Chapter 7 OF THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES of Peter Wilkins, Volume I Having now set out with all possible speed, we seemed to each other as joyful as we could. Though it cannot be supposed we had no fears in our minds the first part of our journey, for we had many, but as our way advanced our fears subsided. And having with scarce any delay pushed forwards for the first twenty-four hours, nature then began to have two very pressing demands upon us, food and rest. But as one of them was absolutely out of our power to comply with, she contented herself with the other, till we should be better able to supply her, and gave a farther time till the next day. The next morning found us very empty and sharp-set, though a very sound night's rest had contributed its utmost to refresh us. But what added much to our discomfort was that, though our whole subsistence must come from fruits, there was not a tree to be found at a less distance than twelve leagues in the open rocky country we were then in. But a good draft of excellent water we met with did us extraordinary service, and sent us with much better courage to the woods, though they were quite out of the way of our route. There by diverse kinds of fruits, which, though my companion knew very well I was quite a stranger to, we satisfied our hunger for the present, and took a moderate supply for another opportunity. This retarded our journey very much, for in so hard travel every pound weighed six before night. I cannot say this journey, though bad enough, would have been so discouraging, but for the trouble of fetching our provisions so far. And then, if we meant not to lose half the next day in the same manner, we must double-load ourselves and delay our progress by that means. But we still went on, and in about eight days got quite clear of Angola. On the eighth day, my companion, whose name was Glanleps, told me we were very near the confines of Congo, but there was one little village still in Angola by which we must pass within half a league, and if I would agree to it he would go see what might be got here to supply ourselves with. I told him I was in an unknown world, and would follow wherever he should lead me, but asked him if he was not afraid of the people as he was not of that country. He told me, as there had been wars between them and his country for assisting their neighbors of Congo, he was not concerned for any mischief he should do them, or they him. But, says he, you have a knife in your pocket, and with that we will cut two stout clubs, and then follow me, and fear nothing. We soon cut our clubs and, marching on, in the midst of some small shrubs and a few scattering trees, we saw a little hovel, larger indeed but worse contrived than an English hog-stuy, to which we boldly advanced, and Glanleps, entering first, saluted an old man who was lying on a parcel of rushes. The man attempted to run away, but Glanleps stopped him, and we tied his hands and feet. He then set up such a hideous howl, that had not Glanleps threatened to murder him, and prepared to do it, he would have raised the whole village upon us. But we quieted him, and rummaging to find provision which was all we wanted, we by good luck spied best part of a goat hanging up behind a large mat at the farther end of the room. By this time in comes a woman with two children very small. This was the old man's daughter of about five and twenty. Glanleps bound her also, and laid her by the old man. But the two children we suffered to lie untied. We then examined her, who told us the old man was her father, and that her husband, having killed a goat that morning, was gone to carry part of it to his sister. That they had little or no corn, and finding we wanted victuals, she told us there was an earthen pot we might boil some of the goat in, if we pleased. Having now seen all that was to be had, we were going to make up our bundle when a muletto very gently put his head into the doorway. Him, Glanleps immediately seized. And bidding me fetch the great mat and the goat's flesh, he in the meantime put a long rope he found there about the beast's neck. Then laying the mat upon him, we packed up the goat's flesh and a little corn in a calabash shell. And then, turning up the mat round about, skewered it together. And overall we tied the earthen pot. Glanleps crying out at everything we loaded. It is no hurt to plunder an enemy. And so we marched off. I own I had greater apprehensions from this adventure than from anything before. Or, says I, if the woman's husband returns soon, or if she or her father can release themselves, they will raise the whole village upon us, and we are undone. But Glanleps laughed at me, saying we had not an hour's walk out of the Angola Dominions, and that the king of Congo was at war with them in helping the king of Luongo, whose subject himself was. That the Angolans durst not be seen out of their bounds on that side of the kingdom, for there was a much larger village of Congolvians in our way, who would certainly rise and destroy them if they came in any numbers amongst them. And though the war being carried on near the sea, the borders were quiet. Yet upon the least stir the whole country would be in arms, whilst we might retire through the woods very safely. Well, we marched on as fast as we could all the remainder of that day till moonlight, close by the skirt of a long wood, that we might take shelter therein if there should be occasion. And my eyes were the best part of the way behind me. But neither hearing nor seeing anything to annoy us, and finding by the declivity of the ground we should soon be in some plain or bottom, and have a chance of water for us all, and pasture for our muletto, which was now become one of us, we would not halt till we found a bottom to the hill, which in half an hour more we came to, and in some minutes after to a rivulate of fine clear water where we resolved to spend the night. Here we fastened our muletto by his cord to a stake in the ground, but perceiving him not to have sufficient range to fill his belly in before morning, we, under Glanleps's direction, cut several long slips from the mat, and soaking them well in water, twisted them into a very strong cord of sufficient length for the purpose.  And having made such a meal as we had neither of us made for many months before, we laid us down and slept heartily till morning. As soon as day broke we packed up our goods, and filling our calabash with water, we loaded our muletto, and got forward very pleasantly that day and several others following, and had tolerable lodgings. About noon one day, traveling with great glee, we met an adventure which very much daunted me, and had almost put a stop to my hopes of ever getting where I intended. We came to a great river whose name I have now forgot, near a league over but full and especially about the shores of large trees that had fallen from the mountains and been rolled down with the floods, and lodged there in a shocking manner. This river, Glanleps told me, we must pass. For my part I shrunk at the sight of it, and told him if he could get over I would not desire to prevent his meeting with his family. But as for my share I had rather take my chance in the woods on this side than plunge myself into such a stream only for the sake of drowning. Oh, says Glanleps, then you can't swim? No, says I. There's my misfortune. Well, says the kind Glanleps, be of good heart. I'll have you over. He then made me go cut an armful of the tallest of the reeds that grew there near the shore, whilst he pulled up another where he then was, and bring them to him. The side of the river sloped for a good way with an easy descent, so that it was very shallow where the reeds grew, and they stood very close together upon a large compass of ground. I had no sooner entered the reeds a few yards to cut some of the longest but, being about knee-deep in the water and mud, and every step raising my feet very high to keep them clear of the roots which were matted together, I thought I had trod upon a trunk of one of the trees of which, as I said, there was such plenty thereabouts, and raising my other foot to get that also upon the tree as I fancied it, I found it move along with me, upon which I roared out when Glanleps, who was not far from me, imagining what was the matter, cried out, leap off, and run to shore to the right. I knew not yet what was the case, but did what I was bid, and gained the shore. Looking back, I perceived the reeds shake and rustle all the way to the shore by degrees after me. I was terribly frightened, and ran to Glanleps, who then told me the danger I had escaped, and that what I took for a tree was certainly a large alligator or crocodile. My blood ran chill within me, adhering the name of such a dangerous creature. But he had no sooner told me what it was than out came the most hideous monster I had ever seen. Glanleps ran to secure the muletto, and then taking the cord which had fastened him, and tying it to each end of a broken arm of a tree that lay on the shore, he marched up to the crocodile without the least dismay, and beginning near the tail with one leg on one side and the other on the other side, he straddled over him, still mending his pace as the beast crept forward till he came to his forefeet. Then, throwing the great log before his mouth, he, by the cord in his hand, bobbed it against the creature's nose till he gaped wide enough to have taken in the muletto. Then, of a sudden, jerking the wood between his jaws with all his force by the cord, he gagged the beast, with his jaws wide open up to his throat, so that he could neither make use of his teeth nor shut his mouth. He then threw one end of the cord upon the ground, just before the creature's underjaw, which, as he, by degrees, crept along over it, came out behind his forelegs on the contrary side. And serving the other end of it in the same manner, he took up those ends and tied them over the creature's back, just within his forelegs, which kept the gag firm in his mouth, and then calling out to me, for I stood at a good distance. Peter, says he, bring me your knife. I trembled at going so near, for the crocodile was turning his head this way and that, very uneasy, and wanting to get to the river again. But yet I carried it, keeping as much behind him as I could, still eyeing him which way he moved, and at length tossed my knife so near that Glanleps could reach it. And he, just keeping behind the beast's forefeet, and leaning forward, first darted the knife into one eye and then into the other, and immediately leaping from his back, came running to me. So Peter, says he, I have done the business. I, business enough, I think, says I, and more than I would have done to have been king of Congo. Why, Peter, says he, there is nothing but a man may compass by resolution, if he takes both ends of a thing in his view at once and fairly deliberates on both sides what may be given and taken from end to end. What you have seen me perform is only from a thorough notion I have of this beast and of myself, how far each of us hath power to act and counteract upon the other and duly applying the means. But, says he, this talk will not carry us across the river. Come, here are the reeds I have pulled up which I believe will be sufficient without any more, for I would not overload the muletto. Why, says I, is the muletto to carry them? No, they are to carry you, says he. I can never ride upon these, says I. Hush, says he. I'll not lose you, never fear. Come, cut me a good tough stick, the length of these reeds. Well, says I, this is all conjuration, but I don't see a step towards my getting over the river yet, unless I am to ride the muletto upon these reeds and guide myself with the stick. I must own, Peter, says he, you have a bright guess. So, taking an armful of the reeds and laying them on the ground, now Peter, says he, lay that stick upon those reeds and tie them tight at both ends. I did so. Now Peter, says he, lay yourself down upon them. I then, laying myself on my back, lengthwise, upon the reeds, glan lips laughed heartily at me, and turning me about brought my breast upon the reeds at the height of my armpits. And then, taking a handful of the reeds he had reserved by themselves, he laid them on my back, tying them to the bundle close at my shoulders, and again at the ends. Now, Peter, says he, stand up. Which I did, but it was full as much as I could do. I then, seeing glan lips laughing at the figure I cut, desired him to be serious, and not put me upon losing my life for a joke, for I could not think what he would do next with me. He bid me never fear, and looking more soberly ordered me to walk to the river, and so stand just within the bank till he came. Then, leading the muletto to me, he tied me to her, about a yard from the tail, and taking the cord in his hand led the muletto and me into the water. We had not gone far before my guide began to swim. Then the muletto and I were presently chinned deep, and I expected nothing but drowning every moment. However, having gone so far, I was ashamed to cry out. When getting out of my depth and my reeds coming to their bearing, up I mounted, and was carried on with all the ease imaginable. My conductor guiding us between the trees so dexterously that not one accident happened to either of us all the way, and we arrived safe on the opposite shore. We had now got into a very low, close, swampy country, and our goats' flesh began to be very stale through the heat, not only of the sun, but the muletto's back. However, we pleased ourselves we should have one more meal of it before it was too bad to eat. So, having traveled about three miles from the river, we took up our lodging on a little rising, and tied our muletto in a valley about half a furlong below us, where he made as good a meal in his way as we did in ours. We had but just supped, and were sauntering about to find the easiest spot to sleep on, when we heard a rustling and a grumbling noise and a small thicket just on our right, which seeming to approach nearer and nearer, Glanleps roused himself and was on his legs just time enough to see a lioness and a small welp which accompanied her, within thirty yards of us, making towards us as we afterwards guessed, for the sake of our goats' flesh, which now smelled very strong. Glanleps whipped on the contrary side of the fire to that where the goats' flesh lay, and fell to kicking the fire about at a great rate, which, being made of dry wood, caused innumerable sparks to fly about us. But the beasts still approaching in a couchant manner, and seizing the ribs of the goat and other bones, for we had only cut the flesh off, and grumbling and cracking them like rotten twigs, Glanleps snatched up a firebrand, flaming in each hand, and made towards them, which cites so terrified the creatures that they fled with great precipitation to the thicket again. Glanleps was a little uneasy at the thoughts of quitting so good a lodging as we had found, but yet held it best to move farther, for as the lions had left the bones behind them, we must expect another visit if we stayed there, and could hope for no rest. And above all, we might possibly lose our muletto, so we removed our quarters two miles farther, where we slept with great tranquility. Reflections on the nature of mankind have often astonished me. I told you at first my thoughts concerning prayer in my journey to Bristol, and of the benefit I received from it, and how fully I was convinced of the necessity of it, which one would think was a sufficient motive to a reasonable creature to be constant in it. And yet it is too true that, not withstanding the difficulties I had labored under, and hardships I had under gone, and the danger of starving at sea or being murdered for food by my fellows, when there was as urgent a necessity of begging divine assistance as can be conceived, I never once thought of it, nor of the object of it, nor return thanks for my being delivered, till the lioness had just left me. And then I felt near the same force urging me to return thanks for my escape, as I had impelling me to prayer before, and I think I did so with great sincerity. I shall not trouble you with a relation of the common accidents of our journey, which lasted two months and better, nor with the different methods we used to get subsistence, but shall at once conduct you to quamus, only mentioning that we were sometimes obliged to go about, and were once stopped by a cut that my guide and companion received by a ragged stone in his foot, which, growing very bad, almost deprived me of the hopes of his life. But, by rest and constant sucking and licking it, which was the only remedy we had to apply, except green leaves chewed that I laid to it by his direction to supple and cool it, he soon began to be able to ride upon the muletto, and sometimes to walk a little. I say we arrived at quamus, a small place on a river of that name, where glanleps had a neat dwelling, and left a wife and five children when he went out to the wars. We were very near the town when the day closed, and as it is soon dark there after sunset, you could but just see your hand at our entrance into it. We met nobody in the way, but I went directly to glanleps's door by his direction, and struck two or three strokes hard against it with my stick. On this there came a woman to it, stark naked. I asked her, in her own language, if she knew one glanleps. She told me with a deep sigh that once she did. I asked, then, where he was. She said, with their ancestors, she hoped, for he was the greatest warrior in the world, but if he was not dead, he was in slavery. Now, you must know, glanleps had a mind to hear how his wife took his death or slavery, and had put me upon asking these questions before he discovered himself. I proceeded, then, to tell her I brought some news of glanleps, and was lately come from him and by his order. And does my dear glanleps live? says she, flying upon my neck, and almost smothering me with caresses, till I begged her to forbear, or she would strangle me, and I had a great deal more to tell her. Then ringing for a light, when she saw I was a white man, she seemed in the utmost confusion at her own nakedness, and immediately retiring she threw a cloth around her waist and came to me again. I then repeated to her that her husband was alive and well, but wanted a ransom to redeem himself, and had sent me to see what she could anyways raise for that purpose. She told me she and her children had lived very hardly ever since he went from her, and she had nothing to sell or make money of but her five children, that as this was the time for the slaving trade, she would see what she could raise by them, and if that would not do, she would sell herself and send him the money, if he would let her know how to do it. Glanleps, who heard every word that passed, finding so strong a proof of his wife's affection, could hold out no longer, but bursting into the room clasped her in his arms crying, No, Zulika, for that was her name. I am free. There will be no occasion for your or my dear children's slavery, and rather than have purchased my freedom at that rate I would willingly have died a slave myself, but my own ears have heard the tender sentiments my Zulika has for me. Then, drowned in tears of joy, they embraced each other so close and so long that I thought it impertinent to be seen with them till their first transports were over. So I retired without the house, till Glanleps called me in, which was not less than full half an hour. I admired at the love and constancy of the person I had just left behind me, and good heaven thinks I to myself with a sigh. How happy has this our escape rendered Glanleps and his wife.  And what is the cause of all this? Is it that he has brought home great treasures from the wars? Nothing like it. He has come naked. Is it that having escaped slavery and poverty he has returned to an opulent wife, abounding with the good things of life? No such thing. What then can be the cause of this excess of satisfaction, this alternate joy that Patty and I could not have been as happy with each other? Why, it is my pride that interposed and prevented it. But what am I like to get by it, and by all this travel and these hazards? Is this the way to make a fortune, to get an estate? No, surely the very contrary. I could not, forsooth, labor for Patty and her children where I was known. But am I any better for laboring here where I am not known, where I have nobody to assist me than I could have been where I am known, and where there would have been my friends about me at least, if they could have afforded no great assistance? I have been deceived then, and have traveled so many thousand miles, and undergone so many dangers only to know at last I had been happier at home, and have doubled my misery for want of consideration. That very consideration which impartially taken would have convinced me I ought to have made the best of my bad circumstances, and to have laid hold of every commendable method of improving them. Did I come hither to avoid daily labor or voluntary servitude at home? I have had it in abundance. Did I come hither to avoid poverty or contempt? Here I have met with them tenfold. And now, after all, was I to return home empty and naked as Glenlips has done?  I fear not. These and the like reflections had taken possession of me when Glenlips called me in, where I found his wife in her manner, preparing our supper with all that cheerfulness which gives a true luster to innocence. The bustle we made had by this time awakened the children, who, stark naked as they were born, both boys and girls, came crawling out, black as jet, from behind a curtain at the farther end of the room, which was very long. The father, as yet, had only inquired after them, but upon sight of them he fell into an ecstasy, kissing one, stroking another, dandling a third, for the eldest was scarce fourteen. But not one of them knew him. For seven years makes a great chasm in young memories. The more I saw of this sport, the stronger impression Patty and my own children made upon me. My mind had been so much employed on my own distresses that those dear ideas were almost effaced. But this moving scene introduced them afresh, and imprinted them deeply on my imagination, which cherished the sweet I passed my time with Glanleps and his wife, who both really loved me, with sufficient bodily quiet for about two years. My business was chiefly in company with my patron to cultivate a spot of ground wherein we had planted grain and necessities for the family, and once or twice a week we went fishing and sometimes hunted and shot venison. These were our chief employments. For as to excursions for slaves, which is a practice in many of those countries, and what the natives get money by, since our own slavery, Glanleps and I could not endure it. Though I was tolerably easy in my external circumstances, yet my mind hankering after England made my life still unhappy, and that infelicity daily increased as I saw the less probability of attaining my desire. At length, hearing of some European sailors who were under confinement for contraband trade at a Portuguese fort about two miles from Quamas, I resolved to go to see them, and if any of them should be English, at least to inquire after my native country. I went and found two Dutchmen who had been sailors in British pay several years, three Scotchmen and Irishmen and five Englishmen, but all had been long in English merchant service. They were taken, as they told me, by a Portuguese vessel, together with their ship, as a Dutch prize under pretense of contraband trade. The captain was known to be a Dutchman, though he spoke good English, and was then in English pay and his vessel English. Therefore they would have it that he was a Dutch trader, and so seized his ship in the harbor with the prisoners in it. The captain who was on shore with several of his men was threatened to be laid in irons if he was taken, which obliged him and his men to abscond and fly overland to an English factory for assistance to recover his ship and cargo, being afraid to appear and claim it amongst so many enemies without an additional force. They had been in confinement two months, and their ship confiscated and sold. In this miserable condition I left them, but returned once or twice a week for a fortnight or three weeks to visit them. These instances of regard as they thought them created some confidence in me, so that they conversed with me very freely. Amongst other discourse they told me one day that one of their crew, who went with the captain, had been taken ill on the way, and being unable to proceed was returned. But as he talked good Portuguese he was not suspected to belong to them, and that he had been to visit them and would be there again that day. I had a mind to see him, so stayed longer than I intended, and in about an hour's time he came. After he was seated he asked who I was, and privately if I might be trusted. Being satisfied I might, for that I was a Cornish man, he began as follows, looking narrowly about to see he was not overheard. My lads, says he, be of good courage. I have hopes for you. Be but men, and we shall see better days yet. I wondered to what this preface tended, when he told us that since his return from the captain as he spoke good Portuguese and had sailed on board Portuguese traders several years he mixed among that people and particularly among the crew of the Del Cruz, the ship which had taken them. That ship had partly unloaded and was taking in other goods for a future voyage. That he had informed himself of their strength, and that very seldom more than three men and two boys lay on board. That he had hired himself to the captain, and was to go on board the very next day. Now, says he, my lads, if you can break prison any night after tomorrow and come directly to the ship, telling them how she lay for, says he, you cannot mistake, you will find two or three boats moored in the gut against the church. I will be ready to receive you, and we will get off with her in lieu of our ship they have taken from us, for there is nothing ready to follow us. The prisoners listened to this discourse very attentively, but scratched their heads, fearing the difficulty of it, and severe usage if they miscarried, and made several objections. But at last they all swore to attempt it the night but one following, upon which the sailor went away to prepare for their reception on board. After he was gone I surveyed his scheme attentively in my own mind, and found it not so difficult as I first imagined, if the prisoners could but escape cleverly. So before I went away I told them I approved of their purpose, and as I was their countryman I was resolved, with their leaves, to risk my fortune with them. At this they seemed much pleased, and all embraced me. We then fixed the peremptory night, and I was to wait at the water side and get the boats in readiness. The prison they were in was a Portuguese fort, which had been deserted ever since the building a much better on the other side of the river, a gunshot lower. It was built with walls too thick for naked men to storm. The captives were securely locked up every night, and two soldiers or sentinels kept watch in an outer room, who were relieved from the main guard in the body of the building. The expected night arrived, and a little before midnight, as had been concerted, one of the prisoners cried out he was so parched up he was on fire. He was on fire. The sentinels were both asleep, but the first that waked called at the door to know what was the matter. The prisoner still crying out, I am on fire! The rest begged the sentinel to bring a bowl of water for him, for they knew not what ailed him. The good-natured fellow, without waking his companion, brought the water, and having a lamp in the guard room opened the door, when the prisoners, seizing his arms and commanding him to silence, bound his hands behind him and his feet together. Then serving the other in the same manner, who was now just awake, and taking from them their swords and muskets, they made the best of their way over the fort wall, which, being built with buttresses on the inside, was easily surmounted. Being got out, they were not long in finding me who had before this time made the boats ready, and was impatiently waiting for them. So in we all got, and made good speed to the ship, where we were welcomed by our companion ready to receive us. Under pretense of being a new-entered sailor, he had carried some Madeira wine on board, and treated the men and boys so freely that he had thrown them into a dead sleep, which was a wise precaution. There being now, therefore, no fear of disturbance or interruption, we drew up the two boats and set all hands at work to put the ship under way, and plied it so closely, the wind favouring us, that by eleven o'clock the next morning we were out of sight of land. But we set the men and boys adrift, in one of the boats, nigh the mouth of the river. The first thing we did, after we had made a long run from shore, was to consult what course to steer. Now, as there was a valuable loading on board of goods from Portugal and others, taken in sense, some gave their opinion for sailing directly for India, selling the ship in cargo there and returning by some English vessel. But that was rejected, for we did not doubt, but notice would be given our escape along the coast. And if we should fall into the Portuguese's hands, we could expect no mercy. Besides, we had not people sufficient for such an enterprise. Others again were for sailing the directest course for England. But I told them, as our opinions were different and no time was to be lost, my advice was to stretch southward till we might be quite out of fear of pursuit. And then, whatever course we took, by keeping clear of all coasts, we might hope to come safe off. My proposal seemed to please the whole crew. So, crowding all the sail we could, we pushed southwards very briskly before the wind for several days. We now went upon examining our stores, and found we had flour enough, plenty of fish and salt provisions, but were scant of water and wood. Of the first whereof there was not half a ton, and but very little of the latter. This made us very uneasy, and being none of us expert in navigation farther than the common working of the ship, and having no chart on board that might direct us to the nearest land, we were almost at our wits end, and came to a short allowance of liquor. That we must get water if we could was indisputable. But where to do it puzzled us, as we had determined not to get in with the African shore on any account, whatever. In this perplexity, and under the guidance of different opinions, for we were all captains now, we sometimes steered eastward, and sometimes westward, for about nine days, when we aspired a little bluish cloud-like appearance to the southwest. This continuing we hoped it might be land, and therefore made to it. Upon our nearer approach, we found it to be, as we judged, an island. But not knowing its name, or whether it was inhabited, we coasted round it two days to satisfy ourselves as to this last particular. Seeing no living creature on it during that time, and the shore being very broken, we came to an anchor about two miles from it, and sent ten of our crew, in our best boat, with some casks to get water and cut wood. The boat returned at night with six men and the casks filled, having left four behind to go on with the cutting of wood against next day. Accordingly next morning the boat went off again and made two turns with water and wood ere night, which was repeated for two or three days after. On the sixth she went off for wood only, leaving none but me and one John Adams on board. The boat had scarce reached the island this last turn before the day overcast, and there arose such a storm of wind, thunder, lightning, and hail as I had never before seen. At last our cable broke close to the anchor, and away we went with the wind full southward by west. And not having strength to keep the ship upon a side wind, we were forced to set our head right before it and let her drive. Our hope was, every hour, the storm would abate. But it continued with equal violence for many days, during all which time neither Adams nor I had any rest, for one or other of us was forced, and sometimes both, to keep her right before the wind, or she would certainly have overset. When the storm abated, as it did by degrees, neither Adams nor I could tell where we were or in what part of the world. I was sorry I had no better assailor with me, for neither Adams nor myself had ever made more than one voyage till now, so that we were both unacquainted with the latitude, and scarce knew the use of the compass to any purpose. And being out of all hope of ever reaching the island to our companions, we neither knew which way to steer nor what to do. And indeed had we known where we were, we too only could not have been able to navigate the ship to any part we desired, or ever to get to the island, unless such a wind as we had before would of itself have driven us thither. Whilst we were considering day after day what to do, though the sea was now very calm and smooth, the ship seemed to sail at as great a rate as before, which we attributed to the velocity she had acquired by the storm, or to currents that had set that way by the violence of the winds. Contenting ourselves with this, we expected all soon to be right again. And as we had no prospect of ever seeing our companions, we kept the best lookout we could to see for any vessel coming that course which might take us in, and resolved to rest all our hopes upon that. When we had sailed a good while after this manner we knew not wither. Adams called out, I see land. My heart leaped within me for joy, and we hoped the current that seemed to carry us so fast set in for some islands or rivers that lay before us. But still we were exceedingly puzzled at the ships making such way, and the nearer we approached the land which was now very visible, the more speed the ship made, though there was no wind stirring. We had but just time to think on this unexpected phenomenon when we found that what we had taken for land was a rock of an extraordinary height to which, as we advanced nearer, the ship increased its motion, and all our strength could not make her answer her rudder any other way. This put us under the apprehension of being dashed to pieces immediately, and in less than half an hour I verily thought my fears had not been groundless. Poor Adams told me he would try, when the ship struck, if he could leap upon the rock, and ran to the head for that purpose. But I was so fearful of seeing my danger that I ran under hatches, resolving to sink in the ship. We had no sooner parted, but I felt so violent a shock that I verily thought the ship had brought down the whole rock upon her, and been thereby dashed to pieces, so that I never more expected to see the light. I lay under this terror for at least half an hour, waiting the ships either filling with water, or bulging every moment, but finding neither motion in her nor any water rise nor the least noise whatsoever, I ventured with an aching heart from my retreat, and stole up the hatchway as if an enemy had been on deck, peeping first one way, and then another. Here nothing presented but confusion. The rock hung over the hatchway at about twenty feet above my head. Our four mast lay by the board. The main mast yard arm was down, and great part of the main mast snapped off with it, and almost everything upon deck was displaced. This sight shocked me extremely, and calling for Adams, in whom I hoped to find some comfort, I was too soon convinced I had lost him. After I had stood a while, in the utmost confusion of thought, and my spirits began to be a little composed, I was resolved to see what damage the hull of the ship had received. Accordingly, I looked narrowly, but could find none. Only she was immovably fixed in a cleft of the rock, like a large archway, and there stuck so fast that upon fathoming I could find no bottom. She never moved, in the least, by the working of the water. I now began to look upon Adams as a happy man, being delivered by an immediate death from such an inextricable scene of distress, and wished myself with him a thousand times. I had a great mind to have followed him into the other world, yet I know not how it is. There is something so abhorrent to human nature and self-murder. Be one's condition what it will, that I was soon determined on the contrary side. Now again I perceived that the Almighty had given me a large field to expatiate in upon the trial of His creatures, by bringing them into imminent dangers ready to overwhelm them, and at the same time, as it were, hanging out the flag of truth and mercy to them. These thoughts brought me to my knees, and I poured out my soul to God in a strain of humiliation, resignation to His will, and earnest petitions for deliverance or support in this distress. Having finished, I found myself in a more composed frame, so having eaten a biscuit and drank a can of water and not seeing anything to be done whereby I could better my condition, I sat me down upon the deck and fell into the following soliloquy. Peter, says I, what have you to do here? Alas, replied I to myself, I am fixed against my will in this dismal mansion, destined, as rats might be, to devour the provisions only, and having eaten all up to perish with hunger for want of a supply. Then, says I, of what use are you in the world, Peter? Truly, answered I, of no other use that I can see but to be an object of misery for divine vengeance to work upon, and to show what a deplorable state human nature can be reduced to, for I cannot think anyone else can be so wretched. And again, Peter, says I, what have you been doing ever since you came into the world? I am afraid, says I, I can answer no better to this question than to either of the former, for if only reasonable actions are to be reckoned among my doings, I am sure I have done little worth recording, for let me see what it all amounts to.  The next year was spent in finding out the misery of slavery from experience. Two years more, I repined at the happiness of my benefactor, and at finding it was not my lot to enjoy the same. This year is not yet spent, and how many more are to come, and where they may be passed, and what they may produce, requires a better head than mine even to guess at. But certainly my present situation seems to promise nothing beside woe and misery. But hold a little, says I, and let me clearly state my own wretchedness. I am here, it is true. But for any good I have ever done, or any advantage I have reaped in other places, I am as well here as anywhere. I have no present want of food or unjust or cruel enemy to annoy me. So as long as the ship continues entire and provisions last, I shall do tolerably. Then why should I grieve or terrify myself about what may come, what my frightened imagination suggests may perhaps never happen? Deliverance, though not to be looked for, is yet possible. And my future fate may be as different from my present condition as this is from the hopes with which I lately flattered myself.  All mankind die, and then there is an end of all. An end of all, did I say? No. There is something within that gives me the lie when I say so. Let me see.  And may it not be so? May I not as well undergo a change from this to a different state of life when I leave this world as be born into it I know not from whence? Who sent me into this world? Who framed me of two natures so unlike that death cannot destroy but one of them? It must be the almighty God. But all God's works tend to some end, and if he has given me an immortal nature, it must be his intention that I should live somewhere and somehow forever. May not this stage of being then be only an introduction to a preparative for another? There is nothing in this supposition repugnant to reason. Upon the whole, if God is the author of my being, he only has a right to dispose of it, and I may not put an end there too without his leave. It is no less true that my continuing therein during his pleasure, and because it is so, may turn vastly to my advantage in his good time. It may be the means of my becoming happy forever when it is his will that I go hence. It is no less probable that dismal as my present circumstances appear. I may be even now the object of a kind of providence. God may be leading me by affliction to repentance of former crimes, destroying those sensual affections that have all my days kept me from loving and serving him. I will therefore submit myself to his will and hope for his mercy. These thoughts and many others I then had composed me very much, and by degrees reconciled me to my destined solitude. I walked my ship of which I was now both master and owner, and employed myself in searching how it was fastened to the rock and where it rested. But all to no purpose as to that particular. I then struck a light and went into the hold to see what I could find useful, for we had never searched the ship since we took her. In the hold I found abundance of long iron bars which I suppose were brought out to be trafficked with the blacks. I observed they lay all with one end close to the head of the ship, which I presumed was occasioned by the violent shock they received when she struck against the rock. But seeing one short bar lying out beyond the rest, though touching at the end of one of the long bars, I thought to take it up and lay it on the heap with the others. But the moment I had raised the end next the other bars it flew out of my hand with such violence against the head of the ship and with such a noise as greatly surprised me and put me in fear it had broke through the plank. I just stayed to see no harm was done, and ran upon the deck with my hair stiff on my head. Nor could I conceive less than that some subtle spirit had done this prank merely to terrify me. It ran in my fate several days, and I durst upon no account have gone into the hold again, though my whole support had lain there. Nay, it even spoiled my rest, for fear something tragical should befall me, of which this amazing incident was an omen. About a week after, as I was shifting myself, for I had not taken my clothes off since I came there, and putting on a new pair of shoes which I found on board, my own being very bad, taking out my iron buckles I laid one of them upon a broken piece of the mast that I sat upon. When to my astonishment it was no sooner out of my hand, but up it flew to the rock and stuck there. I could not tell what to make of it, but was sorry the devil had got above deck. I then held several other things one after another in my hand, and laid them down where I laid the buckle. But nothing stirred till I took out the fellow of that from the shoes. When letting it go away, it jumped also to the rock. I mused on these phenomena for some time, and could not forbear calling upon God to protect me from the devil, who must, as I imagined, have a hand in such unaccountable things as they then seemed to me. But at length reason got the better of these foolish apprehensions, and I began to think there might be some natural cause of them, and next to be very desirous of finding it out. In order to this I set about making experiments to try what would run to the rock and what would not. I went into the captain's cabin, and opening a cupboard of which the key was in the door, I took out a pipe, a bottle, a pocket book, a silver spoon, a teacup, etc., and laid them successively near the rock. When none of them answered but the key which I had brought out of the cupboard on my finger dropping off while I was thus employed, no sooner was it disengaged but a way it went to it. After that I tried several other pieces of ironware with the like success. Upon this and the needle of my compass standing stiff to the rock I concluded that this same rock contained great quantities of lodestone, or was itself one vast magnet, and that our lading of iron was the cause of the ship's violent course thereto, which I mentioned before. This quite satisfied me as to my notions of spirits, and gave me a more undisturbed knight's rest than I had had before, so that now, having nothing to affright me, I passed the time tolerably well in my solitude, as it grew by degrees familiar to me. I had often wished it had been possible for me to climb the rock, but it was so smooth in many places in craggy and overhanging, continuing just the same, to the right and left of me, as far as ever I could see, that from the impossibility of it I discharged all thoughts of such an attempt. I had now lived on board three months, and perceived the days grow shorter and shorter, till having lost the sun for a little time they were quite dark, that is, there was no absolute daylight or indeed visible distinction between day and night, though it was never so dark, but I could see well enough upon deck to go about. What now concerned me the most was my water, which began to grow very bad, though I had plenty of it, and unsavory, so that I could scarce drink it, but had no prospect of better. Now and then, indeed, it snowed a little, which I made some use of, but this was far from contenting me. Here upon I began to contrive, and having nothing else to do I set two open vessels upon deck, and, drawing water from the hold, I filled one of my vessels, and letting it stand a day and a night, I poured it into the other, and so shifted it every twenty-four hours. This I found, though it did not bring it to the primitive taste and render it altogether palatable, was nevertheless a great help to it, by incorporating the fresh air with it so that it became very potable, and this method I constantly used with my drinking water, so long as I stayed on board the ship. It had now been sharp weather for some time, and the cold still increasing this put me upon rummaging the ship farther than ever I thought to do before. When opening a little cabin, under deck, I found a large cargo of fine French brandy, a great many bottles, and some small casks of Madeira wine with diverse cordial waters. Having tasted these, and taken out a bottle or two of brandy and some Madeira, I locked up my door and looked no farther that time. The next day I inquired into my provisions, and some of my flesh having soaked out the pickle I made fresh pickle and closed it up again. I that day also found several cheeses cased up in lead, one of which I then opened and dined upon. But what time of day or night it was when I eat this meal I could not tell. I found a great many chests well filled, and one or two tools which some years after stood me in a very good stead, though I did not expect they would ever be of that service when I first met with them. In this manner I spent my time till I began to see broad daylight again, which cheered me greatly. I had been often put in hopes during the dark season that ships were coming towards me, and that I should once more have the conversation of mankind, for I had, by the small glimmering, seen many large bodies to my thinking move at a little distance from me, and particularly toward the reappearing of the light. But though I hallowed as loud as I could, and often fired my gun, I never received an answer. When the light returned my days increased in proportion as they had before decreased, and gathering comfort from that I determined to launch my small boat and to coast along the island as I judged it to see if it was inhabited and by whom. I determined also to make me some lines for fishing, and carry my gun to try for other game if I found a place for landing. For though I had never since my arrival seen a single living creature but my cat, except insects, of which there were many in the water and in the air before the dark weather, and then began to appear again, yet I could not but think there were both birds and beasts to be met with. Upon launching my boat I perceived she was very leaky. So I let her fill and continue thus a week or more to stop her cracks. Then getting down the side of my ship I scooped her quite dry and found her very fit for use. So putting on board my gun, lines, brandy bottles, and clothes, chests for a seat, with some little water and provisions for a week, I once more committed myself to the sea, having taken all the observation I could, to gain my ship again if any accident should happen, though I resolved upon no account to quit sight of the rock willingly. I had not rode very long before I thought I saw an island, to my right, about a league distant, to which I inclined to steer my course, the sea being very calm. But upon surveying it nearer I found it only a great cake of ice, about forty yards high above the water, and a mile or two in length. I then concluded that what I had before taken for ships were only these lumps of ice. Being thus disappointed as to my island, I made what haste I could back to the rock again and coasted part of its circumference. But though I had gone two or three leagues of its circuit, the prospect it afforded was just the same. I then tried my lines by fastening several very long ones, made of the log-line, to the side of the boat, baiting them with several different baits, but took only one fish of about four pounds weight, very much resembling a headache, part of which I dressed for my supper after my return to the ship, and it proved very good. Towards evening I returned to my home, as I may call it. The next day I made a voyage on the other side of the rock, though but to a small distance from the ship, with intent only to fish, but took nothing. I had then a mind to victual my boat, or little cruiser, and prepare myself for a voyage of two or three days, which I thought I might safely undertake, as I had never seen a troubled sea since I came to the island, for though I heard the wind often roaring over my head, yet it coming always from the land side, it never disturbed the water near the shore. I set out the same way I went at first, designing to sail two or three days out, and as many home again, and resolved, if possible, to fathom the depth as I went. With this view I prepared a very long line with a large shot tied in a rag at the end of it, by way of plummet, but I felt no ground till the second night. The next morning I came into thirty fathom water, then twenty, then sixteen. In both tours I could perceive no abatement in the height or steepness of the rock. In about fourteen fathom water I dropped my lines, and lay by for an hour or two. Feeling several jars as I sat on my chest in the boat, I was sure I had caught some what. So, pulling up my line successively, I brought first a large eel, near six feet long, and almost as thick as my thigh, whose mouth, throat, and fins were of a fine scarlet and the belly as wide as snow. He was so strong while in the water, and weighty, I had much adieu to get him into the boat, and then had a harder job to kill him. For though having a hatchet with me to cut wood in case I met with any landing place, I chopped off his head the moment I had him on board. Yet he had several times after that, have liked to have broken my legs and beat me overboard before I had quite taken his life from him. And had I not whipped off his tail, and also divided his body into two or three pieces, I could not have mastered him. The next I pulled up was a thick fish like a tinch, but of another color and much bigger. I drew up several others, flat and long fish, till I was tired with the sport, and then I set out for the ship again, which I reached the third day. During this whole time, I had but one shot, and that was, as I came homewards, at a creature I saw upon a high crag of the rock, which I fired at with ball fearing that my small shot would not reach it. The animal, being mortally wounded, bounded up and came tumbling down the rock very near me. I picked it up, and found it to be a creature not much unlike our rabbits, but with shorter ears, a longer tail, and hoofed like a kid, though it had the perfect fluck of a rabbit. I put it into my boat to contemplate on when I arrived at the ship, and plying my oars got safe, as I said, on the third day. I made a fire to cook with as soon as I had got my cargo out of the boat into my ship, but was under debate which of my dainties to begin upon. I had sometimes a mind to have broiled my rabbit, as I called it, and boiled some of my fish, but being tired I hung up my flesh till the next day, and boiled two or three sorts of my fish to try which was best. I knew not the nature of most of them, so I boiled a piece of my eel, to be sure, judging that, however I might like the others, I should certainly be able to make a good meal of that. This variety being ready, I took a little of my oil out of the hold for sauce, and sat down to my meal as satisfied as an emperor. But upon tasting my several messes, though the eel was rather richer than the smaller fishes, yet the others were all so good, I gave them the preference for that time and laid by the rest of the eel, and of the other fish, till the next day when I salted them for future use. I kept now a whole week or more at home, to look farther into the contents of the ship, bottle off a cask of Madera, which I found leaking, and to consume my new stores of fish and flesh, which being somewhat stale when first salted, I thought would not keep so well as the old ones that were on board. I added also some fresh bread to my provision, and sweetened more water by the aforementioned method, and when my necessary domestic affairs were brought under, I then projected a new voyage. CHULAVISTA THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF Peter Wilkins by Robert Paltik CHAPTER X I had for a long time wanted to see the other side of the rock, and at last resolved to try if I could not coast it quite round. For, as I reasoned with myself, I might possibly find some landing places, and perhaps a convenient habitation on shore. But as I was very uncertain what time that might take up, I determined on having provisions, instruments of diverse kinds and necessary utensils and plenty to guard against accidents as well as I could. I therefore took another sea-chest out of the hold of the ship, and letting it into my boat replenished it with a stock of wine, brandy, oil, bread, and the like sufficient for a considerable voyage. I also filled a large cask with water, and took a good quantity of salt to cure what fish I should take, by the way. I carried two guns, two brace of pistols, and other arms with ammunition proportionable. Also an axe or two, a saw to cut wood if I should see any, and a few other tools which might be highly serviceable if I could land. To all these I added an old sail to make a covering for my goods and artillery against the weather. Thus furnished and equipped, having secured my hatches on board, and everything that might spoil by wet, I set out, with a god's speed on my expedition, committing myself once more to Providence and the main ocean, and proceeding the same way I went the first time. I did not sail extraordinary fast, but frequently fished in proper places and caught a great deal, salting and drawing the best of what I took. For three weeks time and more I saw no entrance into the island, as I call it, nor anything but the same unscalable rock. This uniform prospect gave me so little hopes of landing that I was almost of a mind to have returned again. But on mature deliberation, resolving to go forward a day or two more, I had not proceeded twenty-four hours when, just as it was becoming dark, I heard a great noise, as of a fall of water, whereupon I proposed to lie by and wait for day to see what it was. But the stream insensibly drawing me on, I soon found myself in an eddy, and the boat drawing forward beyond all my power to resist it, I was quickly sucked under a low arch, where, if I had not fallen flat in my boat, having barely light enough to see my danger, I had undoubtedly been crushed to pieces or driven overboard. I could perceive the boat to fall with incredible violence, as I thought, down a precipice, and suddenly whirled round and round with me, the water roaring on all sides, and dashing against the rock with the most amazing noise. I expected every moment my poor little vessel would be staved against the rock, and I overwhelmed with waters, and for that reason never once attempted to rise up, or look upon my peril till after the commotion had in some measure ceased. At length, finding the perturbation of the water abate, and as if by degrees I came into a smoother stream, I took courage just to lift up my affrighted head. But guess, if you can, the horror which seized me on finding myself in the blackest of darkness, unable to perceive the smallest glimmer of light. However, as my boat seemed to glide easily, I roused myself and struck a light. But if I had my terrors before, what must I have now? I was quite stupefied at the tremendous view of an immense arch over my head, to which I could see no bounds. The stream itself, as I judged, was about thirty yards broad, but in some places wider, in some narrower. It was well for me I happened to have a tinder-box, or though I had escaped hither too, I must have at last perished. For in the narrower parts of the stream, where it ran swiftest, there were frequently such crags stood out from the rock, by reason of the turnings and windings, and such sets of the current against them as could I not have seen to manage my boat, which I took great care to keep in the middle of the stream, must have thrown me on them to my inevitable destruction. Happy it was for me also! I was so well-victualed in that I had taken with me two bottles of oil, as I supposed for I did not imagine I had any more, or I had certainly been lost, not only through hunger, for I was, to my guess, five weeks in the vaults or cavern, but for want of light which the oil furnished, and without which all other conveniences could have been of no avail to me. I was forced to keep my lamp always burning, so not knowing how long my residence was to be in that place, or when I should get my discharge from it, if ever, I was obliged to husband my oil with the utmost frugality, and notwithstanding all my caution it grew low, and was just spent in little above half the time I stayed there.  I burnt the oil in my brass tobacco-box, which I had fitted pretty well to answer the purpose. Sitting down I had many black thoughts of what must follow the loss of my light, which I considered as near expiring, and that I feared, for ever.  That hour which he so much dreads, and yet that very hour which releases him from all farther dread. Thus do I, my last wick is kindled, my last drop of fuel is consuming, and I am every moment apprehending the shocks of the rock, the suffocation of the water, and in short, thinking over my dying thoughts, till the snuff of my lamp throws up its last curling, expiring flame, and then my quietess will be presently signed, and I released from my tormenting anxiety. Happy minute? Come, then. I only wait for thee. My spirits grew so low and feeble upon this that I had recourse to my brandy-bottle to raise them. But as I was just going to take a sip, I reflected that would only increase thirst, and therefore it were better to take a little of my white madera. So, putting my dram-bottle again into the chest, I held up one of madera, as I fancied, to the lamp, and seeing it was white, for I had read two, I clapped it eagerly to my mouth, when the first gulp gave me a greater refreshment and more cheered my heart than all the other liquors I had put together could have done, and so much as I had almost leaped over the boat's side for joy. "'It is oil,' cried I, aloud. "'It is oil.'" I set it down carefully with inexpressible pleasure, and examining the rest of the bottles I had taken for white madera, I found two more of those to be filled with oil. "'Now,' says I, "'here is the counter-part of my condemned prisoner. For let but a pardon come, though at the gallows, how soon does he forget he has been an unhappy villain, and I too have scarce a notion now, how a man, in my case, could feel such sorrow as I have, for want of a little oil. After my first transport I found myself gross serious, reflecting upon the vigilance of providence over us poor creatures, and the various instances wherein it interposes to save or relieve us in cases of the deepest distress, where our own foresight, wisdom, and power have utterly failed. And when, looking all around, we could discover no means of deliverance. And I saw a train of circumstances leading to the incident I have just mentioned, which obliged me to acknowledge the superintendence of heaven over even my affairs. And as the goodness of God had cared for me thus far, and manifested itself to me now, in rescuing me, as it were, from being swallowed up in darkness, I had ground to hope he intended a complete deliverance of me out of that dismal abyss, and would cause me yet to praise him in the full brightness of day. A series of these meditations brought me, at the end of five weeks, as nearly as I could compute it by my lamp, to a prodigious lake of water, bordered with a grassy down about half a mile wide of the finest verter I had ever seen. This again was flanked with a wood or grove rising like an amphitheater of about the same breath, and behind and above all appeared the naked rock to an immense height. End of Chapter 10, Recording by James K. White, Chula Vista. CHAPTER XI OF THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF PETER WULKENS. CHAPTER XI It is impossible to express my joy at the sight of day once more. I got on the land as soon as possible after my dismission from the cavern, and, kneeling on the ground, returned hearty thanks to God for my deliverance, begging at the same time grace to improve his mercies, and that I might continue under his protection whatever should hereafter befall me, and at last die on my native soil. I unloaded my vessel as well as I could, and hauled her up on the shore, and turning her upside down made her a covering for my arms and baggage. I then sat down to contemplate the place, and eat a most delightful meal on the grass, being quite a new thing to me. I walked over the greensward to the wood, with my gun in my hand, a brace of pistols in my girdle, and my cutlass hanging before me. But when I was just entering the wood, looking behind me and all around the plain, is it possible, says I, that so much art, for I did not then believe it was natural, could have been bestowed upon this place, and no inhabitant in it? Here are neither buildings, huts, castle, nor any living creature to be seen. It cannot be, says I, that this place was made for nothing. I then went a considerable way into the wood, and inclined to have gone much farther, it being very beautiful. But on second thoughts, judged it best to content myself at present with only looking out a safe retreat for that night. For however agreeable the place then seemed, darkness was at hand, when everything about me would have more or less of horror in it. The wood, at its first entrance, was composed of the most charming, flowering shrubs that can be imagined, each growing upon its own stem, at so convenient a distance from the other that you might fairly pass between them any way without the least in commodity. Behind them grew numberless trees, somewhat taller, of the greatest variety of shapes, forms and verters the eye ever beheld. Each, also, so far asunder as was necessary for the spreading of their several branches and the growth of their delicious fruits without a bush, briar, or shrub amongst them. Behind these, and still on the higher ground, grew an infinite number of very large tall trees, much loftier than the former, but intermixed with some underwood, which grew thicker and closer the nearer you approached the rock. I made a shift to force my way through these as far as the rock, which rose as perpendicular as a regular building, having only here and there some crags and unevennesses. There was, I observed, a space all the way between the underwood and the rock, wide enough to drive a cart in, and indeed I thought it had been left for that purpose. I walked along this passage a good way, having tied a rag of the lining of my jacket at the place of my entrance, to know it again at my coming back, which I intended to be ere it grew dark. But I found so much pleasure in the walk, in serving a small natural grotto which was in the rock, that the daylight forsook me unawares, whereupon I resolved to put off my return unto the boat, till next morning, and to take up my lodging for that night in the cave. I cut down a large bundle of underwood with my cutlass, sufficient to stop up the mouth of the grotto, and laying me down to rest slept as sound as if I had been on board my ship, for I never had one hour's rest together since I shot the gulf, till this. Nature indeed could not have supported itself thus long under much labor. But as I had nothing to do but only keep the middle stream, I began to be as used to guide myself in it with my eyes almost closed and my senses retired as a higgler is to drive his cart to market in his sleep. The next morning I awakened, sweetly refreshed, and by the sign of my rag found the way again through the underwood to my boat. I raised that up a little, took out some bread and cheese, and having eat pretty heartily laid me down to drink at the lake, which looked as clear as crystal, expecting a most delicious draft. But I had forgot it brought me from the sea, and my first gulp almost poisoned me. This was a sore disappointment, for I knew my water cask was nigh emptied, and indeed, turning up my boat again, I drew out all that remained and drank it, for I was much a thirst. However, I did not despair. I was now so used to God's providence, and had a sense of its operations so riveted in my mind that, though the vast lake of salt water was surrounded by an impenetrable rock or barrier of stone, I rested satisfied that I should rather find even that yield me a fresh and living stream than that I should perish for want of it. With this easy mind did I travel five or six miles on the side of the lake, and sometimes stepped into the wood and walked a little there, till I had gone almost half the diameter of the lake which lay in a circular or rather an oval figure. I had then thoughts of walking back, to be near my boat and lodging, for fear I should be again benighted if I went much farther, but considering I had come past no water, and possibly I might yet find some if I went quite round the lake, I rather chose to take up with a new lodging that night than to return, and I did not want for a supper, having brought out with me more bread and cheese than had served for dinner, the remainder of which was in the lining of my jacket. When it grew darkish I had some thoughts of eating, but I considered as I was then neither very hungry nor dry if I should eat it would but occasion drought, and I had nothing to allay that with. So I contented myself for that night to lay me down supperless. In the morning I set forward again upon my water search, and hoped to compass the whole lake that day. I had gone about seven miles more when at a little distance before me I perceived a small hollow or cut in the grass from the wood to the lake, thither I hasted with all speed, and blessed God for the supply of a fine fresh rill which, distilling from several small clefts in the rock, had collected itself into one stream, and cut its way through the green sod to the lake. I lay down with infinite pleasure, and swallowed a most cheerful draft of the precious liquid, and sitting on the brink made a good meal of what I had with me, and then drank again. I had now got five-sixth of the lake's circumference to go back again to my boat, for I did not suspect any passage over the cavern's mouth where I came into the lake, and I could not, without much trouble, consider that if I would have this water for a constant supply I must either come a long way for it or fix my habitation near it. I was just going back again, revolving these uneasy thoughts in my breast when this rose suddenly in my mind, that if I could possibly get over the mouth of the cavern I should not have above three miles from my grotto to the water. Now as I could not get home that night otherwise than by crossing it, and as if I lost my labour I should be but where I was, whereas if I should get over it I would very much shorten my journey, I resolved to try whether the thing was practicable, first, however, looking out for a resting place somewhere near my water if I should meet with a disappointment. I then walked into the wood, where meeting with no place of retreat to my liking I went to my rill, and taking another sup determined not to leave that side of the lake till morning. But having some time to spare I walked about two miles to view the inlet of the lake, and was agreeably surprised just over the mouth of the cavern to see a large stone arch like a bridge, as if it had been cut out of the rock quite across the opening. This cheered me vastly, and pushing over it I found a path that brought me to my boat before night. I then went up to my grotto for the third night in this most delightful place, and the next morning early I launched my boat, and taking my water-cask and a small dipping bucket with me I rode away for the rill, and returned highly pleased with a sufficiency of water, whereof I carried a bucket and a copper kettle full up with me to the grotto. Indeed it was not the least part of my satisfaction that I had this kettle with me. For though I was in hopes in my last voyage I should have come to some shore where I could have landed and enjoyed myself over some of my fish, and for that reason had taken it, not withstanding things did not turn out just as I had schemed.  Having now acquainted myself with the circumstance of the lake, and settled a communication with my rill, I began to think of commencing housekeeper. In order thereunto I set about removing my goods up to the grotto. By constant application in a few days I had gotten all dither but my two great chests and a water-cask. And how to drag or drive any of those to it I was entirely at a loss. My water-cask was of the utmost importance to me, and I had thought sometimes of stopping it close and rolling it to the place. But the ascent through the wood to the grotto was so steep that besides the fear of staving it, which would have been an irreparable loss, I judged it impossible to accomplish it by my strength. So with a good deal of discontent I determined to remit both that and the chests to future consideration. Being obliged to lie lengthwise in it, full six feet of it were taken up at the farther end for my lodging only, as nothing could stand on the side of my bed that would leave me room to come at it. The remaining nine feet of the cave's length were taken up first by my fireplace, which was the deepest side of the doorway, ranging with my bed which I had set close to the rock on one side, and took up near three feet in length, and my furniture and provisions of one sort or other so filled up the rest that I had much adieu to creep between them into my bed. In the chest which I had taken for a seat in the boat as the fore said, upon breaking it open by the water-side I found a mattress, some shirts, shoes, stockings, and several other useful things, a small case of bottles with cordials in them, some instruments of surgery, plasters and salves, all which, together with a large quantity of fish that I had salted, I carried to the grotto. My habitation being thus already overcharged, and as I could not, however, bear the thoughts of quitting it, or of having any of my goods exposed to the weather on the outside, I was naturally bent on contriving how I should increase my accommodations. As I had no prospect of enlarging the grotto itself, I could conceive no other way of effecting my desire but by the addition of an outer room. This thought pleased me very much, so that the next day I set myself to plan out the building and trace the foundation of it. I told you before there was about the space of a cartway between the wood and the rock clear. But this breath as I was building for life, so I imagined, not appearing to me spacious enough for my new apartment, I considered how I should extend its bounds into the wood. Hereupon I set myself to observe what trees stood at a proper distance from my grotto that might serve as they stood with a little management of hewing and the like, to compose a noble doorway, posts, and supporters. And I found that upon cutting down three of the nearest trees I should answer my purpose in this respect. And there were several others, about twenty feet from the grotto, and running parallel with the rock, the situation of which was so happily adapted to my intention that I could make them become, as I fancied, an out fence or wall. So I took my axe and cut down my nearest trees, but as I was going to strike a somewhat different scheme presented itself to my imagination that altered my resolution. In conformity with this new plan I fixed the height of my intended ceiling and sawed off my nearest trees to that, sloping from the sides to the middle, to support cross beams for the roof to rest on, and left the trunks standing by way of pillars, both for the use and ornament of the structure. In short, I worked hard every day upon my building for a month, in which time I had cut all my timber into their proper lengths for my outworks and covering, but was at a great stand how to fix my sideposts, having no spade or mattock, and the ground almost as hard as flint, for to be sure it had never been stirred since the creation.  However, I went on, and having contrived in most of my upright side-quarters, to take the tops of trees and leave on the lower parts their cleft, where they began to branch out and divide from the main stem, I set one of them upright against the rock, then laid one end of my long ceiling pieces upon the cleft of it, and laid the other end upon a tree on the same side, whose top I had also sought off with a proper cleft. I then went and did the same on the other side. After this I laid on a proper number of crossbeams, and tied all very firmly together with the bark of young trees stripped off in long thongs, which answered that purpose very well. Thus I proceeded, crossing, joining, and fastening all together, till the whole roof was so strong and firm that there was no stirring any part of it. I then spread it over with small lop wood, on which I raised a ridge of dried grass and weeds, very thick, and thatched over the hole with the leaves of a tree very much resembling those of a palm, but much thicker and not quite so broad. The entire surface, I might say, was as smooth as a dye, and so ordered by a gentle declivity every way as to carry off the wet. Having covered in my building, I was next to finish and close the walls of it. The skeleton of these was composed of sticks, crossing one another checker-wise, and tied together. To fill up the voids, I wove upon them the longest and most pliable twigs of the underwood I could find, leaving only a doorway on one side between two stems of a tree, which dividing in the trunk at about two feet from the ground, grew from thence, for the rest of its height, as if the branches were a couple of trees a little distance from one another, which made a sort of styleway to my room. When this was all done, I tempered up some earth by the lakeside, and mixing it to a dew-consistence with mud, which I took from the lake, applied it as a plastering in this manner. I divided it into pieces, which I rolled up of the size of a football. These lumps I stuck close by one another on the lattice, pressing them very hard with my hands, which forced part of them quite through the small twigs. And then I smoothed both sides with the back of my saw to about the thickness of five or six inches, so that by this means I had a wall round my new apartment a foot thick. This plasterwork cost me some time, and a great deal of labor, as I had a full mile to go to the lake for every load of stuff, and could carry but little at once, it was so heavy. But there was neither water for tempering nor proper earth to make it with any nearer. At last, however, I completed my building in every respect but a door, and for this I was forced to use the lid of my sea-chest, which indeed I would have chosen not to apply that way, but I had nothing else that would do. And there was, however, this conveniency that it had hinges ready fixed thereon. I now began to enjoy myself in my new habitation, like the absolute and sole lord of the country, for I had neither seen man nor beast since my arrival save a few animals in the trees like our squirrels and some water-rats about the lake. But there were several strange kinds of birds I had never before seen, both on the lake and in the woods. That which now troubled me most was how to get my water nearer to me than the lake, for I had no lesser vessel than the cask, which held above twenty gallons, and to bring that up was a fatigue intolerable. My next contrivance, therefore, was this. I told you I had taken my chest-lid to make a door for my anti-chamber, as I now began to call it. So I resolved to apply the body of the chest also to a purpose different from that it originally answered. In order to do this I went to the lake where the body of the chest lay, and sought it through within about three inches of the bottom. Of the two ends, having rounded them as well as I could, I made two wheels, and with one of the sides I made two more. I burnt a hole through the middle of each. Then, preparing two axle-trees, I fastened them, after putting on the wheels, to the bottom of the chest with the nails I had drawn out of it. Having finished this machine on which I bestowed no small labour, I was hugely pleased with it, and only wished I had a beast, if it were but an ass, to draw it. However, that task I was satisfied to perform myself, since there was no help for it. So I made a good strong cord out of my fishing-lines, and fixed that to drag it by. When all was thus in readiness, filling my water-cask, I bound it thereon, and so brought it to the grotto, with such ease comparatively, as quite charmed me. Having succeeded so well in the first essay, I no sooner unloaded but down when I again with my cart, or truckle rather, to the lake, and brought from thence on it my other chest, which I had left entire. I had now nothing remaining near the lake but my boat, and had half a mind to try to bring that up too. But having so frequent occasion for her to get my water in, which I used in greater abundance now than I had done at first, a great part going to supply my domestic uses as well as for drinking, I resolved against that, and sought out for a convenient dock to stow it in as a preservative against wind and weather, which I soon after affected. For having pitched upon a swampy place, overgrown with a sort of long flags or reeds, I soon cut a trench from the lake with a sort of spade or board that I had chopped and sharpened for that use. Thus having stowed my boat and looked over all my goods and sorted them, and taken a survey of my provisions, I found I must soon be in want of the last if I did not forthwith procure a supply. For though I had victualed so well at setting out, and had been very sparing ever since, yet had not been for a great quantity of fish I took and salted in my passage to the gulf, I had been to seek for food much sooner. Here upon I thought it highly prudent to look out before I really wanted. With this resolution I accoutered myself as in my first walk with my instruments and arms, but instead of traveling the lakeside, I went along the wood, and therein found great plenty of diverse kinds of fruits, though I could scarce persuade myself to taste or try the effects of them being so much unlike our own or any I had seen elsewhere. I observed amongst the shrubs abundance of a fruit, or whatever else you may call it, which grew like a ram's horn, sharp at the point next the twig it was fastened to and circling round and round one fold upon another which gradually increased to the size of my wrist in the middle, and then as gradually decreased till it terminated in a point again at the contrary extreme. All which spiral, if it were fairly extended in length, might be a yard or an L long. I surveyed this strange vegetable very attentively. It had a rind or crust, which I could not break with my hand, but taking my knife and making an opening therewith in the shell, there issued out a sort of milky liquor in great quantity to at least a pint and a half, which having tasted I found as sweet as honey and very pleasant. However, I could not persuade myself any more than just to taste it. I then found on the large trees several kinds of fruit like pears or quinces, but most of them exceeding hard and rough and quite disagreeable, so I quitted my hopes of them.  And just like a cream cheese standing upon its edge, these grew so close together that upon the least wind stirring, their heads rattled against each other very musically, for the stalks were so very strong that they would not easily either bend or break. Yet the fanning of the wind upon the broad heads twisting the stalks so as to let the heads strike each other, they made a most agreeable sound. I stood some time admiring this shrub, and then cutting up one of them, I found it weighed about two pounds.  In short, I made diverse other trials of berries, roots, herbs, and what else I could find, but received little satisfaction from any of them for fear of bad qualities. I returned back ruminating on what things I had seen, resolving to take my cart the next walk and bring it home loaded with different kinds of them in order to make my trials thereof at leisure. But my cart being too flat and wanting sides, I considered it would carry very little, and that what it would otherwise bear on that account must tumble and roll off. So I made a fire and turned smith, for with a great deal to do breaking off the wards of a large key I had, and making it red hot, I by degrees fashioned it into a kind of spindle, and therewith making holes quite round the bottom of my cart. In them I stuck up sticks about two feet high that I had tapered at the end to fit them. Having thus qualified my cart for a load, I proceeded with it to the wood, and cutting a small quantity of each species of green, berry, fruit, and flower that I could find, and packing them severly in parcels, I returned at night heavy laden, and held a counsel with myself what use they could most properly be applied to. I had amongst my goods, as I said, a copper kettle which held about a gallon. This I set over my fire and boiled something by turns of every sort in it, watching all the while, and with a stick stirring and raising up one thing and then another, to feel when they were boiled tender, but of upwards of twenty greens which I thus dressed, only one proved eatable, all the rest becoming more stringy, tough, and insipid for the cooking. The one I have accepted was a round, thick, woolly-leafed plant, which boiled tender and tasted as well as spinach. I therefore preserved some leaves of this, to know it again by, and for distinction called it by the name of that herb. I then began upon my fruits of the pear and quince kind, at least eight different sorts, but I found I could make nothing of them, for they were most of them as rough and crabbed after stewing as before, so I laid them all aside. Lastly I boiled my ram's horn and cream cheese, as I called them, together. Upon tasting the latter of these, it was become so watery and insipid, I laid it aside as useless. I then cut the other and tasted the juice, which proved so exceeding pleasant that I took a large gulp or two of it, and tossed it into the kettle again. Having now gone through the several kinds of my exotics, I had a mind to reexamine them after cooling, but could make nothing of any of my greens but the spinach. I tried several berries and nuts too, but save a few sorts of nuts, they were all very tasteless. Then I began to review the fruits, and could find but two sorts that I had any the least hopes from. I then laid the best by, and threw the others away. After this process, which took me up near a whole day, and clearing my house of good for nothings, I returned to reexamine my cheese, that was grown cold, and was now so dry and hard, I could not get my teeth into it, upon which I was going to skim it away out of my grotto, saying, Go thou worthless, for I always spoke aloud my thoughts to myself. I say I was just dispatching it when I checked my hands, and as I could make no impression with my teeth, had a mind to try what my knife would do. Accordingly I began at the edge of the quarter, for I had boiled but a quarter of it, but the rind was grown so hard and brittle, that my knife slipping and raking along the cut edge of it, scratched off some powder as wide as possible. I then scraped it backward and forward some time, till I found it would all scrape away into this powder, except the rind, upon which I laid it aside again for farther experiment. During this review my kettle and ram's horn had been boiling, till hearing it blubber very loud, and seeing there was but little liquor in it, I whipped it off the fire, for fear of burning its bottom, but took no further notice of it till about two hours after. When returning to the grotto I went to wash out my kettle, but could scarce get my ram's horn from the bottom, and when I did, it brought up with it a sort of pitchy substance, though not so black, and several gummy threads hanging to it, drawn out to a great length. I wondered at this, and thought the shell of the ram's horn had melted, or some such thing, till venturing to put a little of the stuff on my tongue, it proved to my thinking as good treacle as I had ever tasted. This new discovery pleased me very much. I scraped all the sweet thing up, and laid it near my grotto in a large leaf of one of the trees, about two feet long and broad in proportion, to prevent its running about. In getting this curiosity out of my kettle, I found in it a small piece of my cheese, which I suppose had been broke off and stirring, and biting it, for it was soft enough, I think it was the most luscious and delicate morsel I ever put into my lips. This unexpected good fortune put me on trying the best of my pears again. So, setting on my kettle with very little water, and putting some of my treacle into it, and two of the best pears quartered, I found, upon a little boiling, they also became an excellent dainty. Having succeeded so well, I was quite ripe for another journey with my cart, which I accordingly undertook, taking my route over the stone bridge, to see what the other side of the lake produced. In traveling through the trees, I met, amongst other things, with abundance of large gourds, which, climbing the trees, displayed their fruit to the height of twenty or thirty feet above the ground. I cut a great many of these, and some very large ones of different hues and forms, which of themselves making a great load, with some few new sorts of berries and greens, were the gathering of that day. But I must tell you, I was almost foiled in getting them home. For coming to my stone bridge, it rose so steep and was so much ruggeder than the grass or wood-ground, that I was at a set upon the first entrance, and terribly afraid that I should either break my wheels or pull off my axle-trees. Hereupon I was forced to unload, and carry my cargo over in my arms to the other side of the bridge. Wither, having then, with less fear but much caution, drawn my cart, I loaded again, and got safe home. I was mightily pleased with the acquisitions of this journey. For now, thought I, I shall have several convenient family utensils. So spent the next day or two in scooping my gourds and cleaning away the pulp. When I had done this, finding the rinds to be very weak and yielding, I made a good fire. And setting them round it at a moderate distance to dry, I went about something else without doors. But alas, my hopes were ill-founded. For coming home to turn my gourds and see how dry they were, I found them all warped, and turned into a variety of uncouth shapes. This put me to a stand. But however, I recovered some pieces of them for use, as the bottom parts of most of them after paring away the sides would hold something, though they by no means answered my first purpose. Well, thought I, what if I've lost my gourds? I have gained experience. I will dry them next time with the guts in, and having stiffened their rinds in their proper dimensions, then try to cleanse them. So next morning, for I was very eager at it, I set out with my cart for another load, and having handed them over the bridge, got safe with them to the grotto. These, by proper management, proved exceedingly valuable to me, answering, in one way or other, the several uses of plates, bottles, pans, and diverse other vessels. I now got a large quantity of the vegetable ram's horn, and filled a great many of the gourds with the treacle it yielded. I also boiled and dried a large parcel of my cheeses, and hung them up for use, for I had now, for some time, made all my bread of the latter, scraping and bruising the flour, and mixing it with my treacle and water.  But I afterwards very much improved it by putting the milky juice of the ram's horn unboiled to my flour in a small quantity, and then baking it on the hearth covered over with embers. This detracted nothing from the sweetness and mellowness of my bread, but made it much lighter than the treacle alone would have done. Finding there was no fear of starving, but so far from it that from day to day I found out something new to add to my repast, either in substantials or by way of dessert, I set me down very well contented with my condition. I had nothing to do but to lay up store against sickness and the dark weather, which, last I expected, would soon be upon me, as the days were now exceeding short. Indeed, though I had now been here six months, I had never seen the sun since I first entered the gulf, and though there was very little rain and but few clouds, yet the brightest daylight never exceeded that of half an hour after sunset in the summertime in England, and little more than just reddened the sky. For the first part of my time here there was but little if any difference between day and night, but afterwards what I might call the night, or lesser degree of light, took up more hours than the greater, and went on gradually increasing as to time so that I perceived total darkness approached, such as I had on board my ship the year before.


These five paintings that I produced in this year and the end of the last year, I produced first time in exterior. My previous work was only in interior and usually it was a laboratory or some sort of corridors or hotel rooms which are fulfilled with wallpapers and this kind of stuff which is all bathrooms and tiles and so this time I choose to go out and to produce work that explains exterior and I choose forest as a first and more as the second for two reasons they are having this fairy tale story behind always you always connect woods and forests and moors with fairy tales but then there is this second reason which is more provocative for me is the idea of sinister part of forest and moors especially moors because moors do give this plain flat ground that you can walk on but then you you can see all sort of stuff from a poison ivy poison all sort of flowers to to see also snakes and other creatures that lives in moors leech and so I use those things for my paintings as well and forest I choose because the forest give this different perspective when you enter into the forest you become something else you are not and any longer human being your your fears are more occupied and your eyes are giving false pictures and so there is a story behind the story so there is a lot of reason why I choose these two elements to be the new part of my painting and of course I stay on on a track with the fear of human fear and I think I always analyze human fear not from the point of view of the victim but always from the point of view who execute her considering the explanations about my paintings I never do give any scripts to be written or understood because I think that everyone who is looking at the painting have his or hers own right to explain in his or her own way so I don't I don't believe that it's necessity to give an explanation extra so whatever you are saying whatever I am saying is for the worst I always believe that it's much better when people are getting the information on their own