A very good evening aspirants and a happy new year. We have a small announcement regarding the third test batch of the pre-storming 2020 program of Shankar IAS Academy. The third test batch is going to start from 8 January 2020 and the admission for the same is currently underway. The pre-storming 2021 of Shankar IAS Academy is the prelims test series for upcoming UPSC preliminary examination 2021. Our pre-storming program is India's first full-fledged artificial intelligence supported preliminary test series. All the required details can be found in the link provided in the description of the video and also in the comment section. With this, let us move on to the news analysis for the date 1st and 2nd January of 2021. These are the list of news articles chosen for today's analysis. It has been provided along with the page numbers of different editions of the newspaper. Now let's start our discussion with this first article. Our first discussion is based on this editorial article in which the author talks about the issues inherent in the abrupt ordinance promulgations by the state and also the misuse of such ordinance-making power of the governor by the state. This editorial article has been written by a former judge of Supreme Court of India. So in today's discussion, let us discuss about the ordinance-making power of the president of India and also the governor of a state. Then we will also discuss the important points mentioned by the author in this regard. Before going further, here note the syllabus relevant to this discussion. The first let us talk about the ordinance-making power of the president and governor. See in India, the central and state legislatures are responsible for lawmaking. Then the central and state governments, they are responsible for the implementation of laws. And then comes the judiciary, which includes Supreme Court, High Courts and Low Courts, and they interpret these laws. But however, know that there are several overlap in the functions and powers of these three institutions. For example, the president has certain legislative and judicial functions also and the legislature can delegate some of its functions to the executive in the form of subordinate legislation. And this is where the ordinance-making power of the president also comes, which is dealt by article 123 of Indian constitution. This article 123 grants the president the powers to promulgate ordinance when either of the two houses of parliament is not in session. That is when the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are not in session. And hence, it is not possible to enact laws in the parliament. That is why there is a need to promulgate ordinance by the president. See here, ordinance means an order or rule and ordinance may relate to any subject that the parliament has the power to legislate on. But conversely, it has also same limitations as the parliament to legislate due to the distribution of powers between the union list, state list and concurrent list. And there are also other limitations which exist with regard to ordinance-making power of the executive, especially the president. Firstly, the president can only promulgate an ordinance when either of the houses of the parliament, that is, Rajya Sabha or Lok Sabha, is not in session. And secondly, the president cannot promulgate an ordinance unless she or he is satisfied that there are circumstances that require taking immediate action. And thirdly, ordinances must be approved by parliament within six weeks of reassembling or the ordinance shall cease to operate. The ordinances will also cease to operate in case resolutions are passed by both the houses disapproving such ordinances. Now, just like the president of India is constitutionally mandated to issue ordinances under Article 123, even the governor of a state can issue ordinances under Article 213. And the governor of a state can issue ordinance under this article when the state legislative assembly or either of the two houses in the state that is having PICAM legislature is not in session. That is, when both the legislative assembly and legislative council are not in session, then the governor of that state can promulgate an ordinance. And here note that the powers of the president and the governors in this regard are broadly comparable. However, the governor cannot issue an ordinance without instructions from the president in these three cases. So, now why this editorial article has been written by author? It is because of a recent ordinance promulgated by the governor of Uttar Pradesh. So, what is the current issue with that ordinance? See, recently UP government through its governor has promulgated an ordinance called as the Uttar Pradesh prohibition of unlawful conversion of religion ordinance 2020. And as per this ordinance, no person shall convert or attempt to convert either directly or otherwise any other person from one religion to another by use or practice of misrepresentation, force, undue influence, coercion, allurement or by any other fraudulent means or even by marriage. So, by use or practice of these, no person shall convert or attempt to convert one person from their religion to another religion. And no person shall also abet, convince or conspire such conversion. Here, abet means aiding. And if a converted person reconverts to the previous religion, then that will not be considered as a conversion under this ordinance. So, what is author's opinion on this UP's ordinance? First, author opines that an ordinance is not actually required to stop a person from indulging in fraudulent or coercive interfaith marriage. This is because according to the author, it can be prevented by the police in the same manner they prevent child marriages. And even if the government is alerted on mass conversions that are taking place, they can be prevented by the police force by invoking existing legal provisions. So, according to the author, the need for immediate action in case of UP ordinance is not understandable. And then author talks about the vagueness of certain provisions in this ordinance. For example, section three of this UP ordinance, it prohibits conversion or attempt to convert any person from one religion to another by coercion or fraud, etc., or by marriage. Here the author is doubtful regarding the provision conversion by marriage. It is because of the vagueness of this provision. Author feels that this provision can be used to prosecute people who willfully desire to get converted to the religion of the other before marriage. So, that means even those who are willingly doing it may also be prosecuted wrongly using this provision. And secondly, if you see section seven of this ordinance, it provides that after receiving information that a religious conversion is designed to take place. And if it appears that the commission of the offense cannot be otherwise prevented, then a police officer is authorized to arrest the person who designed it without orders from a magistrate or even without a warrant. And when a police officer can arrest without a warrant or without an order from a magistrate, then simply this provision can be misused to arrest an innocent boy and his family also. Now, if you take section 12, it talks about the burden of proof. This section says that the burden to prove that the conversion was not on account of coercion, force or by marriage, such burden to prove will be on the person who has caused the conversion. But here author asks that how is it possible to know the mind of the converted person? Because it is only the person who has converted to another religion can answer this question and nobody else can answer whether such a conversion was due to force or by fraud or by use of marriage or not. So based on these lacunes in the ordinance, author states that the ordinance is prone to abuse like intimidation, bullying, arbitrary arrest, etc. And author also criticizes that this ordinance is ill-conceived, over-broad and vague in many respects. So it marks the right to privacy and it violates the right to life, liberty and dignity. And that is why author prescribes some practices to be followed by the government while promulgating an ordinance. Now author has given this suggestion because often when such ordinances are promulgated, they are challenged in court of law. See here should note one important judgment of Supreme Court in 2017 in the case law Krishna Kumar Singh v. State of Bihar in which the Supreme Court held that the satisfaction of president under article 123 and the satisfaction of governor under article 230 regarding the promulgation of ordinance is not immune from judicial review. That means Supreme Court can inquire into the existence of circumstances under which the governor or president was satisfied to promulgate an ordinance. Or simply we can say ordinance making powers can be subjected to judicial review. And this was mandated by Supreme Court because in most of the instances the circumstances that led to the promulgation of such ordinance is not stated by the president or governor when the ordinance is promulgated. So this led to allegations by public of misuse of power and even subsequently many cases were filed in court against the ordinance. So it leads to wastage of the valuable time of the court in searching for the existence of circumstances under which the promulgation of ordinance is made. And that is why author has provided suggestion in this regard where he says that there should be a practice which makes it mandatory for the governor or president to state the circumstances in which the ordinance is promulgated or they should publicly mention the reason for the promulgation of such ordinance. And this can be done by mentioning such reasons in the preamble of that ordinance itself. And for this author suggests that the preamble to any ordinance should state the immediacy for promulgating such ordinance when the legislator is not in session. Now this suggestion of author will be very useful because it would greatly enhance the transparency in legislation and it would also enable the legislators to understand why they were bypassed and why a debate and discussion in the legislature could not be awaited for making that particular law. This can also reduce the lackliness of public going to court to find out the circumstances under which such ordinances are promulgated. So if this suggestion of author is implemented then it will enable transparency in legislation, it will enable accountability and it will also save time and resources. So these are the points that you should know with respect to this editorial. Now let's move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is based on this editorial article which focuses on the estimations of leopard population based on a new report released by the government of India. See recently the status of leopards in India 2018 report was released by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Here you should note that leopard species is listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. It is also listed in Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora that is in Sites and it is also provided highest level of protection in India as it is placed under Schedule 1 of Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. Now what are the findings of this report? It is reported that more than 60 percentage increase in leopard population has been recorded and the states of Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra have recorded the highest leopard estimates and in this the state of Madhya Pradesh has the largest leopard population in India with a leopard population of 3421. It is followed by Karnataka which has a population of 1783 and Maharashtra is in the third place and it has a population of 1690. Now in this editorial article author has pointed out some of the shortcomings of this report. See according to the report the current estimation of leopard in India is found to be 12,852 but other feels that the count is underestimate by at least 40 percentage because according to the author India may have over 20,000 leopards. Now to prove this point it takes into account the areas chosen for study. See the study focused mostly on the forested habitats where tigers are found in comparison with other leopard habitats such as rocky outcrops, smaller dry forests, higher elevation habitats where leopards are known to be found in good numbers because these areas were not part of this exercise. So it clearly depicts that vast stretches of leopard habitats have been excluded from this study and thus it seems to be the key factor for low figures of leopard estimation in our country. Now this gap could have been filled if the study would have included leopard population estimates from other research organizations and from the areas that were not covered by this study. Now next author points out to the claim that leopard numbers have increased by 60 percentage because this claim also needs close analysis. See in 2014 the study for this report estimated a minimum leopard population from 18 different Indian states but in 2018 the study was expanded to 21 states and this shows a spatial increase in the size of the study area by 25 percentage along with this the number of camera trap locations were also increased nearly threefold. Therefore author is of the opinion that comparing both these reports and concluding that there is a 60 percentage increase in leopard population is quite misleading because as you can see this simply means that the 2018 study covered more area and it put in more camera traps to count the leopards which resulted in higher leopard numbers being counted and it does not mean that there is a significant increase in percentage. So these are some of the shortcomings of this report. Now even though India has a considerable population of leopards still India is not a safe place because leopards face many threats such as they are faced with habitat loss due to miding and quarrying. They are subjected to poaching as they are killed for their body parts and sometimes they are also subjected to vehicular collisions which leads to their mortality and there is also retaliatory killing by humans due to the human leopard conflict and sometimes even accidental deaths also occurs due to the trap set for catching wild preys. So with the increased conservation efforts we can really achieve a 60 percentage increase in leopard population rather than just increasing the area of study. With this we come to the end of this discussion now let's move on to the next discussion. Now this news article talks about a new index called as digital payments index. Let us see what is it. It is a composite index to capture the extent of digitization of payments across the country. This index is the measurement of deepening and penetration of digital payments in the country for example the deepening and penetration of paytm, phone, pay, GPA etc. So in short this index wants to capture that how much people use such digital payment options. This index has been constructed by Reserve Bank of India with March 2018 as base period. It means that the changes will be compared with the digitization values that were recorded in March 2018. So now RBA has released DPA values for March 2019 and March 2020. For March 2019 it is 153.47 and for March 2020 it is 207.84. So we can see that is an appreciable growth. This means that there is a growth in the deepening and penetration of digital payments in our country. Now from exam perspective you should note that this index comprises of five broad parameters that enable measurement of deepening and penetration of digital payments in the country over different time periods and these parameters are payment enablers which has been given a weightage of 25 percentage and it includes internet, mobile, Aadhar etc. And the second one is payment infrastructure, demand side factors. It has a weightage of 10 percentage and it includes debit cards, credit cards, fast tags etc. And then comes the payment infrastructure supply side. It has a weightage of 15 percentage and this includes bank branches, ATMs, QR codes etc. The next parameter is the payment performance which has the highest weightage of 45 percentage which has the sub parameters of digital payment systems, volume, then currency and circulation, cash withdrawals etc. And then finally comes the consumer centricity parameter which has the lowest weightage of 5 percentage and it includes awareness and education, declines, frauds etc. So each of these parameters have sub parameters which consist of various measurable indicators. Now this DPI will be published by RBI in its website on a semi-annual basis. That is for every 6 months from March 2021 onwards it will upload this DPI. So that is all you need to know about the digital payments index. Now let's move to the next discussion. Our next discussion is based on these news articles which talk about the laying of foundation stone for lighthouse projects in 6 cities as part of the Global Housing Technology Challenge India. Now this Global Housing Technology Challenge India is an initiative of the Pradhan Mantri Avas Yojna Urban. So in today's discussion let us see about Pradhan Mantri Avas Yojna Urban, about the challenge and also about the lighthouse projects. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. First let us see about Pradhan Mantri Avas Yojna Urban. Here know that Avas in Hindi means accommodation or residence. So that means this is a mission to provide housing for all by the year 2022 and it is being implemented from June 2015. Now under this scheme central assistance is provided to urban local bodies and other implementing agencies through states or union territories and central nodal agencies for providing houses to all eligible families or beneficiaries against the validated demand for houses. See this program was launched with the objective to provide PAKKA house to all eligible beneficiaries of urban India by the year 2022 with the vision of housing for all and under this Yojna a mandatory provision has been made for the female head of the family to be the owner or co-owner of the house and also a basket of options have been adopted to ensure finance and availability of land to more number of people who are depending on their income and these basket of options include these four options. The first one is in situ slum redevelopment. Second is credit linked subsidy scheme. Third one is affordable housing in partnership and fourth one is beneficiary led individual house construction or enhancement. We have given in brief about these options for your reference. You can take note of it. Now who are all eligible under this scheme or who is the beneficiary under the scheme. See under the scheme a beneficiary is defined as a family comprising of husband wife and unmarried children and such beneficiary should not own a PAKKA house either in his or her name or in the name of any member of his or her family in any part of India. Also note that person having PAKKA house less than 21 meter square may be included under enhancement of existing house and the adult earning members irrespective of the marital status are also eligible under the scheme. Here also note that the economically weaker section category of beneficiaries are eligible for assistance in all four verticals of the missions which we just saw but the low income group or middle income group category is eligible under only the CLS's component of the mission. So to improve the pace and quality of work under Prasad Mantri Yawas Yojana Urban and to address the challenges of rapid urban growth it was important to adopt new and innovative construction technologies and also construction of houses at this scale is an opportunity for inviting alternative technologies from across the globe to trigger a major transition and such a major transition can be achieved through the introduction of cutting-edge technologies building materials and processes and therefore the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs conceptualized a global housing technology challenge India or in short GHTC India to enable a paradigm shift in the construction sector and this GHTC India intends to get the best globally available innovative construction technologies through a challenge process. It aims to demonstrate and deliver ready to live in houses in minimum time and minimum cost with high quality of construction in a sustainable manner. This challenge seeks to promote future potential technologies through incubation support and accelerator workshops in order to foster an environment of research and development in the country. In short this GHTC India aims to identify in mainstream a basket of innovative construction technologies from across the globe for housing construction sector and such innovative construction technologies are sustainable eco-friendly and disaster resilient and they are also to be cost-effective and speedier at the same time they should enable quality construction of houses that meets diverse geoclimatic conditions. Here note that this challenge has three components the first component is conduct of grand expo-come conference this will be organized biennially that is once in every two years in India to provide a platform to all stakeholders who are associated with housing construction the second component is identifying proven demonstrable technologies from across the globe and the third component is identifying potential future technologies for incubation and acceleration support through ASHA India here ASHA stands for affordable sustainable housing accelerators this ASHA India provides incubation and acceleration support to potential future technologies that are not yet market ready and also support to the technologies that are market ready now as a part of the component one the ministry of housing and urban affairs conducted the construction technology in 2019 expo-come conference in march 2019 and it provided a platform for all stakeholders involved in innovative and alternative housing technologies to exchange their knowledge and to provide business opportunities and as a result of this more than 60 technology providers from 25 countries exhibited their innovative technology in the expo and subsequently certain proven technology providers were shortlisted and they were invited to plan and construct the lighthouse projects within the framework of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana urban on six cities across the country so what are these lighthouse projects these are model housing projects with houses built with shortlisted alternate technologies that are suitable to the geoclimatic and hazard conditions of the region and these projects will demonstrate and they will deliver ready to live houses with speed economy and with better quality of construction in a sustainable manner so the period of construction in lhps is maximum 12 months from the date of handing over off sites to the construction agency after all statutory approvals now these lighthouse projects will serve as live laboratories for different aspects of transfer of technologies to field applications such as planning design production of components construction practices testing etc so these live laboratories will be helpful for both faculty and students builders professionals of private and public sectors and other stakeholders who are involved in such construction so in short the lhps showcase the best of new age alternate global technologies materials and processes in the construction sector for the first time in the country at such a large scale now just now we saw that certain proven technology providers were shortlisted to plan and construct lhps on six sites across the country and these six sites are indoor in madhya pradesh rajkot in gujarat chennai in tamil nadu ranche in jharkhand agarthala in tripura and lakhnau in uttar pradesh and this is where the foundation stone for these projects were laid down by the prime minister which was the news and these projects comprise of about thousand houses at each location along with allied infrastructure facilities these projects will showcase the use of six distinct shortlisted innovative technologies for field-developed application learning and replication and these are the six shortlisted technologies here also note that the minimum size of houses constructed under lhp should be in accordance with the prevailing guidelines of pradhanam tri avas yajna urban and also the constructed housing under lhp will include on-site infrastructure development also such as internal roads pathways common green area boundary wall water supply sewage drainage etc etc and this is where this news article which appeared in chennai edition mentions that the project in chennai also includes social amenities such as ration shop two anganwadi centers a library a milk booth and six shops then sewage treatment plant and an electrical substation therefore the project aims to provide all the amenities that is required for a residence you may ask how will the construction will be completed within 12 months it will be completed because the lighthouse projects also have incentives see the technology providers who are successfully completing the construction of lhps within the stipulated months period of contract they will be awarded 20 000 us dollars each and if they complete the lhps in less than 12 months a further incentive for early completion is provided and they will receive an incrementally higher bonus of 2000 us dollars for each month less than this stipulated period of 12 months that means if they completed in 10 months they will receive this 2000 us dollars for two months so this incentive will also encourage the technology providers to construct the project successfully and in a speedy manner so these are some of the points that you should know with respect to the lighthouse projects global housing technology challenge india and also about pradhan mantri avas yoshina urban now let's move on to the next discussion our next discussion is based on these two news articles which talk about the end of iuc regime now this news article is from yesterday's paper and this editorial is from today's paper so in this context let us first understand what is this interconnection uc charge or iuc who are going to benefit from this ending of iuc regime and what should be the future of mobile communications the syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for a reference firstly understand that iuc or interconnection uc charge is the charge payable by a service provider whose subscriber originates they call this charge is payable to the service provider in whose network they call terminates for example if a geo customer makes a call to etel customer then geo will pay iuc to etel now the network operator on whose network they call actually terminates like in this example in etel the call terminates and here etel carries the call on its network to its customers so this requires an infrastructure investment such as network towers customer care etc so this iuc ensures operators to make appropriate investments to carry voice calls without terminations and thus iuc is a main source of income for telecom companies now the iuc of voice calls is regulated by tri that is telecom regulatory authority of india and in 2017 iuc has been fixed at six paisa per minute and this was enforced until 31st december 2020 see here you should note that initially tri has announced that from first january 2020 that is last year there will be zero termination charge this means each network will have to agree to terminate calls from other network at no charge this is also called as bill and keep regime or net payment zero regime but later it was postponed to first january 2021 that is yesterday so at that time reliance geo announced that it was compelled to recover interconnection uc charges of six paisa per minute from customers that means geo customers had to pay additional charges for making call to other networks like etel so now since this iuc regime has ended geo has announced that it has also stopped charging iuc from its customers from yesterday so in this regard author suggests what should be focus of service providers now in this editorial author says that as they need to monitor call termination data and make iuc payments no longer exist and there is also a spectrum auction scheduled this year so the focus of service providers like geo etel vodafone etc should shift to giving the users a better deal that is they should provide reliable call quality and competitive tariffs as you are aware india has high density telecom market and it is expected for further growth because we are awaiting the expansion through 5g and internet connected devices but despite this the economic survey of 2019 to 20 pointed out that there is intense competition which has reduced the number of private players because in 2015 there were around seven to eight major service providers but currently we are left with only three to four major service providers like bsnl geo etel etc and mostly this intense competition affects the public sector operators like bsnl and mtnl as they still face a challenge and their future is not certain yet so effort should be put to improve the technological capabilities and service levels of public sector operators we are saying this because for example even now bsnl customers are awaiting 4g so if this scenario persists then obviously customers will move on to other private players who are providing better technological options now on the other hand there has also been the rise in 4g subscribers from 2017 to 2019 it is to be noted that india had 196.9 million subscribers of 4g in september 2017 and this was increased to 517.5 million 4g subscribers in june 2019 but even then only 40 percentage are on 4g networks others are still in slower 2g or 3g networks now since now the ioc has ended it should spur an expansion of high capacity networks going beyond 2g and 3g because even today etel is offering 2g services in villages while geo is exclusively 4g in all areas so all network providers should upgrade their networks completely to high speed networks like 4g and there is also an issue that in the recent days the executives of etel and vodafone idea has said that only higher tariffs can ensure the health of telecoms so in this regard tri must make decisions cautiously for consumer welfare through adequate choice affordable tariff and quality service now since india is a mass market for voice and data services which fuel the digital economy it becomes crucial to achieve the aspirations of digital india and better adoption of digital payments affordability and providing quality service in this regard as a conclusion author worries that higher tariffs and badly priced spectrum could lead to auction failures and when there is a lack of genuine competition then it will also hamper the growth of next big wave of telecoms like 5g technologies actually we have already discussed about auction of spectrums and how high prices of spectrum have led to failure of auctions in the past on our 22nd december indian analysis you can view that analysis for more understanding in this topic with this we have come to the end of this discussion well let's move on to the next discussion now we have come to the last session the practice questions discussion look at this question with reference to the ordinance making power of president of india and governors of state consider the following statements statement one president can promulgate an ordinance when either of the two houses of parliament is in session but the governor can promulgate an ordinance only when the state legislature is not in session the statement is incorrect the president and governors can only promulgate ordinances when either of the two houses of parliament in case of union and state legislatures in case of states respectively are not in session now look at the second statement Ordinance is promulgated by the President and Governors must be approved by Parliament and the respective State Legislature within six months of reassembling or they shall cease to operate. Now this statement is also incorrect because it is six weeks not six months. Now here the question asks for the incorrect statements. Since both the statements are incorrect, the correct answer to this question is option C both 1 and 2. Now this next question is a two statement question. Last statement is interconnection usage charge is the charge payable by a service provider whose subscriber originates the call to the service provider in whose network the call terminates. This statement is correct. Now second statement is from January 2021 the bill and keep system has been replaced with IUC system. Now this statement is incorrect because it is the other way around. The IUC system has been replaced by the bill and keep system. Now here the question asks for the correct statements. Now here the statement one is the correct statement. So the correct answer to this question is option A one only. Now this next question is based on the findings of status of leopards in India 2018 report. First statement is leopard population has increased in tiger reserves in Uttar Pradesh and the Terai areas of Uttarakhand when compared to the previous estimates. This statement is correct. This is one of the findings of this report. The second statement is the state of Madhya Pradesh had the largest leopard population in India. Now this statement is also correct. Madhya Pradesh was followed by Karnataka and then comes Maharashtra. Here the question asks for the correct statements and both the statements are correct. So the correct answer is option C both one and two. Now this next question is based on digital payments index. First statement is it is a composite index to capture the extent of digitization of payments across the country. Now this statement is correct about this index. Now second statement is it is released on a semi annual basis by the economic intelligence unit. Now this statement is incorrect because it is released by Reserve Bank of India and here the question asks for the incorrect statements. So the correct answer to this question is option B two only. Now here you can take note of a similar index released by economic intelligence unit which is the inclusive internet index. It is commissioned by Facebook and it is conducted by economist intelligence unit. It seeks to measure the extent to which the internet is not only accessible and affordable but also how it is relevant to all. And then there is also a digital adoption index released by World Bank and we also have a global fintech adoption index by Ernst and Young. Now let us take one main question based on GS paper two. What do you understand by lighthouse projects? Discuss their importance in the light of the need for adoption of new and innovative construction technologies to address the challenges of rapid urban growth. You have to answer this question in 150 words. You can write the answer and post it in the comment section. With this we have come to the end of today's Sindhu News Analysis. If you like the video don't forget to like, comment and share. And do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel for more updates related to civil service examination preparation.


Today, we are going to discuss homosexuality from a new angle, but before we do so, we need to agree on a common terminology and then we'll need to get rid of a few persistent stubborn myths, perpetuated, propagated, or else by self-styled experts online. Start with the terminology. Sex is determined by one's genitalia, reproductive organs, and other secondary sex signs in the body. Sex, therefore, is corporeal, it's bodily. Gender, however, is socially and culturally determined, it's a construct, it's performative, it's acquired mostly via imitation and education and acculturation and socialization. So when we talk about sex, there are males and females. When we talk about genders, gender, there is men and women, and they are not coterminous. You could have any set of genitalia and be a man or masculine.  So the correlation between your body and your gender, your sex and your gender is very high because society and culture condition us to associate sexuality and gender role or gender functioning, but it doesn't have to be this way.  Lesbianism is homosexuality in females.   Now homosexuality is not the same as homoromanticism, homoromanticism is the romantic attraction to the same sex. You could be homosexual, sexually attracted to the same sex, but heteroromantically attracted to the opposite sex. This absolutely can and does happen.  This does not imply, homosexuality does not imply automatically any specific gender role nor does it mean that there is also homoromanticism, it's a very fluid area as you can see. Now to the myths, myth number one, refrigerator mothers cause autism, dead mothers in the metaphorical sense, absent, depressed, selfish, etc. etc. That is nonsense, autism is a neurological condition, I'm not sure if it's neurodegenerative in any sense or neurodivergent, but it definitely has to do with the neurological system and the brain, especially the brain. So if you want to use value laden terms or judgmental terms, you could say that this is an abnormality of the brain. If not, you can say that the autistic person is not neurotypical. By whichever the case may be, autism has nothing to do with bed parenting, upbringing or any of these 1950s nonsense. Similarly, homosexuality has nothing to do with strong mothers and weak, absent fathers. This has been debunked decisively, even in the psychoanalytic literature where this nonsense has started, pernicious nonsense. There's a guy called Issaay, read his work, this is totally debunked. Homosexuality has nothing to do with family background, parental performance, gender roles of the parents, none of this. Homosexuality is biologically determined. It doesn't mean that homosexuality doesn't have a psychological side, everything has a psychological side, even diabetes, even cancer, even tuberculosis, even COVID-19, they all have a psychological side because we are composite organisms. We have our biology and we have our psychology, which is the way we perceive some biological processes inside ourselves, the way we introspect. But the cause, the etiology of homosexuality is almost 100% biological, so forget all the nonsense about weak mothers, absent fathers, strong mothers, hateful fathers, forget all these nonsense. This is 100 years old, these are 100 years old myths that have been long thrown into the garbage can of history. Next, there is no such thing, at least we couldn't prove that there is such a thing, as contagion. Homosexuality is not contagious, transgenderism is not contagious, not socially and not in any other way. The few studies that have kind of peered into this topic, the few studies that try to ascertain the existence or non-existence of contagion found that there is no such thing.  In the early editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, removed in 1973 and 4, from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, never to make an appearance again.  These are biological kind of causes or biological antecedents of a state of mind, we will come to it a bit later. Freud himself stated, recognition of the organic factor in homosexuality does not relieve us of the obligation of studying the psychic processes connected with its origin. I beg to disagree with Freud and psychoanalysis on this. Now, I have been repeatedly accused of overhyping psychoanalysis, psychodynamic theories and object relations theories, which are, according to self-styled armchair experts, passe. There's no such thing as passe in psychology. Some things are valid, some things are not valid, regardless of when they've been described. Some has been described in 1869, it's still very much valid. So and it is also not true that I'm exclusively focused on these schools of thought in psychology. You can find on my channel videos about internal family system, social learning, neuroscience and the latest cutting edge, the bleeding edge. So in this particular case of homosexuality, I am completely at odds with all the psychoanalytic literature bar none. I think they got it wrong. I think they're prejudiced. I think they were under the influence, not of alcohol maybe, but for example social mores and conventions. I think they didn't do their homework. All their observations are speculations, they're not based on any studies, they're not based on any database of objective information. And so psychoanalysis is a really, really bad source for understanding homosexuality. It's a theology and it's development and I'm most definitely not going to refer to any writing of Freud's or others on psychoanalysis well into the 1970s and 1980s casting homosexuality as a deviance or a perversion or what have you. Now we all start life as pansexual at a very early age before the onset of sexual differentiation.  We are undifferentiated.  We could become heterosexual. We could become homosexual. No one knows.  We create a single nucleus, a single core, which is at the same time feminine and masculine.  And then what happens? We differentiate.  They prevail. They're manifested. And the rest remain repressed, latent.  And the other propensity, the other half, the other potential, the other possibility is repressed, becomes latent. So when you ask, is he a latent homosexual? Of course he is. Everyone is. Is he a latent heterosexual? Of course he is. Everyone is. And that includes gays. So everyone is everything at the same time. It's just that one mode is dominant and the other is recessive. One mode is occult, hidden, and one mode prevails and is manifested. And this is not an osological effect. This is not only about classification or taxonomy. This is real. I read you something from Freud, which I do agree with. I told you that I mostly disagree with psychoanalysis when it comes to homosexuality. But Freud has written something very advanced from the age in his unfortunately named essay, The Sexual Aberrations. Freud wrote that many homosexuals find homosexuality to be natural to them, while other homosexuals rebel against it and consider it pathological. Homosexuality may persist throughout life. It may go into temporary remission, be covert or overt. It may be a detour in the path of normal development. It may appear late in life after a long period of apparently heterosexual activity. And there may be oscillations between its overtness and covertness. Freud also mentioned that a distressing or traumatic experience may lead one, especially women, into homosexual activity. He noted that many homosexuals assert that they could never remember any attachment to the opposite sex from their earliest years. But Freud mentioned that perhaps these individuals had only repressed their positive heterosexual feelings, that is, Freud's prejudice and turn of the century Vienna.  So Freud covered the entire spectrum of the manifestations of the battle between homosexuality and heterosexuality in every human being. In all of us, male or female, these orientations duke it out until one of them takes over and the other one is put to sleep. This is known as latency.  Which is why it is not safe for your wife to have a gay friend, apropos my previous much contested video. Ok, just kidding. Next. In my new work, I am putting an emphasis on the concept of othering, concept which was central to Lacan's work. Remember one of my previous videos, you can find links in the description to my previous videos about othering. In one of my previous videos I made clear that the other, the presence of the other, another person, object, it's known as object in psychology, which tells you a lot about psychology, anyhow. The presence of the other triggers you and then actualizes your potentials interactively. You see you have a potential to emote, you have a potential to feel an emotion, you have a potential to think something, cognitions, you have a potential to express your emotions in a highly specific way, effects, you have a potential to behave in a variety of ways, even your unconscious primary processes are triggered somehow. So when you are confronted with another human being, with another person, when another person enters your territory, your turf, your ambit, your remit, when you are in the presence of someone else, this triggers you, it triggers you to actualize some of your potentials, it triggers you to actualize specific potential emotions, it triggers you to experience them, then to express them effectively, to think in a highly specific manner, which is responsive to the presence of the other, to behave in ways which are reactive to the other's behaviors, etc. etc. So you could conceive of other people as catalysts. They catalyze in you reactions, they generate them in you, actually Lacan went as far as saying that the unconscious is an internalization of other people. Other people are your unconscious and in object relations theory, everything is relational, definitely some of the mental health disorders defined in the ICD and the DSM are relational. Like opathy for example, antisocial personality disorder, but its very name antisocial demonstrates that it is a relational, socially determined behavior. So other people are critical, they control your internal space, they make it happen in many ways. Now when this triggering by other people becomes overwhelming, we get autism. Autistic person is the avoidance of others and the avoidance of the process of other ring. Other ring is the recognition of the existence of other people as external and separate entities, autonomous, agentic, self-efficacious, independent. This is other ring. The autistic person is incapable of other ring because he or she is overwhelmed with stimuli coming from other people. They avoid autistic people, avoid other ring. Same by the way applies to borderline personality disorder people. Okay, but today's focus is homosexuality.  Sexual identity emerges in early childhood and it undergoes two processes. Process number one is integration. Process number two is differentiation, not necessarily in this order.  In short, to develop an integrated and differentiated sexual identity, you need to be exposed to objects. You need to be exposed to other people.  Sexual identity is a complex construct, is a hyper construct. It includes emotions, cognitions, behaviors, and so on and so forth. So you need other people to trigger this potential in you. Freud and others, many others, went as far, the psychoanalytic school and the object relation school went as far as saying that other people determine your sexual identity out of the field of all potential sexual identities.  So if you're exposed to one group of people, you're likely to develop sexual identity A. If you're exposed to another setup, another combination, another dynamic between people, you're likely to develop sexual identity B. So they went, they took it to extremes. I disagree. I think sexual identity is a potential, of course, because you remember, in early childhood we are all pansexual. In early childhood we possess all possible sexual identities as potentials. And yes, other people, the presence of other people, the behaviors of other people, the emotions of other people, interactions with other people, especially important other people like mother and father and role models and teachers and peers, they to some extent determine your sexual identity, but not which sexual identity rather than how sexual identity.  How would you act as heterosexual? Sexual screeds in some societies and cultures homosexuality is frowned upon or even criminalized. So obviously the presence of other people has a massive impact on the latency of homosexuality, the expression of homosexuality or the expression of heterosexuality. So I agree that sexual identity, the processes of selection of sexual identity out of the sea, the sea of possible potentials, the process of integrating various elements into a single heterosexual identity or homosexual identity, and then the process of differentiating, choosing that identity and becoming that identity. So I agree that all these processes are largely triggered from the outside by other people. The process of othering is at work here as well. It is by othering or through othering or via othering that we become the sexual beings that we are. Similar to other fields of life, how we emote, how we think cognition, cognitive functioning, all these are determined by outsiders, by the outside, by other people. Because sexual identity is not an exception, it is the outcome of othering. If there is a problem with othering, then there would be a problem. In a monopoly of functionalities, there would be a problem in emoting, there would be a problem with empathy, there would be a problem with cognition, and there would be, with attention, and there would be a problem with sexual identity. Another thing is the defining crucial process for the emergence of a self. Maybe not a self, maybe an assemblage of self-states, the model doesn't matter. For the emergence of you, for you to become, you need to interact with other people. In the absence of other people, you never become, you never finalize, you are work in progress.  They do not determine whether you'll be homosexual. That is determined by your biology. That is, by the way, proven absolutely beyond any doubt. Forget all the rest of the nonsense, homosexuality is biological. So that is determined by your biology.  How are you going to function as a homosexual? What would be the outward manifestations of your homosexuality? Your emotionality, or hyper, or hippo-emotionality, your cognitive processes functioning, all these are determined by others. So your homosexuality is a biological template, but the way it manifests and is expressed is determined by the environment, the human environment. Similar to genetics, genes are templates and they are expressed by being exposed to the environment. This is the science of epigenetics. Okay, what happens when there is a disruption or failure in the formation of sexual identity? When there is what you could call sexual identity diffusion or sexual identity disturbance. What are these things, first of all? There are forms of narcissistic, othering failures. When the child is not allowed to other, when the child is not allowed to interact with other people, when the child, for example, is not allowed to separate from mother and become an individual, separation, individuation, the process of othering is disrupted. The child never transitions from narcissistic investment in the self, also known as narcissistic libido. The child never emerges from narcissistic object choice in the sexual sense to other object choice, to object libido. So if the child is not allowed to practice othering, if the child is not allowed to regard other people as external and separate and potentially threatening, by the way, it's a very traumatic experience. If the child is not allowed to go through this, he's not encouraged by a mother who is a safe base, good enough mother and later on in life father. If they discourage the child from taking on the world, exploring it, confronting reality, however bruising and painful it may be, then the child fails to develop othering skills and capacities. He is incapable to other people. He's incapable of regarding other people as other people. He converts them into internal objects as a defensive mechanism. I go into that in my shared fantasy videos. Have a look at the shared fantasy playlist.  This is known as auto-erotism. So this kind of child will fail to develop an integrated and differentiated sexual identity. He will develop a kaleidoscope of sexual identities and will keep oscillating between them, rotating, experimenting, but never really settling into a single or inclusive, mutually exclusive sexual identity.  And in this case, there's no integrated or differentiated sexual identity. This is a point where I strongly differ from classic psychoanalytic theories. From her, for example, suggested that object choice, the object we choose to have sex with, the other person, is not about who we love, but about how we love the object. So he said, narcissistic object choice is not about who we love ourselves, but about how we love. I completely disagree. It is about both. It's about both who we love and how we love. The narcissist is incapable of loving another person. He is incapable of having object relations because he's incapable of othering the object. Not perceive an external object as either external or separate. He cannot other the object. Therefore, can definitely never have an object choice which is external to himself. The narcissist chooses himself as the exclusive object choice. And this, of course, is a major determinant of narcissistic object libido.  Similarly, I disagree with Freud, 1905, when he wrote, it seems probable that the sexual instinct is in the first instance the independent of its object. Sorry, allow me to repeat. Freud wrote, it seems probable that the sexual instinct is in the first instance independent of its object, nor is its origin likely to be due to the object's attraction. Not true, I disagree. The sexual instinct is shaped into a sexual orientation via object exposure and object choice, a process of othering. It is totally relational. It's raw material. So in this sense, I disagree that there is some sexual instinct which is well defined and clear and so on, but it is independent of any object out there. It's totally self-contained. No, I don't think so. Even when the child, the infant, is its own sexual object, there is a process of othering. The process of othering in very, very early childhood leads to the formation of the self. The self is perceived as the other. The early child in a symbiotic bond with his mother, when the self emerges, the child perceives the self as a third party, not me, not mommy. Who is this thing? What is this thing? The child others the self. At the very beginning, the child has a traumatic relationship with the nascent self because he doesn't perceive the self as his self. He doesn't understand or realize that the self that is emerging is himself. So even when the child is sexually affected emotionally and sexually invested in himself as the sole sexual object, there is still a process of othering. Even, I would say, alienation and estrangement to the initial phase. Homosexuality is about object choice. It's a failure of othering. It is not only a narcissistically-bidinal investment. One could even argue that it is not at all a narcissistically-bidinal investment. It's a failure to other, other people. When the child fails to perceive other people as others, as external, as separate, as unique, as distinguishable, as out there, the child then reverts to himself. The child says, there are no others. Everyone is just a clone of me. There are 8 billion clones of me or 4 billion clones of me. So from that moment on, the homosexual relation, homosexuality, the investment, the catechism, it's all with oneself, via the mediation of someone who looks like you. So it is true that there is narcissistically-bidinal investment, but that's not the core problem. Because all humanity, all human beings go through a narcissistically-bidinal investment phase. Not everyone is homosexual. In homosexuality, there's no sexuality. It's not only a problem of narcissistically-bidinal investment. It's a failure of othering.    And you can't other people. You can't perceive them as others. And so you would be having sex with yourself via the agency of another body. The object in homosexuality is not loved only on account of its similarity of what the subject is, once was, or hopes sometime to become. It's not only the similarity that's a problem here.  Here's an external, separate object that looks like me. I would like to have sex with him or with her. It's not the case here.  There is a process of identification, internalization, and incorporation of the sexual object. Now, this is not the same as narcissistic libidinal catexes or narcissistically libidinal investment. No, it's not the same. In narcissistically libidinal catexes or narcissistically libidinal investment, the child is erotically and sexually attracted to his self, to himself. He doesn't make a distinction.    So it's not that there is a confusion here which creates narcissistically libidinal catexes. I'm in love with myself. I'm sexually attracted to myself. No, it's not the case here. It's not really about similarity, too.   He also cannot perceive the sex object as other, as someone else. It's kind of a twilight zone. Here's someone that looks exactly like me, reminds me of myself in some ways. But I know he's not me. But I also can perceive him or her as external to me, as separate from me. It's a kind of merger and fusion, automatic, instant sexual merger and fusion. Like heterosexuality, homosexuality is unaclytic. It's dependent on an external object to provide what the subject cannot himself be. It's only that in homosexuality, the external object is not perceived as external. It's perceived as an extension, as an instrument, as an internal object. It's in this sense, it is narcissistic. In this limited sense of inability to other, the failure of othering, homosexuality is narcissistic. But it's not libidinally narcissistic. It's not the misperception of the other, of the sex partner, of the sex object as myself. There's no such mistake here. It is unaclytic, homosexuality is unaclytic. It's like looking for someone who can make me happy, looking for someone who can please me sexually, looking for someone who can give me something I don't have.  There is a realization of dependency upon an agent, however not othered, however not external and not separate. And so there is a dependence on the object for providing what the subject cannot provide. In the case of heterosexuality, the object, the sex object provides otherness. One of the main reasons for sexual arousal is the otherness of the partner. When you perceive the partner, the sexual partner, as not you, it's very sexually arousing. Otherness is a critical stimulant a frodisiac, if you wish, in proper healthy sexual relations. So in the case of heterosexuality, the external separate sexual object provides otherness, which of course you can never provide. You cannot be other. You cannot be other. Someone else needs to be other to you. In the case of homosexuality, the external object is not perceived as external. The separate object is not perceived as separate, but it is perceived as sexual. So it provides an integrated and differentiated sexual identity. The homosexuality is an othering failure. Consequently, homosexuals fail to generate an integrated and differentiated sexual identity which is triggered by other people.   It's as if in homosexuality, you need two.  In a heterosexual, the sexual identity is self-generating, self-assembling. It does not depend at all on the presence of another person, although it is activated by the presence of another person. In a homosexual, the very existence of a sexual identity is engendered, created by the presence of another person and activated by the presence of another person. You could say simply that in homosexuality, the sexual identity is dormant, latent, which would explain perhaps why homosexuals have been found in studies to be a lot more promiscuous and a lot more sexually active than heterosexual.  It's the only way they could feel alive if you want sexually. The other person is not othered. The homosexual cannot perceive the sexual partner as separate or distinct or unique.  It would also explain why homosexuality is identity politics while heterosexuality is not.  Many homosexuals self-define via their homosexuality. And it has nothing to do with being oppressed because this happens in Scandinavia and the East Coast in the United States or California where there's no longer oppression of homosexuals, well mostly. So it's not a reaction to social oppression. It's, I think, much more deep. I think homosexuals need other homosexuals to reawaken their sexual identity, activate it and act on it. And so they consume each other in sexual encounters just to maintain a continuance or continuity of sexual identity, whereas heterosexuals don't need this. Now is this pathological? No, I'm not describing this as a pathology. I'm describing this as a failure in the process of othering because when you other people effectively, when you are able to perceive other people as separate from you, distinct from you, not you. Yes, this is the process of othering when there's you and not you. In this case, you're not reliant on other people to be you. Other people cannot tell you to be you. There's you and not you. Othering implies that other people are not you and can never ever be you.  When othering fails, for example, in narcissism, you are critically dependent on other people in order to be you.  And yet, you're critically dependent on other people, but you cannot perceive them as separate, external, and other. The continued failure of othering leads to repetition compulsion. You need to do it again and again and again and again because you cannot other people. You cannot other other people. You cannot perceive other people as external and separate. You need to continue to interact with people all the time. In the hope, perhaps, that one day you will be able to other them, which never happens, but is homosexuality really a disturbance in othering? Is it a disturbance in the emergence of sexual identity, integrated and differentiated? I think it is, but to be a lot more precise, I think there's no differentiation failure in homosexuality because homosexuality, homosexuals know that they're homosexuals. That's differentiation for you. I think there's a failure of integration. Homosexuality is an immature, integrated sexual identity, which has been differentiated but not integrated. In the initial phase, when we are all pansexuals, we start by differentiating. So, okay, we are all pansexuals. Now let's see, actually I think I'm heterosexual. So then, differentiation is a break in the system. Initially, the system includes homosexuality and heterosexuality. The system initially, up to age three, four years, the system initially is pansexual. Then differentiation sets in and breaks the system. Now you're heterosexual. But no one can survive with a broken system, psychological. So, we have to reintegrate the parts.  If we start off as pansexuals, and then we differentiate as heterosexuals, we now have a broken system. We are heterosexuals, but what to do with our homosexual parts? So then we need to build the hyper structure. We need to build a building, a structure where the upper floors, the visible floors, the public-facing floors are heterosexual. And the basement is occupied by our abandoned homosexuality. And this process is integration. I think homosexuals differentiate as homosexuals, but then fail to integrate, because integration is crucially dependent on othering. Integration is almost totally relational. Integration has to do with the ability to interact with other people in a way that informs you about, for example, society. Societal expectations, mores, conventions, sexual scripts, and so on. Socialization and acculturation are critical to integration. If you as a child fail to other, if you as a child were not allowed to perceive other people as not you, is separate from you. If you are not allowed to separate from money and to individuate, if you were not allowed to be in touch with reality, mother was overprotective, father was overprotective, then you as a child don't acquire the skills to regard other people as out there, separate, external. And you are then incapable of learning anything from them. The whole process of socialization and acculturation, these processes fail, they collapse.  He then differentiates, it becomes homosexual, or she becomes homosexual. But what to do with the abandoned heterosexuality? Only the environment, the human environment can tell you what to do with it. And if you are not capable of recognizing that there's anyone except you, that there's anyone out there, that there are entities that are not you, if you're incapable of this, you will never be able to integrate. And so the homosexual's sexuality is differentiated, but not integrated. And so the only way for the homosexual to experience sexual identity is via others, by merging and fusing with others, even if for one night.  He can now integrate it, if only for a few minutes, or for a few hours. He can integrate it via the gaze of the sexual partner. The homosexual perceives himself or herself through the gaze of the partner. And in this sense, it is a shared fantasy. The failure to integrate is biology, not psychology. In the case of pathological narcissism, the othering failure is the outcome of upbringing and so on, the same with homosexuality, but homosexuality itself is a reaction to othering failure, is a biological reaction. It's predisposition, it's predisposed, genetic, hormonal, and so on. It's not the case with narcissism. Now, I mentioned that the othering of sexual objects, kind of object relations. When we other sexual objects, I see a beautiful woman. I say, wow, she's not me. It's very attractive that she's not me. You know, I'll go for it. I'm aroused, when I'm doing this, I other the sexual object. I perceive the sexual object as not me, as other. So the othering of sexual object is modeled on an integrated and differentiated sexual identity, as I've explained. In the absence of such an identity, it is not possible to other sexual objects, as I've again explained. The homosexual merges, fuses, or internalizes and introjects his intimate partner, converts the sexual partner into a kind of internal object, plays with the intimate partner, as if it were some kind of an object inside. So when the formation of differentiated sexual identity is disrupted, there is one set of consequences. And when the formation of an integrated sexual identity is disrupted, the result is another. Let me focus on this. When the formation of a differentiated sexual identity is disrupted, when you're not allowed as a child to choose between homosexuality and heterosexuality. And for discussion's sake, we'll assume that these are the only two options in the puns sexual menu. And they are not the others, that's okay. If you're not allowed to choose from that menu, so your sexual identity does not become differentiated. It is disrupted at the phase of differentiation. The result is auto-erotism. You give up on all others. Your world becomes devoid of others.  It leads to an inability to other sex objects, to relate to them as external, separate, incapacity and incapacity to actualize intentional directional emotions, affects, cognitions and behaviors. A disruption in the differentiation phase does not lead to homosexuality as psychonautic literature implies. It leads to permanent fixated auto-erotism without any objects, masturbation, lifelong masturbation, or using objects in a way that deanimates them somehow, renders them non-functional, non-workable. That is a disruption in the differentiation phase. That's not homosexuality. Homosexuality is far more advanced than this. That's why I'm saying homosexuality is not strictly narcissistically bidinal investment. No way. Homosexuality does involve object choice.  The homosexual fails to integrate the rejected part of his pansexuality with the dominant emerging part of his pansexuality. He fails to integrate in short his chosen sexual identity, which is homosexuality, sexual orientation, which is homosexuality. He fails to integrate it with the rejected part, which is his heterosexuality.  So he needs other people to accomplish this and he needs them in a frenetic pace. He needs them on a constant basis. He needs, in short, external regulation, but it's not the regulation of emotions as is the case with borderline personality disorder. It's not the regulation of a sense of self-worth, which is the case with narcissists. It's a regulation of a sexual identity, the feeling that you have a clear differentiated, integrated sexual identity that you're at peace with, you're egosyntonic with, and defines you completely. To achieve this, to accomplish this, the homosexual requires sexual partners. That's not the case with heterosexual. It is, to some extent, the case with somatic narcissists. So narcissism and homosexuality have so many superficial similarities that led great thinkers, Freud included, to mistake, to conflate the two mistakenly. They're not the same. Apropos auto-erotism.   You're auto-sexual. This is known as erotic target identity inversion in the literature. You're auto-sexual. So in the pansexual menu, there's also auto-sexuality.  There are no others. Not as a homosexual, not as a heterosexual. That's why I'm saying homosexuality is a much more advanced stage. Autosexuals are auto-erotic, but only a minority of auto-erotics are also auto-sexual. You could be auto-erotic and homosexual. You could be auto-erotic and heterosexual. Auto-erotism is not necessarily pathological if it doesn't take over, if it doesn't become the dominant activity or the dominant type. If it does, then you're auto-sexual. Auto-erotism finds expression not only via sex, but via different activities.  And I think it's a problem with othering because the homosexual cannot other people, cannot regard people as other. He keeps choosing sexual partners which resemble him, himself, which look exactly like himself because he needs to complete himself. He needs to somehow reach a point where his identity is integrated. So it's more a problem of othering than a problem of auto-erotism or narcissistic investment or whatever.  That is auto-erotic, but it's not necessarily also narcissistic. So we need to be very, very careful. I think that in the case of incest, narcissism is more dominant, way more dominant than in the case of homosexuality. Now gender dysphoria, transvestism, auto-gynephilia, autopedophilia and similar parapherias, they're all auto-erotic. So auto-erotism is a dominant feature of sexual life and if it persists into adulthood, sometimes leads to parapherias, to sexual deviances and so on. Now, in everything I've just said, fantasy plays a major role. Remember this, as a general rule, the classic defense against othering failures is fantasy. When you fail to other yourself, when yourself fails to develop, you end up without an ego, your internal structures are disrupted and chaotic and disorganized. It's a failure of othering the self. It's a pathology. When you fail to other people, when you don't regard them as separate or external not you, it's a pathology. Othering failures are pathologies. Severe pathologies, possibly the most severe. I think psychosis is a major othering failure. The major other, the epitome and quintessence of othering failure and othering failure would be psychosis. So the defense against all these is fantasy. It's an attempt to compensate for these othering deficiencies by othering oneself or by othering internal objects. When you other yourself, yourself not as a self, not the construct of the self, but you other your existence.  When you're analysis, you perceive your intimate partner as an idealized internal object. In all these cases, there is an othering of the internal object. When you fail to other external objects, you compensate by othering internal object objects, including yourself. The self is an external object.  Othering internal objects is a great definition of fantasy. The failure of normal othering, also known as incorporation. When you incorporate, you fail to other. It leads to a monopoly of behaviors. One of them is homosexuality. And in this sense, in my work, homosexuality is a fantasy defense.  Sexual identity is missing one element, one ingredient in order to become integrated.  So there is an incorporation here of the sexual object. And in this sense, it's a fantasy defense, a shared fantasy, exactly like in narcissism. In narcissism, the narcissist incorporates the external object by converting her into an internal object in his mind and allowing him to reenact the early childhood conflicts with his mother and to obtain separation individuation. In other words, the narcissist uses an intimate partner as the last remaining piece in his own becoming, in his own individuation.   And this is the addictive nature of homosexual relations in this sense. Fantasy is especially prevalent in latent homosexuals.  There is a kind of attitudes directed at more powerful males which stand in possibly for the father animal. The latent homosexuality is a bit masochistic. Freud called it the feminine masochism. Latent homosexuality can, however, be regarded as a defense against paranoid anxiety and analogous to the intimidated, appeasing submissive attitudes adopted by animals when they are attacked by a member of their own species. So latent homosexuality is actually much more pathological than overt homosexuality because it involves elements of masochism and sadism. But I would not go into it in this video. I hope you've got the picture. The differences are subtle but major, very important. I don't regard homosexuality as a form of narcissism. The way the vast majority of literature does I regard homosexuality as a failure to perceive other people as separate and external, as distinguishing, failure of boundaries. I stop here, you start. Me, not me, a failure of this. And homosexual exactly like the narcissist consumes people frantically, addictively, consumes them in order to restore something in himself or herself.  While with the narcissist, the narcissist consumes people also having failed to other than exactly like the homosexual. The narcissist consumes people, consumes people to kind of a richer situation of individuation, become an individual. So when you look at it from the outside, when you were just an observer, not aware of these psychodynamics and etiologies, they look the same. The narcissist and homosexual consume people. They are unable to perceive people as others. They are very bad and they internalize people, you know. And that is, that is the kind of stereotypical view, but the reality is that they do so for different reasons. And this is why homosexuals are more capable than narcissists of long-term, truly loving and caring relationships.  Sexual identity is more easily completed than a sense of self, a missing ego, an individual that has never been born, a black hole. Homosexuality is not apathology in this sense. It's just a form of external regulation. And as distinct from borderline personality disorder, it's not even all pervasive external regulation. External regulation that pertains to a single element, all the rest may be totally perfect. In borderline, the regulation is total. Everything has to be regulated, the emotions, the moods, the effects, you name it, cognitions. So borderline is a pathological condition. In narcissism, the very existence of the narcissist depends on external input. So definitely it's apathology, not so in homosexuality. It's very limited to sexual identity.  Luckily, the homosexual's partner can cater to this psychological need. And the experience of an integrated sexual identity is acquisitive, is acquired. So there's also a lot of healing in long-term homosexual relationships. As should be the case in any relationship, homosexual or heterosexual. We need to heal each other, not as a task or an assignment, but just by being there.


Colleen Foundation is using a documentary film to create awareness about human trafficking in Edo state. The documentary has been shown to young people in Binin city. The state coordinator of the non-profit organization Blessing Ero More Tells Plus TV that the film will help the public understand how bad trafficking is across the world. Stories are tales from those that went and that's one of our drivers today that haven't watched this or been you know preview to this information they'll be able to tell others cascade information down about the dangers thereby preventing human trafficking because that's our major aim to prevent it in girls boys you know women in youths generally and that's why the focus primary focus for this documentary today is on the youths. I was like thinking that maybe others are breastfed I don't love it whenever people come those opportunities but from what I've learnt now like what I've heard today my mentality has changed the way I do see it before it's no longer the same way again like if someone should come to me like I want to go abroad I prefer investigate to know what this person's purpose and all that. I am able to pick out the prestige and development for making sure that you start small why in Nigeria before aiming higher going out without having the proper documents to go to the country.


Until we get above the 200-day moving average and start building above the 200-day moving average, you can only speculate when that bottom is going to fall. Welcome to Access a Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey, guys. Good morning, everybody. Welcome to another edition of the Access a Trader.com Weekend Update Show. Hope everybody is doing well. Hope everybody is safe. First and foremost, before we even get started and talk about the markets, very, very aggressive week last week, one of the better actions I can remember in a very long time, long, short, especially short and then long. But number one, I want to send, and I think all of us all of us can speak to this, I want to send our prayers and best thoughts to all the citizens of the Ukraine, right? You know, it's just tragic what's going on here, you know, without debating the whole merit of good versus evil or bad versus good or somehow there's still innocent lives involved.  So before you talk about how good or bad your week was of trading, look at the big picture, people are losing their lives and there's absolutely no coming back from that. So, you know, at this time, send your prayers, right? Send your good energy, send your good vibes to all the people in the Ukraine and hopefully this craziness, right? And that's exactly what it is. Kind of goes away sooner than later, right? Because again, at the end of the day, it's all about life and death. And if we only have one life to live, nobody should be ever in danger, just kind of waking up in the morning. So, hopes and prayers to everybody in the Ukraine. So, let's talk about the tape.  And if you guys remember, all these events, all the speculation of Putin invading the Ukraine was just speculation. And a lot of people, including myself, I'll be honest with you, and I've said it a number of times, I actually didn't believe it was going to happen just because there was so much grandstanding. And I think that's what it was.  So I was, yeah, I'll make an announcement if I feel like it, you know, on Thursday, if we want to, it just felt like a lot of measuring egos, like this dude was like bored out of COVID, but it actually played out. And the one thing that we didn't expect was the reaction of what happened later, right? So we saw that big reaction, obviously, the market was selling off a month before this even came into play. But once the headlines started kicking in, that's when the nervousness came in. And I said it for weeks and weeks and weeks, I felt like it was very orderly. Most of the down days, even if you had down days, five, six, 700 points was was very organic. That's the best way of saying it. And slowly, but surely, we got to, you know, we got to about Wednesday, right?  And you saw that big move on Tesla and the video and everything else. And I finally started to turn around, I go, well, you know, maybe you could finally start calling this a little bit of a panic, you know, I don't want to call it a crash, but you know, that started to echo. And then finally, you had that news break over the night overnight, that Russia actually attacked, right? They started bombing, they started with the missiles and all that stuff. And the Dow went down 800 points very, very quickly. And the Nasdaq was down 300, 400 points very, very quickly. If all of us who were short overnight, you know, had them in the video and had the Tesla and blah, blah, blah, blah, big moves down, right? It had nothing to do with the big moves down. And then I tweeted something that I think a lot of people gave me too much credit for. I tweeted something out. If you go on my Twitter page, I tweeted something out and I said, if I'm paraphrasing, I just don't remember the tweet. And I said, if the permables had any hope of a kind of a market reversal today, just to kind of throw the baby out with the bathwater scenario that any capitulation, I don't want to use the word bottom, but any capitulation move needs, it's kind of an event like this. It's almost like instead of sell the news, it's almost like buy the news. And that's the day the Nasdaq went from down 400 to being up 500 or 450 points. And a lot of people said, great call. It wasn't a great call. You think I knew, right? If I knew, I would have loaded up on the bottom. It was something that I, 1% shot, I thought it could happen. It was a pure shot in the dark. It's like the same percentages of throwing a Hail Mary. Maybe for the 1% that it's going to hit. So I didn't really believe 99% of what I thought was actually go green. Sometimes you get lucky. And that day we had a really, really aggressive reversal. And it was one of those days on Thursday going into the Friday session that literally the strategy was, and we were laughing about it in the webinar, I literally said, forget about supply. Just buy anything that goes green, literally anything that goes green. And that was the 1% time in your career that when we reversed that you could have literally bought stocks, go red to green, completely brainless, completely even not even thinking about it. And that's when we had this really, really big reversal on Thursday's session. Obviously, it spilled into Friday. But believe me, for all you guys who are talking about great call, it was a pure shot in the dark, but there was nothing behind it.  I'm just the one that just admits it and people kind of try to still believe that they're smart, that they know that actually is going to happen. But hey, it is what it is, right? It looks good on paper. And the question was, well, now what happens, right? And you know, how come the market reversed, right? And the one thing that I've always maintained, and if you go back to history, you kind of, you see the documentation of the world, the market and the financial world learns to live with, I don't want to use the word disasters, but they learn to eventually live with bad news. Let's call it that, right? If you go back to, you know, 2008 in the middle of the mortgage crisis, entering 2009, slowly but surely, although the market was terrible, right? People are losing their jobs, losing their homes, companies going out of business, although the market was terrible, you started slowly but surely towards the end of, towards the end of eight, the start of nine, slowly but surely the volatility started shrinking little by little, right? A little by little. And eventually, we had the generational bottom in 2009 that we rallied for the next 12 years, 13 years. So people started living and the market, financial markets started living with the reality, okay? And eventually we started rallying even though in the middle of 2009, people still lost their homes, people still lost their jobs, people still didn't recover from the financial crisis and institutions did exactly the same thing, but the market started learning to live with bad news, right? If you look at the March 20 lows, right, of the pandemic, right? This was a global pandemic, right? Businesses were shut down. People were getting sick. People were dying. We didn't know what was going on. We didn't know what our future was going to hold, but eventually a month later, the markets started to deal with bad news. And the reason why the market, at least one of the reasons why the market started bouncing on the physical go-ahead green light invasion of Russia into the Ukraine is the financial markets started realizing, well, now this is a part of our lives, right? It's not going away. Just the way the pandemic wasn't going away in April 2020, the markets realized come Thursday, well, this is now a part of our lives. So now we're going to have to live with this and this fluid motion headline society for the next X amount of weeks, X amount of months and who knows, maybe X amount of years, we don't know how far this is going to stretch. So slowly but surely the market started dealing with it and accepted it. And that's kind of one of the deals that the markets to a lot of people when you're bent over on the wrong side of the tape, people start talking about, well, it doesn't make sense. How can the markets start going down now, start going up now? Now there's physical casualties. There's an invasion. Yeah, this is the reality. This is what the market does. It's almost buys the bad headline when there's confirmation that this is part of our lives and it's going to be part of our lives, at least in the short term, going forward. The question is, well, what happens next? Now, guys, let's take a trip back. When you go back and again, remember, we're underneath the 200-day moving average. Nothing bullish for the long-term happens underneath the 200-day moving average. We always maintain the stance and you kind of see it on the day-to-day trading that, yes, you will definitely have moves to the upside, maybe multiple days to the upside. But the overall theme is still to the downside because again, we are below the 200-day moving average. And that's the constant reminder that it's not risk on, it's risk, but control your risk, especially on the intraday ranks. And if you look at the bottom, that people deem the bottom on January the 24th, which later this week got broken for that, really, really aggressive move down, which was awesome, which was really, really awesome if you were positioned that way. But the point was a lot of people turn around on January 24th and said, that's it. That's the capitulation bottom. And we actually did have a three-four-day run back into the 200-day moving average and it got stuffed, rejected.  So people are turning around. You could see it.  They say, well, Thursday was the bottom. That was the bottom. How could it not be the bottom? That was the bottom. We'll ask the people on January the 24th if that was the bottom. Again, until we get above the 200-day moving average and start building above the 200-day moving average, you can only speculate when that bottom is going to be put in. That bottom could have easily been put in on Thursday. But maybe that bottom will be eventually put in a Thursday of 2023. We don't know. Until we get above this whole supply zone, stop chopping down the trees on all these supply zones. You can only guess when that bottom is going to come. Eventually, because the market has shown us over the last 100, 150 years, eventually the market will go high. That's kind of the mantra of the market. No matter how the bad news is, eventually it's going to shake off the bad news, whether it's war, pandemic, or financial crisis. Eventually it will be at the high of the day, but it won't be that high of the day tomorrow. And that's the most important part is where we're trying to prepare for tomorrow. If you are an investor or you're looking to put on longer term risk, again, the theory is, well, I could buy stocks anywhere. Eventually they'll go higher. Maybe they will, maybe they won't. All depends on what stock you want to trade. But why speculate underneath the 200-day moving average? If you believe, again, I'm just using an example. If you believe, for example, that Amazon will be back at, say, $4,000 a share, well, why not? If you think it's going to get the 4,000, right? Why not buy the stock above the 200-day moving average and give yourself a fighting chance without losing sleep every single night that it's been going up and down 300, 400 points? Again, I love Amazon. Again, I do believe the stock will be at $4,000, $5,000 one day. But again, it's not going to be there tomorrow. And that's the most important part. And if you are fighting volatility and you want to kind of avoid sleepless nights. And again, I'm using just Amazon as an example. Every stock, no matter what stock it is for it to finally break out of a downward bias and start accumulating higher prices, everything, everything needs to be above the 200-day moving average. The question is, and then the question always remains, and people ask me all the time, well, what's the difference where I buy now? 10 years from now it's going to go higher. You might think so. You might believe so. But anything could happen next week. Anything could happen 30 weeks from now. You can't rely on what happens in 10 years if we can't control what happens in 10 minutes. And that's the most important part. And for any stock technically to go higher, it needs to reclaim the 200-day moving average. And any market that needs to go higher or wants to go higher has to do the same. And where we are right now is kind of where we were going back to January 31st, where we reclaimed the 10-day moving average there. And we reclaimed the 10-day moving average on Friday. And the question is, how high can we go? Can we get one more day of upward buy? Sure. I wouldn't be shocked if we get back up to this area here. Maybe another seven points on the queues. Maybe two, three more days of buying. But the question is, what happens when they get back to the intermediate supply of the 20-day supply? And you can see here every single time it gets to 20-day supply, it gets rejected as well. So I think in this type of market, you want it like going into Monday, you kind of want to prepare for the upside. Like I have some names I'm definitely watching to the upside. But look, as long as we stay on the 200-day moving average, we've been pretty constant with this opinion for the last couple of months until we gain control. Everything is basically cash flow. Trading to the upside. To the downside, there's macro levels. Once they confirm, they get destroyed. Everything that got destroyed this weekend, they broke macro. NVIDIA destroyed. Amazon destroyed. Amazon went down 350 points, which is an amazing move. Big shout out to my man, Andrew Quirk, individually, who held that shift to 300 points. Phenomenal, phenomenal move. But not very many people could do that. But he did. Congratulations there. Tesla got absolutely manhandled this week. And a lot of names did exactly the same thing. But now we are above the 10-day moving average. Our job right now is to identify the stocks that do have a little bit of room. Because again, if you go through charts this weekend, you just see a lot of wounded warriors, man, trying to get there, trying to just stand up just to get a little bit more upside before the next supply zone. And our job is to find those names who potentially have some more room back to the upside. So if you look, for example, a name like AMD, listen, if we have one more day of rallying, could AMD take out this channel here and give you a nice move? Sure, not bad. You had Square, who gave you a pretty good pop on earnings on Monday. Is there room to $26, $27 if the market gives you one more day? Yeah, sure. I think the value in a name like Square, you want to buy it into a dip into rising 60-minute support. And if it goes right to green and takes out the previous channels, high, maybe you get a move to $26, $27. Those are the type of names you definitely want to watch. Even a name like Amazon, who I think maybe has one more day up. And you can see the 60-minute ban was starting to get slowly but surely into supply. If you look at the 10-day moving average, yeah, maybe this thing does have another 30, 35 points. Usually, you go into a trade on Amazon and say, yeah, I'm not selling it for more than 50, 100 points. Yeah, we're not in that market, right? We're not in that market, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 points. That's a good move, especially look at the move from Friday's low. I mean, that's a good move. So that's our challenge going into, you know, that's our challenge going into Monday's session. There's a lot of names more than not. They're headed into supply or at supply right now that I have no interest in looking at because I know deep in my mind, the market could turn on a dime whether we have one or two more days of upside bias. I do know for the big picture, we still need to get above the 200-day moving average.  I am 51.49. Let's use that. I'm 51.49, maybe 52.48. Buy bias going into Monday's session, but I know I'm very, very conscious. If I cease anything, start turning back and they start getting, you know, rejected at the 10, 20, whatever moving average and start reversing back down, I'm not naive. I know the big picture where we are. And I think that area of the market could start rolling over, whether it's tomorrow, excuse me, whether it's Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, eventually these stocks hit supply and if they can't confirm the bigger channels, that's when we're going to start turning around and revisiting back to lower levels the same way it happened on the January 24th lows. We decided to go back down. And now the question is, is this 318 eventually going to be the next quote unquote generational bottom or is this something that we're going to revisit a very, very short term, all right, to be determined. So guys, have a great, great weekend. I hope everybody stays safe. Again, say a prayer, please for the innocent victims and casualties and the families and all that good stuff for people who are sitting at home right now in the Ukraine, hoping to God just to see another day. Guys, God bless, stay safe, all the best, and I'll see you on the field on Monday.


In this video, I'll show you how to create custom bracket order for TWS. So the goal of this is to control your risk better by placing your stop and also your profit target ahead of time and not just being random, which you trade. So as usual, I'll link all the best tools to date rate in the description. So if you're looking for a broker, scanner, charts or newsfeed, don't forget to check that out and let's get right in. So for this example, what we're going to be looking at is the simulated account just because I was actually testing some other orders. And I found out that this could help me in certain cases. So I wanted to share it with you for the bracket order. The only thing you really need is the order window over here. And also this is going to be your position window. If you don't have this open, just go into your new window over here and just go into your order entry over here. And the other one is going to be order management. So when this is done, the next thing you want to be doing is go over here. So over here, quantity, let's put 500, for example, and limit price right now, we see that the price is 1735. So maybe we're looking to get filled at 1720 with a stop at 17 and also a profit target at 18. So right now we said we're looking for 1725 maybe to get filled. So you can also just type it, which is what I prefer to do. And just press enter. The next thing you want to be doing is either if it's a day or a good to cancel. GTC means the order is always going to be live until it gets filled. It's never going to get canceled. So this is going to be over here or you want it to only work for today. So good to cancel because we don't know when this is going to happen. And then the following thing is just click on advance and attach stop loss and profit target. Just click enter. Then you can add your profit target at 18. We said and also your stop loss. We said it was going to be 17. And just like that, you could be pretty much all done with this. So there's a few options that you can add. And I think they're pretty important. So over here, good to cancel. This is what I put there and also fill outside of regular trading hours, allow pre-market overnight and so on. These are all the options that you can choose. I like to have good till cancel. So the next thing you want to be doing over here is look at the destination. If you're using the smart order or smart route, you're not going to get any kind of rebate mainly. But if you want to get like a better rebate, you can look at something like ARCA, but this is always going to depend, you know, on your strategy. But if you want to find out about fees and rebate, if you're looking at ARCA, for example, on stock greater than a dollar, you're getting 0.002 as a rebate. And if you're removing that means taking liquidity, you're paying that price on top of your order, depending on the structure you have for commission. So going back over here, I want this to be example on ARCA. And I want my stop to just be a stop. So a stop like this means it's going to be a stop market. And this works perfectly for me because anyways, stop don't work in the pre and post market hours. And when this is done, you can just click over here and then just send it. So for this purpose, what I want to be doing is just make sure that this gets filled just to the example works. So right now, everything is still the same. So then you can just go ahead and just purchase it, say bye. And now we can see that this order has been filled. And now you have your limit order to sell at 18 and also a stop at 17. So now your order is set. You don't have to do anything about that. And it's going to be right here and it's not going to be cancelled at any point unless you do it. So something that you can do is if ever you decide that maybe you say our 17 is too low for my stop, I want to keep it at 17 25. So what you could do is just go over here and just you can erase it. I just put 17 25 press enter and you'd only need to click update. And now you have a new stop at 17 25. So you could also do the same exact thing for your profit taking. And these are going to be linked together. So you see 5.2 and 5.1. So that means if one execute, it's going to be canceling the other one. So this is pretty much how these bracket order works. I think they're pretty good overall. If you're someone that really trades more passive strategy, because if you trade momentum, this is going to be a bit slow to do. So you're going to have to do it in another way or just do it manually after by sending your first order to get in and then adjusting where you're going to get out and so on and so forth. So that's going to be it for this video. If you enjoy it, like and subscribe. I'll link all the best tools for day trading in the description. So if you're looking for a broker scanner, charts and newsfeed, don't forget to check that out. Peace.