Hey everyone Hello, hello, so it looks like we are live Thank you so much for tuning in today. I can I can see you all joining me Hi Mike Hi David It's so nice to see you all Joining for our Instagram live And I'm so glad you're all here. I I wish I could see all of your faces, too So I'll go ahead and introduce myself. I'm Rebecca Armstrong. I'm an educator here at Cooper Hewitt And I'll be joined shortly by OJB a landscape architecture the 2020 National Design Award winner for a landscape architecture for a special garden visit and conversation with them, so you know, I Can't tell you how excited I am to speak with them and to celebrate their work and their achievement this year so Yeah, so stay tuned and we're just so excited for them to hop on and you'll also get to see A little bit of a sneak peek and tour of their incredibly beautiful project sunny land center and garden All the way from sunny sunny, California So a quick note as well that this is actually the very last program of National Design Month at Cooper Hewitt. So we're closing out the month of October with you So thank you so much for being here and you know all month long We've been offering virtual programs to all all kinds of audiences all over featuring our incredible National Design Award winners across all categories and You know, thank you very much to everybody who has joined us throughout the month We're so happy that you're able to to be with us and and so much gratitude as well to target For making the month of programming possible for us So we'll be joined very shortly by OJB landscape architect Jim Burnett and partner Dylan Deers as well as the director of sunny lands Janice Lyle So let's give them just a moment or two to log in here All right. Yes. Hey Janice. It's nice to see you Good morning. Good. Good afternoon. It's morning over on the West Coast where you're joining from So thank you so much for being here. If you just tuned in to the audience welcome My name is Rebecca I'm an educator here at Cooper Hewitt and I'm here with OJB landscape architecture winner of the 2020 National Design Award in a landscape architecture, of course So before we speak with Jim and Dylan of OJB I'd love to introduce first our lovely guest Janice Lyle director of sunny lands center and garden Designed by OJB. So that's where everyone is joining us from And we you know can't wait to visit the gardens in person someday someday soon But Janice perhaps you can kick us off by telling us a little bit about the mission of sunny lands Sure. Well, we're sitting seating We're seated at the public access part of sunny lands and sunny lands is the name given By Walter and Leonore Annenberg to their winter home that they built in the 1960s here in the California desert Their home is acknowledged now as a mid-century modern architectural landmark and it sits on 200 acres of parkland in the middle of the desert during the Annenbergs lifetime they Hosted seven US presidents. They welcomed British royalty like the Queen of England and they engaged with Hollywood celebrities like Bob Hope and Frank Sinatra and that Created a slice of American life and provides us with an opportunity to talk about the history of America in the 20th century At the end of their lifetimes the Annenbergs set up a trust for the purpose of preserving sunny lands as a high-level retreat center that it that hopes to foster international agreement and as a place where people can come and visit and learn about the significance of this very special place so in 2006 The this project this public part of our project began and it sits adjacent to the historic estate it Has a visitor center that was designed by architects Friedfisher and partners and that building references the mid-century modern house on a historic estate That the visitor center is placed in a nine acre garden and the garden Designed by OJB What was inspired by the Annenbergs impressionist and post impressionist paintings collection? It is incredibly beautiful more than 700,000 people have visited since we opened in 2012 and they have been Exposed to and the delightful recipients of a space that is Serene and encourages solitude and contemplation But at the same time they've been engaged in public programs thousands of them that allow them to be in a community together Within this beautiful space so I think the best person to talk about this incredible garden is Jim Burnett So I welcome Jim here on my left Thank you. Thank you. Hello. Hello. Hi Rebecca. How are you? Thank you Janice appreciate that that introduction and It's amazing morning here at Sunnylands It's about 60 degrees and the weather is just perfect. I'm here with Dylan Dears my partner and Dylan's first day at OJB was His first assignment first day on the job was to work at Sunnylands And he had a big role and the execution of this garden and kind of seeing it through during the whole process and in celebration of National Design Month, we want to thank Cooper to do it for Being a national design award winner. It's a tremendous honor and we're happy to be here today and To kind of reflect on what design means to us is landscape architects I want to just add that it's it as in this assignment that we took on over 10 years ago It's more than just problem-solving. That's just one of the important Issues of kind of trying to create this setting for retreat this this project was really about kind of getting people away from The everyday life and putting them in a setting that would be conducive to sharing ideas and I think design is Is the science is it's it's kind of layering in the ground run of me the the tannical aspects the soils issues the geology that All the climate issues, but it also is kind of layering in The kind of artist touch the design that makes it so beautiful to be here landscape architecture has grown tremendously in the last 20 years with pressures that have been put on You know with climate change and all the the kind of pressures of above of kind of maintaining what we have and Taking care of it and and I think and during the pandemic It's been really important to realize that one of the only safe places that we can go and take our mask off Is actually out in the landscape And lastly, I think nature as we find here today and on a lot of a lot of projects that That we've been fortunate to work on nature is really the great healer. It helps to restore us It changes the cells on our body. It gives us Promise and kind of the the ability to kind of change our mood It makes us happier getting out of doors is something that's extremely important for the psyche and As we've all found out just taking a walk outside During this this last seven months has been really critical to mental and physical health Certainly. Thank you so much, Jim. I mean it's it's calming just to like look at the screen and see what's behind you It's so sunny and so green and spacious. So I mean, it's it's just beautiful I know exactly what you mean about the tranquility of being outside and I feel like it's so necessary right now in such stressful times You know, and it's so clear with projects like sunny lands as well as I you know I think of like Clyde Warren Park in Dallas, which literally reconnects different parts of the city that you know Your work also focuses so much on this need for community And and so I'm wondering if you can tell us a little more about the inspiration of sunny lands and some of the key design elements that That you use there to sort of foster those connections between people on an outdoor space well, I think When we began the project it was interesting that It was meant to be a Kind of a launching place or the setting for people to come here Understand the legacy of the Annenbergs and then move to the historic estate But I think as we started to develop the design and we had Mrs. Annenberg's input She really felt that this could be As significant or as important as the estate and it could be a place where people would come and and walk the grounds that they would come and Have yoga class they would come and come to art exhibitions that this could be a community center and So I think it's it was really Mrs. Annenberg's inspiration that that this be a really important community cultural asset I Think the design in particular We followed her lead and that she wanted to have a landscape that was Beautiful, but not spare and not sparse. She wanted it to be She described it as being lush and I think we were able to Look at things she loved which were the Impressionist paintings and create this large loss of painterly Masses of desert botanical plants. I think You know if you look at the mid-century inspiration and working with Fred Fisher He was phenomenal and and his interpretation of the Quincy Jones Historic estate and bringing that to a kind of current current approach to the to the pavilion here we Created an entry that Is is a bit of a surprise you kind of come in through through the trees and then you open up You see the center and then you see the San Jacinto Mountains behind but you know, I think What a lot of people really enjoy is this idea that You can leave the outer world behind Just like Walter and Lenora Annenberg envisioned the historic estate that when world leaders and their friends would come here and talk about critical issues facing the country facing the world with education and and and kind of international challenges Everything could be left at the gate and when you come here you really do Take a deep breath When you walk the grounds your heart rate goes down this the the crush of gravel under your foot gives you a registers completely different with you and helps to kind of slow the pace and really does a great job of of kind of Recharging you at the same time Yeah, that word lush is also the first one that came to my mind So I I was anticipating you using that and I was like, oh, right That's that makes so much sense because it's also how I would describe so many like, you know beautiful Impressionist paintings of the outdoors of gardens and you know Looking at light and water and the air quality and all these things together to make just like an Encompassing space for people to be and that's really beautiful So I can't wait to see a little more of the garden in just a bit But you know, I also wanted to maybe ask Dylan to tell us more specifically about the aspect of the gardens that you know It responds very directly to the climate crisis in addition to being of course very beautiful and historic I know there's a lot of research that's that's done there at the Center So maybe you can touch a bit on that Yeah, well, you know The center and gardens here and the Coachella Valley coming off of really the hottest recorded Summer in history is this very much parallel to to your comment there And what a lot of the global environmental Story that that we're all living through Five months extreme heat the desert really Pronounces that more than another time in the world And you know part of what this garden really has done is embarked in the story of a living laboratory Meaning a way that the trust in the foundation and the team and the crew that really nurtures and loves this garden day after days is it's trying to understand the ecology and and really Create a sense of a place here, but when we we moved forward with The design we we brought on over now in horticulturist Mary Irish And we really embarked in a journey of finding The plant species that would work well and adapt So that you know the garden here is both native and adaptive arid desert plant material that really has thrived to this location but When we went through we we actually the the collection here of plant materials about a fifty three thousand plants and that was no small feat and and we worked with nursery and and growers across The Southwest region really to make this this all happen at once So, you know, that's a little bit of a backstory to the Purpose and ecology and and how the gardens came to fruition Very cool. I'd love to know a little about the plants that I see behind you too. There's like a mirrored pond Can you just maybe zoom in a bit on what's behind you there? Yeah, so Here really flanking right next to the terrace here one the west side of the building and This is a significant array of the Golden Barrel cactus beneath a Grove of Palabria, so you have a really serene and dappled light Provided and you know as Jim alluded to the comfort and sense of Respite within the desert a lot of what was studied was, you know the shade and the canopy and how we brought The visitors, you know to the outdoor environment here The water features We're designed in a way that you could turn the the water actually on or off Right now for first good audio the waters calm down and it's just welled But there's a cascade reservoir beneath us. So normally you have a really nice tranquil Moving serene quality of moving into the water features here There's two basins that that flank the the terrace on the south and the north Very cool. Well, it's stunning and it's it's so cool to see those cacti behind you I imagine also the water is a bit of a barrier for like little kids trying to go over and hug a cactus Yeah Well, that's amazing. So I wonder if we can just take Maybe Zach our lovely camera person behind the scenes over at ojb can do like a 360 panoramic view of what's around you or maybe in a moment. We can take a little stroll around the gardens Great. Yeah, you want to do the stroll? You want to do a stroll? Do you have any further questions or you can take you want to take a quick little walk and pick up Yeah, we we can take a Maybe pick up pick up the conversation as we're walking Okay, great Wow So this is the cactus garden and over at the historic estate there's a cactus garden right outside of Mrs. Annenberg's bedroom and We thought it was appropriate to bring in some specimen cactuses that would You know could could be kind of the one spot in the garden where we're really showing off individual species and There's two of these Panels here and then on the other side There's so both the north and south side of of these sister water features we have the cactus It's really cool to see the juxtaposition of those very very tall Cap die on the left of the screen and then the little You know the little round ones on the right and those rows. There's just it's it's amazing to see how many different varieties there are Yeah, and we're moving toward the the great lawn here, which is the one spot on the At the center where we actually have used some water I mean used water enough to sustain a lawn and it's become kind of the community heart So this is the place where You know big events happen there's an art exhibition happening here today Then we're about to walk Treat it and and Rebecca you mentioned that kind of variety of species there's 70 or so varieties of species on on the team acre project really it's a nine That has About two miles of walking trails so what you see here is is really the main event lawn and You know that as Jim described the the circle starts to lead outward to Trails and walking gardens on the left is the labyrinth and And if there's a small event lawn panel to the right where you see a few Guests and visitors walking Thank you so much for this view that seeing the mountains behind to like well first They're stunning and also it gives a really cool context into sort of the environment of Of the area. They're very arid looking I imagine that lawn is a is a hot commodity for events and weddings and whatnot too It is it is a hot commodity. It's used quite often and This part of the landscape The West heiress and West lawn and gardens is held together by this double row of Paloverties and then we keep them or the foundation keeps them pruned to a point where you still get the The view to the mountains above and as you we're Unfortunately, we can't walk into the gardens because we're losing our our service But as you move into the gardens things loosen up quite a bit. It becomes a lot more informal and the larger trays of Landscape kind of follow you through the through the gardens, but there's places to get lost in those spaces beyond the LA of Paloverties That sounds amazing. I mean, you know, yeah, we certainly don't want to lose you and and drop off the conversation But I guess that just means I will all have to to visit in person eventually when it's safe to travel again I I really look forward to being able to walk through those Through those trees and those trails someday soon. So cool So we talked a little bit about You know the And looking at the lawn and Jim what you mentioned about that being a sort of the key gathering place of The gardens I wanted to ask you also, you know through the COVID-19 crisis people have more increasingly look to outdoor spaces especially Some of the philosophies of your design style Changer or grow as people More and more look to being outside during this time so that they can connect we missed a little bit of that What what can you repeat the question? I'm sorry. What was breaking up Rebecca? Yeah, of course. No problem Yeah, it's you know, it's so nice to be virtual and have all these amazing platforms for like virtual programming and virtual Conversations, but there's always there's always some technical difficulties. So, you know, I was just asking about about this current time that we're in with COVID-19 and that sort of prompting people to Really look to like the outdoors as a place to gather it more somewhat more safely especially with masks on and Be able to connect with each other rather than staying inside and who knows what what the fall will bring Hopefully for you people can still gather out outside Being in the California environment, but I'm curious to know how This moment in time has sort of maybe made you rethink Or strengthen some of the philosophies of your of your practice and your design Great great question. Um I think You know, I think strengthening the the Principles and the beliefs in our in our practices is is a good way of putting it You know, again, I think people really feel safe in the outdoors. They Parks have been set up and a lot of cities as the kind of hub for distributing water and food for uh testing for voter registration for protest and and uh free speech and so I think we're It's a it's an important time for our public open space because it really is Uh critical in taking care of our community and providing access In a healthy way for our community and there are a lot of initiatives going on right now that are Have been pushing this idea national The trust for public land has been pushing this concept of Every city having or every resident in a city being within a 10 minute walk of public open space and We strongly subscribe to that idea that Can you hear me? Okay. Yeah, I was sorry. I was just responding to you I agree I just didn't know we lost this Okay Dylan, do you want to Yeah, well, I think one of the things um that we're we're talking a lot in the studio Uh and and with many clients in cities across the countries Is is really this notion of kind of reclaiming What was um so prominent for uh vehicles meaning You know in particular la and so many cities across the country have You know in order to keep restaurant and businesses alive have moved outdoors And spilled into traffic lanes and and roads have been closed and there's this great notion of Really rethinking our systems and uh our infrastructure if you're looking at you know roads may be Compromising really Say 30 of of our public lands Can can we reorient that back to to our communities? Can we maybe adjust our our way of life as we have really the last nine months to make these Infrastructure elements actually serve the community and can be part of an open So That's so interesting because I think you know It's one thing to imagine landscape architecture in your field is so vital for creating public spaces and and you know natural areas for people to enjoy um and It it you really do have to Think in terms of the whole system because if people can't get to those parks and it's not sort of like incorporated into the The Ecosystem of like an urban area, especially with LA.  That's fascinating Thank you for for for bringing that up um speaking of of uh, you know Looking at your field. Um, I I know that with the change in climate The landscape architecture field is really forced to adapt and change quickly to respond Maybe more so than than other design fields. Um in terms of of Climate change so knowing that it's an increasingly interdisciplinary field that works closely with ecologists and architects scientists and Ventures and and artists as well, you know just to name a few How do you see the the field changing?  Well Yeah, we we caught we it broke up just a little bit, but I I understand the question I think landscape architects are taking taking up a much greater leadership role and And kind of pulling together teams of people and looking at Global issues looking at how climate change affects our cities how Sea rise affects our cities leading master plan efforts for for entire cities And that's very exciting because you know, I've always felt that landscape architecture was more than and you know than trees and grass and garden design that it that it that it could be Uh, that our profession could take a bigger role and again, I think we're we're trained in planning engineering civil engineering Some transportation planning architecture So I think we we do kind of bridge a lot of different Categories and the ecology is such an important role and and and kind of taking care of of Of cities and taking care of our environment. I think understanding That is an overlay. I will say that our teams are getting bigger each year too. So we're bringing in One more specialist. So we don't we don't profess to be experts and in all of the different disciplines that deal with the sciences, but It is really exciting to see landscape architects be the the point on some really large Commissions that are that are game changing that are changing policy in the way that we interact with with our environments Certainly Dylan anything to add there? Yeah, I think, you know, I was speaking to to one of my college professors who's the department chair at Cal Poly yesterday and and he was talking about curriculum and and you know, I think one of the important things to Do this field is is really the way in which we look at global issues and addressing very Um complicated and complex issues, you know, Jim mentioned some of what we're seeing through the environment and Um, you know, there's an urban fabric. We we have a lot to to deal with as sea level rise You know projects 70 80 plus inches in certain cities We're we're not designed for for that right now and and how do we look at these? You know broad-scale challenges and and you know come together as a team and You know uniquely kind of innovate solutions and come forward with You know that critical problem solving So, you know, that that's something I think, you know, whether it's really the landscape architect and environmental design is I think a lot of what you see where the profession and and this discipline headed you towards Yeah, it definitely takes everyone to sort of be on board and work as a team, right? It's like it's a Yeah, it's vital. So Yeah You know, we're just about out of time. I know it's just past 12 30, but um, Jim and Dylan It has been an absolute honor to speak with you both Um, and again many many congratulations on on winning the national design award this year To ojb. Um, it's it's been wonderful to talk with you and to see the incredible sunny lands It's gorgeous. Um, and I hope that I get to visit soon Great, thank you very much. We hope you do too and uh, thanks again to kubernetes for being such strong advocates for design absolutely Maybe we can end with one last pan around the space to see those those cacti again Yeah, Zach Yeah, thanks for joining us uh this this morning or afternoon whatever time zone you're in Um, really honored to to be with you and share the gardens Well, thank you so much and and thanks to um, you know, everyone in the audience for joining us today We're glad you were able to have fun See you next time Bye


Kia ora datu. Ma nama i gai t kiinewea royal. Roils io nama i nama i te piatara. Pa i 이야 mlevarri maia maia maia, ma ma i kaipa koro nama i rau. Te kaini kia i ni, i tiri maia maia – ten years, and then came back and worked for a—and then decided that my passion was anyone involved in the mariri economy and the mariri people in building the nation hood of mariri tribes. And so together with some friends we build a business very much like Chase, and so I come here humbly, I am, feel like I'm at a DAY meeting. I'm my first time here. Thank you for inviting me. I won't go through all of my problems, but just wanted to, of course, thank the organisers, Joseph and the invitation. I haven't met the brothers and everybody else yet, I'd love to meet you guys afterwards and of course love to have a conversation. Before we just let Shay have a chat about who he is and what he's doing, can I just say normally I do these things in presentation, I get to talk about the Māori economy a lot. I talk to a lot of, you know, accountants and investment guys and directors on boards and crown employment meetings and the environment I talk to gives us, lends itself to a certain type of discussion where I talk through the things that we do and my views of the world. What I'd really invite this to be is just a great opportunity for me to use this experiment as a learning experiment to test some of the thinking. So the problem is that's all a very closed world and the thinking doesn't really get that tested that much to tell you the truth. Just seeing the expansive programme and what you guys have been doing and of course Shay has been built in now to the zeitgeist of this group for a little while now so he'll be able to tell me whether we're completely off track or on the vibe or not. So I'm really just value having everybody from very, very different backgrounds who may not be actually really much aware about the stuff that we do, but just to test the thinking and bring some global thinking to it. So I really appreciate it guys. If you could contribute as much as you could into our conversation and test us. Kia ora tatou. Shay just asked, can I give a five minute overview of the Māori economy and that's actually physically impossible. So there's always in these conversations we've always assumed a certain level of knowledge. Appreciate this audience is a bit different. So this one is about the tribal groups of New Zealand and apologies for those who are going, oh my God, we're going to get a very, very, very basic one. These are about the tribal groups, the indigenous peoples of New Zealand, the Māori people structured across a number of different tribes, pretty much integrated into New Zealand modern economy. Having said that, a thousand year legacy, which they're trying to look at, how do we build in and prosper from that. Māori economy, various numbers are talked about, 35 billion, 40 billion, built by a number of economists, which you kind of look at it and you kind of screw your eyes a little bit because it doesn't make much sense to us working on the ground. A lot of land assets, a significant amount of land assets, some significant amount of what they call owning fish, how do you do that, I'm not sure. But in New Zealand somehow we magically managed to figure out some fish go this way and some fish go this way. We divided it all that up and there was a negotiation at the time because Māori went, hold on government, you're dividing up some fish. Why do you get to say that and why shouldn't we get to have some of that? So we apply here, if you're anyone who's in the fishing industry, apologise for simplifying completely. A system which is challengeable, but at least it has some sustainable notion around it, is that you only fish a certain amount of quota legally. And if you don't, you get fined. And the idea is to try and create a sustainable model. In practice, it can certainly be challenged as to whether or not it's doing it. But in theory, not a bad idea. Māori managed to grab some of that quota. There's various lands, of course, have been held, but if you look at it 120 years ago, 95% of the land held, New Zealand was held in Māori hands, probably less than 5% now. Shae helped me out on data. I'm useless at data. I normally roll on everyone else to give me this. There is a number of tribes primarily driven by a settlement process dealing with the government around reconciliation. You've seen this with First Nation groups in Canada and North America. You've seen it in some small places in South America and in Asia as well. New Zealand is seen as sort of a leader in the space. And I think we can hold our heads up high in New Zealand. I think we've given it a decent shot. It's always subject to the politics of the time. It's always subject to if I agree to this, am I going to get voted out in the next term election, which is very frustrating for the other side who's been sitting there for about 100 years waiting for this thing to get dealt with. Nonetheless, you've seen a pace. Anyone who's been watching local current affairs in the last 10 years, it's a very different... I'm 45. New Zealand looks very, very different from when I grew up. We have Māori language channel. We have various schooling institutions, Klongarei o Kutakopa, various others. And so part of that development of New Zealand and maturing as a country is trying to reconcile some moons and some issues and the idea is empowering some communities who are tribes and passing on some resources. Primarily they look like land and some cash. Having said that, so we've got about 25 settled groups. We're going to end up with that 30 for 7. That will drive an economic base to develop and implement some opportunities for those groups, which is the things that Shay and I deal with. Anything else I should say about Māori economy? Kia ora tatau. Tūrtahi i tika na me mihi hatu ki a koutou ngā raurangatira mai i taitenana mai mo tēnei hui huinga.  I think there's something quite powerful when we connect our heart and our minds to the work that we do. And so I just want to share a little bit around how I've found my place and my why and how that is very much centered in this concept of economy that we're discussing here these next two days. But in the broader context of how we actually create thriving communities. And so I think about my why and I look at my young cousins, my beautiful young cousins, my pākehā cousins, my Māori cousins.  They can be naughty at times, but essentially they are who I'm doing what I do for because they are our future. So it's for this generation and the future generations. But I'm also very conscious of another reality, which is that we do live in a society where my Māori cousins are statistically going to be worse off than my pākehā cousins. And so that's kind of the heart stuff, the mind stuff and some of the statistics behind this idea that Māori are generally at the bottom of 80% of the wellbeing indicators measured by government. Māori youth are twice as likely to leave school with no qualifications, three times as likely to not be in employment and almost three times as likely to be convicted of a criminal offence. And I put a lot of this down to an intergenerational unpacking and deconstructing of a Māori economy. And so if that, by and large, has become, has been one of the systemic reasons that's created these kinds of statistics, how can we reverse that trend and actually grow Māori economies, Māori community economies, so that we can actually see thriving Māori communities and thriving Māori families, which goes back to the why I want to do what I do. So if we think about the theory of change, the how we do what we want to do, this is the theory of change that we use in our organisation Te Whare Huga Huga, which is essentially if we empower our Māori leaders, if we can build capability, lift aspirations, lift confidence, as well as help them focus on some of the right things that are going to make a difference in their community. If we can empower leadership, then what we're going to do is actually help grow community organisations. Because these leaders not only are they key leaders in their community, they're also sitting on land assets, which are owned by the collective. Guy talked about treaty settlements being one of those processes that's facilitated the return of assets, facilitated the return of land, facilitated the return of fisheries assets, ability to actually have an economic base with which you can do something. So if we're empowering leaders and we're growing Māori enterprises, we're going to start seeing enterprises that are successful, that are sustainable, that are at their core altruistic and that are returning profits to communities. And when we have this, we're going to see some thriving Māori communities. And we also already see this in small pockets. We're going to see these communities with more local jobs and employment opportunities. We're going to see sort of greater investment into social and cultural initiatives and programmes for young people, for old people. We're also going to see sort of a stimulation, I guess, in our rural industries. And we're noticing this in small pockets as well around how one Māori organisation may in fact stimulate a number of support organisations around it in terms of providing different aspects of the value chain. And we also see greater pride in these communities. And what this is essentially doing is creating a new norm or a new benchmark of success. We're seeing retained talent in these communities, retained profits in these communities and more self-determination. And so this is a beautiful idea or a dream of a theory of change. But as we learned more about the intricacies of making this work, what we found is there's a couple of gaps. And so gaps in a number of these intersections, but the two that we are focused on in Te Whare Hukahuka is around how we actually create a system that can empower and can build capability of leadership and then support the growing of enterprise, community enterprise, which is the economic aspect of this concept, to then create thriving communities. So it's very much linking the economic with the community aspects. And so that's kind of where we've focused our work. Now, Anakia Goodall stood on the stage a couple of days ago and mentioned that Māori business has a lot of hooks that could catch this nation in terms of not only our story, but how we do things. And I think he's definitely on the right track with that idea. And so what I want to do is share a couple of two ideas that I think are kind of unique around how Māori view the role of economy and some ideas on how we might use these as part of the story of New Zealand moving forward in terms of how we build economy and how we think about its role in our communities. I think if we just look at that diagram for a second, what we can see there is economy as an enabler. All it really is is one aspect of building community and improving communities, which I think really is what we care about. But often what we've seen in the mainstream way of looking at it and particularly in the way that colonisation has pulled apart the Māori philosophy around holistic outcomes and ensuring that community and economy are intertwined and planet is intertwined and stories intertwined. What we're actually seeing is a growing disparity around what our economy is actually generating for our communities here. And so if we go back to this idea that at its core economy should just be a way of sort of organising our resources to better improve our communities, then we may conceive the way that we actually run our economy quite differently. Now, I have a view that we actually live in a time where colonisation is still happening. And while it may not be colonisation with guns and armies, it's very much colonisation of mindset. And unfortunately we still see this perpetuated with Māori community organisations. The very philosophies that they stand for are actually not necessarily able to be played out. And this may be because of the sorts of structures that government imposes on them, the sorts of regulations that they have to be cognisant of or work under, as well as the kind of wave and approach that economy has viewed in relation to community. So the mainstream approach tends to be, and the advice that Māori tend to get from accountants, is around go out and make money. And once you've made money, then you can use some of that money to do great things in your community. But that's the antithesis of a Māori approach, which is, well, we care about a flourishing community. We care about a flourishing tribe. And so let's get really clear on what that looks like. And then let's go out and build the economic system and the economic base that's required to generate that. So while it may be a very small tweak, it's a fundamental flip on the way that we actually think about the role and the purpose of economy. It's not an end in its own. It's merely a means to the end of creating greater communities. And the last point I just want to talk about is this ideal or the concept of holistic sustainability as opposed to siloed thinking. What we notice in working with some of our philanthropy partners and even in social enterprise is that there tends to be a siloed way of going about things or a binary kind of approach about things which is like we're going to fund or be focused on education or poverty relief or creating better environmental impact. Whereas that in its nature is still very siloed. In a Māori philosophy, you could not separate any of these components and in fact the strength of the system rests upon all of these aspects being present and sustainable. And so in all of the projects we take on, we have to ensure that we can prove that there's going to be environmental outcomes, not just maintaining the environment but actually improving it. We have to prove that there are the scientific processes and systems in place that are going to enable it. We have to prove that it's going to facilitate and lead to greater community outcomes, whether that be in terms of jobs, whether it be reinvestment back into the community, whether it be creating more pride. And we have to prove that there's going to be an economic model or a financial base that can sort of fund all that. But I think the key idea for me here, outside of the idea that this is holistic sustainability, is actually the role of the economy or the financial component to the system, which is that it exists only to fund the other areas. So again, it just shows the way that we might prioritise the role of economy in terms of creating better environmental and cultural and community outcomes. So those are just some ideas on another way we may conceive the role of economy here in New Zealand using an example that is very much part of our story here in New Zealand, an indigenous story. And it kind of touches really on some of the points Josh was making about when we look into the future, what might we see as an alternative model, and it's about how we actually build networks of communities taking stock of what they have and actually building sustainable models out of that. So those are just some ideas, but we're very much wanting to understand what gaps we've missed or understanding what areas are still up for debate and sort of addressing some of those three questions. Thank you very much for your time.


Today, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments for two cases, Biden v. Nebraska and the Department of Education v. Brown, and these cases are extremely important because they will determine the fate of Biden's student debt relief program. And unfortunately, it doesn't look too good. It seems as if those of us counting on the $10,000 to $20,000 worth of cancellation are going to be S.L.L. thanks to the Supreme Court. As Ian Millheiser of Vox explains, almost immediately after the argument began, the justices split into two partisan camps. The court's three Democratic appointees largely argued that the judiciary's job is to follow the text of federal law. As Justice Elena Kagan put it at one point, the HEROES Act is really quite clear here that this Student Loan Forgiveness program is allowed. Under this approach, that should be the beginning and the end of the court's inquiry, although it's worth noting that the three Democratic justices also asked questions suggesting that they do not believe that federal courts have jurisdiction to hear this case. With a handful of questions by Kavanaugh and Barrett aside, the six Republican appointees spent much of the argument fixated on concerns that if this student debt relief program is upheld, then the Biden administration would have too much power. Notably, U.S. Solicitor General Elizabeth Prolegar received some of the harshest questions from Chief Justice John Roberts, ordinarily the most moderate member of the court's Republican bloc, who immediately criticized the size of the program because he claimed it will lead to half a trillion dollars in loan obligations being waived. The court's Republican appointee spent much of the argument discussing policy disagreements with President Biden that have nothing whatsoever to do with the question of whether this loan forgiveness program is legal. Roberts, along with Justices Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch, for example, all took turns criticizing Prolegar's position because this loan program benefits student borrowers and not say someone who took out a loan to start a lawn care business, Jesus Christ. The obvious response to this legally irrelevant objection to this program is that, as Justice Elena Kagan pointed out, Congress passed a statute that deals with loan repayment for student borrowers and it didn't pass a statute that provides loan forgiveness to people who own lawn care businesses. In other words, they're probably going to strike it down. If the most moderate Republican is against it, then I fully expect the more far-right justices to be in lockstep as well. So, kiss that 10 to $20,000. Goodbye, at least for now. But I think that before we get to what Biden can do, I just want to talk about how this really demonstrates that the justices are explicitly political. And by now, you and I know that, right? This isn't surprising. I'm not saying anything revolutionary, but they are supposed to be neutral arbiters of the law of the Constitution. They're not supposed to take into account their own political biases. They're supposed to interpret statutes, but that's not what they're doing. They're just lining up with their team and they're being hacks. I mean, there's no more eloquent way to put it than that. They're f***ing hacks. Period. End of story. Now, the statute in question referenced here is a provision from the Heroes Act, which gives the Secretary of Education broad authority to waive or modify student loan obligations. But they're saying here, we disagree.  Now, the reason why is because they know that broad cancellation will encourage younger voters to support Democrats in the next election, and they can't have that. So what do they do? They sue the Biden administration to strike it down, and the Supreme Court will likely go along with it. Now, what happens next is very important because the Biden administration can prove to us that he actually does care about helping normal Americans by modifying the program. Now, there's one thing that he can do in particular that could still allow student debt forgiveness to go on, albeit in a more limited way. Slate writer Mark Joseph Stern explained in an article from August of 2022 that in the likely event the Supreme Court does strike down this student debt relief plan, Biden can simply announce that any borrower affected by the pandemic can apply for relief if they can prove hardship. Their debts get canceled. The Heroes Act of course says such case-by-case adjudication is unnecessary, and this method would increase administrative burdens while shrinking the pool of beneficiaries, since some eligible borrowers will fail to apply, but it will still help millions of people who will be in dire need of support when student loan repayments resume in 2023. There's a direct analogy to Virginia Governor Terry McCullough restoring felon voting rights one person at a time after the Virginia Supreme Court wouldn't let him do it all at once. That's one route that he can take, but that's not all. He arguably should have done the following thing in the first place. What I'm talking about is using his authority under the Higher Education Act of 1965 instead of the Heroes Act of 2001, which was later amended in 2003, but here's what the experts say about that. Inside Higher Ed's Catherine not explains using the Heroes Act to cancel student loans was not the recommendation of Dolly Jimenez, a law professor at the University of California Irvine, and director of the Student Loan Law Initiative. She and other legal experts urged the Biden administration to use the Higher Education Act of 1965 as the legal justification for the debt relief plan. That law gives the Secretary of Education the authority to compromise, waive, or release the department's claims against borrowers. Now if the Biden administration used their authority under the Higher Education Act, instead of the Heroes Act, odds are Republicans would still challenge it, but it is more legally sound, whereas the Heroes Act was passed in 2001 to give the Education Secretary authority to waive or modify student debt for anyone affected by 9-11. But the law was later expanded in 2003 to give the Education Secretary that authority during national emergencies as well, and the Biden administration is saying that the COVID-19 pandemic is a national emergency. Therefore, we have the authority to cancel student debt. So in theory, justices could strike it down on the grounds that the law, at least with regard to the Heroes Act, is clearly intended to benefit Americans affected by war, and legally that would at least make some sense, even though it's still flimsy logic. But really, they're not making that argument either. They're instead peeved because it doesn't narrowly benefit Americans with lawn care businesses. That's just like one example. They don't like that working Americans get this benefit. They want businesses to get this benefit, or individuals with businesses to get this benefit. But I mean, maybe more student debt holders would start businesses if they weren't bogged down by debt. But either way, it was always going to be challenged and the Supreme Court will likely strike it down regardless of what law the Biden administration used to derive its authority from. But what matters is that the Biden administration continues to fight, but I'm not going to hold my breath. So if you were counting on $10,000 to $20,000 of your student debt being canceled, sorry, six far-right hacks on the illegitimate Supreme Court of Ours want you to keep suffering. So that's unfortunately going to be our fate unless the Biden administration fights tooth and nail.


Xavier is four. Not only am I like teaching him things as his mom, but he is also teaching me to kind of like follow my dreams, but to also show him that no matter what your dream is or how old you are, that you can always achieve it if you want it. What initially I guess started my journey here as a student was being in starting point 2.0. Starting point is a program for women ages 18 and older with children or without children who have a desire to go to college and maybe they are just kind of feeling lost and not sure what direction to head into. We basically cover everything from mental health, physical health, to building self-esteem and empowerment. We do career planning with them to find out what are their gifts and talents. I graduated high school in 2012 so it was about an eight-year gap between me ending high school to me coming back to college. Once I had him it was like I want more than just the job. I want to have that career. I want to have the foundation and that security for myself, for my family that's going to guide me to creating a better life for him. I was battling my own addiction. I was fleeing from a domestic abuse situation so it was very challenging and I was about to be a single mother of a new baby. It's actually really exciting and encouraging to see some of the transformations that we have had seen in this program. We've seen folks who you know struggle with addiction and I always tell the women use the crud in your life as credentials. This is bigger than me. This is bigger than me now like I need to leave this life behind me. I need to do what's right for my son and then like support is just so huge and being connected is just so huge that like in this time of vulnerability having support has been great. Not only isn't it a program but it's a community. It's a relationship that you build with other women that are going to understand what you're going through and the struggles that you're facing. Nothing gives me more joy than seeing a student say I'm doing this. I never thought I could do this but I'm doing this and I love it. I love being here. I love the people here. It's very rewarding.


So how can you reality shift in three minutes? Okay then this is going to be a very quick video where I'm going to explain probably the most effective ways that you can reality shift, you know, change dimensions, timelines, realities very easily in just one night. The technique itself should take about three minutes of prep time and then you should wake up in your desired reality. Now I'm going to go into much, much more detail about reality shifting in my subsequent videos. I'm going to be making quite a few actually about reality shifting but for this one I'm just going to focus on what I consider to be the most effective technique for reality shifting in three minutes. Now I won't go into the complete background of reality shifting because that's for another video but let's just remind ourselves that although the theory is based or, you know, the concept is based on the multiverse theory, which is quantum mechanics, the idea that there's infinite number of dimensions and realities out there already and the idea is you shift your consciousness from this one to another one which has already existed. You're really just shifting your consciousness or your awareness. We need to remember that in every second of every day we are already reality shifting. We just don't really know that that's what it's called and we also have been kind of programmed and we've kind of forgot over time how much power we have to actually completely change our reality and our timeline. And although we've got this new term for it where we talk about reality shifting, which I'll get onto in a second, this has always been in our power. We've always been able to do this and we've always been doing this even if we didn't realize it. And I'm going to get into the idea of waveform reality and kind of this concept of being able to change our reality in another video. But here's how you can reality shift very easily. So the prep time will take about three minutes. Firstly, you kind of visualize and set your strong intention on your desired reality, your DR. And then this needs to be kind of repeated several times throughout the day. And then what you would do is when you go to sleep, when you lay down to go to sleep, you're going to set a very strong powerful intention with everything within you.  That's how you're going to shift to the new reality. Now there are various techniques for doing this but I don't really think you should focus on technique because when you do that you kind of put yourself in that very logical left brain type of situation. This is not about that. This is about your intuition, your natural powers and abilities and really your ability to change your reality with your intention. You don't need to understand how it works.   Once you've got that down then you're going to go to sleep and visualize yourself waking up in the reality that you want. And then when you visualize that you need to kind of imagine yourself doing something, something physical or ideally something with a lot of emotional energy behind it. Maybe you're hugging someone you love or doing something exciting or stimulating.  It's really about the intention that you put behind this and then if you really want to and this will take a few more extra minutes you can actually meditate before you go to bed as well and just remind yourself that you are not your body. You are not your ego or any of the labels that you've been given or that you have given yourself. You are infinite consciousness having a very very brief human experience. One that you've had many times before in different realities or dimensions or lifetimes. This is not the first time you've done this. This is why this stuff resonates at such a big level. That's probably why reality shifting has been trending recently because we all innately know that this is the true nature of reality. We know deep down that this life, this body is definitely not all there is. So give it a try and just as you're reading this scroll down and leave a comment letting me know what you want to do and what your desired reality is described before us so we can all kind of comment on it basically. So that's it. Hope you enjoyed this video and I'll see you next time.


getting my slides up. Why don't we talk about why we are here? Why we are here in this room? Why we are not in the caves? Any guesses? Well, because over a period of time we have acquired intelligence. We have created an ability to retain information and learn from it and pass it on to others. And that has essentially helped us human race from caves to a nice office like this at Microsoft. And I think this is the fundamental thing, intelligence that essentially separate us from the rest of the species. So today we are going to talk about artificial intelligence and its usage in the retail industry, specifically how it is going to have impact on the e-commerce and the stores that we used to. So first of all, what is intelligence? Intelligence is essentially our ability to infer from the information. Whenever we have any information, whenever we are looking around, we are essentially getting information from various sources. That information could be how much traffic is there on the signal. Is it good enough for us to cross the road or not? What time it is and if I need to catch a train in the MRT, do I have enough time or not? So we have different information and we use this information to make some decision. And often the process of converting that information into a tool that helps us in taking any decision is the knowledge. And that is what is defined as intelligence. But what is artificial intelligence? How do we define artificial intelligence? So artificial intelligence is not a new field. Even in the 1950s, when the computers were coming up, many people thought that the robots will rule the world. And the artificial intelligence was defined as a computer program that has ability to mimic the entire process in which a human captures the information and infer a decision. And that could be for everything. So in this very simplistic context, when I look at a phase that I am familiar with, the moment I look at it, I know what their name is, if my memory is good enough. Can we do the same thing with computers? Probably not. Probably yes. So just to give you an example of how it looks like in real life, if you have kids and if you were to teach them anything, how would you give them that information? You would repeat that information in different context, in different settings until they are able to recollect that information and create their own judgment. So for example, you would probably show them different phases of cat. And hopefully in future, when they look at an animal that is very much similar to a cat, they would be able to infer that based on whatever I know so far, it looks like it is a cat. So we teach them with the repetitive information until we find a point wherein they are able to infer based on whatever they know that what this object is. But for very long time, we could not do that with computers. Computers were really good at doing analytical stuff. So if you tell them what is 2 plus 2, they would happily tell that 4 and they would do it thousands of time. But if you show them two phases and ask them this question, whether you are looking at a male or a female or a transgender, they would not have any idea. If you show them a picture of a lion or a cheetah or a cat, they would not know whether they are looking at an animal or a flower. So scientists at Google in 2012, they trained their computers to identify the images of cat because cat as you would probably know is probably the most shared video animal. So there are tons and tons of videos in YouTube about cats. So YouTube, in the Google engineers, they fed entire YouTube content related to cats to their supercomputers with an idea of creating a blueprint of what a cat might look like. That computer went over images of cats and soon after a long time, they started forming an image of how a cat might look like. What are their facial characteristics? And after they did it for hours and days and months, they thought that now our computer is smart enough to draw a picture of a cat. And that in essence was something that kickstarted the interest of the industry in artificial intelligence. But why it has become relevant again? As I mentioned that the artificial intelligence was first mentioned in 1950s, but what has happened that has made it so popular now? Why organizations like Amazon, Microsoft, Google and plenty of other startups are working in this area? Well, there are a couple of reasons. The first reason is that technically now it is possible to process a huge set of data. So for a long time, our entire computer architecture was based on the CPU, that is central processing unit. And because of the limitation of CPU, it could not process the huge amount of data that is needed for an AI based application. Then came the GPUs, graphical processing unit. And that essentially powered the AI revolution because with GPU, it became possible for people to analyze tons of data. So even on a single chip, there was ability to have thousands of thread concurrently working, analyzing the data and making a meaning out of it. And now using this, engineers could build very interesting things such as these beautiful products that we see on the screen, Siri, Amazon's ECO or the Google Home. They are excellent product. And they are going to redefine the way human interaction works with the machine. They have become both so good with NLP, their natural language processing that the moment you speak, they would be able to identify what you are speaking. And with all the other information that they may have about you, they would be able to identify what your context is and how they can utilize that context to serve you the information that would be most relevant for you. So let's look at some of the domains in which artificial intelligence is being used. So the first one is fraud detection. So we have plenty of financial transaction happening in financial industry, happening in banking industry, happening in the trades. How many of those transactions are fraudulent? And how do you identify? Well, apparently, all the transactions that are fraudulent follow a specific set of characteristics. And using AI, if we give them a bunch of data, like millions and billions and trillions of data, and we flag that these are the fraudulent transaction, the computers have now become smart enough to identify that what is it that is common in these fraudulent transactions? How can I make a hypothesis that whether when I see a transaction like this, is it going to be a fraudulent transaction or not? And then they can test this hypothesis on the next set of transaction and see whether that is correct or not. Similarly in the medicines, we know that how important analyzing things like DNS are.  You have to do permutation on like thousands of different variables that may impact whether a simple lump is a cancerous or not. So, doing these kind of analysis require people to analyze huge set of data and systems powered by JPU can allow that. Industries like legal industries, where there are tons of cases, historical cases that become the basis for the discussion and the basis for the judgment for the legal industry. Artificial intelligence can help that. So, there are all the important aspect of our life are now being impacted by artificial intelligence. And I think retail is going to be the next one. Now, why I think retail would be impacted by artificial intelligence? The first and foremost, in order for us to create any hypothesis, we need some data points. We need some data. Unless we have some data, we will not be able to create a hypothesis. And in detail, there is no dearth of data. There is data everywhere in the retail. So, for example, when somebody is walking in the store, retail stores would have data about that. In what aisle they are going, what is it that they are purchasing? How much time they are spending on the aisle? How often they are going to the aisle? What is it that they are purchasing? What is their pattern of what they are purchasing? Is there any seasonality element in what they are purchasing? So, there are plenty of elements related to the retail data. And on top of that, they have historical data of a person, historical data of how that store may have performed in a specific season. Historic data about competitors, how they have done in the retail sector in a specific season for a specific type of cloth or for a specific type of product that they are selling. Then on top of that, our life has become public more or less with the mainstream usage of platforms like Facebook and Twitter, where people are sharing every little information about their life. People can kind of get information on the trend that looking at this data, what is it that we can derive that can help me restock my retail store in such a way that I am not over stocking. And I am stocking with the stuff that I know is going to sell because I have ability to analyze the trend based on the data that is present on Twitter. We can get a better grasp on the demographics of our user. It is no longer sufficient for people to identify just the gender and the age bracket for their demographics. A dataset powered by artificial intelligence will tell them very specifically what kind of people are going to buy your services, what kind of profile they would have, what kind of interest that they would have, what kind of communities that they go in. It will give a much richer dataset and not only that because it is powered by AI, it would be able to experiment, learn from it and adjust if needed. So for whatever reason, let's say if somebody is creating a hypothesis that people with interest in PHP would be able to buy this particular book. They would run this experiment for that people, for that group of people. They would then tie in with the conversion rate. If the conversion rate is looking healthy, they will keep on running that experiment. If not, they would probably change some parameters and see if that works. And that would happen automatically because they would be powered by AI. And similarly with the advent of facial recognition, they would pretty soon have cameras pretty much on every aisle of your retail stores. And using that information, as you are walking in, they would be able to identify who you are. And they would be able to tie in that information with your identity and make sense out of what could be the purpose of you in this store. If they can identify that purpose of your visit to this store is to, let's say by a pair of trousers, they can potentially give you a specific coupon code just for you. And that is possible. So let's tie everything in and see how it might look like in future. So let's say you are searching for a specific product online. You're searching for a pair of trousers.  And based on that they would give you probably information on which one is the closest store where you can find this pair of trousers. So they are already using that information to give you a personalized, a very unique experience that is just created for you. And irrespective of the technologies that we use, whether it is Magento or Basepoke, we need to make sure that when we are creating our stores, when we are creating our experience for the users, we are keeping that in mind because the norms is not going to be that user is going to be able to just perform a search. They would expect that all the other stores are offering contextual search. They would expect that user are, that other stores are using their personal data to give them a unique experience that is making their, their life easier. They would expect that from every store because that would be the new norm. Now let's take that journey forward. But assume that a user has just searched for a pair of trousers, but they have not completed the purchase for whatever reason. Now they go to a store. The store would already know that this particular user, as you walk in, they would identify with your face that you, this is the user that has performed a search on the website for this particular product. They would correlate that information and know that you have an interest in trousers, but you did not make any purchase on the website. And now in, you are in the store. So there is a possibility that you might buy this, buy this trouser. Then on every aisle, they have this camera. They would know what is your location in this store. They would identify that now you are in an aisle where you can potentially look for the store. You take out those trousers, you have a look at them, you try and make up your mind. But for whatever reason, you do not buy that product, you put it back. And at that stage, they would probably know that you have not taken it to your cart using the sensors that they might have to detect your activities that what is it that you are doing in that aisle. And as you walk out of the aisle, they would know that you have not taken your product. And imagine at that stage, if you have your, their mobile app installed on your mobile phone, you get a message saying that, hey, we are running a 30 percent off on these trousers. Would you be interested? Chances are that you would buy. And the chances are that if you are running your e-commerce store, you would want to replicate that behavior for your users. Because that is going to be the norm. And if we are not following the norm, then we would probably be left behind. So AI would open up lots of opportunity because of the kind of data that it would have, because of the potential it would have. And this is just one scenario. But then there are other things such as chat boards. People will not expect that you have a dedicated support line where you are put on hold to be able to speak with a customer. You would have automated chat board who would know who you are. And depending on the information that you need, you would get your results instantly. Because often, whenever you call a call center in the context of e-commerce, the reason of the call would be, where is my order? Now all these things can be handled very easily with the help of things like chat board. They can be handled very easily without you typing anything. If you have a device like Amazon ECO or Cortana or Google or Siri at home, you can just ask that question, hey, I am expecting this order from Amazon, where is it? And they will tell you that this is where your order is. So the things around us in the e-commerce ecosystem are changing rapidly because of the artificial intelligence. And there are already many players who are working in this field. There are many players that are working in different aspects of the e-commerce ecosystem. It will have impact on the manufacturing because G has a software called better software. And it can get integrated with any manufacturing unit. And depending on the thousands of data point that you can collect from your manufacturing process, it will tell you whether the product is defective or not. What would be the impact on the e-commerce? You would probably have less faulty products. As a result, your margin would probably improve. And you would have to plan in such a way that you would expect less returns. You would probably need fewer people on the resourcing side who handle your support calls and things like that. You have voice control assistant. There will be more intelligent product recommendation tool. Your product selection would take care of the season, would take care of the trend. And as a result, you would probably be able to stock with the stuff that you think that you know for sure that is going to sell. You would have ability to maybe provide contextual search, visual search. So you don't even need to type. You can just, within your e-commerce context, you should be able to say that, hey, I'm looking for a blue pair of jeans and my size is 32. And that should be good enough for them. Better still, you should be able to take a picture and say that I'm looking for a product like this.  And the moment we have few big players providing this kind of experience, the benchmark would change. Then it does not matter whether your e-commerce store is a small or big or medium. The benchmark would change and people would expect same things from every single e-commerce store. We will have changes in the physical retail store. So there is a product called PAPR. And that PAPR is a robot. It's a physical robot. And SoftBank has invested 200 million in installing those physical robots in different banks across Japan. And these robots, they know who the customer is when the customer walks in. They can offer the same kind of services that a cashier gives them. Imagine in future's retail store, instead of your traditional POS system, you would have robots like PAPR walking around in the retail store. How do you, as a e-commerce store, kind of integrate with that? How do you work in that ecosystem? These are the challenges that we would face in the future and it would be important for us to think about it now. We would have technologies like augmented reality. I'm sure most of you may have played the Pokemon Go game. And it was probably one of the best example of how you can mix physical life with your digital life. And the things like this will become more commonplace in future. When you, let's say, go to a store and using your augmented reality app or the e-commerce app, when you put your camera in front of a product and imagine if it is a food product and you get all the information about the origin of the content that has gone into making that product, calorie information or any other information that may be relevant in the context of that product, things like this will become commonplace. And we would need to provide the same experience because that would become the new benchmark. You may have heard about the experiment that Amazon did in Seattle with Amazon Go Retail Store. So if you have not heard of it, Amazon started on employees and there was no checkout desk. There was no employee in that store. There was no security guard in that store. If you work for Amazon, you would just walk in. And as you walk in, they would know who you are. They would automatically assign your identity with your Amazon Prime account. And when you are picking up any stuff from the shelf, it would know what you are picking up because every shelf is controlled by the sensor. It would know what you have picked up. And when you walk in, walk out, it would just detect that money from your checkout because with facial recognition, with sensors, they know exactly how much time you have spent, what you have picked up and what is the cost of that. The experience like this will become normal in future, I suppose. Changes like this are going to impact everything in the retail sector. And I think a platform like Magento would be benefited a lot with the changes in AI. Why I think that would be the case? The first Magento has excellent open architecture. And by having an open architecture, it can expose the entire product catalog and the sales data to any system that can be powered by AI. So if as a web store, if you are running a Magento store and if you want to utilize the power of AI, you can very easily integrate it with other AI libraries that can give you that analysis by just exposing the data that is already there in your Magento platform. It is an open architecture, so it can consume data from any web services. Most of these libraries that are powering this AI are now exposed as web services. And Magento, as you may already know, can be integrated very easily with any external web services and provide the data that it needs. Magento can provide deep integration with every aspect of e-commerce ecosystem, whether it is supply chain, to POS, to logistic and delivery. And because of this integration, right now that integration may be with POS, in future this integration may be with the robots like Pepper. In future that integration may be added with the facial recognition, the checkout may be related with facial recognition. It has got excellent APIs and integration with different APIs, makes it extremely easy for any Magento based application to take or utilize the power of AI. And on top of that, there is an excellent ecosystem of the marketplace. And many people have already started building this AI based extension that we can just use, just enable them in our web store and start using them. So there are for visual recommendation, there is an extension called view.ai. You can just take a picture and view.ai would suggest related or related products that look similar to the image that you have taken. We have search spring as an extension that provides contextual search. It would understand based on the customer data that it may have, that what is it that you are searching. So if you are selling books and if you are selling coffee and if you search for Java, it would know what is your customer profile and what kind of likelihood you have to purchase a coffee bean or a book. It would be able to do that. And I think as a solution provider it is on us to basically care about these things because our retail stores or our e-commerce stores they may or may not know about the implications of the AI. So I think we need to work as an educator in the retail sector specifically and give them the opportunity to embrace these changes that are there because of artificial intelligence. We need to think about the challenges and the changes that they would have to go through and provide support that Magento community or the Magento ecosystem provide. So with that I would like to ask you this question that what is it that we can do to help them. Anything? Well if there is nothing that we can think of right now I'm sure in future we will have plenty of things that will be able to contribute because artificial intelligence is here to stay. Let's have a conversation about it. Thank you for your time and attention guys. Happy to take any questions that you may have or we can talk about it afterwards. Thank you.