This 2017 GMC Sierra 2500 Crew Cab Long Box is stock number 12397Z. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, you're new and used heavy duty truck headquarters. This 2017 GMC Sierra 2500 has the 6-liter V8 engine. This truck has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. We're going to go inside all the way around under the hoods started up during this video. Cardinal red is the color and we shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone or television I highly recommend turning them on right now because it is your best way to check out the quality condition and options of this truck before seeing it in person. If you like the video and want to subscribe to our YouTube channel, the upper right hand part of the screen is a subscribe button. Click that and then click the bell notifications and you'll get updates on the videos we do each and every day here at Summit Auto. This one comes with the 18-inch chromed alloy rims. They're in excellent shape and it has Michelin LTX AT tires. These are LT 265 70 R18s and they have just about half the tread left on them.  I didn't see any corrosion or anything on there. Front fender is in excellent condition, no dents or dings on that. This one does have the HID headlamps and the LED running lights and the factory fog lights. All those lights on at the end of the video so you can see it all lit up. Front bumper is in excellent condition, no dents or dings on that. You do get the chrome trimmed grille on here. The hood is in very nice shape, I didn't see any major dents or dings on that. The passenger side front fender is in excellent condition as well. Passengers side rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there. As you go down this side of the truck, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the truck, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. If this video helps you make that decision and it helps you out, let your salesman know that you saw the video, enjoyed the video and that it helped you out and that Brett sent you. Back tires have just about as much tread as the front tires and the frame and underbody is in very nice condition. Like I said, just a little bit dusty but very nice and clean. Has the rockers and cab corners are all in excellent shape and it comes with a very nice set of factory chrome step bars. Pastner side box, no dents or dings on that. And as you come around to the back of the vehicle, the rear bumper is absolutely perfect. You get a full towing package of course with this truck, receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring. And that tailgate is in excellent condition as well, no dents or dings on that. Does have a locking tailgate, shock down assist tailgate, has a pretty nice spray and bed liner. You do get the LED bed lighting up there. Those turn on with the cargo lamps and we'll turn those on in a little bit during the video here. But the bed's in pretty nice shape. One little scratch on there but is a used truck. Coming on the driver's side just as clean as that passenger's side, no dents or dings on the box. And for full disclosure, this back rim is in excellent condition as well, no scuffs or scrapes. Down the rest of the side of the truck looks really good. You do get the telescopic tomiers built in directional signals, they have LED side lights. They telescope out like so, they also fold in like that and they go in nice and easy.  You get the 40-20-40 split bench seating, very nice condition on those seats. Power driver's seat, factory all-weather formats. This one does have auto headlamps, turn dial four-wheel drive and factory brake controller. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors and you do get the wood grain trim on the doors. We'll hop inside, take a look at the ignition and the radio and everything that this truck has to offer on the inside. 43,987 miles on this one, digital speedometer, compass display, instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the leather wrapped steering wheel, Bluetooth and information center controls on the right, cruise controls on the left. This one does have the six speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift. Comes with the GMC IntelliLink system, AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. It does have a projection manager where you can project your cell phone to the screen via Android, Auto or Apple CarPlay. So if you have a navigation system on your cell phone, project it to the screen and then it's like you have nav right on the screen. CD player, dual climate control, does have stability control and that's for your cargo lamps. That's also for your LED side lights and bed lighting. Does have a 12-volt power point and then a 110-volt, 150-watt plug-in down there. It's kind of hard to see. Other side format and seat are in excellent condition, no rips or tears on there. And the headliner is in really nice shape, I didn't see any rips or tears or major stains up there. Home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lane systems, map lights and on-star and SOS buttons in the review mirror. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats, no rips or tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system for any child car seats you may have. Fixed glass rear window with the built-in rear defrost. Seats are in excellent shape. They do fold up for extra storage.  Side curtain airbags on this truck. There are those LED bed lighting lights, bottoms of the doors and inside of the doors all look really good. There are those LED side lights. We'll start it up and take a quick look under the hood. Starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you'll have been able to verify the quality and condition of this truck inside and out. You can see those HID headlamps right there, LED running lights, nice and bright. Under the hood we have the 6 liter V8 engine. Engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. Once again this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. There is your emission sticker. And I would highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint. To see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons you name it we got to go to that website right there www.SummitAuto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at SummitAuto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to YouTube.com slash Summit Auto remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. Click the bell notifications you'll get updates on the videos we do each and every day here at Summit Auto. In fact in a second we'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel in the upper left. A link to more GMC Sierra 2500 truck videos like this one in the upper right. Links to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those check us out and we really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2017 GMC Sierra 2500 Crew Cab Long Box SLE1 and Cardinal Red Clear Coat. Thanks again for checking out the video.


Awesome. That brings us into our spotlights. Wes, take it away. Yes. Thank you so much. We're happy to announce that the Computer Overdata Working Group is launched. We've had our third meeting. All this information is available on cod.cloud as well as YouTube page. The purposes behind the Working Group are to create a space for collaboration. There are many different teams in addition to Baccalaureate that are trying to solve this problem of Computer Overdata. Increase awareness, marketing, go-to-market, because these projects, some of them are younger and they're attracted to user, VC interests, and then also to foster collaboration. There are often shared standards between different Computer Overdata projects, and we want to really invest in support those shared standards. We do have this upcoming second round of our Computer Overdata Summit. It's going to be Lisbon, November 2nd through 3rd. We very much encourage you to pencil in the dates. We'd love to have your attendance. Also, please jump into the Slack channel if you'd like to stay up to date on the developments there. The next big ask is, if you know of any Computer Overdata projects that are not part of the community yet, please do send them our way. We do want to grow the community. It's a big ecosystem out there, so we're always looking to add folks who are trying to solve these problems. Again, big thank you to Patrick and the Retrieval Working Groups for all their help getting this started. They definitely paved the way for us, so that's all we have for today. Thank you very much. Hi, Sam. Overdap and Skarka is Saturn. Good morning, all you beautiful people. So Saturn is Filecoin's content delivery network. Our mission every day, every single day is to make Filecoin fast. So we've got a lot of progress to report. While the network is still in testing, it has been growing, growing, growing. We are now 44 points of presence globally. That means L1 nodes. These are nodes running in data centers that end users will talk to first. And we have been loading those nodes, so we're now pushing over 80 terabytes and 120 million requests a day. And if that sounds familiar, that's our target. Our initial target is the IPFS gateway network load. So that's the same load. And how are we doing performance-wise of that load? We are 800 milliseconds faster at 95th percentile, time the first byte than the IPFS gateway. You can see a little graph of that in the upper right. And we're twice as fast as the IPFS gateway at the 50th percentile. And the L2 nodes, this is like the next step in the network. So L1s will cache missed the L2s. L2s will run on user desktops and station. You'll hear about station Julian shortly. And L2s will cache missed the IPFS network. And storage providers, that's forthcoming. Now, what's in the pipeline? What are we, what's on our menu next? We want to continue to improve the time the first byte faster, faster, faster. We want to integrate with the IPFS gateway and see how we can bring Saturn to the existing kind of production load with the IPFS gateway. And thereafter, we are aiming for a public L1 loss.   You can come jump in in Filecoin Saturn channel on Filecoin Slack. Check out the orchestrator, which is a piece of software that monitors the whole network, monitor our progress on GitHub. And then a huge shout out to the best little team of protocol labs, the Saturn team, let's keep cranking. And that's it. Woohoo, awesome. And now the other part of that station, Julian. Hey, I'm Julian. I'm part of the Filecoin Station project. And so we're building a desktop app for the Filecoin network, which actually spun out of the Saturn project. For users, this means that everyone can participate in the network by running the app and everyone can run Filecoin by doing so. And it should be easy to install and run so that we can just grow the network as much as possible. And so that, yeah, basically shouldn't even notice it's running for developers, station is a deployment target. The first module that will be deployed to station is the Saturn L2, which adds edge caching in the future. There's going to be a lot of computer over data use cases, which can be very interesting and whatever else you can think of. So we're building this as a open platform, right? And an open platform obviously also needs a good security model. We are still working on that. We might use IPVM and the other platform will also handle a resource allocation for you so that module authors can focus on the actual business logic and don't need to be concerned with using people's machines too much. If you have questions or ideas, please join us like. Thanks. Awesome. Jesse, quick update on the off-summit. Hey, okay. Jesse again. So last month we go into the Iceland with the IPFS thing together to our off-summit. We go to have a lot of learning and knowledge sharing which you can see the leasing here. We will slowly sharing with the community what we're going to do and I think today the data team will share a little bit about what the plan we're going to do in the data platform. You can see we have a lot of topic in there. Also we travel, go into the biking, marketing biking. It's pretty nice, very beautiful country and a lot of activity. So that's a head of a highlight from our off-summit. If you're interested in what we are doing here or want to join us for the next summit, please let us know. We also have a hiring page in here. If you want to do something with us, please reach out. Awesome. Thank you. We have a couple more and then on to deep guides. CryptoEcon Lab, Hishan. Awesome. So we had a very successful CryptoEcon Day in Paris. We had over 300 registrations and over 100 people attend. So I think that was our biggest one yet. We've been branching out to more non-PL speakers. I think our ratio at Paris was 50% from outside PL and 50% inside PL. And you can see the links on our CryptoEcon Day website. We keep all the talks there. So if anybody wants to watch them, they're there. We've also had two new team members join. Juan Pablo, he joined in Paris and Shyam is joining part-time in next week and then full-time in September. Some upcoming things. We have a new CryptoEcon website that Dave is working on. And then we have CryptoEcon Days in Singapore, Bogota and Lisbon. So if you guys are interested, please register and come to our events. I think they're gonna be great. And Dave has done a great job of finding new people to give talks at each of the events. And then some ongoing projects. So we're working on the sector duration FIP, which I think is pretty well-known and Tom and Vik have been doing a great job there. Saturn Aliens, we just started working on doing some gas modeling, hierarchical consensus and then project Atlas. And then we are also looking to hire a couple of research scientists and three to four software engineers. So if you know anyone who's interested in working on this type of projects, please ping me and I will reach out. Awesome, I give us things, Steve. Yeah, awesome. This happened earlier here last month in July in Iceland. There's been different mentions to it, but yeah, we got around 80 folks, 30 different projects represented, 12 different tracks you can see. A lot of recorded video from this, that'll be going live early next week. So stay tuned for that. But emphasis on multiple areas, certainly the various implementations and experimentation. We talked about the spec improvement process and kind of as soon as that got lit up, like we immediately had people engaging with it, which is great to see. And I think a real highlight for me was to see that there was a lot of orgs outside of protocol labs really working together in a networked fashion. The IPFS and wasm track, kind of birthed the Interplanetary Virtual Machine Working Group. So you can join that on Discord and Filecoin Slack. And similarly, the Content Addressable Alliance, Working Group has gotten started with that, you know, it advocates and promotes the usage of content addressing in different places. So good stuff there. There's more coming here in terms of recap blog posts. Right after this call, there was actually a bi-weekly implementers sync to carry on some of the conversation. And we're gonna be creating a monthly builder sync as well. And for folks to be aware of IPFS camp will be coming where we'll gather the whole community. And details on that will be shared in the ipfs.tech blog and IPFS newsletter as soon as we have it. But thanks all for those involved. Good times. Awesome.


Hello students, we continue with the Fokker Planck description of a stochastic process. This is the equation that describes Brownian motion. It is also known in the language of stochastic processes as Wiener process. This is a special name for unbiased Brownian motion because it has certain characteristics. The if for example, it is it describes the evolution of a random variable in a time ordered indexing. So, if let us say we describe the time axis from 0 to t and if x is the random variable and in our case x is the displacement. So, let us say there is any time s and then the remaining time t minus s this is t minus s. Then when we say x t, it is the random variable x value at time t. Similarly, therefore x t and x s are the random variables at time t and s where t is greater than s. Then the Wiener process has a certain characteristics. Some important characteristic is basically already contained in the Gaussian solution that we obtained. But in a in a general way of expressing the we can list the characteristics of a Wiener process or a Brownian process, these are as follows. First is the x is that is a displacement, but it is actually the random variable x t minus x x s it will be a actually eventually what matters this basically net displacement difference between t and s. That net displacement eventually is a function only of t minus s. So, there is a kind of a translational invariance in the time space. We always should note that it is valid for all s less than or equal to t greater than 0 let us say. This is one characteristic. We can start of course with the property that the value of the random variable is 0 when the time is 0. And the third important property is that the variable x t minus x s is Gaussian distributed distributed with the mean 0 and variance t minus s for all s less than or equal to t. That is always a constraint as I mentioned we it is a time ordered process you cannot have a probability distribution from the information obtained with a probability distribution at a later time. So, it is always a progressive you can obtain the probability distribution at a later time from the information provided from the position at a prior time that is the idea. And the next fourth important property is that the covariance of x s and x t minus x s this is 0 for all s less than or equal to t covariance is basically you know if covariance of just a definition that is just information covariance is defined for a distributed quantity for distributed quantities is defined as say cough of any two quantities x and y is basically an integral x minus x bar y minus y bar w x y dx dy. So, this is the way we define covariance. So, what the condition fourth states is that the distribution of position distribution of position in a disjoint time intervals thus for example, this is the s length and this is the t minus s length. So, the distribution at a later times in disjoint intervals do not depend on the distribution at the earlier time. So, as hence there is sort of a correlation there they are uncorrelated the distribution at later times position at a later time is uncorrelated with the position at a prior time. So, this is the important property that comes from a Markovian assumption that we have made. So, with this interesting properties one can obtain a very important result that the covariance of x s and x t covariance of the displacement at time s and displacement at time t this is always minimum of s and t for all minimum of s and t. So, now let us say s and t we do not know which one is larger, but it will select whichever is smaller this can be proved easily from one of the four criteria that we have set for a Wiener process that is we know that covariance of x s x t can be written as covariance of x s and x t can be written as x t minus x x s plus x s I am just adding and subtracting x s. Now therefore, the covariance this can be expanded this will be covariance of x s covariance of x s with the x s plus covariance of x s with the x t minus x s and now let us say that s is less than t let s be less than t then we know from the previous condition that is the condition 4 above that covariance of x s with the x t minus x s is 0 this is 0 because there belong to disjoint intervals s and t minus s will always be disjoint and therefore, this will be equal to 0 by condition 4 for a Wiener process. Then covariance of x s x t now s is smaller that is why this happened is is is equal to covariance of x s comma x s and this is just s plus 0 equal to s. So, this proves our statement that the covariance into intervals selects the smallest of them. So, this is just a kind of a introductory information I am giving you as a digression to a to the equivalence of the solution that we obtained as a solution of Brownian motion which in the literature sometimes is also called as a Wiener process. All these conditions for example, are satisfied if we write W of x t comma x s the distribution function as 1 by square root of 2 pi t minus s e to the power minus x t minus x s whole square by 4 t minus s for all for all s lying between 0 to t. We have made an assumption that set this result is true assuming d equal to 1 we have set d equal to 1 above it is just a constant diffusion coefficient equal to 1 unit above. So, the probability of obtaining a displacements x t given that it was x s. So, it is a conditional statement we can also write it in the conditional way given that it was x s at an earlier time s is just given by a Gaussian distribution x t minus x s whole square by 4 into t minus s and this is completely consistent with all the Wiener process conditions that we have put. We can go further and obtain many other results right now we stop here just having gotten a flavor of how from the Fokker-Planck explicit solution of the Fokker-Planck equation we have mapped it into the into a Wiener process. So, with this we further continue to finding the solution of the continuous formulation that is a Fokker-Planck formulation and compare with the limits that we obtained by the discrete formulations that was done earlier using the random walk model of Brownian motion. So, we now take the Fokker-Planck equation solution to absorbing barrier problem. Starting from the random walk model considering a bias either towards an absorber or away from the absorber we have arrived at both a discrete form of the solution as well as the continuum form. This was done in lectures 27 and lecture 28 deal with random walks solution to this problem solution to 1D bias absorber problem. Let us try to see how the form of solution that you will get if you go by the continuum formulation of the Fokker-Planck equation. So, accordingly we proceed as follows. Now proof let us consider this is the x coordinate and there is a barrier at x equal to 0 this is a barrier absorbing barrier and the random walker starts from some point x naught at t equal to 0. Let us say that there exists a certain bias either away is a bias either away or towards the absorber. So, we want to obtain an explicit time solution to this problem by using the differential equation formulation that we derived. A part of taking up this problem is also to illustrate method of solutions when you have problems expressed in a continuum form. The advantage is the problems that we could not have handled by discrete methods or would have been very difficult to handle by discrete methods can be addressed by the continuum methods and this is an illustration of that advantage. There are well known problems like for example, a particle diffusing particle or a Brownian particle settling under gravity. Now the question is whether it will eventually escape gravity or whether it will be trapped on the surface is a very valid question. Similarly, there was a question of random walk modeling of gambler's ruin. So, this is relevance one Brownian motion say under an electric field or a gravity under external fields it can be electric or gravitational electric or gravity near an absorber. This absorber can be an electrode or it can be a ceiling or a wall as the case may be. So, this another another relevance is gambler's ruin this we saw. When we did this problem under discrete random walk a bias parameter gamma was used. However, in the Fokker Planck formulation we do not have explicitly a bias parameter, but instead we have an equivalent of a velocity which introduces asymmetry in motion. So, accordingly we keep the velocity term and formulate the Fokker Planck equation. Bias is accounted for the term velocity term in the Fokker Planck equation or drift velocity or the drift term. The equation is the FPE is we have written dw by dt equal to minus of let us say the velocity is u a steady flow type velocity then it will be first order term multiplying the velocity and if it has a diffusion coefficient d then it would be d 2 w by dx square in the domain x 0 to infinity. We are talking of positive axis as the space available for diffusion. So, to solve this we need certain conditions. So, we need one condition that w is a boundary and initial condition boundary conditions and initial conditions. So, the boundary condition is that the since it is an absorber at x equal to 0 at all times the probability of finding the particle in the closest vicinity of the absorber is 0. That means, w 0 t is 0 and we have seen it from the random walk model also that the solution with an absorber is equivalent to finding solution with absorber concentration kept at 0. Then we need another condition at infinity and we presume that at infinity it should be bounded it should be finite it cannot diverge. Similarly, the initial condition is w of x at all at 0 at time equal to 0 should be some delta of x minus x 0 it has started from some point x 0. So, this is the last of them is the initial condition the first two are the boundary conditions and this is the initial condition these are sufficient for solving this partial differential equation. We eliminate the number of parameters let us say this we call as equation 1. So, divide equation 1 by d then we will have dw by I will write a one step I will skip now and explain why. So, dw by d tau will be minus of nu dw by dx plus d 2 w by dx square where I have defined tau equal to dt and nu equal to u by d. So, dimensionally dt has a time of meter square per second into second. So, it is meter square dimensionally tau and nu has the dimension of 1 by meter. So, that eventually there is a meter square in the denominator of all the 3 terms. So, with this we can we have to think of how to solve this equation we can rewrite the equation here as hence we have dw by d tau equal to minus nu dw by dx plus d 2 w by dx square. And of course, we will keep one in the important condition w x at the absorber is I mean the distribution at initially time 0 is delta x minus x naught and main condition is w 0 at all now tau that is going to be 0 this absorption we see. To solve this equation we need to make certain transformations one of the tricks that we can follow is to try to reduce the first order term and that is done by the following transformation we define a nu dependent variable define nu dependent variable y x tau by definition is w x tau e to the power minus of nu by 2 x. We just multiply w by e to the power minus nu by 2 x and that we call as y this basically implies wherever w is there we can substitute as y e to the power nu by 2 x. Now the advantage of this transformation is that it exactly cancels with minus nu w by x and you can see it ourselves why because we need a term called to dw by dx. So, dw by dx is going to be e to the power nu x by 2 into dy by dx plus nu by 2 e to the power nu x by 2 or you can write it as e to the power nu x by 2 dy by dx plus nu by 2 y bracket here you can take it out. Now we need a second derivative. So, if you do the second derivative we get dw by dx square now there are 3 terms 2 terms, but you have to do it again. So, if I keep this e to the power nu x by 2 out then here it will be d 2 y by dx square here it is nu by 2 dy by dx and the other term will be e to the again a nu by 2 factor will come. So, I am going to take it inside e to the power nu x by 2 and here it will be nu by 2 d by by dx and here it is going to be nu by 2 into nu by 2. So, nu square by 4 y this can be simplified for the before we do that. So, I take e to the power nu x by 2 out again and this will be d 2 y by dx square plus nu by 2 dy by dx plus nu by it should be nu dy by dx plus nu square by 4 y. Now we can see very quickly using the by comparing the last term here d 2 w by dx square as written here and if you substitute d 2 w by dx square minus nu d w by dx since nu d w by dx is going to also have minus nu dy by dx whereas, here you have a plus nu dy by dx the dy by dx exactly cancels. Hence the right hand side of the equation becomes r h s that is d 2 w by dx square minus nu d w by dx that will go over to d e to the power nu x by 2 into d 2 y by dx square minus nu square by 4 into y. We can say the term nu dy by dx cancels. So, as a result hence the equation becomes if you substitute the left hand side is d w by d tau if you go back here the d w by d term here will simply be if you do this substitution there is no tau dependent. So, it will be simply e to the power nu by 2 x dy by d tau e to the power nu by 2 x exists both on left hand the right hand side. So, it will cancel completely. So, one obtains the equation dy by d tau equal to d 2 y by dx square minus nu square by 4 y. You can see that the y being our nu variable it will satisfy the conditions y at the absorber pointed tau by definition will be equal to w at the absorber pointed tau e to the power from our definition of y it is e to the power minus nu x by 2. So, minus 0 it will be which is only w 0 tau and that was 0 because e to the power 0 is 1. So, it does not matter and y at initial time should be equal to delta x minus x naught e to the power minus nu x by 2. Since it matters delta function has a relevance only at x equal to x naught e to the power minus nu x by 2 can also be written as e to the power minus nu x naught by 2 it does not matter because it is a selector. So, one can also write this as e to the power minus nu x naught by 2 by virtue of the property of delta function. This is now a new equation we call it as equation 2 and we try to solve equation 2 under the specified conditions which we believe or we hope that is going to be simpler than the first earlier equation 1 by virtue of our having eliminated the first order term. Thank you.


In this video, we're going to be talking about Chapter 6, Social Problems in Everyday Life from the book Thinking about Social Problems, and we will be reviewing concepts that are on the exam. So in this chapter, Lowsky is taking a look, kind of stepping back from the process and asking, what are the effects of successful social problems claims? What makes them successful and how do they affect changes both in policy and in our culture? We change the world by shaping policy and what she means by this is the objective world. So if a social problems claim gets to the point where it actually makes changes in policy, those changes in policy change the conditions in the world that we observe. These are objective changes. It changes the facts about our social world. But it also changes how we think about other people, how we evaluate people, how we evaluate those conditions. So there is this objective change, meaning something is now different in our world, and there is this subjective change, meaning people have changed their minds and their hearts and their values around evaluating people and conditions. So she talks about how social problems claims construct the images of how we think about people and how those things affect real people in real life. So one of the things that happens is we start to change how we think about types of people. A good example of this is before the disability rights movement and before the changes in laws such as the ADA, most people who were disabled were thought of as defective. There was a term when I was a kid called shut-ins, S-H-U-T-I-N-S, and this was referring to older people or disabled people who could not get out and be a part of society. Since access has an accommodation has changed. There's a real facts. There was a law that changed. It was called the Americans with Disabilities Act. That law was implemented in such a way that sidewalks changed, doors changed, ramps were added. All of these real objective changes happened. But also what happened is we changed the way we thought about persons who live with disabilities. These are now images of these people. It's a very different image than it was like 50 or 60 years ago.  They are not considered only worthy of staying home and being cared for. We also changed the way we think about what is and is not a problem. Perfect example of this is marijuana. So 33 states now have laws that have legalized to some extent or decriminalized to some extent possession and use of marijuana. It hasn't been that so long ago that marijuana was considered a really big problem that needed to be solved, that needed to address. There is this term called the gateway drug and the image that we had is that if you took marijuana, you couldn't help but go on to take all of these other more horrible things. And now people don't think that way. They see it as non-addictive. They see it as an alternative medication to opioids and other kinds of drugs that do create bad addictions. They see it as a personal choice on the part of people and not a public nuisance. We also, because of social problems claims, begin to rethink what needs are, what people actually do need and what they don't need. A really good example of this is related to marijuana, but the idea of drug addiction itself. So for a while it was considered the need of a drug addict to be put in jail and be punished for the things that they have done, the crimes that they've committed in, you know, taking heroin or whatever. Now a lot of people are beginning to see that as a need for rehab, a need for counseling, a need for, you know, going to Narcon or to Alcoholics Anonymous or something like that. So we have shifted in our focus from the criminality of it, which needs to be discouraged through the medicalization of it, which needs to be treated. And also it changes how we think about law, how we think about physical environments, how we think about services. So with the passage of the ADA, there were a lot of changes to physical environments. There were laws that were passed that had to be passed on the local level in order to get federal funding. And when those laws were passed on the local level, it changed the physical environment. It also created a whole class of attorneys that are well-versed in disability law who represent both businesses and persons with disabilities in order to work out the negotiation of accommodations. So here you have social issues that have been, that solutions have been argued for, that policies have changed, that the way we, that in turn has changed the way we think about specific things, specific people, specific problems, specific needs, laws, environmental services and so forth. And what Loski is talking about is that this is a change in cultural climate, that this actually goes further than simply being an objective change that we can measure. It's also a change in how we socialize our children, what kind of symbology we use in talking to each other. It evokes, you know, a difference in the way that we see our world. It changes some cultural themes. When we talk about battered women now, we don't have just the theme of a family anymore. We have a theme of a functional family versus a dysfunctional family. So we have new terminology that we use, that word dysfunctional family is a term that nobody really talked about before the 1980s. It also creates new emphasis on different cultures. So, you know, now that we have, for instance, legalized same sex marriage, then the emphasis on family is no longer an emphasis on man, woman, child. We have an understanding of family life as being a much broader category with an emphasis on people who want to live together and want to create a loving home, rather than just that nuclear family idea that we have in our head. And also in a change in cultural climate will change the way we evaluate conditions and people, because this is a change of values, and that just means a change of what's important and what is not important to us. We begin to have a different understanding of what is acceptable. We go back to the marijuana example on this, you know, people can talk freely about their marijuana use in a way that they couldn't do before. It changes what is at least tolerable. So, while a lot of people are not comfortable with same sex relationships since the same sex marriage has become the law of the land. You hear people evaluate that as they have a right to that. That's their thing. And it may not be acceptable to a highly religious person, but it is tolerable because it is part of freedom in their mind. It also can change what is unacceptable. Go back to mothers against drunk driving, driving while drunk, driving after having a drink has changed quite a bit. It's even changed during the time that mothers against drunk driving has been addressing the social issue. In the 1980s, it was the motto was not don't drink and drive. It was don't drive drunk. And it morphed into and changed in the 1990s to if you are going to drive, you shouldn't take one drink, a single drink, even though for most people, unless you're very, very low weight. One single drink will not make you impaired. It will not make you drunk. But that has become an unacceptable thing to take a drink of alcohol and then get behind the wheel. And then we have things that are no longer tolerated at all. And you see people say that in certain circumstances.  Okay, so for a very long time when people talked about sexual abuse of children, they made a distinction. And that distinction was people who were sexually attracted to children.  And they were called child molesters. Well, there is become a zero tolerance to people who abuse children sexually. And so the word pedophile has come to be a broader definition. Almost anybody who actively does something sexual, even if it is not considered under the law to be actual rape, is still considered pedophilia. And people talk about it in terms of sexual predators. And there is very little toleration for anybody who gets put in that category. Because it is a not tolerated condition where it used to be a little more nuanced in the way that people talked about it. Drug driving is also in that, you know, people who say I took one drink and I'm going to drive among some people that is just not tolerated anymore. You should not consume alcohol in any amount and get behind a wheel. So these are social evaluations of conditions and people that have changed considerably as social problems claims have been made and have been accepted and solutions have become public policy. And this, of course, has changed our real life, everyday life experiences. Now, Leweski turns to the topic of complexity. Now we've talked about how formula stories have a tendency to make it, to make talking about social problems much more simplistic than real life. So in this chapter in talking about real life, she begins to address the idea of how social change is not, is more complex. It's not like you have a problem, and you fix the problem, and now everybody's happy and we've successfully changed the world. It is a lot more complex than that and a lot more ongoing and not so neat. So both objective and subjective changes occur. And, you know, as we've been discussing, and those, those objective changes might be measurable and might be factual, but the subjective changes that interpret those objective changes make things a little bit more complex. Often because not everybody's point of view is the same, it creates counter claims, things that people are reacting to this. And now they're making changes that are different from the changes that have been made. And this is why political controversy continues. So you may have, for instance, see a good example of this would be Obamacare. Okay, so the Affordable Care Act, which essentially changed how insurance works in our society was passed in 2009. And it was an effort to bring insurance coverage to more people. And the hope was that that would make healthcare more fair to people would, and it would also create better health for people. To a certain extent, it has done that. There are a lot more people who have access to higher quality care than before, before this was passed. And there are some objective studies that demonstrate this. But people have different interpretations of this. And you have people who make counter claims all the time, who want to take back some or all of this, who have worked very hard over the last nine years, or sorry, 11 years to make, to make something different or to repeal that, or so forth. So, you know, it didn't really change everybody's subjective view, like the facts are there you can see more people have access. There are a number of studies that have demonstrated many benefits to that change in law. It's not perfect benefits. There are people who have are now required to buy insurance that weren't required to buy it before. And they see that as putting a burden on them. There are people who feel like it's not gone far enough. And therefore see it as too small of a change. So it still remains a controversy. It's still an ongoing discussion. Even though some objective changes have been made. Political power can often overcome general support or something. And boy, are we seeing this nowadays. Probably the best example of this is that in most research that has been done on public opinion around pro choice and people being able to choose women being able to choose whether or not they will terminate a pregnancy. It's something you know, like really like 70 to 80% agree with that in our country. Most people are pro choice. If you ask the question, they will support that idea. It has become law that there is a group of people who have a lot of political power who are who call themselves pro life and do not like the fact that we have legalized abortion. And they are constantly shaping the ways in which people are elected. They're constantly are shaping the policies that are made. It's been a big factor in the shaping of the Supreme Court and who has been appointed. And this is shows that even though objective changes have been made and a lot of a lot of data exists to show that there is general support for this. You still are up against some very powerful forces that would like to change it. Oftentimes changes are unchallenged. They get taken for granted and become popular wisdom, meaning that everybody just knows that that's the way it is. And as such, it can create a new set of problems without taking a look at how we got there or why we got there and so forth. So again, you know, something has changed. The social change is there that people don't remember why it changed that way. It becomes part of the way things are. And if the way things are create other problems, it becomes harder to change those other problems because of that taken for granted aspect of that change. And again, you know, she's emphasizing there is the objective reality and you can measure things. She wants to make sure you understand that because we are concentrating on subjective interpretation of that reality, we are not saying that it's not real. Things are real, but what matters also is how people think about that, interpret that, talk about that, how they create those ideas about people and conditions, even as that objective reality has changed. And our understanding of objective reality is not enough in our understanding of how social change works. We also must understand how people are thinking about those changes and objective reality. And the last point that she's trying to make about this and the reason that it remains complex is that the game is always on. And the reason by that is one solution of a social problem can lead to a number of other social problems. It can be reversed because of political power. It can be misinterpreted or the interpretation can change over time. So it's very rare that things change. That's it. We're done. We've successfully changed it and it's over with. And that is true of quite a few things in the realm of the social world. You know, there's a kind of history repeating itself that often happens as well. I mean, we're seeing this in terms of fighting for civil rights. In the 1960s moved us forward, but it seems like, you know, in some ways we're back to some of the problems that are still there. And we've slipped back a little bit by having these very prominent white supremacy groups that pick up steam and social media, get media attention from the mainstream media and so forth. So it's just the work is always ongoing. It's very rare for social change to be done. And that's because, you know, one of the basic tenants of social construction is that we are always creating our world. It is not ever a done deal. And so because the social problems game is a game of social construction, it is always going to be a part of. So how does this affect everyday life? You know, what does this mean to you in your everyday life? Well, for one thing, social construction is done by practical actors. These are people who have, you know, skin in the game, if you will, and as such, because they are practical actors, they may not be consistent. We also have changes in categorizations. So we may, in our everyday life, think in some categories when we're younger and as we grow older, we begin to change the categories that are important to us. We may decide that somebody is a victim or not a victim because we have changed the category of what victimhood is. We may also change who is a villain or not a villain and all because in our everyday experience as problems change, we begin to pick up on who are the bad guys and maybe not see some of the bad guys that were there before. So an example of changing who the type of villain, again, going back to marijuana legalization at one point, anybody who did drugs, including marijuana were considered bad people. Not so much anymore. They're just considered somebody who has, who's making a choice that is their personal choice. So we no longer see them as a villain just because they use marijuana. Somebody that we see that we've seen as a victim in the past might be a young man who just got a little drunk, had a bad night, ended up having sex with somebody that may or may not be that willing. And we kind of saw them as a victim of sowing your wild oats and being boys will be boys kind of thing and we no longer think of those guys as victims at all. We now put them in the category of villain and we talk about how men should be more responsible about the ways in which they treat women. So this is a, since the you two, me two movement and the, and the testimonies of women who have been sexually assaulted and sexually harassed by men. We've changed our minds and the way that we construct victims and villains and what used to be thought of as, you know, like that thing that happened at the party kind of thing so our everyday life is changed and not in always comfortable ways for a lot of people. There is always going to be competition when you make social change there. Nobody is ever going to propose a social change that everybody agrees on. There's going to be competition and how we categorize things. When you hear people talking about something is being quote unquote politically correct. So to one group of people that action is a just action that should be done out of consideration for people to another group of people that is a set of rules that are being imposed on them for by somebody else. That is very much a surface it's mint. They see those people is trying to look good, rather than actually doing something from their, from their own experience or their own mind and feeling. Another way that competition happens is that who gets to be the categorizer and who gets to be the categorized is often where the fight happens right. Good example of this is disability rights activism. So for a very long time when people talked about working with people with disabilities.  And as the movement came into being there was a motto among disabled activists, nothing about us without us. And what that means is that if you want to talk about making changes that makes the lives of people with disabilities easier, you need to include the voices of the people who are living this in their everyday life. So instead of categorizing them, they become the categorizer. And then of course you can't talk about social change without talking about power dynamics. Power dynamics are an important aspect of the social problems work and the reason that power is always going to be part of the equation is because people who have power would have already made the change. It wouldn't be a problem, right? It's a problem because people in power don't see it as a problem and have not used their power to make a change in it. So that's why you are always going to be trying to get somebody in power to change their minds or their hearts about something. This work, this process of evaluating and categorizing low ski calls social problems work and what she means by that is that people actually have to think and do things in order to make this change happen. It isn't just a matter of thinking. It's a matter of money. It's a matter of time. It's a matter of effort. It actually is a kind of work that gets done. And that work can be hard sometimes because as we're evaluating and categorizing things, our experiences are complex. They are not easily categorized. We don't always see them as totally good or totally bad. The other thing is that very often when we're talking about categories, categories, especially categories of people, there are always exceptions. Because while groups of people can be measured and talked about as a group, you can't assume that what you're talking about on a group level translates to understanding each individual that is in that group. And oftentimes those categories can be imposed by somebody else. And people within that category do not have a sense that they are part of that category. They see themselves in a much different light. Also, what we think is right and what we think is wrong is not necessarily going to stay the same our entire life. This is true on a personal level and this is true on a collective level. Morality is not fixed. And because of that, we are always going to be doing this work of reevaluating and recategorizing. The other thing is that these evaluating and categorizing might be used by practical actors in their everyday lives, but it could be regarded as so far away from your everyday life that you don't make this change. You don't reevaluate, you don't recategorize. It just isn't relevant to some practical actors. And then of course cultural resources can affect this. So cultural resources are things that are available to people within a particular society that they can draw upon to be able to understand these categories and reevaluate things. If these cultural resources need to change considerably, then it can be very difficult to convince them to do this reevaluation, this recategorization. And also if those cultural resources are actually working against the stuff that you're trying to reevaluate and recategorize, then it can be a very uphill battle to get that change. Because culture, the nature of culture is that people who are within a culture, who have been raised within that culture, internalize what they've learned and they internalize these resources. And they don't think, especially if they're part of the dominant culture, they don't think, oh, that's the way I understand it. They think this is what people do. They take it for granted. And because of that taking for granted aspect of these cultural resources, if a cultural resource needs to change in order to affect this reevaluation, this recategorizing, it can be very, very difficult. The next thing that Lowsky gets into is what she calls personal identities and collective identities. These are the way that people think about themselves, the way they identify who they are and the way they identify who other people are. So personal identity is asking the question on a very individual level, who am I? Now we use a lot of cultural resources, a lot of categories, a lot of ideas about what is valuable and what is not valuable to define who we are. Very rarely, and I would assert never, but I don't like to use that word never, do people see themselves in a vacuum? They always are going to consider at least what my family thinks, what other people think about me, what society thinks about me and so forth. But we also, on a personal level, when we interact with somebody else, are asking ourselves who are you as well. So there is this understanding of who we are and who the other person is, and we draw upon these new categories, these social changes to change our understanding and answer these questions differently. But there's also a collective aspect to this, because we're talking sociology and we're talking social forces here and social problems. And so that collective change in identity changes the way we categorize people. It changes the way we evaluate what is good and what is bad within our society. It changes our practical experiences as a collective. So these, these affect our everyday life. If we are given new types of categories of people, if we are given new resources to evaluate our social worlds, this may not change every individual in the collective, but it does give context to your personal identity. And she deals in the latter part of the chapter with this problem of constructing a victim. So there, you know, we've said a number of times, formula stories are stories that simplify things. And one of the problems with simplifying the definition of a victim is that most victims are not that good, right? Not that perfect. But the pros are that, you know, if you call somebody a victim, then you're saying they're a good person. You're saying they're not to blame. You've released them from responsibilities. So, you know, being a victim can kind of be a good thing under this construction because you no longer feel guilty. You no longer feel like it's you that has to change. The cons, though, are that you are no longer in control of your life.   We are also saying that there are things that you can't take care of yourself. And oftentimes a lot of people who are put in the victim role feel like they are a failure, that they've done something wrong. Even though they are not to blame, they still are not able to take control of their lives the way most of us feel we should do and act positively on the world. So we have to be careful in constructing the victim role because we can make, impose upon people a sense of failure and helplessness that is an unintended consequence of trying to help them. And therefore, you hear a lot of people who are constructed as victims talk about themselves, not as victims, but as survivors. And this is a language that came up, especially in the 1980s when people started talking publicly about childhood sexual abuse, about being raped and other types of crimes that have been committed against them. And they rejected this label victim and started arguing that they were survivors, that they were somebody who had been through this and had faced a lot of issues through no fault of their own. But they were taking control of their lives now and they were moving forward by dealing with the impacts that this victimhood had had on them. And they prefer to think of themselves and construct their personal identity, but also asking other people to construct the collective identity as somebody who has survived, not somebody that was a victim.


Hello, I'm David Digger Hernandez, and you're watching Spirit Church here on the Encounter TV Network. One day, every knee will bow, and every tongue will confess that Jesus Christ is Lord. All of humanity will bow before and acknowledge the Lordship of Christ. I'm continuing my Eternity series, and I'm talking about the final judgment. Before we get into that lesson, Stephen Mockezuma is here. He's going to lead you in some anointed worship, and then we're going to get right into the message here is Stephen Mockezuma. There is nothing like your love, and I just want to be with you. So to start, I just want to recap where we've been going throughout this Eternity series. And in order to do that, I need to go over with you the chronological timeline that I've laid down for you. And this chronological timeline highlights major milestones as they pertain to the afterlife and the end times. Now, when you start to study the afterlife, as I said before, you're somewhat forced into also studying the end times. So I'm just going to give you a quick recap, and then I'm going to start talking about where we are here in the lesson, which is the final judgment. So first of all, there's the creation. This is when God forms the heavens and the earth. This is the beginning of time. This is when he creates man. Then there's the giving of the law. Then there is the cross. This is where Christ sheds his blood, allowing for God to forgive the sins of man righteously or justly, because he didn't just save us in mercy. He saved us in justice. So because of the shed blood of Jesus, there was the legal payment given for the penalty of our sins. So God could give to us the righteousness of Christ. Then there is the resurrection of Jesus, the birth of the church. This is where we are right now. We are in the church age. This is where we are charged with spreading the gospel all around the world. Then there is the rapture, the tribulation, which is a seven-year period. Some say half good and half bad. Some say all chaotic. Whatever the case, it's a seven-year period after the rapture and before the return of Christ. Now at the return of Christ, the battle of Armageddon takes place. This is when Satan, the anti-Christ, the false prophet, raise an army of nations that seek to go against God, but they are struck down at the battle of Armageddon. Then after the enemy is defeated in that way, there is the judgment of nations. This is where all of those who have lived through the tribulation are judged just before the millennial reign of Christ. This is the separating of the sheep and the goats. So remember that some people are going to give their lives to Christ during the tribulation. So that separation happens at the judgment of nations, then begins the millennial reign. This is a thousand years where Christ reigns and rules with an earthly kingdom. Then for one more time, Satan is released upon the earth. This is toward the end of the millennial reign and he's released to deceive the nations again. He raises yet again an army and this is the final battle. This is where Satan is finally defeated and he is cast into the lake of fire once and for all. And then we see the final judgment. Now remember the final judgment really is the third judgment. There are three judgments, three major judgments that humanity must face. And I talked a little bit about this a couple of weeks ago when I talked about the three judgments. So there is the judgment of the righteous. Now we as believers have what I like to call a spiritual express checkout. As soon as the believer dies, we stand before God, we're judged, we receive our glorified body. Now the unbeliever doesn't have this privilege.  So the first judgment is the judgment of the believer. This is ongoing. This has been happening ever since righteous people have been dying. And so when we die, we stand before God, we receive the rewards that Christ paid for with his blood. The second judgment, the judgment of nations, again, this is the judgment of those who've lived during the tribulation. And this separates those who've received Christ from those who haven't during that seven year period. And those who've received Christ enter into that millennial reign. After the millennial reign, we of course have the final defeat of Satan, the final defeat of evil, and the final judgment. And this is where we now pick up the lesson. The scripture says in Revelation chapter 20 verses 11 through 15. And I saw a great white throne, and the one sitting on it. The earth and sky fled from his presence, but they found no place to hide. I saw the dead both great and small, standing before God's throne. And the books were opened, including the book of life. And the dead were judged according to what they had done, as recorded in the books. The sea gave up its dead, and death in the grave gave up their dead. And all were judged according to their deeds. Then death in the grave were thrown into the lake of fire. This lake of fire is the second death. And anyone whose name was not recorded in the book of life was thrown into the lake of fire. So here we see that now those who never received Christ are receiving judgment.    And they know that they are being judged. The scripture tells us that all wrath was poured out upon Christ when God crucified him. And it really was the Lord. It was the Father who crucified Jesus. It was His choice to do it, and Jesus laid down His life. But for those who have not received Christ, there is no appeasement of the wrath of God. Now I know this isn't popular, and a lot of people don't like to hear this, but the truth is that on Judgment Day, God is going to pour out His wrath on those who have not received Christ. On that final day, they finally receive in full the penalty of their sins. Why? Because they've not been covered in the blood. They've not received God's free gift of salvation. At this point, all the mercy is gone. And they stand before a holy God with perfect memory of what they've done in the past life. And God judges them. And the scripture says they're thrown into the lake of fire. Now, the ungodly, after they're resurrected and they face judgment, experience the terror of a righteous God. 2 Peter chapter 2 verses 9 through 10 say, So you see the Lord knows how to rescue godly people from their trials, even while keeping the wicked under punishment until what? The day of final judgment.  These people are proud and arrogant, daring even to scoff at supernatural beings without so much as trembling. In other words, they were in a holding place and he keeps them under that holding until the day of final judgment. That is the third and final judgment. Now, the Bible says in Revelation chapter 21 verse 8, But cowards, unbelievers, the corrupt, murderers, the immoral, those who practice witchcraft, idol worshippers, and all liars, their fate is in the fiery lake of burning sulfur. This is the second death.  The sea gave up its dead and death in the grave or Hades gave up their dead and all were judged according to their deeds. Then death in the grave or Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This lake of fire is the second death. Now this is forever. This is eternity. This is not something that ceases after a certain period of time. Revelation chapter 4 verse 10 says, There they will be tormented day and night forever and ever. So this truly is both a great and a terrible day. The righteous rejoice in the holiness of God being vindicated. But the wicked are terrified the day of final judgment. I want you to consider this question. If you were to stand before God right now and face him in judgment, how would he judge you? Could you say with confidence, can you say with confidence that you know where you're going when you die? Are your sins forgiven?  God is a God of love. We've gone over this. God is also a God of justice. Because he is a good God, because he is a loving God, he must judge wickedness. Here's the glorious truth. Revelation 211 says, Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth. For the old heaven and the old earth had disappeared and the sea was also gone. In other words, God recreates all things. All things can become new. So after this day of final judgment, after all things have come to pass that the Scripture prophesies and everyone has faced their judgment, either you'll spend an eternity in the lake of fire, tormented day and night, or you will spend an eternity in the new heaven and the new earth. Now what I love about this, this new heaven and this new earth, I think this is the way that God originally intended creation to be. Because you know Adam, I believe, had access to the Father. I believe he had this unprecedented communion and connection with his Creator. And you and I will have that once again. The cosmos will be restored. The universe will be balanced again. Sin will be dealt with. Death will have been dealt with. And you and I can stand with confidence for all of eternity in the love, in the peace, and in the joy that is the presence of God. This new heaven, this new earth that we will receive cannot be described, cannot be comprehended with what we know now. Right now we're looking at all of this as the Scripture describes it and we don't fully understand it. But it's beyond anything that we could ever imagine. And it's glorious. But that one question remains. Where do you stand? When you stand before God, will you say, I have confidence because I'm not standing before God. Jesus will stand in on my behalf. Because I've surrendered. I've accepted this free gift of salvation. Or are you one who has stubbornly refused and rebelled? On that day of final judgment everything comes to an end. And there's a new heaven and a new earth. Will you experience that new life? Will you experience that new heaven, that new earth? Are you ready? This is eternity. I heard a saying and I wish I knew who said it. But I heard someone say that if you can get someone to consider eternity and contemplate eternity and all of the implications that come with it, if you can get someone to contemplate eternity for just 15 minutes, you can likely get them saved. I want you to understand the finality of this judgment. It is truly forever and ever and ever. That is a great thing and a terrible thing. The only difference between it being great or it being terrible depends upon whether or not you've received Christ. So if you haven't received Christ, I want to tell you, now is the time. When you finally surrender your life to Jesus, your only regret will be that you didn't do it sooner. I want to pray with you now. Whether you're a believer or an unbeliever, I want to pray that God would continue to open your eyes and help you to understand what the Scripture says about eternity and the judgment of God. So Father in Jesus' name, I pray for that one receiving this prayer now.  And I pray, Holy Spirit, that you would help us to consider eternity the light of your truth in the name of Jesus we pray. I want you to say it because you believe it, say, I know this is a very heavy topic and it's something we do need to consider. That is it for the lesson, though. Now remember, next week I'm taking your questions. This is a Q&A segment of the Eternity series that we're doing. So next week I'll be taking your questions. If you haven't already submitted your questions, it's already too late. We've already got all the questions in that we're going to be addressing. But be sure to watch next week because there may be some questions that you want to ask that haven't been addressed yet. But I want to welcome now the new members of Spirit Church. There you are up on the screen. We love you and we are praying for you. I always say that because I always mean it if you like information on how you can join the Spirit Family. Then go to DavidHernandezMinistries.com slash Spirit Church. And there you will see where you can sign up. When you sign up to the Spirit Family, you get a free email from us every single week. And in that email, you're going to get a brand new fresh teaching from the Word of God. You're going to get a brand new worship song that Steven Moctezuma either wrote or is covering. And then you'll be able to reply to that email for prayer support from our ministry staff. So be sure to join the Spirit Family now over 5,000 members strong. I want to get to your comments now. And these comments are from the lesson Eternity, the afterlife, the three judgments. First comment comes from MR who writes, Thank you, our wonderful blessed pastor watching from sunny Kefalonia, Greece. I hope I said that correctly. Well, thank you for watching all the way from Greece. We love you all the way here from Southern California. Ivy Kissy writes, Your teaching has made things clearer to me. I was wrong. As I thought, we all sleep after death until judgment. Thank you. You know, actually Ivy, I actually believed that at one point. But after studying the scripture, it became clear to me that there is consciousness immediately after death for both the believer and the unbeliever. So thank you for writing that comment. And by the way, what she means by this clearing everything up is once you realize that there are three judgments and two resurrections that the Bible describes, it actually helps the timeline to start making sense. Because sometimes when we go through scripture, it starts to become confusing, especially as it pertains to end times in the afterlife. And we'll say things like, Well, I thought this goes here, but this says it happens after that. It really makes it difficult if you don't understand that. So go watch that lesson. It will really help to clarify both of those topics. Sinen Tang Shu writes, I can't wait for the channel to reach one million subscribers. Well, I can't either, but right now we're actually approaching the 100,000 subscriber mark. So keep telling your friends about our channel. Jesus Loves Me Forevermore says, Thank you Pastor David D. Hernandez. The knowledge and revelation in this teaching comes from the Holy Spirit. And the final commenter, Nathaniel Mensa writes, God bless you and give you the financial assistance to be able to reach out to the world with your ministry for more souls. Well, that's actually Nathaniel where our viewers come in. And if you've been watching Spirit Church here on the Encounter TV Network and any of the content here on the Encounter TV Network, then you know a couple things. You know, number one, we want to win souls. You know, number two, we're very spirit-led. This, I like to say, is the Holy Spirit's channel. It belongs to him, whatever he wants to do with it, he can do. And so when you support this ministry, you're actually helping us to win souls all around the world. Our ministry reaches about two million people every 28 days, which is really effective, but we want to see that effectiveness go even further. And so this is where you come in. I'm asking you, if you're watching this, and don't turn the video off yet, you're not watching this by accident, if you're watching this, I want you to consider today making a one-time gift or a monthly gift into our ministry to help us to continue winning souls and building the believers. And we do it through two simple things. We win souls and we build believers through events and media. And as this ministry expands, you're going to see God do bigger things with it. But I also believe that as you refresh this ministry, as you sow into the vision of another, that God will cause others to sow into your vision. As you bring relief and miraculous help to other people, God will bring it to you. Be the miracle for someone else that you're praying God would be for you. And as you do that, God is going to take notice. God himself, I don't have to see it. No one from my staff has to see it. God will take notice and he will see your giving. And when you put the gospel first, God begins to focus on your needs. Matthew 633 says, But seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness. And then all these things shall be added unto you. That scripture is telling us that if we put the kingdom first, God will meet our needs. In other words, you build God's house, he'll build yours. You build God's house, he'll build your business. You build God's house, he'll build your ministry. When you put God first, he begins to meet your needs and also cause there to be an abundance and an overflow that you might also be there for others. Don't wait for the perfect opportunity. Don't wait for all the settings to be just how you want them to be. Don't wait for the ideal situation. Don't wait for the job promotion. Don't wait until you get out of debt. Don't wait until everything in your finances looks exactly how you want it to look. You see, we say, God, bless me and I'll give. But God says, no, faith first. You need to give and then I will bless you. So I want to challenge you, those of you who can, do a one-time gift today. Do a gift of a hundred, do a gift of five hundred, do a gift of a thousand. Some of you watching and many of you watching actually have sown large gifts into the ministry and some of you watching, some of you wealthier individuals. You can sow a $25,000 gift. You can sow a $50,000, a $100,000 gift and help us win souls. And I have no issues with challenging you for the sake of the gospel. If the world can challenge you to give for their wicked causes, why can't a man of God stand before people and challenge them to give that souls might be saved? It's for a good cause. We're not squandering the money. We're not living in luxury. We put it toward the gospel. So I challenge you today, both the wealthy and the average giver, to give your best gift.  Do an amount you've never done before and really stretch your faith. You can give a one-time gift or you can become a monthly ministry supporter. Now, if you'll partner with us, that's a monthly gift, not a one-time gift, a monthly gift for $30 or more a month. I'll send you either carriers of the glory, 25 truths about demons and spiritual warfare or encountering the Holy Spirit in every book of the Bible. That'll be our gift to you. I'll sign the book, send it to you. And that'll be our initiation thank-you gift for partnering with us. So do that today. Don't delay. Give right now. Say, Lord, what do you want me to give? And then go and obey his voice. Well, that is it for this edition of Spirit Church here on the EncounterTV Network. Until next time, remember, nothing is impossible with God.


Share was established with the goal of reducing health disparities by providing resources and support to early career researchers who are interested in studying structural violence. To achieve this goal, the Centre developed a pilot grant program, held a community symposium, and engaged with community partners to identify priority areas for research. Despite some initial challenges, the Centre has been successful in its mission thus far. This article was authored by Sage J. Kim, Jesus Ramirez Valles, Karrion Watson, and others.


The Narcissist, Words Salad. Words Salad is a confused or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases. It is a circular conversation that leads nowhere. It lacks order and can be very difficult to understand. Words Salad can involve a bunch of unrelated words and concepts. It may even include contradictions, combinations of statements or ideas which are opposed to one another. The purpose of the Words Salad is to make it difficult for you to follow or understand what they are saying.  They understand that you are fully capable of clear and sound reasoning. They also understand that you are far more capable in this area than they are. That's why they will not even try to compete in any logical reasoning, because they know that they will never win. They know that if they operate in reality, and if they are understandable, expected and sensible under the circumstances, they will never win. They will never be able to compete with you in any argument or disagreement. They understand that any logical insight of their behaviour might expose them or be against them. So they detach from any form of logical reasoning. They detach from reality and they create this alternate reality or world with its own distorted meanings and interpretations. They begin to believe their own lies and they begin to lose any insight that they once had into their own understandability. It creates this inability for them to express their thoughts and feelings to you. In their minds it makes perfect sense.  And when you don't understand what they are trying to communicate to you, it's very frustrating for them. It makes it very difficult for them to obtain narcissistic supply. And they also feel as though you are insulting them. The more aware narcissists already know that you're not going to understand their word salad and that is their intention. It is designed to confuse you without twisting and distorting the meanings of everything to be in their favour. They would never be able to win the argument or disagreement. The word salad makes it impossible for you to follow any logic or reasoning. It makes it very difficult for you to hold them accountable for their behaviour. The word salad is reflective of the narcissist's disordered mind. It prevents any points from being made or action from being taken. It prevents the natural progression from one stage to another in a sequential series of steps. It prevents that from being fulfilled. This plan of action is used not only to prevent your argument but also to force you into submission. It is designed to subject you to a particular process, treatment or condition. It is designed to make you give up. Narcissists tend to overgeneralise. They have a dualistic mentality or black and white thinking where something is either all good or all bad or something is either one thing or another. They have an inability to comprehend that people and things are made up of both positive and negatives. They cannot combine the two things to form one whole. So when they are arguing with you, they will have extreme views of you, like when the relationship goes from idealisation to devaluation. They will assign labels to you and claim that you always do something or you are always a certain way. Their tendency to overgeneralise gives them this need to define you. They have to have an exact statement or description of nature, scope or meaning of something that you have said or done. It could be from one incident and it may not reflect anything about you as a person but it meant something personal to the narcissist so they will use this to define your personality or character. They are uncomfortable with not having an exact statement or description of your nature so they will choose whatever has a personal meaning to them and then conclude on that to define you, although it may not be accurate as though it's the way you always are. It's something you always do even if it was just one incident. They have a dualistic mentality or black and white thinking so they have to see you as being all bad for them to see themselves as being all good. The narcissist will project their faults, mistakes, flaws and imperfections onto you. Whatever they believe to be wrong or unacceptable within them will be assigned to you.  These are all projections of how the narcissist feels about themselves. When you are confronting them it triggers them for a brief moment to reflect on their insecurities. This is what the narcissist then projects and assigns to you. They will blame you for anything no matter how ridiculous it may sound because they cannot accept their own faults, mistakes, flaws and imperfections. They might tell you that they are cheating on you because you're not good enough or you're not attractive enough for them or you're making them do it but these are all just deflections because they don't want to be held accountable for their behavior. The narcissist will use denial and gaslighting. No matter how much evidence you have they will always find a way to deny it and act as though you are doing something wrong by confronting them. They have to create this alternate reality or world with their own distorted meanings and interpretations. By denying the facts it makes you question your memory, perception and even your sanity. It makes you look at yourself and wonder if you are the problem. This gives them a narcissistic supply. They don't want to accept the truth because the truth is against them. They detach from reality. They may even convince themselves that they haven't done anything wrong to the point where they will even believe their own lies. They have to deny their actions to protect themselves from reality due to their inability to cope with who and what they really are. The narcissist does not want a resolution. They don't want to resolve anything. Everything that they say in their word salad is designed to make you believe that they are right and you are wrong. Every interaction with the narcissist becomes a competition where you have to be wrong in their minds. If you are wrong about things that are not important or significant, you are wrong about any concerns you have about their behavior. It also gives them narcissistic supply as if you are always wrong. That means that they are always right. If you manage to get the narcissist to reflect on the fact that maybe they are wrong, this will cause a narcissistic injury and it will most likely be followed by narcissistic rage. This occurs when you have exposed them or when you are close to exposing them. They realize that you are seeing them for who and what they really are. It also triggers them to reflect underneath their denial about how they really feel about themselves. During this brief window, they realize that they are the very opposite of superior. They are not always right. They do not have the great power and influence that they thought they had and they realize that they are not always in control. Once they have realized and understood this, it can often escalate from verbal to physical aggression. Their narcissistic rage is designed to intimidate you into submission. No matter how much you question the narcissist or try to discuss things with them, it will never lead to a positive outcome. When you try to make sense of what the narcissist is saying to you, it only makes even less sense because you are not dealing with someone with a sound mind. You are dealing with someone who is operating off of their emotions. You have to stop questioning yourself. Trust your intuition. It was right all along. Believe in your truth and then you will be free. Thank you for watching. I hope this video resonated with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. Click the bell icon to receive notifications for my future videos. If you would like to donate, my PayPal link is in the video description. Coaching Inquiries, you can email me at NarcissofaCoaching at gmail.com. Check out the merchandise in the Narcissofa store where you can purchase your own Narcissofa t-shirt, tank top or mug. The link is in the video description. Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.