Een goede avond. Laten we recallen wat we doen waren we discussieën renormalisatie van circlediffiummorphismen. We hebben renormalisatie en we zien alweer dat renormalisatie je geeft om de typologie van onze circlediffiummorphismen te geven. Het is ook gevoeligd om de measuretheorie te constructeren, te constructeren in verschillende measures. En het is ook gevoeligd om iets te zeggen over topologische klassen en de bifurcatie pattern te gebruiken. Dus wat is er aan de linker, en we doen dat vandaag, is geometrie. Dus vandaag gaan we de circlediffiummorphismen finissen en dan de rest van de week gaan we aan de geometrie van handonmapsen. Maar laten we kijken wat we betekenen met geometrie. Laten we eens denken dat we een soort circlediffiummorphism hebben. En wat betekenen we met de geometrie van de circlediffiummorphismen?  En bijvoorbeeld, een geometrieze vragen zou het zijn, laten we een punt nemen en laten we het itereren. En op een gegeven moment, de return, laten we dit 0 nemen, op een gegeven moment gaan we het return. De dichterste kun je krijgen en dan een beetje later returnen je even een beetje dichter. En dan later returnen je even dichter, etc. En je kunt vragen zelf, wat is de verhaal van deze verhaal? Hoe snel, wat is de rate, is er een rate van verhaal van deze returnpunt? En dat zou een geometrieze vragen zijn.   En dat is een theorem met Herman en laten we kijken wat we krijgen. Dus we hebben, laten we zeggen, een C3 circledifium. En laten we zeggen dat de rotationnummer van F is gegeven door de continuïntracties van F. Laten we kijken wat er is. En laten we zeggen, zodat we weten dat we een homeoconjugatie hebben, F, met de rigide rotation. Dat is gewoon een conjugatie. En dus onze homeomorphisme, dit is een homeo. En dus deze homeomorphisme vertelt ons alles over de topologie we willen weten. Maar nu, Michel Herman proeft dat, eigenlijk, als de a n dus niet te snel naar infinity gaat, dan h is c1 plus alpha difium. En dat betekent dat h is verschillende en eigenlijk h, en het is invers. Het is verschillende en de derivatie van deze homeomorphisme is alpha hulder. En dat betekent dat je er wat controle hebt over hoe de derivatie veranderd is. Laten we recallen wat dat betekent. Het is een soort lip-sitz-condition. En dus, en nu, suppose dat je een C3 difiummorphisme hebt en de a n's niet te snel naar infinity gaat, dan is onze a n's een C1 difiummorphisme. En dat betekent dat op een heel klein gebouw dit conjugatie map is fijn. Dus dat betekent dat op een klein gebouw, een klein gebouw dieometrie van f is dezelfde als een klein gebouw dieometrie van de rigide rotation. En dus, als je hier wat je hier ziet, op een heel klein gebouw, dan kijk je dan op de correspondingspictuur voor de rigide rotation. En dus, wat we zien is dat de klein gebouw dieometrie van een difiummorphisme is dezelfde als de klein gebouw dieometrie van de correspondingspictuur van de rigide rotation. Onder een conditie. De a niet te snel naar infinity gaat. Dus dit gaat onder de naam van rigide. Een klein gebouw dieometrie kan niet bevormd zijn. En je kunt zeggen, oké, laten we onze difiummorphisme nemen en we zien deze orbit gaan rond. En misschien, door de difiummorphisme te schipen, kan ik vertrouwen hoe deze orbit is accumulatie. Nou, apparaat, dat is onmogelijk. Dus een klein gebouw dieometrie van een klein gebouw is rigide onder deze conditie. Oké, dus laten we het proeven. Laten we het proeven in het simpelste geval. Oké, dus laten we zeggen de proeven van rigide. Hermann Theer, rigide. In het simpelste. En dit is het simpelste geval. En dat is als alle a's zijn 1. Nu plus, minus, plus, minus, plus, minus. Oké, dus laten we kijken hoe we dit doen. Nou, remember, in this case, renormalisation has hyperbolic behavior associated with... Miss this row is 1 over 1 plus 1 over 1 plus et cetera like this. En remember what was happening again? We had 1 rigid rotation and that was renormalised to another rigid rotation. And here we had the family of rigid rotations. It was an expanding curve and the same curve will pass by to the other guy. And moreover, this is the expanding part, and there is also a stable manifold in both pictures. And now our map we are going to look at is sitting somewhere here. And remember that from renormalisation we learned that the topological classes are stable manifolds. And so we know that our map is lying in the stable manifold. So what we get from that are two things. The renormalisation of F converges to these two points. It will convert that and then come back. And this convergence will be exponentially fast. It will be exponentially fast. So let's make a picture. Let's make a picture. We know. Let's make a picture of the end renormalisation. And that is some difumorphism. Let's make a picture. So something like this. And somewhere is the critical point. This of course depends on where you are in the renormalisation. And somewhere is a vn. And somewhere here is the diagonal. So it converts to the rigid rotations. And for the rigid rotations this is a straight line. Let me first make the end renormalisation of this one. And it will also look something like that. And now there will be a c and there will be a v. And that will be exactly a straight line here and exactly a straight line here. En de c-nummer en de v-nummer are fixed. En zo en nu de end renormalisation looks very much like one of this one. En het betekent dat deze brand hier is almost a straight line. Er is een beetje twigel in het, maar niet veel. En de andere kant ook. Het is almeas een straight line. Dus je ziet dat de deel tussen deze foto's is, zeg maar, dat op de n. Dat is iets exponentieel klein. Dat kan een beetje meer precies zijn over dat. Dus wat we betekenen is dat... Hier hebben we onze vn en hier hebben we onze v-star. Dus de foto's zijn exponentieel dicht, maar dat betekent dat in particular c-n en deze perfecte nummer zijn exponentieel klein. Dus dit is 0, 1. Dit is 0, 1. En deze punten zijn bijna op hetzelfde plek. En hetzelfde voor de vn. De vn zijn exponentieel dicht naar wat het is supposede te zijn om de ritzende rotatie te geven. Oké. Er is nog een andere plek van informatie. Lemmen we dat we aan het renormaliseren maar er was een andere tool en dat waren de toren. Dus laten we de toren maken. Laten we de toren maken van f. Dus we doen hetzelfde. Hier hebben we l-n, hier hebben we r-n. En dan hebben we onze toren. En hier hebben we de n-trenormalisering van f-rho. En dat heeft ook een toren. En er is een l-n hier. En er is een r-n hier. En er is... een toren hier. En er is een toren hier. En natuurlijk, in deze toren weten we dat als je de bodem hebt en je naar een bepaalde niveau gaat, dan is deze map f-vijn. En dat is de ritzende rotatie. Dus alle iteraties zijn iets f-vijn. Dus als je naar de bodem gaat, naar een bepaalde niveau, dan krijg je een f-vijn map. Dus van deze exponentiele convergente van bekijken in de proef van dit weten we dat in dit geval deze map exponentieel dicht is. Dus dat betekent dat de toren ook dezelfde lijkt. Niet alleen de positie van deze twee punten en de twee branders, de pixel van de renormalisatie, maar de touwen, zijn ook exponentieel dicht. Oké. Dus nu gaan we renormaliseren. En wat was renormalisering? Je moet het nemen. Dit zal belangrijk zijn. Dus laten we red gebruiken. Dus wat je moet doen is renormaliseren. Je moet een van de gebouwen kutten. En de kuttingpunt is van vn of vn-star. Oké, dus laten we hier v-star en dan zie je dat de kutting precies in dezelfde positie gebeurt. Als deze had de deel 0,4 van het hele ding, dan zou dit ook 0,4 van het hele ding zijn. Want deze map is ook oké. Dus nu gaan we onze v1, vn en we moeten ook hier kutten. Dus we moeten hier vn en we moeten hier kutten. Dus nu gaan we kijken wat we krijgen van deze en deze informatie. En de fact dat deze iterate van de bodem op een niveau is al oké. Dus let's take this interval en let's zoom it out to the unit interval. So somewhere here we will find v-star up to scaling we get to the same size. And the proportion of this to that is the same as the proportion of this to that. And let's do the same thing here. Let's take this interval and let's zoom it also to unit size. And then the cutting point will be sitting somewhere here, vn and this distance will be exponentially close. So the place where you are going to cut in the tower of F to construct the new renormalization is exponentially close to the cutting place of the construction of the next renormalization of the written rotation. Oké, so this is about the towers but there is a circle. So let's use the towers to go back to the circle and look how the conjugation goes. And remember how we built the conjugation. Let me make a picture and you will remember. So all these intervals here and those they are actually lying in the circle and they form what we called the dynamical partition. And here we also have the corresponding dynamical partition of the rigid rotation. En the conjugation has to be something like that. Whatever the conjugation does it has to take corresponding pieces to corresponding pieces. In particular this level has to go to that level. With that this picture as if you take this level this has to go to the corresponding level there. So all layers are preserved. En we use that to approximate the conjugation. So let's see how that goes. Here is going to be a graph this is going to be the graph of our conjugation the approximations. So let's take this little interval and I don't know where this is in the circle but let's say it's somewhere here. Let's say it's somewhere here. Somewhere in the circle. En let's take its friend the corresponding interval of the rigid rotation. En we know that the conjugation has to glue them together. So maybe here is the interval of the rigid rotation. En now we know that our conjugation is something inside here. There is also stuff here but we don't worry about it for the moment. But remember that we constructed the sequence hn converging to our conjugation. En hn by construction was made in such a way that it is just a straight line on this level. Ok, so now let's make a picture of hn plus 1 now that you have to do by taking the cutting point here this is exactly this cutting point and you have to take the corresponding cutting point of sorry you have to take the corresponding cutting point in the interval of the rigid rotation en those have to be matched together so the next these have to be matched together and the rest is fine so this is hn plus 1 and this is hn and now we are almost done and because these points they are in the middle 0.4 or something 0.6 and now you know that relatively they are exponentially close so that means that that the distance here is exponentially close but because they are sort of sitting in the middle these slopes these two slopes are also exponentially close to the slope you had before you see that so here you use that these points are exponentially close we are using this piece of information and we use that this guy is nicely sitting somewhere in the middle it's not crazily in the border it's sort of nicely in the middle and so then you really see you see this picture the next approximation has a slope which is exponentially close to the slope of hn and so let me write down what we got at first we see that hn plus 1 and hn in just in in distance is exponentially close but we also see that the derivatives is exponentially close of course you have to be a bit careful because in the corners they are not differentiable and so this means where the affine pieces they have exponentially close slopes ok and now from this exercised for tomorrow it is really not difficult but to do it right you have to deal with techniques here exercise for tomorrow that hn that the dhn converges to dh which is continuous that's the exercise if you take the limit of course you can see that this is not going to be a big deal and you see almost uniform convergence of the derivatives so you will have a candidate function which is going to be the derivative and then you have to show that dh is dh in the sense that you get a limiting function and the second part of the exercise to show that this limiting function is in fact the derivative it's all little things but don't forget we are doing dynamics and we are dealing with the analysis of dynamics and here you see it's not going to be difficult but there is some analysis involved and the third part is showing that this derivative is holder and that is also not very difficult because what you know is these intervals they swing down exponentially fast you have to believe me you can see this from the picture at the mesh of pn goes to 0 exponentially fast maybe not with the same lambda but with some rn which has something to do with the cutting place but then you see that the fluctuations on the scale of dh on the scale ii is lambda to the n so you see an exponential a fluctuation of order lambda to the n on a scale of r to the n so what we need is that lambda to the n is proportional to some rn to the alpha and like the fluctuations should be bounded by the distance to a certain exponent and then you erase the n and you get an alpha so like the little technical part which you will have fun doing it is sort of nice you can finish the rigidity theorem ok so let's go to the bad news I remember so the theorem of Hermann it says that if a n is not too fast dan rigidity h is c1 plus alpha en nu er is een counter-example misschien niet een counter-example maar er is een example en het is gemaakt bij Arnold en dat zegt de volgende er exist een analytiek analytiek analytiek circle-diffio het is infinitief renormalisable en de invariant-measure remember we were able to use our renormalisation and the loops you remember to construct an invariant-measure and moreover we proved in the circle case there is a unique invariant-measure so this is this invariant-measure of our circle-diffiumorphism and that one is singular with respect to the back-measure singular with respect to the back-measure so it's a measure concentrated on a set of measure 0 ja if there is something to do with being not necessarily now what can happen is that you see you have to make a little correction here and if we have so this was a plus renormalisation you see we are cutting on the plus side so suppose that we have to do plus renormalisation for a long long long long time so that means that the next time there will be a cut here and there will be a cut here and these proportions will be sort of the same but then you have to start to make this thing here and then there is each time a little error but if the number of times you have to repeat this procedure is much larger than the errors you have the thing can blow up ja, so an an is exactly the number of cuts of right cuts and so if you have many cuts to do here then there are exponential small errors but you have to do tons of cuts and that can screw up the thing what will happen is if you have to do many cuts here then eventually this guy will be sitting almost in the corner your suggestion but then on this side there could have been many little errors and it could be that that point is still way behind and then you see that that the conjugation has to take this little piece and has to put it in something really big and that means that the derivative is going to be enormous and so that's something to do with accumulation of errors now in our case we had an is 1 and so we know that the cutting point is like the Fibonacci number we know exactly where it is if an gets large then this guy gets close in the corner here and then it jumps uniformly through here but then on the other side it starts to jump around but it starts to accumulate errors and then the thing is screwed up and in the example I'm going to show you is it's really going to happen but you have to take the A and it's very large it's going to be ridiculous to infinite it's like you cannot imagine how fast it goes yeah yeah yeah you know what is going to happen is so I made this picture here and your orbit is just coming through and these are the consecutive plus cuts these are the plus cuts and this is sort of and this is not sort of this is a uniform cut so each little piece has the same length that is for the rigid rotation so in this example what is going to happen is that the cuts you are going to see here are like this so it starts out nice and here there are like really a billion guys and then slowly it gets then suddenly it gets out again and so and of course if you take your conjugation these clues these pieces to that pieces it will be very tiny pieces compared to those which have an enormous derivative and the thing blows up and this can happen if you get by accumulation of errors so there is a very precise condition there is a very sharp it's like the Bruno thing it's a very precise condition so this comes from this formula where lambda is the the rate of conversions a rate of renormalisation conversions and this r is the geometrical decay and this is how the renormalisation conversions and this is how fast those intervals are shrinking down and the alpha comes in exactly in this equation so the the holder exponent has a very precise meaning so do we still have do we still have time or what time do we 5 o'clock ok so let's discuss this example the idea for the example is this picture somehow you have to do something like this first remember that let's see what happens so take your analytic and look at the family and it is the one we had in our first exercise you just rotate a little more and then the construction is by induction of course renormalisation level to renormalisation level so each renormalisation level you are going to adjust how much you shift a little bit so let's say we are on the end renormalisation level and we see a picture like that something nice here and maybe something nice something nice like here this is the picture of the end renormalisation and now comes the first adjustment and so let's say this is F T N so now comes the first adjustment in this parameter and the first adjustment is just to push it up until you create a tendency so the first adjustment is going to be something like this something like this here we still have our thing and now it is something like and we created a fixed point and of course we had an analytic map so there is only a finite number of those periodic points yeah you just rotated no it is yeah but the key to the exercise was monotonicity so if you increase T then this graph will start to move up this at least T this is sort of a monotone now yeah it's not obvious but it is topology you can do this by purely topology no, because here we use that the guy is analytic so a guy with an analytic map cannot have an interval fixed point so this is the only moment where we use that the guy is analytic so that is the first adjustment so now look this is a periodic point and let's draw the whole orbit in the circle and so this is the whole circle and now we just have a different morphism this is a periodic orbit and you see that on the left side it will be expanding it will drift away but on the right side you are coming in and every point will be coming in eventually and like of course if you take a point on the right side very close on the left side it will take a long time to enter from the other side but eventually that will happen so you can take an enormous iterate and take tn enormous such that almost every point lies in this very tiny let's say this is of the size 1 over like very tiny and the whole thing here is very tiny a total length is smaller than like 1 over n but after this number of iterates almost every point landed up somewhere on the right side and so after that number of times you see that 99% of the points after this number of iterates ended up in this very tiny little neighborhood and so that means that if you think in terms of measures the measure is supposed to describe how the orbit is distributed so you see at this moment this is essentially the discrete measure concentrated on the periodic points which describes the distribution so it's extremely singular it's sitting essentially in a finite set of points and more singular than that you cannot get it so and then the second adjustment you know what to do now remember this is this is the picture of the entry normalization and you remember that this graph is like a certain iterate of the original map so if you go back to the picture of the original circle you will see rn points ok so there is really a periodic orbit and almost every point after 1 million steps is unbelievably close to this periodic orbit it looks singular and now you know this was the first adjustment now let's make the second adjustment and you know what to do so second adjustment second adjustment let's go back here we have our we have our map something like this and something like that and now let's make an adjustment this adjustment is really unbelievably fine and what you do is you do this you know what you do and now you do this it's the same picture except that you erased the periodic point so what is really happening here if you zoom out a little bit so if you zoom out this picture what you really see there as the diagonal comes through and your graph is something something like that and then you see so the periodic point is gone and now what happens is that your points are coming in but this is so small it's going to take forever essentially a and steps to come through this little tunnel and so you will see in that picture that you still have almost every orbit concentrate along this periodic orbit if you look at this time and now you repeat and on the next scale you make this even smaller if you go on then you will see smaller and smaller sets in measure with carry 99,99,99,99,9% the next time even more and in the limit you will get a singular measure it's a dense set because it contains one point has a dense orbit so this is a funny thing it's a measure which is sitting I cannot imagine how this looks like beyond this picture that it is essentially sitting on pseudo periodic orbit something like that let's go home


Good morning, John. I'm actually really worried right now. And that's not a surprise. I have a specific worry, though, that I'd like to talk about in this video. Regarding the higher education system in the U.S., colleges and universities, they're just extremely important, right? Vital. But here are three true things. First, schools have been raising prices faster than inflation for over 40 years now. If it had, over the course of my lifetime, increased with inflation the cost of four years of school after financial aid would be about $40,000. Now, that's a lot. And it's an average, so there would be schools that would be way above that and schools that would be below that. Instead, it is now over $90,000. And so almost definitionally, every year, college gets less worth it. Thing number two, it's going to be less valuable if it's an all online experience. And yet, schools are not, like, lowering prices. And finally, there is an increasingly large number of people in this country who actually think that college is bad for America. In fact, in 2016, a year in which some other shifts occurred in America, the percentage of Republicans who believe that college has a negative effect on the country went from 37% to 58%. And that isn't just an opinion. The Trump administration is doing things to hurt universities, making it harder for international students to stay in the country, having the Treasury Department investigate whether or not nonprofit universities should have their tax exempt status revoked. And these are big deals. 23% of the money that comes into the U.S. higher education system comes from international students who are often the only ones who pay full price. So international students very clearly subsidize the education of Americans. So while at first this looks like another anti-immigrant thing, it's actually both an anti-immigrant thing and an anti-education thing. Now, it's really hard and complicated to get to the roots of where this antagonism between some people in America and the higher education system comes from. It's hard. It's historical. It's convoluted. This isn't simple. But a part of it, and definitely not the whole thing because the whole thing is much more sinister, is that colleges are elitists. They want to be elite institutions for elite students. That's how they'd like to pitch themselves. And that's how we found ourselves in a world where the number one metric for how good a school is, is how many students it rejects. This is under-examined and pretty gross. And it's to the point where schools will actually encourage students who they know they are going to reject to apply in order to keep their acceptance rates low. So we cannot say that to some extent this system hasn't contributed to this problem. So again, higher education is the victim of three things right now. Decades of this hubris where they think they can just keep raising prices to compete with each other. A pandemic that's going to decrease the value of education. And an administration that doesn't care. We have to fix all of those problems and they are all hard. Some of them for good reasons. Some of them I am shocked by how difficult they are. But here's the reason I have hope because if this is survivable, and I think that it is, we will survive it by coming to terms with the fact that higher education has created a tremendous amount of good while also allowing their budgets to get way out of control in order to compete with each other like businesses fighting for customers instead of schools educating students. The cost of higher education needs to not just stop going up, it needs to start coming down. This is our chance to figure out how to do that. And it's something we think about every day at Complexly where our goal is to create free educational materials that make teaching cheaper and easier. But also with bigger ideas like our partnership with Arizona State University. But the thing to know here is that right now we are at the very beginning of a change in how higher education works. A change that needs to be done thoughtfully and carefully despite the fact that we have no choice but for it to happen quite quickly. And that's going to be hard. And that is why I'm worried. And I just wanted to articulate that. John, I'll see you on Tuesday.


We are no longer on strike.  Hey, welcome back to our stew reaction of Corbin. Watch the fall of the House of Usher. I've been waiting to say that for a long time. You can follow us on Instagram, Twitter for more juicy content. Thank you to every source on Patreon. Follow us on Twitter to account, subscribe to Like Button. Yeah. In case you didn't hear, the strike, the longest strike in Hollywood history for actors is finally over. Because the greed of the AM2PP. Didn't need 118 days of this, could have done this 118 days ago, but thankfully it's over. Yes. Yes. Today, the new trailer of the upcoming Zoya Akhtar, have you ever heard of her? Yes. If I'm not mistaken, isn't she in the DC Universe, one of the superheroes? Yeah. Yeah, the Zoya Akhtar. Exactly. She's one of the marvels. Yes. Is she her new film that we've seen, Teasers and so on? Yeah, and a song. And it's obviously adapted to a, I think they said Anglo-Indian kind of fantasy world almost. Yeah, very original. The Archies comes out on December 7th. I was going to say soon. This is actually quite early for a trailer. Yeah, it is. It is. It is. We're a month out. It's a month out. Especially for like a Netflix. I mean, I know it's Zoya, obviously. Yeah. But it's a Netflix film. Yeah. You're doing the promo really, really early. Yeah. Interesting. Let's just see what this is about. Surprise, surprise, surprise, surprise. I'm a masturbator. Boom, boom. I'm rocking, rocking for you. Name that song. It doesn't.  And it was her mother specifically who was praying for my dad and they were rejoicing that he's doing so well. But one of the things she said was my mom refers to you as the more grounded one. In what way? In what way? First of all. What are we referring to? In some way, sure. In some ways, but yes. No, no, not so much. That's partially true. Depends on the way you're talking about, I suppose. Here we go. In two years. We just learned about that. And South Africa became an independent republic. We just learned about that. And South Africa became an independent republic. We've all lived our lives for about 25 percent. Nice. But what have we done with each other? Nothing. One, two, three, go! I think it's a real professional comedy. Imagine if Cliff Richard had not left Lucknow. I could make music that would reach people. Music that would ring. Looks great. Always have fun with me. Me too. I always have fun with me too. He thinks every girl outweighs. I can tell you. Today, we'll never be friends. Betty and Ronnie are best friends. Today, we'll never be friends.  Hello! Oh, dear. If we let you go to Ajay Park, we'll go to the Lord tomorrow. Trust me, there won't be a tree. Where's your dad going to come? What are you talking about?  Green Park is our history. Those are our dreams. That's why we've grown up. Dad's bookstore is closing. Because your dad decided to buy all the shops in the town square. But he's going to break them and make a big plaza. Beautiful shot. This is business. It's not personal. My friends think of me because of you. So, I'm sorry. But it is personal. Was he in Jubilee? Might have been. You can't give up. Children don't come. I told you before. Success is what happens. Even after losing a thousand times, one tries again. Let the games begin. Looks delightful, man. That looks delightful. It looks absolutely wonderful. In the same way when we saw the the donkey teaser, I was like, this feels like a Rajkumar Harani film. That feels like a Zoya film. It does. It's got heart. One of the quintessential feelings you get when you walk away from a Zoya film. Usually, not always. Obviously, I think Gully Boy was a little more grounded, but you still had a great time. She made up for the blue in Gully Boy with this one. The blue she couldn't use. In Gully Boy, she used here. It's like all of her production design. A lot of her other films have like this. They obviously always have a deep message and they're always really good acting-wise. I think she's a very good director's actor. And her casting always gets away. But she has an overwhelming feeling of fun and jubilee a lot of times. Even if there's deep moments in the film. Yeah. And she can... She killed a Hock N'Doo. It's essential. Yeah. She has the ability to do with this type of film. She can make a feel-good film, hit points of pivotal crisis in the storytelling because you always have to have that. You have to have conflict, crisis, and resolution. And she does it in a way that's justifiable actually has some meaning because she made you care for the characters.  It looks like it's going to be a really fun time. And we are not familiar with the Archies outside of... Your wife is? Yes. My wife was a big fan of the Archies. She read the comics and everything. So it'll be interesting to see what she sees. Luckily it's on Netflix so I will be able to watch it with her. Was very smart to do Netflix. Maybe we'll bring her in for the review so we can have somebody who knows what they're talking about in terms of references of Archie characters. Because that's a whole different thing if you know the people, if you feel they're correctly cast and played. They all look really cool. They all look like fleshed out characters. My main concern in this would probably be the actors and they actually all looked really good. They did look good. But I know they're all new. So that would be my concern is can they keep... They have a great director so that's awesome. And probably, since she wrote it, a great writer for great words to say. But still, if this is one of your first times acting... Who knows? I mean, I trust Zoya, but... Still. Hopefully they can all carry it through. They're all not only new actors, but young actors. New, young, with a lot of weight on them because when you've got some of the family members that they've got, those are some big frickin' shadows to step out from under. So I'm really rooting for them. I hope this does well for everybody. I think Shower Khan's daughter looks really good in this. Did she bring out love chains? Is that what that was? Those were love cuffs. Heck yeah, they sure were. By the way, have you heard... I'm only saying it because it's a rumor I saw in Hindustan Times about who may make a cameo in this. Shaw? That's okay. It's not confirmed, but there's rumblings about does he make an appearance in this thing? Wouldn't shock me. Wouldn't shock me either. I would love it.  Of course. To his daughter's first film. Of course, of course. Help her out in any way she can, nepotism. But I am really pleased that this made me want to get to know the characters. I think she laid out the story really well in this to let everybody know this is what the story is going to be about without giving too much away. And I'm looking forward to it. It looks like it's going to be a fun time. Yeah, it does. And a fun, enjoyable time. Yup. And that's actually what I would... It's a different way than a Rashkama Harani film. No. Because it has more quirky, whimsy. But a lot like... For those... This is not a spoiler. I think everyone on Earth has seen Grease. If you haven't seen Grease, go watch Grease. But Grease has these fun numbers. It's really frolicky and fun and light-hearted. And then, even though it's not that important, it is kind of important that he wins at Thunder Road, you know? And what it means to Sandy and Danny's relationship. That's what I'm expecting. That kind of feel when you watch this. Absolutely. Yeah, it looks great. Let us know what you thought about it, if you're excited for the Archies. And anything else we need to know down below.


All right, so I got my buddy here Larry bouncer for eight years and ex-military for five years You're telling me how much did you punch when you were in your old days? 1174 pounds per square inch. Okay, so that's definitely a really hard punch. Okay, maybe you can do as much now But max I do now probably about 900. I haven't worked out for quite a while. Okay, so 900 pounds per square inch That's how hard you're punching. All right, so how do you use softness to defeat such a hard?  Okay, so go Okay, so one more time And how many percent are you hitting? 40 40 percent. Okay, so And how's that so how I feel is that I feel shaking through my body because That energy is getting pretty much stuck here. All right, so if that was a little harder, it'll start to hurt Okay, so now I'm gonna turn on some softness Okay, and I'll explain what that means later. Okay, how many percent you're doing? I should do one fold so you can gauge it back. Okay do one fold just I want to ramp it up So let's say you do 80 percent something Ready? Okay, now do 100 percent Oh, I can feel that but Not all of it. How does that go? It actually feels sore right here What happened to that energy when it bounces back as it feels sore like the other times they hit you It didn't feel sore, but this time it does it kind of bounces back the energy right and you were hitting pretty hard Yeah, okay, so that's one way you use softness All right, it's to actually minimize the energy that goes in your body in your organs So that I will damage your organs and internally and actually send the energy down to into the feet Into the ground and actually it actually bounces back to the attacker. Isn't that interesting? Okay, so that's softness and one way the Chinese explained this is like a iron fist in the velvet club You're soft on the outside by heart on the inside All right, here's another demonstration how to use softness Against hardness. Okay, so I'm just kind of stiff here and he's gonna hit my arm And that's kind of hurting my arm. Yeah, me too. Me too.  Well, I hurt you elbow hit my elbow. Yeah, okay. Don't hit my elbow here here 100% all right, so tell explain how that hurts in here Okay, so he yeah, yeah, there's a pain in the arm where there shouldn't be pain basically Because I'm hitting him. He's not hitting me It shouldn't hurt you mean instantly after hitting him. It shouldn't be hurting Because the energy can bounce back Yeah, he does it. I don't know All right Larry, so tell me tell the audience what you felt with that demonstration Well, basically When I hit my forearm against his forearm, I should be the one transferring pain to him through the assault, but After the initial contact the pain is in my arm. It feels like It shouldn't feel sore right off the back when I'm hitting a person like that It the pain should be in them not in me It feels like the energy got bounced back or something. All right, so what's one way to use softness against hardness? Well, it's kind of like this analogy. Let's say you have a hammer really hard and you're hitting a sponge What happens nothing right? It just absorbs the energy nothing does it damage the sponge? Not really Okay, but if you use the hammer to hit a brick what happens? Most likely the bricks gonna shatter because it's stiff, okay? So for example, let's say he's gonna be pushing me. All right, and I'm really stiff It's like ah, I'm not gonna let you push me Okay, see how far I go back because I'm still just transfer all the energy is transferred And they actually goes out this way and my body is flying backwards this way Okay, you've got a tough guy here 240 pounds right to an 210 pounds and I'm 100 for five He's putting string of all this force I'm gonna go way back and just find some bar chair or maybe some glass and I don't want to be doing that right so Let's see. Let's say I do deal with softness. I'm totally soft and he does the same push same energy What happened? How come I didn't fly as far as back again? How come I didn't go as far as back. I didn't go back as far, right? Well, that's because I'm using softness to absorb that energy and transfer it to the ground All right, so now I'm gonna demonstrate to you how to use softness in your attacks to increase damage So here's something I'm just doing about 20% right with a basic stiff Stiff punch, okay now 20% How's that feel? It hurts more. Okay, so a little softer Yeah Okay, so how much more pain hurts? It hurts, yeah It's almost got the almost as a fun process to take the wind out of me Okay, so I'm using the same force, but the relaxation Relaxation cause more damage.  Yeah, too. Basically. I'm Transferring it Into your fish. Okay. If you do it fast like this boom It just gets stuck in the in the frame, right? But I'm actually soft and I actually I'm actually slowly pushing it into the body Okay, so how much more painful would that be using? The way you're doing it the second way it's a lot more painful Okay, so that's how you use softness and it'll be easier on your knuckles, too Yeah, it's done the punch like this anyone. Yeah, it breaks your knuckles if you look you can see there's stitch marks there from surgeries Yeah, so don't use your fist when it's the worst fight worst All right, so that's how you use softness to increase damage in your attacks, especially if you're smaller like me or you're Not as strong your muscles aren't as big or you're getting older and you don't have muscle mass that you normally do Then you need to know how to maximize the damage with the minimal effort All right, and also not it not break your fist or break your knuckles when you're attacking And then having to get surgery on your hand, right? So this is how you do it is you use softness use a whipping motion instead of using a stiff Hard punch in order to create more damage in your attacks. Hey, thanks for watching this video So what did you learn in this lesson Larry? Well, basically by using soft Concepts and fighting you can absorb and get less damage in a fight and be able to transfer the damage back To that person trying to injure you All right, cool So, yeah, if you want to learn more about this internal art how to use softness To increase your defensive capability increase your offensive capability through softness This is really a contradiction, right? How do you use softness to to pick a better fighter? Well, that's why we use this ancient chinese art and if you want to learn more about that Make sure you subscribe to this channel and check out some of my other awesome videos too So we'll see you in the next lesson


Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel explore education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh assistant professor Department of Education assistant girls really college University of Allahabad and This is the last video related to correlation coefficient Tetra core can pi coefficient of correlation. I have already discussed the concept of correlation the concept of correlation coefficient the Method of spearman's rank correlation coefficient Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient partial and multiple correlation and Bicereal and point bicereal correlation. I have already discussed and this is the last topic in this in this Context okay, so the lecture will be in bilingual mode and it must be useful for all of you Corric correlation we have read the relationship we know that the relationship is between the four In the middle, this positive negative can also be zero then we have to know that the relationship is good Ang will tell us strength that how much how much strength this relationship is then if the wealth is Atman then it means that one is increasing from one step to another is increasing from one step to another is decreasing and Its amount can be between minus one to plus one it cannot be in this you should know Now in this just a tetra core core pi is left It will not be asked to you numerically because it has cost theta There is a little trigonometry involved in its formula, so you will not be able to put it, it will only ask you for conceptual Questions that what is the difference between tetra core again pi correlation In in what condition you can use tetra core correlation and all So what does a tetra core correlation coefficient RT ET The point by serial is used when both variables are Dicotomous like the five, but we need also to be able to assume both ways really are continuous and normally distributed.  You will have to understand that if you are normally distributed, that means they are following the NPC. They are following the NPC, that means they are following the normal probability curve. Luckily, the maximum area is in the middle and the extreme cases are less. And what are the continuous variables? What are the discrete variables? Then when we divide a corner into two categories, that is dichotomy. We have also talked about natural dichotomy, such as male, female, gender wise or artificial dichotomy. For example, we have divided something into two parts. For example, we have told you how many students have passed, they have failed, this is artificial dichotomy. So, tetrachoric is said to be used only when both the variables are dichotomy, just like phi, but in this, the variables should be continuously distributed. So, tetrachoric correlation is a correlation between two dichotomous variables with underlying continuous distribution. That is, when we put tetrachoric correlation, when the correlation between the variables is between the dichotomous and continuous distribution, that is, we follow the normal distribution. If the two variables are measured in a more refined way, then the continuous distribution will result. For example, attitude to females and attitude towards liberalization are two variables to be correlated. They are saying that women and liberalization are related to each other. If we want to create a correlation then you can put tetrachoric. Why? Because both the variables are dichotomous. We have divided the two, attitude towards liberalization, attitude towards females, that is, they are both dichotomous. Now, we measure them as having positive or negative attitude. So, we will measure whether it is positive or negative. Suppose we are giving negative attitude as zero and positive attitude as one on both the variables. Then the correlation between these two variables can be computed using tetrachoric correlation. So, we have to remember this ten by serial, point by serial, tetrachoric and phi. What is the relation between the ten when both the variables are dichotomous and they are normally distributed, if there is a continuous variable, then tetrachoric. For example, they have given this example that the variables are actually continuous in nature, but measured as nominal set and dichotomous. You should also remember scales of measurement. I have already discussed that in the ordinal interval ratio, these are four scales. The lowest one is called nominal. Nominal means name. We don't know their rank, order, or anything else. These continuous variables, if measured exactly, would lead to a normal distribution. These are two points for tetrachoric. The variable which should be continuous and should be in the nominal set and should follow the normal distribution. For example, female and male. This is dichotomous. It is not about natural and artificial dichotomy. It is just that both the variables should be dichotomous. So, female and male are natural dichotomy. And non-smokers and smokers are artificial dichotomy. Right? Or it can be natural dichotomy. Genuine dichotomy. These are both dichotomous. So, these female and non-smokers are 23. Smokers are 21. Male and 27 are for the formula. The formula will not be asked. So, the total is 34. The total is 54. And it will be said. For example, tell us the tetrachoric correlation coefficient. The formula is this. That is why it will not be asked. Because cos theta is in it. Trignometry is in it. So, you will not be able to apply it. So, RTET is equal to cos 180 degree into under root BC. Under root AD plus under root BC. So, you will know the name of BC AD-BC. And 180 degree. So, you will have to see this table. So, its value will be 10, 10, 1, 4, 5. So, what is the thing to pay attention to? The thing to pay attention to is that continuous in nature should be variable and nominal set should be measured and this should follow normal distribution. Now, what is phi? Phi is saying that if phi coefficient is calculated as non-parametric measure of association when the data is genuinely dichotomous in nature. That is, the data here the variable should be in natural dichotomy. That was not in tetrachoric. Second thing, this is non-parametric measure. Now, pay attention to what is parametric and non-parametric. Parametric is what follows normal distribution. What is non-parametric? This means it will not follow normal distribution. This means what is the main difference between tetrachoric and phi? Dichotomy is happening in both places. But tetrachoric is a parametric measure. That is, it should follow normal distribution of its data. Whereas, phi coefficient is non-parametric. This means it will not follow normal distribution. As the variables are not exactly continuous so they cannot fall into normal distribution. The data of phi coefficient does not follow the normal distribution of the variable. And this sets phi coefficient different from tetrachoric correlation. And this is the difference between phi coefficient and tetrachoric correlation. What is the difference between tetrachoric and phi? We take out the correlation when we have a dichotomous variable. But we take out the tetrachoric coefficient when that variable is parametric. That is, it follows the normal distribution and does not follow the phi coefficient. Sorry. The phi coefficient is very useful in item analysis. The calculation of item to item correlation is to be calculated. The tetrachoric and phi coefficient share the same relationship among themselves and the point-by-serial correlation coefficients have among themselves. So, in this way, tetrachoric and phi also share the same type of relationship. So, we have to pay attention to what we will put in this condition. And what is the formula for this? It is said that Pearson's correlation between one dichotomous variable and another continuous variable is called as point-by-serial correlation. We have read that Pearson has a special form. In Pearson, when one dichotomous variable and another continuous variable is called as point-by-serial. When both the variables are dichotomous, what will we put in the file? We have to understand that when one dichotomous variable is called as point-by-serial. Now, we have to see what is dichotomy. Is it natural or artificial? It is not natural or artificial. Is it normal or distributed? It is not. When one dichotomous variable is called as point-by-serial, you can put in the file. For example, let us say that you have to compute correlation between gender and ownership of the property. What is gender? It becomes two categories, male and female. And ownership of property, what is the property? It will be divided into two categories. Some people will have it, some will not. So, both the variables are dichotomous. Now, we can put in the file coefficient. Why? Because this data does not follow the normal distribution. If it follows the normal distribution, then you can put in the data formula. This is its formula. We have to pay attention to these three things. Variables are truly discrete in nature with no underlying continuity. Variables are not continuous. They are discrete. Variable can be measured in only mutually exclusive categories. It will be equal to AD minus BC under root A plus B into C plus D into B plus D into A plus C. This will be equal to 10,000, 9, 1. Okay? You have to pay attention to all the types of correlation coefficient. And all the Pearson's products are in a refined way. When one dichotomous happened, you put in the point-by-serial by looking at the dichotomy that is natural or artificial. If you are a dichotomous, you will put in the point-by-serial by looking at the data whether the normal distribution is following or not. If the normal distribution is following, then you will put in the data formula. For all these, you will need variable, nominal, ordinal, ordinal, ordinal, interval, ratio, scales of measurement, continuous, discrete, normal distribution, dichotomy, variable. That is why you have to look at the basics first, then see how easy the statistics look. You won't be able to ask questions in this. You will be able to ask questions from the product moment or from the partial or multiple correlation. So in this way, finally I have completed the whole topic of correlation and correlation coefficient. So thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe to my channel, Explore Education. See you in the next video.


I think a lot of professionals and a lot of practitioners including teachers often struggle about what they should be doing with regards to prevention around NPS. It's a new topic, people don't quite have the required information, there's a lot of misinformation not only amongst the professions but also the general public and media. So prevention practitioners can sometimes panic that they should be doing something but they don't quite know what that is and this might mean that they make inappropriate decisions about what they should be doing with regards to prevention but there's no need to panic as we have an emerging evidence base with regards to effective approaches, how we engage target populations and what sort of activities we should be delivering but these are quite general approaches. I don't think we need at this point very specific NPS related prevention activities particularly in the school and family setting. We build upon skills with regards to life skills, health literacy, risk assessment and once we get those basics right then perhaps we can think about providing specialist information and advice around NPS but the important consideration is get the basics of prevention right first before you overcomplicate things by introducing NPS.


We return thanks to our mother the earth who sustains us to the rivers and streams that run upon the bosom of the earth To the descending rains that give us water and cause all plants to grow Water is part of us water is our culture. We we pray with water waters there with them without water Nothing exists Everything around us seems to be putting the wrong things into the river and we start thinking right then you know water quality I mean they can be long is going to affect in our wells too people has moved in in the past and Poisoned our bays and left us, but we're not going to allow that to happen anymore Water is life pa mape to Qua by any name water represents a life force to American Indians Rivers lakes streams wetlands and oceans are part of our landscape Water nourishes our tribes our herds and our crops and water is part of our tribal legends and rituals Songs that we make up are always talking about water water coming from the sky water coming from the clouds And we pray for rain our people really held the waters and natural resources sacred We pray to have moisture. We pray to the rivers. We pray to the water holes We pray for rain because it's a human being. That's what nourishes our body is water From the Seminoles of Florida to the Sioux of the upper plains to the clinkett of Alaska Countless generations of American Indians have lived with the land and respected Mother Earth and her abundant resources No laws or regulations were needed to maintain this delicate balance the rains and and The plushing and and everything nature took care of water standards If you're talking about turn of the century of people started to gather here all of a sudden we have a people problem Our lands were then affected by the industrialization of the country Pollution flowed in our rivers lakes and streams as a result a relationship with water changed We have our elders telling us of a time when they could drink water from the river and Nobody would dream of doing that today. I mean Acoma used to rely on their drinking water coming our systems up at Acoma But now we have Acid rain who wants to drink acid? Water remains a vital part of our lives and our culture But the quality of our water today cannot be taken for granted. We must take action to protect it The tribes are the stewards of the land and and they have a different Cultural value of what we're talking about without the water and without the river and without what it brings to us spiritually Economically just what it takes to make us whole and make us who we are That's how important it is things are different Things are not what I saw when I was growing up as a young person things are not just What grandfather taught me? In the 1960s people across the country became more aware of water pollution Fish kills were common sewage flowed in rivers and in 1969 Ohio's Cuyahoga River became so polluted with toxic waste It burst into flames the public demanded action and the US Congress responded by enacting the Clean Water Act in 1972 to improve the nation's water quality The Clean Water Act is implemented by the US Environmental Protection Agency EPA But initially little was done to protect the water quality in Indian country Then in 1987 Congress amended the Clean Water Act these amendments authorized EPA to provide funding for eligible tribes and To treat eligible tribes as states for the purpose of establishing their water quality standards While EPA and tribes working together have made a lot of progress Most tribal waters still are not protected by basic standards under the Clean Water Act It's very important that we protect our sovereignty in relation to the water issue If we don't someone else is going to take care of it and we'll lose jurisdiction over that and not have the control over it So what are water quality standards? Water quality standards are the foundation and a tool for improving and protecting our surface waters Water quality standards consist of three parts one the use or uses of a water body For such things as fishing swimming boating or for cultural or traditional uses To water quality criteria, which are limits on pollutants and conditions that will protect the use of the water and Three an anti degradation policy that governs changes in water quality tribes develop water quality standards to Protect a range of uses Certainly surface waters for many tribes are a source of drinking water They may be a source of irrigation water for fields their economic livelihood if they're a fishing community They may have sweat lodges certain ceremonies that involve immersion in water for both the health of the ecosystem and the health of the tribal members Having water quality standards or something that is critical to them Some tribes have seen the advantages of developing their own water quality standards under the Clean Water Act and are now seen positive results for their efforts Here are the success stories of the Acoma and Chihales tribes I am the mother water clan of our tribes when there's a sickness of animals under Reservation of dehydration and stuff. They call the water clan people to bless the water so the animals could have some Refreshing water to drink, you know, you have the Huaca clan And you have that sits on those are the two important clans that have a lot to do with water special prayers and songs are made and sung before the water is given to an individual or to the fields or to the animals People started noticing the the discoloration the quality of the water Not only in the river, but also in our farming fields There was a drastic changes that took place some day it'll run out if we don't put a stop to it in here The Pueblo of Acoma's reservation stretches across almost 900 square miles of high desert in New Mexico For hundreds of years Acoma's hunted these lands and cultivated crops from the desert While tribal members live in and around three towns on the reservation The heart of the Pueblo is Old Acoma a town atop of 357 foot high sandstone Mesa Old Acoma called Sky City is one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities in North America The traditional name for the Pueblo of Acoma is really Haco and Haco means basically in our language The place that always was a place that always prepared and a place that it's always going to be Over the years Acoma has become known throughout the world for its beautiful black and white pottery Today tourism tribal government gaming and ranching support the Pueblo's economy For generations Acoma's enjoyed a steady flow of clean clear water from the Rio San Jose and other area aquifers But in the 1970s tribal members in other area residents noticed pollutants and sludge accumulating on the Rio San Jose Our farmers as irrigators noticed that the water was harmful to them when they stepped in it and it was very visible You could smell the odor of those discharges in the river All these natural springs that we have at Acoma are some places are shut because of the contamination And these things that have gone through our Pueblo other pollutants that we have to deal with our livestock that often wander about near springs and our river and Pollute them we're having algae blooms huge algae blooms on the on the lake itself Which was depleted and really the oxygen for the for the fish that we had stocked there We had fish scales going on. It was a big Not only economic blow to the tribe, but also an agricultural blow because everybody east of the lake Who you who farm dependent on that particular source of water? In addition the nearby town of Grants had been discharging its wastewater into the river Under the Clean Water Act pollutants discharged from point sources require a national pollutant discharge elimination system or NPDES permit Grants had such a permit from EPA to discharge treated effluent into the river However, the city's wastewater treatment plant had numerous violations to its permit limits this is what happened with a Contamination that we got from the city of Grants and this is what we have to contend with on our river system is years and years of black muck and in some areas it's anywhere from a Foot to six feet deep and it's just pure You know just pure muck that's gonna take time as a result the Pueblo of Acoma eventually took legal action against grants in the 1980s this began the process of the tribe developing its own environmental programs We realized we would need to manage that resource on a day-to-day basis And to bring in more technical capability Here on the Pueblo the Pueblo of Acoma ultimately wanted to improve their domestic water supply Creative fishery have water for recreation and bring farming back to historic levels To do that the tribe received technical and financial assistance from the EPA and 1996 they began the process of developing their own water quality standards They are our funding source EPA was very open to to build in that relationship We have EPA come and do presentations to even our tribal government who's the tribal council and tribal administration and also Establish a good coherent type of relationship, which we deal with community people Which I think is important for other tribes to realize. I think a lot of times throughout the country Tribes have a very different view and a dim view when it comes to federal agencies and being able to work and develop hand-in-hand if we don't Come together the feds the state the tribes the local governments the people on the watersheds If we don't work together there won't be nothing there won't be no clean water There won't be no salmon there won't be no government-to-government relation there won't be no There won't be any any animals protection or or anything. It's it's just We have to work together. There's no other way We had a series of public hearings to begin the process of getting our standards approved through EPA The public and local governments gave the Pueblo of Acoma enthusiastic support The Pueblo of Acoma approached this process in a very smart efficient way and it went smoothly Open public forums gave everyone a chance to learn what the tribe was proposing and to give their input just a whole thought and idea of Breeding information to the attention of our people in various areas and Accommodate those concerns and be able to assist us and work together in a good partnership Make our our our government stronger make our tribe stronger make our state stronger and the people that work together Make them stronger that they they they they have these great opportunities to get something done The Pueblo of Acoma adopted its water quality standards in 1998. They were approved by EPA in 2001 So far the Pueblo of Acoma has faced a handful of compliance problems from dischargers and on each occasion was successful in upholding its standards When the EPA approves tribal or state water quality standards The approval does not include any enforcement authority But under your own laws and regulations Tribes and states may have the authority to take enforcement action We have phone calls that come in from non even our non-union neighbors To report things that are going on out there that might affect either water resources or our environment So I think that's that's really the key to management and the key to enforcement is having an open door policy The Pueblo of Acoma's water quality standards are working Not only can they be used to protect against future degradation of resources But they are helping to meet the original goal of improving the health of the Rio San Jose And now when we go out to the river we see how the river is coming back. So it's been very successful Acoma Pueblo has been a leader in protecting our water sources It's really important that our children carry on these responsibilities We still have a long ways to go and we still have a lot of educating to do But the progress that we're making is we've got a water office now I think it's really important that we begin to show the outside world that we have the management capabilities that we have The capability to go and monitor our own natural resources As a tribe we want to keep it healthy We want to be able to be able to have a clean river, you know, so the fish may be able to come back For centuries Chehalis people lived along the Chehalis River near the western coast of what is now Washington state The Chehalis tribe depended heavily on fish from the river In the 1860s the Chehalis were moved to a reservation between the Black and Chehalis rivers Today most Chehalis are employed either by the tribal government or in the gaming industry In the late 1980s the quality of the Black and Chehalis rivers began deteriorating In the low times of the river we could walk across the river but then in our I say maybe 20 years ago We would cross river and it was slippery the rocks were all coated and slippery and we said man There's something going on here when it makes a change that you haven't seen before You know a bank changes and there's no more trees there Or the river's never been this color this time of the year A lot of our problems have happened because next to the river There's a lot of logging going on construction and there's much slides in 1985 we had what they call a fish kill Biologists are hauling hundreds of salmon out of the Black and Chehalis rivers south of olympia many of them trophy-sized About a 35 40 pounder here More than 200 000 fish died from toxic pollutants released into the water when we saw fish scales It was kind of a wake-up call. We said we need to not only not let it deteriorate But somehow enhance the quality of the water how we're going to do it The confederated tribes at the Chehalis reservation first started an environmental program with a grant from the epa The tribe opened its water resource department and set up a water quality laboratory in 1992 The laboratory staff began testing the surface and groundwater on the reservation We test the water because that's uh where the fish live and many people on this reservation use fish as a Big part of their diet. So if the water is contaminated then possibly the fish may be contaminated And we want to find that out before it gets too bad. Okay temperature 8.53 Specific connectivity is point zero five And the depth is point seven We have money that comes from From uh, uh the environmental protection agency to our tribes And we go out and test the water to state don't we do it the tribes do it with our professional infrastructure We're able to go and ask ourselves what's going on rather than asking somebody else and not knowing if the answer that we're getting is Is one that we're being told to just pacify us or it's a an actual answer that we can rely on So having your own department and your own entity that you can ask and is certified and has the training and background as necessary makes the answers that you get mean not much more In 1994 the Chehalis tribe began the process of developing their water quality standards The tribe wanted to become a more substantial player in actions that might occur both on and off reservation That would affect their waters and they knew the way to get to the table to be that active voice and In decisions that were made was to have their own laws and regulations establishing What they felt were important for protection of their waters Washington state's attitude is let's make this work It hasn't been uh to fight about jurisdiction We have felt that Clean water Is a benefit to all of us The sediment will be washed into the river causing The tribe's natural resources department started holding meetings to inform tribal members and to obtain their input First of all we looked at what are the state water quality standards are and we said Are they tough enough are these the standards we can live with Are these standards are good enough to protect what we are trying to protect and we found out that yes The standards they have are what we would like to have they obviously did not want to Compromise any of their goals or standards, but they wanted to make There's At least in form similar to washington state's knowing that at some time in the future They can refine and tune those standards further to match their reservation waters It was a more Expedient way of getting their standards in place and as a consequence They're one of the few tribes that does have standards in place After the tribal meetings the chehalis tribe went to the community at large to share their ideas and plans I think that's very Important because a lot of times the fear people have not knowing what's going on How is going to impact me? I think tribes need to be very clear and have an open door policy to discuss those matters Whether they are tribal members or not they conducted a hearing they sent out public notices. They um Engaged their community as best they could to get input on their standards before they finalized them and it was it was very successful Then the tribe drafted their water quality standards, which were approved by the epa in 1997 The most important thing for tribes is it gives us a seat at that table and finding a relationship of government government relation to to work together Careful planning open communications and solid relationships Between the community at large the state of washington and the tribal government Enabled the process to run smoothly a few years ago Maybe if one of our community members seeing something going happening to the river Or being put into the river they weren't comfortable with They really had no recourse of well. Gosh look at that. That's not good Once we develop the water quality standards It's like antenna has gone up to every tribal member. I get phone calls from people. I have never met on the reservation Even non-indians call me. We just saw on the sats up river Somebody was dumping this truckload of gravel next to the river. Do you know about it? Somebody they can talk to and say, you know, I've seen this is this ride or is there something we can do about it So so we put one of the remedies Kind of in the middle here and it's not situated in a some state or county agency We have established rules And we have made those rules known to other people And we're prepared to enforce them We have laws in the books to punish those people who are trying to discharge into this water or contaminate this water We don't want the agriculture people to move. We don't want the timber industry to leave We want them to be there We want them to do the right thing and uh There's a right way to cut timber and there's a wrong way. There's a right way to take care of the watershed and there's a wrong way In 2001 the tribe and state signed an agreement to establish a partnership in which both parties Committed to early notification on water quality issues sharing information and consulting before actions are taken Through this agreement the tribe and the state have coordinated management of the water resources in the black and shahalas watersheds They helped to form the shahalas watershed partnership. That's a partnership amongst the governments in this shahalas watershed I think it works to the benefit of all it will minimize Disputes that occur they will benefit from each other's expertise and they will really Work in a cooperative fashion to manage their shared waters The shahalas tribe is seeing progress. They put rules in place to protect their life source the shahalas river And they've been cleaned up on account of the government and the states and the tribes All working together to make it happen It's working You know, maybe it'll take a hundred years to clean that up, but it will be cleaned up And we've started, you know, and that's the most important thing that we've started We're not leaving. We're here We're here and we'll be here a hundred years from now and we'll be sitting at that table together By implementing their water quality standards the akama and the shahalas tribes continue to see positive results Their rivers are running cleaner and fish and plant life are returning The tribe's waters will be protected for generations to come Both tribes saw their water quality deteriorating and took positive steps to improve water quality By developing and implementing water quality standards And it doesn't matter the size of your reservation large or small We all need the protections afforded by water quality standards We encourage all of the tribes to start the process of adopting standards under the clean water act Both the tribal coordinator and the water quality standards coordinator can help the tribe identify sources of money That may be available to help offset the cost of developing standards and implementing them What we did was very first thing is to look at Grants to find money and EPA again came up for money for us. You can buy equipment You can hire people you can train people So how do you get started? Talk to your tribal members So they'll understand the importance of protecting valuable water resources. Their support and involvement is critical If you have a tribal member working in the water quality program You have more at stake because your family lives here your children are growing up here They are using this water this river I would involve all other concerned people anybody that has a concern for the health of their rivers lakes springs and streams To do whatever they can to protect that resource before it's too late Contact EPA's regional office in your area EPA staff is available to provide technical assistance and advice EPA stands ready to work with tribes on developing standards The process of developing standards won't be easy in all places But it's very very important Our water is our future by protecting our rivers lakes and streams today We protect a vital life force for future generations EPA is committed to working with tribes on a government to government basis With states with federal agencies to protect Indian country waters I cannot really overemphasize how important is it that this is the time and opportunity for the tribes To develop their water quality standards being able to say I have the capability My people my tribe has the capability to run this type of program It's our river and it's our water and And if we don't do it then we can't expect somebody else to do it for us. It's Our water at this point, but it's the water for my grandson's from our granddaughters So it is that time that we need to really start focusing on those people that are behind us that are yet unborn We can find a way to make things happen if we're talking together When the rain sings and we don't know what it means We hear the rhythm of bare feet Dancing and we can't figure it out It's the last drop of A refreshing drink from the spring of continuance And all that is left is about a drop of remembering Some say the spring won't fill again from the depths of mother earth and we will be full


Last lap at Talladega, here's a breakdown for non-NASCAR fans by a guy who doesn't watch a lot of NASCAR.  The gray car is way in front, right? Way in front, but he's given 12 the yellow car a lane because he can only block one lane at a time. So he's staying on the inside in the turn. He's staying on the inside, but now eventually he's gonna try and make a move to block 12, who's coming up.  Switcheroo. Now he's on the inside, they're all in line and 12's got a guy riding his butt, pushing him a little bit. The gray car, he wants someone to ride his butt, give him a little push. They're going around the turn, he's on the outside, 12's on the inside, they're gonna get neck and neck and then it's all gonna be a close race down the stretch because they got buddies pushing them. But what happens is 36 is like, wait, I'm gonna try and get to the third lane, try to see if I can make a push to win or block people from passing me because I want to finish in the top five.  So now 12's got a car giving it a ride and gray has got no car giving it a ride and that helps 12 win by a smidge. Well, everybody in the background just wrecks and you got three cars that cross the finish line sideways. That's what happened at the end of the race at Talladega. 12 Ryan Blaney wins. Kevin Harvick was in the lead for a while but then lost his help. He thought he was gonna get a final push as well but dude got spun out. So 12 celebrates.  My kid watches where the cars are like animated and the car celebrates but there's a guy driving it. He won the race, there he is.   Hell yeah. He's a playoff driver winning big races. Third time he's won Talladega and that's not even by the closest margin. So there you go. Now you know what happened at Talladega and how it happened in the last lap.


Nous allons maintenant ajouter des interactions dans notre layout. Nous allons voir ce que nous allons faire. Tout d'abord, c'est le target que nous voulons acheter. Nous voulons avoir pas une scrine, mais deux scrines. Chaque scrine va avoir son propre bouton pour changer à l'autre. La première, nous avons un deuxième bouton qui va changer à la deuxième. Et la deuxième, nous avons un bouton prévu qui va changer à la première. Nous allons utiliser pas l'effet de la slide, je vais expliquer pourquoi. Ce sera l'effet de couverture, qui est similaire, mais n'a pas besoin d'un buffer extra pour travailler. L'effet de slide, en fait, a besoin d'une configuration spécifique de l'initialisation de TGFX pour spécifier l'initialisation d'un buffer extra. Un buffer extra est disponible juste au-delà de l'un qui est défini pour l'application. Et en utilisant cet extra buffer, la TGFX librairie va impliquer cet effecteur de slide, la transition de l'initialisation entre les scrines, par randrer l'intérêt de la prochaine scrine pour être dédiée. Et pour pouvoir slider entre la première et la deuxième. L'effet de couverture est une transition similaire, mais n'a pas besoin d'un buffer extra. Nous allons utiliser cet extra buffer, parce que dans 24 bits par pixel, ajouter un buffer extra à l'extra-memory à l'extra-memory ne sera pas supporté par l'application. Donc, on va continuer à couvertir l'effet, en fait, avec l'effet de slide. Nous allons ensuite ajouter un flex-button. Nous avons plusieurs boutons de type, des boutons de type dans le design. Certains ont une appearance prédefined. Et le flex-button permet beaucoup de flexibilité. Comme je le disais, par définir vos propres images ou de presser et relier les états, incluant textes ou pas, ou en utilisant des images prédefinedes. Donc, le côté de ce bouton est complètement configuré. Ce n'est pas le cas pour les principaux boutons. Nous allons donc configurer ce specific bouton avec les images importées pour le démon. Et ajouter un nouveau écran. Nous allons cliquer sur ce plus-button dans le panel. Et nous verrons que nous pouvons couper et tester un set de rejet de l'un à l'autre. Donc, ça s'éteint la configuration de rejet. Dans notre cas, ce n'est pas un grand délire parce que ce n'était pas juste une image de bas-grond mais, pour un layout plus complexe, ce n'est pas intéressant de couper et tester un rejet de l'un à l'autre. Et nous allons cliquer sur le second bouton dans le second bouton. La dernière étape est de définir l'interaction dans le bouton. Donc, le bouton permet de définir un set limité des interactions. Pour d'autres interactions plus advancedes, nous devons impliquer directement dans le code. Mais l'interaction toujours permet de définir des définitions d'interaction. Donc, l'interaction sera définie par un trigger. Nous verrons que ce genre de triggers sont supportés dans le bouton. Donc, si nous choisissons un bouton, nous pouvons choisir aucun bouton qui est defini dans le current et un action. Donc, un trigger et un action. Et l'action sera, dans notre cas, de changer le bouton. Il peut aussi être, nous verrons, que l'interaction est une partie de l'ab pour exécuter un code spécifique ou pour augmenter le budget. Par exemple, aussi. Donc, il y a un certain nombre d'interactions basées qui sont complètement configurées par le designer. Cela signifie que vous n'aurez pas à pratiquement impliquer le code C plus. Ce code C plus. Cela sera fait pour vous. Alors, commençons d'abord. La première étape est d'ajouter notre première bouton qui nous permettra de changer à la prochaine étape. Donc, nous allons cliquer, single-click, sur le bouton flex. Donc, c'est l'apparence du bouton flex. C'est juste une boîte avec une boîte. Donc, sur la droite, vous pouvez voir, let's me enlarger vous pouvez voir le style default. Il s'appelle style in the tool. So, the default style is a box with border and release is this blue. The pressed state is a lighter blue. We cannot remove this style. We will not use it, but we cannot remove it until a new style is defined. So, we have to add a style and our style will be an image. So, we want to define an image button and then we can remove this border style. For the moment, we have no image defined. So, we have to enlarge unfold this category. And we will set the position to this position. Again, it's not mandatory to use exact position. I will use the guides that are provided with the tool. And then, we can set the image that corresponds to the press and release state of this button. So, the release state will be the dark blue and the pressed state will be the light one. And we can lock the flex button to the image size. So, you can see here that you may be surprised that the box that fits the image is larger than the has a higher height than the actual button. In fact, it's because there is some shadow on the button. That's why it's bigger. So, we have to rename this button correctly and forgot to do it. So, the button will be button transition. Again, I don't think this one is mandatory for this lab. So, in slide 33 we are done. So, we can add now a new style that will come along with the image one. So, we can fold this image style and add a new one that will be some text. Because we want to put some text on this button. So, the text you can see now is not centered in the button. So, we can modify or can adapt the position of the text using these attributes and we want to put it around the center of it. But we have to put the right the correct text to be sure that it is properly centered and the correct text will be next. And we will also change the color. So, the color of the text will be deep the black color for the pressed state and put to white when it is released. So, it appears clearly on this dark blue. So, we are done with this first button. Let's now add the new screen. So, we are in the screen panel. We can press on the plus button and a new screen appear. This is when we will use the copy paste feature. So, we can select to select you have to go to the screen and use the edit function and select all. So, here I selected all the widgets. But for the selection we can also use the control key. So, you click on a widget and press the control key keep it pressed and click on another widget. Then, you will have a selection of several widgets and I can also click on the top bar and on the background also. That's another way to select the widget. Several widgets, then I can copy go to screen 2 and use the menu edit and paste. So, now I have two screens with the exact same content. I will remove from the second screen the animated which I made the logo. And in my second screen the next button will not be next but previous. So, I have to modify the style and put previous instead. So, back to the slide set. So, again the position is not so important in my case. We now add the interactions for each of the screen. So, if we remember the use case the first screen when pressing this button we want to switch to the second screen. So, the interaction panel is next to the attribute panel on the right side. Just note that here we have a blue dot on the generated code that I missed previously. So, that means that the code for this button for example on the second screen has not been yet generated. So, I will add an interaction. We have a name, a specific name to put on it. Yes, go to next screen. Go to screen 2. It's not that important for this interaction but again keeping in mind that we should stick to the names that are defined in the slide set it's a good idea because some of them are important for the next step. So, rename this interaction into screen 2. The trigger of this interaction and this interaction will be to when the button is pressed. So, we have animation is done. So, for example, we could this one is available because we have an animated logo in the screen otherwise it will not appear. So, we could define that without looping a logo. It will only appear if the animation is finished. We have also hardware button is clicked. This one will be a wrapper in fact. It will not be completely implemented because the touch efficiency designer does not know yet how to handle hardware button. So, it will create some placeholder functions to implement your own code and another interaction is the screen is entered. So, that means that here it is the start of screen. So, as soon as the application starts we are entering the screen but we could define an interaction in the second screen for example to display a logo on the second screen when it is entered. So, it is when we switch from the first one to the second one, then the second one is entered. That could be an interaction or an event. So, in our case, it will be button clicked. The list of the button is automatically updated here. If I add another button maybe three of them and go to the interaction I will have here all the buttons that are available in my layout.  So, we can also execute some C code we will do that in the next part and also add some include files because the function that we will call here can be defined in a specific include file. This can also be handled by the designer. We could fade a widget hide a widget, move a widget also wait for some delay in the interface to add some automatic interaction. So, in our case, we change screen and select the screen in screen 2. So, as I said, the transition we will select the cover transition the select transition is requiring different initialization and for the moment it is not raising any warning. So, if you select the transition, it will not crash at all but discovering that there is no extra buffer because there is a specific boolean when a specific value parameter to set in the initialization of the library to say there is an animation buffer available. By default, it will not be set it will be set to false and in this case the library even if there is a transition will not implement it so it will not crash but it will not do the sliding effect either. In the PC simulator, it's different because the part that refresh the screen is specific to Windows so in this case, it will work in the simulator. So, the cover transition will work in both simulator and target and we can set the direction of the transition so we will go to east and west for the other one. So, that's it for the first interaction. Let's now go to the second screen and define the second interaction which will be very similar the trigger will be the button is clicked the button transition will be the source of this trigger and the action will be to change the screen one this time. We can use the slide effect for this second effect just to show you the difference and you will see it in the simulator in fact but not on the target as I said and you can see that we can also trigger another interaction so this is a checkbox and when checking this box if you had another interaction the trigger will then be also another interaction is done this can be used for automatic animation of a user interface if you add some an interaction that is to wait for 3ms for example and you want something to happen when these 3ms are over you can define an interaction that waits for 3ms and check this checkbox so that at the end of this wait another interaction can be triggered also I will remove this second interaction to go to screen 1 so now we can generate the code so the code generation will be faster because the longer is the image second generation and build here we only update a few files notably the screen 2 that has been added and we will launch the simulator just to see the difference between sliding and covering so again on the final target the when sliding back to the first screen you will just change directly to the first screen it will not crash but it requires some more some more editing of the code that will certainly be the dedicated in a practically shown I mean in a dedicated short short video that will describe how to do it because there are several steps in our case since the internal memory cannot contain both buffers cannot contain an extra buffer for the animation we have to switch to the 16 bits color format and enable the feature so here is the simulator window it opens always on my second screen we can also cover to the first to the second screen and slide to the first one so you can see that the difference is that when covering in fact the second screen is written line by line to cover the first one while in the sliding effect the second screen is created entirely internally is created next to the memory next to the first one because remember that all this is somewhere in a frame buffer so in memory so we create the second screen and then slide the pointer of the frame buffer to the second one which creates this effect which is quite similar to cover but requires a lot more memory and we can flash the target I guess for this step we use the Q programmer but I'm not sure no it's still so it's it's still in the designer tool using the run target button we didn't run the very first lab on the target that's why I still have the very first out of the box demo on my target in the state if I left it just before so this one will take a while because we are creating the entire binary file so I will put it aside it will be then the end of this second part of the lab this is a short explanation in fact of what I told you regarding the animation buffer so you are free to look at it afterwards so this is the start from buffer address so it's not exactly the initialization step of the library, it's an extra initialization at this stage the library is already initialized but we are setting the frame buffer address the size and also a boolean here that is by default 0 when it is set to 1 it tells the library that the animation buffer is available and in order to be available we have of course to raise the frame buffer a raise by 1 so we have by default 2 frame buffers because we are in double buffer we have to set it to 3 but for that we have to modify the color format from 24 to 16 bit and then we will switch to the next part so I will speed up the compiling phase so now the start the flashing of the board will actually start and this will be done using the cube programmer that is installed the prerequisite of this lab so there is a hard coded file pass for this cube programmer that can be modified it's in the make file that I showed you previously if you put it in a specific folder maybe with the version of the cube programmer you can modify of course the binary executable that is used for this binary execution so you can see here cube programmer that is called in command line and you can see already my board display has become white not exactly white but it's not addressed anymore during the flash and here is the demo with first it's directly the first screen there is no sliding effect which is expected again so that's it for the second part of this lab we will go now to the third one