Homiru odysia rapsodhia ikositriya v'horisai by Homer Book 23 Read in Ancient Greek. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Eleni Kemiktsi, Athens-Greece, Web-address www.projomir.com Homiru odysia rapsodhia ikositriya v'horisai by Homer Book 23 This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Please visit LibriVox.org. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Please visit LibriVox.org. Please visit LibriVox.org. Please visit LibriVox.org. Please visit LibriVox.org. Please visit LibriVox.org. Please visit LibriVox.org. Please visit LibriVox.org. Please visit LibriVox.org. Please visit LibriVox.org. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. 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agenda is the budget. Yeah so I mean there's there was one slight change and part of it that slight change was underneath the contract with services we did reduce that down from a hundred thousand five hundred down to seventy and what that's under operations and building and so it's on page 10 of 11 this is what Andrew had raised his hand asking a question about so what is budgeted in that 70 is to do finish doing trim painting from the buildings that's something that we have been budgeted for last year we were able to do some of it this past summer that's South worlds and I don't know if you notice but we pay in the front doors and South world still a lot of trim to be done at the royalty campus and then we did receive a quote at the Buffalo campus for last summer and the trim there was going to cost 45,000 so the big chunk of that 70 is going to be essentially cover the rest of the paint that that we that we have a day of the tackle over the last several years and so also others those are the biggest two money value jobs and like I said the quote to do that pull all the trim in the front part underneath the windows at Buffalo campus and I'm not going to picture there's no light underneath all the front windows is in need of some intensive work there too and in the back I actually think there's going but we were able to dial that in so that's the decrease that you see from last week's that was the adjustment there did we make any other adjustments I would say we we didn't decrease anything this year the next year 12% increase in health insurance and negotiated raises I feel if you send me how do you feel to tackle just over 4% compared to where some of the other colleagues have seen their budgets right now yeah I guess my question was just to finalize exactly what is the tax rate increase in Bethel and in Royalton compared to last year so if you go to the do you have your packet Peggy no I don't have it in front of you yeah just to get finalized because everybody was saying one cent and three cents but yet it looked like more to me so that's why I was confused yeah so when we're looking at the tax sheet we'll start right up at the top so the current expenditure budget is twelve million nine hundred sixty eight thousand five hundred and fifteen dollars we've been back out from that you're offsetting revenue of one million three hundred thousand five hundred and sixteen dollars so that gets through your act sixty eight education spending of eleven million six hundred sixty seven thousand nine hundred and ninety nine dollars we divide that by the equalized pupil of five hundred and sixty six point nine four and that gives us the education spending per pupil cost of twenty thousand five hundred eight dollars and sixty six cents we then take that number and we divide it by the yield which is fifteen thousand four hundred and seventy nine dollars and that gives us the equalized residential tax rate of one point three two nine six which is a reduction of twelve point seven cents over the current tax rate so from there we go to each of the individual towns so in Bethel we start with the equalized tax rate of one point three two nine six we divide that by your common level of appraisal which is eighty eight point four zero a reduction of eight point eight four percentage points from the current and that gives you your FY twenty four homestead actual tax rate of one point five zero four one and then we back that out from your current tax rate and it's an increase of point zero zero four eight in Bethel non-residential yep half a cent non-residential tax rate is up point zero six zero three so six cents in the non-residential tax rate in Royalton again we start at that one point three two nine six divide that by the CLA of eighty five point four four percent which is a reduction of nine point nine percentage points and that gives you an equalized tax rate of one point five five six two which is an increase of point oh two seven zero or two point seven cents in Royalton and then the non-residential in Royalton is up eight point four five cents you do the same thing with a non-residential rate you take the non-residential rate and you divide it by your CLA and that's how you get your the state's non-residential rate divided by your CLA and that's how you get your non-residential rate right we don't our budget does not control the number nope that's all done by the state okay thank you you're welcome questions regarding budget I think well again that being my first year I've been kind of just going with it so kind of information but just kind of some of the knowledge that I've gained through this experience and some of the people that I talked to on the state level like how was that a meeting a week and a half ago where there were two secondary departments that were there so kind of asking them how things are looking in Montpelier right so other than the transportation budget which you know there's a new T-bill that they're trying to find their matching funds for because they have plenty of pet clothing for it all the other departments at least from what I gather starting next year they're looking to try to build those because the fed money is going to start running out after this budget soon so it sounds like that sounds weird but you know it looks like we're if we don't make any our decisions in this budget we're gonna have to make some point for it or the tax rate is going to go high because you're gonna see a lot of these programs that we have funded with that money that gets passed down to the state and to the HSU so I guess I'm just you know just concerned on that you're not carrying any positions next year that are fully funded by us yeah just so we're clear when you're born yeah I mean halfways of things have been built into this but you're gonna see a lot of things like you know there's a lot of things you're gonna see the equal even though people where you went up a thousand this year you can see that get changed drastically you know you're on yields your yields and stuff like that can change full pounds are going through a CLA issue I know that full is gonna be going through the rephrase the process starting next summer so that's a year and a half process I don't know where else to start that but because the CLA's are you know at whack right now so there's a lot of things that are against us yeah so I mean I guess not like getting into the all the departments because I just kind of on a big level I guess the concern I have is again having the the the valleys and you know hills on our budget instead of a nice slope I think I think that's one of the reasons why we're trying to you know both this year and last year trying to put as much money in those reserve funds as we could so that then yeah we can at least try not to touch educational portions because I use some of that money to offset some of it so you would start right that's one way we consider things out plus you know if we we do still have semester money coming from extra this upcoming budget so if we can get one more surplus this upcoming year then use that pay down even things out that's another way that that's kind of what I was talking about last time he wasn't here for that I mean I think the whole reason why I got on the board one of them was just you know on the budget ends you know it's a great learning process because a lot of complicated factors that I really control this level right that we're up against but but again the better bell curve that we can have that you know better for everybody especially what we're going through right now I mean to play devil's advocate I would I would say as a taxpayer methyl I would expect the three or four percent increase this year just based on what I'm seeing for budgets everywhere so to see a half a cent that's great for my pocket but I kind of worried about longer term are you gonna ask for six cents next you know I mean so you could increase your tax rate and we could take this 200,000 dollars right that's what I brought up last time I mean the board felt like based on inflation of things I know people are hurting but it's also you know if you want to send messages to higher ups on that people are hurting the only way they see that is with budgets you know if we pass a budget that is a half a cent people in Bethel would be happy right but we don't know what that's gonna be next year you know it's kind of like the days of you know some of the school budgets got voted down to send a message I'm not saying that we're sending a message to appeal here but the thing is a lot of the reasons why we're in this position is because of people that are making decisions and if we don't send a message the decisions are being correctly I don't think everybody feels that way but but I just worry you know a long term not the short term yeah and I think the issue if we're sending a message this year though like the decision that they made which was to have a high yield is beneficial for us sure and if we push up Bethel it's gonna push up oil too much already three percent so three cents so you're right that's not gonna be possible no I've you know I haven't this up last time and we kind of discussed it decided to not you know that's fine so but I hear what you're saying about having a lower rate this year meaning that there's a potentially a higher rate why not just in case for instance in the town of Bethel anyways we've gotten used to for a certain level of services that there will be certain levels of increase that go along with that so many people are expected to see a two or three cent a year increase to retain those services based upon inflation and different things are going on the most the more difficult thing though as you remember and from in this state is one big part and so as a town you can really control that the tax rate locally is really hard for us to dial in and assert meaning if right now they weren't giving back the money that they decided to do and again from sir plus to me you you would be looking at a significant increase in taxes and that's kind of where by point but we can't adjust our budget enough Chris to make up that difference we're talking about 12 cents no no and I under again it's great to have the conversation that is exactly my fear what you just brought up there is had they not have done this we would be in this position and I think it's easier I know it's difficult because the easy button is to say everybody can afford this or keep the level of education have but had just not come through we would be looking at having to do something right right I mean that's why we talk about it since October right like what is the program that you want to have we're never going to know what the yield is going to be for the CLA until December right so that's what's really difficult around the budget process right so I think my goal is we every year do zero-based budgeting so that we really come to the board and say these are the physicians that we need in order to do the programming that you currently offer in order improve the programming and it's also an opportunity for the board to say you know I'm feeling like we are over staff of this area and that's one to give that direction right because trying to adjust once they release all their data in December is really hard it's really late in the game and I think a lot of our job is education like making sure people understand that we're doing the best we can to you know take taxes under consideration but also provide the services that we need and then you know we have to like once the CLA adjusts like that will knock the tax rate down a whole bunch and it's not anything that we've done it's just because it's numbers and you know it's not actually changing the amount you wind up paying because your home is valued more and we just need to make sure that people understand that so that they don't just look at that you know tax rate and see a number and a change and take that that's why we really go into like how it's calculated and you know one of the things we can do this year is say we we tried to keep the tech or we purposely kept the tax rate down this year we're anticipating this will be do a higher jump in taxes last year but this means that you paid less taxes overall between the two and even though there's probably going to be a good jump next year in two years because if that jump lasts which will be paying more this year Peggy said last time was I'd rather keep the pocket the money in my pocket this year and pay that and we just need to explain that that we're letting you keep the money in your pocket we're not going to take it this year but we're a little concerned about next year like I said you know when it gets down to nuts and bolts of features and programming stuff I've been just so over level budget and you know I know some people you know frown at me but I've been in budgets for a long period of time I have you know my daily life is working with $100 million a year budget so this is easy to but I'm just the whole point you know some of the things that we just discussed is exactly the concern that I have but not I'm not saying let's change this with this program I'm saying is had the money not come through we would have been in a really tough situation let's say the money doesn't come through next year plus the state has to change things like equalize people's and things like that because you know funding is tight which is likely to happen then we're even a even larger jump and I think it goes back to yes I'd like to keep all the money in my pocket that I can but I can't I can't budget my life here one year here next and down the next one right and it's difficult to budget your schools that way too right because one year you're you live in high in the next year you're trying to figure out where you buy and look and we've seen that in Bethel in Royalton over at least in Bethel in my time we've seen that many many times before you got here you know right well I mean I think the best that we can do is do the budgets that we think is appropriate and I have a hard time saying you know we should have less resources no so you know we do the best we can and then we educate and we've also we have planned you know by putting aside some of the surplus money and doing us or the way that we did it we've been planning for that sort of eventuality so we'll be able to have some money set aside or I think we've done what we can I mean I would think you know overall the tax you know this is approved here I think people would be very happy but if there's nothing else motion motion made to approve the 2023 2024 budget in the amount of 12,968,515 dollars thank you Tara second all second Tara can you type that into the chat I'm not in the room oh okay never mind I can have use race computer sorry seconded is there discussion okay all in favor say aye aye why are we able to show the annual morning here so the legal voters of the White River Unified District consisting of the towns of Bethel and Royalton are hereby notified and warned to meet at the Royalton campus of the White River Unified District in Royalton Vermont on March 6th 2023 at 6 p.m. to consider and act upon the following articles one through 12 and to discuss the article to be voted upon by Australian ballot article 13 only article one is to elect a moderator who shall assume office immediately and serve a one-year term or until the election and qualification of a successor article two to elect a school district clerk who shall assume office July 1st 2023 and serve a one-year term or until the election and qualification of a successor and p.m. Brown has agreed to do it another year for you to elect a school district treasurer who shall assume office July 1st 2023 and serve a one-year term or until the election and qualification of a successors and p.m. Brown has agreed to continue to be your treasurer article four to hear and act upon the reports of the school district officers so this is where the presentation will happen and we'll do the slides like we've done the last couple of years article five is to fix the salaries in the amount of $600 per member for the school district officers for the 2023 2024 school year article six to fix the salary in the amount of $1200 for the school district treasurer for the 2023 2024 school year article seven shall the voters authorize the school board to borrow money by issuance of notes not in excess of anticipated revenue for the fiscal year July 1 2023 through July 30th 2024 so that's your tax anticipation note that we get in order to pay the payroll and bills until the tax revenue comes in September December and April article eight this is your budget article shall the voters of the school district approve the school board to expend $12,968,515 which the amount the school board has determined to be necessary for the ensuing fiscal year it is estimated that this proposed budget if approved will result in education spending of $20,580 and 66 cents for equalized pupil this projected spending for equalized pupil is 6.13 percent higher than spending for the current year article nine shall the voters authorize the school board to establish a white river unified district capital improvements in maintenance of facilities fund article 10 shall the voters authorize the school board to transfer part of the audited fund balance existing on June 30th 2022 estimated to total $795,605 and an amount not to exceed $700,000 to the white river unified district capital improvements and maintenance of facilities fund an article 11 to transact any other business which may legally come before this meeting article 12 to adjourn the meeting until 8 a.m. March 7th 2023 when voting by Australian ballot shall commence and then for the purpose of voting by Australian ballot voters of the town of Bethel will row at the Bethel elementary school at 273 Pleasant Street Bethel Vermont the polls will open on Tuesday March 7th 2023 at 8 a.m. and close at 7 p.m. voters of the town of Royalton will vote at the Royalton campus of white river valley school at 223 South Windsor Street South Royalton Vermont the polls will open on Tuesday March 7th 2023 at 8 a.m. and close at 7 p.m. the legal voters of the white river unified district are further notified that voter qualification and registration relative to cell meeting shall be as provided in section 706 U of title 16 and chapters 43 51 and 55 of title 17 Vermont statues anointed upon closing of the polls the ballot boxes will be sealed transported to and reopen at the superintendent's office in the town of Royalton where the ballots will be commingled and publicly counted by representatives of the board of civil authority of the towns of Bethel and Royalton under the supervision of clerk of the white river unified school district to be voted on by Australian ballot on Tuesday March 7th article 13 to elect directors to the white river unified school district as follows Royalton one director for a three-year term Royalton one director for the remaining two years of a three-year term Bethel one director for a three-year term and Bethel one director for the remaining one year of a three-year term don't forget the deadline is the 31st to get your candidate forms in to Pam board Carmen I do have a typo on there so I'm going to fix this title is felt wrong in that last so if you want to approve the warning as red yeah and I'll take out location thank you Ray okay so candidate wise this make sure you have your candidates up in like Monday the fifth because it's six Mondays prior to oh sorry thank you guys hope you miss it by a day yep sorry you're right which can happen so I had a few questions regards well one question regards the warning as it stands and I had a couple of questions in general for maybe why don't we make the motion so that we can do it as red okay and then we can do discussion on motion if that's all right unless you think that well it's not all on the motion but that's but it could potentially do this whole process of identifying some things that don't seem to line up with the article of origination so going through the candidacy piece of it so looking at the articles of origination but when we tied the schools together so some of the things that don't seem to jive is so for one the candidate has to get signatures from their given so one percent of the voting population about the world so no world in person inside the best of form no better person inside the world however that however you do vote on that person in both hands so you know we're all 10 votes for the best low and vice versa so it seems a little odd that you you can't put your you know I have worlds of people that can assign you for them like that you can't sound like a rose in the same one no it's not but the other thing too is then if you're a writing campaign like that out of last year or this year if you're writing campaign then you have to get one percent of each town so yeah so so the article of origination there's a lot of this well I think this is how it's set up in the beginning I think there's the nomination process which is separate from the voting process and the voting is only both both counts and the nomination process is you're nominated from the town well which kind of makes sense because you know you're representing you're representing that town for the whole district and voted on by the whole district I don't know that's not sure it would make more sense if duffel's representation was that was very clearly debated at length um when the this was a majority and it was felt that that's all folks um and we're all two folks wanted the opportunity to vote on all the members well I mean again that was X amount of years ago it's always good to open up the to look at other things the other thing just kind of looking through the whole thing too is you know um it you know earlier days you know we used to do the budget in May to be in school vote in May because by that time you had the accurate data from the state on exactly where your budget stands um where right now we you know we have numbers that could change between now and then where the other and I know some of the arguments in the past has been you know if we had it in May and it gets voted down then what happens in general but you can the school doesn't shut down you continue to operate on 80 percent of your current your current budget that you're in so I don't just you know yeah maybe it seems like you know we're just we're playing in the dark you know we're you know this is what we think but it hasn't been confirmed you know and it can go one way the other it can help us right or to hurt us those are some of the things that that I was thinking about I will say these you know it was very nice having our budget all set and put the bed when we were reading the articles about some of the other talents oh yeah go through things you know and then just in regards to this warning here so I have to set some questions so the in regards to the district clerk so I see that there's no salary for the clerk but there is trekkers that never happens and then as far as the the directors because this was kind of a bit of a ring around the rosie the other day trying to figure out what seat what seat so would it be helpful to put like you know term expires 2024 or 2026 because this year for instance there was some confusion with the two baffle seats and which ones those were who was in what seat or what seat was so I mean I know a lot of times there's towns will put the the expiration of that term on the morning so it's easier for the town clerk to figure out what she's seeing so there's no questions that I have do you want to adjust that and that during the expiration of that kind of is there a reason not to language wise would you be able to do that why do you fix your check up you want me to put this I think I might be able to do that I know I got a couple of emails from from Christy trying to figure out who was in yes we we your seat was our problem seat we could because like when you went from Bethel to Royalton and like trying to remember which one so Royalton one director for a three-year term I'm going to put in parentheses expires 2026 one director for the remaining two years of a three-year term so that is going to expires 2025 oh it goes to another line all right Bethel one director for a three-year term so that's going to expires 2026 and one director for the remaining one year of a three-year term expires 20 and while we're editing this is actually the register for the court camp that's right you we changed that yeah uh Andrew's starting this what's going to go into the person did you have any other uh excuse me yeah can you uh tell me what years the the uh directors expire in Bethel again so on the warning the one director for a three-year term expires 2026 and then the one director for the remaining one year of a three-year term will expire in 2024 okay and I expired because the term yeah and then the one I mean is expires in 2025 yep okay I just want to make sure right that was the confusion in Bethel was that Rodney had come in Rodney had come in to finish up Lisa McCroy right he'd been expired but then he but then he ran for a different c and so we were trying to figure out I was like well I'm going to go talk I spent an hour with Pam yesterday going over all of these making sure we're on the same page and then Jamie spoke with her about staying on board as the clerk for another year definitely appreciate yeah she's great at what she does definitely an asset to the team um article nine the capital improvement funds is this going to move funds from the previous ones nope so we would still have the two individual reserve funds for Bethel and Royalton we can add an article to this if you want to ask the voters if you can move that money I think that I thought we were good yeah I would okay um and if article nine is not approved what happens in article 10 we could amend the article from the floor to put it into the individual funds it could become very interested with that right but if the first one goes down then we've got some there could be a lot of motions being made for different funds we've had one for reasons of two years so definitely we do that's always what comes up when I was when you say like oh let's meet in May and that that meeting comes back to mind I'm like oh my god to have to go back and like renew the budget in a hurry is never we do vote two other issues I know the other thing is it's probably nicer for Pam not to have all the budgets at the same time we have two in there right we have four in March so just just so we don't get caught off guard at the meeting once let's play that one so let's say article nine goes down as a board one of our thoughts in regards to article 10 if someone makes a motion and we want to speak on it do we have uh at that point do we have some sort of board recommendation or what we want to do or that last year we split it equally into the two current reserves and can board new members make motions to amend the articles or just though I'd like to make a motion I think typical practice is that the board doesn't the um like last year we we talked what we were like that's 700,000 we split it equally into two zones last year that's a performer's approach we had 350 to royals and 350 to well I'm just thinking if it goes down and then all of a sudden somebody gets up to make a motion on what they want to do with that money you know do we have some sort of recommendation you're only options that might steer the ship a little better than your only options with surplus funds is you need to put it in your budget as offsetting revenue through taxpayers or you have to have the taxpayer vote to prevent reserve funds and you only can use reserve funds that you have established unless someone from the floor is going to create a reserve fund yeah so article eight's already been approved for that budget level we still would just it would still go into revenue it would be in the future revenue okay it will it'll stay in your general fund and it will become your unassigned surplus in the fiscal year 23 audit that can then be used with 25 offsetting revenue if any effect it does it just stays in your general fund and carries over from year to year well is there a limit on that don't you have to reconcile within three years of yes yep okay all right so I have now added article 10 adjusting the remaining articles so article 10 now reads shall the voters authorize the school board to transfer the funds from the Royalton Building Reserve Fund and Bethel Building Reserve Fund and to the White River Unified District Capital Improvements and Maintenance of Facility Funds so article 11 is now the transfer of the surplus article 12 is now to transact in the other business article 13 becomes to adjourn to Australian ballot in the Australian ballot article now becomes article 14 and I've changed the language in the first paragraph um parentheses following articles is now one through 13 Australian ballot parentheses article 14 all right does anybody have any other things on the annual meeting warning they want to discuss and entertain a motion to approve the meeting warning as read and amended so moved second okay any discussion all right all in favor of approving the meeting annual meeting warning as read and amended say aye. Aye. Aye. Opposed? okay great so Peggy and Rodney if you can come up to Central Office and sign the warning ideally by Monday if you can so that we can get it to Pam and have her sign it and get it into the informational mailer thank you all thank you hey yeah well I'll ask uh budget approved for March thank you all right we don't have any other so I make a entertain a motion to adjourn all right thanks everybody we'll grab that off the printer so you guys can sign it


Delta Roon Chapter 2 is finally here! Fans have been waiting for the second episodic installment of Toby Fox's follow-up to the hit classic Undertale for some time. Chapter 1 of Delta Roon dropped all the way back on Halloween 2018. The second chapter of this game was incredibly difficult to make. At one point Fox claimed that Chapter 2 would be complete before the end of 2020, so what went wrong? According to Toby Fox, indecision, experimentation, and injury all made it a challenge for him and his team, including artist Temmie Chang, to complete their work. Delta Roon is envisioned as a much larger, more complicated game than Undertale. When the first chapter was released, Fox didn't yet have a full plan for how the entire story would tie together, so he started writing it. Not just the story for Chapter 2, but for the entire game. He created an outline for every chapter, along with initial dialogue for all characters. This was a big job and took him several years to complete. This wasn't the only thing that he was doing during this time, though. He was also experimenting and exploring with different game engines and creating prototypes for Chapter 2. While Undertale and Chapter 1 of Delta Roon were built in Game Maker Studio, Fox wanted to expand the scope of his game, so he spent several months trying different options before eventually returning to Game Maker Studio. Fox was, as always, wearing many development hats while working on the game. He said, Unlike Undertale, this is the type of game that would normally have many designers working on each aspect of the game. A story writer, a composer, an audio director, a map designer, a battle designer, a minigame designer, and an overall director. Instead, all of those roles ended up handled by me. He had help, a trio of three additional team members working on a game on a daily basis, and several others contributing as needed. Much of the art, as with Undertale and Delta Roon Chapter 1, was provided by artist Temi Chang. Even so, Fox had a lot to do, and this took time. It took even more time once he was forced to stop working, said Fox. Although I have long suffered with wrist and hand pain, about five months ago my wrist was the worst it's ever been. I could not play the piano, use the mouse, and could barely use the keyboard. I navigated everything through voice to text. It took a lot of time for his body to heal, and even when the pain began to subside, Fox needed to be careful not to overexert himself. He had to take frequent breaks to prevent causing further harm. According to Fox, his recovery would have been speedier if he'd been able to undergo physical therapy, or look into surgery for his wrist. But this wasn't possible because it was 2020, and well, it was 2020. The process of actually completing the second chapter of Delta Roon was then a slow process, but some things are worth waiting for. The moral of the story, even if it takes years and years, you can accomplish your goals, so long as you are filled with determination and take the breaks you need.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor Education. Today I would like to solve one problem related to using capacitors with direct current. This lecture is part of the course. The course is called Physics for Teens and it's presented on Unizor.com. I suggest you to watch this lecture and all other lectures from the website because it contains basically the course, which means everything is logically arranged in chapters, lectures, whatever. There are problems solved, there are exams if you want. Everything is completely voluntarily. There are no ads. And one more thing, there is a prerequisite course for this called physics for physics for teens. It's called mass for teens on the same website. The familiarity with mathematics is very important for physics and this particular lecture, which is about one particular problem, is just an illustration how important mathematics is for studying physics. In this particular case we will have to solve a very simple differential equation. So calculus is a must, vector algebra is a must.  Even on the level which I am presenting, which is basically like teenagers, high school, maybe first year in college, not higher than that. Okay, so what we're talking today about is, well, it's presented in the form of a problem. So what happens if here is what kind of a setup I have here. First of all we have a battery, direct current battery. Now to this battery we can connect a capacitor. By the way capacitors were introduced already in this course in the previous lectures and I assume that you know something about capacitors from this course or from any other source because I would just use certain properties of capacitors. Now there is a switch here and it can connect this capacitor to the source of energy to a battery. Now then there is another thing here, just a resistor. Now we have the voltage of the battery, we have capacity of the capacitors and we have and we have R here, resistance of the resistor. Now my experiment is the following. First I have this switch in this position. Now what is basically happening in this particular case? Well there is a source of energy so it will basically charge. Now plus and minus, the plus will be here, the minus will be here, so this thing will be again plus and minus, that will be excess of electrons, this will be deficiency of electrons and the capacitor will be charged to a certain degree, right? Okay so what happens then? I will switch this to this position, basically disconnecting the battery. What happens then? Well we have excess of electrons here, deficiency here, so it will go through a resistor and it will and these electrons will compensate the deficiency of electrons here, right? So basically we will have some kind of a current. Now since electrons are moving in one direction only, eventually we will have no difference between the number of electrons on the plates of the capacitor and the torque, the electric current will basically stop. So from certain level in the beginning, electric current will diminish basically to zero and the charge on this capacitor also from some initial value, which depends obviously on the battery and its capacity will also diminish to zero, there will be no voltage at the very end. So I'm interested in this process of discharging electricity from the capacitor through a resistor and how exactly the voltage, actually let's talk about the amount of electricity which is accumulated in the capacitor will change with the time. Obviously it's changing down to zero, same thing with electric current in the resistor. Initially it will be some rather large value but then gradually it will diminish to zero. So I need to express these two functions, the amount of electricity accumulated in the capacitor and the current in the circuit as the functions of time. So what happens? I mean I know it will be diminishing, question is how? I need a mathematical expression of how exactly this is happening. Okay, so this is the problem, how can we address it? The first thing which we do is we have to charge our capacitor, right? So initially we have this switch in this position, now this part of the circuit is not working at all because it's broken and now the capacitor will accumulate a certain amount of electricity. Okay, what is this amount of electricity? When we were talking about capacitors we have introduced this concept of capacity which basically means the following. If you have certain voltage here, you have certain amount of electricity in cool-ons, the basically number of electrons if you wish, accumulated in the capacitor. It depends obviously on the voltage. If I will increase the voltage, the amount of electricity which will be accumulated here will be obviously greater. Now the mechanics of this is simple. Now this is plus, this is minus, right? Plus, minus. So electrons will go here and deficiency of electrons will go here. Now it will go here until it will accumulate sufficiently enough to basically resist any additional electrons which are coming into this plate. So basically it will be some kind of an equilibrium between the number of electrons on the terminal of the battery and on the plate of the capacitor. It will be basically the same. Same sink will be here as far as deficiency of electrons is concerned. So electrons will flow here until there will be so many that they will resist any additional sink. At the same time the deficiency of electrons and extra electrons between these plates, they are attracting to each other, right? So that's another force. So there is a force which resists additional electrons to come here, but there is a force which actually attracts electrons to this plate. And obviously the closer the plates are, the greater that force is which compensates the force against coming electrons from the battery. So as a result, depending on certain physical properties, like how big these plates are and how close they are to each other, and actually what else is what's exactly in between these plates, all these physical characteristics, they play a very important role to amount, to total amount of electricity which capacitor can hold. So there is a characteristic called capacity. And what happens is that given a particular capacitor with a particular characteristic of capacity, it's basically a ratio between the amount of electricity accumulated on the capacitor and the voltage of the battery which is attached to it. So it's a constant. If we double the voltage, the amount of electricity accumulated between these plates will also double. Obviously it cannot go to infinity because at some moment the forces between these two plates will be so big that there will be an electric discharge between them. So we're not talking about this borderline kind of behavior. But in general, you increase the voltage by certain factor and the amount of electricity accumulated here will also increase by the same factor. So the ratio will be the same. It's constant. And this is a characteristic of capacity, a capacitor. It's called capacity. So it's given. Now this voltage is also given. Well, if that's true, then we can actually find out how much electricity is accumulated in the very beginning of our process before we switch, before we flip the switch, right? So obviously it will be Q which is V times C. V is a constant, C is a constant. Q. Well, again, that would be in the very beginning of the process discharging. So now I switch it and I start the timing. Okay, this is as soon as I switch, this is time is equal to zero. From this time on, I would like to know what happens. Now, at this moment, so that's why I will put zero here. So at the moment zero, at the moment T equals to zero, Q amount of electricity on this capacitor is equal to V times C. Both V and C are given. What happens then? Well, as soon as it happens, now my battery is completely out of the picture and the plus and minus start working basically. There is a voltage between plus and minus, right? So the capacitor will start discharging. The electrons will flow from wherever they were into the opposite plate, basically causing the electric current. Okay, that's good. We definitely have some kind of, since we have a certain amount of electrons in one plate and certain deficiency of electrons in another plate of the capacitor, we definitely have certain voltage between them, right? It's a difference between potential difference in number of electrons. So there is certain amount of, there is certain voltage here and it's obviously a function of time because as soon as we start the process of discharging, the amount of electricity amount, number of electrons, so to speak, is diminishing. So the voltage between these plates will be diminishing. But we would like to introduce this concept of voltage because it will help us to find out what exactly is the current in this particular resistor, right? So what is the current? Well, we know there is Ohm's law. So the current, which is also variable, multiplied by resistance, which is constant, will give us the voltage between these two plates, right? Now this V and this V of T have nothing to do with each other. This V is given, this is the voltage of the battery. It's out of the pictures right now, completely. So this is the voltage between these two plates. Maybe I should use another letter, but it doesn't really matter.  So this is the Ohm's law. Now, what else is important? Well, we know that the voltage between these plates is related to amount of electricity accumulated and the capacity of the capacitor. This is exactly the same as before, but before we had the constant voltage connected to this. So we had certain constant amount of Q accumulated, but as soon as we switch, now the voltage between these two obviously is related by the same equation. But now both of these are variable, okay? So we don't really need this voltage. So I will substitute this into this. And what do I have? Well, this can be expressed as C times V of T is equal to Q of T. So if I will substitute V, it will be I of T times R times C equals Q of T. Now, this is an equation, a functional equation, where two unknown functions, which are supposed to be actually found, that's the purpose of this problem, have to find I of T and Q of T. The current, as it changes with the time and the amount of electricity accumulated in the capacitor as it discharges. So this is my equation, but now we have two functions and one equation. We need another one. Well, another one is very simple. You just have to remember the definition of the electric current. Now, what is the definition of electric current? It's a rate of electricity by time, right? Which, mathematically speaking, is just first derivative. So if you have the amount of electric charge Q of T here, and you have the current here, so the current is actually the derivative of the amount of electricity. So as this is changing, this is also changing, but this is actually a derivative by time, well, rate of change basically in a simple language, but in mathematical language, it's a first derivative of Q by time. So I of T is a derivative of Q by time. It's basically definition of the current. The only little thing I would like to add here, I would like I of T to be a positive value, certain amount of amperage, right? Regardless of the direction, because it all depends on where is plus, where is minus, I don't want to worry about this. I know right now that Q of T is changing how. It's diminishing, right? If it's diminishing, so its first derivative is negative. So I have to put the minus sign here that would solve all my problems. So now, I of T will be positive, because this is diminishing function, derivative is negative, plus this is another minus, it will be positive. And this is my second equation, which connects my two functions, I of T and Q of T. So I have two equations with two unknowns, unknown functions. One of them happened to be differential equation. Well, so be it. I mean, we're still, as I was saying, mathematics is a must to know before you go into physics. Now, it's a very simple actually differential equation, and I will solve it right now. But again, for those of you who have any kind of a problem with mathematics, with calculus, you can go to Mass 14's prerequisite course on the same website, or any other source of information. But I assume that we know what differential equation is, because again, mass for T is a prerequisite course, and I assume you have to know it. So how can we solve this? Well, it's actually kind of simple thing. So what I will do, I will resolve this I T for I T, I of T, and substitute to this. So I will have only one differential equation for one function Q of T, right? So I of T is equal to Q of T divided by RC. So I will put it here. And my equation would be Q of T divided by RC, right? Is equal to minus DQ of T by DT. So this is my very important differential equation, which I have to solve. And I will. It's very easy. And I don't think I need this anymore. So how can I solve this? It's very easy. This is very easy to transform into DT divided by RC minus is equal to DQ of T by Q of T, right? I change that. That's simple. Now, this, what is this? Well, this is differential of logarithm of Q of T. So if you remember the first derivative of logarithm is one over the function, and then times the derivative of the inner function, which is this. So that's what it is. And on the left is differential of what? T divided by RC with a minus sign. Okay? So now, well, yeah, I will do even better. I will put this minus inside. Okay. So we have equality of two differentials of two different functions. One function is logarithm of Q of T. Another is minus T over RC. If differentials are equal, then the functions themselves differ only by a constant, right? So you can say that logarithm Q of T is equal to minus T divided by RC plus some kind of a constant, which I don't know. Well, from here, I can do even further simplification. I will use exponent for both sides. If I will do e to the power of logarithm, that's the definition of logarithm, obviously. So e to the power of logarithm Q of T is equal to Q of T, right? That's the definition of logarithm, which is another thing you have to know from the math. So if I will use e to the power on the left, I will have Q of T. If I will have it on the right, I will have this. Now, exponent of some of these is a product of exponents. So it will be exponent of constant, which is some kind of a constant, okay? I don't know. And exponent of this, I have already received my function Q of T. So this is amount of electricity as it's changing during the discharge of my capacitor. So the only thing I know is K, but I know this. This is my initial condition. It's always for differential equation. You need initial conditions. Otherwise, you cannot obviously resolve these constants. So if I will substitute T is equal to zero, what happens here? e to the power of zero is one. So on the left, I will have Q of zero, which is V times C. And on the right, I will have K. So K is equal to Vc. So I can put it here. And this is the answer to the question, what is my amount of electricity accumulated by a capacitor? Now I have to find out the electric current. I will do it from here. Q of T divided by RC. If I divided by RC, it will be divided by R times, and that actually completes the problem. By the way, let me check if this is actually true. Let me have a first derivative of this. Will I get this? Okay, derivative of this function. So I need minus derivative of Q of T divided by DT is equal to minus. Now V times C is just a constant coefficient factor. Derivative of e to the power is e to the power times derivative of the inner function. Inner function is basically T times constant. So it will be just a constant minus one over RC. And what happens here? C and C minus and minus. I will have V divided by R and exactly what is here. So that's kind of a checking. Well, that's it. I think it's a little bit more than people at school usually go through as far as the problem solving. But I think it's a very useful problem. And primarily I think its usage is towards mathematics. As a mathematician, I appreciate actually the usage of math in all aspects of physics. I mean, I respect experimental physics and it gives certain food to the theoretical physicists. But then there is an opposite kind of influence. And you can obviously arrange this type of experiment and really see how gradually changing, exponentially changing the current, you can measure the current using ammeter. And you will see how it will change from something which is initial where T is equal to zero. So which is V divided by R as if there is no capacitor at all. That's what in the very beginning you switch the flip. You flip the switch and the capacitor has basically the same voltage as the battery used to have. So that's why in the very beginning you would have V divided by R which is the Ohm's law. But then this V is changing. It's not the initial value V which is the same as in battery. But it goes down. And you have exponentially, the graph of this function is obviously this. So the current is exponentially going less and less and less because you have less and less charge accumulated in the capacitor. Well, that's it. I suggest you to read the notes for this lecture because this website contains not only video lectures but also notes for each lecture which is very important to read. It's basically the same thing which I was presenting here but it's like a textbook. And well, that's it. Thank you very much and good luck.


This is why we love the NFL. We love the NFL all season. Shout out to Mike Williams, Charges Wide Receiver, by the way, they said he signed a three-year $60 million deal. So 20 mil per. So one of the better wide receivers who was looking like he was gonna hit the market, he won't be. But anyway, it was said that the Broncos were very interested in possibly acquiring one Aaron Rodgers. But as we all know, it came out today that Rodgers signed a four-year $200 million deal. We'll see what the details are on that in the future. But bottom line, he ain't going anywhere. So coincidentally, hours after that, it's announced that the Broncos are trading with the Seahawks to acquire one Russell Wilson. And I guess they figured, you know what? If we couldn't beat them, then we gotta have them join us. Cause you all remember that Super Bowl back in, I think, well, 2013, whatever it was.  You look at a Sutton. And I know there's a third one. I can never remember his name. But then you look at guys like Javante Williams. I remember me being a Ravens fan. I remember him literally carrying the Ravens defense for like 20 yards on a play. But then you look at their defense, the Broncos defense like, and then the possibility of Varmilla. Varmilla been playing with Broncos fans, man. He been playing with Broncos fans, teasing them. We'll see if anything happens. But you look at that team and they were literally a quarterback away. Literally. Ooh, man, shout out to Drew Lock and Teddy Bridgewater. Poor guys. But they were literally a quarterback. That was the only thing that they were missing. That's why when you heard about Aaron Rodgers possibly going to the Broncos, it just seemed like it just made so much sense. And then on top of that, there were the rumors that they were possibly looking at Devante Adams as well. But you gotta figure if they would have got Devante Adams then they would have came up off for one of their wide receivers. But they ain't even gotta worry about that anymore because now they got Russell Wilson. Russell Wilson, it had been rumored that he could be traded from Seattle even though he had been saying a lot of the right things and whatnot.  But Russell Wilson, hey, I wanna stay in Seattle. I wanna be in Seattle. I wanna be here for the foreseeable future. But you know, all to me while in the background, he like, get me up out of here. These guys, they can't draft worth nothing. I've been really trying to do something. They ain't been letting me cook. Let me go somewhere to where I'll be more appreciated. And that's a big trade. That is a big trade because as we all know, Russell Wilson, he's been with the Seahawks for a minute. And I always love Russell Wilson's story because he got drafted by the Seahawks the year that they signed Matt Flynn from the Packers who he had this one five touchdown game for the Packers. And that set him up in free agency nice. They had signed Matt Flynn to this big contract. And then they drafted Russell Wilson, but I just loved how Seattle didn't let the money take over for a smart decision. And what I mean when I say that is they could have been like, all right, we paid this guy Matt Flynn all this money. He's gonna be our starter. No, they clearly saw that Russell Wilson was the better quarterback and that he would have given, he gave them a better opportunity to win. So they went with young Russell Wilson over Matt Flynn who they just signed to that big money deal. And then obviously worked out for them in the long run. Got a Super Bowl win, two Super Bowl appearances and just a lot of good football. But lately it seemed like the relationship was sort of getting a little sour and it had run its course. And now he's in Denver. So Russell Wilson, he doesn't even have to go there and be this MVP Russell Wilson. He ain't even got to do that. But all he has to do is just be a good enough quarterback. To where he's not throwing a bunch of interceptions. To where he's taking care of the ball.  Cause the team that's built around him is nice, man. It's nice. So he can go there. He ain't even got to cook that much. I mean, he can just put something in the microwave a little bit. He ain't even got to cook much though. But this is such a good situation for him. Not the only thing we got to see is if Sierra approves. We out.


Hi there today on Typical Books we're gonna talk about Diablo. So this one will be the last book we talk about today.  Not this little nerd the book. The book that comes with the game. Now way back in the day I had played Diablo and Diablo 2 on PC and I'm not on my own PC because I didn't own one like that or that played games and I was no stranger to things like Doom and Ultima but I worked an engineering firm where they had a copy of Diablo that on lunch or very quiet last hour of the days my boss would play on the local area network. So before you scream LAN party like it's some sort of joke I tried to not partake at first because I just didn't sit well with me to play with my co-workers but hey the powers it be were in on it and if it was a quiet lunch time they would often PVP in the office. Now I thought that was super fun and eventually I did partake and I really enjoyed that a lot like that online sort of gaming PVP stuff and it's not something that I typically do anymore but flash forward many years and here I am on my lunches playing Diablo 3. I've played a lot of Diablo 3 since it came out. I didn't have a lot of money a couple years ago and I had bought a used Xbox and then finally upgraded to a 360 and finally got a Xbox one and all that time it was really to play Diablo. So this little book because I'm not a collector because I had limited funds this little book was my Diablo not strategy guide. I would go online to like game FAQs and different walkthroughs, icy veins stuff like that or watch streamers like bloodshed and riker and wolfcrier hello. I would definitely rely on that as my Diablo knowledge and there's some really cool spreadsheets available for supergeeks too right so I would use that but I do prefer a hefty tome this left a lot to be desired. Now I will say that this little tiny book does have some really fantastic art in it specifically my favorite The Demon Hunter. You cannot get past these little tiny teasers of the art that you will find in the larger books. Now this beautiful thing my husband is a collector himself and he has a real eye for value and a real eye for these sorts of things so when it came about that he could get a copy of the strategy guide for me lo and behold here we are. So this is a beautiful beautiful book it has all of the things that you would want to know about Demon Hunters any other class it goes act by act with all of the sights to see and it is a very wonderful resource as far as what does what in this vast game. I played The Witcher because it and people would say that it's just so complex and it's so very big and there's a lot of really big worlds out there but being at home in somewhere like Diablo that is quite vast when it all becomes second nature it's amazing that all of this information is actually in my brain. It's kind of weird the denizens of hell you do get a teaser of some of the little art in here and there is some suggestions of the larger art here and there and it's just wonderfully put together but it is a lot of tables charts graphs small icons but I will say that it is lovingly crafted it has a matte black finish this beautiful marking on the front where you see the fires of hell shining through these claw marks is just beautifully wrought the back with that shiny black on matte is a wonderful sigil it's just beautiful it's a very heavy tome and it's made of some very high quality high calendars semi gloss high clay content paper that adds to this weight and I'm sure that if you fold any of these pages that crease would probably stay there forever and might cut yourself on it because it is just wonderfully beautifully chosen paper these blood red inlays just an absolutely beautiful tome now next on the list is what I had shown in a previous video as far as a haul it is the collectors edition now this was something that was out of my price range and I didn't need it I had the game right so didn't need it and I didn't play on pc this is the of course pc mac version which I could install if it wasn't just for the books that's what it was bought for and this awesome box that had shown this off earlier just beautiful beautiful stuff I will suggest going to other unboxing videos because that's not necessarily what we're going to do here because it is old it's been around for years guys like you can go and check this out but I will say it is just beautifully put together now I've been slipping it off with the other way but this way you get to see all of the little goodies stacked inside of it and I really do enjoy the two ways that you can approach this box I am going to set it down and show off just this little tiny inner box which I think I want to keep out separately for I don't know what I do have the beautiful Diablo and that's really what the prize is in this box this small Diablo headpiece and the Soul Stone which contains some DLC and Diablo 2 so if I want to play D2 I believe I could get at it in here there's a lot of really big D2 revivalists and I'm not one of those but this is super cool way to get at your D2 and the goal in this box set for me is this original art of Diablo book and this is the D3 only book it only has the original classes but it is so beautiful and it's such a good story tome I really enjoy the lore of Diablo and this is again a very beautifully put together book it's a little lighter than the strategy guide the paper itself is a little lower clay content a little higher rag or cotton or something if you're into paper you'll know what that means it's a little softer it's a little lighter it might be more susceptible to humidity I believe now the art is just oh my gosh a beautiful concept art in this beautiful finished renderings and paintings it's just such a beautiful book and it's typeset so beautifully I just absolutely love every single page in this book and it was a beautiful find and really a good compliment to the other books that are now adorning my shelves it has this old-fashioned looking inlay sort of like a hammered tin roof it has another sigil on the back and they're continuing with this trend this shiny on black matte and the frontist piece is just absolutely beautiful okay so now the big guns the most recent book that was put out and this is the book that infamously spoiled d4 a german company was releasing the book and they had some spoiler material on an online site that was showcasing the book might have been the publisher and everyone went ballistic because they said straight up the art of diablo diablo two diablo three and diablo four and it was not a typo it was not a translation error which many people had thought once people ordered the book because that's what you do when somebody teases something like that it was confirmed that oh yes this absolutely is the first official leak of d4 like really official but again it is a beautiful not quite as heavy it doesn't have that same weight to it as the strategy guide for d3 does but it does contain some straight up beautiful artwork and i think it surpasses the other books in its a quality of art and its attention to just the detail of the character pieces and some of the larger representations of the concept art we get a lot more background in some of our favorite places we've got these beautiful shots of west march pandemonium one of my least favorite places to visit but one of my most favorite places to look at and just a lot of beautiful detail that goes into some things that we haven't seen in the game and won't see in the game we've forgotten this hammered tin or blood red inset on the in the inlays but we've got a picture of perhaps a demon ravaging town folk we have a nice little shot of mouth ill in the background one of my favorite characters from act five and one of the save scenes that oh you're heading into act one and d3 this is the loading screen artwork diablo 4's artistic vision was built using several key pillars return to darkness embrace the legacy and what the art team calls the old masters pillar which was shorthand for striving to make each part of the new game look as if it was painted by a venerated artist such as rembrandt or alia reppen and in the teasing that we've seen so far i mean i think they've hit that mark it looks very beautiful very dark and washed out in a way that you can only get from like an old cpl look and just gonna be absolutely gorgeous to run around in some of the concept art near the end of it is reminiscent of almost silent hill and all in all it does harken to what we've seen in the teasers so far as far as that attention to detail that dark beauty and of course the sort of savage hellscape that can only find as something like diablo so there you have it a whole slew of diablo books diablo three books specifically and the art of diablo which is basically an catch all but hey we got a little teaser of d4 in there and that is my diablo books i do play on twitch at lunchtime most days for a half hour so it's super quick but i'm going to post up a video of a 20 some 28 minute playthrough where i'm just sort of running around in a rift that's what i do it's nothing really serious but it's mostly chit chat and catch up and i talk books and podcasts and horror and news and whatever so i'm going to post one of those up to go along with this uh it's sort of a departure i know but it's books here on typical books typical books and lilia plays diablo are the two videos i'll put up today and then we'll get back to some horror books so i hope you enjoyed this thank you so much for watching thank you for being a diablo fan and have an oaky spooky day


Welcome, Weirdos! I'm Darren Marlar and this is Retro Radio, old time radio in the dark. Here I bring you shows from the Golden Age of Radio but still in the genre of my Weird Darkness podcast. I'll have stories of the macabre and horror, mysteries and crime and even some dark science fiction, like what we'll be hearing tonight. If you're new here, welcome to the show and be sure to subscribe or follow the podcast so you don't miss future episodes. Not only will you hear single episodes, such as what you're about to hear, but several days a week I also post 10-hour-long marathons of your favorite creepy old-time radio shows like The Shadow, CBS Radio Mystery Theater, Inner Sanctum and others. Perfect for binging all day or all night. And if you're already a member of this Weirdo family, please take a moment and invite someone else to listen in with you. Spreading the word about the show helps it to grow. If you're here because you're already a fan of nostalgic audio and print, you'll want to email WeirdDarkness at RadioArchives.com. When you do that, you'll get an instant reply with links to download full-length pulp audio books, pulp e-books and old-time radio shows for free. That's WeirdDarkness at RadioArchives.com. Coming up, it's an episode from DimensionX. When the echoing DimensionXXXXX, when you heard that, you knew you were about to be transported from your mundane, everyday existence somewhere completely different, possibly another planet. DimensionX featured stories from some of the most well-known science-fiction writers at the beginning of their career, such as Robert Heinlein, Ray Bradbury, Kurt Vonnegut and Isaac Asimov. The original stories were adapted by script writers Ernest Kenoy and George Lefferts as well as contributing their own original scripts. Before DimensionX, only one other adult-oriented science-fiction show appeared on the radio, 2000+. Another show we have featured here on Retro Radio, but with the well-known writers involved, the show had almost instant credibility with science fiction fans. Radio was an excellent medium for science fiction in the 1950s. It was easy to visit other planets, interact with aliens or fly in a spaceship in your imagination. It wasn't so easy to bring to life on TV in the 1950s. The show first aired April 8, 1950 and completed its run on September 29, 1951, including a five-month hiatus in the middle. There were 50 episodes during the show's run. Tonight, it's the first episode of the show that was ever aired. Plus, it's a story that was so popular it was used more than once, many times actually. After this original airing from April 8, 1950, the recording was broadcast again on DimensionX on September 8 of that same year, as well as on X-1 on November 16, 1955, also suspense on February 15, 1954 and on March 17, 1957. The story script was also used on Escape on February 7, 1950, on Beyond Tomorrow on April 13, 1950 and Beyond This World on February 23, 1950. A similar script was used on Your Movie Town Radio Theater on December 17, 1947. So, yeah, apparently people really liked the story and its concept.  Predict what will come in 100 years or in 10 or in the next minute. Some people think they can. Nuclear scientists, mathematicians, astronomers, biologists, they'll predict the shape of the future. Why? Because they make the future. Because they see beyond the known dimensions of time and space into the unknown DimensionX. We go ahead now in time to 1965. We're on a vast concrete runway, set in the desert of the southwest. A giant metal ship stands before us, tall pointed for the stars and in five minutes the signal will flash and it will tear up through the atmosphere to the Outer Limit. Five minutes, Steve. I want to go over the procedure again, Steve. Oh, hurry, I got it straight. Just make sure. Okay, I take her up on jets for 50,000 and I cut in the rocket.  I climb four minutes on rockets and start my little bit test. Remember that. No more than four minutes, right? This ship isn't like those spreader rockets you've been testing. She's the first one built for outer space. If she works, she can go clear to the moon. But on that, I'd have got the truth right now on this trip. I'll get this, Steve. You've got power there to clear the Earth's gravitational field. But remember, after you cut in the rockets, you've only got 10 minutes fuel. If you go beyond the outer limit and don't save fuel for the return, I know I won't get down again. That's right, Steve. You will drift off into space. Get that now. 10 minutes fuel, gotcha. As far as I'm concerned, this project is a lot more important than that cosmic ray bomb they're testing out in the Pacific tonight. Well, security commission brass doesn't think so. I don't see any undersecretaries under anything. Don't worry. The long run, our ship will make the CR bomb backpage stuff. But in the meantime, it's just as dangerous. Remember, half the principles in this ship are pure theory, Steve. Slide rule and stuff. If anything goes wrong, we may have to scrape you off the landscape with a soup scoop. You have a charming sense of humor. Here's what I'm getting at. We're risking your neck in this test. If anything blows, we don't want to have the next man pull the same boat. I know, hey. So keep your mic open and keep talking. If anything goes wrong, we want to know exactly what, and we won't be able to ask you.  You got that? Yeah. Even if you only have to blow your nose. All right, get those two on the way. Okay, bro.  Look, if Mary calls, I'm just up in a milk run. I didn't tell her today was it. How is she? She's okay, but she's due about now, and I don't want her to be nervous. Hey, I didn't know the baby was that close. Yeah. Steve, I really ought to be sending a singly man on this job. I didn't cut me out of it, so play check. Forget it, Ag. You know, you can't get anybody else who can take 15Gs acceleration when those rockets get in. Yeah, I know. It's time, Steve. Yeah. Well, see you later. Don't worry, Hank. I'll switch for both of us. Button her up, Shelley. Come on, Hank. So long. We'll give you the life from control. Hey there, Steve. Got you on the speaker. I'm ready to go. Mr. Hansen. Ready on the radar, Sergeant? Yeah. Mr. Hansen, you better see this. What is it? Message sent for Steve. Mrs. Weston just left for the hospital. What? Hello, Steve. Yeah. Stand by a minute. Shall we hold the takeoff, Mr. Hansen? What? Oh, yes. Wait just a minute. It's too late now. You going to tell him? Maybe he's going to have to worry about it. Hey, what's falling yourself, Hank? Is something in your mind? No, no. It's nothing, Steve. I just wanted to say good luck. Clear for takeoff, Shelley? Right. Okay. Give him the light. All right, Steve. I'm reading you clear. 2400, still climbing. Altitude, 297 miles. All right. Okay. Starting at three degree left bang. It's a little sluggish. That's all right now. A little vibration someplace. Maybe the cockpit hat. I'm straightening out. I'm starting at three degree right. Hey, there's something up here. Something shiny. What are you talking about? Something above me, Hank. I'm going to chase it. Steve, stop. I can see a plane now. Steve, don't go. It's better head now. I'm going to make a pass at it. Get a good luck. Swerving to meet me. It's better head now. It's better head. Hello, Steve. Steve, come in. Nine minutes. You're gone. There's no sign on radar. Hello. Hello, Steve. Steve, what's happened? Charlie, get out of the Christ squad. Tell the Army squadron to alert their search planes. Right. Nine and a half minutes, Doc. Hello. Hello, Steve. What's happened?  Hello. Come in, Steve. We're here to search squadron. Come in. No, Mr. Hansen is busy. Hello. Hello, Steve. Hello, Steve. Ten minutes, Mr. Hansen. It's the end of the storm. How long has it been now? Ten minutes, Mr. Hansen. Nothing more on radar, Sergeant? Screen's blinded. Colonel Corelli called in. Birch point's back. He didn't find anything. Should be some trace. Couldn't have bailed out, could he? He only hit the soak at 4,400 miles an hour. Even when past the outer limit, ran out of fuel. Something blue and we'll find the pieces scattered from here to the coast. Why does it have to be the best man, always the best man? Charlie, Charlie, we, you know, we've got to figure out what was wrong. Something, something must have gone wrong, yeah. There's a message from our side house, sir, for Steve. Oh, what is it? Mrs. Westing's fine. It's a boy. Thank you, Elsie. It's a boy, Johnny. Oh, fine. Fine. It's a boy. He didn't even know she went to the hospital. How am I going to tell Mary that? Wasn't your fault, Mr. Hansen? Ship, I had to be testing. Yeah, yeah, we'll build another one. And some other flying fool will shoot past the outer limit in the space. Oh, I'm getting old, Charlie. You can remember when I used to take him up myself. Now I've got to send other men. It's a job, Mr. Hansen. Now I'm afraid.  I jump. Every time I have to send someone up in a new model, I start to sweat. And Mr. Hansen, I think there's something on the radar. No flight scheduled in, are there, Elsie? We have a handbag cleaner. It's coming in behind us. Here it comes over the building. What crazy job is buzzing the field like that? Is that an army plane, Charlie? I can't see. It's turning. Charlie, alert the field. I know that engine. Steve, that's impossible. What? That's a ship. It can't be. There was no other model like that. It's Steve, all right. It's coming in. I'm done. Done. The quicker you get over to see Mary on the baby. Hank, Elsie, give the order to check and refuel the rockets. I don't want anybody in here till I get Steve's reports. Barry, any calls? All right, let's have it.  Hank, does that cosmic raid bomb still go off tonight? What are you talking about? Straighten out, Steve. Where have you been for the last 10 hours? Listen, Hank, there's something warm. Come on, come on. I've got to get a report on the screen to Washington. So let's have it. I've got to know how you stretch 10 minutes fuel to keep you in the air for 10 hours. Now, one thing before I talk, Steve.  So help me, Hank. I don't know. We better check and make sure it isn't radioactive. Elsie, add a Geiger report on the standard check. Steve, maybe we better have a doc look you over, too. No, no, I'll be all right. They said I'd be all right, right? Look, son, I know you've had a tough time, but we've had this field on the alert for 10 hours. One of the Army boys cracked up looking for you when he's hurt bad. So let's have a story. Let's have it straight. I don't know how to tell you. Hank, I saw something up there at 300 miles. I chased something up there, Hank. And I caught it. Now don't handle me that. Listen to you. I was cruising along, just starting the right bank when I spotted something. It must have been going about half my speed. It was egg-shaped and smooth. I made a pass at it, and I was coming back for another, and then there was a humming sound. Humming? A sort of vibration. And I blacked out. I was headed straightforward at 4,400 miles an hour. I thought it was going to be the biggest smash since Hiroshima. Hank, is there a thing in that bottle? Never mind that, Steve. What happened? I came to inside their ship. Steve, this whole thing has been a devil of a strain on you. I'm going to call Major Donaldson from the Army base. Ask him to sit in. Psychiatrist? Yeah. Yeah, that's a good idea. Let him run his test. He'll tell you I'm not kidding. Because Hank, unless I miss my guess, I've just been tipped off to the way the world ends. All right, Mr. Weston. Suppose you continue your stories. Let's have it, Steve. You woke up inside the ship? Yes. And the place was jammed with machinery, dials, blinkers. I couldn't recognize anything. And you were surrounded by these men from Mars? I didn't say anything about men from Mars. I didn't even say they were men. I couldn't see them clearly. They were just there. Where did they come from then? Another galaxy, millions of miles outside of our solar system. That's all I know. You figure out where they came from. And they came all that distance to find the Earth? Yes. Did they tell you there? Yes. You mean they spoke English to you? No, no, they didn't. That's funny. I hadn't thought. They didn't really speak to me at all. They just planted the thoughts in my mind. You mean thought, transference, telepathy? Yes, that's right. Well, Steve, what brought them here? We did, Hank. We rang their bell. We brought them in. With our atomic explosions. Hank, that's why you've got to stop that bomb test tonight. Look, you've got to believe me, Hank. Oh, how can I make you understand? Maybe I can help, Mr. Weston. Would you submit to Narcosa commentary? What's that? Under proper drugs, I can put you back in this ship by suggestion. Then we can get a playback record of the memory pattern on the audio circuit. And how long will that take? Half an hour. We'll have to go to the lab. Will you believe me if it checks? It will give us an accurate memory picture of what your mind reports. All right, let's go. Hank, you've got to believe me. We haven't got much time. You should be getting drowsy now. Count backwards from 10. 9, 8, 7, he's under. Now we attach the head plate electrodes. The cortical pickup. Look after that wire, Mr. Henson. Three old setting, 31.3. Although that's which, Mr. Henson. I have to start them off by suggestion. All right, Steve.  You're in the rocket. Back. You're in the rocket. You're in the rocket. And you've just sighted something strange. Now I'm starting a three degree right. What's that? Hey, there's something up here. Something shining. His memory pattern. We're picking it up electronically. There's something above me, Hank. I'm going to chase it. It's packed through the audio circuits. I'm getting static. I can't hear you, Hank. This is where we lost contact with him. I'm going to make a pass at it. Hey, it's warbing the meeting. It's better ahead now. It's better ahead. No one. This is where he blacked out. There's no telling how long, minutes around. What's that noise? I don't know, Claire. How did I get in here? Who are you? Is he seen? Intergalactic patrol. What's that? What are they saying, Steve? What are they saying? It's about nuclear fission. They know about it. They know the danger of it. Long ago, they had wars that almost destroyed them. And finally, they learned how they've outlawed war. Go on, Steve. They patrol space. When their detector picks up an atomic explosion, they send a patrol. What are they going to do? They've quarantined us. Quarantine? They've isolated the Earth because we don't know how to control ourselves yet. Until we learn or be a menace to the whole universe. What is this nonsense? How are they going to do it, Steve? They've spread a layer out here. I don't know how to call it. All around the Earth. It's miles deep. When there's an atomic explosion on Earth, the radioactive particles will drift up to this layer and set off a chain reaction. It'll go around the world in microseconds. And that's the end. Yeah, what's he doing? Wait, wait. Yes. Yes. I understand. I've got to bring back the warning. You're going to put me back in my ship to bring the warning. Now what? Like that again. I guess that's all. What is all it means? It's what he remembers. Don't think that really happened. No, no. Not because a cometry circuits produce what he remembers. It just means that Steve believes this happened. I don't like to see this. I've seen too many top pilot snapper. Steve is the best I've known. How bad do you think he is? Frankly, outside of the presence of this, well organized, this hallucination, there's no sign of imbalance. May not be too serious. If you had a more plausible story, I'd be inclined to bring the warning. Hank. It's all right, boy. Did you hear it, Hank?  Sure, sure. We've been quarantined. Let me give you something to make you sleep, Steve.  They fixed it so that if we set off one more nuclear explosion, that'll be it. Of course. Don't worry, Steve Donald. You don't believe me. Now take it easy, Steve. Look at the test tonight. They're setting off to see our bomb. Hank, what time is it? 11.20. Well, it's scheduled for midnight. Hank, we've got to stop that bomb. Steve, let Donaldson give you the hypo. Hank, you've got to believe me. I saw them. I got the bomb. I saw them. I got the warning. If we touch off that bomb tonight, it'll be the biggest galactic fourth of July of all time. The whole earth will go up like a Roman candle. April 10th, 1965, the end. Now, look, Steve, you better calm down. Don't you want to see Mary and the baby? You've got a new son, remember? Yeah, that's just it. I want to see my son. I want him to live. If that bomb goes off, Hank, we've got to stop them. Mr. Hanson, I think we'd better get over to the base. Oh, Hank, you've got to believe me. Sure, sure, Steve. Maybe there is something to it. Look, it's out of your hands. I'll put it in a report and shove it into Washington in the morning. In the morning? There isn't going to be any morning, Hank.  You've got to call Washington now. Get the head of the security commission and postpone that test. No, you know I can't do that, Steve. My neck will be out of my own. Besides, this is 1965, not 45. 20 countries have atomic bombs now. Of course, the use of stopping just this one. The rest will keep right on popping. We'll have to call an international conference. Get your other stand, Hank. The first one that goes off finishes us at the end. They've given us the quarantine warning. Steve, I think you'd better go over this to the base hospital. Look, Steve, we can call up for a detail if we have to. All right, all right. I'll go with you. You don't need a straight jacket. That's the way, Steve. You'll probably feel better by morning. Let's go. Well, Steve, tomorrow I'll drive you over to the hospital to see Mary and the kid. Sure. Look at the ship under the headlights. Pretty, huh? You'll be flying her again soon, don't you worry. Yeah, yeah, I guess so. What you doing out in the line? They, uh, are you fueling? Yeah, we've got Klausowitz coming in tomorrow from Denver for another test. I figure we give you a day off. Yeah, that's good. That's fine. Steve, Steve, come back. Come on, Donald, come. Steve, Steve, wait. He's heading for the rocket. Look, there he goes up.  We can't get on him now. That covers armor glass. He's waving. Yeah, towards control. There's the radio. He needs the radio. Come on. Eyes should have gotten held. There's the radio still up here. Hello. Hello, Steve. Listen to me, Hank. You've got to call Washington now. Come out of that rocket, Steve. I'll call my men. Don't try anything, Hank. They brief you of the rocket for tomorrow. Take it easy, Steve. Listen, you know what will happen when I fly on the rocket tubes down here? Steve, don't.  Steve, what do you want? You've got to call Washington right now. They won't believe me. If you make that call or I cut in the rocket. I mean it, Hank. I hope my screen to yours is parallel. I want to see exactly what you're doing. All right, all right. Just don't fire those rockets. That's right, Hank. You've got 12 minutes to make that call and stop that bomb. All right, I'm making the parallel hookup right now. Donaldson, you're thinking really black. I don't know up to now. I don't want to say what's normal. But now he's libel to do anything, handsome. Steve. Steve, there. Are you getting it on your screen? Yeah, bro. All right. Operator. Visit screen to Washington. This is secured to commission priority. Break in and get me a line. Yes, sir. Just a moment, please. 10 minutes, Hank. Listen, Steve, I'm trying. I'm ready to take your call, sir. Washington, secure to commission three. This is urgent. I want Undersecretary Herbert Ames. Washington, three. One moment, please. Hurry, will you? One moment, please. What time is it, Donaldson? 11.51. Do you think you'll fire those rockets? They might. Washington. Visit screen three. Mr. Herbert Ames, please. That is a coded exchange. I cannot accept your call without clearance. Get it through, Hank. Listen, Washington, put it through. This is Mr. Hansen at San Marco Air Base. This is a priority call. I'm coded. One moment, please. I will check your code number. Get that through. Hank, let's block us off at 12. Will you be reasonable, Steve? Your call has cleared, San Marco. Washington, Visit screen three. Herbert Ames, please. Security commission Ames. Listen to Ames. All along. Ames, you've got to get me to the chief. Are you kidding? Is it the test control room? Yes, I know. But get him for me. What's up? Your circuit. There's no time. I've got to get him before the test. It's about the CR bomb. I can't. Ames, my project has a high enough rating. This is a priority A call. I'm through. You hear that, Steve? I've got to cut the incoming screen. All right. Don't try anything. This is Hansen at San Marco. No, sir. Priority A request to cancel the bomb test. No, no. I'm serious. This is deadly serious. We sent the X2 JTR up today to the outer limit. We uncovered evidence. Yes, on the automatic instruments. What's that? No, possible chain reaction. No, I can't tell you the whole story. There isn't time here. Yes, yes. I'll bring the readings into Washington in the morning. You've got to postpone the test till you see them. Look, I've worked on contracts for the commission for 10 years. Yes, yes. I have complete confidence in my information. You can record that. All right. I'll call you back immediately. Bye. Act. He's agreed to cancel, Steve. The bomb won't go off. All right, boy. You can come down. I'm about to shoot. He's opening up. Here he comes. All right, Steve. Come on down. Yeah, Hank. Just a second. Hank. I was scared. I was plain scared. He's in the house all over. The bomb won't go off. Thank God. Look, I want to see Mary and the baby. Can you get me transportation now? Well, wait a minute. It's almost 12. They won't let you in the hospital now. I want to see the baby. Sure you do, but you've been under a strain. I've got a shot for you here, Steve. I'll give you a good night's sleep. All right. Well, if you sleep, you're here. Yeah, I'll make you sleep. Sergeant will find you a bed. Yes, sir. Come on, Mr. Wilson. OK. Good night, Hank. I'm kind of beat. It's been a tough night. It sure has. I thought for a minute he was going to blast those rockets and send us home to Kingdom come. Yeah. Quite a stunt getting the Ray Bomb test called off. It isn't called off. But the chief said games couldn't get the chief. I was talking to a dead circuit. Bomb goes off in a couple of minutes. Oh, Steve. He's one of the best. He was the best. One in 10 million. Some story of his poor guy. For a while he almost had me believing that quarantine. That's a very common illusion. And of the world. Yeah. I suppose so. Ah, it's a nice night. Never saw the stars, so bright. We better be getting in. That wind is cold. Bomb goes off in 30 seconds. Poor Steve.  Yeah. It's outside my field, but I'm curious. How did he keep that ship in the air for 10 hours? With only 10 minutes fuel. You have just heard The Outer Limit by Graham Dore. An adventure in time, space, and the unknown dimension. About next week. Have you ever heard of the Mach 3, the amazing electronic brain at Harvard that instantly solves the most complicated scientific problems?   That would be nice, wouldn't it? Perfect. That's what they thought when it happened in the year 2006. But they were wrong, terribly wrong. Ah, I'll tell you next week. Tonight's story transcribed on Dimension X. The Outer Limit by Graham Dore was adapted for radio by Ernest Canoy. Featured in the cast were Joseph Julian and Steve, Wendell Holmes as Hank, and Joe DeSantis as Major Donaldson. Your host is Norman Roll. Music was by Albert Berman, sound designed by Sam and Roll. Edward King directed. Tomorrow here's Sam Spade, now it's Truth or Consequences on NBC. Shows like CBS Radio Mystery Theater, The Shadow, Inner Sanctum, and more. You can find retro radio, old time radio in the dark at weirddarkness.com slash retro radio. That's weirddarkness.com slash retro radio. Or look for retro radio, old time radio in the dark wherever you listen to podcasts. And if you like what you just heard, please share this episode with someone you know who also loves old time radio and pulp audio. If you want to hear even more, drop an email to weirddarkness at radioarchives.com and get an instant reply with links to download full-length pulp audio books, pulp e-books, and old time radio shows, absolutely free. That's weirddarkness at radioarchives.com. Weird Darkness is a registered trademark. Copyright Weird Darkness. I'm Darren Marlar, and I'll see you next time for Weird Darkness' retro radio, old time radio in the dark.