Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States and Mrs. Reagan. Ladies and gentlemen, the National Anthems of Denmark and the United States of America. Prime Minister Schluter, Mrs. Schluter today, it's a great pleasure to welcome you. Denmark is an old friend and an ally and NATO and an active trading partner. Ties between our two countries run long and deep. Denmark recognized the United States as a free and independent nation shortly after our Declaration of Independence. Ever since that act of friendship, relations between the Danish and American people have continued to grow to our mutual benefit. Commerce between our two countries, for example, has been a boon on both sides of the Atlantic, underscoring the need for free and open international trade. I look forward, Mr. Prime Minister, to discussing with you the need to strengthen and broaden the international trading system, perhaps through a new round of comprehensive trade negotiations. At a time when our countries are enjoying improving economic conditions, protectionism looms as a threat. Working together, we can see to it that our international markets stay open and that this avenue to progress and well-being is not blocked. In the past century, many Danes immigrated here to look for the American dream. With their hard work and good citizenship, they not only made that dream real, they helped build a great nation as well. So many Danes came here around the turn of the century. In fact, it's said that every Dane in Denmark has a relative in America. Whether that's true or not, clearly we are of the same family of free peoples. We are bound together by our common dedication to the principles of human liberty and our mutual commitment to the preservation of peace. Our countries have both recognized that the blessings of peace can only be secured by free peoples who are strong and stand together. This fundamental truth is at the heart of the NATO Alliance, in which Denmark has played an active role for nearly four decades. The collective deterrence of NATO has given Denmark and all of Europe forty years of peace. We in the United States are proud to have played a role in preserving European peace and are grateful that Denmark has committed her moral weight and made a military contribution to the success of the Western Alliance. As we face new and complex challenges to our mutual security, it is ever more important that we reaffirm the trust and friendship which has served us so well. By strengthening our common defense and standing united in our efforts to achieve effective and verifiable arms reductions, we can make ours a safer planet. We can, must and will have not just four decades of peace, but a century of peace. A more stable peace, which is what we want most, next to the preservation of our own freedom and independence, will not be secured by wishful thinking or public relations campaigns. Free people must be mature, vigilant and stand in solidarity. We have already reached out in the cause of a safer world on numerous occasions and we will continue to do so. We have offered to reduce the number of intermediate-range missiles in Europe to zero. We have offered major reductions in strategic and intermediate weapons as well as a lowering of the level of conventional forces. We look forward to the coming meeting in Geneva, not for an end of all that has been wrong between East and West, but a beginning point for better relations, a starting point for progress. Mr. Prime Minister, I am certain you agree with me that democratic governments are naturally inclined toward peace. Freedom brings people of diverse backgrounds together as friends. I hope that during the time you spend in the United States, you will feel, through our welcome to you, the warmth and friendship that Americans share for the Danish people. Perhaps something that best exemplifies this is the unique Fourth of July celebration that takes place every year in Denmark. In the hills of Rebuild, thousands of Danes and Americans celebrate together the birth of the United States and the values we share. The American and Danish flags fly together in honor of democracy and freedom. We had the wonderful pleasure, Nancy and I, of sharing that day in Denmark in 1972 when we personally participated in the Rebuild Fourth of July festivities and the warmth and friendship we felt that day reflected something between our two peoples that is very special and we shall never forget it. It's an honor for me at this time, Mr. Prime Minister, to return to you the goodwill and hospitality that was extended to us then on behalf of all of our citizens, welcome to America. Mr. President, Mrs. Reagan, I wish to thank you, Mr. President, for your very kind words of welcome. Relations between Denmark and the United States of America have always been close and friendly. When Denmark, as early as in 1800 and one, established diplomatic relations with the United States, we were among the very first countries to do so. Over the years, the dynamic creativity of the new nation tempted, as you mentioned, thousands of Danes looking for challenges and opportunities. The contribution by Danish immigrants to the building of America has been one of the pillars of Danish-American relations. The American engagement in Europe in two world wars and American support for European recovery after World War II have become basic elements in our relationship in the second half of the 20th century. The presence of American troops in Europe is visible proof of the U.S. commitment to the Atlantic Alliance, which for almost four decades now has protected its members against war and secured their freedom. The solidarity of the Atlantic Alliance has also provided the necessary background for our endeavors to seek a more secure and confident relationship between East and West. We wish that the upcoming meeting in November with General Secretary Gorbachev will lead to the beginning of a more constructive East-West relationship, benefiting the United States, the Soviet Union, the Alliance and the world. We all have, as you also expressed, Mr. President, one major goal in common, survival. As free societies, we have always been able to discuss openly a free and open debate, served mutual understanding and unity in cooperation. Mr. President, you have not only been a strong supporter of NATO, I would also like to pay tribute to your support to our economy. Protectionism is indeed, as you have said, destructionism. I am looking very much forward to our talks today, Mr. President, and to meet members of the American administration. Thank you very much, Mr. President. Thank you.


Women across key professions from the South West States singled out Governor Yahya Bello of Kogi State as the role model for the Nigerian government and the area of women inclusion. The women were converging a curate on the state capital for their meetings, said Governor Bello, deserved the honor of helping to demonstrate through his appointment strategic positions for women in government. The society is better for it, and this was part of the common issue by the women under the ages of South West women for Nigeria. Somebody, we have people who today make a lot of problems that have brought women together. The administration is women inclusive. In fact, we have one of them that in the local government all the vice chairmen of the local government are women. Oh, not one, not two, not three. They have about 18 local governments in that place. So, and we need to bring out, we need to call with a phone, but what I know is that it has been quenched to women, and I must say this, and I must say that I must say Governor Yahya Bello for distance. He's the only government that has a female agency. He believes this is the only security of the Sierra Leone. This is the future of women, women, all the service.


Welcome, and thank you for joining us today. I'm Jane Brill, the executive director of the Plymouth Intergenerational Center in Plymouth. Generations not only focuses on intergenerational programming, but we're also a wellness center for all ages. All to try to build a healthier and a better community. So I'm absolutely thrilled to be hosting the program today. Today's program is going to be about technology to advance healthy communities. We're going to be introducing the VibeSig Pro mobile device and the Rocky Noel Fall Reduction Study. This collaboration between you two, it occurred, you know, we're going to talk about it in our discussion, but it's so important to have collaboration within our community because as a community and an organization, the more that we work together, you know, we're just going to keep advancing how wonderful and having a positive impact on those who live here and their overall quality of life. So my personal experience with the VibeTech device is after a health incident, I used it to increase my range of motion, to increase my strength, to improve my balance, and it was amazing. In fact, you know, it's preparing for this show to get the article or the bulletin from AARP, the May 2022 one, actually showed that, and they cited a study for every one point increase in muscle strength, a person's risk of Alzheimer's dropped by 43%. That's really incredible. So I'm really excited to hear what both of you have to say today. So what I'm going to do is have you introduce yourselves and then talk a little bit about your history and working together and the different roles that you have in that. Janine, you want to go first? So my name is Janine Bowles and I'm the Life Enrichment Director at Rocky Knoll, and thank you for having me here this morning representing Rocky Knoll, I'm pleased to be here. I've been working there since 2017, and that's when I first met Jeff and got involved with the, at that time, we were doing the Vibe Tech study one at that time, a little bit about the history. At that time when I started, Deb Jacoby was the Director of Life Enrichment, so I worked under her and she continues to work with Vibesit at this time, so that's wonderful. Along with the role that we provide at Rocky Knoll, we worked with the leadership, nursing leadership team, and at that time we identified residents that would benefit from this program. Our next step, we obtained consents from those, either the participants or the representatives, and we launched the new study just this last May with the Vibesit Pro, and currently we have 20 residents involved in this study and we meet with them two times a week. It's very exciting to have the opportunity to be here, to be collaborating with Rocky Knoll, it's been such a wonderful relationship. So I'm Jeff Lismer, Founder and CEO of Vibe Tech, so Vibe Tech started quite a few years ago with me coming up with an idea to help astronauts fight bone loss during long duration space flight, and I found a signal that I could apply through a device into the body to get the muscles to contract without effort. And when I found that that worked, I said, let me start a company and make this technology available to everybody who has barriers to physical activity, who might not be able to work out on their own. And we ended up in 2016 getting a Vibe Tech One device to Rocky Knoll and where we did that first study. And it was just incredible watching some of the residents the way that they improved. We saw people being able to stand and walk again for the first time, and that was just such a motivation. And being able to see all of those results, seeing some of the mood of residents pick up, not just when they themselves are benefiting, but when they see others benefiting. So that's one of the other little bonuses is that not only are we doing something directly for an individual's health when they're using the device, but the whole group of individuals that gets to interact with them, there's kind of a secondary benefit to them as well. So that's definitely fun and exciting. But yeah, we're with the new VibeSet Pro device. That was something that we created to overcome some of the challenges that we saw with the first device. So even though the first device is robotic, it allows for somebody to do leg presses, well there's therapeutic vibration applied through the foot plate that they're pushing on that gets the muscles to contract without effort. Plus they had the voluntary control to be able to push and exert themselves. Now they had to be transferred, if they were a wheelchair user, to get into the chair because it had a chair right on the device, and it swiveled to make it easier. But it was a challenge and trying to make sure that we could increase accessibility to this technology. We worked with Rocky Noel, we worked with another local partner to be able to help finance the operations to get things developed for the VibeSet Pro, but we wanted a mobile device that could be taken to the resident to meet them where they're at, whether it's in their room or in whichever location that was easiest to provide that treatment to them. So that's what we are now doing is being able to meet them where they're at. And that's fantastic. I mean, you can see that impact, you can see the progression of how the VibeSet Pro has improved in the renditions throughout the years, so that's amazing. Oh yeah. Yeah. Great. So in the last two years, there's been quite a bit of chaos and challenges that I'm sure you faced, you know, Jeff possibly for supplier issues, Janine for COVID restrictions. How did everything work between you two for that? So with the production, definitely that did slow down getting things moving. We ran the same supply chain issues that the automotive industry had, that same ship that all of the tens of thousands of cars we're sitting waiting for, everything else complete except for having this chip, those chips were just not available and we use some of those same chips in our device. So trying to come up with the workarounds to be able to make things happen when you don't have all of those parts and we were able to overcome that issue, but still the labor shortages in manufacturing, let alone in healthcare. But just the timing, it's been very difficult throughout COVID to be able to actually get things produced quickly. And so it's a different world. You have to plan things way in advance and be very patient. But yeah, we've come through it now, we have our new device and it's kind of nice to have Rocky Noel as the first to get one of these new devices and that's a great opportunity especially since they helped with the design of the product and the input going into developing it. And with the VibeSet 1, of course we had challenges with it not being as mobile as the new device that we have. With that we had quarantines, units, quarantines so we couldn't cross over residents from different units so that caused a challenge as well. So that's kind of the things that we were seeing. And now so with being able to move the device around so that's helped free up the ability to treat a few more patients. So now we can bring it just directly up to the unit for those residents or like Jeff said into their rooms and do the study, continue the study so that works really well. Great, yeah that's a tremendous benefit.  So we are currently working on that. We do have to look at COVID restrictions and bringing people from the community into our facility but we are currently working on that and we look forward to being able to do that in the future. Great. And Jeff any sort of you know with VibeTek and this great technology that's coming out there and as you're trying to grow your company what type of investment opportunities are possibly out there? Yeah I mean we're looking to really grow and you know we want to make our technology accessible to everybody who needs it across the globe. Right now we're starting in our own community and working on community partnerships looking at you know how do we fund the development of devices to be able to place into some of the nonprofit facilities. We're also looking at you know with the new device now available doing sales but we're also working on other investment opportunities as well if anybody is interested and so they're free to contact me and they can reach me at jeff at VibeTekGlobal.com that's V-I-B-E-T-E-C-H G-L-O-B-A-L.com or they can give me a call or send me a text at<PHONE_NUMBER> and to learn more about what opportunities there might be but yeah we definitely do need more financial support to be able to grow and expand and scale up to make this technology available to everybody in need but I love that we have what we have going right here in Sheboygan with this partnership to be able to really you know build and develop and nurture our whole program because to us it's not about just producing a product and then dropping it off. It's how do we entice the use of the product to make sure that everybody at a facility or an individual at home is able to make the most of it because we really are providing the benefits of exercise and we can do so even if the person is unable to stand and walk and do things on their own. So it's a very unique capability that we bring to the table with this new device. I know we'd love to help you out of generations and any opportunity that we have because you know we have people of all abilities and you know it would be great to have that in our facility so before we wrap up for the day any sort of additional thoughts or things that you'd like to share with our viewers? So just talking about our initial study you know that started with working with dementia residents I don't think we mentioned that and with falls so with someone that has a memory deficit you don't always recall that they can't walk or they don't have the abilities that they had in the past so that was our focus to strengthen those residents so that if they tried to get up that they at least had that strength in those muscles that would retain them and keep them up and that's the one thing that we really did see and as residents they also need that self-confidence that they can do it so as they used the Vibesit and that was the first study that we did as they use that they they felt more confident in their abilities we saw a resident that was in the wheelchair all the time was able to with assists use the walker and then eventually use the walker and he was a great spokesman for Rocky Noel and the Vibesit one so that was wonderful and that seeing those residents feel a change within themselves that same resident the first time he came off of the Vibesit he said I feel lighter and that's what a lot of the people that use it say they just their muscles feel like feathers and lighter so it was great to be involved in that study and it's great to be in it now the residents are really enjoying the ability to go on the pearl being able to use it when whenever they wish you know coming down and eventually hoping that we can have it that they can do it independently you know so it's just been a great process yeah and falls can be so detrimental to a person's health and quality of life so that's why this is even so important I mean this is why assist is so important right decrease that chance well and with falls being the leading cause of accidental injury and death in older adults I mean it's a serious serious issue and you know the barriers to physical activity you've got pain you've got lack of a range of motion you've got a lack of strength a lack of desire to exert oneself and this can overcome all of those barriers in order to get them to be able to work out so you know talking about the resident who was able to start walking independently you know he became our poster child so we actually presented at the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and did a nice four foot tall by eight foot wide poster so it blew them up real nicely but yeah that 45% reduction in that initial study in falls over the three months was absolutely incredible and so some of the other things that we measured that we were able to see were a 20% gain in strength just from a 10 minute session and that's why people's legs felt light as feathers is that the muscles that normally are active and working that tell you oh I've exhausted myself those ones don't have to do all of the work anymore you've got other muscles now coming into the mix that supplement that and so it can offload those major muscle groups and gives them that sense of feeling a bit lighter but even the pain relief we just did another study that I just submitted an abstract again to the ACRM looking at neuropathy symptom reduction in the study we had a 41% reduction in neuropathy symptoms that lasted for days after the session and this was from each and every session so that was very incredible but now we're looking to take all of what we've done and learned and put that into a package that lets people know about the safety and efficacy of what we're doing and on the safety side I'm actually working to introduce worldwide standards through an international standards board that I sit on which will be the first standards for the field of therapeutic vibration so what we're doing here in Sheboygan is important to what's going on all across the globe and I'm really excited to be able to take this forward and you know make it into something that becomes a mainstay that everybody has access to that's great so as we're talking about this we've got a video that we can show that will actually show our viewers how the Vibe Tech Pro the mobile device works so we'll queue that up thank you the Vibesit Pro is a really versatile instrument to be able to help people regain the strength and mobility that they need to function much more independently in life the following exercises can be really helpful leg presses big pumps it's a little bit easier to do and even just holding your legs straight will let the forces push through your body and get a little more advanced to target specific muscle groups or sites in your lower extremities even getting in a nice hamstring stretch can feel it really good you can even add arm exercises to the mix that engage the entire body to push it will actually articulate your legs moving them back and forth and if you want you can actually I love using this from a wheelchair because it's it can tip back a little bit and if you hold your legs right you can actually turn that wheelchair into an automatic rocking chair and so let the device just push you back and forth with those vibrations contracting your muscles but it's it's kind of fun to just explore with this but just the versatility of it's pretty incredible though to be able to engage all of the lower extremity muscles or if somebody's flexible enough they can actually push with their arms and if they have a sure-sold shoulder or you know any other issues with their arms this can actually help them there as well great I can't wait you know to I love using it so I could actually probably use another treatment but before we you know finish up let's talk about or let's give people again how they how can they contact you Jeff you already said it but you could go ahead and do it again let me do that and then Jeanine how can people contact you at Rocky Noel so yep so again so you can reach me directly by email at Jeff at VibeTechGlobal.com or if you'd like to schedule a demo you can reach us at demo at VibeTechGlobal.com or reach out to me by phone or text at<PHONE_NUMBER> and if you want to contact Rocky Noel regarding long-term or short-term health care services we would have you contact Claire Richards she is the Rocky Noel admissions coordinator and her phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER> or you can email her at seerichardsatrockynole.net and if you want information about VibeTech program you can contact myself at<PHONE_NUMBER> or Jay Bowles at rockynole.net. Okay great thank you thank you both and thank you to our viewers for tuning in if you'd like to contact me to learn a little bit more about generations intergenerational center what with the programs that we offer services or membership you can reach out to me at<PHONE_NUMBER> or info at generationsic.org or visit our website at generationsic.org so thank you again to our viewing audience for being with us today as we discuss the use of technology in one of our favorite health care settings and take good care and stay healthy Shabuigan.


Recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance technology have made it the most widely used technique in structural characterization of Lignin due to its versatility, providing unambiguous evidence for specific structures and quantitative structural information. This article was authored by Ranzang Sun, Jiao Longwan, Bai Liangxue, and others.


Hello, everybody, and welcome to Lute Goblins. Episode two, my name is S-Fan, and we have an incredible show for you guys today. So, first up, Space Boy. Switch streamer, R.P.R. and friend of myself and many of my other friends. So you're both a friend of my friend and a friend. It's a lot of friendship. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Thank you, Space Boy. We have another fellow role player and OTK member. Seer! Seer, thank you for joining us today. It's you who is joining me, my friend. We have another friend of ours, New World aficionado, leader of the Frogs. Twitch.tv slash Pokolos. It is I, Little Poke, from Edinburgh. Where is it? I think it's in, I think it's in Iran or something. I'm from Lebanon.  Let's go ahead and get started here explaining what Luke Goblins is for those of you guys who are new here today. So let's go ahead and get that up on the screen for us. At the start of each round, the players will be given a Twitch-centric trivia question. If they are correct, they're going to receive additional points for each and every round. If the player answers a question incorrectly, the amount of points up for grabs will actually be subtracted from their total. So you don't want to get it wrong. This continues until 27 of the 30 chests have been opened for a total of nine rounds. And after the ninth round, the player with the most points has declared the winner. And the other two players forfeit their points. In addition to that, we also have some side quests. We have some challenges for you guys. In addition to these points, some of the chests are going to contain the side quests, random events that challenge the players to complete a task. If a player does complete a side quest, they will be awarded double points. But if they fail, they will receive no points. There may be some little variation to that as well. On top of that, Twitch loves their extensions. We are doing this show in conjunction with Twitch Gaming. You can choose your team using the loot goblin's extension on the stream. Just scroll right over your screen on your PC if you're watching on PC. And you can help your team claim victory by clicking on the chest that you want them to open. You will only be able to select the chest when it is your team's turn. And each team will be able to open only one chest per round. So when we call for using the extension, you guys are going to be able to get involved as well. We have chests all the way from negative 125 to positive 150 points. And the winner at the end is going to be able to take those points and get some gifted subs for them. JCG will be joining us as the barmaiden, please. We have another Jay, Jay the Bard. And we also have our peasant boy. Hello. Crazy Slick. You guys? I didn't see him. Oh, sorry, sorry. And surely, last but certainly not least, the goblin himself. Let me out. Listen. An MP lol. Listen, I got some things I gotta say. Number one, my allergies are kicking in so I can't breathe. Number two, I'm upset that everyone's taking my loot. This is not fair. Well maybe you shouldn't have lost me in a duel. You know what? Maybe you're right, but I hope you all lose. The goblin is going to be joining us today, doing trivia for our three contestants. And how this works is you will place your hands upon the magic rocks and if you can answer or you can press the button first, you'll get the first opportunity to answer the goblin's trivia. When you do, you'll get points, extra points for each and every round. I have brought my drip. Very good. And the drip is very important. Whom's to inquire? Please, goblin, take your positions. Who is he talking to? All right guys, all right. I got some really, really, really tough questions here. Good luck. Is everyone in position? The first question is coming in. What streamer has a bunny named Didu? Maeskif. Maeskif. Maeskif is the correct answer. Pokalols gets 10 bonus points to start off for the court today and he will be the first contestant up here. So, Pokalols, please go ahead and set up. You have 30 chests to choose from, Pok. And for this round, you are gonna get a chance to choose one of these chests. Remember, the chest values go from negative 125 all the way up to positive 150. Obviously, you want as many points as possible and you are currently in the lead with 10 bonus points from getting the trivia right. Ha, ha, ha, ha, L. So, what chest do you want and why?   21. 21 it is. Barn made in. Please, step forth and show us what is behind. Are you sure? I am very sure, yes. Okay. Okay, here we go. Five. Oh, five points. Great choice. Not bad, not bad, not bad. You're not negative and you're at 15. You could have had a lot worse. He's lying, that is really, really not good. Yeah. Show me the skull with your magic. Focus currently in the lead. Very good, currently in the lead. Not good. Next up, we'll have OTK Sier. Sier, pray tell.  I've killed many men, men bigger than you and smaller than you. Women, children, all the same, all for the fair price of a coin. I'll slay you as well. I will stain the soil crimson with your blood. I would like to see you try. I choose chest 12. Chest 12 it is. Barmaid in, please. Hmm, kinda high up here, okay. Oh no. 125. 125 points for Sier. This is rickett. I don't like that. It may be because there seems to be a quest. Don't be so proud of your 125 points just yet, Sier, because we have our first side quest, our first challenge for today, which is bout, not all witches value brains over brawn. We must defeat the witch in an arm wrestling contest. Now, come forth, witch, and defeat Sier in an arm wrestling contest. If she defeats you, you will not receive any points and you will be reset to zero. You are so done for. What is this foul darkness out of which you've presented me with? Oh, but it is the game, Sier. Right hand first. God's strength provided necessary to condemn the switch to the fell, depths of darkness resealing you down to the seventh layer of it. Three, two, one, go. And he has won a bonus 125 points. That is 250 points for Sier. Oh yeah, that's true. We said best two, three. Oh, just kidding. Let's go one more time. Three, two, one, go. Oh. Go on then. Oh. He's cheating. He's cheating. Oh. He's cheating. How so good? He had his hand here for leverage. That's cheating. He had to have it flat on the table. Oh, damn it. That's minus points. Oh, that's helping. That's minus points. Oh, have you been cheated? When were the rules provided? Have you been cheating, Sier? This is unbelievable. Into the jail cell. Can I have that? Here. Can I have that? Into the jail cell. No bonus points will be awarded for cheating 125 points for Sier, and he will not get his bonus points. What? This is on the battlefield. Disgusting. Space boy, step right up. Yes, yes. Space boy. Yes, I am him. That is me. Tell us. Yes. What chess would you like to choose and why? You see, the green is better. Look over there. You can look back. It's fine. I want that one. That one right there. Yeah. Barmaiden, please. I'm going to need some help getting this one. Peasant boy, step right up, please. Yes, sir. Yeah. Try that. Little, like, there you go, madam. Hold it for her. Yes. OK, number five. Yeah, yeah. Five points for space boy. I did that on purpose. Five points for space boy. OK, not terrible. Not terrible. Yeah. Not terrible. Yeah. Yeah, I did that on purpose. OK, you did it on purpose. Yeah. Guys, we're going to go to the next round. And there is one five point remaining, 225s remaining. So far, so good. But all the minus point chests still remain. Sierra, I'm going to let you out now. OK? Barmaiden, please, let him out. We don't know what he's capable of. He's got a bird on his shoulder. Watch his hand. Oh. Careful. He has a bird on his hand. Yeah. He bites.  Yeah. I'm supposed to be the goblin and scary, but he is very scary. I'm more scared of him than of myself. He's scary. Oh, jeez. He's scary. You're just gross. Yeah, well, that's true. What streamer recently did a dollhouse stream? Sir, you cannot beat my reactions. I am a reactor from Enfield Labelot. Yes. Oh, yeah, the answer. Germa. That is correct. Germa is correct. And 12 points. The 20 for round number two is well for a total of 20, a total of 30 bonus points now, but 20 bonus points in this round. This time, here's what we're going to do. We are going to let the chat decide. So the chat is going to decide. Who is this chat? Oh, chat. He is a, he is a, she is a fair maiden. When I was a young man, there was a man in my town named Chat. He haunted me. This is a woman named Chat. Oh. With a T, it's, it's the female version. So chat, using the loot goblins extension, you guys can actually go through and you guys can help vote for which chest that you were going to pick for poke. You can be doing that in pokes chat and also poke. What, what, what chest do you want? I know they want five for my height. Five has already been selected. Oh yeah. I, I took that one. I'm actually six feet. I forgot. Oh, OK. So six feet would be nice. The heavens are saying number seven, they think you're much taller than that. Seven is very lucky where I am from. Mm, very good. Please, bar maiden, open up chest number seven. Oh, minus 75 points. It's OK. True shame is not good. All right, OK, go on. It's OK. Do you have more chances? All right. Thank you, poke. All right, all right. Minus 40 now for poke. It's not looking good, but it's OK. He's going to have plenty of chances to get more points in the later round. Sear, what chest do you think the chat would like for you to choose and why? Speak through me, speak through the darkness, speak through the blood that I have spilt, standing in the soil crimson. So step back, Sear, and they will be able to speak through the darkness and into the light to see what chest is going to be selected. No.  The heavens are telling me. Are you OK? Speak. You need to, I can get you an acid. The heavens are telling me. It is not Tums that you need, but it is chest number six. OK, chest. Barmaiden. Hmm, I don't know. This one seems kind of, kind of tall. Yeah, peasant boy. Sorry, yeah. Don't apologize. We won't accept it. You're welcome. It's a little faster, though. Hello. Hello, sir. Hey, you don't talk to him. OK. Oh, right. Sorry. Sorry, everybody. Sorry. There you go, madam. Thank you. Can you hold it for me? Yeah. Thank you. OK. Whoa, wee. OK. Box number six has 50 points. 50 points for Sear. Put him at 175. 175 points for Sear. Good job, little one. Very good, very good.  What are you doing for me? Hey. What are you doing? Oh, fool of the talk. Please, tell us, what chest do you think the chat is going to bestow upon you today and why?  Make 1-T-1? Yeah. So step back and let the chat decide. What is it going to be? Yeah. Is it going to be 1-T-1 or will it be something else? It's a 1. Will it be 1 or 1-T-1? It's a 1, right there. Bar maiden, which do you think is better? Do you think 1 or 1-T-1 is better? I like 1-T-1. 1-T-1 sounds pretty cool. You like 1-T-1, well, guess what? Yeah. So does. Well, I didn't ask you. So please, bar maiden. Hey, you see that one? Wow. It's the one with the 2-1s. Yeah, that's the one. No, that's a 1-2, that's a 2-1s. So there's a 1 there, so there's, no, that's a, that's 21-1s, because you go 1, 21 times, but that one is just 1, 2 times. So it's 1 there and 1 there. OK, so it's this one? Yeah. OK. Let's see what you got. 1-25. Yeah. I'm very good. That's a hundred and 25 points for Space Boy. Yeah, I'm very good. Big time, 125 points for Space Boy. What that puts us at right now is 130 total for Space Boy. 175 total points for Seer and Pokalols. Bring it up to the rear with negative and 40 points. We are still very, very early in the show. It's not over for Poke yet. Victoria will be mine. I'm a win. Because we have 150 points still on the board, 125 points still on the board. And there's also, Seer and Space Boy should watch out for Space Boy. So we're going to go ahead and start off round number three with some trivia from the goblin himself. And it's the, oh wow, please tell them. All right, you guys ready? Yeah. Hands on the buzzer. Wow, really close, this is kind of nice. People usually come as close to me because I'm the goblin. Well, I have to make sure you're not going to do anything crazy. Do I smell bad?  Also, an app for music. What ex-counter strike global offensive professional player is now a valerant professional player for Sentinels? Yeah. Napster. What? Napster. Napster. Yeah. That is incorrect. It's incorrect. It is not Napster. So that is minus 30 points for Space Boy. Shazam. That is correct. Oh, very good. Pokalols. Hey, cheating. Once more. He spoke to the fam-aiden. He spoke to Chad over there. You got it right. Did you cheat? He spoke to the fam-aiden over there. You have given me a new power. You are now sitting at minus 10 points, Pok. And you have any one of these chess that you can choose from. You get to pick. In the next round, the chat will pick. 14, please. Or do I open it? Barmaiden, please. For you? Number 14. Yeah. Don't want to get your hands all dirty? Number 14 is 25 points. My age. Did you mess around with my best friend? I'm still 25. 25 points for Poe, putting him back positive at 15 points. Congratulations. Just for that.  I'm a friendly double. There is no need for violence. We shall save all the violence for after the show. OK, invite me next time again, and I will not attack you. I will. Seer, step right up. Versailles, child. Hello, Seer. What chess do you choose for round number three? I have decided. You have decided. Go with team night. 27. 27 and why? Barmaiden, please step up. Why do you choose 27? Why not? Oh, why not? Good answer. Get yourself to my present. Oh, you choose to have the goblin be rid of your presence. But Barmaiden, show him what is inside of chess number 27. 25 points. 25 points and a challenge from the goblin himself. Oh, but a side quest, in fact. This side quest is called Mirror, Mirror. Seer, you will be secretly informed from the heavens themselves which chest has the most points and which chest has the least points. However, you will not be deciding in the next round. So you can do with this information whatever you wish. So the heavens themselves will tell you what chest holds the most and the least. And I've just, their divine intervention had. One of my cards changed too, telling you. These two numbers, one of them is the most, one of them is the least. You're not half bad. I'm not half good, I'm not half well. Spaceboy, please step up. Oh, someone stole this from you. I found it. I have enough drip, it is fine. All right, I'm keeping it. Please, Spaceboy, tell us what chest you want to select and why. I've been thinking long and hard on this one, eh? Mm-hmm. I've been thinking long and hard on this one. This one? But think about it, long time. And a hard time. I'm thinking of a number between one and 16 and it's not one. It's 16. It's 16. Yeah, it's 16. Yeah, this is that one. Okay. It's pink, it's a little red. Yeah. Oh! But? Cannot. Yeah. But? There is also a side quest, but first, we are gonna go to a quick break. Guys, thank you so much for joining us on Loot Goblins. We're gonna come back right after this. I need to pee pee. I'm scared.


We're all back to our broadcasting live from our Biclimatic Paradise here in Honolulu, Hawaii. And the show that looks at the equilibrium between the brilliance of the Biclimatic natural environment and the built environment. And today is going to be the last show of this year. So we're going to look at this nature of that beast in a little bit more literal way than already anyways. And so we have a very, very soothing guest who is Professor Emeritus Hans Krock. Hi, Hans. Hi, how are you? I'm good, especially since you're here. And we're going to have a great time to talk about the, what I call, tropic hearing. And maybe we can bring up the first slide here. And so I should have introduced myself and saying, I'm your host, a diplom engineer, architect, Martin Despingh, because I have one of these old degrees before we adopted the bachelor and master that recognizes the engineering in the architectural education. And at the very beginning of my career, we had the chance with our firm to work together with over Arab, who is quoted here in the back that actually good design is both, right, at the same time.  But we should probably have you speak a little bit of Polish, because that's your most origin, right. So why did you say a sentence in Polish? Jeszcze Polska nie zginiewa. All right. And when I now continue to talk German, when I hear Deutsch, we are here, then you can understand me as well because you spend there you go. So a man of many languages and a man of many other skills as we will see here. So the sort of the Hawaiian over is a gentleman that you had been a partner with for many years. And if we could get up the next slide here, we've been running across him here in some recent shows with Ronald Lindgren and DeSoto Brown. This one is a project on Seaside Avenue was a Seaside Hotel that actually this gentleman teamed up with the architect at Killingsworth and they were partners in crime developing this project. And next slide is actually the more the most known, the most famous, I guess, project, these architect Killingsworth and the engineer collaborated on that's the Kahala Hilton Hotel. And at the very bottom, I picked this picture from the website of that gentleman. Unfortunately, that website is not around anymore. So but I took the picture on the left when I had a chance to meet that gentleman once only unfortunately you go to the next slide. And this is a picture of his pictures on the wall in his office. And this is that gentleman. And please tell us who that your friend and business partner of yours was. He was in fact your friend and a business partner. His name is Alfred Yi. He was, in my view, the most prominent engineer that Hawaii has ever produced. And he's responsible for a lot of innovations. And we became partners in in designing and presenting the design of OTEC floating platforms. And he was responsible for the platform portion. And I was responsible for the OTEC Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion. And let's be and that's one of the projects up on the wall. But let's just before that walk quickly through some architectural engineering projects that he did. And on the top right is he gave a talk story at DoCo Momo. In 2013, I wasn't able to be there. So I had a chance to meet him actually in 16 a year before he passed away in 17. So next slide here is Vladimir Asipov's IBM building that we all know from the early 60s, 1962. Next slide. And he also has significant impact and fame within the innovation of concrete technology. Here his screen in his office back then and him giving me a slideshow. These two gentlemen here have been collaborating with him. This is Les and Adam Camper is out from Great Specific Rocky Mountain Precast. And so they have been partnering in next slide. This is just one example. There is this splice sleeve that L invented that allows the concrete prefab to be way more efficient and effective. And here he is on the right, he's sharing, Les is sharing it with the students with the emerging generation that and to the left is Les Camper's and L. And the next slide is that I also had a chance to go there with the project of ours. And it was very nervous him being the master as you correctly called him. And he basically said Martin structurally, we figure this out. No, no brainer. But I want to talk about this building because it seems to be alive and it lives and reminds me of next slide. The project he has done here again early 60s, 64 queen Emma gardens. And then four years later next slide, 1315 Alamoana Boulevard was basically constructed. So next slide. This is the Alamoana Hotel built in 70. And I think you guys met in the early 70s, right? Is that correct? Yes. So around that time, we allowed ourselves to position our building proposal primitive on next to the Alamoana Hotel for the proletarians and the people working in the mall. And this hotel was actually for quite a while, the tallest concrete structure in the United States. Next slide. Later in the 70s here, the Frank Fawzi building also we suggested to put a primitive tower next to that whole big donut hole in the parking. So these are the architectural projects and many more we show a few more. But now we want to jump to your guys collaboration. And we want to pick off with a fairly well, while talking to Jay and before the show, it's been dragging along that it's in the cooking for a while, but it has been in the news fairly recently. So to speak next picture, please explain us quickly what that is. Well, this is an auditorium. This is an idea that Al and I had. And that is to restore the swimmable with clean water this time, an auditorium. And the key element is that we would involve the incoming waves to push the water through the auditorium basin so that it would not linger there and become turbid. And would use alleys, especially in concrete design, so that it would last a long time and stand up to the waves and the salt water. So that's still to be built. It should be as we were talking. And for the audience who are not familiar at the top left, I found a historic picture. I mean, this has been around when that area hadn't even been developed, right? So this is an original. And then if you want to know more in detail, there's a show that we reference at the top right that you did with Jay. So you guys, please go back and find out all the whistles and bells of once again, a very kind of genius project. And the next slide is going to be while the previous projects were with quite some famous architects, actually, Quinn Emma Gardens in 1350 with the Yamazaki, the World Trade Tower, Twin Tower architects, among many other things. And the hotel, Alamona Hotel, was with John Graham, who built the Space Needle for the World Fair in Seattle. And here is an equally famous architect, I.M. Pei, who had just been passing away not that long ago in the age of in the early in the hundreds. And this project they've been working on in the early 60s. And that's actually where we first met.  And this was the German Hawaii Clean Energy Symposium, actually the second one. And I have to moderate a panel. And then you are raising your arm and saying something about OTEC. And I've literally and figuratively speaking saw this wave going through the audience. It seems more like a tsunami because it seemed to like challenge some people who seem to be stuck on other renewable things. So I found this very interesting. So let's jump basically into the gist of that and go to the next slide and explain to us on this sort of geographic diagram here sort of the, yeah, the broad idea of OTEC. Yeah. OTEC is an old idea. It was first thought of in 1881, which is by a Frenchman. But in its current evaluation, it would encompass the entire tropical zone and has the possibility of being able to supply all of humankind's energy in perpetuity, which is something very big to say. Absolutely. And at the same time, it has the capability of reversing global warming. Wow, we need that too. And, you know, with us of all the problems that are associated with fossil fuel, social problems included fighting wars over limited resource and all the pollution in the air and also with respect to oil spills and all kinds of other dangers that are associated with it. But OTEC is an area that has been developed largely in Hawaii. Other people are involved, of course, the Japanese and the Europeans and the Chinese even who they invited me one time to make a presentation in China to their special people. So it's a global solution to a global problem. And Hawaii is the leader in that. And that's why Hawaii is here on the map. And the map pretty much shows the, as you explained to me, the equatorial belt where the differential in temperature between the very cold water very down there and the very top water is extreme enough. So it's more, most efficient and effective. And it says here we have sort of 21 degrees in Hawaii at the, and then there's a place that's even better that has 24 degrees. And that's the Marshall Islands. And tell us a little bit about how far you got there, very far. The Marshall Islands are a set of atolls, of course, and they are very low. And recently we've had stories of sea level rise causing overwash of some of the inhabited islands. And they've had lots of problems in the past, of course, with atomic testing and other things. And we had a project together with the Marshall Islands to build the first commercial scale Otec facility there. And we went all the way to being on the verge of signing a power purchase agreement and having a finalized design with approval from the Pentagon. It was going to be something that the U.S. Army would buy the electricity. And we would also supply fresh water and hydrogen from the same facility. And we had participation of the Japanese and the Europeans and various other companies, both in the U.S. and all over the world. And so we were quite far along in that. Unfortunately, the leader passed away, so did L. And so we're happy to have you around and all pressures on you now and some of your partners. And I'm crumbling under the pressure. Let's go to the next slide. And this again, a picture I took of the picture on L's wall, because besides all the more architectural, this is architectural too, but in the ocean. So tell us again what that is, what floats there and what it does. This is taking advantage of alleys, expertise in concrete structures. And this is 125 megawatt size OTEC facility. It's modular, and there are four modules in there, each one of them 25 megawatts. Actually, there are five modules, one of them is spare. And it was designed and evaluated up to 60 feet waves and was able to withstand that kind of facility. And it is a design that's similar. The last project that Al participated in was a floating dry dock that was built in Indonesia. And that's located now in the Barbers Point Harbor. And talking in the harbor, let's go to the next slide, because Al had already made himself a name a decade before that with this project here, with the floating uses Arizona Memorial. And he did this together. This is a very popular project, obviously many tourists who come here see it. There's also these handsome gentlemen, my youngest son, Lenny up there, and Elvis here who is fundraising for it. And so that is floating. And Alfred Price has actually shares kind of a tragic background with you having been pushed around quite a lot over there in the old world, unfortunately, because of us Germans. So maybe you want to share that a little bit. Well, yeah, that was an interesting story. A discussion I had with Alfred Price was he told me the story of when he first came from Austria to the US, and he ended up for reasons I don't quite understand. He ended up here in Hawaii. And one of the first things that happened to him after December 7th was that he was taken prisoner because he came from Austria and he spoke German. And he actually had a Jewish background. And so they put him in a camp in the Sand Island. And so he said it wasn't too bad, though, because a lot of the other prisoners were German chefs from Waikiki, so they were able to make do with what they had. Like rats. Yeah, they did cook up some rats. Oh, nice. That's quite a funny story. So let's go to the next slide, because and if you know we have to apologize to people who have never heard of OTEC, it's Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, right? That's correct. And as you mentioned, it's a simple heat engine, which takes the surface water which is heated by the Sun and uses the cold deep water to run a simple engine, which anybody who's taken thermodynamics 101 sees on page one. So it's not a big mystery as how it works. But and it's worked every time the first installation was actually in the 1920s at Cuba. And so it's not a esoteric kind of technology. And so the main deal is that it's big because difference in temperature is not very big. And so you have to pump a lot of water to heat exchanges. That's primarily talking big is also that some people actually, you know, general public and probably because the terminology is oddly too close. But there's also OPEC, which is the organization of petroleum exporting countries, which is completely opposite. Exactly. That's the irony of it. And L actually had made himself a name already within them and proven that he's not just a weird nuts guy that he actually is very, you know, profitable for them. And this is happens around this project. Can you explain this to us? Yes. And this is this is Al's design for a oil exploration platform, which was built in Japan by a specialty mix concrete that Al developed. And using technology that he developed a honeycomb structure, which is the strongest design using the least amount of material. So he was able to do this. And it was built in four months in Japan by Shimizu, and then towed up to Alaska and used to explore for the US all of the areas there to see how much oil was available offshore. But now it made it above it beyond the US. And it's virtue is that it is extremely durable. It didn't crack or spoil like a lot of concrete does, and was able to withstand all of the pressure from the ice as shown in this picture, and has lasted for more than 30 years without having to be dry docked or having any kind of damage whatsoever. Currently, it's been used by the Russians. It is in fact Putin's most productive platform and is still in use. And so it's that same design that we would use for an OTEC platform. So we consider this technology well proven. Yeah, absolutely. And again, next slide, which is a compilation of a couple shows. You've done one with Stan, The Energy Man, and then Ethan Allen. And then you did several other ones, which are referred down here. So go to the next slide. DeSoto Brown has pitched that there is a tradition of innovations on the island, and he's talking basically post contact. And so he sees yourself in line with that tradition right in line with that. And we're saying almost no other place is basically better prepared to be. And of course, you within your work in the academia and the fellow academia have been heavily involved in that at the university and been working on grants, right? But there's also an irony to that when at a certain point that wasn't cutting it anymore, right? Yeah, well, we, this was the reason that the natural energy laboratory in Kona was developed was to explore OTEC. And it did a very good job. So much so that at the end of the 1980s, excuse me, the report was presented as to what the results were. And the Department of Energy said, hallelujah, you've solved all the problems. And this is ready for commercial development. And so no more research money is going to be needed for this. And so all the research money stopped. And then all of the people that were working on this, Lockheed and all kinds of other companies, and even the University of Hawaii, except, yeah, they dropped out, they quit because there wasn't any more research money. And there was only one professor and one engineer outside here. We know that one. Me and Al Yee that stuck around and then continued the development. And that's where we came up with these improvements. There were indeed improvements over what we had at that time. Absolutely. And so there and then we presented proposals for Diego Garcia, an island in the Indian Ocean, and then also more recently for Quajolin in the Marshall Islands. And if the camera could go back to studio for one second here, this is this impressive compendium here. That is 176 pages thick. And that it's all comprised, it has everything. It has obviously the technological viability, but it also has the economical viability, right? The challenge was to beat the present cost of the diesel generators in Quajolin. And we did that handily. And we're on the verge of signing a power purchase agreement. And with that, we had several funding agencies that were willing to go in for this. And then several things happened. One of which is that we had a change in administration in residency, who no longer believed in such things as global warming. Let's go to the next slide here. And this is reflected also in some environmental impact statements here. Over coffee talk, I played the devil's advocate and asked you these things as what they say, you know, it puts out nutrients and the water has a different temperature. And you were able to basically prove at least to me and in this compendium here to everyone else that, you know, these are not problems. This is all, it's pretty much a really good package and a really good deal. So let's jump to the next slide here because we're getting closer to the end of the story. And there's a gentleman here at the orange podium here, who is, because you're obviously now eager, I mean, you have impacted many, many of the future generation to take this over in strategic positions in countries all over the world. And one of them, luckily, is in my home country. And that's Dominic Halle here. So hi, Dominic. And so Dominic is basically looking at Heidi Klum here. And I made him do that because he wasn't really looking at her. I did this graphically. But I wanted to share that, you know, when you said certain things happened, and this is pretty much this makes so much sense. And you said, you know, if we could only reverse this tragic era in history, not that long ago, that Gottfried Daimler had pretty much invented more or less an electric car, but then Ford and Rockefeller took over and we're going for oil, right? And now is the point to reverse that. And I think we want to basically make a pitch here to do this, and not just by logic, but also by sexiness. And I create this term for myself when I'm building off the great buildings back in Germany. I created the term, the Heidi Klumization of Birkenstocky texture. And we have to say here, obviously, it would be the poly Jesusization of something, right? But we're saying we need to get this more exciting. And there's also two cars there. One is a car of my oldest son, Joey here, with a Peugeot 306 cc. I think it was called in the 2009. It was already a nitrogen car. You know, and when I was talking to Dominic and on the phone and you were talking, there's there's Oh, yeah, sorry. And there's there's way more actually synergy also between architecture, the built environment and the energy production. Maybe you chipped us in as well as far as with concrete production and stuff. Yes. One of the proposals we've already made here was to build these 125 megawatt platforms here in Hawaii. We've run that by former governor and talk to the local unions and everything. And what we would do was build a dry dock area in the Bobbers Point Harbor area and and use the ash from the local power plant, the coal power plant and do the actual concrete mix that is so beneficial that Ali put together and have permanent jobs for 600 people and be the source of energy, export energy here, but be self-sufficient. This no longer need, for instance, the Red Hill tanks. Be able to do transportation fuel using hydrogen, which we already have. You can go out and buy a Toyota, you know. So we were talking buying Toyota's next slide. We need to wrap up here. This would be the projects that would come out of that inspired and new and refreshing. Next slide is basically we said the oil industry is the technicians you said are open, but the business people not. So I think we need to reach out to maybe more philanthropic people who know the islands well, Bruno Mars, the Rock, Warren Buffett, we hear has a place up at the Gold Coast or former President Barack Obama. And then last slide here is then to do environments like that. I'm going to run a studio about the rejuvenation of Waikiki and I look much forward to have you there to share with the emerging generation. There are actually many more ideas you have around that. That was just an appetizer and we agreed to do many more shows together. So that being said, we look forward to that. Thank you, Hans, for the appetizer. That was super yummy and so see you all actually then next year because this is the last human architecture this year. And so happy holidays. And until then, please stay as Da Vinci tropical hearing as Hans. Bye-bye.


So I suppose the third problem as we start is that I have 35 minutes with you and we want to leave at least five minutes for questions. So it gives me 30 minutes to present what it ended up as 67 slides because because today I am so I'm here from the Linux Foundation research team and I the team has been publishing a lot of research in the last two years 40 reports actually and there's so many things I want to share with you and I just could not decide in the end I decided to summarize four reports so that's 10% of our output and that itself is a lot so I'll at some points just skip over some things I think are maybe not that interesting or maybe yeah are not that important so let me start by saying it's nice to meet you my name is Kailin Osborn and today I'll be presenting on these four research reports so I'll introduce them in a second so the agenda quickly introduce the team and myself then very very quickly introduce some highlights from four reports so the first one is the one I wrote was anyone here at Anna's presentation on Ospose okay so Anna was a co-author and shame she cannot be here she's at the Ospo happy hour having fun but anyway I'll present some this came out last week so this is fresh off the press and then here are three other studies which I did not write firstly it's a study by professor at UC Berkeley on measuring the economic value of open-source software for companies next one is a study I came out two months ago about maintainers and the fourth study is about global collaboration and challenges that are caused by fragmentation and then we'll leave five minutes for questions and answers okay let's get started so what is the Linux Foundation research team the kind of the mission is to investigate the impact of open-source software project technologies and standards the team was founded two years ago if this QR code will take you to the website for the foundation's research the research team and you'll see all our reports there before the team was established there were two big research studies conducted one was just a history of development of the Linux kernel and in 2020 was a contributor survey and then after this there was a lot of people commented that they found these reports interesting and useful and they wanted to see more of that so then the foundation set up a research team dedicated to do doing this kind of research the kind of three broad research methodologies are used our interviews surveys and also kind of big data analytics you know get up analytics software as SCA and so on and as I said 40 reports have been published this team is led by Hilary Carter who's a senior vice president Linux Foundation highly prolific I myself have only written two of these so I don't want to over claim what I have done here this is really much Hilary and and the rest of the team in going work and here just some pictures of some of the other reports and so today I'll talk about this one this one and this one so five minutes in let's move on okay who am I well I joined last summer I've been with the team for about 16 months I'm also a PhD candidate at the University of Oxford where I research collaborative commercial participation open-source software projects and the reason I'm in in China at the moment is not just for KubeCon but I'm visiting the open-source software data analytics lab run by professor Joe Minghui at beta and yeah this is if you're on Twitter that's my username okay so let's start with this this is a port that I wrote it's on Europe so to show me your hands if you're interested in what's happening in Europe okay three hands or five hands okay I won't spend too much time on this most of the slides are about this so we're gonna if we skip over it it will be able to cover the whole presentation so this is the report and the QR code if you want to read it you'll also find it on the website which the previous QR code took you to so no worries background there's a lot of political interest in Europe about in digital sovereignty and this goes back a few years the French government in particular was the kind of driving force for this the covert pandemic made this much more gave much more fuel to this debate because governments realize how dependent they were on a few platforms schools across Europe were running on Microsoft teams and just you know the services and applications provide very very few companies who are not European companies mostly just US American companies so European governments have been since then talking more and more about the need to invest in the digital commons which right which includes open source software okay there's interest in a lot of talk by politicians but little action there are lots of challenges many of you will be familiar with these you know vendor lock-in governments are in 20 30-year contracts with with service providers there's limited awareness amongst bureaucrats about the benefits of open-source software there's limited training amongst bureaucrats in development of open-source software there's also a contribution gap this is a report that we published a year before which shows I mean this was a survey about a thousand practitioners in Europe and the public sector as you see alongside education and finance and insurance is one of the sectors that encourages contribution the least what does that mean well developers during working hours are not are not very much encouraged to contribute to open source so it's difficult to realize the political interests that politicians talk about when this is the reality so our objectives here were to understand the state of open source in the public sector across Europe identify barriers and enablers for shifting to open source or increasing open source activity and also identify priorities so I'll just quickly over this we spoke to 30 people from 14 countries in Europe and yeah key findings so with all this political talk about open source and digital commons there's an increasing recognition of the value you know cost savings control localization and reducing vendor lock-in but a lot of the people we spoke to who well how many people know what an Ospo is so of course you will know because you came to Ospo talk but how put your hand up if you know what Ospo is open source program offices these are dedicated offices or teams within organizations not just industry but increasingly governments which are dead yes focus on open-source software and I think when we did this research this summer either 12 12 countries in Europe out of 27 had a dedicated Ospo they're not always called Ospo they have different names and like but you know they come in different shapes and sizes and we spoke to we representatives of these teams and they said what they want from their politicians and what they want from their senior leadership is systematic endorsements and resources so money going towards the things not just comments so as I said digital sovereignty is very important events like log for shell also drew attention to the importance of cybersecurity Germany did a very the German government did very I'm German so I'm not seeing this because I'm German but I think German government did very something very what awesome in October last year they set up a fund called the sovereign tech fund has anyone heard of it oh so in its first year of running it has a budget of 11 million euros and it's dedicated to giving basically funding open-source software projects that it sees as critical dependencies for the German government and how it works is open-source software projects or foundations can apply they have to for basically a grant and they get it so for example open JS which is part of the Linux foundation I believe we see 500,000 euros for one years of work to hire maintainers to work on critic on cybersecurity within the product ecosystem so that's really cool so that but that's an exception that's the only government that has set up something like that spoke to Fiona from the sovereign tech fund she said we need more actors because funding is the maintenance is very important but we also need more coordination because it's great to see other organizations getting involved in open-source software funding this includes the private sector this includes philanthropies and now governments but everyone is pushing in different directions there's very little coordination between them so she said from her perspective it'd be great if there could be more coordination okay I'm moving very fast let's all the information so I'm sorry for that I thought this was a really interesting point from Boris he's based in Amsterdam the Netherlands he said Europe is in a very lucky position most countries in Europe have policies and laws about open-source software use that's not the problem the problem is actually implementing these laws one of his compatriots from the Interior Ministry of the Dutch government told me for many years they've had this law called open-source unless what does this more mean well if the government develops IT systems or software systems they have to open-source it unless they have justifiable reasons not to and hit in his opinion this is the least followed policy in the whole country and why is that well he said well people just don't know how to implement it and often that's the justifiable reason I mean they don't know like you know all the legal or even technical procedures are to open-source software from the government so many people emphasize and many were from Ospo so it's a biased sample Ospo's are a key mechanism for facilitating contributions to the open-source software ecosystem including you know actually implementing the open-source and less policy or funding open-source software projects or just turning up to events like this this is a view from Leonardo who used to be head of open-source for the Italian government he says you know most organizations just consume and use open-source software and very few give back and he sees Ospo as the key way of contributing back one of the things they do and so he talked about his experience of the Italian government is create catalogs which basically help with the discoverability problem so basically if you're a developer working in one of the ministries of your government knowing okay what other projects have other developers within the government apparatus in a different ministry or maybe at a regional level or a local level what have they been building and can I reuse any of that so that's very useful Francis also created one and Francis done something very interesting it's called the sill they've created basically a social network around their catalog so basically let's say you focus on the Linux kernel right and you are a pytorch expert you are not just using the catalog but you can share that you are an expert so you become a referent as they call it and say you come along and you want to learn about both Linux kernel and pytorch and then it will point you in the direction of these two developers within the government so you'll never have met them but you know okay they have expertise and the technology that you want to work on and they are work within the same organization as you and so he said through that so the person I spoke to said through that a lot of developers were starting to get to know each other and share resources and build capacity so that's been very useful guidance is of course very useful as well this is an interesting point from the CTO of Estonia so he said building something this is about the discoverability problem it's great if you build something open-source it but that doesn't necessarily guarantee that people come and use it this is probably quite familiar to all of you and so he said he emphasized in these catalogs and kind of guidance documents are useful for getting people to come to your project and contribute to it okay so I'm sorry that was a lot of information about a report that maybe is not that interesting to you because it's about what's happening in Europe so now I'm gonna talk about more generalizable findings and how are we doing for time with 17 more minutes okay so this study is on measuring the economic value of open source here's the QR code and this was run by professor Henry Chesbro at Berkeley I'll give you a second to take the QR code so it's based on US companies but I think it I assume is generalizable across the US across the world and I'll give you my reasons why so the survey was sent to CIOs and IT managers at Fortune 500 companies as well as companies that could be reached through Linux Foundation as well as members of the Berkeley Innovation Forum who are also Fortune 500 companies and this resulted in 439 reusable responses so because of the mixture of the distribution of the of the survey we cannot say that all these 439 responses correspond to 439 Fortune 500 companies but roughly and here you see the diversity of the sizes of the companies so what did he find okay here's a lot of information but we see a lot of the kind of key benefits and key costs or risks of open source are pretty much standard having kind of repeated over and confirmed over the last 20 years so sorry information overload but here are the kind of main benefits draw your attention to these three so the three main benefits according to Fortune 500 companies in the US are faster development speeds cost savings and open standards and interoperability I assume that doesn't surprise anybody when it comes to the to the costs but if you want to take a photo of that you can take a photo quickly otherwise you'll see in the report when it comes to the costs the three main ones are hidden support costs cost you to security gaps and costs for training did anyone expect any other kind of major costs to come up that you don't see here yeah I think it's pretty straightforward right but I think that the value of summarizing the costs and the benefits in this way is that you can put them in front of decision-makers whether it's in governments as I was just talking about or in companies that are not active in open-source software and it kind of gives you a very useful summary of what the main benefits and costs are so hopefully stakeholders who are not already believers and supporters of open-source will find this useful okay the third report this is about maintainers so here's the QR code if anyone wants to take it quickly the methodology here was to interview 32 super maintainers from various projects hosted by the Linux Foundation so I'll get more I'll talk more about the methodology in a second but this is like the reason why you know we all know that maintainer burnout is real everyone recognizes this diagram right is this the first time for anyone seeing this okay so everyone knows that right so maintainer burnout is real so the aim of this study was to examine the practices of super maintainers and I'll define what super maintainers means in second and identify key sustainability factors and then provide insights into how we can support maintainers so how did we select which super maintainers we spoke to well so this is a I'm just showing another idea I wanted to include this in the presentation but I already had four so this is a previous study by researchers at Harvard University it was for the Linux Foundation where they analyze identified the most you know the most you know the most common dependencies doing software composition analysis and this ended up with a big ranked list of software opens for software projects and then so the methodology here was to select super maintainers of these the most you know the highest ranked dependencies so that's what super maintainer means and to cover a range of different domains so front-end libraries operating systems infrastructure package managers databases and storage DevOps tools and data analysis and AI and yeah lower-level languages so we got a kind of a range of projects in the sample the key findings here's a lot for me this was the most striking one that only 35 percent of these super maintainers have a contributor pipeline you know who here has heard of the bus factor the bus factor is this is a new concept oh so the bus factor measures how many developers or contributors make up at least 50% of contributions and it goes back to the 90s when people talked about the role of Lino's Torvalds in the Linux kernel and someone said well what happens if Lino's gets hit by a bus he will not be able to contribute anymore so since then people or researchers talk about the bus factor which is quite morbid but basically is a measure of dependence on individuals and so if some of these make super maintainers decide that they cannot continue well they're in a they have a problem if they don't have a contributor pipeline for training and mentoring contributors who can then step up and become maintainers so they shared a bunch of best practices I'm just gonna highlight six categories of best practices the first one is about is anyway sorry is anyone here a maintainer do any of these resonate with you do you do any of these yourself we can focus on this box because then we'll move on you have what's your project it's a graph database so it's a very large product we have more than nice on the stars in GitHub so we have greeting mechanisms we have the good first issues a list of simple issues or bugs for new commerce to do how effective do you find that it used to be effective but we do have a serious pipeline issue we don't have many new contributors coming so used to be effective are you considering any other tools or ways of reaching out to new contributors we are waiting for our incoming GA of our new version which we rely on it to boost our open source contributions after that we may rebuild our contributor pipelines and and we will reinstates it on these measures we will hope that will help the contributions we should bring out a second version of this report with this these insights so then yeah community governance is important establishing code of conduct I think the second one is interesting design yourself out of the job this relates to the bus factor so basically ensuring that your project can continue without you so we have to put your pride to the side and think in terms of the interest of the longevity the sustainability of your project okay and yet distributing power and decision-making is very very important of course documentation wait do we have any other maintainers I don't want to just pick on you and ask you your retainer to different project or same project different okay do you want to comment on documentation or any of the I'm from kublox it is an operator actually for multi database management multiple cloud and you can check how we're both in the first floor and last month I spent a lot of my time on documentation because many users we complain how to contribute to your project or how to use a project better and I'm also doing the second second one recruiting some doc document writers from our community to contribute to their ideas or the experience or how they can successfully run our projects yeah I think that's very useful and they experience when they share the experience out it will help more like our users or potential users yeah so moving on time is running out here are three other categories of best practices so the first one is diversity you know mentoring is really important for bringing in new people and training them up a major problem that was brought up is well of course there's a certain geek culture but also a cultural dynamic here a lot of the projects are us centric and many contributors who are not American might find it difficult to to climb the ranks and become a maintainer in a project that is technically is technically global in nature but might feel like an American project and this is can include like you know the language that is used and do we have something about the language no but later on in the presentation I'll talk about this but yeah just basically making it feel like an inclusive global community rather than just you know the culture of one place in the world avoiding burnout is this something that the two of you can relate to have you burned out from wait so let me step back are you paid to do your maintenance work as part of your job okay so you're not doing on the weekend excellent so your your company or your organization supports you okay so would you agree that that's an important reason why you have not burned out yes so I think this is a problem amongst maintainers who are not doing this as part of their jobs who are just doing it on a voluntary basis after work on the weekends so on and then funding an interest of time I'll move on this is the last study so thank you you've made you've done three out of four so this one came out in February and yeah as it as the title says it's about we basically the study interviewed open-source software leaders from projects and foundations what they saw as the biggest challenges and priorities for the global open-source software ecosystem and this project is probably maybe the one that is most relevant to China or to a Chinese audience so yeah we spoke to a bunch of people I won't focus on methodology key findings so open source has changed a lot in the last 30 years as I just mentioned before you know it has its roots in Western Europe and North America but it's truly a global community and that brings with it language culture and geopolitics barriers it's not part of this presentation because it's not from the next foundation but my favorite favorite book I'll share two things with you my favorite book which was written by a Russian scholar at Stanford in the US about developers of Lua in Brazil in Rio so put your hand up if you know Lua okay some of you so some of the problems that these guys in in Rio de Janeiro had is that you know they speak Portuguese with each other but the lingua franca of the kind of the global open-source community is English and they were finding it very difficult to to contribute and at the beginning he spent five years researching these guys and at the beginning he he could speak Russian he could speak English but he could not speak Portuguese so he was speaking with them in English and then maybe say let's say you speak very good English and you don't speak a good English if I spoke if when he spoke to you privately you would speak very well and when but when you spoke in front of sorry what is your name when he spoke in front of you he would reduce the quality of his English because basically your ability to speak English reflects your social status you know what your education background is how wealthy you are and so on so he in this book he this is not the focus but this is just one chapter he talks about the the the politics of language ability for developers open source software developers who don't come from English speaking countries very interesting the second one is a report I should have these written down I'm sorry is by a woman from Bangladesh who was based at Berkeley and she had a grant from the Ford Foundation to research open source communities in Bangladesh and she looked at the communities of Rasta and Brave and no sorry Mozilla and Brave and a lot of the volunteers are high school students or university students who are you know contributing why well they want to basically build up a portfolio so that they can get a job and you know just studying computer science or electrical engineering or mathematics is not enough and their dream she says is to work for you know a big international technology company but by just doing very local community work in a city in Bangladesh anyway so those are very interesting studies about the kind of experiences of developers who are not from English speaking countries and maybe some of those challenges resonate with you as as developer Chinese speakers in English speaking environments another challenge is techno nationalism you saw this definitely during the Trump era with the trade wars and so that's a major concern here's the last set of findings so what do I focus on here so this is I think the one I will want to focus on here which is there are so many foundations you know Linux Foundation is one with lots of daughter foundations it's not the only one open Adam Foundation Eclipse Foundation and so on so forth and so an outcome of this was oh let me get I'll come back to this an outcome of this was in July this Congress took place with foundations from around the world to talk about kind of shared priorities and looking at ways how they can coordinate to make sure they're not just duplicating the same efforts I just want to share some insights from three different people we interviewed first one is from Mexico and this is I talked earlier about the problem that people from outside the USA experience when they want to contribute to open-source software projects he said in Mexico a lot of developers struggle with this in Mexico their ability to speak English is quite good but of course they're Spanish speakers so he said the language barrier can be difficult the perspective from Huawei that your political conflicts were fragmenting open-source we see this with you know the last couple of years and then also in Europe digital sovereignty is very important and European governments want to kind of cut their dependence on US tech companies so I think I've just managed to go through 67 slides in 30 minutes so thank you for suffering through this session with me I hope it was interesting and we've left some time for some questions so please ask me questions we have nine minutes yeah since you're visiting I think you're visiting Peking University right so so since you're visiting China are you comparing the open-source communities in China with that in Europe and I think to some extent the European community and the Chinese open-source community may share some common problems like a lot of the projects and their co-contributors are from the United States and we do share this so problem that we want to have more homegrown independent open-source is that are not that American so what's your opinion on this are you doing this comparative study in China so it's not the focus of my own research and I should say when I'm at beta I'm not while I'm at beta for the next six months I'm not part of Linux Foundation research it's just academic research as a PhD student my research focuses on commercial participation and I'm interested in how different types of company managed open-source software projects how collaboration takes place between companies in those projects because academics so far have only studied how companies collaborate together in community-led projects but we haven't we basically company-led projects which are very common which come in different types of different types of community structures have never been studied so that's what I'm studying however I've had three weeks there now and there's a lot of interest for my lab about doing these kind of studies and one thing that we might look at is are you familiar with scikit-learn it's a machine Python library for machine learning developed the core maintainers are mostly in France at the National French Computer Science Research Center called INRIA and for my PhD I did a study on their funding model because I think it's interesting the field of AI which is you know where most popular with the most popular open source software libraries for machine learning or AI are developed by big tech companies but they are just a few academics in Paris you know they don't earn millions and there are a few of them but they have a really strong community so I'm interested how were they able to sustain themselves and so I was speaking visited the many times and the community manager François showed me a dashboard of their contributors so he showed me a map of stargazers and about 35% of stargazers are in China and then followed by I think USA Germany UK France and so on and then when he changed to issues and pull requests and then even worse commits China goes from like you know over 30 percent to less than 3% and the USA France UK Germany go up and I asked him you know what is happening here and he said there's a fork where a lot of Chinese developers are working in Chinese and then there are a few who contribute back who can speak who are bilingual and so one of the studies where my colleague Beda and I I want to look at is the process the role process of collaboration between the fork and the actual project and then and the role of these I don't know how many I think let's say two or three bilingual developers who speak English and Chinese the role they're playing to diffuse information in two ways you know so that's something another thing is looking at I know one of my colleagues is interested in international collaboration on kitty so not just China but yeah anyway that's hopefully that answers your question any more questions we have five more minutes yeah so from your slide that some of the like most popular open source projects are maintained by a few handful of super maintainers yes so is there any study around what keeps motivates these these super maintainers in my opinion I don't think like free open source project the maintainers are doing it for free so what are those like major motivations for them to keep working on these projects thank you yeah thank you for your question here this is the so studies about maintainers my favorite study about maintainers that kind of covers this it doesn't specifically answer your question but it covers this is a book called working in open in the in public the making and maintenance of open-source software and written by Nadia eggbell and she was a researcher at github for two years where she just spoke to hundreds of maintainers that was her job and she published this book which is also I think it's open access but don't quote me on this where she basically talks about the why maintainers maintain open-source software and as you might imagine the reasons are many you know there are many reasons and the lots of factors to consider firstly is are they being paid to do this or not she has a statistic in her book which I can't remember but many are you know let's say around 50% maybe more there are many different types of projects so she gives four examples of projects she has names for them like a stadium a stadium for example is where you have a few maintainers and core developers and then lots of users basically lots of people watching it another one is like you know basically with the two attack two axes are developer contributors and users basically so they're like four quadrants and she finds in each of those quadrants so say like low use low development or low use high development high development lots of use whatever the maintainers of those different types of projects have different motivations and resources so hopefully that's a good question but basically there's no simple answer what's the name of the book again I wish I could write it down it's called working in public the making and maintenance of open-source software thank you you're welcome I think we have time for one more question okay if there are questions I just want to ask you one question you know I'm coming from Europe where everyone is talking about digital so everyone but digital sovereignty and sometimes when you're you know so deep into something it's hard to see outside so how common is this term to you are you familiar did you have you heard of this term digital sovereignty before today okay it's completely new that's fascinating yeah okay thanks that's the answer is my question what is the concept in China wait do you want to term is to do cocoon just you you you have the ability capability to control the software independently so I think that that's ideal I think it's similar to digital sovereignty it's like you own the intellectual property yeah if there are security risks and you know it you know how to fix it and you have the power to control its development and commercialization and so on yeah that sounds I think that's a Chinese term for digital sovereignty okay thank you the other term that we see being used in Europe is strategic autonomy the strategic autonomy so digital sovereignty is a subset of strategic autonomy yeah yes okay I think we're at time so I'll wrap up here thank you all very very much please if you found the reports interesting check them out on our website please feel free to ask me any questions if you see me and please forgive me for only having 18 stickers next time I'll come with more thank you