Okay, let's continue our health education part 2. So in this video I will be explaining about educational aids and the methods of health education, difference between health education and propaganda. So what are the aids used in health education? The first one is auditory aids and the next one is visual aids and the combination of audio visual aids. So auditory aids, this topic is very old because this content is taken from old textbooks. That's why this megaphones, microphones, gramophones are all here. It has not updated in recent times. So anyway auditory aids, we know we can only listen to radios, FM stations and such things. Audio sound sound amplifiers are mentioned under audio auditory aids. Visual aids we know it is mainly projected and non-projectory aids based on the projection. We have projector aids like film, cinema, film strips, lights, projectors, viascopes, videocassets, such things are projected, non-projectory. Advantages like real life situation can be enacted. self-explanatory creates special interest rather than the auditory aids. Non-projected aids are like which do not require any projections. We can do on blackboard pictures like cartoons, photographs, flip charts, flashcards, flannel boards and printed materials or leaflets, pamphlets, models, specimens all can be used. So, combination of audiovisual aids, sound and sight can be compared like televisions, tape and slide combinations, video cast players, motion pictures, cinemas and all the monthly media computers and the recent social medias and the fault blans and fault songs. All these are very old techniques because this content is taken from a textbook which is available. So, the same content is still we are studying. This is not updated. Anyway, let's see the difference between auditory visual aids and combination. So, these are the aids used for health education. So, what are the methods of health education? So, we have basically three methods that is individual group and mass approach. So, in group approach we have shock and talk, symposium, group discussion, parallel discussion, workshop, conferences or seminars or playing or social drama and demonstration. So, let's see what is individual approach. It is a one-to-one. Just like in a dental clinic or health center, we are educating a person about his health and his illness prevention beneficial diets or anything. This approach can be used by public health personnel and it is very helpful and it is motivating. It is like counseling. So, it can be a discussion, argument and persuasion can be done and we can change the behavior of people. But the main disadvantage is very small number can be in benefit because we do not queue the same attention to many group of people and it is time consuming. So, one by one we can do but it is not approachable for many people. So, it is the reach of this one-to-one interaction is very limited. Whereas, in group approach it is better than the individual approach. The first one is shock and talk lectures. This is what we learn from our schools and colleges. It should be a carefully prepared oral presentation of facts, organized thoughts and ideas by a qualified person. So, what are the basic requirements? It should not be more than 30 people. The audience, there should be an opening statement should be between 15 to 20 minutes. We know how all lectures are around one hour. So, after 20 minutes our interest will go off automatically. So, usually it should be between 15 to 20 minutes. Should be based on the topic of current interest and its effectiveness depends upon the ability of speaker to write and draw legibly. If it is good at writing and drawing the audience will be in interest. Disadvantages, it is one way communication and learning is passive. So, symposium it is just like series of speeches on a selected topic. Each speaker present a brief aspect of it that broad topic. There is no discussion. This is an important point. There is no discussion between the speakers. In the end, audience may ask questions and the chairman makes a summary at the end of the session. So, this is symposium. They don't discuss between each other. Each person comes here and express his views. At the end of the session, audience can ask questions. Group discussion is just like sitting face to face in a semi circle or a circular table around 6 to 12 members max. So, face to face situation participants should be seated in a circle. Group leaders initiate the subjects, prevent side conversations and encourages everyone to participate and sum up the discussion.  What the problem is, if somebody is shy and somebody is having less communication skill, he will lose interest and he will not get the benefit of it. Panel discussion is like 4 to 8 speakers. Just like this, there will be discussion between the panels. The panelists are discussing not like symposium symposium. There is no discussion between the panelists.  There will be a chairman or a operator who opens the session and introduce speakers and keeps discussion going. Audience are allowed to ask questions and chairman finally sums up the different views. So, this is panel discussion and symposium are confusing. The thing is panel discussion where the panelists are discussing each other which is not in symposium. Workshop, it is a series of meetings with emphasis on individual work with the help of resource person. So, total workshop will be divided into small groups and each group will select a chairman and a reporter and finally it will be summed up. So, a big problem can be part by part taken by each group of this big group then finally it can be summed up to solve the big problem. So, here many groups are divided just like this individual individual group and each part of one problem is solving and ultimately at the end of this workshop the total problem will be solved. So, conferences or seminars just like a half day or one week duration can be held regional state or national level and usually it will be having a theme for each conferences. So, role-playing or social drama it's like old technique where the puppet show size should be less than 25 and situation is dramatized to make communication more effective. So, puppet show is also social drama. Right now we have this flash mob type which is a updated version of this role-playing. So, flash mob is just like a social drama.  So, step by step we need to explain the methods in front of audience. So, that is demonstration mass approach. So, we covered individual and group approach. Next is a mass approach. The communication should be reaching to millions on lakhs. So, advantages is large number of people can be reached all social economic status have access. But the problem is it is always one way communication just like a message becoming viral, a video becoming viral nowadays in social media. The problem is it is always one way communication. Various media are television, radio, newspapers, posters, magazines, internet. So, the last part is difference between health education and propaganda. Propaganda is what just remember that propaganda is done by Hitler and all the all the leaders who are leading a authoritarian style, authoritarian style which they are very undemocratic. They are built there and kingdom by upon lies and lies. They try to convince the people lie after lie. So, that is propaganda. Now, let's see what is health education. This is just a comparison for you to remember. So, knowledge and skills are actively occurred because there will be active thinking we are telling after fact we need to press twice then black will be removed there will not be any carries. Propaganda is just like we are injecting that particular knowledge into the mind of people. They are not thinking about it. So, health education develops a reflective behavior trains people to use judgment before acting. So, develops reflexive behavior they will be very impulsive they act based on their emotion without any reasoning. So, appeals to reason and appeals to emotion. In health education it develops individuality personality and self expression but it will create a particular pattern of attitudes and behavior according to how we are propagating it. So, they won't think they won't have that logical reasoning that particular problem. So, they just accept whatever the leader says. So, knowledge acquired through self-reliant activity knowledge is won't fit because here people think what is reason for the person asking us to brush twice sleep because plaque is their plaque and harbor bacteria. So, plaque can cause bacteria can cause central carries but here they are saying just brush twice okay they just accept brush twice you will be healthy. They won't think why they are saying brushing twice is healthy. So, it is just phone fed processes behavior centered aims at developing favorable attitudes. It is information centered no change of attitude or behavior. So, health education is always based on the facts and it is based on the logical reasoning. It is always based on the emotion and there is no logical reasoning which is phone fed. So, that is the difference between health education and propaganda. It is one of the short not it is frequently asked. So, that's all about health education. So, we have covered health education under various part one and part two. Part one we have covered the definition the approaches. The approaches are administrative approach legal approach service approach health education approach and public primary health care approach. Then we had principles of health education later communication, strikes of communications and barriers. In the second part we have seen the methods of health education that is individual group level and mass level and the communication aids that is audio visual auditory and visual aids. In group approach we have chalk and talk symposium seminars conferences panel discussion workshops group discussion. The confusing part was group discussion this panel discussion and symposium symposium there is no the series of speeches where there is no discussion between the speakers but in panel discussion the research discussion between the panelist. That's all about health education. So, I will come up with a new session on this channel. Thank you.


When you're an undergraduate, at least when I was an undergraduate, there are all these wonderful books that explain relativity and electricity and magnetism and quantum mechanics. And you say, oh, this is really hard. And then you study and just immerse yourself in it until finally you can do the problems and take the quizzes and pass them and maybe even do well on them. At that point you say, well, maybe I could possibly go farther and maybe I could discover something myself. You never know when you're at the beginning how far you can go. I think that's one of the lessons that I draw from life. You never know how far you can get until you start and just try. When you enter the forest, you don't know whether there's another side to the forest. You never know if you're going to come out on the other side. But as it happens, here we are. We've had great success. You never know when you start.


Okay, good morning everyone. Okay, so today's topic is energy resources. Now, this again is a very big topic. I am only, I mean as much time as we have, we can probably only have an overview. But I am going to maybe discuss some of the conventional energies, the associated risk with them and the depletion that we are facing, the related global warming problem. And I am going to maybe share with you a few good ideas which are, we don't know really, it's hard to say at this point, you know, how the world's energy systems are going to, which direction they are going to take. We'll have to wait and see. But there are some very good ideas in which I thought I'd share with you. So hopefully you'll like at least some of them. Okay, so this is the outline. The first topic is units and terms because I understand that many of the environmental science teachers are not from an engineering background and then it's a little hard for them to navigate through the various units and the terms that are used. So I have tried to collect a bunch of the commonly used terms, the terminology as well as the units. And hopefully this will be a place you can go to whenever you are confused. But again on the open internet, you have all these various conversion tools and whatnot. So really that's not a big problem. Okay, so I have, and I'm not going to go through all these slides, but I'll just explain to you that there are these energy units, there are power units, there are heating values of fuels and then there is the higher heating value and the lower heating value that may not be very relevant to people who are not from the mechanical sciences. So people who are from computer science background or biotechnology and all that may find these terms and things not so relevant. But anyway, I still have it over there. Then there is the energy content, all these fossil fuels, they have a certain energy content. So we'd like to know per unit mass how much energy they can give. So I have listed by fuel, what is the heating values of these fuels. And then there is also a list of the carbon content of various fuels. So in other words, this also is kind of important because if you take coal for instance, which has, which is mostly carbon to generate the same amount of energy if you are using coal, then you would be emitting more CO2. Whereas if you were using methane to generate the same amount of energy, you would be emitting less carbon dioxide. So the choice even within the fossil fuels, in general, all fossil fuels are bad for global warming, but within them choosing between coal and natural gas, there is quite a significant difference because you see with natural gas methane, it is about 14 metric tons of carbon per terajoule whereas for coal it is 25. So that is quite a significant difference. Maybe people who are in the field of engineering, they can explain these things. You could read through these slides and then explain to your students some relevant aspects. The second topic which actually is beginning of this discussion is the energy resources that we currently depend upon. And what are the, how much of these resources exist? What are the risks associated with using them? And the fact that being mostly fossil fuels, they are going to get depleted. So what are the timelines when we can expect their depletion at a certain rate? So getting into this discussion, this is stuff that you probably learnt in school. There are renewable resources and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are those which actually get exhausted but can be replenished by natural processes. Solar and wind are not renewable in that sense. They are perpetual. They are always there. They do not get exhausted and then replenished. Fresh water is an example of something that gets depleted but gets replenished or biomass wood for instance is renewable because wood grows. You can harvest some wood and then it gets exhausted temporarily and then it grows back. So that is renewable. So that is why I have three categories over here. I have perpetual or continuous in which you know solar, wind, geothermal, they come into that. And then the renewable which is something that gets depleted but over a time span that is short enough as compared to the human lifespan. Over a short enough period, they get renewed. And then there are the non-renewable resources which takes, which fossil fuels in that sense, you can say that they are also renewable but it takes millions of years to get renewed. So over a, compared to the human lifespan, they are non-renewable. So it turns out that we are having this discussion because we are in the middle of a global energy crisis which is worsening day by day. And how do we define the crisis? Crisis means we are trapped. There is no easy way out. So in order to explain this, I have put together a few points which in my opinion adequately summarize the situation we are in. The first point is that we have a near total dependence on fossil fuels which are unsustainable energy sources and then there are other unsustainable energy sources also. So humanity has a near total dependence on these unsustainable energy sources. Now the use of these resources, these non-renewable, unsustainable energy sources is leading to an irreversible damage towards life support system. So what is the earth's life support system? The sense in which I use this phrase over here is related to the very beginning when I spoke about sustainable development and the Gaia theory. So these various interacting systems which maintain the biosphere and enable us to provide all the environmental functions to us. So it is that earth's life support system that I am referring to. So use of these unsustainable energy sources is causing irreversible damage to that support system. And as manifestations of that, of those impacts on nature, we are seeing global warming, various kinds of pollution, the related health problems and what not. Now these unsustainable energy sources, it is not that they are going to last forever being non-renewable, they are going to get exhausted. So some of these reserves are severely depleted and many of them are going to get depleted over a matter of several decades. It is very obvious that we cannot rely on these forms for too long. Now to add to this the rate of consumption of energy is increasing at an alarming rate. The demand is increasing and in order to meet that demand if we have to extract more and more of these already depleting sources then we are in a very precarious situation. Again if you use those energy resources then we are risking not only faster depletion but we are also certainly going to face very serious environmental impacts. You may say that this by itself is not a problem because many renewable or environmentally friendly forms of energy do exist. Agreed they do exist but presently their share in the energy portfolio is very less. In other words we are using hardly maybe less than a percent or so of renewable energy forms and more of the non-renewable. This is basically a summary slide and in the following slides I will only add detail to this discussion. Let us get into it. The first point was that we have a near total dependence on environmentally unsustainable technologies. So this is the world energy consumption by source. This is 2012 data which is recent enough and you see that the fossil fuel dependence is something like 87 percent and you know there are relatively smaller shares of nuclear hydro and some other renewable sources. So coal, oil, natural gas form the major share. If you look at India the scene is not very different. We again have a major dependence on fossil fuels up to 91 percent and so over here is the primary energy consumption. Over here is India's power generation. So which source of energy we use to generate our electricity? So it is again very heavily dominated by the fossil fuels. You have coal having a 60 percent share and then a little bit of the others. Now I am showing this slide to emphasize the fact that the electrification rate in India is low. It means that there is the demand for electricity is very high and it is going to rise. The overall electrification rate being 65 odd percent maybe the data may be a few years out of date but I think it still conveys the message. It means that our demand is going to increase. So if we have to generate more electricity it means we have to going back one slide we have to depend more on these environmentally damaging technologies. Now for what do we use the electricity? Once the electricity is generated in India what do we use it for? It turns out that we are we are using it for mainly for industry domestic and agriculture. So these are the main end use sectors of electricity in India. The commercial sector is relatively small and then 7 percent is other. So it means that these are all very essential areas in which the electricity is being used. It is not like we are using it for something that is non-essential. So the electricity is being used for essential things and that demand is going to rise and we depend in a major way on fossil fuels. So meeting that demand directly means more and more consumption of these fossil fuels. This is just some detail but maybe of interest to some people and maybe to engineers. There is a I am going to introduce the term of the base load energy and peaking energy. The electricity grid is the electrical distribution system which supplies electricity to all of us. Now that is supplied by electricity through various sources. So you may have a hydroelectric station, a nuclear power plant, coal fired power plant, a gas fired power plant. All of them are connected to the same grid. All of them are supplying to the same grid and then we are consuming that electricity from the grid. So there needs to be a certain steady generation. Now coal and nuclear very ably provide that base load energy and in some parts of the day and I am going to show you with graphs little while later. At some points in the day there is an extra need for energy. So that extra need for energy for a short duration is provided by what are called as peaking plants. So these are these are plants which will be turned on only for a certain amount of time in order to meet that demand. So the base load energy deficit in India on an average is 5.1 percent but it varies in the southern grid it is about 12 percent. In the north eastern grid it is about 17 percent for the base load and for peaking the peaking shortage on an average is 2 percent. But again in the southern grid peaking shortage is very high and in the north east also it is pretty high. So it varies from region to region some places are well off and the others are not so well off. So this graph shows how the energy demand in India is increasing and this is also representative of many countries in the world. So world over the trend is similar. Coming back to that summary slide I told you that these if we are depending on fossil fuels then there are there is a risk of depletion. For fossil fuels see nuclear and hydropower are the conventional sources. Now fossil fuels are we know they are non-renewable and oil is depleting very rapidly. There is some concept called as peak oil which I will just show you in a moment and for coal mining coal mining comes with very serious impacts and then there is the fly ash and the bottom ash waste problem apart from global warming. So there are so many problems but coal again is also limited in quantity although it is much more compared to oil. Uranium also is limited, thorium will last somewhat longer. Reprocessing is a great idea it can create more nuclear fuel and make the available reserves fossil reserves last much longer. Fusion technology we know is quite distant yet. Hydropower the issues are that many large dams have already been constructed many of these river systems they already have many dams and more dams many more dams might not be possible maybe a few more dams would be possible but maybe not in a very big way because of the social impacts. The sad part is we cannot even consume the remaining fossil fuels. So you may say that if we if the reserves of fossil fuels are depleting at least let us enjoy while it lasts even that is not going to work out because if we try to consume the existing reserves of these fossil fuels it is going to harm the environment and lead to a lot of other social problems also. So what are what are those issues? So again for fossil fuels problems which are pretty well known are the greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. There is also pollution of air, land and water particularly with coal mining there is a lot of pollution problem. What are the issues with nuclear? You have major accidents which are very rare but when they when they happen they are extremely scary. There are minor accidental releases of radioactive materials then there is a nuclear waste problem and then there are the costs of decommissioning and cleanup. When things do happen it is major cleanup that is required and then old reactors have to be decommissioned. So that again is an issue. With hydropower the risks and the costs include land submergence. I yesterday I mentioned about disruption of riverine ecosystems and flood plain agriculture. The ousties the people who are ousted or basically asked to go from their land those people not all of them get compensated particularly if they are not land owners. If they are not land owners then the government does not compensate them adequately or has not historically has not compensated them adequately and this is not only in India but all over the world. As a result you will find these major public agitations and there are if you go to YouTube there are very very moving videos on the condition of these uncompensated ousties. There are people were people staged satyagrahas and they you know basically they were ready to drown themselves when the dam waters rose.  So we have to be a little sensitive about that development is important but development at somebody else's cost is not development really. So that was a summary I will quickly take a short run through fossil fuels and what are their issues specifically. So how do we use fossil fuels? We use it in mainly three ways. The first one is you burn the fossil fuel in an engine I mean you create rotary motion and you can use it either for transportation or for generating electricity on a small scale. The second use is that you burn the fuel for heat for heating applications. And the third one is you make you heat it makes steam in a boiler, rotate turbines, operate generators, generate electrical energy and distribute it via the grid. So these are the common ways that we use fossil fuels. Now very large amounts of electricity can be generated once the entire infrastructure has been set up. So the let us say from the coal mine the railway tracks are laid to the thermal power plant then you know the mining will continuously supply the fuel necessary for the plant and then it can be in operation you know 24 7. So once everything is set up it is quite reliable and transporting coal, oil and gas there are there are different modes of gas can be transported through pipelines as well as compressed tanks and what not. But once all the infrastructure is developed then it is a fairly reliable system fairly reliable and you get good quality power it is not unreliable. So how does it all begin in the case of petroleum you get crude oil and that is deep within the earth's crust and that is extracted some there may be it can either be on land or there may be offshore oil rigs and you extract the oil there are lots of refining steps that happen to finally yield the fuel that we use like petrol or diesel or what not. Now it turns out that the oil reserves are depleting. So I had mentioned the depletion risks there is something this concept called as the peak oil crisis. So what is that when so the the curve in the in the dark line that you see the bell shaped kind of curve also known as the Hubbard curve is is the total daily oil production for a and it is it is plotted against time. So number of years what you see in in the slightly fainter lines are the is the production from each individual well. So this curve can be plotted for a region or it can be plotted for the entire world and each individual well once once it is dug it starts producing and it gives a stable production for several years and then its production kind of declines but by then a new well is drilled and that produces and then its production declines. If you add up all of these all these the production from each individual well then what you get is is this curve this curve looks more or less symmetrical. So if you are at this peak it means that half the oil on the left hand side which existed half the oil reserve of that region has been already exhausted and then on the production is going to decline. So if the production is going to decline we know that world over energy demand is only increasing it is not there are no signs of it reducing. So if the if the global energy demand is increasing and your supply suddenly reduces then what is going to happen is high prices. So we might be at this peak some say we will probably reach it shortly some say some studies say that we have already passed it and some say that we are near about the peak. So whichever the case may be in the future the production is not going to be that high there may be arguments on how long it may last but I do not think there is fundamentally an argument of whether or not it is going to last forever. So this is actual data on the left hand side and it is classified by the fuel type. So this shows a similar curve what is on the right side of this dotted line and the year 2004 what is on the right side of that is projected. So on the left hand side is the actual data. Now these burning of these fossil fuels we know that is increasing the CO2 emissions leading to climate change and we will have a separate session on climate change by another faculty member. This is just a general graph showing which are the major oil producers and which are consumers. So you take Saudi Arabia for instance the maroon or brown bar indicates its consumption and the grey bar indicates its production. So Saudi Arabia produces a lot of oil and consumes relatively smaller part. On the contrary you take a country like India it produces a small quantity of oil but uses much larger quantity of oil. So which means that the rest of the oil has to be imported. This curve and the next even this one discusses about which countries have so far historically which are the countries which have been emitting the maximum quantity of greenhouse gases and it turns out that the cumulative emissions from 1751 to 2009 US has is probably the single largest share in the greenhouse gas emissions. Europe is also quite a significant quantity and then China is also big compared to that India historically over this time period has not emitted significantly but things are changing now. Now if you take only 2009 the annual emissions then you see that China's share is bigger than US and India's share is also much larger. So in future it is going to be assuming that the developed countries will not consume much more energy but the developing countries are going to consume a lot of energy and the demand is going to continue to rise. So far the way it is that India's per capita CO2 emission is very low. If you look at the per capita and then even projected to 2030 the per capita emission of CO2 is very low. Compared to the United States where the per capita CO2 emission is very very high. I mean it is several times of that of India but again we must remember that India's consumption is low but a large chunk of the population is below the poverty line. So if all of them have to have to come up above the poverty line and if even the middle class has aspirations to consume more and more then this might not hold you know it might increase and we have a very large population compared to compared to the United States. So if having such a large population the multiplying factor is very large. So the total emissions will be significant then. So if this oil we know about the peak oil crisis and oil being limited and it might run out. So why not turn to coal? There is plenty of coal. Yes there is plenty of coal. It has high energy content. It is an energy dense fuel. In other words in within a kilogram of coal there is a lot of energy. It is easy to transport and things like that. Now there are newer technologies like clean coal technology, gasification, reformation that are coming up which reduce the pollution to a large extent. But coal is associated with with many socio environmental problems. This is a photograph of a coal mine in Bihar and you see how it has completely destroyed the land.  So these open pit mines are are a major environmental problem. There are the close pit mines where you have a you drill a shaft down and then you have these horizontal tunnels in which the mine workers go in and then they extract the coal. So they are they are somewhat better but then they are also prone to accidents because methane tends to accumulate in in those tunnels and then even even a pickaxe hit on on the mineral can ignite the methane and lead to a very serious accident. Okay coal obviously is associated with very high emissions of carbon dioxide and in the very early slides that I showed you the carbon content of coal is very high. So for the same amount of energy output coal will emit more carbon carbon dioxide as compared to diesel or petrol or natural gas. So according to some projections it may last about 50-60 years. If the current acceleration in its use continues it leads to lot of environmental damage and pollution from even heavy metals and some radioactive materials also. If the sulphur content of coal of a particular coal is high then it can lead to acid rain. There are instances where the groundwater and surface waters have also been polluted very significantly leading to lots of health problems for people around. The fly ash and the bottom ash again are a major concern. The coal fired power plants have been associated with lots of diseases and deaths of many people. So as I said you know flue gas desulfurization that is removal of the of the sulphur oxides from the exhaust. So all these are good technologies clean coal technologies they are they are good but again you cannot hide from the fact that invariably you are going to emit carbon dioxide. The carbon sequestration is definitely a good idea but again it has to work out and for some sequestration technologies what is the long term stability of that sequestration for if it is geological sequestration I mean what is the guarantee that it is not going to come out one fine day. What if there is an earthquake and earthquakes keep happening recently had earthquakes in Nepal. So I am a bit concerned about that. So if coal is bad then what about natural gas? Natural gas is supposed to be clean. Yes it is it is quite clean it once upon a time it was wasted during oil drilling because when you drill for oil and the natural gas which is accumulated in geologic formations that escapes out and then where you drill is that place may be far away from where energy is required. So there is no easy way to transport the natural gas to the place where it can be used and as a result it was just simply let out or flared. Flaring is just igniting that gas and simply burning it away. So the flaring is better than simply releasing methane because methane is a very potent greenhouse gas. So converting that methane into carbon dioxide is better but the best thing is to use it rather than simply waste that energy. Now there are public transportation vehicles that are required to run on compressed natural gas that is a good step it is a positive step. Some slight issues with natural gas are that its energy density is somewhat lower than definitely lower than coal, lower than petrol and diesel that is not such a significant problem with some minor modifications the vehicles can still run on it. Nitrogen oxide emissions continue to be a problem and the gas reserves again will probably last around 60 years according to some estimates. But as I said the global warming potential exists from two sources one is after combustion natural gas is carbon dioxide is obviously released to the atmosphere but even before combustion there are always leaks through pipelines and during handling some accidental leaks that happen. So if there is a if natural gas becomes the fuel of choice there is going to be some leak from those sources which affects the earth's climate ok. Now we have basically gone through most of the fossil fuels at least the major ones then there is a number of people who think that nuclear is the only option and for good reason there are some very strong points in favor of nuclear. What is generally thought is that these are nuclear can provide enormous quantities of very cheap energy with no emissions. It is true that it does not give any emissions of greenhouse gases there is there is some little bit of GHG emissions in the construction of nuclear power plants but I think that applies to every form of energy. So in generally the greenhouse the global warming potential of nuclear energy is very low. So we know how it works atoms are split the process of nuclear fission there are also concepts of nuclear fusion but we have not been able to make commercial reactors using fusion technology which we could but not there not there as yet. Common the most common source the nuclear fuel that is used is uranium and it is mined in various parts of the world and small quantities of uranium in a reactor can give very large quantities of energy. So there are some countries which which rely very heavily on nuclear for their electricity but in India the share of nuclear is much smaller and world over also it is not very large because there are relatively fewer countries in the world which have nuclear power. The costs of nuclear power generation are relatively cheap they are as roughly the same as coal and it does not produce carbon dioxide. So that is a very strong point. The other very strong point is that once the plant is in operation it is extremely reliable. So I talked about base load power nuclear probably is the best example of reliable round the clock base load power. But the disadvantage is that there are some very extreme risks associated with nuclear energy in general and and that they they come from the very closely related nuclear weapons weapons proliferation the handling of nuclear waste and possible accidents. So the nuclear industry probably in terms of safety is I think compared to the chemical industry it is by far better. But the problem is if something does go wrong and the nuclear waste is is going to last for an extremely long period of time. So I from the point of view of a human lifespan the there are many isotopes which are which have half lives of thousands of years. So they they remain in the environment and that is only the half life. So they remain in the environment for a very very long time. There are there are some isotopes which which decay much faster they have half lives of maybe days or a few years. So that that may be an acceptable kind of risk but with the long lived isotopes that is very different. So now you may think that the safety issue is quite exaggerated and that they have a very good track record. But it turns out that on the nuclear event scale there are the major accidents that have happened are the Fukushima disaster and the Chernobyl disaster where a lot of people have been exposed to to radiation and it is continuing Fukushima is still releasing radiation underground and to the ocean. So we do not know exactly what what the effects are going to be in the long run and in the long run as far as nuclear goes is you know many many half lives. So the some of the isotopes have already died down because they had very very short half lives. But then there are the long lived ones are a big problem. There have been nuclear plants which have which are quite notorious for several accidents and accidental releases of radioactive material that they had over the world and I have listed a few of them over here. So if you if you look at the worldwide accidents or some major accidents and some not so major accidents at power plants they are very small in number. So but they they have continued to happen even after we let us say that after Chernobyl in 1986 humanity probably learned its worst lesson but the accidents have continued even after that. So 57 percent of the accidents have happened in even the United States. It is not only like these accidents happen in Soviet China or something like that. So what I am trying to say is that the accidents are are unavoidable and they are they are bound to happen. The only issue is that the nuclear accident has unacceptable consequences whereas any other accident you know has may have implications for that generation but not for future generations. So there is a very strong issue of intergenerational ethics associated with the nuclear issue. Intergenerational meaning what gives us the moral right to destroy the environment or put the future generations the generations which are not even born today to put their lives in danger or to damage the environment for them. So these intergenerational ethical issues are are very common in the discussion of sustainability and sustainability involves the such issues. So I told you that many other accidents happen auto accidents happen in millions, chemical accidents happen quite frequently. The problem though is that the radioactivity related accidents can lay waste land for for thousands of years. I mean there is no possibility of people within within our human lifespan or within a matter of centuries which which is what we can normally imagine. There is no possibility of people colonizing that place again and the effects continue over generations. Now radioactive waste disposal has been planned very scientifically by the the nuclear industry and there are I will share some resources with you also on that but the the long lived isotopes will will remain a concern for a very long time and they they they normally vitrify the the radioactive waste and then they put it in these canisters the steel drums and then they they plan to geologically basically bury it very very deep but it turns out that they have no country has so far started doing that I mean the all this is planned and it is said to be operational in a matter of a couple of decades but so far this geological storage of long-term storage of nuclear waste has not been done. So while that has not been done there are there are other completely unethical things that that have happened and this is exactly with what the what the problem is that the planned and good ways are are yet to see fruition but the really unethical ways have have happened. This is an extreme case I mean it may not be the norm but this particular mafia clan was was paid by some countries state nuclear agencies to get rid of some drums filled with toxic and radioactive waste from advanced countries which we look up to and Somalia was the destination for dumping that waste and some of it has been dumped in the Mediterranean so they load up ships with these drums and simply sink the ship come back and claim insurance cover for that. So this is these unethical things are also there then more recently there are there is a threat of terrorist attacks and things like that. So there there is a clear intention to cause harm the what I am trying to get at is we need to probably look for systems that are inherently rugged and inherently more resilient to such issues. See there are natural disasters they are not in our control wrong intentions of human beings are also not in our control there are terrorists in the world we are living in a real world and terrorists are there and they are bound to attack. So having an energy system which is vulnerable to natural disasters vulnerable to human error vulnerable to deliberate intentional attacks is is not a secure system. So what is this physicist over here says that the future energy in a sustainable world for now let us leave some practical considerations aside let us think of a sustainable world maybe idealistic or whatever it is but let us imagine a sustainable world in that sustainable world is it better to design an energy infrastructure which is inherently resilient or is it better to design something that is vulnerable to attack vulnerable to natural disasters. So from that point of view it is better to have a decentralized system where it is very difficult for a terrorist to attack an entire country if they target a few nuclear installations they do not have to drop a nuclear bomb on you they just need to damage your nuclear reactors the radiation will spread. So this is and that is what happened with Fukushima due to a natural disaster now the tsunami was nobody had imagined that a tsunami would come or maybe they had imagined but they did not they did not think it would be that big. So tsunami hit India also so our fortunately our reactors did not have this problem but again you know accidents keep happening human error also happens Chernobyl there was a human error involved nobody did it deliberately but there was error so these things are unavoidable. So this is where I am actually getting to I am sure you are free to have your own opinion about the nuclear issue and some people do are staunch believers in nuclear energy and okay good for them but so I have some reading material and I will add some more about the pros and cons of nuclear energy you can it is a hyperlink you can you can click on it and then refer to it and then there are there is the world nuclear association also they have they have described it very well the way they plan to the long term storage of nuclear waste and things like that. There are some countries which want the storage to be retrievable so future generations if they want to use those waste for some purpose then they should have the ability to do that. So some countries want retrievable storage some countries do not want it retrievable because when it is not retrievable it is more secure okay. We looked at fossil fuels and we saw that there are problems then we looked at nuclear and we saw some of those problems. Hydroelectric is a renewable form of energy because you know water is renewed every year through the water cycle and you have the reservoirs that get filled up in the rainy season and then they get used up during the rest of the year. So hydroelectric is a renewable source of energy it is also a conventional form of energy we presently do use a lot of hydroelectric power. So why not simply scale that up there are issues the socio environmental issues which I have discussed with you but in general hydroelectric is a very good idea because it has once constructed it has low running costs there is no waste or pollution after the initial phase in the initial phase during submergence of land there may be methane emissions once functional it gives very high reliability the electricity is highly dispatchable. So dispatchable meaning it can be the production can be stepped up and stepped down at a very short notice to match the demand. So this is a very important advantage of that and in fact in a sustainable energy infrastructure hydroelectric can play a very important role and I am going to show you even a video and an animation on that. So this basically brings me to the to the end of this this session I know we have a little bit of time and I have something planned for that. Mepko Shlank Shivakashi yeah hi I would like to I would like to know what what you have written down in terms of some things that you you agree or plan to do related to the water issue. What is the difference between the perpetual resources and the energy resources? Okay renewable are things that get consumed but get replenished due to the various processes in the biosphere and perpetual is which is always there solar energy is always there. Mufakam Jha Hyderabad. Sir my question is generally we are using silicon plates to capture sunlight or solar energy what is the main reason behind using the silicon and one more question is what are the other alternatives apart from silicon? There are there are various technologies yes silicon solar cells are the the main technology for photovoltaics it has been around for a very long time but there are many other alternative technologies I will not get time to cover all that you can a simple search on the internet will pull up many things you have cadmium telluride you have dye sensitize solar cells you have copper indium gallium arsenide so many things are there many technologies are there. In our college we are having a permeable pavement for recharging the aquifers, groundwater aquifers and also in our home we are having percolation pit for recharging the aquifers with the rainwater we are planned to have in our college also this type of pit where the rainwater falls actually to the ground where it reaches to the ground these type of things actually recharges the aquifer so we will not have a scarcity during summer season right excellent.  With this activity this year we are not having any scarcity of water from our gore it is practical also this year we had a very good result with that percolation pit actually excellent that is very nice thank you thank you sir. Techno India Salt Lake Calcutta sir I would like to basically spread awareness among each and every individual in our area so that water is penned less if we belong to West Bengal where there is no dirt of water as such because we have the hoogle flowing by yes so we personally I also never have I mean the awareness is not enough when we enter the washroom we kind of accept that water is a free commodity like so if we can personally like spread this awareness I think it will be a great move in the long run. I think water quality issues are there everywhere I mean although there may be there may not be a water availability issue in West Bengal but water quality issues are definitely there I presume so maybe something could be done in that area. Yeah and in big condominiums where there is a urban population like we are all aware of these issues so therefore that sort of rain harvesting which is not quite common in our areas can easily be done this is also an awareness which we can start at our areas and neighbourhood this is what I feel. Okay excellent thank you so much knowledge institute How is the geothermal energy is used to produce the electricity sir can you more emphasis on that? Yeah geothermal energy the reason I did not see because we have many things to cover so I had to choose what to cover what not to cover geothermal energy is great where it is available but it is not available everywhere so in India there are there are relatively fewer sites where you get geothermal energy so the overall geothermal energy potential is somewhat lower there are other places in the world where it is high so basically you have heated rocks beneath the earth surface so that heat is used to generate steam so water is forced down into that strata and heated steam is recovered from another bore and that steam is used to at high pressure and that steam is used to rotate turbines so again there are no major operational costs there is no fuel as such the earth's heat is the fuel so in that sense geothermal is a great idea and it is a very good option where there is geothermal potential thank you sir we are producing the individual home to produce the rainwater harvesting tank right to improve the implementing in our house to improve the groundwater levels okay so so you are going to harvest rainwater from the roof and then recharge it to the aquifer okay that's nice so have you planned any anything to do with your students yes sir we can produce here we have many projects sir make a product project we i am from mosconology institute in the department so our students they did one project regarding that most of the ground areas covered only by road concrete surface road and bitumen road so in that the most of the rainwater is going accumulating into the drainage that water get wasted which is combined with drainage no so our student what they did one project below the bitumen surface or concrete surface we kept one filtration bed out of that there will be voids or pores inside that through the rainwater will get the Gaussian to the filtration and then it will directly go to the ground surface and that will be increased the groundwater level of that surrounding area that is one of the project we have did and it is implemented in some in our college campus it is in process right now sir wonderful that is for road surface thank you so much for sharing it tejpur university sir yesterday you were talking about this sanitation program and you were comparing india with china and bangladesh yes and you said that for sanitation india is lagging behind yes and at the same time you were talking about water conservation yes so for sanitation sir we need lot of water yes in my opinion this is contradiction so what you feel for this yes good point i i i am a little surprised that the message didn't go through because i had i had juxtaposed these two things only to bring out this this contradiction now the the issue is if you have at at one end we require sanitation and sanitation need more water so it worsens the water crisis so that is why i said that there are alternative ways of providing a effluent treatment as well as so with watershed management if you you can make more water available and that water which has been made available can be used in an efficient way so rather than flushing down good drinking quality water in most of our cities there is only one quality of water which is which is supposed to be drinking quality water and that is what we we fill in our overhead tanks and that is what we flush down the toilet also so that that is not a very intelligent way of using water so that is why i showed you examples of grey water recycling and of even to the extreme extent of dry composting toilets so dry composting toilets do not require any water if we are in the conventional mindset where sanitation or a toilet means the kind of flush toilets that we are used to then it it leads to a problem but there are alternatives and moreover even if you are using water but that water is recycled grey water recycled grey water is is okay to flush you do not require high quality water to to flush down the toilet so alternatives are there in fact in my talk itself i have given alternatives and there are people are very innovative we just have to look around there are so many excellent examples in this country and and outside of this country that people have have come up with so we should among the various options available which are the ones that we choose and adopt the choices is in our hand so i am so glad that you pointed out this thing that contradiction was deliberately there and in fact i thought that i had brought out the contradiction but it now now it appears to me that that contradiction was not brought out effectively so i take the blame for that that i was not able to successfully communicate that sir the one thing i am i would like to ask you in this presentation one thing when when we are when i will go and see this topic of energy what will be the future for the energy because each source of energy has some pros and cons nuclear energy has some positive and advantage disadvantage hydroelectric thermal but what what will be the future what is the solution that is something is missing in this presentation which i feel that what will our vehicle happens when all the fossil fuel exhausted yeah good question let's consult an astrologer what will the future be no my my this is only one session i have the next session in which i'm going to talk about solutions thank you thank you so much


So we're here at the MHL booth and you're talking about productivity over here. Yeah, so welcome to the World Congress for MHL booth and we'll show you the latest of productivity here. Here we're showing the smart book application. I'd like to introduce you to Gordon, a founder and lead developer for Andronium OS. Thank you, Rob. So what we have today here is the MHL smartphone concept that we're partnering with Silicone Image Development. So on the left side we have an Android smartphone that's running Stump Android. User can use to develop Stump Android. What is this phone? This is actually a reference design from Silicone Image. It's a Reagan Tech reference design. So this is a 6582 quad-core media tech. It's relatively low-end, designing for more emerging markets, 2G, 3G capability. This is like the Android One spec. This is a future-proof Android. But then did you modify? Yes, we did custom modification. We added a guest OS on top called Andronium OS. So what we have now is a stock launcher. So did you modify Android to support this Android? Minimum modification. Most of it is done with partnership with MHL. What we have here, as soon as we've plugged in, the laptop dock here is going to go into a desktop productivity mode. So is this a different UI on top of Android? It's a guest OS on top of it. It's a different OS. It's a guest OS. So it runs on top of Android using a lot of Android standard capabilities. But what we did is we added the ability to multi-pass within Android as well. So you used the base layers of Linux that are also Android. Yes. But you put more different stuff on top. Is it related with what kind of Linux? It is still very much Linux kernel, very much Android OS. We added a custom UI rendering, some memory management capabilities, as well as some app tracking lifecycle management. So for example, what we have here is a web browser running simultaneously when they file explore. Is this a webkit? This is a webkit using Chrome rendering engine. So is the blink latest? Unfortunately this is 4.4.2. So it doesn't use the latest engine yet. Nice. 5.0 will be using latest engine. So you have multi-window? Yes, multi-window support. And then we can go into, let's say, music or video and we can... Let's go into the movie. That might be easier. We can bring... Do you have hardware accelerated video playback? Yes, absolutely. So this is 720p video. You know, with our hardware acceleration, you can never get it to run on such a low-end device. So this is using the full capability of Android device underneath it with all the GPU acceleration, platform thread management. It's just the fact that we added custom code on top and allowed it in order to multi-cast. So can you talk more about the guest OS, the guest OS mode? So since when did you start working on this? This is a project that I started, that I was thinking about before I left Google. So originally I pitched this idea to Google to do it internally, but they're past. So I decided to leave Google to pursue this project on my own. What were you doing at Google? The secret? There's not much secret, security. So cloud security. Cloud security. Not in the Android building. Not in the Android building. Different department, Google Play. Yeah, Google is funny. It's an awesome company, but they have a limited amount of engineers working in Android. It's very small. It's not very small, but they're very focused. So they don't work across a lot of orders around. They usually like to focus on the project they're working on. So for me, it was a project I was interested in doing. I wanted to work on it part-time, but Google kind of passed on the concept. So I decided to do it on my own. So cloud security, that means your solution is secure and it uses the cloud or not? It's for a different company. So this is an offline OS. So in fact, we're actually not connected to the internet at the moment. It looks a little bit like an Ubuntu. It does. It's designed to be a mix of OS X and Windows. A mix between OS X and Windows? The look and feel. So for example, we have the password on the bottom. We have the start menu. It has expanded app selections. And we have app shortcuts on the side. You have what on the side? Shortcuts for application shortcuts. Next to the start menu. Everything is resizable, movable. How about the windowing manager, the hardware acceleration and the UI of the windowing? What are you doing? It is another software tool kit that we're using that Android itself lacks. So we developed on top of it. It is using hardware acceleration. What is it? Is it based on something that's open source? It's what also Samsung uses for their multi-window. For example, Facebook uses it, Samsung uses it for their multi-window support. Facebook? For Facebook? For messaging. When you open the message, there's a chat head. That's also based on the same tool kit. That's an API for Android kind of stuff, right? It's a custom API, not evil. So it's not a standard Android implementation. It's a custom library. Can this be more optimized, more improved, more speedy? Well, put it this way. This is on a very low-end device. This is a quad-core Cortex-A7. Yeah, quad-core Cortex-A7. What more can you do? What more can be done? Let's say you get a ton of resources to smooth it out and make it like the next Windows. I think the next step for us is releasing the SDK in an app store. Fundamentally, that allows third-party developers to come in and take advantage of the native OS underneath. Again, we're talking about a lot of process management, application management, so they have to use a custom SDK and join them in SDK in order to write the app for it. Can you go into the start menu again? Sure. So in the start menu, are you showing the Android apps that are on the phone or are you showing something else? Awfully. So there's Andromium apps, which is apps written using Andromium SDK. There's some Andromium apps, which one? The browser? The browser, Power Explorer. We can bring up Calculator too. Calculator too? Yeah, Calculator. And then there's a line sweeper. It's kind of a demo game. And all this we're running on a quad-core Cortex-A7. And then multi-passing at the same time. Multi-tasking. You have a video running in the background. Video running. The phone is right there. You cannot still do Android while it's doing this, no? No. You have to choose one or the other? So it's in here. So you can have the phone screen on and off by design, by normally the screen is on. But we've made additional modifications to make sure that the screen stays off on the laptop dock. So is this a Macop display? No, it's there. No, no, it's there. So you can see it's alive. It's live mirroring. Live mirroring. Could you keep Android here while this happens there? It's currently not part of the development life cycle. We're not looking at capability yet, but it might be something down the line once we have the first version out. What would be required to have that work? Is more performance, more something? More performance. Also the rendering kit has to be changed. Right now, Android is not designed to be rendered live simultaneously on two different screens with two different content. There's more design for mirroring capabilities. So how do you do that guest OS? Did anybody ever do this before? Is this how Ubuntu did the dual switch? Actually Ubuntu do OS side by side. So they run Ubuntu as a separate OS from Android. So what that means is the fact that they use twice as much RAM, they have entirely sealed off from each other. So you reuse the Android parts? Absolutely. How hard is it to do that solution? Is that like a magic that you're doing? A lot of the work is basically put into it to make it that work. In order to make it as a guest OS, we make sure the fact that we play well with Android, so we respect their memory management life cycle, we respect their network capability as well, and then we can actually run Android apps, as you can see. How did it look? It would be an old spin app. So you have a supportive apps? Yeah.  Every Android app is okay? Most Android apps. So some Android apps doesn't work that well. Because there's no touch? Some of them override the screen display capability so they don't display the same kind of information. Which one was that? So this is a WPS office. That's a big one. Yeah, so it's an open office form. That's a big Android app. And then you can see they can actually support pretty events, Excel spreadsheet. We can go back. We can do PowerPoint.  So that's a pretty big app. It's probably like 50 megabytes or 100 or something. More than that. And actually, in order to run this app, we actually have to shut down all the Android apps. We have enough RAM. So don't forget. How does that work? So we basically, Android will send a signal to the rest of the application stacks. They will lower memory, please clean up yourself, making sure that you don't crash the entire OS. When that happens, we actually closes all the available apps. And that's automatic? It's instant? It's something we design into the OS. It's custom behavior. And you instantly resume back to where you were? Everything? Some, when it cleans up, we can resume. But on most apps, if they're running, they should be able to go back. So for example, we can see that it should go back to PowerPoint. Right? So we try to keep the app that the user is working on currently as the most urgent app. And then everything else will clean us up. Nice. It looks really good. So then you have, let's say, Gmail. It's not your personal Gmail, right? No. I think it's a work email. It's not even set up. OK. And then it's going to look like, if it was Android. And then you have this little Android bar in the top. So this is what we do to allow the multi-class with Android apps. So it allows you to minimize the apps. And then it takes this? Whoa, and it's still there? Yeah. And then you can close and it will go away. So it's a way to work together with Android, standard Android apps. Of course, if you use Android SDK and create Android Maps, then you get additional capability like resizing, application management. You can also get app information sharing between apps as well. This is really fantastic. Thank you. So you have a Kickstarter. What happened? What did you do? We made it about two-third of our campaign go. We were not able to be successful funding on Kickstarter. What was the goal? The goal was 100,000 to create a thought that you can pump your smartphone into. Yeah. Since then, we're kind of working with different partners while right now working with Silicon Image for this project, the smartphone project. It looks fantastic. Yeah, absolutely. What is the biggest request, feature request from the people seeing your Kickstarter page? I think a lot of people want it for their phone. Like, fundamentally, we started with Samsung phone. People said, you know, I want it for my HCC phone. I want it for my Sony phone. I want it for my Motorola phone as well. Can you make it open source? Everybody can figure it out? We open source the SDK, so that way people can develop for it. We're going to try to work with manufacturers and also work with the developer to make sure we can get as much phone as possible. You don't want to make the whole Andromium open source? Maybe down the line. Because if you do, you'll be number one. You'll be dominating everything. Maybe down the line. But currently, we're only planning to open source the SDK part. What's the business model also? Are you going to license? We're going to work with some manufacturers to do some customization for their device. That might be one way of doing revenue. Another way of doing revenue is we plan to have an app store. We might do the same kind of cut, Google Play Store and Apple App Store does, 70-30 cut. We also have some discussion with wireless telecoms, the fact that we're going to work with them to do revenue sharing as well. That is still in discussion, so we don't have a lot to report on at this point. Did Lollipop help with this in any way? Actually, it helps. It has better security for the web browser. Better security for the web browser. But unfortunately, Lollipop also restricted a lot of the OS. So now we have to work harder in order to make the guest OS kind of happen. Is this Lollipop or not? This is KitKat. This is KitKat right here? Yeah. Do you have it working on Lollipop? We do. We have users on our public data, which is on Play Store right now. It's running on their Nexus device. So Nexus 4 and Nexus 5. The feedback has been just as good. So there's been no issues on Lollipop. It's just the fact that we have to make some extensive code changes in order to support it. Is this a Play Store? Google Play Store. So you just installed from Play Store, it works? Yes. You don't need to change the firmware? No. So right now we're running it on a Samsung Note 4. In fact, they just downloaded from the Play Store and run it as it is. And this is the UI you can get right here. Let's see. This one has no wireless connectivity so we can actually see it. Can you also launch... Do you have Chrome? Yes. How does it look? It goes full screen? It goes full screen. It's by design. Any Android app will go full screen. But we still multi-task side by side with any Android apps. Nice. So you can only multi-task side by side the Android meal maps? Exactly. Because the fact that we... They write that out. We are SDK. So we can control their technology versus their Android apps. We cannot. All right. And we do like this. So we can compare BBC in both browsers. One is optimized for kind of like desktop use. The other one is more like... It's going to show even the mobile page, I guess, maybe. Maybe CNN will show mobile. As well as the FDBC. Mobile. But you are default to desktop mode right here. Yeah. Cool. How do you full screen? Plus... Plus... There you go. Cool. Very nice. And then you can always just come back to Chrome right here. Yeah. Cool. And once you have this installed... So it's kind of like the behavior. It's kind of like a home replacement? It's not a home replacement. It's an OS that launches when it detects all the capability. It can be connected to an external monitor. It has a keyboard and mouse. It also has your power plugged in. So you use a lot of native code? No, not exactly. We use some native code to manage the window framework management. But most of it is still standard SDK. So not very few thing uses NDK. But how can you launch another OS just by going through the Play Store? The main thing is... Well, it's not a Play Store, per se. It's the connection. All the components are there. And then we launch our OS as an app on top. It's just the fact that, for example, our OS includes past management capabilities as well as information and window frameworks. It just works. In fact that we're asking our user to try it. Is this a lollipop? That's a lollipop. It's a KitKat. This is Sony here. Are you on this? Sony is demoing MHL running on 4K display. But you're not on this phone? We can. But if it's just on Play Store, why doesn't it run on every MHL device? For one, it's the fact that a lot of it you still have to have the cable and have to have an external keyboard and mouse. Not many people have a Bluetooth keyboard and mouse lying around yet. If you have a special MHL to an HDMI connector you can buy online. So every MHL phone supports this? Only some? Every MHL phone that has KitKat 4.4.2 and above. How many people installed your app so far? Right now our beta tester is a little bit over 2,000. In about 20 days so far beta testing. Everybody can download it now for free? They can try it out for free. Alright, it's fantastic. It's really cool. And if you don't have a MHL can you still do the Andromium on the phone only? It doesn't trigger if you don't have a MHL. We allow you to manually launch it. Let me close this. So right now some of our users are trying out on homecast. Using homecast you can still get the same capability except there's a little bit more added latency. So if you have a good home wireless network setup but gaming is a little bit harder using homecast. But for standard web browsing watching videos homecast works absolutely fine. Cool. So I'm hoping to see a few hundred million of these. How big do you think it's going to be? I think eventually this will be the form factory replace laptops and even desktop computers because smart phones nowadays are so powerful. Why carry additional laptop device? Why has a separate OS has a separate hard drive when all you want is one device contain it all and then use it for different means. For example productivity, gaming or just on the go browsing. So I think this will be the form factor of the future. Already two or three years ago the smart phones have overtaken a laptop sales. And now it's totally destroying a laptop sales. Nowadays a cheap window laptop comes with two gigs around. A mid-range smart phone comes with quad core and two gigs around. And you have high end smart phone that's going to be four gigs around. You could include the laptop as a bundle but cheaper than the windows laptop. And people want this and they want that so you need both. You need a cool UI, cool software to make it work. So the long term is for the smart phone project. Silicon Image is trying to launch this at a price point of about $200-$250. That's it. This is the box that should be shipping social network smart book. So there's a launch partner that they're still finalizing in detail on. But it will be a large and joint manufacturing that will be launching this. Probably starting in India, maybe South America and then South Pacific Asia at the beginning and slowly move to Europe and US at a later date. Nice. This is happening for sure. Yes. Because you're still kind of like in a Kickstarter kind of mode, right? If you had all the resources that you wanted. If you had a whole bunch of what is the next thing you need to do? The next thing right now is we need to get the SDK ready. The SDK right now is still being refined. We're only using it for internal development. The next step is release it for external developers. So Android developer can use our SDK to create an Jo-Mia map. After that, once SDK is released, we can have an app store. We're going to put an app store out there developer can publish free apps or pay apps and we have to have a payment system set up as well. So those are one step at a time. If we have unlimited resources, we would do all those today. Nice. So this is it. It's coming out. And we'll see you right there.


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We got the whole squad here, man. Even Gary. What's up, Gary? What is up you guys of Bikini Bottom today?  It's a little old But I mean this mod looked pretty awesome, and I mean who doesn't like Spongebob, so let's begin with this mod And it should be awesome. Let's go to single player Bikini Bottom Of course, I got a Bikini Bottom map because it only has to be right. Okay, so we're in the game already And we're here with the bike. Say what's up bike? Oh my god, okay. Okay, so as we can see we have a little bit of madness going on in here already All right. Oh, hold on. Let me open the land for you. Let's get by in here start land world I should be able to join Right you guys so as you can see we got like mr. Krabs here. We got sandy if you click on them they talk See what she says Wait, why why is she talking? Play something. Okay, and then this car says Bikini, but please No, I have no idea what that's all about. Okay. I don't want to go to the butt place Where am I right now? Okay, mr. Krabs. What do you have to say Spongebob?  In the floor Where oh, yeah, I see your name. You're all the way like down.  What are you doing at Squidward's house? Get out of there before he sees you when he gets angry All right.  Oh my god. That is a terrifying Spongebob, man Okay, as we can hear that his mic is impersonation to Spongebob the laugh All right, so you see all these characters around here. We got look at what is Patrick doing? Oh, everybody's here. We got the whole squad here, man. Even Gary. What's up, Gary? It's getting stale. Okay, so parents. I'm gonna go check out Spongebob's house. I'm gonna go in here real quick to see if anything Is anything cool in here? All right, where are you at? Come inside. All right, there you go All right, so you want to give us a tour of your house Spongebob? Show you my house. All right. Let's see what this guy Is gonna show us my favorite room right here. This one. Okay. Let's go in here. Wait. Oh, this is actually a closet What is this? No, wait, I see something right here lever. Oh Oh goes downstairs. Oh remember. Um, he had like a library under his house. Oh, yeah I think this is what it is Oh my god, and it is. Oh, look at this place. That's the whole library down here, man It's pretty cool. Okay. So this is pretty neat down here Oh, look, I have all right.  And then we got Squidward right here. He was squittered He's talking in different language He's talking like Jeremy the Russian Yeah, it sounds like Squidward. They're like a different language. What in the world is going on here? Oh gary sandy Sandy doesn't say a thing. She's just quiet I don't know, man. I see mr. Krabs talk to mr. Krabs helmet on It's like a different language. You hear that? I think it is, huh? It is We got plankton here. Hey plankton. Oh my god.  Oh my god. What is he doing? Yo, no, he just got Spongebob Why don't I have a weapon? Oh my god It's gonna take forever to defeat this guy. Hold on. Let me see if there's a gun or something Hey, i'm like spider-man right now. Oh, is this a krabby patty gun? Oh, look at this. I got a krabby patty. Oh, oh my god This thing is OP Hey, I just covered a whole new like place over here. Oh that is Oh my god. Okay. Okay. He's like gone. Yeah He's still talking Wait, what is this in here? Um, this is like under the building of everything. I don't remember this room I don't know. Let's get out of here. I'm gonna go back up to the top. How do I I'm just gonna blow up the top because I'm totally lost I'm just gonna blow everything up here. Oh, no way to teleport us back. So we have to go in here Oh, okay. Let me open this we have to go back in here and the teleports is back Right, there you go And I don't know I'm out of this house. Oh, you're outside. I see you Am I outside? Oh, no. I'm right here. Look. Oh, no. I just blew up the pad. It won't teleport us I think we're stuck in here forever No Oh, no, but what if we just fly all the way up fly all the way up Yeah, that's the best. I was just blowing everything up Get out of my way Dude, I have no idea what's going on. Oh my god. We're like in the middle of the earth.  Okay, there we go. Oh my god. It's so dark Hold on. Let me change you tonight. I mean to daytime. It's a little too dark out here We were in the middle of the earth right now. Yeah, we were like in the core Oh my god All right, so that was something else man. All right, so let's go have a look around the map to see what else is here Okay, so we got squirtiwards house right here. That's pretty cool. And then we got patrick's house I'm gonna check out patrick's house. Let's see if they added anything in here Okay, so we have a bed in here This is a pretty cool house All right, it's pretty simple. Let's get out of here bad I don't want to live under a rock like patrick I'm trying to see what else we have on here that I could Yeah, let's see, uh They have a lot of this has a missile shooter King jellyfish. I'm gonna try this missile shooter Oh And it just crashed the game Yeah, when I spawned the jellyfish No, it was the missiles. I had a missile shooter thing five minutes later All right, you guys so we kicked this out of the game because I spawned this missile launcher and it destroyed everything right here As we can see But then Mikey spawned that giant king jellyfish But I kind of want to fight that thing But I mean I can't shoot it with the missile launcher because it'll crash the entire game I'm gonna try it all the weapons. They have a lot of weapons here I mean it wouldn't hurt just to try it out. So let's try these bad boys. They even have a spatula Okay, so right now we're gonna try out the pirate gun Oh Oh my god, it's pretty strong Okay, so oh that thing is definitely strong. We killed the jellyfish like in two shots Okay, so now we got the blowpipe. What does this do? Wow, it just shoots like darts. Okay. Oh bubble maker. Oh, this is cool. You can actually blow bubbles Hey, let's go. Where are you at? You still haven't done it All right, so we're back in the game. Mikey was having all other bubbles. I was playing bubbles Oh bubbles. I know a lot of bubbles. I was trying out the guns. All right, so we got the what is this a krabby patty gun Doesn't even shoot this thing is alive man. Right. So oh, this is a wait. Why aren't the krabby patty guns shooting? Okay, I don't know but we got a spatula. Can we flip some patties with this? I think we can this is pretty cool All right, so oh look we got the airport. Where are you at? Get a big jellyfish right here. Is there? Oh, there's another one. Uh-oh. Okay, so only the bargain mart. Dude, they have everything here This is the bank. I believe over here Let's rob the bank man. Oh, this is mr.  Of course, he's not gonna be home. Okay, so we got bikini bottom We got like oh even the calp juice remember the calp episode. Yep. They even got this in here Okay, so they got wait the sponge bomb have like a carnival. I don't remember seeing this.  Yeah, where they go to the fair And they have like the balloon, but it's like the glove They even have the glove right here like the shape of it. It's pretty awesome I'm over here by sandy cheeks house Next is a jellyfish field. You see the jellyfish field Let me see y'all look for you right now Dude, they did the whole thing like the dome and everything of sandy's a house. They really got everything, bro I'm gonna go in here. I'm gonna check out our house Wait, we need to re-enact that that uh over here What we're here. Do they have a jar of water? I'm gonna check if they have a jar of water We need to recreate that too It's a bucket of water. It might be the closest thing Come over here Mike. Come to sandy's house Okay, that's a potion Oh my god, come on. It's a giant dome made out of glass. You can't listen. I know I'm trying to look for it You see I see an airplane. They have hot cocoa. Oh, I'm by the airport right now I think you're on the opposite side Oh, I am. Oh, I see the chum bucket with chum bucket. Yeah, I'm definitely that I just think I saw that I think it must be on the opposite side of me I got the bargain mark bargain mark. Oh like what is this doodle bomb? I think they got doodle bob in here Oh doodle bob.  You know what? I'm tired of you. Oh I just shot one. Okay. Can we shoot more? Uh-oh. Oh wait, they're actually in there I'm shooting them, bro. I'll take him down Right, so where are you at? You still haven't found it? No, I'm looking around the whole city, man. Oh my god. Why are you at right now? I don't see your name tag anywhere Okay, right now. I see you. Look come straight ahead. Come straight. Oh, there you are. I'm shooting that too Right, so finally, I'm going the right way. Finally, Mikey can uh, I mean finally we fight Mikey All right, so we're gonna create the scene We're near the water Oh, no, I just placed water No place of black Okay, that's not gonna work Hold on. Hold on. Hopefully this makes it disappear. We need to spawn sandy too. We need to spawn sandy in here All right, get her in here, man. Okay sandy.  There you are. How you doing? Right? What sandy? Right, whatever. Hey sandy. What's up, man? What's up sandy? How you doing?  It's pretty awesome. Oh, I see the doodle guy Yeah, doodle bob dude come in her house. It's pretty awesome because it has like stairway going up to her bedroom I think this might be the best house That they made they're really nice. Oh, it's big. Yeah, this thing's legit. It's a big tree. Oh right behind you Oh, this is the workout though. Oh the bed looks nice. You got a I was gonna try to sleep, but it's not a minecraft bed. So you can't lay in it Up out of this place, man.  I don't care anymore sandy has to say Wait, is the fire spread even on in this because if it's not then there's no point in doing this I don't think it is Okay, so it's not gonna catch on fire entirely then Yeah, because the spread isn't on Man, that would have been awesome to see bernie. Oh the flying dutchman. Oh, they have a flying dutchman They have a lot of stuff, huh? Yeah, oh, I have a cell phone. I'm gonna see what this is about Call what call squirt word. Oh, you could call people on it. I'm calling squirt word It's ringing Yo, what's up squirt word?  I mean, that's typically how squirt word would be, you know, okay, I would call patrick now I'm trying to do all the voices That's not like that All right, let's see flying dutchman. Oh, there he is All right, you gotta be speaking like a different language. I don't get it I can see you right here.  Yo I see you just staring at me Yo, go away Okay, he's not answering bro. That's messed up. Oh, what's this? Oh, I'm calling the claps I'm calling the police on you, bro They hung up on you. Oh, what is that? I don't know. Oh my god.   Oh, no, I killed sandy with the krabby patty.  I'm so sorry Yo, there's a leprechaun right here. Oh, no, it's a flying veteran It's a flying veteran Doesn't he look like a leprechaun He's like look at all the plankton's where Dude, you can't see them because they're so short You have to like fly so you can see them. Do you spawn a lot of plankton's?  Spawn him. What do you mean? Should I spawn him? What kind of question is that? Where is it at? I see a figure There's two of them. So I'm uh, I think you can even maybe get on it Okay, let me see. There's there's two of them. Here's one of them. Okay. Where?  Yeah, he looks scary. You can ride one of them. You can ride one of them. Okay. I'm gonna try to ride this guy I can't ride him. You lied to me. Wait. Am I riding him? No, it's not riding Why won't you ride? Where's the other one? Oh my god. He spawned two of them Yeah, wait. Oh my god. He ate the dolphin guy Wait, he ate somebody? Yeah They're eating people.  No Leave them alone. All right, you guys.  Oh, okay, whatever. Oh wait, I think he's gonna try to find the other ones Oh my god Dude, they're fighting the Dutchman. Oh my god.  I'm out of creative mode then Okay, so I have a crabby pad again.  Yes These dudes are OP man Wait, oh what I spawned right on top of the whole uh map Really? Oh, you don't even hear anywhere. I'm like on top of it like outside the dump game mode Oh, let me go back to creative mode Oh, they're fighting. They're fighting. Yeah, I want to see that. We're uh, all right. So I'm over here. Um, where is your house? Yeah, they're very slow Okay, I think her house is this way Is it this way?  This whole map is beautiful. Oh, dude. I forgot I got Neptune's weapon.  I went up in flames.  Everybody's fighting over here So, how do I get back down? Is in there.  Oh my god. Look at Mrs. Puff What is she saying Dude, she looks so weird Get out of here I'm a defeated because she looks so weird.  Come on. Let's get out of here spud mom Dude get out of there, man. Wait, can I I can't jump with spud mom? That means I'm trapped in here forever. Let's get come on Break this. Oh, no, he's taking damage. Are you were smacking him? Yeah, yeah, oh my god. Okay. I'm stuck here, man. I can't find it's so hard to control this Hold on. Wait. Let me get out of this place. Can you break this for me? Yeah I can't break it. You look so funny right now. Wait, I can't get through there. Wait.  All right, man. Well, is there anything you want to say fake spongebob? And Oh my god. All right. All right, you guys. Well, this was a minecraft spongebob 1.7.10. Oh god Wait, why is he moving on his own? Well, I don't know my too Anyways, I'll leave the I'll leave the link for you guys in the description for those that play minecraft and want to check it out But remember it is on 1.7.10. Well, thank you guys for watching. Thank you guys for amazing support If you guys enjoyed the video make sure to slap the like button Channel duty will shut up make sure to subscribe it and I'll see you guys in the next one. Bye


What's going on y'all welcome to the single guy channel. I am not the single guy So today we're going to talk about a subject that you're probably worrying about if you clicked on this video Which is is she seeing another guy now? Let me be very clear about what this video is and what this video isn't if you are someone who's been in a long-term Relationship or a marriage for like 10 years This is probably not going to be as relevant as it is going to be for someone who has been talking to somebody for a little bit Again, this is a dating channel not so much a relationship or a marriage channel Okay, so this is kind of for that beginning stage where let's be real most of the time when some people two people start dating They might not be the only two people that they're talking to they might be talking to a variety of other people But what I've noticed with women is that if you've been seeing a girl for a few months or something like that You know, she's probably not talking to so many guys at that time Maybe she might have some backups, but if you're the main guy she's interested in you'll kind of feel secure about it Now a lot of times when women have decided that the guy that they're seeing is not the main guy for them They're not as interested and they want to see another guy Then you'll start to see some of these tendencies So if you're worried that you might be in this position where she's seeing somebody else that she likes better Or she's just seeing somebody else that I would highly recommend that you watch this video Now if you get one of these things it might not be cause for you know total concern But if you're getting all of these it's pretty certain that she's seeing another dude Now you have to decide what you're going to do after that I'll give you some recommendations based off of my experiences and experiences with my clients about what to do in that position So let's get started Number one is she starts acting different for no reason Okay, so maybe you've been talking to a girl for a while and you know, it's been like a month You've been seeing you've been dating and things have been going great. She's been responding to your text messages super quickly She's on call right away and then she's excited to hear from you She gets back to you in a reasonable amount of time, but then for some reason she starts taking maybe a day to respond She starts taking a week or whatever and maybe there was a trip to Cancun in between there Maybe she went on a vacation to a different city and then she starts acting like this Well chances are she probably met somebody on that trip and she's having doubts about the current situation that you guys are in Or she's seeing that other guy like I said When the women are talking to two guys at the same time is very difficult for them to put their best foot forward For both guys. All right, so if she starts acting different for no reason There's probably a chance that there's another guy who came in to the picture To she begins to withhold sex So some women can sleep with multiple guys at the same time But I would say most of them don't enjoy doing this You know if you look at the surveys of women most women usually like to be only having sex with one guy I've done that have this in my experience.   I'll talk about what to do after I go to the five things number four She doesn't respond when she's out. So if she says she's going out with her girls She's like oh, what are you up to this week and she goes Oh, I'm just going out with my girls and then you like maybe you text her that night and before maybe she had been responding When she was out because she missed you now. She's not responding at all. Okay rarely hear from her There is a chance she's gonna be responding There is a chance she's gonna be looking at her phone But it might not be to answer your text message and that's the unfortunate part And she might be out with that other guy that she's going out with that's another possibility now I would say most of the time if you just get this one thing and She's out and she doesn't respond.   You're now you're in this conversation where you don't trust her and those kinds of things What she's trying to do is she's trying to deflect from her obvious suspicious activity Okay, women and people this is true for both men and women they will rarely rarely Come to terms with their own misgivings, especially in front of somebody else when somebody's being dishonest They will usually lie more To get themselves out of that situation then come clean with the truth And that's why if these things are happening to you if you come up to her and you're like hey listen Like I just want you to be honest with me. I just want you. It's okay. It's totally fine. You can be honest with me I'm not gonna get mad. She will still lie It's not your job to try and get the truth out of her It's your job to try and find the right thing for you and that's really the moral of this story So I'll tell you a little story about kind of what happened with me so I had a situation like this happened a while ago and This girl who I've been on and off with for a while You know, I knew that she was probably seeing another dude and I saw a lot of these tendencies happening and Look, I like the girl and I thought we were cool. I thought we were doing was like, you know more casual Yes, I had feelings for her But the more that I impressed this on her the more that I was like dude, it's okay. You can tell me It's fine the more she would lie about it until eventually like we just got so mad at each other that we stopped seeing One another and it killed any sort of like friendship We could have had after the dishonesty was just too great What I should have done was I should have probably just decided You know what her behavior in and of itself is not a reason for me to stay with her Whether she's seeing somebody else or not. I don't want to be with this kind of person. That's treating me this way That's blowing up on me for no reason. It's calling me crazy That's not responding in a timely timely fashion, which if that's important to you, you know You should find someone who is going to do that for you Okay, so you need to have standards for yourself and it shouldn't matter what the reason is Okay, decide for yourself if you want to be with this person as she is Don't worry about whether she's sleeping with somebody or not or seeing somebody else or thinking about Somebody else more than you her actions should be enough to justify your actions and in my recommendation I don't know if I'd stay with the person who's treating me that way So I would probably find someone who will treat me the way that I want to be treated And that's what I recommend for you guys. Cool. Well, thanks for watching you guys If you made to the end consider subscribing and look if you're a woman who's watching this I guarantee you most of these things would be applicable for you know If the roles were reversed men and women do a lot of the same things in these categories Okay, we're both people and so, you know, you see a lot of these tendencies it happening But these are just the things that I've seen as a dating coach for men. Cool Well, thanks for watching you guys if you want to get coached by me. There's a form down below I also have access to courses teaching you how to walk up and talk to any woman anywhere And also a link to get on my email list. So you can take a look at that. Thanks for watching you guys