All right, so this question keeps coming up a whole lot And this is five creepy things your ISP could do if Congress appeals the FCC's privacy protections Now the argument they're using about these privacy protections says that the FCC shouldn't be in control of them so the FCC's can control the privacy protections because ISPs fall under the FCC guidelines because when they say ISP or internet search writer They're referring to not just your One's bringing in internet to your building or to your home They're talking about companies like Verizon and AT&T who also provided to your phone So all of this for it falls under the FCC is so far have they ruled it and They have protections in place because these are the things that they were doing that created these protections These protections haven't been on haven't been around for too long But the idea they are there because of the things ISP did so it's not a what if it's what they did Caused this to action to be taken to put these privacy steps in place. So here's some of the things the ISPs were doing They were selling your data to marketers. So this was a common thing They have personally identify identifiable information or they refer to as PII That is things like your home address your personal details of this So they can see traffic and where you're going on the internet And then they can sell that as a statistic to marketing companies and they can specifically list you and your home address So they're tying this together very tightly hijacking your searches Yes, they got caught doing this. So you thought you were searching for one thing companies could pay an ISP saying no No, don't land them on that website redirect the search to another website. Yes, they did that That was a one of the thing that they did ISPs that did it our charter cogent direct PC frontier wide open West just to name a few snooping through your traffic and inserting ads so instead of just Redirecting you somewhere else. So let's just inject more ads as if we don't have enough ads already The ISPs will also add more ads to your browsing experience, which is less than thrilling Pre-installing software in your phone and recording every URL you visit Well, the phone created a little bit of a disconnect forum in some ways So they would install software called carry IQ to understand everything you did on the phone And then phone that back home and sell more statistics It was called the carrier IQ program and you can I'll leave a link to this So you can click on all these and you can see even the class action lawsuits that resulted from this And what some of the reasons they did this is because the as things started becoming more secure and using HTTPS was a secure layer, which we'll get to in a couple seconds here It would make it harder for them to spy on you so they installed software to spy on you before it became Encrypted this not only creates a security risk, but it also is them selling your data To places that maybe you don't want it sold to and it's providing a lot of information about you Injecting undetectable undelatable tracking cookies in all your htp traffic That was AT&T and Verizon who got in trouble for doing that They were injecting information in that allowed people to identify specifically your phone So they would make a connection and companies go go. Hey someone visited my site I know they were on a phone, but I don't know what phone they were on Well, Verizon unless you went through a lot of clicks and opted out of this Which they didn't make it super easy to do, but they did it just so they could think they could avoid some type of lawsuit They would then trade that information so companies go I see these phones visiting and they would contact Verizon and for a fee They could find out which phone visited their site and have your phone number And all of the other information so they'd know exactly what your phone was doing And so they would sell that back to websites who wanted to know details These are all the things they were doing and that's why these FCC privacy protections were put in place Now the rationale behind removing these privacy productions is that they're not applied evenly to other companies such as google youtube or facebook But there's a big distinction. I choose to have a gmail or google account. I choose to have a facebook account I don't always have a choice in who provides my internet and in a lot of places There's no choice at all. You have a single internet provider for one area So that internet provider being able to sell your data to whoever Means even if you open up private search windows where you don't want things in your search history They still have access to that to sell So let's talk about the things that they have access to And we'll start with this now. This is the tour project I did a whole another video on protecting yourself with tour But it's kind of cool because this graphic kind of shows you what what things people know So let's say and they use an example of you using an open wi-fi at a Let's say a coffee house or mcdonalds So site password user now if there's no HTTPS nothing's in the secure other people on that wi-fi potentially can't see it Now the isps can see site username password data location So can the police so consistent means that work at these isps so can attorneys While it's in transit elder, let's say nation state actors such as the nsa maybe you'll see it as well And of course the site will have full access to this information Now most things are switching to HTTPS for HTTPS secure So you still know this but only the site and location like they know where you're at I know what site you went to the same thing here with HTTPS the Site and the location site location site location at the isp, but that's all they can sell So the same thing here in data in flight is encrypted with HTTPS So the nsa sees site location site location and of course you're logging into the website So they have those details on you now Can I give an example of this because we run our own systems internally? I actually installed What's called end top and this is a tool so I can see Where my data is going and this is like as if I was the isp level because we're technically providing internet for the office So I can see my computer specifically Now because everything is in this HTTPS as you can see like Facebook What they can see is that i'm going to google that i'm going to facebook They can see what websites I go to so if we go and search different websites like i'm on the EFF for this Let me go back over here So they can see that i'm at facebook at the EFF now they are not privy to the content and context of that data I have played at google.com often mtalk.google is actually the Server that allows me to text and things like that via my browser for my google services Then edge that's the chat window for facebook and then we have the safe browsing cache for google somewhere in here I think I seen last pass Yeah right here's the last pass server because i'm using last pass for that So they know all these places and are logging in this is just with a couple connections You can see how many connections out are made by different things so they can start to track your History of what websites you go to they may not know what page i'm on here with the EFF But they at least do know That i'm on that website So maybe if they have I go to a website that someone doesn't think is the right website should be at That information can be sold and they can say hey, tom Why are you at this website or why are you at that website because that's something that isp knows They may not know what I did there They may not know the content of it but they know what website you are on So that's kind of the level of detail now everyone calls a lot and asks about vpns and vpns Are helpful in some ways and in other ways you're just pushing the problem down the road So here's you and here's the internet and your isp can see all those things we just talked about Well, the trick is with a vpn is the vpn tunnels this past your isp And to the internet provider or i'm sorry to the vpn provider So you create an encrypted tunnel between your computer and the vpn The only thing your isp sees at that point would be the encrypted tunnel That's fine But then you have to trust the vpn company all's you're doing is pushing it down the road The vpn company still has access to all the information that the isp did that's the big distinction So as long as you trust the vpn company That's fine and that's where a lot of people get confused like all my traffic protected if I have a vpn Well, yes, it's protected from the isp But not from the vpn provider And if you were the nsa or anyone who wanted to collect data, why wouldn't you set up a really inexpensive vpn service? Have everyone signed up for it and uh you then have another database So the vpn service riders could be doing this now. They seem more trustworthy. I don't know that they're doing this There's not any evidence that I have that they are or are not But you can see the problem the internet wasn't designed to be anonymous not in any easy measurable fashion So all's you're doing is pushing it down the road to hide where you are and the The isp still know who you are. They even know you're using vpn. They know you're doing something that shows traffic So would they ever make a law to do this uh and block vpns? I don't know Comcast has gotten in trouble before for doing this. They started taking the vpns And throttling the traffic so that they see you're using vpn to go slow that traffic down because we can't see it So we should punish them That's also something that it was uh within the rights of them to do unfortunately And you can't go wolf.com cast does it i'm switched to another provider Well, if you're one of those people stuck in an area without multiple riders, you're stuck in here without multiple providers Now go ahead and watch my video on tour if you want to understand a little bit more how tour works Now I can hide things a little bit further But you're still kind of back to pushing things down the road They're still going to be able to see you're using and encapsulating and tour which is very similar to like a vpn They know that you're using it And maybe that raises suspicion and tour is also not the best solution because it's also really really slow And it pops you out at random different countries As your end point. So some websites will block you because they think you're coming in from another country So it has some disadvantages as well And you're not going to really watch netflix over it because it's just not fast enough of a network So let's just kind of explain what the isps are doing what the fcc privacy Means to you as far as them selling data inserting ads and all these other nefarious things they can be doing And what are not a vpm would solve it like I said to vpm we hide it from your isp But it does not hide it from the vpn provider. So it may not be the solution For you so you're just making sure I'm just making sure you have an understanding of this because I get this question a lot So now I'm going to be replying with this video to people To kind of answer some of those questions and clear a few things up and you know, this is what they're able to see It's not necessarily A lot of information, but it's enough information because they start once they know what websites you're going to They that's a lot of personal information They in there's no way to hide this you can't say oh, I'm open up an incognito window It won't help anytime your isp 8 tracks as they'll say, okay You went to this website or that website? So I just want to do this for some clarification If you have any questions, uh, go ahead and message me leave a comment below If you like the content here like and subscribe. Thank you very much


Hey guys! What's up, airgorn here! And I'm sorry for that intro. I'm gonna try from now on to not talk about my hair in every single introduction. Also, you might be able to hear it, there's construction going on outside. On a Sunday. Okay, so it's been 20 minutes. They've finally somewhat calmed down, so hopefully it'll be better. Anyway, today we're talking about subchains. And why those are bad. This was actually suggested by, and I forget your names, I'm sorry, but it was suggested by... Thanks so much for your sub-sub-b-b-b, and if you'd like to suggest a topic for next time's next episode, just make sure to leave it down below. Ah! Now in case you don't know what sub-chains are, it's when someone posts a comment, usually saying something along the lines of, hey guys, sub to me, and the next person can sub to the next person, and so on, and you create a chain of people subscribing to each other, creating a never-ending chain of subscriber lists. Now on the surface, this may seem like a great idea.  But the truth is it's actually detrimental, often, to your YouTube channel. Just like sub for subs, which is something that was covered in a video here, which I will link that George made about four months ago, usually these people who subscribe to you are only subscribing to you to not actually watch your videos. They essentially become dead subscribers, which means that they don't actively watch your content. And for those of you who say that every now and then you might actually get an active subscriber from this, yeah, that's true. Every now and then there might be someone who stays to watch your content, but for the most part, it doesn't work. And you could be spending your time a lot more efficiently in other ways. You could even draw a parallel from this into marketing. Why do you think companies are so into getting information about their, about users? Because if they know what you're into, then it's a lot easier for them to sell their product to you, the consumer. If they don't know anything about you, they're going to see random ads for socks or potatoes, but you might not even be wanting socks or potatoes. Though, I mean, why wouldn't you want them? YouTube is the same thing. In a sub chain, your content isn't being targeted towards a proper audience.  And it's a game of chance. On the other hand, if you can find a place or a forum to actually share your content to people who are into the same kind of stuff, it'll be a lot more effective. Freedom, for example, has wonderful forums where you can actually go and share your content and people who are into the same kind of stuff as you can go find it and vice versa.  Anyway, guys, I hope this will help at least a few of you down below.   I mean, that's not the point of this video. The point of this video is to tell you that it's not the best use of your time and you could be doing a lot better things. Anyway, guys, if you'd like to suggest a topic for next video, make sure you leave a comment down below. If you enjoyed this video, give it a like, give it a thumbs up, give it a one plus, give it a share on Twitter and Facebook and Google Plus. And I also want to hear from you guys. It's October Halloween season. The reason I've been growing out my hair is because I'm going to be going dressed as Marilyn Manson. So I need long hair for that. I want to hear what you guys are going to be dressed as or going as for Halloween. Leave it once again in the comment below. So suggest a... Suggest a topic for next time and tell me what you're going to be wearing for Halloween. And I will pick the coolest ones or the funniest ones or the strangest ones to go up at the end of the video. Anyway, guys, thanks so much for watching and I'll see you next time. Click the links if you want to see more from Freedom. And if you want to see more of my ugly mug, just click right here.


We demonstrated the formation of 1D snow slash snow 2 hybrid nanostructures through the use of tin, 2, oxalate as a single source precursor. The resulting structures exhibited both tin monoxide and tin dioxide phases, which could be tuned by varying the concentration of tin, 2, oxalate and the calcination temperature. Additionally, we observed a decrease in the bandgap energy of the SN ox slash snow 2 hybrid nanostructure from 3.53.7EV to 2.93.0EV when increasing the calcination temperature. This suggests that these hybrid nanostructures may have potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaics or photocatalysis. This article was authored by Kazuhiro Monseki, Said Vafii, Loren Scott and others.


This week continues our theme month for May 2018, which covers Slaughter's Marauders and Python Patrol in honor of this year's GI Joe Convention. We will be looking at mostly vehicles this month. We only have one figure review scheduled, and that is this week's review. Last week we reviewed Slaughter's Marauders for the first time on this channel. This will be our second Python Patrol review. The first Python Patrol review was dedicated to Jeff Adams and his friend Foley. I'd like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to them again. Thanks guys. One more important thing before we get started. Long time friend of the channel Byron Kellogg has been experiencing some health issues lately. Byron, I hope you get well soon. Last time we looked at the Python Patrol figure, it was not great, but not bad. Let's see what we have in store this time. May 8th here. It's time for another vintage GI Joe toy review, and this week we are Python Patrol. The theme for this year's Jocan is Slaughter's Marauders versus Python Patrol. So hopefully these reviews will get you in the mood. We are looking at the second version of Copperhead. I kind of liked the first version of Copperhead from 1984. I have some fond childhood memories of that figure. I was out of GI Joe by 1989, so I did not have the second version of Copperhead. So I'm interested in seeing how it measures up against the first. When we talk about Python Patrol, it is enmeshed with some peculiarities of the GI Joe toy line at the time. We're talking about sub teams. We're talking about reissued toys with different colors, sometimes outlandish colors. To fully understand it, you have to put yourself back in 1989 and look at what was going on with GI Joe at the time. So let's do it. HCC 788 presents Copperhead version 2 from Python Patrol. This is Python Copperhead from 1989. The Python Patrol swamp fighter from the Python Patrol sub team within Cobra. This figure was first available in 1989 and was also available in 1990 and was discontinued for 1991. This figure is usually referred to as Python Patrol Copperhead, even though his file card just says Python Copperhead. This is the second version of Copperhead. The first version was from 1984 and was the driver of the water moccasin, the swamp boat that was released that year. The water moccasin was Cobra's first watercraft, the first one that could really float, that is. It was one of two swamp themed vehicles in 1984. The other one was the chameleon swamp skier piloted by Zartan. Zartan was the leader of the rogue motorcycle gang, the Dreadnox. The Dreadnox were known to hide out in the swamps. Based on his personality and background, I'm surprised Copperhead didn't join the Dreadnox. He didn't match the look of the Dreadnox, but his personality would have fit in. The colors on the first version of Copperhead were made to complement the greenish color of the water moccasin. The Python Patrol version reused the mold from Version 1, but used the Python Patrol color scheme. The colors are drastically different. There is a color variant for Version 1, known as the Dark Green Gloves Copperhead. Python Patrol was a sub-team within Cobra that had the gimmick of using special suits that made them invisible to electronic detection. They consisted entirely of reissued toys. Nothing was original. They were supposed to be radar and heat concealed. This was represented on the figures by just keeping them in their original uniforms, but painting them in different colors and putting this crisscross lattice pattern on them. There were three Python Patrol vehicles, the ASP, the Conquest and the Stun. They were all reissued older vehicles with the Python Patrol lattice pattern on them. Surprisingly, they didn't reissue the water moccasin as a Python Patrol vehicle. That leaves Copperhead without his main mode of transportation. The year before, in 1988, the water moccasin was reissued as a Tiger Force vehicle. In the animated series, Python Patrol was the rival to GI Joe's sub-team Slaughter's Marauders. Slaughter's Marauders figures were reissues like Python Patrol. As we saw last week, Slaughter's Marauders vehicles weren't straight reissues. They were upgrades. As a swamp fighter, Copperhead's obvious rival on the GI Joe team would be the 1988 swamp fighter Musgrat. GI Joe didn't focus as much on the swamps as Cobra and the Dreadnoughts did. In 1988, GI Joe finally got a swamp vehicle, the Swamp Masher. Let's look at the accessories for Python Patrol Copperhead. The first version of Copperhead did not have accessories. The second version does. Don't get your hopes up for new and original accessories, though. These accessories are all just reissues of older ones. His weapon is an M16 rifle with an M206 grenade launcher attached to it. It is in black plastic and it looks really good in black. You will no doubt recognize this as the rifle that came with 1986 Leatherneck. That rifle being in gray. The rifle looks excellent in black. I don't think Python Patrol Copperhead deserves it, but it does look good. There's no doubt about that. His other accessory is his backpack. The carb contents call it a swamp pack. It is in black plastic. It has a bed roll and a canteen. It's pretty small and kind of minimalist and you will no doubt recognize this as a reissue of Leatherneck's backpack just in black plastic. So Python Patrol Copperhead just has Leatherneck's accessories but in black plastic. I like Leatherneck's accessories in the original color but the black reissue rifle and backpack look really good. If you wanted to do a custom night force Leatherneck, you could use these accessories. Standing alone, both of these accessories are good. I approve. But why does Copperhead have them? The first version didn't have accessories and I guess Hasbro thought they needed to add value to the figure. So it seems like they just grabbed whatever was on the shelf. There's no reason these specific accessories should go with this figure. Let's look at the articulation on Python Patrol Copperhead. He had the articulation that was standard for 1984 G.I. Joe action figures even though this figure was released in 1989 because they entirely reused the mold of a 1984 figure. His head could turn left and right. He could move his arm up at the shoulder and swivel at the shoulder all the way around. He had a hinge at the elbow so he could bend his arm at the elbow about 90 degrees. He had a swivel at the bicep that allowed him to swivel his arm all the way around. The figure was held together with a rubber O-ring that looped around the inside that allowed him to move at the torso of it. He moved his legs apart about so far he could bend his leg at the hip about 90 degrees and bend at the knee about 90 degrees. Let's take a look at the sculpt design and color of Python Patrol Copperhead. Since this figure reuses the same mold as the 1984 Copperhead, a look at the figure will necessarily be redundant. Some comment must be made about the colors though. All Python Patrol figures were recolored. In some instances it wasn't a bad change. The Python Patrol Viper was pretty good. In most cases though the change was awful. The Python Patrol Crimson Guard is an incredibly ugly figure. Copperhead was one of the bad ones. It did have some good points though and I'll try to point those out. Python Patrol figures got their accessories in black and I do like that. That's one of the best things about him. Looking at his head he has a yellow helmet non-removable. He has a black ridged strip down the center. He has black vents on the side.  What they've done is swapped the dark green on the old head for yellow, the light green for black and they colored the neck black instead of leaving it flesh tone. I think the yellow helmet makes him look like a lemon. On his chest he has a green undershirt with a yellow lattice pattern. On top of that he has a black tank top and on top of that he has a red pistol and holster. The holster is on the left side of the chest positioned for a right-handed draw. He has a red strap that goes directly over the left shoulder. He has another red strap that goes from the pistol holster diagonally over the right shoulder. He has another red strap that goes under the left arm and those details meet in the back. The black shirt isn't bad. Black can add depth to a figure and it does here. It's the other colors that are distracting. We lost some things from version one. Version one has the silver cobra symbol on his chest that's missing on version two. That's been replaced with the yellow pattern. Also the bare skin has been all painted over in green. As noted on the review for the version one figure copperheads chest is wider than average but it's not muscular. Copperhead looks a little chunky. His arms are green from top to bottom. We have more of that yellow lattice pattern and he has black gloves. On version one those arms were bare and he had painted bands around the biceps. On version two those bands are not picked out with paint. They're just green and painted over with that yellow lattice pattern. So it's kind of hard to see that detail. The waist piece is entirely yellow. There is a sculpted in belt and harness but with no paint applications it's hard to see any detail. The bright yellow washes it out. This is probably the worst part of the figure. It doesn't match the color of the legs so it looks like he's wearing his underwear on the outside. In my review of copperhead version one I said it looks like he's wearing black panties and everyone's like ha ha ha very funny. Well here he is wearing bright yellow panties. Who's laughing now? When I look at this figure I picture an image of a dog pulling on copperhead's yellow drawers and instead of copperhead he's called copper tone. I made this picture. I'm not even sorry. Whatcha gonna do about it? On his legs he has green trousers with that yellow lattice pattern again.  On his left leg he has this black ridged detail that doesn't seem to do anything. He has ridged padding on the inside of his legs that go all the way down the leg even to his lower leg. They're the same color as the rest of the legs so those details could easily be missed.  I like these boots on version one of copperhead and I still do. The pistol holster and the boots are the same as the original, still painted black and that's good. On version one the thighs used a different color plastic and that brought out those ridge details much more. On version two those ridge details are covered up and painted over. They might as well not even be there. Let's take a look at his file card. The file card was in this yellowy orange color as all python patrol file cards were. That was a change from the peach color of version one. It has his faction as cobra. It has a portrait of copperhead here that does not reuse the artwork from the version one file card that is new artwork. His code name is python copperhead. He's the python patrol swamp fighter. There is no biographical information here. It just jumps right into his background. The version one file card did have a section up here for his file name and birthplace but it didn't really have any information. This top paragraph says it's presumed that python copperhead is native to or otherwise intimately familiar with the rainforest of the amazon basin. Intelligence sources venture a guess that he raced speedboats in high stakes races in monaco and japan. His major weakness is gambling and is in debt to cobra for large sums of money. Without enough money to cover what he owes he joined python patrol as a faster means of paying off his debt. The first two sentences are almost exactly the same as the version one file card. They just changed his name to python copperhead. On this file card though he owes money directly to cobra. There's no mention that he was previously a member of cobra nor any reference to the water moccasin. This bottom section has a quote. It says you know the type the python copperhead can drive a swamp buggy like the devil himself. Rebuild a v8 with a coat hanger and a toothpick and start a ruckus that will last until daybreak. Live hard and fast is his motto and he stands by it 100%. This python is all taken no give. Do I know the type? Do I know the type? I in fact do not know the type. I don't know anybody like that at all. On the version one file card gung ho is credited with this quote. Why is that credit removed for the version two card? Well there was no gung ho figure for sale in 1989 so there's no reason to advertise gung ho. The quote is almost the same as the version one card but instead of rebuilding a v8 with a coat hanger and spit he rebuilds it with a coat hanger and a toothpick.  The version one file card was written by larry hama the writer of the gi jo comic book series. There's no way larry hama made these changes. Someone at hasbro just marked over the old file card with a red pen and called it a day. The changes make the text less interesting less pithy and less colorful. Looking at how copperhead was used in gi jo media he never had much to do in the gi jo animated series produced by sunbow. He first appeared in the episode jungle trap and he had the most exposure in that episode. His later appearances in the sunbow series were barely more than cameos. After the sunbow series was cancelled deek took over production. In the deek animated series copperhead only had a few appearances. He was only in the opening miniseries operation dragon fire. He did appear in his python patrol uniform though. In the animated series python patrol was an extension of the dragon fire weapon which was a mystical energy source that cobra used to imbue vehicles and uniforms with animal properties. Copperhead gives cobra commander his version 3 uniform. At one point he's even put in charge of python patrol. Copperhead made no appearances in the comic book series published by marvel comics. The water moccasin did in issue number 25 but it was piloted by a cobra trooper. There was a character called copperhead in issue number 7 but it was just a generic cobra trooper. That was long before the figure was released and that cobra trooper was killed so he's not related to the copperhead figure. Python patrol did appear in issue number 88. It was very different from the animated series. The pythonizing process was invented by Dr. Meinbender. It's apparently a liquid spray of some kind that makes vehicles and uniforms invisible to radar, infrared and heat detection. That wasn't the only appearance of python patrol. It pops up again in issue number 100. Other than that it doesn't really go anywhere. Looking at python patrol copperhead overall, what can I do? It's an ugly figure and it seems intentionally ugly. The colors are gaudy and I hope you like that painted mesh pattern on the figure because that's about all it has going for it. The colors on version 1 of copperhead were a little strange admittedly but the colors on that figure complemented the colors on the vehicle he came with. This figure doesn't come with a vehicle. There are python patrol vehicles that you could put this figure in but his colors don't go with any of those. Some paint applications were sacrificed so we could get that lattice pattern but the problem with the missing paint applications is some of the details are lost because they are essentially painted over with that lattice pattern and since there are no paint applications on the waste piece it looks terribly out of place. It is possible for reissued figures to be as good or even better than the original but not this one. The accessories are the best part of this figure. All black looks great. Just give them to Leatherneck. They're his anyway. The python patrol gimmick with these new colors supposedly making them undetectable seems to me like a post hoc rationalization for the color change. Arguably Tiger Force has an even weaker reason to have their new uniforms but for Tiger Force it's kind of a team solidarity thing. They're all on the same sub team so they all wear the tiger stripes. For python patrol the change is supposed to be functional and I just don't think they're worth the function. I know there are a lot of python patrol fans out there. I'm sorry I'm not one of them. There were better python patrol figures issued and worse this is not the worst one but it's pretty far from the best. That was my review of python patrol copperhead. I hope you enjoyed it. We'll be getting back to Slaughter's marauders next week and that'll be fun. Thank you for sticking with me and thank you for watching these videos even when I give a negative review to your favorite toy and let's face it all of these toys are probably some kids favorite toy. I don't get any joy out of criticizing someone's favorite toy but as a reviewer I feel it's my job to give a frank and honest assessment of the toy I see before me. That is what you will always get here good bad or otherwise and if this is acceptable to you I hope you will consider giving this video a thumbs up and subscribing to the channel. You can find me on Facebook, Twitter and you can support the channel on Patreon and I have a website hcc788.com. I'll see you next week for a Slaughter's Marauders G.I. Joe toy review and until then remember even if it's python patrol only G.I. Joe is G.I. Joe. What you gonna do about it?


What up boys a lot of you've been asking about a phase 2 or season 2 PvP business, so These are my picks. There's not actually that much choice, but these are my picks for season 2 This is what I'm going to be aiming for on my priest Keep in mind there are a couple of slots where you're going to be switching items and I will talk about those when it comes to it as as well and and you know Different races are going to have different priorities in different situations for those items So we're going to start off with Carol of the Avatar and I'm just going to use my t4 helm A lot of people have been asking about ng helm if you haven't got t4 helm you can use the ng helm It's going to be easy for you to get But I would say t4 helm is actually slightly better I'm not going to go into the the specifics, but I think the stats that you actually lose from the t4 helm Versus what you gain on the ng helm make the t4 helm slightly better T5 helm I however is actually a direct upgrade from t4 helm. So if you can get your hands on this, it's very good Neck we actually have a healing neck this season and Same for the ring when we get to it and it is actually just a super good. I am all-round. It has basically everything we want So this is an easy choice if there are some situations where you Really feel you can drop a fair amount of resilience then believe there are some higher regen necks that you can go for Potentially you can go for the sanguine as charm But again, this is not a lot more as not more not a lot more region It's more just you know a buff to your your healing So this is not that valuable but teeth of gruel is still really strong in terms of a regen item So if you are not concerned about your own well-being You can actually switch to that for regen battles But again, it depends on what what matchup you're playing what you're facing if you feel like you're getting trained a lot in whatever comp you're playing Then we're gonna be running the season to moon cloth and we're gonna be running for set once again and These actually have more armor on this season So we actually get a nice little little armor buff as as clothies this season As you can see the the armor isn't green and we're just gonna be jamming this basically the same You can go for the the healing MP5 Gems I believe these are slightly stronger for threes where the matchup is a little bit faster Or you can go for healing in spirit Which is gonna be stronger for twos and The reason obviously we're going for the four sets because we're able to get relatively high resilience anyway And the force actually provides us with more survivability as long as we don't die in the stuns So that's the reasoning for that now cloak We're gonna be going for the Sunshower light cloak because it provides just generally insane stats A lot of healing a lot of regen while having stamina and intellect as well Compared with the pvp cloak which is all the way down here and isn't healing either. There's no no new pvp cloak this season Although I just have stamina and you know a little bit of resilience on it's not enough to make it worth dropping this regen item Especially when we have 300 resilience with this current set already. It's it's plenty And that's without swapping the the pvp weapons on which we'll get to in a second Chest again is gonna be the Merciless gladiators moocloth and you'll notice that I put this spirit gem Sorry the hit gems in the shoulders and the chest We need three of them to get your hit cap with the gloves 15 hit on and The reason for this is because now it allows me to potentially swap around the neck and braces if I want to for something that has a little bit more regen and this won't impact my overall hit chance and cause potential resists No headaches there Uh, but we're going for the the moocloth cuffs from pvp I'm gonna be picking those up. These are generally stronger than any real, uh options There's obviously the wraps of purification, but they don't really give that much over The veterans moocloth gloves to make them worth dropping that resilience for Especially with that socket. So we've gone for the the pvp ones Weapons, uh, we're gonna have two sets. We're gonna have the pvp ones You should still have your pvp weapons from last season So you can switch those on When you see what you're facing if you think oh, yeah, I'm facing something that could could potentially go on me You can whack those on that's gonna give you another 45 resilience. I believe it's around 60 with the season two weapons So once you've bought your season two Main parts you can go again for the weapons I'll most likely go for the offhand Then the wand and then the main hand the wand not being that much of an upgrade over previous seasons wand, but the offhand is very good this season As for our pve set, we're going to go for the light fathom scepter is uh Just the strongest main hander of this tier Uh and and talisman of the sun king from tk is the strongest offhander of this tier in terms of just general regen And then we're going to go for the luminescent rod since we're assuming this is going to be our region set We're not really going to get targeted. So the lack of stamina is not that detrimental Sticking with medallion of the alliance, but the trinket is going to be earing of soulful meditation This is actually huge for priests on this tier drops from lurker below in ssc Uh, if you're not raiding, I would seriously consider as one of the very early bosses I would seriously consider even just like trying to pug it Uh to get this trinket because it will it will massively impact How matchups go for you even if this is the only pve item you get your hands on this is the one you want This is an important grab for sure Ring there's a very nice one available. I believe this from vash as well And It just has insane stats 27 spirit 75 healing. It's just really really high stats overall still has 21 stamina, which is awesome Um, so this is a very good second ring for this uh tier Uh, as we said earlier, there is actually a healing ring in the game now So obviously 5 mp5 22 resilience 44 healing and then good stamina intellect. This is an easy grab Now the boots is a little bit of a a weird one on this tier So the boots are actually from tailoring and they are bind on pickup Now The issue with this is we don't really want tailoring So what you can actually do if you have the goal is you level tailoring make these and then drop tailoring again And this is this is very min maxi, but these boots are just a direct upgrade from the The boots of the incorrupt One more mp5 a bunch more healing around the same spirit and then just slightly more stamina and intellect So it depends how much gold you have you can you can quite happily sit with boots of the incorrupt for the tier I think uh the other option being the soul strider boots Which are not bad either. I feel like they are slightly worse than the boots of the incorrupt just because of the the The balance of the stats on them, but if you are a fan of spirit then definitely go for these They're from the first boss And a decent option as well either of these you're going to be fine with But I think boots of the long road do just win it out overall And remember if you do want to take more resilience, obviously you can grab the boots the pvp boots as well and swap them on If uh, if you feel like you know, this there's a there's a team playing that trains you a lot Or you're getting a lot of you know, mage rogues or something in twos Uh on a particular day Then you can whack on the extra resilience and and it's going to help you out However, if there's like loads of warlock teams queuing or something like that You're probably going to want a little bit more of the region So you have to kind of make that judgment, but having the boots obviously is just power to you, right? Uh legs again is just standard the uh season two legs Merciless glad it is mooncloth nothing really to add on that Uh, the belt is going to be the veterans mooncloth belt and this is you're going to run this most of the time. However, if again, there's uh A 2 dps team or something like that you that you know goes on you you can potentially obviously run the ng belt And if there's a team where you feel like you need more regen or a lot of teams queuing Where you need more regen or in three is something like that where you feel like you're not getting trained Then you can whack on a belt of the long road Yeah, the main stats are a lot lower, but the spirit and the regen on this is going to be a lot higher And this is going to be uh Potentially edging you out in the long run if you have more mana than they do So again, this is up to you to make judgment calls if you're playing undead Maybe you want to run the ng belt a little bit more as you're generally more of a target than as a dwarf gloves is Just standard merciless glad he is and that's going to finish your four set Nothing really to add on that other than yeah grab the spell hit on it three hit gems to go with it That'll get you a hit cap rings is no brain and just drop drop the healing bore speed on boots Uh epic healing enchanted legs nothing much to add there 81 healing on weapon. I've actually got six mp5 on braces here. You can go this or you can go for the healing That's personal choice. I would say Obviously the resilience on the chest to get you up to the 300 Which is really nice for the amount of pve we've actually got on and then you know We're going to be on sitting on about 350 with the pvp weapons equipped should we uh need to Uh, it's bob pen and cloak standard healing enchants on helm and shoulders and and that's basically it I uh, I really don't have that much more to add gone through it real quick So uh, you guys don't need to sit here and listen all day, but I will put a link to this Uh 70 upgrades in the description Uh, there was a little bit confusion with my last business This is obviously the first first rendition of it I will update the 70 upgrades in the description as things change. This video will not get updated So if you're watching this video in two three months time or whatever and you're like, wait, this isn't this I'm confused. What uh, you know, there's some new items out or whatever. I don't know what's going to happen Uh, then just yeah refer to this 70 upgrades link in the description. That would be the most updated one I will keep that updated That's all I wanted to say. Thank you so much for watching I hope you enjoyed it. I hope you found something useful and see you on the stream


Good man, good man Wondering lonely in the desert He invited me to stay Said I would learn to love this babe He was a jazz band She was a wild one, a wild one She said come out, we could have fun And then she wanted me to go Curious who I need next Was a sweet child I was broken seen from miles wide, miles wide Like the moon over the worm He would break my everyday Curious who I need next As upon the continent So I'm going to go inside So I'll make sure it's done good Just for all of you Okay, today's run 20 miles, 32 kilometers 5,000 feet of vertical gain and loss Or 1,500 meters of gain and loss In the Hoka Evo Speed goats, Evo speed goats However you want to say it And yes, today's run, it's crazy Today I published the first impressions Of this shoe And now today's run Just pushed us over 50 miles So I will give you the full review Sooner rather than later Okay, let's dive into this weighted vest discussion I don't even know if I want to pick this up Frankly again today Because it is heavy It is made by fitness gear And this is not a weighted vest That is made just for runners I picked this up actually I think from, we have a sporting goods store In Colorado called Dick's Sporting Goods I think that's where I got this I didn't get this from Amazon Although if I find it on Amazon I will link it down below In case you are interested But don't go by it Listen to the next 5 minutes Because I'm going to talk you through Why you should or should not be using A weighted vest in your running training And so let's give you a little background here That vest, so I weigh I actually just weighed myself inside the house I weigh 115 pounds Which is pretty typical for me In the winter it goes up a little bit In the summer it comes down a little bit Just looking at how the training is Like where I'm at in a training block And just coming off a pike's peak Sure enough I'm right at 115 And so this vest weighs 20 pounds So that puts me at 135 pounds Of what I was carrying up the mountain today And yes it was not easy Today carrying it up the mountain But two years ago I started out with a 10 pound vest And did I just go right into running A 10 pound vest? Absolutely not So for three months I bought it in May So for June, July and August of 2017 It would have been I walked around my house I actually mowed my yard a couple of times Just wearing this 10 pound weighted vest I still have it It's in my car It's not the one that I use today And I knew I needed to start lighter And move to a heavier weight over time So I did that for an entire year Just wearing a 10 pound weighted vest And then in 2018 So last summer I said Okay I feel stronger now To the point where I think I can do my training With at a higher weight Now what's nice about this vest Is if I wanted to There's basically sand bean bags Type things that you can take in and out of the Of the vest to make it lighter or heavier I have all the bean bags in there right now So that's why it's 20 pounds I'm down at it at my feet And I need some water And so what I'm getting at with this weighted vest Is that it took me About a... It took me 12 months at least Before I felt strong enough And comfortable enough To go out for a run With a 20 pound vest on my back Now I was training for a 100 mile race Last summer The Run Rabbit Run 100 Which I actually DNF'd I did not finish I dropped out at 50 miles And I did some training with the vest last summer Now the reason I think I dropped out Mostly was because of my plantar fasciitis In fact that's why Like there was a bunch of different factors I think I didn't take enough salt in Salt tablets during the race But at the end of the day I think it was my planter I don't think it was because I had overtrained with the weighted vest So I'm just giving you some background In my experience with training with the weighted vest Now you might be wondering Seth why do you train with a weighted vest So real briefly there's a couple Two or three points First of all Leg strength of course And I'm going to come back to that in a minute Leg strength Suppleness You know how I love that word Suppleness of my ankles So my Achilles tendon All the muscles that are in your lower ankle And into the foot I think with that extra 20 pounds That I am able to Really focus And I did really well At the beginning of the run today Toward the end My legs are just too tired Like I kind of threw Something out the window But at the beginning I was focused so much on my form And making sure that I was actually kind of trying to spring Up the mountain Just a little bit To work on that suppleness Despite having 20 pounds on my back And then third point Absolutely 100% For mental toughness So it was 100 degrees today In Denver Which meant it was probably about 85 to 90 degrees Where I was running It was just hot day It was not exactly enjoyable But I was training the brain For mental toughness With the vest on my back And then When I go back to that mountain Or I frankly go to any other mountain This week or in the next 10 days I will remember And I will remind myself Seth You don't have 20 pounds On your back You can do this And not only can you do this You can do this At a high speed At a fast speed Whether it's a workout Or a race Like at Snowbird On Saturday Which is crazy Right up around the corner So anyway That is the third reason I train with a weighted vest And one last point On my leg strength So last year When I showed up At the run rabbit run 100 I was standing on the starting line With these big Strong Ultra runners Jason Schlarb was one of them He was the first American Actually to finish UTMB this year So I looked over at Jason Schlarb And I look at him He's like I don't know Six foot at least And his legs look like tree trunks And so Also a quick side story In middle school There were guys in middle school Who were shaving At like seventh or eighth grade I distinctly remember That I was not shaving Until at least a junior Or senior in high school What am I getting at We all develop At different stages You know And so we're not going to get Into all the biology But all I'm saying is I think I'm a little bit Of a later bloomer When it comes to muscle strength In fact I'm just going to say it As a 34 year old I don't know if I've ever Been stronger So this is I think a good Even in college When I was lifting at CU I feel like My old man's strength Is kicking in now It's probably because I'm picking up And picking up The kids all day And wrestling With the kids all day But anyway Just want to make that point Like my leg strength I feel like Is coming into my own As a 34 year old And so again To all the college students Out there And I'm just going to say it now Do I think You should train With a weighted vest Like what is my Recommendation Based off the Title of the vlog I'm going to say An emphatic no Especially Now bear with me Especially if you're In high school Or college Okay Your body is Still developing Let it develop You don't need to Go run With a weighted vest I'm just saying right now Let your muscles Let your bones Fully develop Okay So I'm just going to put that Out there right now If I was a coach I would never let my High school or college Runners train With a weighted vest Okay And another point On whether or not I would recommend Training with a weighted Vest to Make my answer Know very clear You have to get to the root Of your joy I don't know If you would frankly Enjoy training With a weighted vest We all have different Personalities And we're wired differently And it's painful And it hurts And frankly Like that is In my opinion Part of long distance Running Like if you can embrace A little bit of pain This sport Might not be for you Like it's a painful sport In a different way Than getting hit You know Like a line back Or hitting Or running back In football It's a different Type of pain But it is painful So again If you enjoy Going out into the mountains And running with a weighted Vest I would say Probably a lot of people Would not Also If I was strictly A marathon runner I would not be training With a weighted vest But because I'm a mountain runner And I love Mountain running And uphill running And I think Leg strength Is really important For that Then yes I'm going to Continue to dabble And try and figure out Is a weighted vest Helping me And actually I'm just going To revise this 2017 Ran 221 at Pike's Peak 2019 Ran 212 So I cut nine minutes And in the last two years I've been training With a weighted vest Not too often One or two times a month Okay So not even every week Just one or two times A month Again Just to help Me In my body Knowing who I am Increase the strength Of my legs In my ankles Does that make sense And I could go on And on about this topic But I think I'm going to Leave it there Keyword is going to be Vest In question of the day And be careful If you go down in the Comments And you start reading People's ideas Or thoughts Just be careful Because it might Not be for you Or it might be for you Okay In fact I learned About weighted vest Training from another Ultra runner Okay But here's the Question of the day What is something In your training Regimen Whether it be in the Weight room In interval training In If you want to Get into diet I guess you could What is something That is maybe a little Unique Or off the beaten path That you do Or incorporate Into your training That a lot of A lot of other runners Are not doing Okay So I would say That weighted Vest training Is probably not On the top of every Runners To-do list Which I totally get In fact I kind of As I'm hopefully Leaving the point home I would not recommend it It's not for everyone And in fact It's probably For me I would stick to The mountain running Ultra running Scene especially For weighted vest Training Alright I love you guys Thanks for being here Thanks for watching I hope you enjoyed that And a couple of vlogs If you want to Dive deeper into this Topic on weighted Vest training The one on the left Is going to be A run from 2018 At Gray's Peak With a weighted vest I think it was the first time I took the weighted vest Up a 14er And the vlog on the right Is going to be The training The brain As a runner Mental toughness Again training With a weighted vest Alright Thanks for being here Thanks for watching Seek beauty Work hard And love each other See you tomorrow


So, I was trying to give you that condition. So, anyway this we have proved that differentiability implies it is continuous. So, that is because the right hand side goes to 0. So, here is a theorem which I was referring, which is a sufficient condition for differentiability, which is a very nice one and very useful one. It is only says that if this is happening, then the function is differentiable. It does not say the converse is always true. So, the earlier condition was if and only if, right? It is an equivalent way of defining differentiability. But this condition says suppose f is defined in a domain D such that the following hold both the partial derivatives exist in a neighborhood of the point. So, something more is coming. Not only the partial derivatives exist at that point, we require they exist in a neighborhood of that point. Why we need that? Because we want to talk about f x and f y are continuous at the point a b. The partial derivatives as functions of two variables. I want to talk about the continuity of these functions of two variables. For it to define the continuity of a function of two variables, the function should be defined in a neighborhood. Otherwise, you cannot talk about the continuity of that function. So, for that reason the first condition is required because I want to state that f x and f y are both continuous at a b. So, they should be first of all defined in a neighborhood of a b. So, first condition that partial derivatives exist in a neighborhood and are continuous at that point. That is good enough to say that the function is differentiable at the point a b. So, this is called the increment theorem. So, not only we want partial derivatives to exist at that point, we want them to exist in a neighborhood and to be continuous at that point. That is good enough. That is sufficient enough to ensure that the function is differentiable. The proof is there in the slides, but will not go through the proof. That is not slightly long. So, will not go through the proof. If you are interested, you can read that. So, here is the same example that we showed. We showed that this example of a function which is differentiable at the point x 0 y 0. You can calculate the partial derivatives. Partial derivative at 0 0 we saw they exist and are both 0. Actually, in a neighborhood of 0 0 also they exist. For example, what is the partial derivative of this with respect to x at a point x not equal to 0. At x is not equal to 0, the function is defined by this x square plus y square into this. So, I can apply the product rule to calculate the derivative in a neighborhood. That means, y is not 0. So, this function is as it is, where y is treated as a constant. So, x square plus y square sign of 1 over x square plus y square at a point not equal to 0 0. That is the definition. So, if I put y equal to a constant that will give me derivative with respect to x at a point other than 0 0. So, product rule applies x square. So, it will be 2 x into sign of this plus x square into derivative of sign that is cos of we can calculate that derivative. So, if you calculate that you will see the cos of 1 over something is coming and you can check that function is not continuous. So, derivative at a point in a neighborhood exist and is not continuous. The function is differentiable. So, this is an example to illustrate that the increment theorem, the derivative exist and are continuous at that point is only a sufficient condition that is not necessary for the function to be differentiable. So, one can check. So, this kind of derivative will come and this function is not continuous. You can easily check this function is not continuous at the point 0 0. So, partial derivatives are not continuous. Function is differentiable. So, that increment theorem is only a sufficient condition if something happens, if the partial derivative exist in a neighborhood and are continuous at that point, then the function is differentiable. The converse need not hold. Function can be differentiable without the partial derivative being continuous at that point. So, there is an example. So, good enough. Now, here is something corresponding to one variable chain rule. In one variable, we had say, if you have a function f in C d and you have a function g in R, say that f composite, this is g composite f is defined. So, that will be a function from A B to R.  So, that is a composite function. And we had the chain rule. So, what was the chain rule in one variable? You take a point here, say x0. This will go to a point f of x0. Call that as y0. g is a function defined there. So, that takes this point to g of y0. And the composite function is defined at the point x0. So, I want to say, when is composite function derivative at the point x0 equal to? The composite function is defined on A B. x0 is a point. We want to know what is the derivative in one variable. So, what does the chain rule say? It says it is you need to have the derivative of f at the point x0. f at the point into g dash of, what is the chain rule? g dash of f of x0, that is y0. So, that is an increment that comes. Now in several variables, you can have a function from r2 to r. And then you can have a function from here to here. So, here is a function f and here is a function g. So, what will be composite function? g composite f will be a function from r2 to r. Or you can also have a function say f from r2 to r2 and then a function g here. So, g composite f will again be a function from r2 to r. So, there are many possibilities that become apparent. So, you can have a function from here to r2 itself. So, you can have r2 or you can have from r2. There are many possibilities. For example, you can have a function from r2 to r2 and g from r2 to r2. So, various compositions are possible. And we want to know, in the first one, your f is a function of two variables composed with one variable. So, you can ask what is the meaning of differentiability of the composite function. So, in each one of them, one can ask what is the notion of differentiability. So, for that, there are chain rules. So, I will just state some of them. So, let us look at a function w, which is function of x t, y t. That means what? There is a function g, which is a function of, f is a function of two variables, f of x t, y t. So, it is a function of two variables. But from where does x t, y t come? It depends only on t. So, there is a function of one variable. You can call it as g, r2, r2. So, t goes to x t, y t. Are you following what I am saying? So, it can be, for example, you are observing the path of a particle in a plane. At time point t, what is the position in the plane? The position of the point in the plane is given by the x coordinate x t and the y coordinate y t. So, a curve in a plane is described by a function of one variable taking values in the plane. And that is combined with a function with f. So, f does something to that. So, it is a function. So, it says that this function will be differentiable at a point t0. And the derivative is, there is a composite of f of x t, y t. So, f is a function of two variables. So, there will be increment in the direction x, increment in the direction of y. So, f x, partial derivative in the direction of x, at that point, chain rule one variable, how does the one variable change? x dash of x t0 plus partial derivative of f in the y direction and the increment, the rate of change given by y variable. Is this clear? Let me just draw a picture probably. So, this is the last one actually. T goes to x t and y t and then something that goes to g of x t, y t. So, t goes to the composite function. Intuitively, one can write it as, w is a function of one variable. The composite is a function of one variable. So, we will talk about the derivative of a function of one variable at a point. So, d w by d t. Now, w is a composite function f of x t, y t. So, f in the direction what is the rate of change? Partial derivative of f with respect to x by chain rule d x by d t. The second variable also to be taken care of, so rate of change of f in the direction of y d y by d t. So, that is how you calculate the derivative of function of one variable, which is a composite of two functions. Now, there are more possibilities. For example, this g could itself be a function of two variable, t and s. Then you will have a x comma x of t comma s, y of t comma s. So, then instead of d x by d t, there is a partial derivative of that in the direction of and so on. So, let me just show you those also. You just have to, it is not difficult. They are not that straight forward to prove. So, let me go to the proof of this. We will just assume these things. So, this is what the pictorial it says. w is a function of two variables. x is a function of one variable, x t, y is a function of a variable t. The combined thing is a function of one variable again. So, we have to go along this plus. So, partial derivative of f with respect to x, the increment d x by d t. So, that is along this branch plus over the other branch. For example, if you have something more, there are many chain rules. I think you should just look them and understand them. How to, here is another one. w is a function of two variables x and y, but x and y themselves are functions of two variables. Earlier it was x t, y t. Now, x is a function of two variables r and s. So, it gives you two different pictures. So, the composite function is a function of two variables. So, it will have now partial derivatives. Earlier the composite function was one variable. So, now function of two variables. How do you get the partial derivative now? So, two variables. So, partial derivatives, you want to know whether they exist or not. If they exist, what will be? From one branch, partial f is a function of two variables. So, partial derivative of this with respect to x. x is a function of two variables. So, which variable you are looking at? Here, we are looking at with respect to r. So, partial derivative of x with respect to r. Similarly, for the y, r. So, add up. That gives you partial derivative of the composite function with respect to r. You want partial derivative of the composite function with respect to s. So, partial derivative of w with respect to x. That is okay. Partial derivative of x with respect to s, it will come. So, that is the second one. So, depending on what is where, how many directions you are going, you will write the chain rules. So, get used to these chain rules. Just go through them once. Once you understand, you will know what you can have this kind of thing. One variable to two variable to one variable. So, one variable and then going to two variables. So, the composite is a function of one variable, but taking values in two variables. So, partial derivatives again will come. So, these are various kinds of possibilities. Why they are useful? We will see one application of these kind of things. Other possibilities. Let me not go through all of them. They are just see how many branches, how many variables, those many pictures will appear. Now, for example, let us just look at one example that f is a function of two variables f x y equal to x square plus y square. Let us see x. This x itself is a function of a variable t, x t is equal to e raised to the power t. y also is a function of t that is equal to t. So, what is the composite function? t goes to x t comma y t, f of x t comma y t. So, it is a function of one variable. Composite is a function of t goes to a value in r, t goes to x t comma y t that is in r 2, but f takes x t comma y t to real line. So, it is a function of one variable only. So, what will be the differentiability derivative at a point? For one variable, the notion of derivative only. So, what is the derivative? So, composite function if you call it as w, we want partial derivative of w with respect to t at some point say or at any point t. So, what will be the derivative? Partial derivative is of f with respect to x into x dash of t plus partial derivative of y f with respect to y into y dash of t. So, let us write partial derivative of f with respect to x, it is 2 x. So, first term will be 2 x into e raised to the power t plus 2 y, derivative is 1 plus 2 y. So, that is the, you can put the values in terms of t again x and y, you can put the values in terms of t. So, that is partial, that is the derivative. For another example, let us just, so that is our computation, f x y is same, function is same, but now x is a function of 2 variables s and t and y is a function of 2 variables. So, x s t is this, y s t is this. So, what is the composite function? w now, it starts with s comma t 2 variables, maps into x of s comma t comma y of s comma t. So, this is a function of r 2 to r 2 and then there is a function f of 2 variables taking into real variable. So, the composite function is a function on r 2, where the first thing r 2 to r 2 and second one r 2 to r. So, the composite function is a function of 2 variables taking real values. So, when is a function of 2 variable composite function? Partial derivatives I can find out. So, what are the variables s and t? Composite function with respect to s, how do I find out? Partial derivative of f with respect to x, so that is 2 x into partial derivative of x, x with respect to s, because I am looking at, so into 2 s plus partial derivative of f with respect to y, 2 y into partial derivative of y with respect to s, so that is 2 t. At these 2 terms, you get the partial derivative of the composite function with respect to s and similarly with respect to t. So, this is what you will get. So, that is how you compute. See, what functions are coming and how many are there? So, that many additions and multiplications. So, I think chain rules are quite clear. More examples that you can read from the slides. So, let us look at something more. So, let us take a function f of 2 variables domain D in r 2 taking values in r. Let us assume f is differentiable. We do not need to assume that. So, we will come to that later.  So, D is a domain. So, there is a domain and for every point in the domain, the function gives some value. So, z is equal to f of x y. So, this is x y in the domain. So, you get various points. So, as I had said, you will get some kind of a surface. So, this kind of a surface you will get. So, s, which is not visible, yes, reasonably visible, s is x y f of x y. So, that is the surface collection of all such points. Now, we looked at partial derivatives of this function, existence. So, what we did? For partial derivative, we fixed one of the variables and see whether how much the change rate of change is coming along the other variable. We want to generalize this slightly. Instead of rate of change along x axis or y axis, we want to go along any vector. So, let us fix a vector u belonging to r 2. So, what is the meaning of a fixing a vector? Let us say the norm of this vector is equal to 1. So, let us say this is the vector u. That is the direction in the plane. That is the direction in the plane, in the x y plane. Now, I want to see what is the rate of change of the function along this direction, along this direction. So, at this point, let us call this point as x naught and y naught. Let us fix a point also. So, how do I move in the domain, in that direction? So, to move in the direction, I will draw a line which is parallel to that vector passing through this point x naught y naught. Is it okay? We will see as the point moves in this line, we will get a value. So, what you will get? You will get some kind of a curve. As you move on this line L, L is a line through the point x naught y naught parallel to that vector u, in the direction of that vector. Is it okay? So, as the point moves on this line, the value of the function will be a point on the surface S. So, as you move along this line, that will give you a curve on the surface. Is it okay? Geometrically quite clear. So, what I want to know is, as you move along this curve at this point, is there some rate of change of the function? How do I find out the rate of change of the function? So, what I have to do? The value at this point is f at x naught y naught. I should see how much is the increment. So, what is the nearby point? So, if I take a point near by x y, what is that in terms of x naught y naught? What is this point x y in terms of x naught y naught? It is on a line which is parallel to that vector. So, what is this x? Can I say x is equal to something and y equal to something in terms of x naught y naught? What is that? Of course, the vector u, because it is parallel to u. So, what is this? What is x? What is y? So, let us, if you want to write what is the vector x y, that is t times the vector u plus x naught y naught. Is that okay for everybody? Any point on this? So, let me demystify it for you. Imagine you are moving on that line. You are moving on this line. At the point 0, at time point 0, you are at this point. You are moving on that line. You are starting your journey at the point t equal to 0 and you are at that point. Then what will happen? You are moving in the direction time t units. How much you would have moved? t times the vector u, depending on whether it is positive, positive or negative, backward or that is physics. But, if you still do not understand it, here is. So, this is the point x naught y naught. This is the point x y. So, what are the coordinates of this? This direction is u. Vector addition now, if this is. So, what will be a point? That is t times u. This is t times the vector u. This vector is x naught y naught. So, what is x y? So, vector addition, if you like. So, this x y is equal to x naught y naught plus t times the vector u.  Is it okay? Vector addition only. Nothing more than that. So, I want rate of change. So, f at a nearby point x y. So, that is t u 1. Sorry, what is the nearby point?  That is a point nearby minus the value f at x naught y naught divided by how much is the change? How much distance you have moved? That is t, because we have taken the vector to be the unit vector.  So, that we have taken it as 1. What is that? Is that okay? We have taken the norm to be equal to 1. So, along this, this point x y is t of u plus the vector x naught y naught. So, what is the value at this point? Nearby point. Value at this point. So, there is this. That is f at the nearby point f of x y. This is f of x naught y naught. So, the increment divided by the distance. Rate of change I want to find out. So, that is what precisely I am writing. f at a nearby point minus the value at that point divided by how much is the increment? I should take the limit of this as t goes to 0. If this exists, it may not exist. We are trying to find out what is the rate of change. If it exists, it is called the directional derivative of f along the vector u at x naught y naught. So, it is of the function f along that direction u at that point. So, let us denote it by directional derivative capital D of the function f along that direction u at that point. So, let us denote it by directional derivative capital D of the function f in the direction u at the point x naught y naught. So, that is the notation we will use. So, can you say what is the partial derivative with respect to x? What is u there? It is a direction only. So, partial derivative, what is the vector u? If you want partial derivative with respect to x, it is nothing but the vector u is 1 comma 0, unit vector in the direction 1 comma 0, y direction 0 comma 1. So, those are the partial derivatives. So, they may not exist. Even partial derivative we have seen may or may not exist. So, if they exist, so this is the notation for that.


Today I'm going to talk about some games that I've been playing lately, as I like to do on my channel. I love coming in here and telling you about good games, but I'm also gonna talk about some games that I just can't get into. But I'm trying. I'm trying to get into some games, but just can't. Tell me down below which games you are trying to get into, but you just simply can't. Now, lately I have actually been playing a little bit on PC. I have now a better computer. So finally, in my life, I've started the Elder Scrolls for Oblivion, which is probably a game that you have already heard a lot about. And it is an open world RPG by Bethesda from 2006. It is such a classic. So, you know, as much as I loved Skyrim, it is really surprising, actually, that I've never really got into Oblivion and played that to the fullest. I started playing Elder Scrolls back in 2005 or 2006. Actually, I started with Morrowind, because my computer couldn't handle Oblivion when that was released. So I played Morrowind instead.  When Skyrim came out, that became my most favorite and best game that I had ever played. And I've been playing it on and off for all these years. But I just never played Oblivion. How does that even happen? It just slipped away from me because of computer problems back then. And I have never owned an Xbox before either. And at that time, I didn't even have a PlayStation 3. So, you know, Oblivion just slipped through the cracks in a lot of ways for me. That is why I never played it. But now I am. So this time, I'm giving Oblivion a brand new chance. And I have modded it a tiny bit on my computer to have just some quality of life features. Just light modding. And I can already say that Oblivion is so special. And it just gets better the more and more I play it and understand everything, like the magic and how everything is set up. It is actually a super complex game. I'm so late to discovering this, but you know, you can't blame me. I am finally now playing it and discovering it. There's so much voice acting in this game. And actually, I love the NPC AI. It is sort of stupid, but I love it. It brings just more charm to the whole experience with the game, in my opinion. The quests are very well written and the world is really beautiful, actually, to be a 2006 game. So I'm having a lot of fun in Oblivion. I'm doing the Dark Brotherhood questlines and I'm also gonna jump into the Thieves Guild and, you know, the Magus Guild. It is actually surprisingly similar to Skyrim. It's weird, okay? I'm coming from Skyrim and then jumping into Oblivion. It should have been the other way around. I can truly feel that this is a prequel to Skyrim. I mean, you level up in what you do the most, just like in Skyrim. And I like that leveling system. So you can level up whether that be in Swords or Magic or Marksmanship. You get better in what you actually do. I really feel committed now into completing Oblivion and I'm really enjoying my experience so far with Oblivion. It is out on PC, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. I have no idea why this isn't out on the Switch. It would run super well on the Switch, by far. So yeah, I can already recommend Oblivion. But you have already probably played it. Now I told you guys that I will talk more about Recore. Recore definitive addition. It is actually a game that got suggested to me by someone on my Discord server, Tarek. And you know what? From now on I trust his judgement because we have similar tastes in games. So if you feel like you have similar taste in games as me, please suggest games to me. I often listen and I often check out what you guys are commenting about. Or commenting about. Recore is unfortunately an Xbox and PC exclusive. But I'm playing it on my PC. I also have it on Game Pass. I mean, I have it on Game Pass on PC and Xbox and the same files are crossed over. It doesn't matter where I play it. Another reason why I am praising Game Pass. If you haven't already, you should check out my Xbox first impression video. My first experience with Game Pass, Xbox, anything in that realm. I'm very happy with that video. But anyways, I'm playing Recore on PC and it is smooth as butter. It is an action adventure and platforming game, released in 2016 actually. You play as a jewel, this girl who wakes up from a planned cryo sleep to a world where things didn't go as planned.  That sort of thing. Gameplay reminds me of Sword Art Fatal Bullet, actually, as it is very third person shooter-y. Controls are quick and smooth and sometimes you have to solve the puzzles. Just simple puzzles. The game also has a simple crafting system and areas that sometimes feel too big for their own good. But I like it. I like this game. It is a cute, cute game. And if you have Game Pass, that equals free. It is free for you if you have Game Pass. Now over to some games that I just can't get into, but I'm trying. Let me know if you can relate to this, but it's like for a year now, people have told me in the comments section, you should play Dragon Quest XI. I'm listening to you guys. Everyone is saying that it is a great game. It's a Square Enix game from 2017 and it is out everywhere on all consoles. But is it just me or is Dragon Quest XI really hard to get into? Because it's probably just me.  I mean, I'm trying my best. I'm going back to the game and I just can't feel really invested. So maybe there is something wrong with me. I've gotten to the desert town and done the horse race things, if you're wondering where I am at in the game. Do you guys have any tips and tricks for me for playing the game or anything? Let me know. I also feel like Dragon Quest XI on the Switch actually has quite blurry graphics. The 3D, just blurry. The Switch blurriness, everyone. Can we talk a bit about that? I love the Switch and I love the portability of the Switch.  But in the end, the graphics are better on PlayStation 4 and also on Xbox One and on PC. It's just the weakest point of the Switch. I mean, dedicated games for the Switch, like Astral Chain, wherever that game is, the graphics in that it is so crisp and, and, you know, you can see that it is sharp on the screen. But ported games like this, like multi console sort of games, I have a feeling that when they are ported, they just look really blurry.  It really does. So, yeah, I'm going to continue to give Dragon Quest XI more of a chance. And I would like to know what you think of the game. Leave a comment down below about that. Now, some other games that I have been playing a tiny bit on my Switch, and I just wanted to talk a bit about them, because this was given to me as a review code. Thank you. And it is called and, listen up, it has the longest title I've ever seen on a video game. It is called Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? Question mark. That is the title of the game. So, yeah, I've been playing that a tiny bit because I got it as a review code. I thought it looked interesting, but I'm not blown away by it. I can immediately tell that this company does not have the biggest budget for creating this game. So I want to say that the game is really mediocre. It doesn't completely suck, but it isn't entirely good either. And I think the price point is also incorrect. It is an adaptation from the Japanese manga and anime with the same name. It is an action RPG, top-down view, and outside of Dungeons, the game is only menu-based. And you know what I feel about menu-based stuff? I always love to have a hub world instead of just a menu when navigating between, you know, levels of worlds. So it just feels incredibly cheap. It's a dungeon crawler and combat is very simple. I'm not sure about combat complexity further into the game, though, but I think this game is only for fans. Only fans. Kidding. Now, another game that I got as a review code. That is actually a new game made by Gust, the people behind the Atelier games. And that is called Fairy Tale. So this is a another review code of another adaptation from anime and manga with the same name.  And you know what, I can really feel that it is very similar in the way that the game is built up sort of to the Atelier series games. But the thing is, I know nothing about Fairy Tale or the universe or the characters or the story, so it was really confusing. I don't feel like the game really explained a bunch of the lore or the story to a new player and someone new to the franchise Fairy Tale. So this game also feels like that it is for fans only, fans of the manga, anime. It has a hub place.  And the graphics are also very colorful with a contrast the outline on everything. So you know, you can feel that it is the same developers as the Atelier games. But when I started this game on my Switch, the game was actually struggling a lot with the frame rate. Running through the first city was really, really chugging. It was not a good first impression. I want to like this game, but so far I don't feel very interested. But we will see. So in other news, everyone, and this is kind of embarrassing and funny, I found my Animal Crossing Switch save. It was buried deep within the shell of the old Switch.  And I gave that switch to my cousin. But the thing is out of curiosity, I recreated my profile. I'm re logged into my profile and created my own Nintendo ID profile into his Switch. And then I downloaded from my account, Animal Crossing. And when I logged into Animal Crossing, it said, we already have an island on this Switch. So there's my island. But it's it's the same story still, because it's gone. I've given that switch away now. And Nintendo does not want to help me to move that old island to my new Switch. So I'm stuck either way. They were like, no, we will not transfer that over to you because the actual transfer service, when you need it, they don't give it to you out of nowhere. You have to prove that you have lost your Switch or broken your Switch or it was stolen. So me giving the switch to my cousin, that didn't apply. It's gone forever. I've given up. And another tiny news, you know, the news is that it is a while back now. But I've just never said it officially on my channel. I did a live panel for Uplink, which is the Long Island Retro Gaming Convention. These guys, I'm planning on uploading the entire panel to my Patreons. Another thing that happened a little while back is that I was on a collab video with Metal Jesus Rocks. So that is also fun. Link to that down below. Now, that was all for today. It was really random video anyways. But some PC games that I've been playing and some Switch games that I can't get into and some, you know, mediocre Switch games and some news at the end there. So you never know what you're going to get when you click on an e-show gaming video, that's for sure. So thank you so much for watching, everyone. And I will see you later.