This country was founded on the principle of, you know, no taxation without representation and yet we're still fighting the same fight, you know? We're not being represented in the government at all. But if we can't do anything about it, then, you know, who can? Members of Representatives Rockford took advantage of Tax Day yesterday to send a message. Rallied against the influence of money in politics. Raised awareness about corruption in government. It feels like people that have the money have a lot more. I would say people trying to get money out of politics are doing a good thing. I think what Representatives is doing is incredible. It's super important and I think they're doing a great job and I hope that they keep going and keep doing what they're doing.


Welcome folks, we at the Dow Industrial finished up 112, Nasdaq up 78, S&P up 15, Gold contract up $24.60, trade at $19.23 an ounce, we had Silver up 40 cents, $24.41 an ounce, Light Sweet Crude up a buck 53, $79.92 a barrel, notes and bonds, a 10 yando, down 12-6, trade at $114.27, the 30 year off 19 at $130.02 and King dollar, King dollar, down 66 takes, trade at 102, 181, Euro 108, Yen 127, British pound, 122 to 1 US dollar, we get over here, let's see what we did coming into the close, see if we got any volume inside this market at the close, no juice, but guess what, it closed over the high so I can go higher, the high of yesterday was $398, $48, $398.56, so this is when points going to get interesting here, big contraction of volume, yesterday we did $90 million, today we did $58 million, we take a look at the NDX100, the 3Qs, same type of setup inside the 3Qs, it's closed over the high though, so that means I can go high, the contraction is huge, the contraction is $41 million versus $60 million, and so that's setting up, well we'll see where it takes, I was going to say setting up lower price, but the bottom line when you close over high you can get higher, that's the bottom line, we take a look at the gold contract, gold contract out here, G-C, gold contract moved $25 and what will happen is that gold will trade Sunday night, even though it closed Monday morning, I believe it will, I know bonds do, bottom line is that we take a look at this, we bring this back and put this on a continuous contract, your next, whoops not that one I got to do it this way, so your next swing point inside this contract, there it is, come on, come on, come on, come on, there we go, your next swing point is right there, that swing point is $19.97, so we'll see where they can basically do it, we had two good highs up here, because what we're looking for, this is what you're looking for, you're looking for breaking the B point because it looks that this is a much larger ABC structure up, that's where I think we're going with this thing, folks have a great weekend, a safe weekend, come back, visit Tommy Tuesday morning, 9 o'clock kicks us off, we'll get them folks.


is the physics of flight. So when we talk about flights and aircrafts, how do they take off? How do they land? What are the physics involved? What is the science behind it? We will talk about principles of flight, certain principles that we are going to touch base upon the four forces of flight, getting familiar with the parts of the aircraft. Now an aircraft has a lot of parts, both interior and exterior. However, in this particular module, we'll only touch base on the exterior parts of the aircraft. We'll talk about Newton's law of motion as well as Bernoulli's principle, which is the most important factor which helps us understand the theory of flight, the purpose and the functions of the different airline parts. And that's what is on the agenda today, friends. So let's keep talking about this particular module. So friends, let's understand what exactly is aerodynamics. Well, if you have to give it a definition, aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects when they go through the air. Studying the motion of air around an object allows us to measure the forces of lift, which allows an aircraft to overcome gravity and drag, which is the resistance an aircraft feels when it moves through the air. Well, aerodynamics is a very interesting study and once you understand that, it will really help you to understand how an aircraft really moves through the air. Well, there are certain principles of flight, so let's take a look at them. There is a flight path, which is what the aircraft takes whenever it has to fly from one destination to another. So there is a particular flight path that the crew that is the captain or the pilot needs to follow. There is a relative wind, which is going in the opposite direction. So the flight path is in the front direction and the relative wind is actually going against the aircraft, making it go towards the destination. There is a thrust, which is the forward movement of a particular aircraft. There is a drag, which is actually making the aircraft go behind and rather making it happen the thrust factor. Component of weight opposed to lift and the rearward component of weight. These, my friends, are certain principles of the flight. Talking about airfoils. Now, what exactly are airfoils and how do they help on the movement of the aircraft? They help to create the force of lift and lift is something which we will talk about in detail. There can be wings or propeller blades, include leading and the trailing edges and cambers and chord lines. Leading edge of the aircraft is towards the nose of the aircraft and the trailing edge of the aircraft is towards the aft or the backside of the aircraft. We are going to talk about the four forces and this is a very crucial part of understanding the theory of the flight. Well, there are main four forces which act on the aircraft. These four forces are lift, weight, drag and thrust. Now, they all act in the opposite direction, which helps the aircraft move through the air and even take off and land in that particular order. The four forces, let's understand are in any level flight, the lift equals the weight and thrust equals drag. When the airplane flies at a constant velocity, maintaining a steady flight requires a balance, often described as an equilibrium of all the forces together. So, when the aircraft is in a motion and is a constant motion, that is the time all these forces are acting against each other and in equilibrium. Upon the airplane, the weight, lift, thrust and drag are acting forces on the aircraft or the airplane. The four forces act on the airplane in the flight and also work against each other. So, it's very important to understand if these forces do not act against each other, the flight will not be able to take off. Hence, they need to be an opposite reaction. Let's understand these four forces in a little detail. So, what exactly is drag? Drag is a movement which actually stops or retards the front movement or the forward movement of an aircraft in the flight. So, it's important that a drag needs to be there for the thrust to happen and that is the backward movement. Lift is an upward force which opposes gravity, supports the waist of the aircraft and that's something which helps the aircraft lift itself off the ground and move forward. Thrust is the force which moves the aircraft forward in the particular direction and weight, as you all know, is something that is holding the aircraft down. It's like the center of gravity wherein weight is always towards the center of gravity and always towards the earth. So, that is weight. It is the force caused by the gravitational attraction of the earth. Let's understand each of these forces in detail now. We'll start with weight. So, let's understand the force which is most familiar to us because weight is something that we feel every single day of our life. Every human being feels the weight. It is always directed towards the center of the earth. For the aircraft to fly, enough lift must be generated to counteract the weight of the aircraft plus the fuels plus the payload or the passengers. Now, for anything to happen, there has to be a accumulation of certain factors and for weight to happen, it needs to make sure that the aircraft weight is having all the weight of the fuel, the payload, the passengers, etc. Everything together will help to take the weight of the aircraft. Weight acts through the center of gravity. Lift acts through the center of pressure and that's very important to understand. It's not an aerodramatic force but a field force. Weight is not something which is felt suddenly. It's something which is always there and it's like a field force. So, that's important on weight. Talking about lift which is the forward movement of the aircraft. Well, lift happens for two main reasons or two things lead it to happen. The air as well as the motion. Now, these two things are very important for the lift to happen. If any of these either air or motion is not there, the aircraft will not be able to lift itself from the aircraft or rather the ground. How do we explain lift? Lift is very beautifully explained with the help of Newton's law. Now, we're going to discuss three Newton's law and I'm sure you must have read about it in your physics class. Well, let's talk about the first Newton's law of motion. A body in motion tends to stay in motion in a straight line and a body at rest tends to stay at rest unless an outside force causes it to stop and that's Newton's first law of motion. Let's look at the second law of Newton's motion. Newton's second law states that acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to its mass. In other words, it is difficult to change the speed of massive objects and it is easier to change the speed of smaller objects. I'm sure friends, you must have experienced it in your day to day life. When you have to push something small, you don't have to put too much pressure or force but if you have to really push something heavy like a truck or a bus or a big vehicle, you require a lot of force to push that thing or that particular object. Just like a lady out here is trying to push a big bus but it's really impossible to do so. Pushing a smaller object is much easier and that is second law of Newton. The second law of motion has a very simple formula which is, let's understand what the formula is. Force is equal to mass into acceleration. You can use F is equal to NA to calculate exactly how powerful an engine would have to be to supply enough pushing force to accelerate for takeoff. It's important that the force is huge. Even the, you know, more than the weight of the aircraft, the force has to be double or triple the time so that it can really give that kind of push to the aircraft to takeoff. Coming into Newton's third law of motion, let's understand what is that. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Jet propulsion is an example. For jet planes, I mean why do we say jet planes are very, very fast and speedy because of the fact that they have these propeller blades which help them to really create a swiftness or speediness when they takeoff. Just like you can see on this particular slide, air, when it moves below the kite, it helps the kite to lift up. In the same manner, when we talk about the aircraft, when air goes beneath the wing of the aircraft, it helps the aircraft to lift itself up and that is Newton's third law of motion. For every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction. Let's understand the third force of this particular theory of flight. The third one is drag. Now what exactly is drag? I'm sure, friends, you must have experienced this. When you go in a vehicle, in a car, for example, and you roll down the windows, when you put your hand outside the window, you feel the air passing through your, you know, rather pushing your hand and that is what is drag. It's a resistance. So drag is a mechanical force generated by a solid object moving through a fluid. Drag is a force of resistance that the aircraft feels as it moves through the air. So when the aircraft is moving through the air, there are different parts of the aircraft which are coming out and that is providing the drag to that particular aircraft. Let's look at certain facts with regards to theory. For an airplane to take off, lift must be greater than weight. If the lift is not greater than the weight, the aircraft will never be able to, you know, take off and that's important. So the lift has to be greater than the weight. For an airplane to speed up while flying, thrust must be greater than drag. So if the thrust is not greater than the drag, the aircraft will not be able to move in the forward direction. It will really be lacking behind and trying, you know, kind of falling off, which I'm sure is going to be a scary experience. So for the airplane to speed up, it's important that the thrust needs to be a little greater than the drag. Some more facts. Engines, which are either jet or propeller, typically provide the thrust for the aircraft. When you fly a paper airplane, you generate the thrust. So it's simply said that the engine or whatever the engine of the aircraft, if it is jet or propeller, that is providing the aircraft with the thrust, the movement or the forward movement of the aircraft. A propeller is a spinning wheel that generates the lift in a forward direction. Well, friends, now we're coming to a very important aspect of this particular module, which is understanding the different parts of the aircraft. As we mentioned before, we'll talk about these exterior parts of the aircraft. Let me introduce you to this exterior part of the aircraft. Well, you have a lot of things written out here. I'm going to take you one by one. We have the propeller, the engine of the aircraft, the fuel tank, which is located right at the wing, the ailerons, the radio antenna, the elevator trim tab, vertical stabilizers, flashing beacon, the rudder. We have the elevator and the horizontal stabilizer. We have the flaps, navigation light, landing gear and the fuselage, which is the body of the aircraft. Well, do not worry because we are going to explain what these parts are and how do they really function in an aircraft. Let's quickly look at what we will cover in detail. We'll talk about the wings of the aircraft, rudder, ailerons, flaps, fuselage, elevator and last, the spoilers. These aircrafts help the aircraft in the forward backward side movements. So let's look at them. Let's understand the role of different parts. So what do the wings do? The wings of the aircraft generate most of the lift to hold the airplane in the air and that's the reason why wings are there. They hold the aircraft up in the air. To generate lift, the airplane must be pushed through the air. I'm sure when you travel by airlines, you see the part when the aircraft is in a full takeoff role before taking off and that's the kind of speed which is required because if the aircraft doesn't have that speed, it will not be able to lift. The jet engines which are located beneath the wings provide the thrust to push the airplane forward through the air and that's what we have studied a little while before that you need the engines to give the thrust so that the aircraft is able to move forward. To control and maneuver the aircraft, smaller wings are located at the tail of the plane. The tail usually has two parts which is the vertical stabilizer and the horizontal stabilizer. Let's understand what the roles of each of these stabilizers are. The stabilizer's job is to provide stability for the aircraft to keep it from flying straight and do not lose its balance. The vertical stabilizer keeps the nose of the plane from swinging from side to side whereas the horizontal stabilizer prevents an up and down motion of the aircraft. Well, the hinge part of the vertical stabilizer is called the rudder. So on the vertical stabilizer, there is a part which is known as the rudder. Now what does the rudder do? It is used to deflect the tail to the left and right as viewed from the front of the fuselage. So the rudder is actually making sure that the tail goes from the left to the right whenever the requirement is there. The hinge part of the vertical or rather the horizontal stabilizer is called the elevator. Now what does an elevator do? It is used to deflect the tail up and down. So a rudder helps in the left and right movement of the aircraft and the elevator helps in the up and down movement of the aircraft. The outboard hinged part of the wing is known as ailerons. It is used to roll the wings from side to side. I'm sure when you travel by airlines you must have seen that the aircraft goes from you know side to side that's called as yawing. Now how that does happen? It happens with the help of ailerons which help the aircraft to move from side to side. Most of the airlines can also be rolled from side to side by the use of spoilers. Well, what are spoilers? Spoilers are small plates that are used to disrupt the flow of the wing and change the amount of force by decreasing the lift when the spoiler is deployed. The airline crew meaning the cockpit crew the pilot has the button in his particular cabin wherein he can remove the spoilers as and when it's required. So spoilers are there which will help the aircraft kind of you know change the speed of the aircraft whenever it's the possibility is there. The wings have additional hinds rear sections near the body that are known as flaps and I'm sure you must have seen it again when you fly. The flaps are there which are deployed downward on the takeoff and landing to increase the amount of force produced by the wing. So flaps are there on the wing both the wings of the aircraft and when you take off and land these flaps come up which helps to really give the thrust to the aircraft. So well friends that makes us come to an end on this particular module on theory of flight where we have understood so many things on this particular module right from understanding the principles of flight to the forces of flight and also understanding the different parts of the exterior aircraft. I do hope you have enjoyed listening to this particular module and I'm sure you have taken a lot of values from this particular module. Keep watching more and more videos coming your way. Till then thank you very much.


brothers and sisters dear respected viewers hello and welcome to land of Hussain hello and welcome to land of Aba al-Fadl al-Abbas alayhi salam welcome to land of Karbala peace of paradise welcome to Karbala and thank you for being with us stay tuned inshallah tonight we are going to be together to spend our time just for Ziyarah live Ziyarah and visiting Holy Shrine of Imam Hussain alayhi salam and Aba al-Fadl al-Abbas alayhi salam live through Imam Hussain TV3 channel and through this live Ziyarah show welcome to Karbala tonight like other night I'm going to start this show inshallah by a short Salam to Imam Hussain alayhi salam and then Aba al-Fadl al-Abbas alayhi salam in Arabic and I would like you to join me in this Salam and after that inshallah I'm going to receive your beautiful salams and praise our Facebook live show and read them so your Salam will be heard from Imam Hussain TV3 channel in Karbala inshallah so first we start say Salam to Imam Hussain alayhi salam but before we say Salam I would like to ask Imam Hussain alayhi salam to grant health for all the mu'min and mu'minat inshallah all around the world and call all the mu'min and mu'minat to be able call them to come here to Karbala and visit the Holy Shrine of Imam Hussain alayhi salam and Aba al-Fadl al-Abbas alayhi salam especially in 40 period we say Salam to Imam Hussain together As-salamu alayka ya mazlum as-salamu alayka wa ala l-arwahi l-lathi halat Befinayi aleyka minni salam Allahi abaadmaa baqitu Now, let's say salam to Abul-Fadl Al-Abbas, alayhi salam. Qamar Al-Asheera, Moon of the Bani Hashan tribe, Sun of Amir al-Mu'mineen, al-Yibna, al-Bit'alib, al-Alayhi salam. As-salamu alayka, ayyuhal abd al-Salih, as-salamu alayka, ya Saqi, atasha, karbalaq, as-salamu alayka, ya Qatia al-Kaffayn, as-salamu alayka, wa ala ummika, ummi al-Baniin, wa ala ikhwatika, al-Musta shahedina bayna yadey, abaa Abdullah al-Husayn. Ya Abul-Fadl Al-Abbas, ya Qamar Al-Asheera, ya Saqi, atasha, karbalaq, we ask you, we beg you to help us. First of all, I would like to ask God to hasten the appearance of Imam of our time in your sake. I hope and I ask God to hasten the appearance of Imam of our time in Abul-Fadl Al-Abbas's sake. Abul-Fadl Al-Abbas's sake is great with God because Abul-Fadl Al-Abbas sacrificed whatever he had for Imam of his time, for Imam Husayn, alayhi as-salam. Although he was a great warrior, although he was a great one who could vanish the enemies because of his great power, who he inherited from his father, Amir al-Mu'mineen, al-Yibna al-Bit'alib, alayhi as-salam, but he listened and accepted his Imam's order because Imam Husayn told him, you're not going to fight them, you are only going to bring water for the tents and for those who are in the tents and are thirsty. So after this salam to Imam Husayn, alayhi as-salam, and Abul-Fadl Al-Abbas, alayhi as-salam, let's have, let's have a minute or less looking at the beautiful shrines of Imam Husayn, alayhi as-salam, and Abul-Fadl Al-Abbas, alayhi as-salam, and get ready, insha'Allah, for receiving your beautiful price. Music Control room for preparing these beautiful pictures, live pictures from Holy Shrine of Abul-Fadl Al-Abbas, alayhi as-salam, and Imam Husayn, alayhi as-salam for you. As I told you, we are getting closer and closer to arba'een, and the more we get close to arba'een, the faster Mu'mineen's and Mu'mina's heart beats. Somebody are starting their walking journey from now, from very, very distance places, such as Basleh or the other places. Step by step, slowly, slowly, those Ma'aqib, those places for receiving and serving Zawar are being established in Karbala, in different places in the streets, different Ma'aqib, different tents, different places to serve Zawar are getting established and starting their constructing. I wish if all of you, dear brothers and sisters, insha'Allah, to be able to come to Karbala and join the great ceremony, the great morning of walking to Karbala, arba'een Ziyarah, which is so great, and insha'Allah, all of you, dear brothers and sisters, be able to come, or even if for any reason you cannot come, I hope you help others who would like to come and by your help they can come to Karbala, insha'Allah, you help them and make them come to Karbala, and their Ziyarah will be, insha'Allah, be your own Ziyarah too, or even if you are not able to help others economically, just try to encourage them. Emotionally and by your soul, or even you can send letters or contact the Iraqi places in your country, Iraqi embassies in your country, of course they will hear you and if they see there are lots of demands, lots of requests for arba'een ziyarah, I'm sure they will pay attention to it, and they will make something, they will do something, insha'Allah, of course, Aba'l-Fallil Abbas, alayhi salam, and Imam Fasayn alayhi salam will support you, any single attempt that you do for arba'een ziyarah, insha'Allah, will not be neglected by Imam Fasayn alayhi salam, and Aba'l-Fallil Abbas alayhi salam, so let's make this Ziyarah of arba'een for this month another great show, another great power showing to the world, which shows that Shia Muslims are so powerful in their souls, in their hearts, and Fasayn has got a very, very great position in the world, not only among Shia Muslims, because in this Ziyarah, lots of people from other religions also come and join this Ziyarah. My dear brothers and sisters, tonight is another night through which and in which we are going to say salam to Imam Fasayn alayhi salam, we are going to feel ourselves here in Karbala. I know right now lots of my brothers and sisters who are watching this live show are willing if they could be here in Karbala, and I would like to pray for those who are ill, for those who are not, who are diseased and are not able to come, insha'Allah I ask God to help them and cure them as soon as possible, for sake of Imam Sajad alayhi salam, for sake of Aba'l-Fallil Abbas alayhi salam.  So you need to pay attention and hear the voice of Fasayn. I'm so glad to be able to be the connection between you and Imam Fasayn alayhi salam. I'm so proud for being here and serving all the mu'mineen and mu'minat all around the world, insha'Allah. God accepts these ziyara from all of you, even if you're not sending any message till now, try to write a salam, at least a salam for Imam Fasayn alayhi salam through Facebook. Our Facebook live show is on, so for those who have got internet connection, you can send your salam or any other pray that you apply to this live show, live ziyara, and insha'Allah I will read it for you. And I'm sure that Imam Fasayn alayhi salam will hear it, because Imam Fasayn is so kind and not only Shi'a people, but all the world know Hussain. Even if somebody doesn't know, even if someone doesn't know who Hussain is, you and I, this is our duty to introduce Hussain to the world, insha'Allah. There's a message from Nadia Bukhari on Facebook. She says, Please Mola call me soon to Karbala, put these names in Mola al-Larih, insha'Allah. She also says, please pray for my health. My sister Nadia, I don't know where you are sending these messages from, but wherever you are, I hope God grants you health and success in all your steps. I hope you and your respected family be in a good condition in any step in their life, and insha'Allah God have mercy on you and on your family. Because doing ziyarah, sending salam to Imam Fasayn alayhi salam and thinking of Imam Fasayn alayhi salam is such a pure feeling, is such a pure act that God has specified an angel for taking salam from people and bringing them to Imam Fasayn alayhi salam. You know what that angel's name is, Phutrus. When Imam Fasayn alayhi salam was born, all the angels from the sky, they were coming to the house of Fatima Salawatullah wa salamuhu alayhi salamuhu alayhi salamuhu alayhi salamuhu to congratulate Amir al-Mu'mineen Ali ibn Abi Talib alayhi salam and Holy Prophet Muhammad and Fatima ibn Zahra for their new baby Imam Fasayn alayhi salam. During this way and among their way there was an angel who was in an island or somewhere. He was not able to fly anymore because of something that what had happened to him. I'm not going to enter the details for what happened for him before but he was not able to fly because of his broken wings. When he saw all those angels coming to Imam Fasayn, this angel asked them, where are you going? And they said that it is Imam Fasayn's birthday. We are going to celebrate this and congratulate Holy Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. Then Phutrus asks God to let him go with them and maybe he can regain his help and fix his wings. When he goes with them, Holy Prophet Muhammad says to him, if you want your wings to be fixed just rub them to where Hussain is sleeping. When Phutrus does this, his wings return as they were. In that time, Phutrus swears and makes a promise, swears to God and makes a promise and says, I promise whoever says salam to Hussain, I will take his salam and bring the salam to Hussain. So when you say salam, your message, your salam will be taken by Phutrus, by this angel and brought to Imam Hussain. And right now Imam Hussain TV channel, this live show, live Ziyara, welcome to Karbala, is trying to work as Phutrus too. We are trying to be a connection between you and Imam Hussain. So say whatever you would like to. My sister Nadia Bukhari is replying to my question. She says, thank you brother Mullah, Mullah give you Adjur Alim. Thank you so much, my sister. I'm from Pakistan, Islamabad. Thank you so much. Thank you so much, my sister Nadia. I see lots of Pakistani and Indian Shia people here in Karbala every day. And I have just said this before, those Shia people, they have kind of pure feeling in their hearts. I have seen lots of other Shia people coming to Karbala and they are all pure. They are all perfect. I respect them all and I'm proud of serving them all.   And inshallah, I hope God bless all the Shia believers and believers in Pakistan and India and European countries, in American countries, Australia, Africa and Asia, wherever there is a Shia person, inshallah, God bless him or her and inshallah, God grants them a good health and inshallah, God help them to be able to come to Karbala and visit Karbala, visit Holy Shrine of Imam Hussain, peace be upon him, peace be upon him, especially in Arba'i period.  All you respected viewers and zareen of Imam Hussain, peace be upon him, we've got messages from my sister Fatima Waqeel and I would like to thank her for her messages, of course because I've got an issue on WhatsApp, I cannot receive her message because the device that I've got is not connected to the same device which is receiving the WhatsApp messages so my brothers in control room, they said that she is sending her messages and her salam, inshallah, I hope she be healthy, he and her family, inshallah, and I can also see here some other messages on Facebook, Nadiya Bukhari also says Mullah, please I want to come to Karbala on Arba'i, inshallah, I pray also for her and her family and all the Pakistani Shia Muslims to be able to come to Karbala, inshallah. Maryam Zaydi says, As-salamu alaika ya Aba Abdullah Hussain, as-salamu alaika ya Aba al-Fatima al-Abbas, as-salam and Maryam Zaydi also says and my family, I think that she means that she would like to come to Karbala, she and her family would like to come to Karbala for arba'i ziyara, inshallah, I would like to see all of you here in Karbala and inshallah, don't forget to pray for us, for my friends, my colleagues and I here in Karbala, we are praying for you and you don't forget to pray for us too. My dear brothers and sisters, tonight's live ziyara is going to end and finish but tomorrow, the day after tomorrow and the other nights, inshallah, we are going to meet with you and we will have this live opportunity of doing ziyara together. Thank you so much for being with us, inshallah, God bless you and God have mercy on all of you for being such a pure shia and follower and loyal to Ahlul Bayt, alaykum as-salam, thank you for being with us and have a great night, goodbye.


All right. Hi everyone. I'm first of all, sorry about the delay. Sorry to the FOSTA organizers for making them look bad. It's all my fault, so I'm also happy that I have a pretty short talk right now, because I think we'll still manage on time. If not, we'll run a little bit over maybe with questions if people have any. So yeah, my name is Eric. I work at Collabora, and I'm going to talk to you about what's happened in the last year of the Zinc project. So yeah, I'll just start. So one year ago, I was here at FOSTA, and I presented about Zinc. For those who don't know the Zinc project, it's an OpenGL implementation on top of Vulkan using Mesa 3D and the Gallium interface. What we had was running OpenGL 3.0 or at least exposed that. Turns out that there are some more tests running and stuff.  So yeah, we were failing a whole lot of Piglet tests and I don't have the numbers, but it wasn't great, but it was working for some applications. So this fall, Zinc got upstreamed in Mesa and became a part of Mesa 19.3. So it's no longer living in a branch. It's now shipping. It's not compiling by default, but you can enable it the same way as you enable any Gallium drivers. We've started getting some contributions from other people. So now I think five people have contributed to Zinc. I think last year there was two, so this is interesting. Now everything happens upstream and the upstream issue tracker and stuff like that, so no point in filing issues in my fork any longer. We've sadly had to revert away from the OpenGL 3.0 stuff. So we're now only exposing OpenGL 2.1. There's two major features missing that were in the last prototype that needs some re-engineering. Yeah. So since last year, we've added some features that are quite nice. We now properly support control flow in the shaders. So you can do all of your ifs and switches and loops and stuff like that. We properly forward point sizes if they're not written from the vertex shader. We do alpha testing and transform feedback and conditional rendering support because we re-engineered some of the way things are emitted and some how curious where it worked because yeah, the old thing failed in a lot of cases. Yeah. So I'm currently doing a quite more structured testing than before. So these numbers are actually a little bit out of date. They were up to date three days ago, but now I've improved some stuff. So we have about 3,000 something tests passing. I think we're down to almost half of the failures now, and even less crashes. So that's probably closer to 80 percent pass rate right now. Most of the failures right now, or at least a big bulk of them, has to do with unsupported edge flags, which we need to do something more clever about. Right now, we just fail, throw an error and give up. Yeah, and also some stuff due to unsupported lines tipple. Lines tipple we have an easy way forward with because there's an extension for better lines in Vulcan. Now that it's exposed by I think both the ANV and Rad-V drivers that allow us to forward lines tippling. Last time, I have some experimental patches for it. There seems to be some differences in how this works in Vulcan and OpenGL. So it didn't really pass a whole lot of tests. It started stippling, but there's some more stuff to it. Yeah, performance is something I keep getting asked about. I keep trying to avoid the question a bit. It's not great, but it's also not really the main focus of the project. I'm not saying that we don't care about performance, but I'm trying to prepare us for a future where we don't need OpenGL anymore. So hopefully, I don't think this is going to be super relevant for the next five years, and then machines will be a little bit faster and OpenGL, like more high-end stuff will be ported, and I think we will not care that much. But of course, it's nice to get the performance we can. Yeah, so not much has changed there. I don't really do any systematic numbers here, but Pheronix did a benchmarking of Zinc on top of Radvi versus Radium SI, and I'm surprised by the results. Some of the tests are almost on par. I'm guessing those are cases where GPU bound, and for some reason, we happen to do things that are okay for the GPU. But some are pretty far off, and then we're talking about maybe 25 to 33 percent-ish of the performance. So still usable, but not anything you want to game on, for instance. Just from how Zinc is engineered, I think there's quite a lot that can be done for performance. We're doing a very simple translation model, where we're not trying to be terribly clever, and I think at some point, we're probably going to have to start being a bit more clever. Yeah, so some about the stuff I'm working on. Next on my to-do list here is crossing up OpenGL 3.0 again. Yeah, and these slides are out of it or this already, because I added back instance rendering and texture-proof objects over the weekend, or not over the weekend, but the last couple of days. But yeah, the conditional rendering and the transforms feedback stuff needs some more work. I also want to start testing for OpenGL AS 2.0. I suspect that we're already there, but in terms of features, probably fail some tests and some bugs there, but I think we should have all of the stuff that's required. But I haven't spent any time on it, but I think after I've landed GL 3.0, I think this might be what I will look into next. Yeah, and then it's the cool like this is moving slowly currently, because I'm working on Zinc as a part-time R&D project at work, and I'm super busy with some other paid client work at the time. So, I don't have a great way out of that. This is going to be the case for some months going forward. But if you need Zinc to move faster, I think there's two options. You can either work on it yourself, or you could hire a collaborator work on it for you. Yeah, I think we're at the point where I think to move this faster and more robustly, we need to find some paying customers or something to spend some proper time on it. All right, that was my talk. So, I managed, didn't I? Yeah. One minute over. Yeah, sure. Over the years, so I'm curious what is your mid-to-long-term goal like do you aim to support all versions of OpenGL or only like the modern ones? Yeah, okay, sorry. So, the question was if I plan on supporting only old or new OpenGL versions or like what the long-term plan for Zinc is, and the long-term plan from my perspective, this is going to take a while, but it is full OpenGL support all the way as much as we can. I don't care too much about hypothetical Vulcan drivers, for instance. So, I'm pretty happy to use extensions where that gets me out of a problem. But I don't see anything in the way for, for instance, if someone has a driver and they want to hire OpenGL first and we might have to implement some lowering to some master stuff. For instance, foresee quite a lot of fixed function stuff being lowered to geometry shader stuff in the future for instance, stuff like Edge Flags. So, yeah, long-term goal I think, I don't see a reason why not to go for the full OpenGL 4.6 compatibility profile, but it's going to take a while. Anyone else? So, two topics at the same time, just looking at how much work it is and how you would like to be hired to work on it. Is this Linux only or is it usable on other platforms? One platform you can think of would be the Mac, where the OpenGL support has been completely dropped and something like that could actually help developers, even corporate developers to see quite some work. Okay, so the question was about platform support and if it's Linux only or if it works on other platforms as well. It works on Linux and on Mac OS. So, I have not, I don't have a Mac, I don't test on Mac, but we have users who use it on top of molten VK, on top of metal to run on Mac. So, there are people who do this and there's some interesting people trying this for some kind of big projects. I don't think anyone is doing this in production, but yeah, I don't, so right now, the implementation is kind of tied to Mesa and Windows system implementations there and Mesa doesn't, to my knowledge, have any Windows, Windows integration apart from the software Rasterizer stuff. Zinc has the ability to hook in as a software Rasterizer, basically as a mem copy into a frame buffer, and I guess in theory that could be wired up, but I think it's gonna be pretty terrible for performance reasons, so I kind of, I'm not planning on going down that road. Features that you are missing from Vulkan, which prevent you from. Right, so the question is if there's any, I don't see a reason why we can't add extensions, especially not, I'm primarily targeting the Intel ANV driver, because that's the hardware I have, and that driver happens to live in the same tree, which is super convenient. So at some point I might look into that. I'm more interested in this for compatibility than for features though, because there's some things that are just a little bit too crazy to implement without any extensions. But I think the answer is yes, we could go down that road, we're not actively pursuing it yet. This could very well change, for instance, if we get a paying customer who does care about performance. I think that's probably a likely outcome at some point that we get some benchmark results or goals that we need to reach. All right. How hard do you think it would be to do things? It could be useful for some compatibility stuff there. You basically just open the old maps, it's almost straight to a Vulkan folder, how many of them are like, but what really? The API translates more or less directly to the Vulkan API. And I think to answer that question kind of truthfully will be kind of a long answer because we're not implementing OpenGL, we're implementing the Gallium interface. The Gallium interface is much closer to something like the Dart 3D10. We're taking a pretty naive approach where we're kind of like just pulling the handbrake whenever semantics break, if we don't. So right now we're going pretty directly, I would say. We're doing stuff like, for instance, Vulkan has the concept of render passes. And we're just starting and stopping them whenever commands aren't allowed inside a render pass. So we're not trying to reorder things and track dependencies, for instance. That is a horrible idea and that's definitely gonna have to change, but for now it works much better than I feared. I think one of the reasons for that is probably that I'm currently targeting desktop GPUs largely and they don't really benefit from render passes as much as tile-based renderers do. Shaders, yeah, so the question is how do I deal with shaders? And this is, I think, one of the more interesting parts of Zinc, at least for me. So we take shaders, for Mesa we get shaders, okay, I have to wrap up soon. We get shaders as GLSL or ARB Vertex Program, they get converted into some IR and then into NUR, which is a general IR in Mesa. And NUR gets translated finally to SPUR-V, which gets handed over to the, yes. Probably, so yeah, the question is if going from NUR to SPUR-V and back again could be avoided, because the driver, the Vulcan driver will, if it's a Mesa-based Vulcan driver, will translate back to NUR. So we're gonna do a little bit of a dance there. Yes, I think that could be avoided. This, I think, is an interesting point to look into making an extension. That being said, NUR isn't really made for serializing in a, there is a NUR serialization level, but it needs to, it needs to serialize to the exact same version, so you can't have, because NUR changes over time. So you would have to either guarantee that the drivers are built from the exact same tree. I think it would be possible to negotiate like NUR and the Mesa-SHA version and try to avoid it in that case. And yeah, I think that would be interesting. It would maybe save us some time. I haven't seen any profiling data indicating that currently shader compilation is a problem, but I'm guessing that might become a problem once we fix some of the other worst problems. All right, time is up, so thank you all for all the questions.


أحذي من خلدتنا أن أقالف لألو سبحانه وتعالى إنك أنت العنين ردش رخل يستطعوني ويسروني ورحلوا رفضة تنيني سعيني جدتك رخل يصول الله على سيدنا ومحمده وعلى أهالي بي كيف تفعله today؟ كيف يفعله today؟ كيف يفعله today؟ today, Insha Allah, time is not an issue. There should be time for you to ask questions. And I think also even as we go through the speech, if you have questions, I don't see any harm in your asking the questions. I want to read to you the speech today. Reading the speech is not very entertaining. This is a speech that I gave on December the 22nd in the Gambia conference that we hold in the Gambia for the last five years. Mashallah it's gotten better and better every year. And Shaykh Al-Happam, Al-Amin Fawadia, he was one of the honorable guests that were there. And so he liked the speech and he thought that this speech would be useful for you, that it would be beneficial for you. I hope it will be. I don't really know how long it will take. I don't think it will take too long. But when I gave it to the Gambia, I gave it in Arabic and I gave it in English. The English that you were very dear. And then we had it translated into Mandinka. And then we had it translated into Wolof. That's the way we do all our conferences. West Africa is especially the Gambia. Who knows where the Gambia is? Where is the Gambia? Where is it? Are you from Africa? Okay, where are you from? Nigeria. So the Gambia is the smallest country in Africa. Very little. And it's right in the middle of Senegal. It's actually the Gambia River and the literal lands that are around the Gambia River. And it's a very nice country. The Gambia is very friendly. It's very safe. They call it the smiling coast of West Africa. So we gave the conference there. And it was very nice. We had a lot of people attend. So insha'Allah, if you have an objection, then we will give this speech insha'Allah. And then we can talk about it. The title of this speech is We Are Here For Everyone. We are here for everyone. Anything that we're here to serve everyone. To help everyone. To benefit everyone. Authentic Sufism. And its role in performing the bunma and uniting Muslims. Praise be to God. Whose praise is the key to opening successfully every matter of wisdom and consequence. And in whose remembrance and obedience the people of a certain faith. And eternal felicity by infinite joy. May God extol and grant perfect peace to him Who is sent as a special mercy to all the world. First and preeminence. Honor. And greatness among all God's prophets. The best of His creation. Our noble Lord. Sayyidi Al-Muhammad. The Messenger of God. And to his family, his companions. And his brothers. The Divine Messengers. And to all the Archangels. Here is to God. We live in an age of contradictions. Ours is an age of new types of science. Rare knowledges. And extensive information. It is an age of discoveries. Inventions. Innovations. Transcontinental connections. And amazing commodities that we manufacture and consume. At the same time, it is an age of unprecedented manifestations of ignorance and denial. We have forgotten the wisdom of our forbearers. We are cut off from each other and our families. We have altered good customs and principles. And we have seen the unprecedented spread of previously unknown diseases. And loads of destruction and types of oppression. Modern man lays claim to progress. And he has made progress in many things. But he has also retrogressed in others. And stands on the brink of an obscure future. And is threatened by real and potential disasters. And an obscure destruction. Dangerous of unprecedented tribulation and destruction. Such contradictions can also be found in the Muslim world today. Our numbers are great. We send millions to the Amor and to the Hajj every year. We fill our mosques in Talawi. Our mosques overflow and fill the streets in Jumar prayers. Here in the United States, many mosques have to have two Jumas, as you know. It's amazing. We fill the mosques. Yeah, we are perplexed by doubts and doubtful teachings. We are dominated by internal conflict, division and great confusion. Conflict voices claim authority to speak about Islam. We find intolerance among us and extremism. We show little mercy to each other and to others. We have even witnessed terror and oppression in the name of religion. God's messenger, may Allah extol him, grant him perfect peace, fully conveyed God's message to us and fulfilled the trust God had imposed upon him. He left his umma on a luminous path forward, which was as bright by night as it was by day. But many Muslims today have strayed far from that path and lost sight of its waymarks. They have taken different directions in obscurity that are as dark by day as they are by night. Islam has become threatened from within by an overabundance of trials and tribulations and the appearance of dignals in the garb of learning and the disappearance of true knowledge and the waymarks of right guidance. History bears witness that it is difficult to destroy religions from the outside that can be done as it was done in Muslim Spain and Portugal and Sicily and Hungary where Islam was eradicated by the inquisition and by terror generation after generation and the history of the ancient Christians and Jews and modern Jews is also filled with many examples. But as a rule, it's difficult to destroy religion from the outside especially the religion of Islam. But it is possible to destroy them from within. Religion is destroyed in the name of religion often by those who regard themselves to be upright and sincere believers and truthful performance and authorities in the Dean. This time we live in today with its contradictions and with its priceyness and with its challenges. There's not unlike the time in which both Al-Iman al-Bazali and Shefaq al-Pabr al-Tirani appeared which was when did the Crusades begin? The Crusades began in 1096 so it's really the 11th century and that's the age of Imam Al-Bazali and Imam Shefaq al-Tirani Imam Al-Bazali was 19 years older they both come from Sunni Persia Persia in those days was a bastion of Sunni Islam Persia was a bastion of Sunni Islam for a thousand years Imam Al-Bazali comes from Nisafur from Meccan Clubs and he lives in Nisafur and Shefaq al-Tirani comes from Jilam which is a beautiful region upon the Caspian Sea and Shefaq al-Tirani comes from a blessed family perhaps of the Prophet and his mother sent him back to study and he was 18 years old she was a great saint he lost his father that he was in Portland he lost his father as a blue tide but his mother said these eyes will never see this beautiful face again he's sending away the Baghdad he comes into Baghdad when he's 18 years old exactly in the same year that Imam Al-Bazali has his crisis and leaves back there that's very interesting and then Imam Al-Bazali he goes on this spiritual quest that you should know about and he does the deed that he has been teaching Imam Al-Bazali was one of the greatest scholars in all of the science in all of the discipline but he exerted himself so much in study as a boy, as a young man that he actually ruined his health that's what some scholars say that he didn't live a long life but all this knowledge he had and with this brilliant teaching that he gave he came to see in Baghdad that he didn't really live his life in a way that was honest to God and that was true to that knowledge and that's what he wanted to have he wanted to have practice that embodied the teaching that he gave and then the luck and here becomes one of the miracles in Islamic history Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani comes to Baghdad and he studies for over 35 years he mastered all Islamic sciences he mastered Arabic and with all of its recitations grammar morphology elephants the science of differences of opinions and he became a Mufti in the Handali school and a Mufti in the Shafiri school and he was called by all the scholars of this time Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani he's an amazing person but he studied for 36 years in the privacy of his shaping and he didn't want to be public he didn't want to teach but then the command came when he was in his 50s that he now had to preach he had to guide the people and then at that time he comes forth and there's tremendous similarity between the way of Imam Abdul Qadir Jilani and the way of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani to the extent that some scholars say that Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani is applying the way of Imam Abdul Qadir Jilani about the time of the most difficult time one of the most difficult ages in all of Islamic history the time of the Crusades Muslims were divided rulers were fighting with each other scholars and if you read the Hiyah of Imam Abdul Qadir Jilani who were the people that he speaks the harshest against the scholars Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani أنا أعطيك أي شيء أعطيك موجود وقمب من أجل جفاني أعطيك أجل وطبعاً لأنه يجب أن أعطيك أن هذا هو شرطة تتوك أنك أنت كانت كاملة أنك يجب أن تستطيع حدودك أنك يجب أن تنبهحك من الشيء وذلك الآخر يجب أن أعطيك أن أعطيك بسرورة جفاني ويجد يحفظ المشارعين وقاعدته ببقاعدة جهازية كان يجعله يولد أن يكون منطقة وما الذي يقوله أنه كان يقوم بمعروف بالمشارع وكان يكون منطقة وما يقوم بناسة وجيلة وما كان يقوم بناسة وما كان يكون منطقة وما كان يقوم بناسة ولكن هذه كانت موضوعا جداً و كانت موضوعا جداً ولكن هذا time we live in today is not unlike the time that those great women had their students فبعض of them devoted their lives and all their energy to setting things right to putting the house of Islam in order bringing lasting reform and setting Muslims again on the luminous path of the messenger of God may God have stole him and dragged him to the east laid down for us in this sunnah and this is a paper that you don't mind if I add it out here is that okay? شكراً قدر الجيلاني that said about the state of Muslims in this time it says this dean is on the verge of having all of its walls collapsed to the ground Oh Allah, provide me with helpers so that we can build it back up again so that's what he does شكراً قدر الجيلاني he exerts himself to raise the walls of his dean back up and again he is a serious scholar his role in the Islamic scholarship but then also he's a master of all the ways of Islam but it says give me helpers let me put the walls of this dean back up by a way of bringing about reform and restoring the true teachings of Islam in their time both Al-Ginan al-Bazadi and Shaykh Abdul Co mouths &恐ام directed for all Muslims in order to instruct them bring the Dine back to life in their hearts and unified their ranks and direct them toward a new and brilliant future one that is worthy of the civilization of Islam Shaykh Abdul Coates will say as words of lasting wisdom and counsel to the Muslims of his time which are valid for all times and especially this present time of ours. Stop talking about things that do not concern you. Put aside intolerance and fanaticism towards your particular approach to the Dean. Be busy yourself with what will be a benefit to you in this world and the next. Allah says in the glorious Quran, This day have I completed for you your religion.  The luminous path that God's messenger may God extol him and grant him perfect peace left us upon which as he said is as bright by night as it is by day. It's as clear to see in the night as it is in the daytime. And when you are traveling in the desert even in other places. And there are pathways and there's also types of nights like nights of the full moon where you can see the road in front of you in the dark. Just as well as you can see it in the daytime. And this is the figure of speech that are blessed prophets of Allah. He left us with the truth with a luminous path. A radiant path that is easy to follow at night as it is in the daytime. Or maybe in times of difficulty. So it's as easy to follow in times of crisis and difficulty as it is in times of ease. And prosperity and success and so forth. And this is why for us especially today when we live in a world that is extremely complex. And we are faced with problems that are totally overwhelming. You know that the path that we must take in facing that is to go back to the luminous path. To know that luminous path that is as clear by the night. As it is in the daytime. And then we know how to go forward. Then we know how to solve these things. So this religion as Allah shows us in the Quran is complete and fully integrated. اليوم أكمرت لكم دينكم. I have made perfect for you, your religion. There's nothing missing from it. This blessing has been fulfilled. And this primordial and universally tolerant religion of Islam. Which God has been contented. Which God is content to bestow upon us. And by means of which we gave this pleasure. All of the essential elements of this religion have been clearly set forth in the well-known and authentic Hadith of Jibreel and Gabriel as narrated by Al-Bukhari, Muslim and others through various chains of transmission. Among them is Al-Bukhari's narration of this Hadith through Abu Ghuraira. May Allah be pleased with him. And in this transmission Al-Bukhari transmits that one day The Prophet and God extolled him to grant him perfect peace was out in the open among the people. And this is at the end of the mission. This is towards the end of the Hadith. Gabriel came to him and asked What is e-man? What is true faith? The Prophet said that you believe in God. His angels, his books. And the final meeting with him on the Day of Judgment. And the resurrection of the dead. Gabriel asked, What is Islam? What is true submission?  That you establish the daily prayer. Pay fully the obligatory alms tax and pass the month of Ramadan. Gabriel then asked, What is Ihsan? What is moral or spiritual protection? Ihsan. What is the way of doing things in the most beautiful manner? What is Ihsan? Ihsan is that you worship God as if you could see him for although you do not see him, he sees you. In Muslim, the transmission of this Hadith which comes from Ibn Amr and his father, Amr Ibn Hamad may Allah be pleased with them reads a little bit differently. Often Hadith are transmitted by meaning and sometimes they're transmitted by explicit words. Sometimes when you have differing transmissions it's because they're both by meanings. Sometimes one of them might be love one and by actual words and the other one might be by meaning. But in this transmission which is by Amr and it's transmitted by Ibn Amr and Ibn Amr, his son is extremely exact. Extremely exact. The golden chain of transmission in Hadith, what is it? Who knows the golden chain? This chain of transmission in all Hadith Do you know? The golden chain The golden chain is Imam Malik Imam Malik who is Imam Al-Muqoo is Amir Al-Muqineen in Hadith By the consensus of the Muhaddith Imam Al-Bukhari Muslim, all the great Hadith Amir Al-Muqineen in Hadith is Imam Malik He's the master of Hadith He's master of Cook also But you have Malik transmitting from Nafiq Nafiq is a successor What do we mean by a successor? A Tabiri What is a Tabiri, a successor? Sorry? Right, so the Tabiri the Ahsan is a believer of the generation immediately after the blessed prophet Salaam who takes the deen from the Sahabah and then the companions are of course as we all know those blessed men and women who believed in the prophet and lived with the prophet and cherished the prophet and took and saw the prophet and took the deen directly from them So the golden chain is Malik who is a successor of the successor These are the best generations as our prophet taught us The best generations of humanity are the generation of the prophet This is when time came around to the beginning So you have him and you have his blessed companions men and women and then you have the successor and the successors of the successors So you have Imam Malik Imam Malik is what we call an old successor meaning that he is the first generation of the successors whereas you have other successors that are called young successors because even though they meet the companions they meet the companions or one or two of the companions has young boys and girls So they are called successors because they have that blessing of seeing the companions but they really study with the successors So Imam Malik has this connection with Nafya Most of his teachers are called young successors They are the second generation of the successors But you have Nafya and Nafya was extremely precise Nafya was a Persian and Nafya was a perfectionist and many people couldn't study with him because it's very difficult Imam Malik was the one who could study with him always Imam Nafya became blind at the end of his life and Imam Malik would take him by the hand and guide him wherever he had to go but Nafya was exact very precise and Ibn Amr is the same way so therefore when you get a transmission in Bukhari and Muslim in these other great books of Hadid from Ibn Amr it's often going to be very carefully narrated very explicitly narrated although that's not necessarily the case but I like the other transmission I want to begin with it because it puts Imam first and this one puts Islam first and the Prophet said whatever he said but in terms of priority as we discussed yesterday that Imam is the first obligation the first obligation is to know the creed to know what we believe and why we believe it why do you believe that God exists why do you believe that God is one why do you believe that the world is created we have intelligent truths of that and we can't neglect those things especially in a time like this this is part of the confusion of our time often Islam is taught today as in an authoritarian way that you believe in God because God says to believe in him you believe in this because the Qur'an says so the Bible told me so and the thing is that that can be adequate for some people but it can be extremely inadequate that we have today for example maybe some of you but young men and women that go to colleges and universities where they may take classes in which they are told to write about God why you believe in him or why you disbelieve in him that happens in a lot of colleges and universities and we find a lot of young Muslims they don't know what to say basically they say what they were taught in Sunday school we believe in God because of the Qur'an says so and that's not a very watertight argument we have other arguments as well how do you affirm the validity of the Qur'an itself if you don't have knowledge and a lot of them they flunk and their teachers are not merciful to them at all it's like you don't know what you believe in you don't know how you believe in it and this should never be our situation this is because we often ignore the first obligation of the religion which is which is theology you need to know why you believe in God this is a great tradition today some non-Muslims have done a better job talking about our theology than we ourselves do because we are in a community such as the book on the Qalam arguments by Craig and there are other works as well you know he says these are really tight arguments these are careful arguments for the existence of God the oneness of God but a lot of us don't even know where to begin with that but in any case in this hadith he begins with Islam and this is the transmission that you are familiar with in Musa the prophet Gabriel came to the messenger of God among the companions as was indicated in the hadith of Uqaira and Gabriel came up to the messenger of God as you know and he sat right in front of them he put his knees to the prophet's knees and he said tell me about Islam and he killed me out of Islam and the messenger of God Allah stole him and grant him perfect peace he said Islam through submission is that you bear witness that there is no God but God and Muhammad is the messenger of God may Allah stole him and grant him perfect peace and that you establish the daily prayer pay the alms tax fully fast from Allah and make pilgrimage to the house of God in Makkah if you are able to find a way then Gabriel asked about Imam and I short the hadith as most of you know and then he asked because almost as we were shocked that who is this man never seen him before he is beautiful, he is radiant white clothes brilliant black hair he has no sign of travel he didn't come in an airplane they don't have those when people travel in those days you travel on camel back or mule back or donkey back or horse you know before you walk and when you travel you get dirty the effects of travel can be seen on you covered with dust and Medina is a big oasis beautiful oasis set in the mountains but everybody knows everybody else and they all know who comes through the walls and who goes out so they know who has come they know the delegations that come they don't know who this person is where did he come from and why he didn't stop in anybody's house to wash or anything like that so who is this and then they say we're shocked that he asked the question and then he affirms it because he says he says so much he spoke to the truth and then he asks about Imam through faith and the prophet replied that you believe in God his angels his revealed books the messengers and the last day and that you believe in Qadr Qadr the divine decree that of it which is good in that of it which is evil God creates all that exists God creates good and God creates evil God creates the angels and God creates Satan and he has wisdom in that and God is just and God is good then he asked about Islam moral and spiritual perfection and was told as in the other Hadith this is where the words are exactly the same that you worship God as if you could see them for although you do not see him who sees you the first narration which is the narration from Abu Ghurairah ends with the words this is Gabriel who has come to teach the people that is the companions the people here are the companions their religion the second narration ends by saying it is Gabriel who has come to you that is to the companions to teach you your religion and the Hadith of Gabriel is one of those monumental Hadiths of Islam we have many of those that of Allah God has ordained good doing or doing things right they sound for all things إنما الععمال الدنيات actions are only judged by intention من كان يُقْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَيَنْ يُقْمِنْ أَسْرِفَ وَاَيُقْمِنْ جَارَبُ who ever believes in Allah in the last day let him honor in his neighbor there are so many of these Hadiths which are pivotal Hadiths of Prophet ﷺ but one of the things about the Hadith of Gabriel which is very important is the context of it and this is also why our Muhadithin have called it the Hadith of Gabriel and this is to draw attention to the fact that in this Hadith Gabriel جبليل is teaching the companions directly he is teaching the companions directly they see him and this in it is that these are the last years of the prophecy this is we don't know exactly what the Hadith of Gabriel is but the view of our scholars is that it's at the very end of the Mededinist period and so this shows us what it shows us the status of the Sahab it's one of the many proofs in the Quran and the Hadith to show us the status of the companions that the companions of the Prophet ﷺ who are the best generation of humanity after the prophets and the messengers you know that they are worthy of seeing Gabriel they are worthy of receiving the teaching directly from him so what are these people and this also shows you how our Prophet ﷺ succeeded in the greatest of prophetic paths which is giving the truth that he embodies to those who follow him this is the great mission of the Prophet ﷺ because religions are transmitted not just his texts and not just his teachings but by the people who receive it embodying the reality of the Prophet ﷺ just as Joshua embodies the reality of Moses ﷺ and just as the great disciples of Jesus Christ embody the message of Jesus Christ and this is the way the Sahabah are that they now take in this light completely and they become now radiant exemplars you know who will then take this Dean to the world because that's how we get our religions we get it from the companions so the Hadith of Gabriel is a really important Hadith that we have to never forget that that this tells us but not in words thousands of things about how great the companions were how great they were and of course in the Hadith of Omar and some of the transmissions then they say that when Gabriel up to leave they actually went to look for him they couldn't find him there was nowhere to be found and then the Prophet said this is Gabriel who came to you to teach you the Hadith of Gabriel emphasizes excuse me the Hadith of Gabriel emphasizes that the authentic complete and perfect religion of God that He is content with for us and that makes Him pleased with us has three essential elements the first is Imam true faith based on certainty and understanding and Imam has a science that grows up in Islamic history that embodies it and that depends it and that expands upon it when new questions arise and that is called the knowledge of the true it is also called by other names it's called the knowledge of God's unicity of God's oneness it's also called the science of the fundamentals of the religion because all of the fundamentals of the religion are in the meat and then we also call it by the Ilm of Calam which is the science of speech and there is a lot of discussion about why Ilm Calam is called that as I said yesterday one of the strong opinions is that it's called Ilm Calam because the main thing or one of the things that it conspicuously talked about in the early generations was about the word of God the speech of God and it affirms that speech is an eternal that is a pre-existent attribute of God but then how can speech be a pre-existent attribute of God thank you if speech is sounds and letters and words if it's Hebrew or Arabic or Aramaic or some other tongue and this is where the scholars really come there with their brilliance to show that speech as an attribute of God in his essence is utterly one as are all of his attributes it is pre-existent it is uncreated it is everlasting it is totally dissimilar not like anything in creation so it's not Arabic and it's not Hebrew and it's not Aramaic and it's not any human or angelic language it's not grammar it's not syntax it's not sound and it is not sentence structure but it is an attribute of God that perfectly indicates points to all that is manifest in God's knowledge so speech and knowledge are pairs in the attributes of God knowledge reveals to God all that is known which is infinity upon infinity upon infinity all that is necessary all that is impossible all that will be and all that could have been but will not be it is known to God for pre-existence uncreated knowledge but it is absolutely one it's not made up of parts it relates to all the details of knowledge but we call that cosmic relation that's not the attribute itself the attribute itself is one utterly one in a way that you and I can never have them but in a way that we perform and it is utterly pre-existent eternal dissimilar not like your knowledge which is earned and created that you forget and you learn back again and it is also self-sufficient and utterly one so speech and knowledge they are pairs these are really important things today a lot of us we see that the Muslims are talking about whether it was created or not all the waste of time sorry these are huge theological debates that are ancient debates because when Muslims inherit the world they also inherit all of the debates that the Jews and the Christians had had before them and the Buddhists and the Hindus and the Greeks and the Romans and everybody else and there are a lot of big issues like free will good and evil that you know they need to now deal with in a way that is sufficient for the people around us okay so therefore we have a science of email and this is a science based on the Quran it is based on حدي it is based on pure reason it is based on science customary experience we don't believe that those things ever contradict themselves if they are properly understood and properly studied we don't believe in contradiction between reason and revelation okay but this is also if we had that we have to have imams you know who could vote themselves to this are the great imams of or أبو حنيفة مالي أششابيعي أحمل and two of those imams are also great imams of theology who are those of the four imams two of them are also great imams in theology who are they so you've got the first one right and the second one wrong no إذن أبو حنيفة and أحمل they said these are two great imams also in أقيدة they're also great imams in أقيدة as well إما أبو حنيفة is in trouble إسفق الأقبط is an amazing book and then out of the cavity tradition of أقيدة comes a particular school of أقيدة which is called what not jurisprudence although the man that is named after was one of the greatest jurisprudence of all Islamic history what is the name of that school maturid right this is the maturid school it's from central Asia and this is because إمام الماتوريدي he is he receives the أقيدة أبو حنيفة who receives the أقيدة from the successors and the companions and then they develop that in summer come and إمام الماتوريدي comes to be regarded as the master the one who understands that well and maturid is amazing is أقيدة is an amazing أقيدة found أقيدة and it has certain advantages because of the fact that it comes out with central Asia because in central Asia what was the dominant religion before Islam sorry Buddhism and also what else not Hinduism the rest the Zoroastrianism maybe but it's really usually referred to as اقيدة because Zoroastrianism we believe today is a religion that is profoundly Abrahamic and this is because although most of the texts to Zoroastrian are lost there are 18 of them preserved and they're called Gattas and those of you who speak Burdu you should know what Gattani is right with this Gattani Gitta what is Gitta what form or song right with forms and songs as they're saying Gattas or Gittas they're songs these are songs of Zoroastrianism in old Iran old Iranian is very much like Sanskrit which is old Indian that Burdu and Punjabi and Bengali and Kashmiri and Fujarati all of these languages they come out of Sanskrit Sanskrit was a great language whereas if you have languages like Persian and also like Kashtu they come out of old Iranians they come out of old Iranians and old Iranians was a language that was forgotten and lost so the Pahlavis the Pahlavis who transmitted the texts of Zoroaster the Gattas they couldn't read them there's Pahladi Persian which is called middle Persian it's very different it's very different you know if we have old English middle English and modern English right if I speak old English do you think you'll be able to understand يابهل ده نراس يرد ربرا ده on seven سواسة سواهر سلفة how much of that did you get what word did you get what word did you get did you get a thing إِرَ سَلْفْرَةْ تِنْ yeah and death is what death ده but they said ده and see we spell it the way that we pronounced it how many thousand years ago but now we say ده but they said ده ده so now that's old Saxon out of the word of Latin in it حَنْ دَرَبْرِ سُخْطَ ده ده سُخْطَ ده what language is that حَنْ دَرَبْرِ سُخْطَ ده سُخْطَ ده and fathered every vein and switched the code at which verb two in gendered is the plural دان وولن وولن وولن وولن do you understand anything do you understand anything that's old middle English and English belongs to the Germanic family it belongs to the Germanic family that's little English how much of it did you get but the person who spoke little English that he read or heard Anglo-Saxon he wouldn't get part of anything so that's what happened and then we have modern English in the almighty power rule headlong down in hideous rule and in combustion there to dwell in adamantine chains and penal fire and durst to five omnipotent arms what is that what is that John Milton John Milton is amazing really you should study and John Milton at the end of his life is as close to Islam as you could possibly come without getting inside maybe he did get inside he had amazing things to say he became a unitarian you know of the highest caliber and a universal and you know the descriptions of heaven and hell and paralyzed law which is an Aryan form but it's not unitarian but they're amazing beautiful beautiful but so with the Persian the middle Persian of the palaties they knew that they couldn't read the chapters so they kept them they could recite them they didn't know what they meant then in the 19th century there was a great German scholar his name was Max Müller and Max Müller began to do something that a lot of modern scholars have done especially Europeans and Americans and that is to construct old languages and he did that by studying the rules of language change and these are things which also modern scientists and linguists have done like for example how does Gordu develop out of Sanskrit and why is it different from Punjabi and Gujarati this is science great so knowing these kind of things