From theCUBE Studios in Palo Alto in Boston, connecting with thought leaders all around the world, this is a CUBE Conversation. Welcome to this CUBE virtual conversation. I'm Lisa Martin, and I'm excited to be talking to one of our CUBE alumni again, very socially distant. Derek Mankey joins me at the Chief Security Insights at Global for Alliances, 40 Nets, 40 Guard Labs. Derek, it's great to see you, even though virtually. Yeah, better safe. Better safe these days, right? But yeah, it's great to see you again, and really looking forward to a great conversation as always. Yeah, so wow, has a lot changed since I last saw you? I think that's an epic understatement. But each year we talk with you about the upcoming, what's coming up in the threat landscape, what you guys are seeing, some of the attack trends. What are some of the things that you've seen in this very eventful year since we last spoke? Yeah, a lot of things. Obviously, with the pandemic, there's been this big shift in landscape, right? Particularly, CUBE 3, CUBE 4, it's the last half of the year. Now we have a lot of things that were traditionally in corporate safeguards, actual workstations, laptops that were sitting within networks and perimeters of organizations that have obviously moved to work from home. And so with that comes a lot of new attack opportunities. We track, as you know, threat intel at 40 Nets, 40 Guard Labs on a daily basis, and we are clearly seeing that. And we're seeing a huge rise in things like IoT targets being the number one attacks. So consumer grade routers, IoT devices like printers, network attached storage. Those are some of the most favorite attack vehicles that cyber criminals are using to get into those devices. Of course, once they get into those devices, they can then move laterally to compromise the corporate laptop as an example. So those are very concerning. The other thing has been that email that traditionally has been our number one, another favorite attack platform always has. It's not going away, but for the first time this year in about September the second half, we saw a web-based attacks taking priority for attackers. And that's because of this new work from home environment. A lot of people are surfing the websites from, again, these devices that were previously within organizations. Email security essentialized a lot of the times, but the web security always isn't. So that's another shift that we've seen. We are now in the full blown midst of the online shopping season. Actually, the online shopping season is almost every day now since the summer. Yep, yep. And we've clearly seen that. Just from September to October, we saw over a trillion, not a billion, but a trillion new flows to shopping websites in just one month. So that number continues to rise and the threats are rising with it. Yeah, so the expanding threat landscape, I've talked to a number of companies the last few months that were in this situation where suddenly it was a maybe 100% on-site workforce now going to work from home, taking either desktops from their offices or using personal devices. And that was a huge challenge that we were talking about with respect to endpoint and laptop security. But interesting that you're seeing now this web security, I do know phishing emails are getting more personal, but the fact that website attacks are going up. What are some of the things that you think, especially when you bring up a point, we are now in maybe even more supercharged e-commerce season, how can businesses prepare and become proactive to defend against some of these things that, since now the threat surface is even bigger? Yeah, a multi-pronged approach. So, Lisa, we always say that first of all, it's just like we have physical distancing, cyber distancing, I'm just like, we're doing now on this call. But same thing for reuse, I think there's always a false sense of security when you're just in the home office doing some browsing to a site. You really have to understand that these sites just by touching it, literally touching it by going to URL and clicking on that link, you can get infected that easily. We're seeing that. There's a lot of these attacks being driven. So, education, there's a lot of free programs. We have one on 40 net information security awareness training. That is something that we continually need to hone the skills of end users, first of all. So that's an easy win, I would say, from my eyes in terms of organizations. But then there's multi-pronged approach, right? So things like having EDR endpoint detection response being able to manage those end users well there on their devices at home. Being able to have security and making sure those are up-to-date in terms of patches. So that's really centralized management is important. Two-factor authentication or multi-factor authentication, also equally as important. Doing things like network segmentation for end users and the devices too. So there's a lot of these things. If you look at the risk that's associated, the risk is always way higher investment upfront in terms of hours, in terms of security platforms. So the good thing is there's a lot of solutions out there and it doesn't have to be complicated. That's good because we have enough complication everywhere else. But you bring up a point about humans, about education. We're kind of always that weakest link. But so many of us now that are home have distractions going on all around. So you might be going, I've got to do some bill pay and go on to your bank without thinking that's now a threat landscape. What are some of the things that you're seeing that you think we're going to face in 2021, which is just around the corner? Yeah, so we're just talking about those IoT devices. They're the main culprit right now. They're continuing to be for a while. We have this new class of threat emerging technology which is edge computing. So people always talked about the perimeter, the perimeter being dead in other words, not just building up a wall on the outside but understanding what's inside, right? That's been the case of IoT. But now edge computing is the emerging technology. The main difference we say is that the edge devices are virtual assistant is the best example I could give, right? That users will be aware of in home networks because these devices traditionally have more processing power. They handle more data. They have more access and privilege to devices like things like security systems, lights as an example in beyond home networks. These edge devices are also as an example being put into military defense, into critical infrastructure, field units for oil and gas and electricity as an example. So this is the new emerging threat, more processing power, more access and privilege, smarter decisions that are being made on those devices. Those devices are gonna be targets for cyber criminals. And that's something I think next year we're gonna see a lot of because it's a bigger reward to the cyber criminal if they can get into it. And so targeting the edge is gonna be a big thing. I think there's gonna be a new class of threats. I'm calling these, I haven't heard this coined in the industry yet but I'm calling these EATs or edge access Trojans because that's what it is if they compromise these devices, they can then control and get access to the data. If you think of a virtual assistant and somebody can actually compromise that device, think about that data, voice data that's flowing through those devices that they can then use as a cleverly engineered, a social engineering attack to fish a user as an example. Wow, I never thought about it from that perspective before. Do you think with all the talk about 5G and what's coming with 5G? Is that gonna be an accelerator of some of these trends of these EATs that you talk about? Yeah, definitely, yeah. So 5G is just a conduit, it's an accelerator, absolutely. Catalysts call it what you will. It's here, it's been deployed not worldwide but in many regions it's gonna continue to be. 5G is all about speed, right? And so if you think about how swiftly these attacks are moving, you need to be able to keep up with that from a defense standpoint. Threats move without borders, they move without, unfortunately, without restriction a lot of the time, right? Cybercrime has no borders, they don't have rules or they don't care about rules so they'll break those rules. So they are able to move quickly, right? And that's what the problem with 5G of course is that these devices now can communicate quicker, they can launch even larger scale things like DDoS distributed denial of service attacks and that is a very big threat. And it also allows, the other thing about 5G, Lisa, is that it allows peer-to-peer connectivity too, right? So it's like Bluetooth enhanced in a sense. And now you have devices that interact with each other as well. By interacting with each other, that also, what are they talking about? What data are they passing? That's a whole new security inspection point that we need to, and that's what I mean about this. It's just reconfirms that the perimeter is dead. Right, something we've been talking about, as you said, for a while, but that's some pretty hard-hitting evidence that it is indeed a thing of the past. Something that we've talked to you about with you in the past is swarm attacks. What's going on there? How are they progressing? Yeah, so this is a real threat. There's good news, bad news. The good news is this is a long-progressing threat, which means we have more time to prepare. Bad news is we have seen developments in terms of weaponizing this. It's like anything, swarm is a tool. It can be used for good DARPA, as an example, has invested a lot into this from military research. It's all around us now in terms of good applications from things like for redundancy, right? Robotics, as an example. There's a lot of good things that come from swarm technology, but if it's weaponized, it can have some very scary prospects. And that's what we're starting to see. There's a new botnet that was created this year. It's called H-E-H. This is written in Golang, so it's a language that basically allows it to affect any number of devices. It's not just your PC, right? It's the same virus, but it can morph into all these different platforms, devices, whether it's an IoT device, an Edge device. But the main characteristic of this is that it's able to actually have communication, they've built a communication protocol into it. So the devices and past files between each other talk to each other. They don't have machine learning models yet. So in other words, they're not quote unquote smart yet, but that's coming. Once that intelligence starts getting baked in, then we have the weaponized swarm technology. And what this means is that when you have those devices that are making decisions on their own, talking to each other, A, they're harder to kill. You take one down, another one takes its place. B, they're able to move very swiftly, especially when that piggybacking and leveraging on things like 5G. So the, I'm just blown away of all these things that you're talking about there. So talk about how companies and even individuals can defend against this and become proactive. Because we know, one of the things we know about 2020 is all the uncertainty, we're going to continue to see uncertainty, we also know that there's expectation globally that a good amount of people are going to be working from home and connecting to corporate networks for a very long time. So how can companies and people become proactive against these threats? Yes, people process procedures and technology. So we talked, I really looked at this as a stacked approach. First of all, threats are moving, as I just said, they're becoming quicker. The attack service is larger. You need threat intelligence, visibility. This comes down to security platforms from a technology piece. So security-driven networking, AI-driven security operations centers, these are new, but it's becoming, as you can imagine, when we talked about critical to fill that gap, to be able to move as quickly as the attackers, you need to be able to use intelligent technology on your end. People are just too slow, but we can still use people from the process, making sure, you know, try to understand what the risk is. So looking at threat intelligence reports, we've put out weekly threat intelligence briefs as an example of supporting our labs, to be able to understand what the threats are, how to respond to those, how to prioritize them, and then put the proper security measures in place. So there are absolutely relevant technologies that exist today. And in fact, now I think it's a time to really get those in deployment before this becomes worse, as we're talking about. And then as I said earlier, there's also free things that can be just part of our daily lives, right? So we don't have this false sense of security. So understanding that that threat is real following up on the threat and being doing education, there's fishing services. Again, fishing can be a good tool when it's used in a non-malicious way to test people's skill sets as an example. So all of that combined is ways. But the biggest thing is definitely relying on things like machine learning, artificial intelligence to be able to work at speed with these threats. Right.  Talk to me about how Fortinet is working with global alliance partners to fight this growing attack surface. Yeah, so this is the ecosystem. Every organization, whether it's private or public sector, has a different role to play in essence, right? So you look at things in the public sector, you have law enforcement, they're focused on attribution. So when we look at cyber crime, and it's the hardest thing to do, but if we find out who these cyber criminals are, we can bring them to justice, right? Our whole goal is to make it more expensive for cyber criminals to operate. So by doing this, if we work with law enforcement and it leads to a successful arrest and prosecution, because we've done in the past, that takes them offline to hit somewhere it hurts the law enforcement will typically work with intelligence leads to freeze assets as an example from maybe ransom attacks that are happening. So that's one aspect. But then you have other things, like working with a national computer emergency response of disrupting cyber crime. We work with national service. If we know that the bad guys are hosting stolen data or communication infrastructure in public servers, we can work with them to actually disrupt that, to take those servers offline. Then you have the private space. So this, we're a four to network founding member of the cyber threat alliance I'm on the steering committee there. And this is working with even competitors around in our space where we can share quickly up to date intelligence on attackers. We remain competitive on the technology itself, but we're working together to actually share as much as we know about the bad guys. And recently, we're also a founding member of the Center for Cybersecurity, C4C with the World Economic Forum. And this is another crucial effort that is basically trying to bridge all of that. I talked to Mend all that together, right? Long-forcement prosecutors, security vendors, intelligence organizations, all under one roof because we really do need that. It's an entire ecosystem to make this an effective fight. So it's interesting because a lot of people I don't think see what's happening behind the scenes a lot of the times, but there is a tremendous effort globally that's happening to all the players. So that's really good news. And the industry piece is something close to my heart. I've been involved in a long time and we continue to support. That's exciting. And that's something that is, you know unfortunately so very, very needed and will continue to be as emerging technologies evolve and we get to use them for good things. And to your point that that actors also get to take advantage of that for nefarious things as well. Derek, it's always great to have you on the program. Any particular things on the 40 net website that you would point viewers to to learn more about like the 2020 front landscape? Sure, you can always check out our blog. So it's on blog.fortynet.com under threat research. As I said on 40guard.com we also have our playbooks on there. We have podcasts, we have our updated threat intelligence grease too. So those are always great to check out and just be rest assured, you know everything I've been talking about we're doing a lot of that heavy lift on the back end.  I mean, it's about this technology working together and that's what we're here for us. We're going to ask 40 guard labs. Awesome. Derek, thank you so much for joining me today in this CUBE conversation. Lots of exciting stuff going on at 49 and 40 guard labs as always, which we expect it's been great to have you. Thank you. It's a pleasure. Thanks Lisa. For Derek Mankey, I'm Lisa Martin. You're watching in virtual CUBE.


Who is the Holy Spirit? The Holy Spirit is God and these verses prove He's God. He's omnipresent. Psalm 139.7 says, I can never escape from your spirit. He's omnipotent. This verse equates the Holy Spirit's power with the power of the Most High. The Holy Spirit will come upon you and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Finally, the Holy Spirit is omniscient. He searches and knows the mind of God. 1 Corinthians 2.11 says, no one can know God's thoughts except God's own spirit. So, the Holy Spirit is omnipresent, omnipotent, and omniscient. Therefore, the Holy Spirit is God.


Hello everyone welcome back to another Premiere Pro tutorial. This one I'm going to show you how to make something that's moving forward move backwards or make it look like it's moving backwards. In this case we're using a fellow walk-in here.  How did we do it? Very very easy let me show you from scratch. Here's a basic shot I'm going to drag some footage in and we'll just go to three seconds of footage because I just want to show you the technique. Okay so we've got this guy hit space bar he's walking forward let's make him work backwards or walk backwards. All you need to do is right click on this and then you're going to see a few options the one you want it's called speed duration there it is right there so select speed duration and then all you need to do is click on reverse speed and now watch what happens I'm going to just left click on okay I'm going to hit space bar and it's jumpy or it's kind of jumpy so what I'm going to do is just to show you I'm going to go render into out so this basically just renders it so that it's not janky and there you go this guy was walking forward now he's walking backwards that's how you reverse something inside Premiere Pro in about 60 seconds thanks for watching be back


Everybody for us here hoping 2022 NT football hobby four bucks full case number 35 random divisions Results on screen can be found anytime elite in sports cards calm Let's do it. Come on one more shield tonight last football break one more shield. Let's do it make it a turkey Hat trick You're gonna hat-trick born with someone's gonna have a hat-trick for Bournemouth tomorrow they're gonna I First game was today, I think man said he played the first I forget who they play villa, maybe Anyway, I don't know when Bournemouth's first matches very likely tomorrow. There's like Seven matches tomorrow I do check it out for me. I might have to watch out the morning. I got peacock Dude That's his team now because you got a jersey From Frank G It's not gonna probably won't go so well West Ham should win that All right, you got Brady to 99 for the NFC south sub Joe Montana on the midnight 17 of 20 NFC West Yeah, T-Po, you're saying that earlier. That's pretty awesome Rookie dual jersey to 99 Aiden Hutchinson NFC north Jumbo Jersey AFC Norah Jamar chase the 49 heirlooms patch to 25 Player worn Vince young AFC south Vince young chats quiet pulling shields and everything and crickets Quad Jersey Lawrence Kirk at CNN angrily to 99 AFC south NFC north rookie auto Devonte Wyatt to 99 Packers goat right here Jersey auto Mason Crosby to 99 NFC north He's the goat the Packers best Packers player ever. I'd say definitely not Rogers or star Far Rookie with soul signature is Jenny Gray NFC west of 99 nice 525 silver crossover RPA George Pickens AFC north It's a sweet pickens like that a lot. I'm gonna get that magged I'm on green. Oh, yeah, bubba. Bubba Franks. That's who it is Randall Cobb. That's the Packers goat. I'm on green. He was pretty darn good for a few years Who else did I'm on green play for it wasn't just the Packers, right? Cowboys Titans, I have no idea man Treasure moments Matt Corral to 99 NFC south rookie Kittle number to 49 NFC west Dual Jersey to 35 AFC south is Damian Pierce I forgot we were talking about what I sang me a yellow card through the night because I said like We're talking like great tight ends and I was like I prefer algae crumpler or something like that because everyone's talking about like Kelsey and kiddo Yeah, it's like algae crumpler Five of ten Dorsey Levens NFC north heirloom is jumbo patch the v11 is there NFC west dual jersey to 99 Matthew Stafford and Cooper cup It's like vicks number one receiver for like a year. I feel like Stefan digs the 49 jersey card AFC east I'm on green was a Winston Nebraska Patch auto Austin Eckler on card Good looking hit there for the AFC west a game worn patch auto too. That's pretty sick That is a oh a Rashad Bateman rookie Yeah from 2021 rookie ball and patch auto NFL gear for the AFC north unexpected I think he can still be pretty good He was looking good before he got hurt last year Cooper cup auto to 49 for the NFC west And NFC west Tariq woolen on the crossover rpa 30 of 99 Nice. Well, then we'll get that in a mag for you Seahawks Great corner there second rounder, right? We're see first I know he wasn't like top 10 He was drafted high like he was At latest like a second rounder Do you leave it half? I went a mongering will play because that's how good they were Got tana health of 99 AFC south Dawkins to 49 purple for the NFC east Uh, jersey to 49 is christian watson for the NFC north Just turn those leaves into trash. That's what I did Patch card to 49 for the AFC north to shawna watson Florence phillips best running back ever like collegiate or just Pure I don't even know who that is Mentally not there. Oh, I got you a great prospect then jersey to 49 is NFC east michael gallup I was gonna say I don't even know I didn't even know the name Patch to 25 NFC north is jesson jefferson Rookie auto de marvin leal out of 99 for the AFC north Jersey auto NFC east of 99 is a drew pierce True rpa eric izou khan ma 45 of 99 for the AFC east A kenny picket rookie jumbo prime signatures book 64 of 99 There you go AFC north on the picket book Last box of the break. We need a big card here AFC north has done well Got brady out of 99 for the NFC south 11 of 99 oh so close to the jersey number chris jones AFC west of 25 Patch card to 10 NFC south corda rel paterson player worn 4 of 25 dual patch is isiah spiller for the AFC south rookie And by AFC south, I mean AFC west because he's a charger AFC west NFC east dual patch rookie is wandale robinson of 35 And NFC east again six of 99 Is a sam howl rookie dual jersey Yeah, I'll have to check it out later joe Lawrence fillers rookie auto is chad mumma 34 35 AFC south Jersey auto AFC north again. This time is a Brett kiesel the 99 And at bell gear rookie patch and ball auto to 99 danie gray NFC west and rookie patch and ball auto to 49 Dotson NFC east Nice hits there on the back. Let's talk about any one second to a recap Every single see writer's drops That was a song like 70 sleeves All right, so relics we had howl Spiller wandale paterson jesson jefferson A michael gallup shawna watson A christian watson Stefan diggs dorsi levins dual rams Damian pierce quadjags Aiden hypton sin jamar chase and vince young autos of bret kiesel Chad mumma the marvin leal drew piercen cooper cup mason crossby the vante wyats danie gray rishad bateman. I was a rookie rishad bateman from 2021 And austin eclair game-worn patch auto danie gray johan dottson Kenny pickett jumbo prime sainter's book for the a of c north out of 99 True rpa eric izoukanma Crossover rpa of three coolin And crossover silver patch auto george pickens That will do it. Thanks again everybody moving on to flawless now


So, in 2014, when we look at the activity in cyber squatting and the misuse of domain names, we see through the WIPO arbitration and mediation centre that once again the number of cases of alleged cyber squatting that were filed rose. It's now, or last year, it was 2,600 odd new cases and they covered about 5,600 domain names because one case can cover more than one alleged misuse of a domain name. So continued vigilance is needed on the part of trademark owners to ensure that there is no unfair hijacking of their reputation, image and brand within the domain name system, which of course is an increasingly important area and space for electronic commerce of all natures and varieties. As you know, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, ICANN, is in the process of unveiling new top level domains, potentially 1,400 such top level domains. A top level domain is what you find to the right of the dot, such as dot com, com is the top level domain. So far, 500 new top level domains have been introduced and we now see that that is entering into the case activity or entering into the activity of alleged cases of cyber squatting. About 4% of our cases last year covered those 500 new top level domains. Of course they're much less mature than the older top level domains, but we see activity increasing. Again a message for enterprises that they need to be vigilant about the protection of their reputation, their brand, their image in the electronic space across all domains, old domains and new domains.


So we've talked about how power bills may look in the future. The fact that because you have a dependable energy source It's not going to be prone to wild swings in the energy market. I'm not putting in any words in your mouth Am I here? Absolutely not. You know everything we do is in the long term Georgia power has been providing electricity for the state for over 100 years We have a very set process where we look 20 years out into the future and try to predict and forecast what demand will be and What fuel costs will be and we try to balance those things and we try to plan so that we have Multiple sources of generation so that the price of natural gas is very low right now But we expect it will go up in the future so that we can offset that with with lower cost energy whether it be coal or Hydro or solar or new nuclear here at the plant Vogel


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Shashi and I am going to help you with the following question. Question says the angle of elevation of the top of a building from the foot of the tower is 30 degrees and the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the building is 60 degrees. If the tower is 50 meters high, find the height of the building. First of all let us understand what is the angle of elevation. The angle of elevation of an object viewed is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when it is above the horizontal level. Here the angle of elevation of P from Q is the angle formed by PQ with QR. QR is the horizontal line here. So we can say angle of elevation is equal to angle PQR. This is the key idea to solve the given question. Let us now start with the solution. First of all let us draw a simple diagram to represent the problem. Here let PQ be the tower and AB be the building. PQB is the horizontal distance between foot of the tower and foot of the building. Now we are given that the angle of elevation of top of a building from the foot of the tower is 30 degrees. Now this is the line of sight and this is the horizontal. So angle of elevation of top of a building is angle AQB and angle AQB is equal to 30 degrees. We are also given that the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the building is 60 degrees. Here this is the line of sight and this is horizontal line. So angle of elevation of top of the tower is angle PBQ that is 60 degrees. Now we are also given that height of the tower that is PQ is equal to 50 meters. Now we have to find the height of the building. So we will find length of AB. First of all we will consider triangle AQB and find out horizontal distance QB. Now we are required to find height of the building. So we will find out length of AB. First of all we will consider triangle PQB and find out horizontal distance QB. Now let us start triangle PQB separately. Now in triangle PQB we know tan 60 degrees is equal to PQ upon QB. We know tan theta is equal to perpendicular upon wave. Here PQ is the perpendicular and QB is the wave. Now substituting corresponding values of tan 60 degrees and PQ in this expression we get root 3 is equal to 50 upon QB. Now multiplying both the sides by QB we get root 3 QB is equal to 50 dividing both the sides by root 3 we get QB is equal to 50 upon root 3 meters. Now we get QB is equal to 50 upon root 3 meters. Now let us consider triangle AQB. In triangle AQB we know QB is equal to 50 upon root 3 meters and angle AQB is equal to 30 degrees. Now let us draw this triangle separately. Now in triangle AQB tan 30 degrees is equal to AB upon BQ. We know tan theta is equal to perpendicular upon wave. Here AB is the perpendicular and BQ is the wave. Now substituting corresponding values of tan 30 degrees and BQ in this expression we get 1 upon root 3 is equal to AB upon 50 upon root 3. Now multiplying both the sides by 50 upon root 3 we get 1 upon root 3 multiplied by 50 upon root 3 is equal to AB. Now this implies 50 upon 3 is equal to AB. We know root 3 multiplied by root 3 is equal to 3 or we can simply write it as AB is equal to 50 upon 3 meters. Now this can be further written as 16 2 upon 3 meters. So height of the building is equal to 16 2 upon 3 meters. This is our required answer. This completes the session. Hope you understood the solution. Take care and have a nice day.


US Marines with Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron, and 2nd Distribution Support Battalion execute a heavy external lift of a shipping container. During Operation Potomac Enforcer, at Marine Corps Outlying Landing Field Oak Grove, North Carolina. Marines with Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron and 2nd Distribution Support Battalion rehearsed, and executed heavy external lifts throughout Operation Potomac Enforcer. The lift capability of the CH-53K King Stallion, allows for the rapid transportation of troops and equipment to austere expeditionary sites. HMH-461 is a subordinate unit of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing, and 2nd DSB is a subordinate unit of the 2nd Marine Logistics Group. The aviation and logistics combat elements of 2 Marine Expeditionary Force.


The Grinder by Matt Keckley. This made for Florida shortboard has low entry rocker and extra width for easy paddling. The pulled in squash tail makes for easy tight radius turns and small surf. Ride in one to six foot waves.


Yes. Thank you very much for being here today. It's a pleasure to meet you and for your attention. For those who are visually impaired, I will just do a quick bio description. I'm a man wearing a blazer. I'm bothered with a beard.  So yes, what is a license? Well, I think that the free software movement is very much concerned about licenses. And we talk about this a lot. But I would like today to introduce you the license from the legal aspects. And for that, I would like to explain first what we consider as software. So when we talk about license, we need to understand from the legal perspective what software is, especially here in the European Union, and why we are so concerned about software licensing, why license is so important for us. And in the end of my presentation, I will move a little bit just from the legal aspect and go also to the community aspect of license as enable of software communities. So please bear with me. And if you have some questions, right. Niharika did a great presentation about copyright. And she explained to us that copyright here in the European Union, or at least in those countries that are signatories of the Berne Convention, it applies by default. It means that when a software developer starts writing a software, she does not necessarily need to register this work in any kind of governmental agency. But copyright is starting to apply by default. And what does this lead? Well, basically, people say, oh, I'm not concerned about this. I think I just can go and use the copyrighted work, the software that has been developed by someone. But we also learned today in our legal track that no license does not mean public domain. So basically, when the set of copyrights is being enforced, is already being valid, you are not allowed to take copyrighted work. And in our case here is software and just use it. You need a permission. You need an authorization of the copyright holder. So in this sense, license is nothing more and nothing less than permission as an authorization. So who has the copyright? For an example, a software developer has developed our company, whatever. And if you wanted to reuse this work, you needed to get permission. So license are permissions, are authorizations. So if there is no license, basically there is no authorization. So you are not allowed to do this. So we love free software, and the entire free software movement is license dependable. While we have this copyright system here, we need license in order to empower people to reuse software. Otherwise, reuse is not possible with authorization. So we understood that license is an authorization, but authorization for what? So we need to understand what is software. And for that, I would like to quote the software directive. So directive originally from 2001, but there was some requirement in 2009. And in European legislation, there is no precise definition of software. But usually we talk and we take the definitions from some technical boards. We can consider that software is a set of instructions, instructions that are executed by a machine, by my precisely a computer. And the software directive, this European legislation, does not define this, but establish some principles for copyright protection over software. And they use the term computer programs. And the first one I would like to highlight here is that's it. Member states, the European government states, shall protect computer programs by copyright. So as literary work. So it's not choosing, for an example, patent law. It's not choosing any other area of the law, but it's considering software as literary works as today we learned also from Niharika's presentation. And this is very important because the copyright protection shall apply to expression to any form of computer program. So we are not talking about ideas. For example, a software developer has an idea and wants to implement this. But the idea that she has in her head, it's not protected by copyright. But at the moment that these ideas are being implemented, are being put in some medium, then copyright protection starts to apply. And ideas and principles which underlie any element of a computer program are not protected. So these are very important principles. Right, so now we're understanding about this dichotomy about what is a software idea, or idea for a software, and what is the expression. But right, so when we're talking about this expression for the law, what is the expression? Well, today we learned, especially in Gabriel's presentation, that software is everywhere, and it concerns everything. So basically when we are analyzing software from the legal perspective, usually there is some classification. When we are talking about drivers, basically is this software used for device control. So the first late interaction with some kind of hardware. So we are talking about driver for mouse, for memory, or Wi-Fi, et cetera. But also there's another classification, other types of software. We call it the kernel. And for example, the GNU Linux, where this software executes the core functions of a system. And of course, we as users, usually we have contact more with applications. So this type of software that are used to perform specific tasks, so browser games, and any other type of apps. But for software licenses, there is a very important definition and differentiation that we need to talk. And especially people that are talking about free software, it's much concerned about source code. So source code is what is really important for the community and for free software licensing in general. And I will just explain a little bit what is the difference between source code and executable code. So basically, let's take a look here. For example, we have here in our devices software that has been running here. But usually the software that has been running is in a type of expression from the resolution point of view that should be understood by the machine that it's running. So basically, it is in executable form. So we also call that binaries or objectable code. Because basically, computers understand this binary code. So this is not suitable for human reading or understanding.  In order for humans to start working with software, and of course, there is some exception when you're talking about reverse engineering and the compilation, of course. But the basic, the human readable form of software code is source code. And that's why this is extremely important for licensing. And the source code is not just the set of instructions for the machine, but it's also the working environment for software development. There is comments there in source code. There is information about license. There is information about copyright holders. So source code is the working environment. So that's why this is really important for software licensing and precisely for free software. And when we are talking about proprietary and free software, usually we need to take into consideration this differentiation. So when we talk about licensing, these permissions, because copyright law gives the copyright holders a full spectrum of rights management. And there is also this gradation, this spectrum. When we see all rights retained, perhaps we are talking about trade secrets, but the public domain is all rights waived. But copy left and permissive or non-recipical license are here. Sometimes more rights are granted, sometimes not so much. When we are talking about software license models, basically we have two. We have proprietary, which the main purpose is to limit ways to access and control source code. We are talking about source code, so where all the fun happens. And free and open source, that we know that the main purpose is software freedom. And here we have differentiation between reciprocal and non-recipical license. And these types of software licensing directly impacts on software business model, I'm sorry, and in software development. Right, but this is also an important element that I would like to point that, that we are talking about software license, but also when there are computer programs and for an example video games that are software but it implements other layers of information. For an example, audio, video, and text. It's important to say that sometimes software license is not the best instrument to regulate this kind of permissions. That's why we are talking about license for content and data. And here I would like to point out for the creative common licenses that are suitable for audio, videos, and image documentation, data, and metadata. Okay, so the last part of my presentation, when we are talking about free and open source licensing, we are talking about the sets of permissions and authorizations, but this is also very important. The license itself is very important for software community when we are talking about it. And that's why we are so concerned about the type of license. Because the license sometimes is considered as constitution of the communities because it sets the term of use and distribution of software. It constitutes the basis for working environment among developers and users and establish the ground for software maintenance and further development, okay? So with that, I hope that we made some progress in making license a little bit clear. And I thank you very much for your attention and hope to counter with your questions. Thanks. Thank you.


Hi everyone. Good evening. Alright, so my name is Gloria Callow and I am Betty's youngest little sister. So I'm looking around and as Massey and my mom and my dad were giving the speeches, I'm like, Betty has such a large support system.  I feel like it's something so big and I want to be like her someday. Flair has always been that baby, Betty's second baby at Ivana. She's always talked about it so passionately and I want to have something like that. Betty makes me want to have the best things in life. She made our family want to actually get the best things in life. And I remember one time, me and Massey were talking and we were like, imagine Betty opened the doors for us and we are so, we are so grateful by the way, we are so, so grateful. We are seeing you do this. We want to do better. We want to make you proud. We want you to feel like you actually did a great job as our older sister. I am so happy standing here in front of all of you guys celebrating Flair 3.0.  I want to walk in and feel loved and feel confident and to feel like I can actually take on the world and Flair gives me that feeling. So today let's celebrate Betty. Today is your birthday. Happy 30th birthday. I love you so, so much. You deserve all the good things that are coming to you. You deserve this and more and I know you're going to surprise us again and come up with something bigger and better. I'll always be there cheering you on. I love you so, so much. Thank you. Thank you, thank you so much. So for those amazing words, we really appreciate it. And again, happy birthday Betty. When you see her walking around and saying hi, remember to give her a hug. Give her a hug, give her a kiss. Give her a hug and wish her all the best that you can. But right now, I promised you guys an amazing performance. Hello.


Well, I'm Sally Steiner from the Library Commission. I'm the Children and Teen Library Services Consultant or something like that. And I love to read and I love to talk about what I read, so this is perfect except it's hard to pick only 10. So you see why it says 10 to 12 and I told you I had really 14. So we're going to go fast and I hope that you find titles that are of interest to you. So let's see if I can get this to move. We'll start with fiction for younger teens. Myla is in seventh grade and she finds herself the target of increasingly uncomfortable physical attention from some of the seventh grade boys. At first it starts slowly and she thinks it's probably really innocent, but her stomach turns and she really feels uncomfortable whenever she's around any of the boys in this one group. Whenever she protests and there's never a teacher around when she protests, they say she is being overly sensitive. One of her friends is jealous of the attention she is getting and another friend keeps suggesting she tell a teacher or the principal. He was a victim of bullying the year before due to his sexuality. And Myla encouraged him to go to a teacher and he has frustrated that she isn't following her own advice.  They got points for saying something inappropriate to her or for touching her. This is well written. Myla's confusion and frustration are clear and believable. The resolution of the situation is reasonable and satisfying. This is an important book for middle schoolers. Dell is a junior in high school and he has a reputation for being a ladies man, but he isn't really. He has always been interested in Kira basically since kindergarten. But now she is available and he knows he has to be careful not to be the rebound guy. One Sunday when he was daydreaming a church, a group of teens, including Kira, walks up to the front of the church. Impulsively, Dell joins them. Then he found out he had just volunteered to be part of a group taking the purity pledge, choosing and celebrating abstinence. Oh, as he supports others in his group and he does, he's a supportive guy. He slowly begins to realize he isn't the good guy he thought he was, but rather has enjoyed the double standard he hadn't recognized before and he sees that he needs to change. So this is a real positive look at. I didn't really see this and now I can see how that was wrong. Ross is 12 and he's in seventh grade and he has an extremely rare eye cancer, a mask just above his right eye. And he's more comfortable keeping that eye closed. His best friends since first grade is Abby and Isaac joined them in fourth grade, but this year Isaac seems to be avoiding them. Once his treatment starts, Ross can no longer be invisible at school. He tolerates overly sympathetic teachers, exaggerated beliefs of his condition, and jokes from classmates. But the recurring meme of him as cancer cowboy because he has to wear a hat puts him over the top. This is based on the author's experiences. It's a fictionalized book, but it's based on his experiences. It is well written with believable characters and the story will pull in the readers. It starts with Ross, and this is a quote, lying on a steel table all too aware of the giant Reagan pointed at him. I don't know how you can stop reading at that point. You heard a mention of prairie lotus. I finished this. It's wonderful. After the death of her mother, Hannah, who's 14 and her father leave California, travel around here and there and end up in La Forge, a town in the Dakota Territory to start a new life. Hannah's mother was Chinese, and she and her father, who is white, face ignorance and racism wherever they go. This time, while some townspeople are unaccepting, they do find some friends to help them with their new business, a dry good store. Hannah hopes to use the skills her mother taught her to design and stitch new clothing for the townspeople. A school library journal mentions the author addresses in my quote, racism, immigration, Native American reservations, invisible histories and parental loss with skill and heart. And I'm so glad. Thank you, Tammy, for mentioning that the Golden Soar lists are up because this is on the list for the 2021 2022 Golden Soar novels list. Shuri, as you may know, in this book, she's 13 and she is the younger sister of T'Challa, the king of Wakanda. And she must find out what is killing the heart-shaped plants her country depends on. She and her protector in training, Kamara, travel through a few other countries and kids or readers will love this. It's via an invisible or it can be invisible or it can be visible plain light craft that zips them here and there in pursuit of the information she needs. The technology Shuri designs and uses as well as the danger they are both in will keep readers wondering what will happen next. And I'm hoping there's going to be more books about her. Two nonfiction books for teens, I'm going to mention. This is a full color graphic memoir. The author tells of her experience at age 19 with her mother's cancer and death. Straightforward about her emotions and thoughts, she says on page eight that this book is for my mom and for me and for anyone struggling with loss who just wants someone to get it. At the end of most chapters are a variety of items. One is a flow chart for should she answer the phone or not. There's a helpful page that has helpful suggestions of what to say and what not to say when talking to someone who is grieving. There are the listing of the stages of grief and other items. While the subject is sad, the approach and the strong writing in the book pull the reader along and there is humor in here, too. This is an excellent purchase for a teen collection telling it like it is with heart and compassion. And I you've probably heard of this book. I hope you've read it. Reynolds takes the information Dr. Candy has researched and placed in his National Book Award winning title stamped from the beginning, the definitive history of racist ideas in America and in Reynolds style shares this information with teen readers. Using short chapters occasion occasional large and old type to make a point and clear explanations of history, even though Reynolds says more than once this is not a history book. It is a very readable look at the beginning of racism and how it has persisted through the years. At school library journal says the tone of the writing varies from provocative to funny to gentle and that's very well put. They also say it's highly recommended for library serving middle and high school students and I heartily agree. It's also good for adults. Some fiction for older teens. Clap When You Land is by Elisabeth Osavito. This is told in free verse and it is in the alternating voices of two almost 17 year olds who find out about each other, their half sisters, after their father dies in a plane crash. Yahara lives in New York with her parents and misses her father when he travels to the Dominican Republic every summer. She thinks it's for business. Camino lives with her aunt in the Dominican Republic and loves the summer since that is when her father is with her. Coming to terms not only with their father's death, but also with his secret families is hard for each of them and now their futures are at risk too. A very well put together story of discovery and disappointment and betrayal and the importance of family and whatever your family is, it needs to be strong for you. This is one of a number of books on the best fiction for young adults nominee list if you want to go to The Hub, which is the young Yolsa, wait for it, blog. You can find out what books have been recommended for the list. That doesn't mean they're going to win. We won't know till January, but this is one that's been suggested. David is skinny and has no muscle. On the last day of school, before summer break, he receives an unexpected hard slap in the locker room after gym class and he goes down on the floor and he finds out that someone has recorded it. It goes viral and he vows to work hard all summer to build up some muscles so he won't be that guy anymore. He finds a gym he can afford and gets to work. As he gets to know some of the regulars, he learns some facts. There is no way he can build the muscles he wants in three months, not have men. Before long, he is on steroids, telling himself it is only for his senior year of high school so people will forget who he was. He is aware of the effects of steroids and he keeps a close hold on his temper knowing that is one thing that can snap away in an instant, most of the time he keeps a hold. And then he is also tracking the other physical effects on his personal body parts, which is another issue of steroids. His life collapses on him when his friend and mentor dies suddenly from the strain of steroids. He has separated himself from his father and his home and has been staying with his friend who has now passed away. So it's embarrassment, determination, loss and then ultimately recovery of his health and of his family. And this is also a best fiction for young adults nominee for a suggestion for 2021. This might be long, but oh my, is it good? Coriolanus Snow, I didn't know that was his first name. In this book, he is 18 and he is taking his one chance to rescue the house of snow since their financial disaster in the war and the death of his father. The reaping for the 10th Hunger Games are underway. So this is early on in the Hunger Games. He's 18 and it's the 10th year for it. Coriolanus has been approved to be a mentor for one of the tributes. This is the first time they've even thought to give the tributes a mentor. This is also the first time observers will be encouraged to provide approved items for the tributes during the games due to a suggestion from Coriolanus's class who have been encouraged to suggest improvements since people really aren't watching the games much. He is hoping for a good contender because he needs to win in order to go to college. But he is dismayed when he is assigned the girl from district 12. But Lucy Gray-Baird is interesting and captures the crowd with her showmanship and singing. It's a fascinating look at an early Hunger Games and how the games began to evolve and the choices, every little single choice that Snow makes on his way to becoming the person he was when Katniss came along. The main characters are seniors in high school which is why it's on the older list although younger teens could read this too. There's just a little bit of language in there. Pepper is stressed about her grades, her college applications and the Twitter fee for her mom's corporate account. Her mom and dad are divorced but they own big league burgers. Now the fourth largest burger chain in the country. Jack works with them. His parents in the local deli they own so these are the two people that are going to be tweeting.  Muted graphic novel, muted color. Jack Hyde is a high school senior and he lives with his mother in the New Mexico desert. He wants to study oceanography but his mom wants him to stay away from water since his father drowned many years ago. His best friend and neighbor Maria supports him and she is interested in being more than friends but he is not picking up on that. He is dealing with something strange that happens when he is around water. He can control the water.  And I'm just going to quickly say the girl in the white van is April Henry's newest book. I think it just came out last month, maybe July about a girl who was kidnapped and there's another girl in the trailer where she's taken. And also Green Lantern Legacy. I just had to include this, Min Lee. This is a Vietnamese American tie who was 13 and when his grandmother passes away, the ring comes to him. He finds out that his grandmother was a Green Lantern and the ring found him and now he is a wonderful book of Green Lantern Mythology and Action. Thank you. Any comments or questions or suggestions? Yeah, there are a couple of comments in the chat when you were talking. Clap When You Land has an amazing audiobook and verses. Oh, great. Yeah, I agree. It was pretty great to learn about Snow's past. That was interesting. How do I stop sharing my screen? You can leave it for now. It's okay, I'll take care of it from here. You're good. Oh, wait. Cause I'll switch it over. You still have like a minute. Anybody have any suggestions, thoughts, anything, ideas for Sally? She obviously needs more books to put on her list. Yes, tell me more. I'm going to have a longer list when we do the Encompass Live. So, you know. Look at that schedule scene. Yeah. So I meant to say, I read my comments because that keeps me on time and I know it's a little more dry but that way I get the parts in there I want and I get done in time. So I hope that's expected. Oh, they call this Enemy by George DeKai. I just finished that two or three days ago. That was wonderful. Takei, it's okay to be Takei. Sorry, I've got to remember that. That's one that I want to read. I'll have to borrow that from you, Sally. I think I still have it, it's from the library. Also, at the library holding for, on hold for me right now is Punching the Air by Zo Boi and I can't think of the gentleman's name and I can't wait to read that. That'll be on my list, I'm sure. All right. Okay. Thank you everybody. Yeah. Get my screen back up here. Use it again.


I guess this is what this has come to. You boys and girls are going to get what you wanted or perhaps what I've wanted. I spent a lot of time thinking last night about the pros and cons of getting back into bodybuilding, lifting weights to prove my intelligence and understanding of hypertrophy, not moving the weight from point A to point B, not getting stronger, not tearing your biceps or blowing out your knees, putting on pure lean body mass. I have dwelled so strongly on this because no one on YouTube, I mean, perhaps even in general, is advocating anything close to my routine or training principles, partially because I'm crazy in every aspect of what I do. And although many of you believe that's because I have no idea what I'm talking about, perhaps the bad kind of crazy, I firmly believe and am confident that I have an advanced understanding of hypertrophy due to my objectiveness and willingness to experiment in the gym. In regards to future opportunities and growing my YouTube channel, this was at the top of the list. I just couldn't think of anything that would make a more drastic impact. I'm coming out with amazing content, high quality stuff every day. I don't think my production quality is that low. Everyone else I'm looking at that's doing things I'm doing has a similar production quality and lower tier of information doesn't upload as consistently, you know, maybe YouTube has something to do with this, but I just can't figure out why I'm putting in all this time, work and effort and things aren't paying off. From an actual time investment standpoint on a daily basis, it's about one hour in the gym every day. And I figure I waste an hour or more doing things every day that I don't have to be doing, plus I should be in the gym working out for an hour a day anyway, might as well be this hypertrophy routine. The main cons from my perspective are that I have really bad stretch marks and they'll get worse, but my stretch marks are so horrible that I don't think that matters at this point. So we could put that on the back burner. I probably won't be able to fit into my dress clothes or some of my shirts, but I don't think that's too big of an issue either. Even if I put two, three, four inches on my arms, I'm not going to put four inches on my arms, but even at the maximum growth potential, I think I should still be able to fit into most of my dress clothes.  So I might be exposed to a relatively high EMF environment in the gym for an hour or so each day, radio frequency, radiation, but what am I going to do? You know, build a gym in my garage. I might do that and I might go on Craigslist and try to put some equipment together, but we'll see how the next few months goes. This is going to be my starting physique. Currently I am five foot eight, technically five foot seven and like nine tenths, just under five eight weighed in at 140 pounds. Some of you guys might not believe my weight of 140 pounds and I weighed this much two days ago after finishing a three day fast and I had a big meal this morning. So I have gained a bit of the weight back and I keep in mind my camera and my tripod weight of a few pounds, 148. So I'm about 145, 146 right now without holding the camera. We'll take some measurements, but I just wanted to give you guys an idea of my overall body frame and my body structure. I have a super tiny bone frame. What you guys have to understand is the amount of muscle I have on my frame is not even close to what an average person would look like due to my small bone structure, narrow frame, just really my genetics in general. I'm predisposed to looking muscular compared to other people that might have a similar poundage of lean body mass, AKA the Italian stone mason genetics. My ancestors flinging around bricks all day has led to something positive. So we'll take some measurements and I already measured before. I don't really think you guys care and I don't really care myself about these measurements, but it's a good starting point and a good metric to know where I am right now, how I look with certain measurements. So my arms, I think we're around 14 and a half inches. I'd say 14 and a half inches and depending on how I move this tape, I can probably manipulate it to be 15 or 14. So 15 inch arms muscular at 140 pounds are not working out in five years. I mean, a lot of you guys might argue I just have good genetics at the end of this, which is what I'm worried about. So, at least from looking good on my own standpoint. I think my forms are around 11 inches at the biggest point. Yeah, about 11 inches. My waist belly button has always been 30. I don't anticipate it really getting more than 32. So if I flex right now, I'm 30. I'll probably get to like 31 or 32 throughout the weightlifting period. Left arm is identical to the right arm I measured earlier. I don't think there's a point of me doing a shoulder measurement here. It's kind of hard to measure your chest and your shoulders on your own, but I can show you guys my chest measurements just to give you an idea of how small my bone frame is. So even my chest at the widest point is probably only like 36, 37 inches because I wear a 36 suit. So my chest is 36 inches and these chest measurements, these shoulder measurements, regardless of how much you lift weights, they don't really get that much bigger.  Your arm muscular measurements are different. Same with calves, but building that density that width in your shoulders is a lot to do with genetics. My calves are 15 inches. Yeah, like 15 and a half, 16 inches. I'm speculating that I can get my arms to 16 inches fairly quickly with muscle memory. That's gonna be the most significant difference. I'm not sure how much muscle I'm gonna be able to put on my back. I've never really done a heavy, super heavy like focused back training as it was never successful for building up my back, but should be able to just put on a decent amount of mass overall. And I just don't know, because I feel like what's the point, because a year from now, even if I do put on all this muscle, am I just gonna decide to stop lifting weights? I guess I could, I guess who cares, right? So the only synthetic substances I've ever used are creatine and pre-workout powders over six years ago. Never used testosterone. Never been to a doctor, used HRT. No hormones, nothing. 100% legitimate, lifetime natural. I'm going to use my understanding of anabolic foods to get results that no one is going to believe. If you guys saw how I raised my testosterone video where I had the fake beard, I got my testosterone from 200 to over 1,000 naturally. Hello, that wasn't really fun to do. I won't be revealing my routine until I am in a position to do so, probably monetizing it, speculating six months, possibly one year from now. I don't know. I estimate my exercise routine to be three to four times more effective than the average one, possibly more. And that combined with my muscle memory and past bodybuilding size, I don't think there's going to be a more drastic transformation as a natural that anyone has done on YouTube. I just don't see it happening on paper. I don't see anyone in a position like I am. Someone that used to lift weights for over seven, eight years. Someone that hasn't lifted weights in such a long period of time, that has an understanding of nutrition, that has such an effective training routine. I think my results are going to be incredibly dramatic and I'm going to speculate minimum six months from now. I'm going to weigh about 170 pounds at a similar body fat. And I kind of wish I just did this six months ago because I started a fitness trial because I didn't want to do this myself. I didn't want to lift weights again. I started a fitness trial six months ago with 50 people and not one of them followed through. And that was a mistake on my part because even when I give people my training routine and have them do it, no one really executes it properly because the way you do the exercises and the load is so different from what people are used to doing in the gym. How fast I progress will determine the frequency of my updates. At best it will be on a monthly basis. Worst case scenario, I will give updates every three months. I don't know if I'll throw fitness videos and start giving fitness advice in between. I might just really buckle down and focus on just the regular health stuff on my YouTube channel. I'm not looking forward to this. I don't want to do this, but I spend my entire day doing things I don't want to do anyway. And I'm always trying to do whatever is going to put me in a position to improve the health and lives of as many people as possible. And if appealing to you fairy muscle boys is what I have to do to get more followers and help more people, that's what I'm going to do. I'm also disappointed that I spent eight years lifting weights consistently and didn't capitalize on it. I don't have a physique at this point in time that allows me to showcase what I've learned.  Thank you guys for joining me. If you could please like the video, subscribe, hit that bell icon, share the video if you want to make some people salty. Listen guys, I'm not a narcissist. I don't, I might seem confident, but being confident and not being humble is just inherently part of YouTube. I truly am confident in my understanding of exercise science. And just because all of you guys watch ATHLEANX doesn't mean more than weightlifting about me or anyone else. So if you guys would like to support me further, you can check out Frankie's FreeRangeMeat.com. We have a local beef box that we're probably sold out of already. We have the Wagyu beef on sale. We just added ground beef burgers. So definitely check it out if you want high quality, nutrient dense animal foods at an affordable price point. Cheapest prices online, even though I don't like using the word cheap, and we have the highest quality meat. I can also check out Frankie's Naturals for my hygiene and cosmetic products. You know, we have tooth powder, we have moisturizing cream, we have, which is a ball of grease, vitamin D3, that's actually part of my testosterone regimen. So definitely check out Frankie's Naturals.com. Thanks again for joining me guys and enjoy the rest of your day. I just don't understand, man. Like I look pretty good, right? Like I have a beach body. Like what do I have to do? Is this even worth my goddamn time? I don't know, I guess we'll find out, right?


Kytosan is a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide derived from Kytan, which has emerged as a material of promise for drug delivery and biomedical applications. Various extraction methods can produce materials with unique properties, which can be further modified to enhance their bio-activities. Kytosan-based drug delivery systems have been developed for different routes of administration, including oral, ophthalmic, transdermal, nasal, and vaginal, allowing for targeted and sustained release of drugs. Additionally, Kytosan has been used in numerous biomedical applications, such as bone regeneration, cartilage tissue regeneration, cardiac tissue regeneration, corneal regeneration, periodontal tissue regeneration, and wound healing. Furthermore, Kytosan has been utilized in gene delivery, bio-imaging, vaccination, and cosmaceutical applications. Modified Kytosan derivatives have been developed to improve their biocompatibility and enhance their properties, resulting in innovative materials with promising potentials in various biomedical applications. This article was authored by Nimit Desai, Vani Rana, Sagar Salave, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Video 3. Housing This video is part of a series developed for the Sustainable Wildlife Management Program to provide guidance for a successful family poultry production. It focuses on small extensive and extensive scavenging systems, but could also be useful for semi-intensive production systems. There are many reasons why poultry should have a house, including protection from rough weather, thieves and predators such as dogs, cats, snakes and birds of prey. Housed birds are easier to catch to inspect for signs of illness or injury, or to vaccinate against diseases. It is also easier to collect the litter and waste. Characteristics of a good poultry house Some characteristics of a good poultry house include being rainproof and capable of protecting birds from the direct sunlight, strong winds and floods. Good ventilation is important, which is affected by the windows, the orientation of the house and height of the ceiling. Openings can be covered with wire mesh to allow for good airflow while preventing predators from entering the poultry house. You should also be able to lock the house securely. Ease of access helps with the day-to-day management and cleaning. If constructing a new poultry house, plan ahead and think about the potential flock size now and in the coming years. The size will depend on the number, type and ages of the birds and the production system. Will your birds be confined in the house all day, or will they use the house at night only? For 10 to 15 adult birds, the size of the house should be about 2 meters squared. For a bigger flock of fully confined broilers of about 2.5 kilograms each, a 1 meter squared poultry house per 10 to 12 chickens is recommended. For example, if the house is 5 meters by 5 meters, this corresponds to 25 meters squared of living space for 250 to 300 chickens. However, this number can vary depending on the season. Less space is necessary in the cold season and the age and weight of the chicken. If the poultry house is too small, especially in intensified systems, several problems can develop, including unequal distribution of food, increased temperature and chickens biting each other. You can also build an enclosure-rander poultry house to limit the wandering of the birds, but you would have to make sure that the chickens always have a sufficient quantity and diversity of food. This open-air fence space is typically 25 meters squared or more, typically 10 times the size of the poultry house and is called a chicken run. This is an example of a poultry house with a chicken run developed for the Sustainable Wildlife Management Program in Madagascar. Poultry houses, feeder, basket for small chicks, powder tray, sand, ash, antiparasitic, perch, nesting box, hatchery, litter, types of poultry houses and their materials. Different types of poultry houses are made from different materials, which vary widely from simply housing a few birds for extensive systems to housing many birds for semi-intensive to intensive production systems. If you own less than 10 birds, a mobile house or a night basket placed in a quiet and dry place can be sufficient. An adequate shelter can be constructed from materials available locally, including used or discarded construction material. Some commonly used materials are bamboo, wood, reeds, wire mesh, thatched grass, and clay and cement bricks. Always remove the bark from the wood you use in order to prevent parasites from hiding behind it. To prevent the spread of disease from chicken droppings, select either an easy to clean solid flooring or a slatted floor, for example, made of wooden slats or bamboo sticks. Any crack or hole in the house should be immediately repaired. Poultry House Location Location must be considered when building a house for chickens. For better management of the birds, it is recommended that the house be constructed close to the homestead so that you can hear if something is happening at night. But at least 25 meters from other poultry houses to avoid the spread of diseases. The house should be constructed on a well-leveled and well-drained ground or can be elevated from the ground if floods are frequent. Elevated houses are also useful to protect birds from predators. It is wise to have the enclosure close to trees for shade, as well as close to a clean source of drinking water for both hydrating the birds and cleaning utensils, such as the feeders and drinkers. Around the house, maintain the grass cut low to keep snakes and rats away from the chicken. Equipment Maintaining clean nests and locating them in safe places assists in controlling and improving productivity. The quality of eggs is better if they are clean. Moreover, it is easier to find eggs if nests are provided rather than allowing birds to lay eggs in hidden locations. You should provide at least one nest for five adult birds. Roosting on perches will minimize the contact between the birds and their droppings and therefore help to prevent diseases. Perches are best made of bamboo or round sticks that should match the size of the bird's feet. 20 centimeters of perch space per bird is recommended, which corresponds to a 1 meter perch for five birds. Removable perches and nests will ease the cleaning of the poultry house. Legislation Depending on your country or region, it is likely that for semi-intensive or intensive systems, some specific legislation has to be followed. For example, it may include farm registration, reporting of diseases, or the requirement that the location of these activities be far from residential areas to reduce the potential nuisance caused to the residents by bad odors. Contact your local administration to learn about the rules that apply to your situation. Take-home messages When constructing a poultry house, plan ahead and think about the potential flock size now and in the coming years. The poultry house should be roomy, dry, airy, and easy to clean. Use cheap locally available materials such as bamboo, wood, reeds, thatched grass, or clay bricks. Place the house close to your homestead and close to a clean source of drinking water. Include enough perches and nests, preferably removable.


Data cabling for schools. As the world increasingly moves towards a digital age, the need for fast and reliable data cabling is more important than ever. From small businesses to large schools, data cabling forms the backbone of many operations. Here, at NM Cabling, we understand the importance of having a high quality data cabling infrastructure in place, and we are here to help you get the most out of your system. Furthermore, data cabling for schools requires a great deal of attention to detail, due to the environment. As a result, it's ideal to use a reputable company that complies with all the relevant regulations and guidelines. Complying with the guidelines set by the Department of Education, NM Cabling offers a comprehensive data cabling service, that covers everything from design and an installation to maintenance and repairs. In addition, we only use the highest quality materials and components, so you can be sure that your data cabling will be reliable and fit for purpose. Department of Education Guidelines In March 2022, the Department of Education issued guidelines for meeting digital and technology standards in schools and colleges. Below is a list of these guidelines. 1. Copper data cabling should be CAT 6A 2. Fiber optic cabling must be a minimum of 16 core multi-mode OM4 3. New cable installations should be installed and tested following the manufacturer's guidance, warranty terms and conditions. 4. A manufacturer's performance warranty covering a minimum of 20 years should be provided upon completion. 5. The cabling should comply with the British standards 6701, 50173, and 50174. 6. New cabling should comply with the latest fire rating requirements, currently stated as Yuroklaus CCAS1BD282. 7. Copper cable length, permanent link, should be no more than 90 meters. 8. Fiber links between buildings should use OM4. 9. Optical fiber links between buildings should be pulled through underground ducts for additional protection. 10. All cables must be installed by approved installers with all the relevant insurances and accreditations. 9. Copper cabling for schools CAT 6A data cabling is the advanced version of the previous CAT 6. It provides significant advantages over CAT 5E and CAT 6 data cabling including higher data transfer speeds, reduced crosstalk, and improved signal integrity. CAT 6A is also backward compatible with CAT 5E and CAT 6, making it an ideal choice for upgrading your existing network infrastructure. CAT 6A is best suited for bandwidth intensive applications such as video conferencing, VoIP, and streaming media. For a high performance network with low latency and high data rates, CAT 6A is the ideal solution. 5. Fiber cabling for schools OM4 optical fiber is a type of optical fiber that is specifically designed for use in high-speed data communications networks. It is capable of carrying data signals at speeds of up to 10 gigabits per second, which is significantly faster than the previous generation of optical fiber technology. OM4 optical fiber is also able to support data transmission over longer distances than previous generations of optical fiber, making it ideal for use in long-haul network applications. Multi-mode optical fiber is a type of optical fiber that is designed to carry multiple data signals at the same time. This allows for higher data rates and longer distance communication than single-mode optical fiber. Multi-mode optical fiber typically has a larger core diameter than single-mode optical fiber, which allows it to support more than one signal at a time. Conclusion? Three key checks before hiring a data cabling installer for your school installation needs. 1. Public liability and employer's liability 2. VBS check 3. ECS, previously CECS, this only applies if the school is still a building site. Data cabling in a school is a specialist job, and it is important to make sure that the company you hire is properly qualified and ensured to do the work. Be sure to ask for proof of insurance and qualifications before allowing any work to be carried out. If you are looking for a reliable and professional data cabling company, then look no further than NM cabling solutions. We are a leading provider of data cabling services in London and the surrounding areas. And we have a wealth of experience in installing and maintaining data cabling systems in schools and other commercial premises. For further assistance or a free survey, please email or call on the details below, and click like and subscribe if you have enjoyed this video.