Let's talk one-on-one, one-on-one. Yo, we gon' talk, we gon' have fun. We be on fire, we be lily.     Name another podcast like this. Yo, yo, yo, yo, yo, stop the press, man. It's your boy, you see, yo, man. And I'm here with the lovely, amazing, official Miss Jamaica, what's going on?  Man, you got the best hand, man. I tell you what, man, it don't never cease to amaze me the things just happening around me, man. We got a young lady in here today. She don't need no introduction. She sings like a bird. Nina Mapes, she's in the building. Man, and I'm so happy to have you on the show, man. I've been waiting on this interview. You young.  Yeah, I worked on it for a while.  So it makes sense. Man, let's get it, let's get it to go. Before we get into this singing, we'd like to know where you're from.  Whoa, we're about to give you the business.  Okay, well, I'm Lena. Hey, Lena, how you doing? I'm doing pretty good. I'm the E-C-E-O. So I'm originally from New York, but we moved down here when I was really young. So you don't remember? Not much. I go back there all the time, though, because all of my family's there. We're the only people that are here in Texas. Do you like New York better than Texas? I like pieces of New York better than Texas. What part of New York do you like the best? I personally love the Bronx, because that's where all my family is.  Only if my family's not with me, because honestly, I'm more of one of those beliefs that you get homesick of people rather than the place. Not really like an attachment person to specific places. It's so different.  It's too cold. But it's fun. No, I love the cold. That's one of my worst things about Texas. I love Texas, but I cannot stand the heat. My hair used to be down to like the tops of my thighs and it weighs like, I gotta say, it adds an extra like 15 pounds. Wow. And so I'm good with the cold. Wow, man. So you come up, you're in school. What the heck, man?  When did you first know that I can sing? I think I've always known I could make music a little bit. I've always been a very musical person. I really love the arts. I actually started out in acting, which is kind of funny, doing a little bit of the musical theater that all kids go through. At what age? I think I started around when I was nine or so.  But it was kind of my first introduction in music and I kept on doing with the acting, thinking in my like nine, 11 year old brain, ooh, I'm gonna be like the next Hannah Montana. Right. But no, no, no, no. But I really started out with the acting, but when I was around 11 or so, it was late August, school was about to start and I was in this acting camp and I thought the best idea would be to make a music video. Didn't ask mom. Didn't ask the person who was leading the entire acting thing. Wow. But I said at the end of it, I said, hey, we're making a music video. Let's do this. And she was like, do you have any songs recorded? No. Okay. Do you have any song you wanna sing? I was like, no, I've never really practiced anything. And she was like, how do you expect to do this? I said, let's just bring somebody and record it. And so that day in the bathroom, I met my vocal teacher, which is just like the joke that we love. I love saying to everybody, yeah, I met her in a bathroom. She's one of the most important people in my life. But that was Brielle Pogue, AKA Jones Monroe. Okay. And that was about six and a half years ago. Wow. Yeah, so. And you just started singing. You sang for her. She's never heard you sing before that time. Never heard me sing before that time. And we're in a bathroom. I decided to do the climb of all songs by Miley Cyrus. And I said to her, I was like, oh, Hike, what do you think? And she was like, you want the honest opinion? I said, yeah. She said, you can sing, but you can't sing at all. Would you like to learn how to? Oh wow. She saw the potential in you. She did. I wouldn't have gotten really into music if it wouldn't have been for her. Wow. She came on here and she killed it. I know. She went down through that. And I made her sing like three times. Mm-hmm. She has. She loves to sing. She's amazing. So when you went home and told your mom about this, how did that go? So she picked me up from the camp and she was like, okay, so how to go today? Like recording with the person because this was like a two day time span. And I was like, oh, it was really great. She said she wanted to like teach me how to do like vocal lessons and stuff. And she was like, okay, like do you want to do this? Like instead of the acting? I was like, sure, let's do it. And so all of a sudden it all switched and we met her, yeah, and we met her the next day at her house and she was like, okay, we're gonna work through the song just to get it better for the acting camp that you were doing. And then it's six and a half years later. And I've been taking vocal lessons with her since then and songwriting classes and production. And I started learning the piano from my piano teacher, Ben Fisher, like five and a half years ago. And music has just continued on and I found who I was. How long did it take for you to refine your vocals from what it was that first day till? I'm still doing it.  I'm 17 years old. And so I am still going through changes. I'm still having my voice crack most days that I'm trying. But honestly, we had this little joke in the family. So she said to me, the main reason why you can't sing right now is cause you're completely singing in the back of your throat. I've heard stuff about him. Yeah. And so pretty much like instead of saying hi, I'd be like, hi.   And so we worked through that. It took two years or so. Okay. And ever since then it was, we called it alto girl voice because all I did was belt on the top of my lungs very badly. But it's taken all of these years to really find the sound that I like with my voice to find the thing that I enjoy out of it. But yeah, that's how we got here. So can you give me a little bit of it right now? Yeah. So I actually have my EP coming out next week on the 23rd. And so I'll show you a little bit of the first song. Okay. This one's called fantasy. Fantasy guys, make sure you guys listen in. You're about to get something that you don't even know. I wrote this song with close Ubia and Bravo in LA a few years back. It was probably one of the first songs I wrote. But let's give it a try.  Make me go crazy. I'm wasting all my time over you. Changing all my thoughts to the places that you take me. Oh, stay with me in this fantasy.  Hey, that was nice. I could listen to you like all the time. Very soothing, man. Yeah, you got it going on, man. I like that. Yeah, man. I love what you do with your voice. I just love everything about what you just did. I just love it. You know, that sounds nice, soothing, man. Yeah, I can listen to that, yeah, yeah. But when you hear it on the track, it does not sound soothing. I like to call it my smexy song out of all of them. Really? Yeah, I can't actually be sexy. I'm 17 years old. But I call this smexy song out of all with the beat of it. It's very groovy, I guess is the best way to say it. Where do you get your vocals from?  My dad likes to think it came from him. But it's kind of, I don't know really where it came from. Like I said before, I've just kind of always been very loud and projecting even when I was a kid. And so I think the tone of it came with time and the loudness came from my family being Italian by marriage in New Yorkers. Any of you other siblings say?   But they've never really taken it like a business yet. Oh, okay. I see you sing with a band, original covers. Yeah, I do. How was that? I actually love performing live. It's my favorite way to perform. I really do enjoy recording, but performing lives just gives like the aspect of like, you know, you get to feel things from the crowd really. And so I perform with a few like different members of the band, we switch it out. But mainly I perform with a man named Antoine Brailsford. Antoine, yeah, I love that dude. He's a guitarist. He's amazing. I perform with this guy named Joshua Scott, J Scott. Hunter Nappier, he's a drummer. You know, we kind of switch it out with like everybody. I have this girl named Mo who drums for me sometimes. But performing live is one of my favorite things to do. You'll see me a lot of performances like of the songs. What's your favorite song that you like to perform? Give me one that that that you love to sing. And and and it just when you know, if you had to sing for. Beyonce, Beyonce or or or Jimmy Avine. OK, what would you sing and how would you sing? Well, first of all, I you know what? I respect every other music, but I love writing my own music. So I'm definitely doing one of my originals. If I'm doing that, something that's going to like display your vocals. Honestly, out of all of my songs, I have this song. There's like two that I'm really in between. I'm having a hard time determining. I have this new song that's coming out in the album called I Don't Know. It displays my vocals massively. That's the song you'll hear me belt the most when I'm performing. It's the basis of the song was pretty much. It was a time in my life where I didn't really know what I was doing. I had lost a lot of people that were really close to me. And I didn't know how to handle those emotions very well. I mean, I'm a teenager who knows how to handle emotions. You don't even get that when you're an older adult. And so I feel like that would be the song that I would probably perform. But I'm always writing new stuff. I wrote a song the other day called Bad Decision, which is kind of like, I guess, like a Kehlani like nights like this kind of vibe. But, you know, it's always something new. And so I'd probably if I was like on the spot, my brain would go to the song I had last wrote. Give it to me. Oh, the last song I wrote. OK. Oh, my brain. I know it with the track, but my brain. OK, wait. You can be my bad decision. Yeah, my bad, my bad, my bad, my bad, my bad, my bad, decision, decision. And there's like we are just like working on the chorus and stuff. I wrote that the other day. So it was something new. My brain. Yeah, I know. But man, her voice is your voice is amazing. But when you think about when I think about 17 year old, I know teenagers go through a lot, but I'm like, what all do you you haven't been through a lot to have things to write about? OK, I'm going to be totally straight, straight, honest. There are things that I've been through that were very hard for me emotionally. I've lost a lot of people. I lost my uncle to suicide about two years ago. It's one of one of the original songs that I wrote about. But other than that, I haven't really gone through any of the typical teenage things. I've spent my entire life in music working on that, putting my craft into that. I've never held hands with anybody. Never had my first kiss. Never had anything with a boy or a girl. And so it's just kind of been everything was based off this prior knowledge that I had. I am the biggest bookworm you'll find. If you look on the phone, 750 books probably downloaded right now, and I've probably read all of them. And I'm just rereading. That's where you get a lot of the inspiration and everything for your OK. And then I have four older siblings. And so I take a lot from them. Yes, I live by carelessly through them. So I wrote a song called Naive when I was really young and it was about my sister and she had gone through this really bad breakup with this guy and he just kept like being able to convince her that like it was OK, but she like said to me when she came home and after she had broken up with him, I can't believe I was ever this naive to believe he was that good person that I thought he was. And I was like, oh, some idea off to the side, like writing the song. They don't mind it anymore. They've gotten used to it by now. Yeah, but he put my business out there. Stop putting my stuff in these songs. She loves it, though, because I had like a performance a week later and I sang the song and she was cracking out. Because I posted it on my Instagram and I'm pretty sure he saw. Wow, how we we. So you're about to do some traveling. Tell us a little bit about that. OK, so I, as I said before, I'm releasing the EP called Introspection next week on the 23rd. And so the traveling that I'm doing is mainly for the EP to show it out, you know, let people hear it. And most of my market for my kind of music and a little bit of indie soul pop is really based in England is where I've seen all of my followers. And so we're heading over the pond, as they say, for about two and a half weeks, which I'm really excited. Excited. Your mom going with you? My mom is going with me. My mom goes everywhere with me. She is my biggest supporter. She is everything for me. I wouldn't be able to do anything without her, but I'm really excited. We have about four or five performances lined up. I'm doing some writing with some people, which I'm excited about because always trying to stuff me. And then we're just like doing some PR while we're there, too. If you had to, because, you know, everybody lives in London, England. So all this a lot of celebrities, if you had to meet one person. That, you know, that lives over there. Who would that and maybe possibly work with? Who would that person be? OK, right now, because I am still like, you know, I love lyrics. It's one of my favorite things. But I've finally been able to start like understanding production more and understanding like the like amazingness that people can put behind it. And I feel like right now I'd really love to work with Labyrinth. I know that he's there a lot of the time. I don't know if he's exactly based there. I would either do him or if if she hadn't passed away, I would have chosen Amy Winehouse, because she was like my inspiration my entire life. Her vocals. Oh, my God. She she passed away much too soon. But she was she inspired everything I do. She was she was like the singer that like, you know, I grew up on. Could you give me a little bit of that song, that EP, say that in introspection, introspection. Could you sing a little bit of that for me? Yeah. So the first song in the EP was the fantasy song, which I sang before. Let me think. The second song in the EP is Obsessed. I can show you guys that song. So which one have visuals going to be dropping to it? Fantasy is the one that's having the music video. That's the one you saw. That's the ones I sang before. And so fantasy, I've been working on it for three and a half years or so. That was one of the first songs I ever wrote. And then Obsessed was probably one of like the second, the third or so. And I wrote that song completely by myself. But, you know, I'm always having other people like look over my work, change in things with me. And so my vocal teacher helped me a lot with the melodies. But this song, I love. Let's do it. Yeah. OK. I'm broken down. Your sugar told me I'm addicted. Now flashes through my mind. Oh, it consumes me. No escaping now. Help me out. My mind is running circles around things. You say it to me. Left your name in my mouth. Cause you're saying all the right things time after time. And I got you on my mind. And when you hold me all through the night. You got me feeling so fine. Cause I'm obsessed with you. I got you stuck on my mind. I'm obsessed with you. You got me feeling so fine. Hey, man. Man, you should be like somewhere like up there, like right now. That's beautiful, man. I mean, I just love the way how you do. I don't know all the words for it, but like you're powerful.  And then you do. I'm like, I just love it. Thank you. And I can see Amy Winehouse, how she can be her inspiration. I promise you, even before you said that, I just knew it. It's like the little twerks in the voice. Exactly. You know, she had this thing about her where she was able to change her voice into like these aspects. You know, like in technical terms, like people say, it's like making your voice like smaller, but she was able to make it sound this way where she sounded like four different people all at the exact same time, but made it harmoniously amazing. And so I definitely took a lot from her. But I'm glad you like the song because that's one of my favorites. Beautiful. Thank you. And you're very talented, man. I can't wait to see where God takes you. You know what I mean? The most important thing is to keep God first in your life. If you do that, I think you'll lead and guide you to the success that you desire. You know, a lot of times, man, people can't get it figured out. But at 17, you got a voice of an angel. Thank you. Exactly. So so you're in high school right now. Senior last year. Last year. Hey, what are you going to be doing after this? After high school, it's weird to think about because it's right around the corner. It's right around the corner.  Right. So I started high school in when the pandemic started. I was in school for four months and then we all were online for two years. And then I went back last year. And so it all seems kind of crazy. I feel like I should have two more years. But right now I'm really just kind of like focusing on the music. I want to be able to get, you know, like the distribution deal, like to be able to write songs for other people, write songs for myself. I I write like at least five, six songs a week. OK. And but not all of them are in my style. They're always like, you know, I go from like hip hop to kind of like indie to kind of R&B. I have the ballad songs like that are Adele. And so I really want to be able to work on focusing my music for, you know, like this next like year, like two years. And then, I don't know, college is an interesting thing to think about. I really want to get a degree one day in entertainment law, just because I've always been perfect. Yeah, because then I can protect myself. Exactly. I can protect my friends. I can make sure that, you know, we get what we deserve. Exactly. We put into it. And just to have the knowledge about that. Yes. But have you ever thought about going into country too? Like country music? Yeah. I've thought about it mainly because my dad is the he's a country fan.  Like at all. She she raised me on like 80s, 90s, everything like everything that you'll really find in that time period. And then you'll always go back to like fifties for some music and then back to the early 2000s. But my dad will only listen to country music, like no shame to country music. Country music is beautiful. I love country too. Some of the best lyrics you'll find will be country music. I just I don't really have the voice for it is the thing. OK, it's like you need to have like that feeling. That's what I was wondering because I love your voice. But I'm like, I wonder what it would sound like in country. She did try to sing country to be different.  Like right now the pain, the happiness. Yes, a lot of times some some country is usually sad. A lot of it is talking about the things that have been through. Like the girl left or the boy left or I'm home alone with a whiskey bottle. My grand father passed away. My this that happened. Yeah. Yeah. But OK, so let's go back to school because I know I said this last year in school, but you just this is like your new last year in school because you just transferred to Alan. Yeah, OK, so I moved to Alan at the beginning of my junior year. So my family, we moved like very tiny a bit like of houses.  And the school district was technically changed. Originally, I went to Lovejoy High School, like the Lovejoy School District. I was in that for all my 10 years of schooling that I was there. And then all of a sudden I was like, I was like, I have the chance to change. And I hadn't been in school for two years. And so I was like, nobody will know that I just joined. So you didn't have. But people when they leave school, especially that last year, they'll be like, this is my pivotal year of my my high school year. This is what I'm going to remember. All my friends on this or that kind of like never felt that way. I mean, Lovejoy was very small. It was very much a community like a people that. But I knew every single person my entire life. And yes, there is some comfortability in that. But there's also like the feeling like in these people's eyes, I will never change. So I became Lena. I started doing music when I was sixth grade or so. And in the people's eyes that I was in school with, it was nothing. They didn't accept you for who you were. It wasn't that I didn't think they accepted me. I think that in their mind, it was something I was playing with until I started getting serious. They didn't have faith in you. They weren't trying to push you. They weren't trying to assist you. I feel like they were trying to assist me in some way, but like they couldn't give me kind of like the help I needed. OK. And so I decided in myself, I was like, OK, you know what? We're going to move to a different school. Lovejoy was great. It is one of the best schools you'll find in the state. It's amazing in academics. And so I moved into Allen and I was like, OK, this is my time to focus on music. I'm going to take some of the more easier classes. I'm going to get all of my prerequisites and I'm going to get all the electives that I have really wanted to take. So at Allen, they have one like the best culinary programs in the state. So I was like, OK, I'm going to take a cooking class. Wow. And I'm going to take astronomy and I'm going to take forensic science.  So I was like, let's go crazy. Like if I'm just going to do the prerequisites, I'm going to take the prerequisites, I'm going to take the things that I want to find fun. They didn't offer that at Loved Toy. They offered some things. They had a forensic science class. They didn't have astronomy. You would have to go to the college for that. OK. They didn't have the cooking classes. They didn't really have any kind of home act there. And you don't know shade to love joy. The school is great. Right. I just I wanted to have the time to be able to take classes that I really enjoyed because with music, I never knew if I was actually going to go to college. I didn't know if I was going to put my work into that or if I was going to put my work into something that I'm so passionate about and that I want to do for the rest of my life. And so I think that's kind of why I moved. But it's it's been interesting. Alan is my class at Loved Toy was about two hundred and fifty four people. My class at Alan is sixteen hundred and forty. Wow. And so it's it's interesting. It's like eight times it. But I like it because I'm good. I meet a new person every day. I've never met any of these people. And what do they say about your vocals? Have they heard your vocals? Have you sang for your school yet? I've never like sang in kind of like the school area. But a lot of people like know that I do music. I mean, I have friends there now and I told them I was like, hey, guys, guess what? And they were like, what? And I said, I'm going to England on tour for like the new EP. And we were both screaming and jumping up like in the middle of the parking lot, thinking like, oh, this is so awesome. And they've heard me play music before. But it's almost, you know, it's almost like they take it more like as a job, which is what I wanted, because this is like my job.  Make sure you film everything. Because we're going to be staying tuned to your Instagram. And do you have your own YouTube channel yet? I do have my own YouTube channel. So we're going to be looking at YouTube channel. OK, so my YouTube channel, everything of my music is under my name. Lena Mates, L-I-N-A-M-A-P-E-S. And then everything else you'll find under my kind of username, which is I am just Lena official. Cool. Wow. Man, thank you for coming on the show. Top three artists of all time, dead or alive. Any genre. Number one. OK. Wait, do they have to be like in the order I love them? In the order I love them? Yes, number one. Or you can start from three up. OK, wait. OK, number three. Nina Simone. OK, number two. Amy Winehouse. And number one. Dermot Kennedy. Hey. What song does Dermot Kennedy sing? OK, so he really started out like 10, like 11 years ago. And he's slowly gained in popularity. He's an Irish singer. I kind of like fell in love with him when I was 13, like with his music. I'm a really big lyric person and his lyrics. Sing one of his songs. OK, wait. And I couldn't tell you enough that I'm sorry.  She's bringing the moon and stars to me. Damn, permanent reverie. And even though this life, this love is brief. I've got some people who carry me. Hey, but his lyrics, like it makes me want to cry. You do your thing, man. So what do you think about your voices? When you sing, you sing so angelic. But when you speak, I can hear like almost a bass in your voice. Yeah. That's what I'm like. That's so strange that you sing differently from how you talk. Well, I have like a lower range, definitely. A lot of my lower range you'll find in like some of my like more deeper songs. So like I have like a few ballads and stuff. And it'll start like a really at the deep of my voice. And then it'll slowly gain. But almost all of my songs you'll find of kind of like my mid range right now. But I'm trying to work through that, you know, make some difference. And I got to ask you, like if it was a girl out there that was. Twelve and she wanted to sing. And but she really don't know what to do. What would you what would you say to her? I would say really just to not kind of give up hope. Even if like you look online, even if you don't like know how to do it, I would say find somebody who is even like four years older than you and is doing the thing that you want and ask them for help. Watch them because the thing if music is it's always changing. There's not one specific way to get into music. I mean, I learned from my vocal teacher, but I was never classically trained. I know how to read a little bit of sheet music because I play the piano. But other than that, I was never an acquire. I was never in anything at school. All of music was really just kind of like learning from one person who had a bunch of contacts who taught me music. But learning music is listening to music. Right. And so if you know somebody who's doing what you want to do, you try to learn from them. Like you ask them all of the questions that you have. You don't care if you annoy them at that point. Wow. Beautiful. Awesome. We love you. Thank you for having me. Man. Hey, man. You know how I go? Yes, sir. It's been another great segment. Thanks for having me. A boss talk one on one with a boss's talk. And we are.


Live from Washington D.C., it's theCUBE. Covering AWS Public Sector Summit. Brought to you by Amazon Web Services. Welcome back everyone to AWS Public Sector Summit here in our nation's capital, Washington D.C. I'm your host, Rebecca Knight, along with my co-host, John Furrier. We are joined by Daniel Castro. He is the Vice President, Information Technology Innovation Foundation, a think tank based here in town. Welcome Daniel. Thanks for having me. So, the theme of this conference is all about modernizing government IT. I want to just start by asking a think tank analyst, how do you define IT modernization, particularly as it relates to the public sector? Yeah, I mean, I think a lot about how we've had this evolution and how we do e-government, right? And we've talked about the stages of e-government before, you know, for a long time. And it used to be that you had this very basic model. You put some information online and then you had the transactional model. So you'd have some communication. Then you'd have something that was a little more interactive. So maybe you'd get some more back and forth there. And now I think we're getting to this new model of e-government, right? This next stage where we can possibly start automating a lot more. We can start using AI, we can use IoT. I think that's where there's a lot of excitement now because there's so much possibility with what we can do with government that didn't exist before, even five years ago. And so, I mean, to me it's exciting to see things like where you can ask Alexa to do something with government and you can start, you know, seeing this next wave that didn't exist even a few years ago. What kind of efficiencies do you see? Because that seems to be a theme. Using data, undifferentiated, heavy lifting tasks. Where do you see the use cases in government for being more efficient with cloud and data? Well, one of the things that I have a little bit of experience in government, I used to work in government. And, you know, one thing that a lot of people tell you is that there's a lot of really boring things that you have to do when you're in government. There's a lot of really exciting things and then there's a lot of, you know, really great things you can do when you're in government. That's what attracts I think great people. But what I see is the possibility to take a lot of those boring activities out of government, the paperwork associated with, you know, your leave and, you know, filing a claim, all these things that people don't like. To me, that's the possibility. Can we get rid of the boring part of government and just have the really value added part? And with data, I think that's where we're moving because it's not about moving papers around and, you know, tracking.  It's can we really get to the core problem, which is the analytics, the decision making, the problem solving, and that to me, you see so many companies on the floor that are saying, we'll take care of the security problem for you. We'll take care of the storage problem for you. We'll take care of these applications and leave you to do the work that you actually wanted to do when you came to government. Get rid of the manual tasks and leaving more room for the creative and as you said, the analytical, the problem solving. Right. So the thing I want to ask you is that, you know, I'm old enough to see the original internet wave and the U.S. did a great job on the Department of Commerce when the internet came out, the domain name system. They worked internationally with ICANN, variety of other organizations. You see this nice growth of the internet. Now it just seems like it's highly accelerated.  You have Amazon, these big whales of tech companies. There's a huge tech flash going on. There's a lot of tech for good as well. So, you know, we were just talking on our last day with the pile of tech for good opportunities a lot higher than the tech for bad, but everyone's focused on the bad actors right now. And these are private companies. These aren't public entities, Facebook, YouTube, Amazon. So they can't arrest anyone. They can't, like, they do what they do, right? Right. So where's the new way to get this under control? What's the think tanks perspective? What's the community perspective in DC around this knowledge? So what strikes me is that the level of optimism we see around technology has changed significantly and part of that's driven by the tech clash. But, you know, if you go back to the 90s, I mean, people were excited about the potential of the internet and what it could mean. And I mean, we've done some analysis looking at even just the reporting in the media and we did sentiment analysis of, you know, how technology is being described, not just IT, but technology overall and innovation overall. And you see a downward trend in the last 20 years and it's been steady. It's been, you know, faster in the last 10 years. And, you know, that affects, I think, the ability to get the public on board with the new technology, it affects the ability of government to say, we're using technology for these new purposes and it affects the policies. I mean, when you mentioned ICANN, I mean, that was when Department of Commerce said, you know, we're going to do something fundamentally different with the internet. We're going to help create it but keep our hands off of it. And, you know, that idea was radical and new and exciting and innovative. And now we have all these new technologies like, whether it's Jones or IoT or AI, where we don't have government necessarily saying, you know, this is exciting and new and maybe we should do things different this time. We should think about a creative way of ensuring that we're not in the way of innovation, that we're putting in good guardrails to protect people and instead they want to do kind of the old model of, well, let's regulate the technology or let's, you know, focus on how it can go wrong instead of really focusing on how it might go right. Well, I got to say, we need more think tanks like what you guys are doing because my personal feeling, not being very political person and being from California is you can't regulate what you don't understand. So if you don't understand it, then get out of the way. And a lot of people that I see in DC, certainly elected official sites, they really don't know what they're talking about. They're mostly either lawyers or not tech savvy. And the ones that are tech savvy seem to be kind of oppressed like, where are they? Where's the revolution? So what's the answer then? I mean, I mean, they need, I, I, I, I, I, I think we have to educate more about what the potential is. I mean, I think when you see people start to understand, here's the technology, here's the benefits, but these are the 10 things we need to do to get there. They understand they need to do more. The problem is some of the technology, it is kind of confusing to policy makers. I mean, you try and explain what machine learning is to, you know, a 70 year old elected official and not all of them are familiar with it. Some of them are, but you look at the, Congress has an AI caucus. Congress also has a blockchain caucus, which do you think is bigger? Blockchain, of course, right? Because people think there's money there. It's maybe a little, but I mean, AI is going to be the one. Infrastructure dynamic around supply chain, which is a data challenge because now you got encryption and you have all kinds of immutability. So again, this is exciting time, but what do you do? Do you jump in, nurture it, regulate it? I mean, I think government, see what, what traditionally people think about government is the laggard in technology. What I like about this conference is I think it's the pinnacle show that government can be the leader in technology. And when government is the leader in the technology, it de-risks it for both the private sector and the rest of government. So it can say, we're going to be on the cutting edge. We're going to show how can be done. And by being an early adopter, we can also help shape the technology. So when people are concerned about, you know, bias in AI or something, if government's an early adopter, they can help address some of those problems, whether it's by making their own data sets available or showing way. When government makes, is experimenting with the algorithms and then makes some mistakes and it builds more bias into it, it has more consequences. It feels like that at least. No, I think that's true. But I think the difference is nobody expects the private sector to necessarily put citizens' interests first. But that is government's role, right? Government's role is to say, how can we make our community better? So when it has a primary seat at the table, it can shape the technology to get to those types of concerns. And now, of course, you have to have a good government. And so it's also important that we elect people who are excited about technology and protecting all people. The CIA and now the DOD with Jedi and a variety of other contracts going on, I think can be that leader again. If you look at the CIA has done, I think that is a great use case example, a leader now again, just dating since 2013, DOD now on it. My friend John Markoff, former New York Times columnist, wrote a book, What the Door Mouse Said. It was about how the hippie counterculture created the computer revolution, really from the buildup of technology around government funding to institutions and academic institutions. The counterculture developed, AKA the computer revolution. So I see a similar kind of thing happening now. It feels like you have all this tech out there, yet there's a counterculture of people saying, why is there all this red tape? Why can't we use this data? Why is LinkedIn a siloed of data? Why is Facebook doing with it? So I think the question should be asked, but the question is how should we take that position as the government to foster innovation, curb the bad, accelerate good, reward good, so the incentives could be that's digital. So I think this is kind of, I'd love to get your perspective on reaction to that. Right, no, I think that's a good point. What I see, so we had a panel this morning on open data and one of the big themes there was around the idea of collaboration. It's about partnerships between government and industry, whether it's government providing the data or industry providing data and also focusing on specific problems. I think that's how you get out of the siloed approach, which is the concern that you have, one federal agency, for example, focusing on this is my problem and I had the blinders on and not looking at how it affects everyone else and arguably that's the critique that a lot of people have about companies, but they're focused on one problem, they're not looking at the effects they have on the rest of the economy or society. I think when you have collaboration on specific problems, whether it's the opioid crisis or healthcare or energy, then you start getting people from lots of different backgrounds saying here's the resources we can bring to bear on these problems and here's how we're going to fix it and here's how we're going to do things differently. But a lot of that gets to, do you have data that you can share? Do you have IT infrastructure that's interoperable? And do you have just kind of an organizational structure that allows and encourages that type of collaboration? And so I think when you keep kind of pushing at that and saying this is the future we want, these are the problems we're going to solve, then it forces even governments that are traditionally rigid to start reorienting around new ways of solving problems. You know, open-source software really could be an indicator of where this could go because you look at the generations of evolution in open-source software. Collaboration that come out of that could be applied to data. Absolutely, and it forces, I think government agencies to rethink how they operate, right? Let me force them to say, well, maybe this traditional procurement model doesn't work. How else can we do things? How can we move to more service support, right? And those types of changes came about from, you know, a change in licensing to software, right? Exactly. Well, Daniel, thank you so much for coming on theCUBE. It's always, it's been a pleasure. We look forward to having you again on Zoom. Thanks for having me. Thanks for coming on. I'm Rebecca Knight for John Furrier. We will have much more from AWS Public Sector Summit here on theCUBE. Teresa Carlson is coming up next. Stay tuned.


In this study, researchers found that nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, NMD, can affect both the translation and degradation of RNA molecules. This process is characterized by low translation initiation rates, low codon usage bias, and low translation elongation speeds. Despite these factors, NMD transcripts still exhibited low ribosomal density in the coding region, suggesting that either initiation failure leads to abortion or that the ribosome moves quickly after initiation failure. Additionally, the low translation efficiency was observed even when there were no NMD targets present, indicating that it may be a general feature of RNA translation. Furthermore, the low translation efficiency was shown to increase under stress conditions, suggesting that it could be used as a regulatory mechanism for NMD targets. This article was authored by Zhengguozhong, Li Jiu, Landian Hu, and others.


Okay, hello and welcome to episode 95 of the market maker podcast and it's been a heavy central bank week really the final big week in the run up to Christmas and New Year we had the Fed the Bank of England and the ECB all deliver their interest rate announcements and that's going to be the main theme we're going to talk about on the back of that. Of course, there was also important information in regards to inflation, which is the key metric that the central banks are watching. We had UK and US CPI so also touch on that but before we begin, I do have peers with me back on the show. Hello. And we had our Christmas party. The amplified Christmas party was yesterday. And when we left one location to move to the next. We just so happened to be walking behind a certain individual on a very meaningful day. All things being considered so peers perhaps you could reveal who this individual was. Yeah, it's quite, it's kind of a function of our sort of, I guess job career that we kind of got a little bit sort of. We got quite excited, didn't we? Well, basically it's a celeb, like pretty much a celebrity spot for us like right in front of us. You were excited I was scared because you normally bad mouth this guy on this. I was a little bit nervous because he's actually quite a bit bigger than I thought it's quite stocky isn't he's quite stocky and he's tall and stocky which is a deadly combo. Yeah. But yeah, no it was it was none other than Andrew Bailey Bank of England governor just fresh out of the Bank of England where he had just spent the afternoon. Well, I guess spent the morning, and then midday decided to hike interest rates so yeah and there he was just trotting on down the road with his bag I guess just heading I don't know I reckon he was just heading to London Bridge. I had a quick look. I assume he was actually I've not managed to pin down his exact location but apparently he lives in South London.  Yeah, so his salary is actually half a mill. But he gets an extra 75 K top up for his pension. Every year on the back of that. I reckon he's probably a dullage village kind of guy. Yeah. But I put those a bit. Well I was a bit disappointed. I mean obviously I was quite, quite excited when we were just literally walking right behind him but then I don't know. Jerome, he's not going to be just hitting the street as a normal commuter is the Jerome pal will be limo. Limo taxi service luxury taxi service I reckon you won't find him walking to the tube. Yeah. And there was something a little bit, a little bit sinister about his demeanor is he was walking in a very like odd kind of slightly looming dooming kind of way. Yeah. He's a man who's like entrenched. Yeah, in a in a in a view and a purpose. Yeah, because everyone around him because bearing in mind this is a city the city on a Thursday night, peak Christmas season. So he's probably quite scared for his safety. I'm just surprised he was just kind of one of the people. Yeah. Yeah. Well, you know, Andrew if you're listening good to see yesterday. Well, let's, on that, let's kick off with the decision that he presided over which was the Bank of England they did hike interest rates by 0.5%, which is very much as expected it takes interest rates in the UK now to their highest in 14 years at 3.5%. The account was a three way split. There was a little bit of speculation circulating earlier in the week about a potential four way of which if that were to occur would have been the first time since 97 or something like that. I guess there might be a question. You know what you're thinking is what is a three way. Let me just clarify exactly three way is we're talking about monetary policy here. Ah, okay. Right. Still with me. So what this is is there's nine monetary policy committee members and a three way split basically is a division of how they voted the majority hiked or wanted to hike 50 basis points which is what materialized to wanted no change while one wanted to go three quarters of 1% rather than half So you can see there, the kind of absolute opposites of opinion, going from let's just leave rates, we've hiked. I think this was the ninth consecutive meeting we've done nine, nine of these now, let's stop. And I'm sure we're going to talk about that because I know you've kind of fallen camp or someone else going look let's just hike another 0.75% so just before I hand over to your thoughts. Ken Ray Rowe and Dingra, they backed leaving rates unchanged. Their reasons were they cited a weak economy, signs that the existing rate rises were already starting to affect the jobs market, and the full effect of those nine is still to come through. Right. And obviously this week, which we can also look at UK CPI fell. So your thoughts on the actual. Well, it's not it wasn't a surprise. So, you know, another hike, but albeit a smaller one at 0.5% was what markets were expecting. So that's what happened, but yeah I'm definitely still in the camp where I think it's an error. There he was walking along the street last night. And yeah, I just think he's got it wrong. My personal humble opinion, I think that the, especially in the UK, more so than the Fed in the US and more so probably than the ECB in Europe as well but I think because the UK economy and the economic outlook for the UK is worse than it is. And if it's worse for the other regions, then I think it's even more reason to put the brakes on now. You know, interest rates going up. It does take time to kind of follow through and have the impact, you know, on the actual, you know, on the street as it were in terms of having an impact on borrowing costs and so on. And all of these hikes they've been pumping through, you could argue that actually none of them yet have really had a full on proper impact it takes such six to nine months of a kind of lag from the interest rate to change. And for them that to have be fully felt in the underlying economy. Okay, six to nine months so here we are. And like we're heading into 2023 and look, we're going to have a big recession. They're hiking too much now. And I think this will come through to be very apparent next year. And look, they're going to have to cut again but I think any height from here is a mistake so I think yesterday was a mistake but what do I know I mean what Bailey said was a further full forceful monetary policy response was required. And you know who knows maybe more to come. So, yeah, I don't know. And I just I just feel like they've overdone it now. And have we, have we seen peak inflation already because inflation was at 11.1% the reading we had this week it dropped to 10.7 which was actually expectations. The inflation decline largely due to a cost of petrol and used cars along with tobacco clothing computer games and hotel stays for all the reasons but still impacting the cost of living crisis was that food prices are still going up. Yeah, they've risen by around just shy of 17% in the last 12 months. Yeah. Yeah, I mean, so 10.7% right that was the headline inflation reading year on year for November. So slightly less than October's high of 11.1, but still that 10.7% reading it's still the second highest reading in this entire episode right so it's really elevated obviously above 10% is just kind of crazy insane but just look at you know core inflation. It's not going up. I mean look, don't get me wrong. It's not really yet showing signs going down either. But if you look at the core inflation charts very it's much flatter. And actually we had a reading for November at 6.3%. Now the April inflation reading was 6.2. We had like eight months where it's kind of been flat it's been oscillating up and down a bit but basically flat for eight months so it's not like inflation's going up and look I guess you could say well it's not coming back down yet. So we need to carry on hiking rates because obviously these rate hikes are doing the job but that's the error. That's failing to realise that there's a lag between rates going up and having the actual impact. Another supporting factor perhaps for you and Silvana and Swati, the two ladies you voted for holding, because I know you're a trio, is that UK retail sales came out this morning and it unexpectedly fell in November came in at month and month minus 0.4%. The consensus estimate was for plus 0.3%. And the reason why I think this is a supportive what you're saying is because consumer spending. As you said many times over many episodes accounts for about two thirds of national output is key for growth. Now the decline last month was driven by online sales with Black Friday on November 25th helping less prior years. Sales of auto fuel, second hand goods at auction houses, computer goods were also the other key things for the decline. One thing though. So, despite being partly offset by higher sales of food and drink, clothing, household goods, shoppers generally attracted to some of the early and it was going to be long department store kind of discounting to counteract the kind of economic situation. One of the other things is, is that we've had horrible weather here in the UK and train strikes. Yeah, now actually then if things are already bad and Black Friday has underperformed. Yeah, doesn't matter if you've got discounts in terms of footfall, you can't actually get out there. And one of the things here is the hospitality businesses. Because, I mean I've seen lots of shots and things like that seen a bit.  I mean, peak Christmas season it wasn't that busy. It wasn't to be honest. It wasn't. Yeah, I agree. Like, yeah, we went to that bar after obviously bumping into Andy, good old Andrew Bailey we went into that bar and yeah it was. It wasn't round. I mean it was quite busy, but it wasn't round, but previous years you wouldn't have to get it like full stop. It'd be a queue right so. Yeah, look at retail sales. If you want to look at, if you want to look at a chart that tells you that quite starkly and quite dramatically tells you how bad the UK situation is, then look at a retail sales year on year chart. And it has been heavily negative every month or since April. And I mean heavily averaging about minus 6% down year on year every month since April. And that's going to continue. And, you know, this inflation thing it's hurting obviously, and we're about to tip into a pretty decent size recession. And there is one, there's one thing, and actually maybe actually I'll bring it up when we talk about the Fed, because it's perhaps a more insightful that it's the labor market there's just one little thing in this whole equation that's still being quite stubborn. And it's the kind of powlers kind of hung his hat on it as the reason to stay hawkish I'll talk about that when we. Let's go I mean look the limos arrived, Jay Powell's just rocked up so the Fed helps the height rates themselves by their own point 5%. But one of the key comments was from the Fed chair drone power that we still have some ways to go this referencing, and this will will come back to and link to the ECB of what Lagarde said as well it's very similar. But along with the increase came an indication that officials expect to keep rates higher through next year with no reductions until 2024 the terminal rate. So to simplify that they're just talking about where rates are going to peak in the cycle. Which where officials expect to end rate hikes was put at 5.1%, according to the dot plot, which is the expectations of these these policy officials. There were hawkish comments then, but it did come in the context of headline year over year reading inflation in the US earlier in the week, this was the day before the Fed announcement came in at 7.1%. There's below expectations at 7.3 actually marked the smallest 12 months increase since the period ending December of 2021. So before reading was also 0.1 below expectations came in. Well, it came in at is below expectations of 6%. So 5.9 in fact shelter costs, which are the biggest service component. And they make up about a third of the overall CPI index increased by 0.6% last month, and that's up 0.6 but actually, that's the smallest advance in four months as hotel rates declined so. Yeah, did you think, did you think it was quite hawkish what pal was saying. Yeah, I think it was more hawkish than expected. Yeah, so this if you want to take the full week on Tuesday we had the inflation data. Yeah, right, and that was kind of positive right in that it was dropped as you're saying, further than expected so you had a bit of a well markets were really interesting because markets kind of rallied pretty hard. I like stock markets rallied pretty hard off the back of that, but then it did then it didn't last it was quite a sharp rally and then by the close it all come back off and we kind of closed around about quite flat so markets had to go at that move saying inflation is dropping faster than we thought. Therefore, the Fed are going to the top, the peak of the feds hiking cycle will be lower. You know we will maybe start to see even rate cuts second half of next year. This is what's been fueling that market rally over the last few weeks right, the idea that inflation is going to drop faster than the Fed have been thinking before they'll stop hiking rates sooner, that peak will be lower, and we'll have a recession and they'll start cutting rates second half next year that that was kind of the idea right so stocks on the up but the rally didn't last which was quite telling. Then you move on to the following day where it's the Fed, and yeah I think he was more hawkish than expected like one thing he said was, it will take substantially more evidence to give confidence that inflation is on a sustained downward path. So he still needs substantially more evidence now. I don't know why. I mean the headline inflation number. Well, here we go one, two, three, four, it's been going down five months in a row with actually the drop in November being the largest one. So it's actually been going down for five months and the downward trajectory is just accelerated. That's on the headline reading. Look at the core and find it's a bit different but you still have now two down months in a row. The move lower being much larger than expected. Sure, I think when you look at the core chart, the core inflation print for November was 6%. You need something below 5.9, which was the two readings we had in the summer so June, July we had 5.9. So I think you kind of need something below 5.9 to go right actually if you really wanted. So maybe Powell's waiting for that core inflation chart to go below 5.9. So maybe that's his idea so he but because it hasn't. You know, he's remained kind of hawkish and I guess the dot plot was that interesting kind of that was the hawkish element right because that's where they fed members predict and tell us what their view is on where interest rates are going to be in the future. If you take the end of 2023 dots, then it moved up right and it's gone up to 5.1%. So remember that the current interest rate is now four and a half percent right. So they're saying 5.1 so that means number one. They're not at the top of the hiking cycle there are more hikes to come. That's number one. They're also saying number two there and this is the important bit there aren't going to be any cuts at all in 2023. No cuts at all. Remember markets have been rallying a bit in the last few weeks because they're starting to think that cuts will be second half of the year, no cuts at all. And to give you an idea how quickly it's changed. So the number of fed members who think interest rates will be 5.1% or higher at the end of next year is 17 out of the 19 members right 17 of the 19 think it will be 5.1 or more. If you go to the September meeting. None of them thought rates would be above 5%, not one. So in the last three months, 17 of the 19 have revised up there. Kind of prediction as to where rates will peak. And they're telling us there'll be no cuts next year. Now that's what the Fed is saying. What's so compelling to have such a majority of them holding that view then. Well, so how's angle on inflation, whilst when you look at all the headlines and the charts find they're coming down is one big concern is about the labor market. And what we have is a gap. I think it's like a three and a half million job gap. Right. So in terms of number of jobs available and number of workers. There's a three and a half million gap. So that means that the labor market conditions are still really tight. And the Fed all the different federal districts because we talk about the Federal Reserve but there are, think why they're 12 federal districts so the US the whole of the US is broken up into 12 areas. The Fed has a federal district bank and they do analysis on their own area right economic analysis and this is released monthly and it's called it's called the beige book. Because it's literally a book. Well, I guess it used to be a report that would be given to the Fed in a beige binder but it's like an economic review of each region. Now what that region was the base book was talking about was how companies. Going into a recession companies will normally lay people are cut costs. And obviously that just spirals the recession, because people are losing their jobs, they don't have income anymore. Therefore they can't consume so consumption drops and this kind of that like that vicious cycle. What we're seeing here is a bit weird for now, whilst we are getting job cuts and we've been talking about this in the tech sector if you look a bit more broadly. We are hesitant to lay people off, because they found it a real nightmare to hire. You just can't hire at the moment, because of that gap that's three and a half million people gap right. So they're like, Oh, God, if I, if I do lay people off, I'm going to want to rehire when we're kind of the other side of the recession but rehiring has been so difficult, maybe I should hang on to these stuff. I think that's going to be more negative for our bottom line as a company, maybe we should just try and hang on to them so we don't have that rehiring nightmare on the other side. So that means that the Fed believe because of that tightness in the labor market they feel that wages are going to stay high.  I'm worried that that will continue to sustain this high inflation that that's their thing. So, I guess they have a point. And so I guess the Fed want needs to keep rates higher for longer to create more pain so that companies do lay them off because they have to they literally can't afford them. And then fine you get the demand destruction and fine inflation comes down. Yeah, so, but the markets right. That's what the Fed are saying. And that's one thing. Markets aren't so sure they're not quite sure whether to believe them. And I think you've kind of seen that this week, although I'd say, because markets kind of rallied Tuesday afternoon of the inflation data then dropped back off and close pretty much flat. And off the Fed meeting itself, which was Wednesday night, of course, we got some downside. No, hang on, sorry, it was quite choppy. And yeah, right markets finish slightly not right but not much and actually pretty much where we were pre inflation data on Tuesday. So markets were about flat going through the inflation data and the Fed is not until Thursday started seeing things come off and actually Thursday was a really big down day. So I think maybe the markets are just slowly digesting that Fed news a bit more and actually taking it a bit more on board because pre this week markets have not been agreeing with the Fed they don't believe the Fed. Markets have been going Fed you're wrong inflation is going to come down faster than you think you're not going to get rates above 5% you're going to you're going to cave and start cutting second half of next year. That's what markets been thinking so I think I think there's just a bit more doubt in amongst markets now. And maybe they think you know God maybe the Fed have got a point and that's why you saw the downside yesterday. So that's a bit of the, or exacerbating the weight that's come in to the back end of this week. Essentially across all global indices is we had the ECB. Yeah, and the ECB hiked the similar recurring theme of 50 but the guard, the president of the ECB said anybody who thinks that this is a pivot for the ECB is wrong. We should expect rates interest rates at 50 basis point pace for a period of time. Yeah, and European stocks fell about 3% yesterday as the lowest level in a month, nearly the most in two months actually. Yeah, I think of the three. So we've had the three banks right. The Fed went first bank of England and the ECB of the three ECB have been more hawkish with their, they all did the same thing they hiked rates by 50 basis points but the ECB were more hawkish more ground to cover, we have longer to go, the ECB is not pivoting. Yeah, probably, you know, for the 50 basis point hikes, you know for a period of time to understand that the ECB are behind the other two in their hiking cycle. Right, and they always are minutes. It's classic ECB to be just late to the party. You know, so they're interested, they didn't start hiking rates until June. Right, the bank of England started in December. The Fed started in March. So these be starting June so they're behind. And their interest rates are at two and a half percent. So, you know, the Fed's interest rates at four and a half. And the bank of England is at three and a half. So they're they're behind. So from that argument, well, they should be hiking for longer than the other two because they started later. But, yeah, I think the Lagarde's comments really tipped the balance this week. That's why you got the big sell off yesterday in global markets. I mean, Europe sold off more than the others. I mean, Europe, Europe's stock 600 had their worst down days since May, because it was notably hawkish from global markets all came up as a result. So, yeah. So the other the other factor here as well, probably compounded that was that complimenting the right push officials outlined plans for quantitative tightening. Right. Offload that's basically offloading government debt that they had purchased as a stimulus in the past through to cover the plan envisages partially halting reinvestments of maturing bonds under their APP, the asset purchase program from March. So the end of Q one volumes are going to average 15 billion euros a month in the second quarter with the pace beyond that still yet to be determined so they're just plowing ahead. Come what may. Yeah, and again, their last to do. You know the Fed have been reducing the balance sheet Bank of England have as well. All right. There was the, you know, Liz trust saga that kind of just got in the way and had a little Yeah, we don't talk about that. Okay. So, yeah, I mean, they're always late. The problem with the ECB is, by the time they really get their act together, right, let's go, let's go, let's start tightening then there was two legs the recession started so. Yeah. So, certainly the hawkishness of the ECB with they were the most hawkish of the three. That's why you got set up on Thursday. So I think look the big question now is well, we've got a couple of weeks till your end. And what happens, you know, with markets, because we were rallying it was looking pretty nice we were, we were talking about the Santa rally and you know, the scope for a push into your end and it's all of a sudden this week it's suddenly just gone a bit flat. And is that rally into year and actually actually going to happen and in fact the S&P right now in the futures we're trading the lowest we've traded for a month. We're down to low as we haven't seen since the start of November now that upward cycle that we've had from mid October, where for now it looks like it peaked into November, just around 4100 on the S&P so that six week rally. Looking more on the longer term chart, where that six week rally has peaked, it's pretty much right on the downward trend line for the last 12 months. So technically, the index has turned at the trend line and has now been going down for a couple of well for a for a while this week and then set the lowest levels we've seen for like four or five weeks right so technically it all looks like neat and tidy, the downtrends still in play, and maybe we go lower. I mean, thinking about valuations. Well yeah valuations have obviously come down because the market sold off all year right, thinking about S&P P e ratios. At the peak it got a bit crazy in 2021 where the average was up around 25, 26 times P ratio which is crazy, crazy high right. We've come off we're about 17. So the S&P is trading at 17 times P. Now that in itself is about mid level is about average. Meaning we're not stock prices are not pricing in a recession right now. They are not pricing in a recession. If they were we'd need P ratios to be going down towards 10 right 1012 area so you might say from a if you think there's going to be a recession. You do need to go lower to price that in but maybe you don't I mean, yeah, I was quite confident we get a rally into your end. I thought maybe get 4200 in the S&P. Now I think that's definitely less confident about that. But do we go to 3600. I don't know. I don't think so. Personally I don't think so. I think we will slide sideways into year end. That six week rally is kind of done, but I don't expect a big sell off unless stuff happens and material like you know you like looking at the headlines today like in the FT obviously we've got looks like COVID cases in Beijing are on the up so whether I've seen them plays a role I saw Russia are selling oil to India. At, you know, the European price cap, or I should say the West sanctioned price cap so looks like Putin's caved. And it's going on alright fine, I have to use these ships that are only going to get insured by the European insurers, I can only use them if I'm selling oil below the cap of $60 and it looks like that's happening so from an inflationary point of view it's a good thing from an oil supply risk point of view. So that's a positive. But that maybe that reverses again I don't know. So, yeah, I don't think there's we kind of we've had the last major kind of macro stuff now this week was this was the big week of the, you know, the last big remaining week of the year. The CPI prints and the central banks all coming and the net sort of conclusion is, inflation was looking good, it's dropped more than we thought, but the central banks have stayed more hawkish than we were expecting. So net next kind of that's annoying, and markets might just flatten off into the end of the year. Right well on that conclusion. This will be the last episode until we're back in the new year, I think it will be probably the sixth I think by the time we get around to the, the welcome back to 2023. What episode are we on here. We're on 95. 95. Yeah. Okay, so we need to we're going to drop some plans for the big 100. Well, we need to start. Yeah, well look, there's going to be not just the 100 lots more to come from amplify we've been having lots of strategy meetings. The team and I over the last couple of days about lots of exciting new simulations that we're going to be coming to market with so for sure stay tuned if you're not subscribed to the channel please do hit the notification bell as well and you're getting to know as soon as the new episode comes out in the new year.  Enjoy your Christmas. Have a great new year. Piers thank you for the last 12 months joining me on here. Yeah. Well, happy new year Merry Christmas and you have a great break. All right, take care everyone.


In this video, let us talk about significant figures. Now to understand significant figures, we need to first understand what is the problem that these significant figures are solving? Why do we need to study about them? Why is this in our syllabus? Okay, let's see. Let's say you're performing an experiment in the lab and there's a ball in your lab and you're trying to find the density of that ball. Now to find the density, you need the mass of this ball. But you don't have the weighing scale right now. But in some other experiment, somewhere else has written that the mass of this ball is 27,000 grams. So it's a very heavy ball. Let's say it's a steel ball. Now you want to use this measurement in your calculations. You want to use this 27,000 grams. But to be able to use it, here's the problem. You don't know how much error does this measurement have. Who measured it, you don't know. Which device they used, you don't know. But you want to know how much error does this measurement have. And you want to know this error because depending on this error, you will be able to say how much error is there in your final result, in your result of the density of this ball. So you must know how much error this measurement has. Now maybe the mass of this ball was measured on a device that measures the mass in grams. So maybe the device said that the mass of this ball is 27,000 grams. And if it was one grams less, it would say that the mass would be 26,999 grams. And if it was one gram more, then the device would say that the mass is 27,001 grams. So we are very sure that the mass is 27,000 grams. We are sure of all of these digits 27,000. So all of these digits in that case would be significant digits. We trust all of them. So we say that all of them are significant. But there is another possibility. Maybe this was not the case. Maybe the device that this ball was measured on measures the mass in kilograms. And it said that the mass is 27 kilograms. And the person that wrote this measurement simply multiplied this by thousand and wrote it as 27,000 grams. In that case, if the mass was one gram less, then the device will not show 26,999 kilograms because it was made to measure only till the last kilogram, not below that. So it will only show 27 kilograms even if the weight was 26,999 grams. Or even if the weight was 27,001 grams. Even then it will show 27 kilograms. So in this case, if the person has written it as 27,000 grams, then we are only sure of the 2 and the 7. We are not sure of the other three zeros. Maybe the mass was 26,999 and the device showed 27 kilograms. Maybe it was 27,001. So we are not sure of these three. So in that case, these three will not be significant figures. Now in order to deal with such situations where there is ambiguity and we don't know which digits are significant and which digits are not significant, we devise the set of rules. These rules will tell us which digits we should consider significant when we are reading a measurement and which digits we should not consider significant. And these rules help us ensure that we are taking the right amount of error in our calculations. So for example, over here, we are only sure of 2 and 7. We are not sure whether the zeros are trustworthy or not because we don't know the device. So we will say that only 2 and 7 are significant and others are not significant. So based on this, we can make a rule that if there are zeros at the end of a number where there is no decimal point, then those zeros are not significant. Similarly, we can make other rules to make sure we are not underestimating our error. We will go through all of these rules one by one in the next video but now you know why do we need to talk about significant figures at all.


The pack spam is here the pack spam is here and the best part about this boys no money spent over a hundred packs All right, don't need FIFA points. You don't have to use FIFA points You can do it your own way. Oh, it's a walkout. Oh Okay Raheem the dream Second pack we're already getting walkouts, baby. Let's go Let's go Pope was the move all day. Nah, I'm gonna pack Pope from these upgrades, man Yes, we're in the orange. We are the whole team is out. What a pack. Let's go get in Yes, sir We are starting good today Rare gold pack. I've seen icons packed out of these icons have been packed for sure out of these walkout Croatia center mid-modric Take a little 87 Luca GGs opening one pack before I leave. Let's go. You're stuck at work until three pain Sorry, bro. FIFA will be here when you get back. What happened to red picks? They said it was fixed, right? Didn't EA tweet out and they said it was fixed, but it definitely was not fixed Because they haven't re-released them Like if you open your red picks early like They said they were fixed but like if people open to got golds then is he ain't gonna compensate you with the cards, you know You know 85 Lino's not bad Yeah, Tesla. I'm not sure where reds are man I'm not sure where reds are You got a red Pope a lot of oh draft token. That's 15 K W five six Ultimate packs the 83 times 25 and the 85 times five. I'm gonna start with the prime gaming Then go for the hundreds 125s and finish with the big boys All right, no boards there GGs All the team of these are probably just gonna keep dropping with the supply At least for the next little bit 81 plus player pick from a prime pack Tiago Silva nice Nice Yeah, all right. Here we go. Are we getting a team of the year from these packs? The chat says no, but our hearts say yes first ones will walk out Paul Oh, dude. He just was a team of the week a Little 86 Paul Pugba. I was excited there for a moment and then I realized Frick Frick all right three more ultimates. Let's go and then the big boys Fluff it. All right There's a walkout. Oh my gosh. No No Broncos, you're good, bro Brazilian goalkeeper Edison, okay, there's good Fada good Fada You just pack name our tradeable Pandy, let's go man another ultimate for the boys Another ultimate for the boys walk out What icon Right is this an icon?   You got an icon man. Let's go All right, let's go man 85 times five. Let's go EA sports. We're hoping for a team of the year. That's the prediction Walk out Brazil goalkeeper All right back to the icon grind Back to the icon grind All right, so you got an 88 86 86 85 and 85 That's also kind of painful. Here. We are boys the 83 times 25 25 players all 83 and above We want to see the purple flare. Let's go walk out It's not purple It's not purple pain Wait cause the gint form. All right. Well, that's an eight wait. No There's no way that the top rated card out of this There's no way you're telling me the top rated card out of this is gonna be an 85 There's got to be something below it or bigger behind it, right there has to be There has to be okay Kane cruise sancho sancho bonucci. That's That's Oh decent fodder. I would say I would say molar as well Dude, if you're 83 to ratio to the higher aides, that's like a small w. I think small w The share play will stop in one minute. All right. Well, let's open this pack then basement icon pack Let's go Is it gonna be for a top-nine nation? It is the answer the friction is yes. Oh, no Mid Gerard, please It was from a top-nine nation boys and it is skulls that is pain. It's time boys 85 times five Here we go Come on.  Walk out. Yes It's not a team of the year It is going to be oblac or handanovich and oblac. It is a 91 rated though from your 85 times five Okay, okay Okay, okay, okay, okay And 286 is in any five at least you got a 91 bro at least yes At least you got a 91 rated and now for the second big pack 83 times 25 Now it's team of your time boys, come on Let's get one for this guy Walk out. All right. We had our hide our we had our Wait, dude, that's the second cost is that we've packed out of an 85 times 25 83 times 25 That's the second one dude. What is this? That's so rigged That's so rigged Varan Hey, you got Varan, bro. That's not bad if you didn't have him already What a set of dupes Edison and Conte at the end Yo man, okay, they're both untradable though. I mean at least it's fodder dude I hope it's not another costage. All right. Here we go. Let's go Team of the area sports Come on. Why are these in forms popping first man? Okay, there still could be something behind it. There still could be something behind it, but that's kind of like pain That's a little painful the over hits the over hits With a dangler with a dangler Cool the Bali saves the day for the over That's a lot of 83s and an 83 times 25 man. What is that, bro? You never really trade a bunch of FIFA but at this point in the game is 600k end up to trade with Oh, absolutely flipping special cards. You can absolutely do that, bro You're getting walkouts like every single pack man. That's good Money or last year that would have been a team of the year You got long for 526 on bid W. Hey money. It's not a bad pull Money, it's not a bad pull EA sports. That's highway robbery You better fix up for this last 125 man. This guy has saved his packs for a long time He's saved these packs for a long time He okay, bro. Yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah bronze pack reset. Yep, I Love it. I love it big fan Big fan of the bronze pack reset back to the ultimates Regression to the mean good point dabbed regression to the mean.  Please be the prime prime chef. Let's go That's the second icon today. He's wearing is that the team of your kid or the icon kid, bro He's wearing the icon kid. Let's go Bang the bronze pack reset OP Brons pack reset OP Let's go man. Is that tradable? It's not tradable. You just packed prime chef shanko wwww Second icon today That's a walkout.  Oh my gosh, man I do not want to see that guy in any packs today. All right 83 times 25 Will the icon swap grind pay off? Walk out yet. Oh I got baited boys. I got baited. I got baited Casemiro. Oh, I Saw the blue back there, man. I saw the blue The over hits once again, I Thought that was it too, bro. I thought that was it. Oh My gosh Wow, if you but if you bet the over you got kind of lucky cuz 55% say base 45% say mid Let's go. Is it gonna be a base or mid and who is it gonna be? Oh No, Vidditch Not really what you're looking for it is base Vidditch, which isn't terrible, but Not the best. Is it just me as your counter frozen? It's frozen on zero packing That was a good joke. That was a really good joke. All right and 85 times 5 player pack 31% of you guys said it's gonna be under 87.5. It's the highest rated card 69% said over let's go Let's go. It's a walk out. So it's looking good for the over. Can we get the other German goalkeeper, please? All right 90 ter Stegen So the prediction pays out for the over You guys bet the over you guys it's over hard man. You had confidence. Oh my gosh a 1989 88 and an That's actually not bad for fodder from an 85 times 5 to be fair because I've seen people get 286 is in the rest 85 I don't know why I'm also very confused That's a walk out that is just a regular walk out French Ziv Oh Varan dub W You have 250 packs to have time to open that Mustafa not today, man 250 packs for us gonna take a long time to craft another walkout left mid No, no way Name or what? Yo, I was not expecting that at all. Oh my gosh Let's go. I saw Brazil left mid. I was like wait a second Let's go.  That was I think it was a hundred K pack. Is that tradable? It's untradable. Oh, dude. You are set, bro. You are set Good price for Trent. Oh, he was 950 earlier today. That's a walkout. Oh Inform from the Prem. Oh I thought it was gonna be Nick Pope. Oh James Madison 86 rated We move I'll take that Madison's DC. Yeah, it is man Brandon. I got you brother. I got you walkout again back-to-back walkouts English Striker Jamie Farty. Oh, I'm getting Lester City players Back-to-back walkouts though, did the pack luck just turn up? Hello Hello Davies going back down Wait till he's 1.6 again Maybe he will get back down there, bro. Maybe there's just so much people that wanted to buy the cards That it really boosted their price up That's another walkout dudes. Oh my gosh the pack the pack weight is in right now English again Striker again Boys what is up with this? Let's go This freaking Marcella team of the week.


don't need any more karaoke versions of anyone else. We want you to be you. Which doesn't mean that you can't be inspired by, influenced by someone else that is brilliant to what you aspire to be brilliant at too. Stealing isn't copying.


What is up everybody? Jason here for jaspyskatespace.com, 23, 24, Paninian prison, basketball hobby, 6 box, half case break, PYC, Numero dos. All right, Jordan, last bomb elder with the hogs. Well, I don't know that certain situation Rex, but at the same time, a lot of celebrities and athletes clear out their Instagram and unfollow a lot of people. So, I mean, at the end of the day, you don't really know what it means until you actually ask the person. AJ Brown cleared up all his Eagles stuff and anything to do with sports, especially Eagles. But everybody thought, oh, it's because he hates the Eagles and, you know, doesn't want to be part of the team no more. But no, he just said he was tired with all the sports and social media, all the sports talk, all the Eagles talking to social media page. So, excited to clear it out. I don't know what it is for fields though, but like I said, it doesn't really matter at the end of the day. Think of the day and error, people just pay attention to that too much of who people follow who they don't. But if I'm fields, honestly, I'll probably just want to get out of there. It seems like they're not really sure what they want to do yet, so just trade me to a possible landing spot where I can ball out. I mean, I don't know, I'm getting just a weird feeling. It might be the duck in me that hates the USC Trojans, but I think Caleb is one of the most talented, most gifted quarterbacks going into this draft like ever. But something just tells me, I don't know if it's going to pan out. I don't know why. Like, I just feel like his leadership is not all there. And like I said, I don't know, something is starting to bother me about that dude. I hope I'm wrong though, because he's pretty good. Even Thompson. Hi man, I guess. That's a nice one right there. Always stuck to the second part too. Miami Heat going to Shawn Matic. Nice color right there. Number to 125. And a little Charles Barkley to 125 for the 76ers. And we got a Jalen Picker for the Nuggets. One of the last few teams taken, Joe. View Camp. We just started the first box match, so you're really not that late. We still have the second half of the box to go. Sir Bari. Sir Bari Rice. What's up, Roger? Yes, sir. Just the first, first half of the box. Of the first box, I should say. Just started. We just hit our two autographs right there. We hit a nice hot gas right now. So a Pig Get, and then Rice for the Spurs. Still have the second half here. Some Wallace. Ice Brown and Miller Silver, we'll take that. Brown and Miller base. And Ice Queson Wallace for the Thunder. Mark got my thunder not too long ago. Put my stones here. Yeah, there's a lot of players I think that should be. We were only told to do so many, but if I start seeing them, I'll at least leave them. Or at least I'll tell the should be team. There should be some honorable mentions. I mean, it's just like prison, you want to like sleep every single thing, but she definitely does that out. Taylor Hendricks to $1.99. Diverse Smith. And Usman D'Ang to $1.49 for the Thunder. All right, so here's the first box guys. Miller Silver, Queson Wallace, Haim and Haqiz. I believe it is. They usually don't have Quesons.  So I got to figure that that's what it is. But I don't know, I haven't seen Prism today, so I don't know if they're one per case or if they're like one every other case, one every X amount of cases. Like I said, I haven't paid attention to people breaking it. I usually like to watch it myself first breaking it, then I start watching break. But yes, I think Prism main is the new insert they have created for this. Because Prism basketball has never really had case hits, honestly. It's not like football where they put like a, you know, color blast and, you know, all these other inserts they create for other sports. Prism main is basically the brand new insert they created. And they're calling it ultra rare. All right, next one, guys. Aiman Thompson, Vince Carter, and a little Victor Oladipo for the Thunder. Didn't even last me on the Thunder again. KD, Hakes, Buffkin, and T-Mac for the Raptors. Nice one there. Raptors gonna Michael. Robert Covington for the Clip Show, a 175. Stephen Ashton, 99. For Phoenix, 1.5. Kay, some olives be popping out a lot, man. And Kevin Hooter for the Kings. One of the last two teams taken. And we got Scoot Henderson, Luck of the Lottery. Jade and Ivy for the Pistons. Jordan with that one, a 175. Mugs. And we got Kelly Overay. Donovan Mitchell for the Cavs. All right, I don't think this one had any autographs. I'm correct. But I did hear customers say that in some boxes they've seen that there's been no autographs, but then there's been four in the other half, in the other boxes. So yeah, this one didn't have no autographs. So I'm thinking that it's gonna be in the next boxes there. We've seen multiple cases today. Ripper, what have you been seeing in prison so far? Jane McDaniels, Jordan Hawkins, Jalen Pickett, Chris Livingston, the 199. For the Bucks. This one looks a little dirty, too. I think you can wipe that stuff off the... Oliver, Max Sins, Prosper. James Najee, the 175.  Every box has either been the autographs that have been in the first stack, like right away, or it's been in the second stack, the last X amount. Woo! There we go. I got you, Jordan. The Sword Thompson. That's a blue color match as well. 39 out of 49. A little nerve-wracking there for a second. A little nerve-wracking. But we did it, we did it, we got that one. And then Nicole Ajovic for the Heat. We've been playing really good this year for a second year as well. Good box, good box, good box. And Tari Eason for the Hawks. That's a 180 now. Alright, we're still missing two autographs though, but happy we got two autographs in this one. We're halfway through, guys. Still another half to go. Looks like Rack's got his cubbies in a five star. So five left, guys. And the next five star, which I can break that before I head off at three o'clock, guys. We've got just enough time. Yes, it did, Matt. It just released today. Those are the two big releases today. Prism and five star. Julian Phillips and a Tyler Hero to $2.99. For the Heat, it was Randall. And Nasred. Timberwolves to $1.75. The Bowl Bowl. Love me some Bowl Bowl. Two out of 60. Brandon Miller, so this is just a red wave, but not number, but who cares? It's Brandon Miller, baby. There you go, Brian. Hopefully a little bit more for you as well. A lot of scope, silver. Nice, Aiman Thompson, silver as well. Silver's gonna be tough to hit, too. Very nice. Robert Williams to $2.99 for the Blazers. And a Jimmy Buckets for the Heat. Scoon Henderson. Prism Break Paul George and a little Rui Hachimura for the Lakeshore. Matthew with that one. Brandon Miller base. And we got Clyde the Glide. Drexler for the Blazers. 30 out of 49. And actually, Jordan got the Blazers as well. There you go, man. Yacovic, look at that, Jordan. Getting rewarded here, buddy. Last few teams, too, you took to get this sold out for the Kings. And Grady Dick to $1.99. All right, still not one Wemby in this half right here. I'm looking to get at least a color to bounce back. Who has the bounty out there, Matt? Who has the bounty? Ooh, is that a snakeskin? Looks like a snakeskin out here. Ben Wallace for the Pistons. Sick. Jordan, there you go, buddy. 13 out of 15. Ben Wallace. Pistons having a much better second half. Glad he took him in the second half, buddy. There's our first Wemby in this half. And about Sergio Barri Rice for Wemby there, too, in this first. Reggie Jackson to 25 mojo for the Nuggets. Joe, you got the Nuggets there. Harrison Barnes and then Christian Wood for the Lakers. I Scoot Henderson. That is a little Pulsar, one per box, I believe. We'll take it. Jordan, baby. Take a little Scoot. Little Scoot, little Scoot. Yao Meng for the Rockets to $1.49. Amon Thompson. KG. Keisang Wallace, Silver and then a John Collins. They kind of look like hypers. The reason why you can tell the Pulsars are in a way is they like... I don't know how to explain it, but I'll show you the difference right now in a hyper. So here's a hyper, actually. Hypers actually don't have like little dots, right? Whereas the Pulsars, I don't know if you can see the difference. Maybe you can't really see it, but in person you can definitely see it. There's like little dots, basically, all around it. Well, hypers don't really have the dots, but probably easier to see than in person. Giannis Antitocompo to $1.99. Hakes. But they're very similar, though. Pulsar. They're doing great in time, honestly. Honestly, I like the way the Pulsars look. A lot of people used to say that hypers were more rare than Silvers, but they're both pretty rare, I think, anyways. Because not many of them pop out.  You get the right rookie. Well, that's the thing, Rex. I don't know. Do people want me to break it? I mean, I'm sure some people would love for me to break it because I've been great to them. But I also feel like there's probably some people that are like, yeah, let's have Joe break it. Jason has been horrible for me. But I would just like to break it because it's so close. You know? If it was out of reach, I mean, I wouldn't be pushing it as much. We are going to have a little team meeting right now at 3 o'clock, two guys, actually. Trying to have those frequently, once every two, three weeks. So I think it would be nice to get that done before because when Joe gets here at 3, he's just going to say, quick team meeting and be back in like 20, 30 minutes. So realistically, you won't even be able to break that flag over an hour. So if you were to sell it out right now and I get done with this, it's like a 10 minute break. I do it and we go to our team meeting and then we guys can pre-order more 5 star. I'm sure we'll post up stuff like that. You know what I mean? I mean, we kind of do that on Fanatics Live because we do tag team over there. But that's something we can do here too. Alright guys, well we have seen some nice stuff in this half. I just feel like we want to see a little better. Do I see gold there? I hope I see gold. I hope I see gold. I think I do. See, we can end it off stronger, guys. Okay, some Jordan Walsh. Also, we are owed like two autographs still. Extra. I feel like so. We'll see if it's in this last box. Mike Miles Jr. I think we do, I think it's a fireworks gold. Brandon Miller. I'll give you one of these gold. Shea Kaleidoscope. Woo! Of course I pulled my man right here. He should be the MVP. Shea Gilgis Alexander fireworks gold. 10 out of 10. SGA, baby. I'm hoping to have a great second half from him. Oh, John and Obi. No, they're about the same, Mike. They're pretty much the same. Two backwards cards. The first one is for the Suns, Devin Booker. And then the second one is Vince Carter for the Raptors. Nice pods. Silver. Jerry Swalker, AJ Griffin. Ooh, nice one here, though. Chris Murray for the Blazers. Mike Parallel. Blazers. Jordan. Keonte George. Jordan Poole for the Wizards. Alright, looks like we're going to be able to autographs, unfortunately. Scoop. Lamello. And then Chris Livingston for the Bucks. But this second half was definitely much better than the first half. Alrighty, guys. Well, like I said, this half was much nicer. We've got fireworks, SGA, Chris Murray. We've got that Scoop. We've got one Victor, one Minyama, though. A couple Spurs autographs. That Ben Wallace Snake scene was nice. Clyde Drexler, Eamon Thompson, Brandon Miller color. Of course, the biggest one I think is the sword Thompson blue. Alright, Jaylen Pickett. Rice again. Brandon Miller, Silver. A case on Wallace. And then a Hyman Hakez right there, too, as well. So pretty nice there, guys. Again, I think every case is going to be a lot different. And I do feel that too, Rick, for it's going to be a roller coaster. Like I said, we do have more. If you're interested in grabbing some more, eight and nine left in PYT3 and four. And then, like I said, number two, we just finished that. Like I said, if you guys want to do one more break in before we take a little team meeting and team break, that five start is down to five. So we can get that knocked out right now in the next, like, five minutes, guys. I can do it for you guys. And then most likely I'm going to have a team meeting for like 15, 20 minutes at least. Maybe 30. So I appreciate you guys. Thank you.