More and more people seemingly have gut issues, problems with their digestion, and it's no coincidence that correlates to the increased amount of oxidative stress in our environment, from electric and magnetic fields to agrochemicals in our food supply. It's pretty easy to understand the point you need to get to, that you want to get to. That person that can eat anything has clear skin, high energy, and looks perfect. But what does that healthy person, without gut issues, constitute? Two things really, a functioning organ system and a healthy microbiome. Once you break that down into each individual organ function and the specific bacterial profile, you'll understand what it takes to fix that problem. As with many things in life, much easier said than done, but there is a fairly consistent protocol and way to go about addressing gut issues. And keep in mind, the majority of people will fix their gut issues by simply following a healthier diet. Note that the severity of said gut issues will vary greatly from person to person, but again, a large percentage of people will fix their gut issues by just removing processed foods, eating more whole foods, going organic to remove those chemicals, incorporating more animal foods for nutrient density. Before we jump in here, if you guys want a more in-depth explanation of antimicrobial protocols, digestive enzymes, stuff like that, I will have some videos on my Patreon where I reveal some of my health secrets to you guys, so you can check that out down in the description below. But we have three things to keep in mind here. The overarching one is to address the underlying issue. Figure out what is causing your gut problem, whatever it is, and then there are several other things that can be done in the meantime to help address that issue. The second two essentially involve a reset of your gut microbiome.  The idea is that your gut bacteria was imbalanced, so we can wipe it out and then reintroduce the proper ratios of that hypothetically healthy person. Now each of these components is not so simple. Figuring out what the root cause of the gut issues are is the main difficulty. There's a plethora of things that can work together to impair organ function, cause leaky gut, create an environment where SIBO and Candida thrive, so just to explain these things briefly, impaired organ function means your liver, pancreas, intestines aren't producing the proper digestive enzymes, stomach acidity, gut motility isn't optimal, the food is getting stuck. All of these combined usually mean SIBO and Candida. SIBO stands for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, where your small intestine has more bacteria than it's supposed to and that bacteria is eating the food right as it exits your stomach instead of your body absorbing it. Candida is a yeast in our guts naturally occurring that grows out of proportion when left unchecked, referred to as a fungal infection, SIFO being small intestinal fungal overgrowth. Mild symptoms from these three things might be diarrhea, burping after meals, slight indigestion, fatigue, brain fog. If the overgrowth of bacteria or Candida gets severe, those symptoms can be very strong, you can get insomnia, heart palpitations, even psychotic mental states and anxiety and you might be eating 2-3-4 pounds of food per day and losing weight, you're just feeding the fungus and bacteria in your gut as opposed to your body. The most common cause of this is a high Wi-Fi environment as the radiation causes oxidative stress in your body and your organ systems but bacteria thrive in a high radiation environment so essentially your body is being damaged but the bacteria is having a party. You're not absorbing nutrients because your small intestine, your liver, your pancreas aren't functioning but since the bacteria is unaffected by the radiation it is still able to eat therefore it overgrows leading to malabsorption, not actually absorbing the nutrients you're eating which means your body isn't getting the vitamins, minerals, fatty acids it needs to repair cells and restore proper organ function. If bacteria and yeast are digesting all your food you aren't getting the nutrients. In addition to electric and magnetic fields impairing organ function, metal toxicity is very common. The main culprit being iron overload in the liver impairing liver function including digestion. You can also get aluminum, mercury, arsenic toxicity that all add oxidative stress really just a slew of toxic substances in our environment that damage us and point being our livers are greatly impaired therefore our digestion is greatly impaired. So let's say you realize that it was the high Wi-Fi environment maybe it gave you a fatty liver maybe that gave you iron overload so you start taking the steps to fix those problems reduce the Wi-Fi you know fast to remove the fatty liver donate blood to get rid of the excess iron if you don't address the underlying issue the gut issues will come back after doing various protocols and this may take a lot of experimenting using various vitamin supplements dietary changes reduction of negative lifestyle factors more exercise more sun certain blood work and hair mineral analysis can be helpful in identifying the issue but it's not always reliable and if you're watching this video I'm assuming your gut issues are somewhere near severe enough that you're considering some type of protocol to reset your gut bacteria I want to say upfront I'm going to be very general about this and if you guys want specific protocols you can reach out to me via email for consultation and hopefully in the future I will do some type of longer video course on healing your gut. This antimicrobial protocol is akin to taking antibiotics the purpose is similar except antibiotics generally overdo it they kill everything and you have unwanted side effects you also can't just take antibiotics over and over again you know it might take months to years to hopefully not years but it can take a year or two in some cases to fix your gut and realistically doing a round of antibiotics every time you get dysbiosis you know an imbalanced bacteria profile it's unrealistic you know you can't take antibiotics you know for until you fix your gut issues it's just not going to happen so do you have SIBO Lyme disease H pylori Candida some type of gut problem each of these specific bacteria is vulnerable to specific antimicrobials but there is a general consistent tactic you need to kill the bacteria obviously the bacteria is protected by a biofilm of mucus that needs to be disrupted it's like a shield of armor and then you need to prevent the bacteria from eating the food you're consuming those three solutions are the antimicrobials the caustic and bitter herbs and tinctures that will destroy any bacteria or fungus there's also certain types of fats and oils that do that two is the biofilm busters that breaks that protective mucus that the bacteria is shielding itself from so you know essentially if you took the caustic material without the biofilm busters you're not going to effectively remove all of the bacteria it might help initially but you want to clear it out and fix the problem number three is digestive enzymes and those have two purposes they do break down biofilms at least certain ones do as you know the biofilms are also proteins carbons and fats and you have digestive enzymes that break those specifically down but they also digest food which prevents the bacteria the fungus from eating the food a proper antimicrobial protocol will clear out most of the problems in a matter of days to a week if it doesn't you know the dosage isn't high enough but the whole antimicrobial protocol goes a bit longer than that to ensure things don't come back after you are able to clear out that bacteria which may also require dietary changes reduction of certain fats and carbs in your diet things that bacteria favor then you need to reintroduce the good bacteria otherwise the bed bacteria will just come back and overgrow that one day you eat too much I didn't mention parasites and there are antimicrobials specific to that and generally parasites occur in the later stages of gut issues if you notice parasites in your bowel movements especially after doing an antimicrobial protocol then you definitely want to get a stool test to confirm and there's other things that you want to take to remove parasites so the proper microbiome bacterial profile is difficult to understand because there are dozens of different types of bacteria each having dozens of different types of their own strains it's beyond complicated but thankfully whole food options are basically the naturally correct ratio high-quality raw grass that kefir and yogurt from a local farm tends to be the best option yogurt if you have SIBO or Candida kefir if you don't mainly because kefir is so much higher in bacteria that it can cause SIBO in itself so you're putting that good bacteria back in your guts you also need to feed it and bacteria feeds off of carbohydrates so you need to find a source of glucose fructose lactose or starch that sits well with your stomach and you don't want to necessarily overdo that which involves having the correct diet to prevent dysbiosis the bacterial overgrowth you know you could do all this stuff and then you decide to go have pizza and ice cream one day and you're back at square one and you got to do antimicrobial protocols reintroduce the healthy bacteria and this whole process can be done over and over and over again but you know if you address what's causing your problem you do the antimicrobial protocol correctly and then you introduce healthy bacteria hypothetically we don't have to go backwards sometimes people do respond poorly to dairy the kefir and the yogurt and it's just difficult because kefir and yogurt if made with the proper culture really do have the best bacterial profile for fixing your microbiome that's where I have to consult people on specific probiotics or specific non-dairy foods that can be used the brief overview you know figure out what's wrong address that address that address that you might have to do an antimicrobial protocol you might have to reintroduce healthy probiotic bacteria you know but some of you guys watching this might not have even altered your diet or attempted to improve your diet in the first place some things I didn't mention with gut issues like vitamin D getting some sun one thing that's very important is you know moving having that high gut motility not being sedentary I know there's a bunch of aspects to this that I definitely didn't go over and things like taking charcoal to prevent some aspects of this but I'll try to cover that in an in-depth gut course hopefully this gets you guys started and pointed in the right direction if what someone is suggesting to you isn't along the lines of this I suggest finding someone else and getting someone that understands all the aspects of fixing the gut so thank you guys for joining me today please drop a like you know share the video if you can you know I put a lot of time effort and work into these videos and honestly I have no artistic talent whatsoever it takes me so long to draw these things but hey Frankie Boy does it for you guys so you can support me through those measures down in the description below and I will see you guys for tomorrow's video


A very good evening aspirants welcome to the Hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankar Reyes Academy for the date 31st December 2021. Displayed here are the list of articles that we are going to discuss today. The first article here it is about the sudden downpour that happened yesterday in Chennai. So under this article discussion we are going to see the different types of precipitation, rainfall. Finally we are going to see the variation in climatical events because of the anthropogenic influences. The next article here is about the direct selling industry. So under this article discussion we are going to see what is direct selling and what is its status in India. And finally we are going to see the rules that has been recently notified by the government. The third article here it is about the postponement of Prime Minister's visit to UAE. So under this article discussion we are going to discuss about the significance of United Arab Emirates for India. Finally the last article it is about China's claim of Arunachal Pradesh. So under this article discussion we are going to see some map based information which will be useful for both problems and mains. So without any delay let's get into our discussion. Look at this front page article. This is with reference to the sudden downfall in Chennai which caused floods and left thousands of people stranded on the roads. So in this context we are going to learn about the types of precipitation and some basic details about thunderstorms and cloudbursts. But before that the syllabus relevant to the topic is given here for your reference. Please make a note of it. Okay now let's start our discussion. See first of all what is precipitation? It is defined as water in liquid or solid forms falling to the earth. It happens when continuous condensation in the body of air helps the water droplets or the ice crystals to grow in size and weight. So when this happens the air won't be able to hold them anymore. And as a result they start falling to the ground. What is falling here? The water droplets or the ice crystals they are falling to the ground. Under the force of gravity. Note that the form that precipitation takes is largely dependent upon the method of formation and the temperature during the formation. So based on that there are four common forms of precipitation. We'll see them one by one. The first one is drizzle or rainfall, snowfall, sleet and hail. We'll discuss each one of them in detail. Now the first form which is drizzle and rainfall. See drizzle it is a fairly uniform precipitation composed exclusively of fine drops of water with diameter less than 0.5 mm. Only when droplets of this size are widely spaced it is called as rain. Refer to the picture here you will get an understanding. So drizzle is nothing but fine drops of water with diameter less than 0.5 mm and rain happens when these droplets are widely spaced. Now coming to the second form. The second form is snowfall. When condensation takes place below the freezing point that is 0 degree Celsius the water vapor changes into tiny ice crystals. These tiny ice crystals grow in size and they form ice flakes which become big and heavy and start falling to the ground. This form of precipitation is called as snowfall and it is very common in Himalayan areas and mid and high latitude regions in winter. See here it is a picture of snowfall and dargling. Now the third form of precipitation. It is this sleet. Sleet is a frozen rain formed when rain before falling onto the earth passes through a cold layer of air and it freezes. So the result is the creation of solid particles of clear ice.  See refer to this picture here. It is a combination of rain and small ice balls. So how is it happening? It is formed when rain just before falling to the earth. It passes through a cold layer of air and it gets freeze.  And finally the fourth form is called hail. See hail is the precipitation of small balls or pieces of ice otherwise called as hail stones with diameters ranging from 5 to 50 mm. It falls either separately or agglomerated into irregular lumps. Hail stones are comprised of a series of alternating layers of transparent and translucent ice. You can see the picture of hail storms in India here. So with this final type we have finished discussing about the types of precipitation. What all we saw? We saw about drizzle and rainfall where the diameter is less than 0.5 mm. Rain happens when these droplets are widely spaced. The second category is snowfall. Snowfall occurs when condensation takes place below the freezing point. Here instead of water droplets ice flakes fall to the ground. The third type is sleet.  And we saw why it is happening like that because just before falling to the earth it passes through a cold layer and it freezes. That is why the combination. And finally the fourth form is hail. It is the precipitation of small balls of ice with diameters ranging from 5 to 50 mm. So having discussed the types of precipitation now we will see the types of rainfall in detail. We know that when a mass of moist air ascends to high altitudes it cools down to lower temperatures. In doing so it attains the dew point which leads to condensation and precipitation. See dew point here is nothing but the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor. So only after the air attains dew point it can condense and cause precipitation. So after attaining dew point the cooling of air occurs mainly when it rises. There are three important ways in which a mass of air can be forced to rise and each of these ways produces its own characteristic precipitation or rainfall. The three forms of precipitation are Convectional rainfall, Orographic rainfall or Cyclonic rainfall. Firstly let's see about Convectional rainfall. See excessive heating of earth's surface in the tropical region results in the vertical air currents. These currents lift the warm moist air to higher strata of atmosphere. When the temperature of such humid air starts falling below dew point continuously clouds are formed. So we already saw what is dew point. It is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor. So the humid air it is falling below the dew point continuously and as a result clouds are formed and these clouds cause heavy rainfall which is associated with lightning and thunder. This type of rainfall is called as Convectional rainfall. It is very common in equatorial region and there it is a daily phenomenon in the afternoon. Look at this diagram for better understanding of Convectional rainfall. See here because of the excessive heating the warm air is rising to the upper strata where it is falling below the dew point and condensation is happening. And as a result clouds are formed and when it is cooled further rain is occurring. These are called Convectional rains. Now moving on to the second form that is Orographic or Relief rainfall. Orographic rainfall is formed when air rises and cools because of a topographic barrier. Here the topographic barrier is nothing but a mountain or a plateau which causes the air to rise when their temperature fall below dew point clouds are formed as usual. These clouds cause widespread rain on the windward sides of the mountain range. Windward side is nothing but from where the air is rising and this type of rain is called as Orographic rainfall. However when these winds cross over the mountain range and descend along the leeward slopes they get warm and cause only little rainfall. So the region lying on the leeward side of the mountain receiving little rain is called as Rain Shadow area. A famous example of Orographic rainfall is Chirapunji on the southern margin of Kasi Hills in Mehalaya. Look at this picture here because of this topographic barrier the moist air is rising where it falls below the dew point and cloud is formed and when it is further cooled precipitation is occurring. And when this air mass moves to the leeward side that is to the descending side it loses its moisture and it causes only a little rainfall here. This whole phenomenon is called the Orographic rainfall. Finally the third form of rainfall is called as Cyclonic rainfall. It is produced where air currents converge and rise. In tropical regions where opposing air currents have comparable temperatures the lifting is more or less vertical and is usually accompanied by convection. There is nothing but the rising of air and where it falls below dew point and precipitation happens. So this convection activity frequently occurs along the fronts where the temperature of the air masses concerned are quite different. We will see them in detail. Mixing of air along the front also probably contributes to condensation and therefore to the frontal rainfall. When two large air masses of different densities and temperature meet the warmer moist air mass is lifted above the colder one. When this happens the rising warm air mass condenses to form clouds which can cause extensive downpour. Downpour is nothing but precipitation. This rainfall is associated with thunder and lightning. This type of rainfall is also called as frontal rainfall because it is associated with both warm and cold fronts. That is warm and cold air masses. It is generally steady and may persist for a whole day or even longer. Look at this picture here. It is the diagram of frontal rainfall. Two different air masses of different temperature are converging here. Warm air is rising above the cold air and it condenses forming clouds and rain. So with this we have finished seeing the types of rainfall. Now we will see about cloud burst and thunderstorms. What is a thunderstorm? See the rising temperatures produce strong upward rising winds. These winds carry water droplets upwards where they freeze and fall down again. This swift movement of the falling water droplets along with the rising air create lightning and thunder and that is why it is called as a thunderstorm. So it is nothing but the swift movement of falling water droplets along with rising air which creates lightning and thunder. Now we will see about cloud burst. See cloud burst is a sudden very heavy rainfall usually local in nature for a brief duration. That is a very short duration. Most cloud bursts occur in connection with thunderstorms. In these storms there are violent up pressures of air which at times prevent the condensing rain drops falling to the ground. So what is happening here? Violent up pressures of air they are preventing the condensing water droplets falling to the earth. So as a result a large amount of water accumulates at high levels and at a point when these upward currents are weakened the whole of this water falls at one time. Cloud bursts are especially common in mountainous areas. This is probably because the warm air currents of a thunderstorm tend to follow the upward slope of a mountain and the effects of the heavy rain are especially striking on mountain slopes because the falling water is concentrated in valleys and gullies. Mountain cloud bursts cause sudden and destructive floods. The intensity of the rainfall is severe here. Look at this figure of a cloud burst. Now we will see about some of the facts regarding the rainfall distribution and variability. See the average rainfall experienced in the Indian subcontinent annually is around 120 centimetre. But there is a high variation in rainfall within India. Particularly, northeast India receive high rainfall than the west and so on. See our Indian Meteorological Department i.e. IMD has carried out an analysis of observed monsoon rainfall variability and changes of the states and union territory at state and district levels. It is based on the observational data of recent 30 years i.e. from 1989 to 2018. Based on the available climate records, the report says that the surface air temperature over the Indian subcontinent has been raised by about 0.7 degree Celsius during 1901 to 2018 which is accompanied with an increase in atmospheric moisture content. The sea surface temperature in the tropical Indian Ocean have also increased by 1 degree Celsius during 1951 to 2015. There are clear signatures of human induced changes in climate have emerged over Indian region on the account of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and changes in land use and land cover. And these are the factors that have contributed to an increase in the climatic extremes. These complex interactions between the earth system components amidst the warming environment and the regional anthropogenic influences have therefore led to a rise in frequency of localized heavy rainfall events drought and flood occurrences. So what we can infer from this is because of the global warming and the regional anthropogenic influences there is a rise in frequency of localized heavy rainfall events. It also increased the intensity of tropical cyclones in the last few decades. Also recent studies by Indian scientists revealed that trends in sea level rise are estimated to be 1.3 mm per year along the Indian coasts during the last 40 to 50 years. So with this we have come to the end of our discussion. Let's have a quick recap. What all we saw in this discussion we saw the different types of precipitation. The first one is drizzle and rain which is composed of fine drops of water with diameter less than 0.5 mm and rain occurs when these droplets are widely spaced. The second type is snowfall. This happens when condensation takes place below the freezing point. Third type is sleet.  Why is it like that? Because just before falling to the earth surface the rain droplets they are passing through a cold layer of air and it gets freeze. And finally the fourth type is hail. It is the precipitation of small balls of ice otherwise called as hail stones with diameters ranging from 5 to 50 mm. And after that we saw about different types of rainfall. The first one is convectional rainfall where because of the excess of heating of the land mass the moist air rises to the upper strata of the atmosphere where it falls below the dew point and after further cooling the precipitation happens. The second type is orographic or relief rainfall. Here the air mass is raised because of the topographic barrier which is nothing but a mountain or a relief. So here two important points are there. One is the condensation mostly happens in the windward side. When the clouds move to the leeward side it loses its moisture and causes only little rainfall. And finally we saw about cyclonic rainfall. Here it involves two different air masses with different temperatures. Warm air rises above the cold air where it falls below the dew point and forms cloud and after further condensation downpour happens. It is mostly associated with thunder and lightning. And this type of rainfall is also called as frontal rainfall. And after that we saw about thunderstorm which is nothing but the swift movement of falling water droplets along with the rising air creating lightning and thunder. And we moved on to see about cloud burst. It is nothing but sudden downpour of accumulated water at high levels. Why the water is getting accumulated at high levels? We saw that the violent up pressures of air prevents the condensed droplets from falling to the ground. So because of that the accumulation happens and when these upward currents are weakened all of this water falls at one time. It is especially common in mountainous areas and the intensity of rainfall is severe here. And finally we saw about rainfall distribution and variability in Indian subcontinent and we saw that the reason for the rise in frequency of localized heavy rainfall events is global warming and regional anthropogenic influences. With these learnt points in mind let's move on to the next article discussion. Now look at this article. This news article talks about the recently notified consumer protection direct selling rules 2021. See this rules 2021 which is the consumer protection direct selling rules were notified by the government on December 28, 2021. And through this the government prohibited all direct selling entities such as Amway, Tupperware, Oriflame, Modicare from promoting permit schemes or money circulation schemes. Apart from this the rules also provided a mechanism for redressing consumer complaints. Players who engage in direct selling have been given 90 days to comply with the rules. So in this context we'll understand what is direct selling and we shall also see some of the important points mentioned in the article. But before that the syllabus relevant to the topic is given here, please go through it. First of all, what is direct selling? It is nothing but the selling of products directly to the consumers in a non-retail environment. Instead of the sales happening in a retail environment like a departmental store or supermarket here in direct selling sales occur at home, workplace, online or other non-store locations. So to put it in simple words instead of using a retail location goods or services are directly sold to consumers through direct sellers who function as individual agents of these direct selling companies. Now we shall see how big is this Indian direct selling industry. As per a report by Indian direct selling association it has said that Indian direct selling industry has grown about 28% in 2019-20 when compared to 2018-19. See I have given here in this image about IDSA which is Indian direct selling association. Please go through it. Now coming back to the report. As per the latest data available the Indian direct selling industry stood at around 167,762 million rupees in 2019-20 as compared to 1,30,800 million rupees in 2018-19. So from this we can say that the growth is 28%. The two big categories in the direct selling industry are wellness and nutraceuticals and cosmetics and personal care. Wellness and nutraceuticals accounted for 57% of the sales followed by cosmetics and personal care which contributed 22% to the sales. According to the IDSA data the number of active direct sellers in the country was around 5.7 million in the year 2018-19 and it climbed to over 7.4 million in the year 2019-20 with nearly equal numbers of male and female direct sellers. So far we saw about the data in the report. Now let us see to whom does the rule supply. See these rules apply on all models of direct selling and all goods and services bought and sold through direct selling. So it applies to all models and all goods and services that are bought and sold through direct selling. Even direct selling entities that are not based in India but sell goods or services to Indian customers must follow the newly notified rules. Now let us see why the rules have been notified now. See the consumers affairs ministry had issued direct selling guidelines 2016. They had issued it for preventing fraud and protecting consumer interest. But however these were not legally binding. With powers conferred by the introduction of Consumer Protection Act 2019 the ministry has now notified the consumer protection direct selling rules 2021. These rules are largely in line with the earlier guidelines with a few additional compliance requirements. Now let us see what does the rules actually say. Firstly every direct selling company operating in India must be registered in the country and it should have at least one physical location in the country as its registered office. The entities must make a self declaration that they are following the rules and are not involved in any Prameet or money circulation schemes. Now you will wonder what is this Prameet or money circulation scheme. We will see them. See rather than expanding earnings by selling genuine products and services a Prameet scheme promises investors rewards for bringing more investors into the organization. Let me explain as the name itself hints the scheme works like a Prameet. So in this scheme recruits make up the base of the Prameet and provide the funding or the so called returns in the form of new money outlays to the earlier investors or the recruits structured above them in the scheme. So it is nothing but it is a form of investment in which each paying participant recruits more participants who form the base of the Prameet and based on the returns from those participants who are on the base of the Prameet the money is given to the early participants using the money which is contributed by the participants in the base. So this Prameet scheme does not usually involve when the selling of the products rather it relies on the constant inflow of money from the additional investors. See the issue here is as the recruiting multiplies recruiting becomes quickly impossible and most members are unable to profit. This is the reason why Prameet schemes are unsustainable and often illegal. Now coming back to the rules see the direct selling entities are required to store sensitive personal data within India and take steps to ensure the protection of such data. So this is one of the rules moving on to the next rule further in order to provide a redressal mechanism for consumers the rules require direct selling firms to select one or more grievance redressal officers these officers are required to put up their details such as name, telephone number and email address on their website. The grievance redressal officer will need to acknowledge the receipt of any consumer complaint within 48 working hours and redress the complaint within a month. In case of delay they will need to inform in writing the reasons for delay. Each direct selling company would need to select a nodal person who will be in charge of ensuring that the acts obligations are followed. Moving on a direct selling business or a direct seller may not refuse to accept spurious goods or deficit services for written unrefined nor may they charge consumers an entry fee or a subscription fee. They also can't persuade consumers to buy something based on the promise that they can lower or recover the cost by recommending customers to direct sellers for similar purchases. So these are the rules provided under the direct selling rules 2021. See these rules also provide for monitoring to ensure compliance every state government will set up a mechanism to monitor or supervise the activities of direct sellers and direct selling entities. So this is the monitoring mechanism. We will see what is the response of the industry that is the direct selling industry. They say that the rules will bring much needed clarity for the sector which has been dealing with a lot of speculations and allegations particularly with regards to promotion of Prameet schemes. According to them that is the industry the rules give the business the needed and it also safeguards customers against Prameet and money laundering schemes. And finally they also help attract more foreign direct investment that is FDI. With this we have come to the end of our discussion. We will have a quick recap. What all we saw today? We saw about direct selling. It is nothing but selling of products directly to the consumers instead of selling in a retail environment that is departmental store or supermarket. We saw about the data in the report by Indian Direct Selling Association that is IDSA. And according to the report the Indian direct selling industry has grown about 28% in the year 2019-20 compared to the previous year which is 2018-19. And the rules it applies to all models of direct selling and all goods and services bought and sold through direct selling. It also extends to the entities which are not based in India but sell their goods or services to Indian consumers. And we saw some of the important provisions of the rules that is it should be registered in the country, it should have one physical location as it is registered office and it should store the sensitive personal data within India and it should have a retrosal mechanism for consumers and it should be addressed within a month. In case of delay it should be informed to the consumers in writing and finally we saw that the direct selling business may not refuse to accept the deficient services for return and refund. They also can't persuade consumers to buy something on the promise that they can lower or recover the cost. The rules also provide for a monitoring mechanism and finally we saw the significance of the rules that it gives the business the needed respect, it safeguards consumers against prominent money circulation schemes and it helps attract more FDI. With these key takeaway points let's move on to the next article discussion. See this article here it says that the Prime Minister Mr Narendra Modi's visit to Abhidhabi and Dubai next week has been postponed due to a sudden spike in Omicron cases. This visit is notable because India and the UAE were expected to announce a limited free trade agreement during this visit. So in this backdrop let us quickly brush through the significance of UAE that is the United Arab Emirates to India. See the first significance is investment. UAE is India's third largest trading partner after United States and China. It not only serves as a major trade partner but also as a valuable source of foreign direct investment. The UAE's investments have surpassed 9 billion dollar making it India's 10th largest source of FDI. Both government and business leaders see huge untapped potential in India and have a strong desire to invest in India. This will assist India in achieving or developing into a 5 trillion dollar economy far sooner. The second significance is advanced technology and knowledge economy. See because of its human capital, talent pool the UAE believes India to be the world's fastest growing market opportunity. And the UAE being a hub of cutting edge technologies is natural partners in the field of artificial intelligence. If they collaborate with India innovation will be stimulated, jobs will be created and the Indian economy as a whole will be benefited. Thirdly, space cooperation. Space is the next frontier for gaining power and achieving prosperity. Both UAE and India can collaborate and tap the potential in the sector. Fourthly, integration of Gulf Indian Ocean security. Because of its location UAE is considered as a key area in ensuring security of the region. So for all these reasons UAE is considered as a significant partner of India. So with this we have come to the end of a discussion let's see what all we discussed so far. We saw the significance of UAE in investment and we saw that India's third largest trading partner after US and China as UAE and UAE's investments have surpassed $10 billion making it India's 10th largest source of FDI. The second significance is advanced technology and knowledge economy. Under that we saw that UAE being rich in human capital sees India as a fast growing market opportunity. And thirdly we saw about space cooperation and finally we saw about the UAE's significance with regards to Gulf Indian Ocean security. So with these key takeaway points let's move on to the next article. Look at this article. This is with reference to China's attempt to name 15 places in Arunachal Pradesh. Indian Ministry of External Affairs reacted to this move by saying that Beijing does not alter the fact that Arunachal Pradesh is an integral part of India. In this context we'll see some of the important map based information about China. So under this article discussion we are going to see entirely about map based facts which can be used in your mains answer and also it'll be useful for you in your prilims. Okay now let's get into our discussion. See India it shares 3488 kilometers of border with China that runs along Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. You can see the boundary in this image. Line of axial control and MacMohan line are the demarcations that separates India and China. See when it comes to line of axial control it has not been fully approved by both the countries but India recognizes the MacMohan line while China does not recognize that. You can see in the map the disputed area between India and China. First in the western sector it is the Ladakh. Secondly in the eastern sector it is Arunachal Pradesh. See in the western sector China occupies 38000 square kilometer Indian territory that is Akshay Chin. It also takes climbs on Arunachal Pradesh. See this eastern sector it consists of two distinct segments separated by bouton in between. The first one Sikkim-Tibet border leads to the west and the Arunachal Pradesh-Tibet border along the disputed MacMohan line to the east of bouton. It was this expansionist policy that led to the reason clashes between PLA and the Indian army. It is not just with India. China has border disputes with 18 other countries. We will see some of the examples. See take the region of South China Sea. The east Asian countries, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Taiwan and China, they have disputes over the contentious South China Sea region for centuries. The two primary points of contention are the Spratly Islands and the Parasail Islands in the South China Sea. Note that the Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, the Philippines and Taiwan also have claims in South China Sea. The permanent court of arbitration PCA in the Hague has ruled against the climb of China. It is said that China's climbs of historical rights over the South China Sea has no legal basis. Coming back to Indian perspective, now we will see another important concept that is string of pearls. See it refers to a geopolitical theory to the network of Chinese intentions in Indian Ocean region. Precisely, it refers to the network of Chinese military and commercial facilities developed by China in countries falling on the Indian Ocean between the Chinese mainland and Port Sudan. According to this, China has the presence in Myanmar's Kyakpo Port and the Port of Chittagang in Bangladesh. It gives a station to be used in the heart of the Bay of Bengal which is a major concern for India. China also developed a port, Hambantota in Sri Lanka. The Gwadar port developed by China in Pakistan for the commercial purpose has also the intention of asserting its power in the Indian Ocean region. China also have a powerful presence on the African coast of Indian Ocean i.e. in Sudan and Kenya and it is now building a military base in Dijbauti. With these informations, we have come to the end of our discussion. You can use all of these information and maps in your mains answer and it will help you in prilims if a map based question is asked. So with these points in mind let's move on to the next part of our discussion. Here I have given some practice prilims questions. You try to solve them. I'll also solve them one by one. So the first question, Persian Gulf borders with which of the following countries? 1. Bahrain 2. Iran 3. United Arab Emirates 4. Iraq 5. Kuwait Which of the statements given about are correct? So see this map here from this we can safely say that the countries that surround the Persian Gulf are Bahrain Iran Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates. So from this we know that all the five countries given in this question borders with the Persian Gulf. So the correct option here is C, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Moving on to the next question China has borders with which of the following states or union territories? Ladakh Himachal Pradesh Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh Uttar Pradesh. So which of the following statements given about are correct? So see the map here from this it is easy to identify that the states and union territories which border with China are Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh Uttar Khan, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. So in this question in the fifth option it is given as Uttar Pradesh. So this one is wrong. So the correct option here is option C, 1, 2, 3 and 4 only. I have given two main questions here for your practice. Interested candidates, write it and post it in the comment section. I will evaluate them. If you have any queries post that also in the comment section and if you like the video, please like, share and comment and do subscribe to the Shankara Ayer's Academy's YouTube channel for further updates. Thank you.


Hi, my name is Adam Shomarik. I'm a Fedora contributor and also a software engineer in Red Hat. I'm mostly focusing on the Fedora modularity objective.  I was originally planning to do it for them, but I couldn't do that because some health issues, but anyway, I'm back I'm okay, and this is my talk, modularity 2, the rise, the fall and the happy future. So the problem we see with Linux distributions is that they are either moving too fast or too slow. And this is all about different people having different needs. So for example, developers usually want the latest features possible of their libraries and language tags and tools, while on the other hand, CIS admins don't want to have many breaking changes. They only want to install security updates on the system they manage, and they want their applications to keep running without breaking. And there are many different Linux distributions out there each targeting a different user group like Fedora, which is a relatively fast release. It releases every six months. And by releasing, I mean that every six months there is an opportunity to introduce new versions of software distribution. With the new release every six months, Fedora is great for developers. It might be a little too fast to use on a server, even though many people use Fedora on a server. But in general, Fedora is considered to be a fast moving release, and that's great for developers. But if you need stability for a longer period of time, there are slow release distributions such as CentOS, which releases every three years. And that's great for server. Again, I know people who use CentOS on a workstation doing most of their work in containers because some parts of the distro such as language stack can become old over time. But in general, CentOS is really stable and great for server. There are also some super fast distributions such as Arch Linux, which basically don't have releases. And that's referred to as a rolling release, which means new versions can be introduced at any time. So there are many distributions on different speeds, but it's always the whole thing being either fast or slow. So what we see here is that there is a need for different parts of the distributions to be moving at different speeds. It could be a longer maintained version of a database for Fedora server, or a newer language stack for CentOS. And there are many existing solutions to that problem such as Linux containers, which are virtual environments that contain your application, plus all the dependencies so it can run in the isolated environment basically on any Linux distribution. The tricky thing about containers is running them in production, because you need to make sure that you keep all the dependencies in the container up to date. So there are no security issues and so on. And that can be a lot of work. So containers are great for running applications, but maintaining them and building them can be a lot of work. Besides containers, there are also many other solutions out there, such as software collections, copper in Fedora, or you can even go to the upstream and build the versions yourself and maintain them yourself. But that's a lot of work too. So could we have a distribution that is fast and slow at the same time? Can we make it fast for developers and slow for CIS admins? And also, because this is an open source project that we care about our developers the same way we care about our users, can we make it simple for developers and packages to maintain the distribution? And I think the answer is yes, we can. And that's what we do in modularity. We have introduced a new concept called modules. But before we dive deep into it, let's talk about software delivery in Linux distributions. So it's mostly packages, many, many packages, and they represent tiny pieces of the distribution such as individual libraries, various runtimes, etc. But if we talk about application or the whole language tags, it's almost always multiple packages. Often there are package groups or meta packages that help you with installation of those bigger things, but that's not always the case. And that's where modules step in. Modules are kind of like package groups, but a little bit better. Compared to package groups, modules have three pretty important benefits. Modules are independent, they have multiple streams, and installation is use case driven. So let me go through each of these points. When I say independence, I'm talking mostly about the lifecycle. So for example, in Fedora, even though the distribution releases every six months, modules can live in Fedora even for years. And the same module can be built for all the releases like Fedora 28, Fedora 29, Fedora 30 in the future. They can even be built for Epo, which stands for extra packages for enterprise Linux. When I say multiple streams, I mean there are multiple flavors of each module, typically multiple major versions available. So for example, if I have a Node.js module, I can have streams like version eight, version six or version nine. And because these streams are independent from the release, I can have all these streams available to all the releases. And finally, when I say use case driven installation. So I can compare packages to package groups. If I have a package group, I always need to install the whole thing, but modules don't have to be installed like that. There are many different ways how to install the application or the language stack. You might be able to install it for a developer use case or for production use case. A database module can be installed as a client or as a server or both. It's always the same thing, but different set of packages. And we call it installation profiles. And because installation profiles are defined by use cases, that's why I talk about use case driven installation. So let's talk about how it works. If you want to build so many versions, how do we maintain that? We have something called stream expansion. And this is all about building one source into multiple binaries. In most cases, this will be used for building one source for multiple releases. So there is no duplication of maintenance for packages. But stream expansion goes beyond that. Let's have an example. On this picture, you can see two main sections, source code and binaries. In the source code, I have two federal releases, federal 28 and federal 29, two versions of a runtime. I named them runtime 36 and runtime 37, and two versions of an application. And if I want to build it, stream expansion builds all the combinations for me. So I end up with two versions of the runtime for each release and two versions of the application for each runtime. So as you can see, I got four different binaries from two sources. And when user wants to install it, they don't have to go and choose the binary themselves. We have client tooling that figures this out for them. The user only needs to see the two versions of the application. The right binary and the dependencies are chosen automatically by the client tooling. So that's stream expansion, making it hard for computers and simple for humans. And I hope that's not going to be remembered when AI takes over the world. Anyway, stream expansion is all about building one source into multiple binaries, but having it simple for users. And this takes me to another interesting thing, system profiles. When there are so many versions available, you probably don't want to choose the version for each component, right, for each module. That's why we have system profiles, which are sets of defaults that allow you to make choices only when you need to. So you can either say, I want the default or I want this specific stream or even I want this specific stream with this installation profile. And when you choose a specific stream, it's very important that system updates won't break it. One of the features of modularity is that conscious choice is required to change streams. So when you update your system or even upgrade the major version of the whole distribution, the streams you chose will stay on your system. And when you are ready for a new version, you can just change the stream by yourself. So let's have a recap. What are the benefits of modularity? The first step is that thanks to stream expansion, packages can maintain more content with less effort. And this goes very well together with the Federa CI objective, because if we have so many versions, we want someone or something to test that. And let's make robots do all the work so humans can improve the world. That takes me to the second step. Thanks to modules, distributions can move fast and slow at the same time. And this is all about choosing the right stream for your use case. For example, Federa keeps releasing every six months. But if you run Federa on a server, as many people do, you can say that this runtime keeps stable for longer. Or if you're a developer, you can choose even newer runtime and libraries if they are available. And everything is up to you. It's both fast and slow. So we've been doing this for quite a while. So let's have a very long and detailed history lesson. No, don't worry, I'll make it quick. Federa 26, the bolt-on server. Our first release, which was kind of important to us, we wanted to validate if it's interesting for potential users. And also we did a lot of user experience testing. And here are some interesting highlights from the UX testing. I have four questions in total here. The first is about the installation command. And even though users will be able to install packages as the same way as they could before, they will be also able to install modules. So we presented them with three different variants of this installation command. First was the package syntax, like dnf install httpd. The second was the package group syntax, like dnf install add httpd. And finally a new syntax, dnf module install httpd. And that was the most popular choice. In the comments, people say that they want to mix the syntax of installing modules and packages. And that makes perfect sense. So we decided that this would be the main syntax we will use. In other words, our installation profile is important to you. And yeah, people liked it. People like to choose the use case. We also asked them about the system profile, which is the set of defaults for your system. And people like that as well. But my personal favorite is this. How do you like that updates keep the stream you choose? And this is all about moving fast and slow at the same time. You can always have the distribution default, but if you choose the stream, it will stay with you technically forever, or at least for the time it is maintained. So thanks to all of this feedback we have collected, it looks like it's a good idea to continue our work. And that's great. All right, another release was Federa 27, the modular server edition. Or should I say, wasn't Federa 27? Well, we kind of haven't shipped this one. And let's get straight to the point. Revolution is sometimes best achieved through change, that by setting things on fire. And yeah, there are three main things we have learned. Lesson one. Everything as a module is hard for the low level pieces. So in the beginning we were trying to build the whole distribution out of modules, which was great for the application and for the language stacks, but it was kind of hard to do it for the lower level pieces. So we had to change something with that. Lesson two. Changes are better done incrementally. So if everything is a module, in order to transform the distribution from a traditional approach to the modular one, all the changes would need to happen at the same time. So we basically required everyone to add up the new workflows at the same time. And that caused a lot of fire all over the place. Lesson three. Optional gives people time to adapt. That goes back to the previous point. If everything is a module, then, well, everything is a module and not everyone was happy about that. So three lessons learned. Let's have a look at what we did in Federa 28. We call it the application stream repository. And this is how it looks like. We have kept the releases of Federa as they are. So we can see Federa 28 and Federa 29 here. And all the content is still available there as standard packages. So we call it Federa 28 base and Federa 29 base. What's new here is this new application stream repository, which is sometimes referred to as a Federa upstream. And it contains all the modules with all the additional versions that we shipped with Federa. So I have no GS6, no GS8, no GS10 in this example, etc. And what's great about this change is that everything is optional for both packages and users. So that allows us to make the change incrementally and have people adopt this as they want to. So what's next for you? You can learn more. We are building new documentation website. If you go to this URL docs.bagger.org slash modularity, you can see the landing page and links to the new documentation. You can experiment. Federa 28 is coming. But if you can't wait and want to try it now, you can pull this Docker image and it has Federa 28 and the application stream repository in it so you can try the DNF commands. And please get in touch. Are you a developer? As is admin. Here you Federa package. Do you like modularity? Are you missing a feature you would like to help with? Talk to us. We have an IRC channel. It's called bound Federa dash modularity. It's a free note and we are there basically all the time because we have people in multiple time zones. And also you can follow me on Twitter. It's at AD Sama Lake. I post modularity updates at the time and you can also ask me questions and I will point you to the right places. So yeah, that's modularity. Making great distributions fast and slow at the same time. Thanks for watching.


Family Theatre presents Joan Evans, Jack Bailey, and Scotty Beckett. Mutual Network and Cooperation with Family Theatre presents Special Delivery Shows, starring Joan Evans and Scotty Beckett. To introduce the drama, here is your host, Jack Bailey. Thank you, Tony LaFranca. Family Theatre's only purpose is to bring to everyone's attention a practice that must become an important part of our lives if we are to win peace for ourselves, peace for our families, and peace for the world. Family Theatre urges you to pray. Pray together as a family. And now to our drama, Special Delivery Shows, starring Scotty Beckett as Clifford Shultz and Joan Evans as Nancy. Good morning, Mrs. Rogers. Yes, ma'am. Let's see. Here we are. Now, two letters and... Oh, thank you, Clifford. And I think there's a magazine here for you, too. Yeah, this looks like... No. No, that this is... It's been forwarded from Chicago to Miss Nancy Sloan. Sloan? Oh, that's the family that just bought the Williams Place across the street. Very nice people. They owe four and a half cents postage on the magazine. Young Miss Nancy Sloan is especially nice and quite attractive, too, Clifford.  Oh, Clifford Shultz, that's nonsense. You're not going to mope your young life away just because of one unhappy experience, are you? I'm not moping. I'm just getting readjusted to civilian life. You forget that only six months ago I was a yeoman second class in the Navy. And a real old salt, too. You wrote, Elizabeth, you spent the whole time sorting mail at the Great Lakes Training Station. If it's all the same to you, Mrs. Rogers, I'd rather that we didn't bring your niece's name into this conversation. Tell the truth, Clifford. When you got back to Clinton Falls and found Elizabeth had been going around with Hartley Johnson while you were away, which hurt the most? Your heart or your pride? Well, neither. It just taught me a lesson, that's all. Well, since one girl was flighty, all the others must be, huh? No. No, I wouldn't go that far. I'd say you had. I happen to know you haven't had a single date since you've been back. Well, I've been busy. Sammy Henderson and I have been working nights in my dad's garage. You know, we're building a rowboat. Well, I'll take your word if you say it's boat building that's kept you busy, Clifford. But Elizabeth doesn't think so. And neither do her friends. They say you're mooning over her. Mooning? Mooning. Me? You. Over her? Yes, and if I were you, I'd do something about it. Like what?  And being a mailman, you have every reason to go across the street and ring Miss Nancy Sloan's doorbell. Who? Nancy Sloan, the new girl I told you about, whose family just moved into the Williams Place. Well, why should I ring her doorbell? Because you want to collect the four and a half sense postage that's due on that magazine that's addressed to her. Oh? And get acquainted before the competition moves in. Oh, no. No, no thanks. You've got to start rebuilding your reputation somewhere, Clifford. So you march across the street, ring the Sloan's front doorbell and introduce yourself to Nancy. You know, the postal service discourages this sort of thing, Mrs. Rogers. Clifford, you don't have to tell me how discouraging the postal service is. I'm a taxpayer. Now go to it. Good morning. What can I do for you? Well, you must be Mr. Sloan. I am if Mrs. Sloan's any judge. What's on your mind? Well, I'm your mailman. I had that.  Now, what can I do for you? Well, you see, I'm Clifford Shultz. And I have some mail for you. Well, it all ties in very neatly. A mailman delivering mail. Yes, sir. And that's why I rang the doorbell. Shultz, are you new on this job? Oh, no, sir. No, sir. I have been delivering on this route for over six months, ever since I got out of the Navy. The Navy? Yes, sir. You didn't happen to be aboard the battleship Missouri when it ran aground two years ago, did you? Why? No, sir. Why? Just a thought. Now, look, Shultz, it may have escaped you in your work, but most homes in this community, and mine is no exception, come equipped with a small, rectangular container generally affixed to the outer wall of the building, usually in the vicinity of the front door. They do? They do. These containers are known throughout the land as mail boxes. Mail boxes? You see, we have one here. Oh, mail boxes. I didn't know that's what you meant. I know about mail boxes. Oh, you're coming along nicely, Shultz. Now, the function of a mailbox. Oh, I know. I know, Mr. Sloan. That's where I usually put the mail anyhow. The only reason I rang the bell this morning is on account of this magazine. I see. The magazine wouldn't fit in the mailbox, and that confused you. Oh, no, sir. No, sir. There's postage due on this magazine, and I'm supposed to collect it. And that's why I rang the bell. You see, I couldn't very well collect the overdue postage without ringing the bell now, could I? No. No, Shultz, I guess. I guess you couldn't. How much do we owe? Exactly four and a half cents. It's really your daughter, Ms. Nancy Sloan, who owes it, because the magazine's addressed to her. But, well, it's all right if you pay for it. It usually is. Exactly four and a half cents, eh? Well, a nickel will do.  Can you break a half a dollar? Oh, gosh, Mr. Sloan, I'm sorry, but I never carry money with me. Really? Never? Well, not when I'm on the job, that is. Oh, I thought perhaps your parents had forbidden it. Just a minute, Shultz. I'll see if my daughter has any change. Well, if it's too much trouble, I can stop by tomorrow, Mr. Sloan. No, no, I just to soon get this over with right now. Daddy, who's that you're talking to at the front door?  You got a nickel? Who? He's supposed to be our mailman. We owe him four and a half cents postage. Mailman? You mean that cute one with the thick hair? And the head to match. Go give him a nickel and tell him I'm having one of my leprosy attacks. I will not, you old bear. You'll be sorry. Hello. Hello. I'm Nancy Sloan. That's all right. I mean. Well, I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. It was worth it. I mean for the nickel. Well, that's what I mean, Ms. Sloan. My friends call me Nancy. Well, my friends call me Clifford. Well. Gee, look at the moon, Nancy. It's almost gone. I had a marvelous time tonight, Clifford. Yeah, me too. Clifford? Why did you pick me as the first girl to go out with since you came back to Clinton Falls?   Oh? Yes, a girl. Oh? By the name of Elizabeth Carter. Oh. She was very surprised to find you'd asked me to go to the movies with you tonight. Hell, I'll bet she was. Nancy, I don't know if she mentioned it or not, but Elizabeth and I. She, uh, she mentioned it. I kind of thought she would. But don't misunderstand. You see, that's all over with. Washed up, finished, really. Nancy, I wouldn't help Elizabeth Carter out of a burning building if she had my life savings in her overcoat. You don't have to shout. She's deceitful, untrustworthy, and no matter what she tells you, believe just the opposite. Well, Clifford, just what is it Elizabeth Carter did to get you so down on her? She's a faithless Jezebel. A what? While I was far away serving my country, she was out night after night roller skating with Hartley Johnson. Why the hussy? It's nothing to joke about, writing me letters behind my back and laughing up her sleeve at the same time. Well, well, here we are at my house. It sure has been fun, Nancy. Even Elizabeth Carter doesn't seem so bad when I'm talking about her with you. Why, Clifford, what a sweet thing to say. Yeah, isn't it? Nancy, is that you? Oh my gosh, it's your old man. Yes, daddy. Now, I was just leaving, Mr. Sloan. Do it now, Schultz. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Thanks again for a lovely evening, Clifford. Well, how about tomorrow night, Nancy? They're having a dance over at the community house. Will you go with me? Oh, I'd love to. Good night, Schultz. Yes, sir, Mr. Sloan. Remember, the mail must get through. Yes, sir. Good night, Clifford. Good night. Beautiful morning, huh? Maybe for some. What's the matter? My feet. It's getting so they start to hurt even before I start out in the morning. Hey, push that bundle of letters down to me, will you? Here. I thought we were going to work on the rowboat last night. Well, I kind of got tied up. Did you do any work on it? I started to. You know how we had it upside down on those wooden horses? Yeah. Well, I crawled underneath it to see if the cross ribs had stayed glued in tight. And the blame thing fell down on top of me. Oh my gosh, were you hurt? Worse. I was trapped underneath it for almost an hour. Well, how did you get out? Your father came out to the garage to get something and heard me snoring. Snoring? Yeah. It was so dark and quiet under there, I fell asleep. Holy smoke. If it's all the same with you, Cliff, I'll work on the oars tonight. Well, gosh, Sam, I'm afraid I won't be able to work on the boat tonight either. How come? Well, I, well, if you must know, I've got a date. A date? You mean with a girl? Of course with a girl. I thought you were off girls. Well, I was, but, ah, this girl's different. Yeah? Completely, entirely different from any other girl I've ever met. What's she got? A long, bushy tail? No. I mean, her attitude's different. She looks you're right in the eye. Everything she tells you is straight from the shoulder. Ah, nothing coy or arch or tricky about her. Sounds like a description of J. Edgar Hoover. Watch the use. You wouldn't understand. But take it from me, she's wonderful.  She wears boots, too? No. That's just a figure of speech. Ah, you know what I mean. What's her name? Nancy Sloan. You wouldn't know her. She's new in town. Sloan? Yeah, what about her? That's funny. I wonder if she's the same one all those letters are for. What letters? I've had them right here. Wait a second. Bunch of letters that got into my bundle by mistake yesterday. Most of them forwarded from Chicago. Chicago? Yeah. Oh, here they are. Almost half a dozen of them for Miss Nancy Sloan, 1384 Vine Street. That's her. Here, give them to me. I don't know how I got them. Maybe they got mixed up on the table here yesterday, but. Oh, no. What? Oh, it's impossible. I don't believe it. What's the matter? Look at what? These letters. Look who they're from. Sergeant R. N. Stanley, United States Marines. A service man. What's so exciting about a service man? I used to be one. Don't you see what it means? Nancy Sloan is two-timing this Marine just the way Elizabeth Carter two-timed me while I was in the Navy. Oh, and I thought she was different. Sammy, you've got to help me out. Like how? I invited her to the dance at the community house tonight.  No, no.  Elizabeth Carter? Oh, she won't go out with me. She thinks I'm a little worm. I'll fix it up. I'll get her aunt, Mrs. Rogers, to make the date for you. And where is all this supposed to lead? You'll see. Dangle me on a string, will she? I'll show her. Sorry I had to miss dinner.  What's on the agenda for tonight? Shoots? Uh-huh. But, Daddy, I wish you'd stop calling him Shoots. Can't you call him Clifford? I'll try, but I'm afraid he'll always be Shoots to me.  Yes, is it all right? Sure, it's all right. But I thought the last time we heard from Ruth, she was somewhere in South Carolina with the Air Force, training to be a tail gunner. Not with the Air Force, the Marines. She's a lady Marine. That's right, Marines. I remember. And she's not training to be a tail gunner. She's studying meteorology. She must be doing very well, too, because they've made her a sergeant. I got this whole batch of letters from her this morning. See? Sergeant R.N. Stanley. Yeah, it looks pretty official, doesn't it? How come she's out in this part of the country? Well, she's being transferred out near here for some training, and they gave her special travel time. Gee, I can't wait to see her. When's the big arrival? Any time the next day or so, I guess. She said she'd phone from the train station when she got in town. Ah, the Pony Express. Clifford Shoots up. Daddy, you let him in, will you? And be nice to him. Call him Clifford. He's, well, he's shy. He has every reason to be. Daddy. All right, all right. I'm just going upstairs for my hat. Now, be pleasant to him. Pleasant. Yes, yes, coming, coming. Well, good evening there, Clifford. Good evening, Mr. Sloan. Well, step inside, step inside. I'll, I'll just wait out here on the porch. Thank you. Nonsense, nonsense. Come on in, my boy, and Nancy will be right down. I'd rather not, if you don't mind. Shoots, I don't want any trouble with you. Oh, come on in. All right, all right, I'm in. More like it. You can let go of my collar now, Mr. Sloan. Oh, yes. Here, have a cigar, my boy. Thank you, but I don't smoke. Stick of gum? No, thank you. I don't use it. Doesn't smoke, chew, or carry money? What's on for this evening, a five mile hike? No, no, we're going to a dance over at the community house. Shoots, is something bothering you? Oh, no, no, no. If I've done anything or said anything, it upset you. No, no, no. Well, I bark a lot, Shoots, but I seldom bite. No, it's nothing you've done, Mr. Sloan. It's just that, well, a man can stand only so much abuse at the hands of a woman. I don't claim to know exactly what you're referring to, Shoots, but someday when you've been a husband and father as long as I have, you'll look back on that statement you just made and laugh yourself sick. Oh, oh, there's no hurry, Miss Sloan. Miss Sloan, why aren't we formal tonight, Mr. Shoots? Well, how do I look? Oh, all right, I guess. That's the stuff, son. Flattery, they can't resist it. Clifford, is anything wrong? Of course not. What could be wrong? What's that for? What's that what for? The whistling. Just whistling. You know the tune, of course. Well, yes, I think it's the Marine Hymn, isn't it? Oh, you think it's the Marine Hymn, eh? You think it's the Marine Hymn. Yes, I think it's the Marine Hymn. Well, for your information, it is the Marine Hymn. And I'm not surprised you recognized it. If this isn't the most sparkling conversation I ever listened to. Clifford, what's gotten into you? Mr. Sloan, I apologize. I didn't mean to raise my voice. I think we'd better go, Nance. I mean, Miss Sloan, Sammy's waiting outside in the car. Clifford, are you sure nothing's wrong? Oh, on the contrary, the situation, as they say in the Marines, is well in hand. Bye, Dad. I'll be home early. You know, for once, daughter, I believe you. Did I step on your foot again? Oh, it's all right, Sammy. It was my fault. I'm awful sorry. I guess I'm just not the ballroom titan. Why, Nancy, you're crying. No, Sammy, I'm not crying. I understand. I do understand. I know how it is when your feet hurt. It's not my feet that hurt. It's Clifford. He hasn't danced with me all night, not once. Yeah, I know. He's danced every dance with that Elizabeth Garter. Yeah, I know. And this is the last time I'm going to get talked into taking Elizabeth Garter to a dance. Talked into taking her? Yeah. No. What did I say? Who talked you into taking her? No one. Me. I talked me into taking her. Sammy Henderson, you tell me the truth. I do. Clifford had nothing to do with it. Clifford? That's who it was. No. So he could make up with her. Whatever gave you that idea? He's just been using me as bait to get Elizabeth back. No, no, Nancy, hey, where are you going? I'm going. I don't want to see him again as long as I live. Is she burning? Hey, Sammy. Sammy, what happened? Are you kidding? Can't you feel the shock waves? She took off and went home by herself. She did. Well, can you blame her? No, I guess not. Gee, maybe I was too tough on her, huh? I'll tell you one thing. It looked to me like most of that marine talk was going over her head.  She got the idea. Well, what now? Well, I don't know about you, but I'm going home. My feet are killing me. Walked right by you in the train station, Ruth.  Oh, we're allowed to wear civvies when we're off duty, Mr. Sloan. And since this is a brand new dress, I thought I'd show it off to the welcoming committee. Very pretty. Very pretty indeed. Sergeant? Mr. Sloan, you told me over the phone that Nancy wasn't feeling well this morning. Is that why she didn't drive down to the station with you? Yes, Ruth. It's mainly an emotional problem. Nancy and this Schultz, a new ex-boyfriend of hers, must have had some pretty harsh words last night. I gather that's what exed him. It had something to do with the United States Marines. United States Marines? Yes. Rather a coincidence, isn't it?  I can't wait to get the details of this story. Well, it won't be long now. That's our place up ahead on the right. The cute little house with the white fence? Oh, Mr. Sloan, it's a dream. We like it. Why, it's like something on a picture postcard. Well, even to the mailman going up the walk. The what? The mailman. Oh, my gosh, Schultz. Schultz? The boy Nancy had to fight with. He's also our mailman. I'm beginning to see if Nancy should come to the door. Well, Schultz is on the front porch. It looks as if the Marines aren't arriving a moment too soon. Well, there, Schultz, I'll take that mail. Good morning, Mr. Sloan. That's all you know about it.  Ruthie! Nancy! Boy, I'm so glad to see you. Schultz, I'm telling you for your own good. Clifford Schultz. Good morning.  I'm here on government business. Daddy? Daddy, hit him. Hit him. Shameless, deceitful, double dealing.  Daddy? What would you do to a man who invited your daughter to a dance and then deliberately, deliberately mind you spent the whole evening waltzing with another girl? Mr. Sloan, what would you do if you found that the girl you were going with, a girl you trusted and respected and thought highly of, was deliberately, deliberately mind you breaking the heart of another young American boy who is away in the service of his country? We'll not discuss Ms. Elizabeth Carter if you don't mind. I'm not discussing Ms. Elizabeth Carter if you don't mind. Well, then don't. I won't. All right. That's telling her Schultz. Mr. Sloan, I'm not talking to your daughter about Ms. Elizabeth Carter. I'm talking about her and Sergeant R. N. Stanley of the United States Marines. What about me? What about you? Nothing about you, young lady. I'm talking about Sergeant R. N. Stanley. And I am Sergeant Ruth N. Stanley. Of the United States Marines? Of the United States Marines. Go on. I'm a Lady Marine. There are hundreds of us. Where's your uniform? Right here in my suitcase. Here. Look. Oh. Oh. Oh, goodness gracious me. I've made a terrible mistake. Nancy. I'm not listening to any apologies. Oh, but you've got to. I- Anyone who could be as cruel and heartless as you were last night doesn't deserve. Oh, but that was because I thought you were being cruel and heartless. Me being cruel and heartless? Yes, you being cruel and heartless.  I thought he wanted to apologize. Well, maybe I did, and maybe I didn't. Oh, maybe you did, and maybe you didn't, huh? Yes, maybe I did. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. This ground's getting awfully familiar. You kids are both going to apologize eventually. Why not go ahead and get it over with? Why, Daddy, you sound as if you're in pain. Well, what's the matter, Mr. Sloan? The very idea that eventually we'll have a male man in the family. Oh, my feet are killing me. Again, some years ago during a summer vacation, I was driving through a Midwestern state. After several hours of driving, I began to feel kind of drowsy, so I pulled into a small town, parked, and started into a diner for a cup of coffee. There was an old man sitting on a fence next to this diner, and he was very busy carving a long wooden chain. It was a beautiful piece of whittling, and I stopped to compliment him. Ain't nothing to it, he said. All you need is a good hunk of woods and patience and a sharp knife, especially the knife. Dull knives, dull knives, no good. Well, I never got a merit badge for wood carving, so I agreed that he was probably right. Yeah, he said, it's a lot like people. People are like a knife. Well, that stopped me for a minute, but he went on. After you use a knife considerable, it gets kind of dull. Won't cut nothing. So what do you do? You get yourself a good oil stone before you know it, it's back in shape again. All ready to serve the purpose it was made for. The purpose it was made for. Well, that line stayed with me, and I began to see what he meant when he said, people are like knives. They've got a purpose. But often a man gets himself in the same condition as an old knife. You might say he's lost his edge and isn't serving the purpose he was made for. Lucky for man, though, that there's an oil stone handy. You see, prayer is man's oil stone. In other words, if you hone a knife every day, it'll always be sharp. Same with a man. If he sticks to saying his prayers every day, he'll always be sharp in the sense of being in shape to serve the purpose he was made for. Yes, sir, that old fellow's statement made sense to me. Daily prayer keeps a man in touch with his creator. The same, of course, applies to families. That's why Family Theatre brings you this program each week to remind you of the great good we can all derive from family prayer, and that the family that prays together stays together.  Family Theatre has brought you special delivery shows starring Joan Evans and Scotty Beckett. Jack Bailey was your host. Others in our cast were Mae Clark, Marilyn Maurice, Fred Shields, and Charles Smith. The script was written by John T. Kelly, with music composed and conducted by Harry Zimmerman, and was directed for Family Theatre by Joseph F. Mansfield. This series of Family Theatre broadcasts is made possible by the thousands of you who feel the need for this type of program, by the mutual network which has responded to this need, and by the hundreds of stars that stayed screen and radio who have given so unselfishly of their time and talent to appear on our Family Theatre stage.  This is Tony LaFranco expressing the wish of Family Theatre that the blessing of God may be upon you and your home, and inviting you to join us next week when Family Theatre will present Van Heflin, Audrey Totter, and Lloyd Nolan. Join us, won't you? It is broadcast throughout the world and originates in the Hollywood studios of the world's largest network. This is the Mutual Broadcasting System.