Hello and welcome everybody to what is the last webinar in our MHP and Emerging Minds online conference stream which we've been bringing to you over the last couple of weeks and tonight we're going to explore the impacts of adverse childhood experiences or ACEs as we might call them on parents. So welcome to the well over 300 of you who are currently logged in and to those of you who will be watching us through the podcast, welcome. This as I said is the conclusion of the online conference stream on trauma which Emerging Minds and MHPN have collaboratively produced and it's been a lot of fun joining with you over the last couple of weeks. So as I said tonight we're going to look at parents who experience adverse childhood experiences or what we might call ACEs. Before we start as usual Emerging Minds and MHPN would like to acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land across Australia upon which our webinar presenters and participants are located. We wish to pay respects to the elders past present and future for the memories, the traditions, the culture and hopes of Indigenous Australians. This webinar is a final activity in the trauma the impact of adverse childhood experiences context stream in MHPN's online conference, Working Better Together. So my name's Dan Miles and I'm the Workforce Development Manager at Emerging Minds and it's been a great privilege and pleasure to be joining you for a number of webinars throughout the year and we've had a lot of fun being able to bring those to you. So I'd like to present you with tonight's panel before we go any further. First off I'd like to introduce Courtney Sherman. Now Courtney is a social worker who currently is at Emerging Minds but has had much experience working with parents and children. So Courtney I wonder if you could start off telling us a little bit about how as a social worker you've worked in parent-sensitive ways for adults who have experienced ACEs while still maintaining a focus on working with them. Hi Dan and hi everyone that's listening. I suppose it can be quite tricky doing the question that you've just asked. Often when you're working with families with complex trauma and who have experienced ACEs you have a lot of multiple and sometimes competing demands. I think first off we really need to partner with the parents and make sure that they feel supported by us. One of the things that I've always done within my practice is make sure that child development and child well-being is discussed from the start. The earliest possible conversation we can have with the parents about their child's well-being is obviously going to be the best because when we need to start raising issues of concerns, risks or issues it's not as daunting or as threatening. We're able to offer support and it becomes a normal part of our interaction. The other thing is we know that some adult issues can dominate interactions and overtake the conversation when we're working with families. We're always trying to link it back to the impact on the child and their well-being. I think if we can do that it really starts to support families. Great. Thank you Courtney. I really look forward to talking with you more tonight. Our next panelist is Dr Mary Salver and many of you will know Mary through her research work but also Mary's work as a psychologist and Mary I wonder whether you could tell us a little bit about your breadth of experience including working with parents who have experienced ACEs and are involved with the statutory child protection system. Sure. Thanks Dan. I've been a researcher for over 10 years at the University of South Australia. In terms of child protection and in that time I've been involved in undertaking research and evaluations of child protection programs, policies and practices. My PhD research specifically examines the experiences of parents involved with statutory child protection involvement and specifically I wanted to understand what facilitated and inhibited parents involved, what helped them visit their children who had been removed because the child abuse and neglect and the factors that inhibited them from doing that. And the parents, the removal of their children and their placement in care resulted in identity trauma given the complete disturbance of their sense of self and contributed to the biasing that parents endured and I hope I'll be able to explain this a little bit more in my talk. But I was also co-chairperson of the Family Inclusion Network of South Australia and that was comprised of parents involved with statutory child protection. Some were able to navigate the system and have their children return, create the change and have their children return safely and some had their children in long-term care. There were also practitioners involved and staff, academics, practitioners from government and non-government agencies. But that grew aimed to support parents and families, participate equally and respectfully in the child protection process. Parents felt very tolerant. They didn't understand what was this child abuse and neglect because this was better than the environments that they had grown up in. So it was about them learning the new parentalised and the system and others wanted them to change to. So that particular group was about advocating for parents, what their rights were, supporting them with information and access to legal services. So supporting them with teaching them about attachment, teaching them about the system, what was the expectations of the system. So really walking them through the change that we wanted to see for themselves and their children. Thanks so much, Mary. Our final presenter tonight, some of you would have heard from our previous, some of our previous webinars, Professor Nick Calenco. And Nick, in psychiatry, tell us a little bit about what you're mindful of when working with parents who have experienced ACEs. Hello, Dan. Hello, everyone. Well, I think a lot of issues, which Mary touched upon, but there are probably a few crucial issues working with parents who have experienced ACEs. And that's often that there's an experience either of shame or concern. Well, I guess as Mary was alluding to that, I might have some distorted ideas about parenting and what's good for kids. But even with all of that, they're usually quite committed to wanting the best for their children. So that's kind of a platform on which, if they also suffer mental health problems, then also makes them really a lot more sensitive. But I think the issue Mary raised about that sense, the core sense to identity provided by parenting is always an avenue for talking to parents about the significance. And they invariably value it. They invariably keep it in front of their mind. But there's often a lot of barriers to talking about. So often I sort of start with questions about, you know, what got you through in the experience of the parenting you had when you were growing up? What gets your children through now? And you can, that often will get people at least to start off and going, and you get a sense of their strengths. And you can always ask about the kids, get them to tell you about the development of their children and make them, in a sense, the experts. So these are the kind of ice breakers, I think, to getting into issues about their experiences of parenting and potentially the impact of adverse child experiences that they also experience. Thanks so much for that, Nick. And definitely looking forward to hearing more of your presentation later on this evening. Thank you. Oh, I should just mention Dan. He's a professor that I made a spy to me. So I'm Dr. Nick Collick. Yes, we're good. Yeah, I'm not sure whether that's a promotion or not. We'll take it. Apologies. Yeah, yeah. Okay, so let's just think a little bit about the webinar platform that we have for you tonight. So we have Valeria and Josh on our chat box who are taking some questions. So this chat room is this gel chat amongst other health professionals in the audience. We will discuss resources that you might like to consume later in the webinar. If you do need some technical support, there's a technical support FAQs tab at the top of your screen. Now at the end of the night, we're going to ask you to fill out a feedback form. And by cleaning the feedback survey which is loaded under the survey tab at the bottom of the screen. So we'd really appreciate it if you could start to kind of help us get better at what we want to provide for you. So tonight we've got some learning outcomes. And so the webinar is pleasing. What we'd really want you to be able to do is better understand how the long-term effects of APE impact on adults and their pain and the therapeutic patients that help overcome these impacts. We want to be able to implement two strategies for adults and parents to make meaning of their APE and to ensure a practitioner focus in children's personal emotional well-being when working with parents who are being affected by APE. So what is an APE? So talking tonight will be a lot around our first childhood experience. What we're really meaning is a potentially stressful or traumatic event, experience during childhood, which can produce chronic or toxic stress in children that persist throughout the life course. They can have potentially profound impact on the latent development of chronic diseases, mental health issues, or problems of their children. So the most why they recognise and research APEs are childhood physical tests on the emotional, physical and emotional traits, exposure to family violence, parental substance abuse, parental illness, mental separation of divorce, and parental illness. Okay, so tonight our presenters will be guiding you through our case study. So you might not remember those of you who tuned in to our APE presentation on working with children. We worked with APE, who at the time was six years old and was now in care. For tonight's presentation, we want to go back three years. We want to be working with T's parents, birth parents, which is still in the household, and seeing what prevented his early intervention conversations that we might be able to have with T's parents, which he was three, and he's going to accept it. So now, I'm going to ask Courtney to talk about that from a social worker's perspective. Courtney. Okay, thanks, Stan. So I'm going to present, I've got three slides. And before I present the slides, I just want to make sure that these aren't meant to be in a fixed linear process. It's something that would consistently happen through a case plan intervention, but it's just the way it's set out for the webinar. So first off, my first slide is about engagement. And I don't think that we can stress this more. Our ability to engage with the family and be really respectful and empathetic during our engagement is something that we really need to concentrate on. Now, we know from practice wisdom, but we also know from evidence that families that come from history with child protection, out of home care, trauma, abuse, and neglect, they can be very untrusting of the service system. So we really need to be transparent and really actively listen. The other interesting complexity with this case is something that we really need to acknowledge is that these two parents were children of the child protective system until very recently, and now that's changed into now they're the parents. So that's something that I'd be quite conscious of and seeing what complexities can come from that, additional complexities. The other thing is to make sure that we meet the family where they're at. We can come in as social workers and professionals and have a thousand goals of where we want this family to be, but that's not where they want to be and they might not be ready for that change. So we need to really listen to what their hopes, their fears, and their aspirations to themselves but also their children are. And most importantly, we shouldn't be setting them up to fail. We know that families with trauma, ACEs, and a range of other issues need some additional support or so might not be functioning to the level that is expected, I suppose, of them. And now the next slide that we have that I have is assessment and I'm not talking about a diagnostic assessment here. I'm talking about trying to find as much information as we can about the family in a quieter, supportive, and therapeutic way. And I've put two things up on the screen now as one is the genogram and the other one is an eco-map. And these are something that I use in my practice all the time. I find that genograms can be a really therapeutic process and it can allow the client to have a visual representation of their family, where they've come from, where they are now and where they want to be. It's also an opportunity to allow clients to perhaps lift or shed some shame of and to see their family circumstances so they can see the intergenerational trauma. They can see ACEs and relationship disruptions and they might be able to see patterns where they want to really work on those areas so it's not the same for their child. Now, if I had the opportunity I would really get team involved with this. And when I do genocidal families, it's something that I really want to make fun so I really want to be able to kind of hop on the ground with them, get the pen out, get the text out and make it a really collaborative experience. So if I could get team involved in that that would be something that I would really be striving to do. If not, this would be a place to really ask some of those explorative questions about maybe perhaps the Justin of, what was it like with your mum before your stepfather came along? What are your hopes for tea? What was it like for you as a child? And this can be done in quite a trauma-informed way as you're not sitting across from the family with a notebook.  The other thing that I really use is e-comaps and I find this is really important and it can help the family kind of see what their social supports are, what they have in the community if they're in formal or formal support but it might also help them see that maybe they've only got friends that are involved in substance misuse. Do they have supportive friends or supportive families that they can draw on for parenting advice perhaps? The other thing is, what connection does tea have to the communities? We know that children that are connected to the community have a sense of stability but also what does she need to be able to... What would support her with her social and emotional well-being? So is she connected with her peer group? Does she go to a childcare? Does she go to a play group? I find that by having these drawn out it can really support families with that. And my last slide is some of the approaches that I would use. Now, these aren't the only approaches that I would use but these are definitely the ones that come to mind. So we have a family with high levels of trauma, high levels of ACEs, so being trauma-reinformed and being trauma-reinformed is something that I would do with all families, not just the ones that we know come from a trauma background. I also think it's really important that you don't actually need to know what the trauma is to work this way and it's not about going on a dig to find out because that can be quite triggering to families. What we also know is we've received a substantial bit of information in the referral with regards to their background but that might not be all. There could be some quiet... There could be things that the parents aren't telling us. There could be things that have happened but maybe they're too ashamed to talk about it so we always need to approach it with we don't know everything. The other approach is motivational interviewing. Now, this is something that I've primarily done where I'd use with Justin. I need to find out a little bit more about Janet's ID and what her functioning is so it might be to really kind of use the motivational interviewing with Justin as he has more of a reflective capacity and see if we can get Janet doing some more practical tasks of parenting. Now, the last one is child development and I've put chronological verse developmental age so we know when we have families that have had extensive amount of trauma their chronological age doesn't actually match their developmental age. I think this is really important as I would be surprised if T is developmentally three but I'd also be very surprised if the parents were developmentally 17 as we know that the history that they've had. So what approaches do we need to use as professionals to adapt our language and style to support the parents to understand what we're talking about but also to support them with their child and her development? Justin's mentioned a couple of things in the case study that he really enjoys having T around but doesn't enjoy the crime. So what does that mean? How can we get Justin to understand that perhaps T's crime is her only way of communicating because she doesn't have the language? So really focusing on what it means how children develop. Janet said that she really loves T so building on that. What else do children need to really support their development? Loves one but what else can we work with that? To really harvest in the strengths. That's my last slide for the moment so I'll hand it back to you Dan. Thanks so much Courtney and I have to say that is one of the most impressive genograms of the time. I think it's during the game of thrones which is very topical. I do like it detailed. Just to let people know that apparently we've had some feedback that we do we have had a couple of sound issues and we're endeavouring to get to the bottom of those so hopefully that improves really soon. Okay I'm now going to invite Dr Mary Silver on to talk us through the case study from the psychologist's perspective. Thanks Dan. So we know from research that adverse childhood experiences have lifelong impacts and consequences. So ultimately you see it on the screen it impacts on those who have experienced high risk of experiencing psychological disorders personality disorders, addictive disorders, social isolation, poor learning and employment outcomes and in addition they're more likely to develop heart disease, stroke, cancer diabetes and so on and more likely to die of suicide. Ultimately how one views themselves, how one manages their stress, how they manage their emotions, how one learns, how one reflects and how one interacts with others. These are the long-term impacts of adverse childhood experiences. So we know that the therapeutic alliance is vital so the approach of stance that I would take would be a compassionate, empathic and non-blaming one focused on establishing rapport and trust with Janet and Justin. So this means providing a safe place to listen actively to their stories being open with them in order to understand the world through their eyes. Both have experienced significant and cumulative traumas over their lives from abuse from Justin's stepdad to multiple placements for Janet since her own childhood. Because of what we know about the impact of ACEs I'm aware that Janet and Justin may view the world in a certain way, one that's uncertain and unpredictable. Perhaps negative and pessimistic that they may be guided and not as trusting. So I imagine Janet and Justin may be overwhelmed by confusing facts, current and potential problems and necessary decisions to be made. So by offering them assistance in deciding what issues to be faced first and problems that need solving now we can begin alleviating some of that distress. Work with Janet and Justin will aim to build their personal resources, their strengths, understanding their family ecology with the aim of building their autonomy and responsibility, motivating them that they have choices, that they can take control and they have the power to create change. I want to stress here that while parent worker engagement is critical, I need to highlight that engagement is necessary, but it is not enough for children's safety. Ultimately, if we think to change for T, there need to be changes in Janet and Justin's behaviour that acknowledge and meet T's needs as a three-year-old who is dependent on her parents for survival. T's safety is priority here and the current information we have about Janet and Justin suggests they're struggling to look after T. If we find that Janet's metamphetamine use is very frequent and severe and T's needs are not being met, support from a medical withdrawal service or even more optimal is a community residential treatment where Janet can be supported to get treatment with T, which can focus on repairing the bond between them and supporting their physical and mental health into personal and social skills and T's development. And supporting T's relationship with Dad Justin which means as Courtney alluded to before, unpacking what Justin means when he says he likes having T around but he doesn't have energy to put up with a constant crying. Does he have fears about being a dad?  Again, modelling, showing, demonstrating what conversations and interactions could look like with the three-year-old would be key. Talking about the routine she needs, that she copies and imitates, she engages and pretend play, she can follow simple instructions and she sees and is trying to make sense of the world. Cases like Justin and Janet's are complex and require an intensive long-term view of support involving a multi-D team. What I'd like to focus over the next few slides is on case conceptualisation of Justin and Janet's situation. So case conceptualisation is a way of organising the information gathered for developing the story that explains the underlying mechanism of Janet and Justin's presenting problems. The conceptualisation is collaborative, which means it is done with Janet and Justin and it's dynamic, which means it's that new information comes on hand, formulation is reviewed, added to and changed. So case formulation puts seven P's into context. What is Janet and Justin's presenting problem? What is the pattern and onset? What predisposed them to the problem? What precipitated or triggered the problem? What perpetuated the problem? What are the protective factors and what's the prognosis? I would acknowledge to Janet and Justin that they are the expert at their lives. They know what's going on and that my knowledge is about how problems start and how problems keep going. And together we can come to understand the problems and put to practice the different strategies to overcome them. Case conceptualisation is really important because it provides an overall picture of Janet and Justin's situation. It helps clarify questions that I might have. It helps prioritise issues and problems. It helps plan treatment and strategies. It can even predict responses to interventions and identify barriers to progress. So for Janet and Justin, the presenting problem here, maybe Janet's methamphetamine is Janet's methamphetamine use on parenting T and not meeting her developmental needs. I would seek to find how do Janet and Justin understand from their perspective what the problem is. I would seek to understand the pattern and onset of the problem. Did the drug taking start only recently after a crisis? The third point, predisposing factors are those that make Janet and Justin more likely to behave in a particular way and this would come from their histories and past experiences. The precipitating factors are about the events leading up to the crisis, which may come from different forces. Are there ways that the trajectory could be changed to prevent drug taking? In this case, many factors could be maintaining the problem. Finding out from Janet about the role or the function of methamphetamines, for example, is it to alleviate or escape the intense pain of abandonment, loss and rejection she has endured over the last 20 years. We may be able to learn about the hurtful and negative things that Janet tells herself, which influences the way she feels about herself and the behaviour she engages to numb that pain. Some of these, what I'm talking about, come from my PhD, so I'm hearing families. So where did Janet and Justin think we can begin to break that cycle that keep problems going? Important to mention here also is obtaining from Janet and Justin what their goals in our work together look like. Collaborately finding ways to know we're making progress and we're moving towards those goals. The protective factors are next and they aim to draw the strengths of Justin and Janet that offer against the challenges and also activating interpersonal resources, their social support. Have there been times where Janet was feeling well and coped without substances? What supported her then? And how do we build and implement those strategies again? And in terms of the prognosis, this will depend on the context where we are working from, where we may be obliged to indicate a probable outcome for Justin, Janet and the family. By using the case conceptualisation as the anchor with which to work with Janet and Justin, effective interventions can be used to directly target and respond to the complexity of their needs rather than that a way around, rather than fitting Janet and Justin to a particular parenting program or an approach. So one of the things I wanted to quickly speak about was the cognitive behavioural approach, so core components of CBT, comprised of psyched education. So I'd want to be increasing Janet and Justin's insight into their own trauma triggers symptoms, reactions, such as the dysregulated or survival coping strategies of substance abuse and depressive symptoms like helping Janet and Justin understand their minds and themselves. Cognitive restructuring is about supporting Janet and Justin, make sense of their unhelpful thoughts about themselves and begin developing and strengthening alternative narratives. Management of emotions, so that would be supporting them to adopt a range of health-remoting behaviours such as the importance of sleep, not too much and not too little. Eating nutrient-rich foods, exercising, physical activity, really developing their sense of self and agency and their connections with other people. And of course the problem-solving skills are really, really important. This is demonstrating steps to find solutions. So just maybe as simple as helping them complete necessary forms to access services, linking them and getting them food, those basic needs. Talking to Janet about contraception, so real issues that they're facing. And again, adaptive skills, adaptive coping skills and interpersonal skills are focused on developing positive, supportive and helpful strategies and relationships that present Justin and Janet's minds and bodies with positive inputs. And we want them to encourage them, motivate them to practice these new skills and strategies again and again. So that will be key in our work together. I just wanted to finally finish and just show you the findings of my PhD research and highlight the broad theme of fighting. So parents are interviewed parents, hearers and practitioners involved with statutory protection intervention. And there was this broad theme of fighting that had positive and negative dimensions and internal and external facets. Parents were ultimately fighting for and fighting against factors within themselves and things outside of themselves after statutory protection involvement and the removal of their children and as they navigated through the process. If as a society and a system, we can meaningfully engage and support families move from that top right green box where parents are fighting against the system and powerlessness to the purple top left box where they're fighting positive children so we support them reconstruct their parental identities so that they're ultimately better able to care for their children themselves and their families.  Thank you, Mary. That was really comprehensive and interesting and getting lots of questions in our tech room about case conceptualisation in particular. So thank you very much. I'd now like to hand over to Dr, definitely Dr, Nick Tarlenko to talk from our psychiatrist, you, Nick. Thank you very much, Dan. And thank you to my panellists and of course they've discussed a number of issues and so I'll kind of step around some of the things that they've covered well as we go through my slides. So as you know, we're sort of focusing in a sense on Justin and Janet and their experiences. So often we're, you know, we're thinking child first usually, but in this particular instance, we're thinking about the impact of ACEs on the two parents, Justin and Janet. And I'll just pick out a couple of kind of features of that. Just one of Justin's historical experiences is the abuse of the hand of his stepfather. And we also kind of note that he doesn't want to be much more than a part-time dad. So, you know, one thread of asking him about his experience of being parented might be about what was that experience like for him, but of course that might be a bit too confronting at first. That's what you've got to ask him about. When he experienced these, you know, adverse experiences such as abuse by a stepfather, what did mum do to help him out? Could mum be relied upon? How did mum respond? All those sorts of aspects. And then ultimately, we could get to some questions, but it would take many steps and some good curious questioning to get to this notion of does he think that impact on his sense of wanting to be a part-time dad for tea? So is he kind of trying to protect tea from the potential dangers or demons that continue in his own life or his own head regarding his experience of abuse and fathers being abusive towards their children? So that's kind of one area we want to go in. Janet's had a lot of parents, foster parents. Maybe she's had foster siblings who she might remain close to or not. So there's a whole lot of kind of parenting figures in Janet's life and that might present some challenges about who's been most reliable, who's been consistent. And we have, if we have a look there at some of the experiences that Janet's had, we could just see perhaps this one about, just can't see it, I'll just have to bring it up a bit in size here. These kind of range of questions that we've got there and we'll explore them a bit more now in my next slide. So as we mentioned, Justin has had this experience of abuse, had a mum react. Often this really, at least starts a conversation about saying most parents want the very best of their kids and sometimes they feel that things can get in the way of their parenting. What do you think is, you know, in that domain for you? And in a sense, he's made a commitment to being a part-time father. Let's imagine what would be the impact of full-time fathering on you, Justin. What would happen, do you think? He tells us he hasn't really got a clue. Oh, so that could have a bit more exploration about what sort of ideas has he got if he hasn't got clues and how would he go about trying to get some clues? Because we know that for early parents, especially in those first two or three years of our kids' lives, same for everyone, we get so many of the clues about parenting from fellow parents and our peers who try to parent their kids and that's often where we learn so much of it. Is that a possibility for Justin? So these are kind of opening up opportunities or possibilities in the way that Courtney's talked about, the kind of eco-map potential. He talks about the impact of crying. He doesn't like it. What is his response to crying? What happens when your baby cries? Does it make you feel frustrated? You know, so you can give some clues. I wonder if this hearing tie, having a hearing-tea cry makes you feel frustrated, makes you want to run, getting a sense of what it is that these experiences might be with that. Janet's had quite a story of kind of ruptured care and ruptured continuity in that care. We want to know a bit more about how this occurred and why, because I think in her story she tells us that there's a sense of blaming herself for that. None of those foster placements seem to work. That's often an experience that kids who have been in foster care report and it's a sign that they bring in a sense of failure of the unsuccessful foster care onto themselves. Whereas often we finally peel back the history of that. They've experienced serious adverse events in foster care that can also include abuse and other experiences. And sometimes that's the cause of frequent moves in foster care. So that's one bit that needs a bit of unpacking, because that might help Janet understand a bit more about the sense of foster care may not have been of the quality that she needed to experience more continuous quality kind of parenting in her own right. There's a strong sense about Janet wanting a sort of experience of love and what is it she's hoping for? Most of what we can bring, I think, to the table about parenting in children, talking about children, of course, what is the hope? Hi, folks, welcome back. And we've just had, as I would know, we've just had a slight technical hitch. Nick, I reckon we got to about the third of your slides before you cut out. What I might do is just encourage you to maybe go back to about your third slide and we might go from there. So apologies to our audience. Sorry about that, everybody. We just had some slight technical issues and we'll now ask Nick to continue his presentation. Thanks for hanging on in there. Hello, yes. Sorry about that, everyone. So I think we were talking about Janet. And why don't I just focus on other themes in the snippets of information we have about Janet. And that's a sense of the hope of love, the hope of tea. And what was it she was hoping for? So what was the kind of experience she was anticipating or expecting? Because we know her own experience is really a ruptured parenting with, you know, discontinuity and intermittent care. And some of that might be complicated by adverse experiences that she too has experienced in foster care or alternative care. Does she have contact with her foster siblings and foster parents? And I think Mary had talked about the importance of understanding Janet's triggers to drug use because it's intermittent. As I mentioned, Janet has this kind of theme about wanting to experience love. And how's that going with Justin and his support for her in parenting tea. And other of you have talked about these aspects about her. For tea herself, of course, preventing out-of-home care is a critical issue here. And I think both Mary and Courtney are focused on the importance of a consistent, intensive approach to that being implemented in this example. We don't know much about potential antinodal and ketamine exposure, and that could well have serious effects on tea's development. And we would be really keen to know about her psychosocial emotional development and particularly her language development, the context potentially of neglect. We don't really know the extent of neglect, so we'd not want to know something about that in terms of the size and the sense of the impact as an adverse child experiences for tea herself. With tea's difficulties, but we could kind of anticipate, parenting her is actually going to be more difficult, and that sometimes can help parents like Janet understand about the sort of demands in the sense increased skill in parenting. It can be a bridge to accepting more support, parenting support. And in fact, tea's experiences into consistent care and sort of relationship quality when Janet goes in and out of use will stress a tea, and she'll actually react more. So these are kind of the contributors that could complicate the difficulties in her being parented. I think this is kind of the language that Courtney introduced. It does take a village in terms of the eco-map and all those things. Safety and monitoring, as Mary emphasized, really is priority one. But what are the strengths too, which I guess Mary raised? And how, if he committed, or what gets in the way of his commitment here, is a kind of key issue. And we could talk with him a bit about what is the sense, how much closeness to tea does he want to manage? How do you think that works? What's the impact of that on Janet, et cetera? There are a group here of intergenerational aces, which I've just picked out some of them here. And you can see that you're already, without trying too hard for tea, there's at least six half a dozen aces, and once you're at that kind of level between four and six, the adverse impacts that Mary described so well can really have their impact. We don't know much, even generically, about what's the cause of Janet's developmental disability. We don't know about the impact of potential for illness. And certainly with parents with amphetamine use, we often see quite serious weight loss during pregnancy and things like that. But we know about the importance, in this particular instance right now, about the need for a persistent, reliable, intensive intervention. Mary raised this issue. Is it time for drug rehab? Some instances that can occur with under three-year-olds, and that's a real help, often for mums in terms of entering rehab and persisting with it is having their baby with them because it really does keep them embedded in rehab often. My experience in working with mums with mild-developed disability is that the power of imitation, of watching, and this might as often as home visiting nurses, working with them and working with their infants is the critical step where learning really occurs, especially in someone like Janet with her own experience and in her head, her own memories, her own recollections, her own experiences of good quality parenting might be very limited. And that probably increases the need for kind of imitating observed good parenting. As I mentioned, there might be some health risks and Mary also raised the issues of chronic illnesses in mums and the issues of how this might affect T's growth. So that's kind of... I've talked about it a bit about T T's impact and T's experience of parenting and the parenting capacity of both Justin and Janet in number of domains. We've talked about ACEs or ACEs in this wide variety of domains potentially impacting on T and intergenerationally going back generations. Courtney's genogram was fabulous and of course in particular settings sometimes we can do genograms that stretch back in original populations. So Judy Atkinson really championed the idea of chromograms where you go back in family history to delineating trauma and ACEs often through several generations and this might be one of those families in Janet's case in particular. And wanting the best for the baby might even include temporary kinship placement. So this might be a kind of avenue about collaboratively working in the best interest of the child which might help parents get back on track. So it's really about keeping all the options open and doing it in a collaborative and supportive way. Some of these kind of questions might be around these issues. What are your hopes for your baby's child? What are your hopes for how you best want to love her? And how do you imagine your baby loving you? What's got you through as a parent? Who could you rely on when you're a kid? So those kind of ways in to asking parents about those things. So thank you very much. I'm sorry about the glitch and of course we're really happy to take questions. Thanks so much, Nick. So one of the questions that we'd like to ask you about your excellent presentation was you talked there about Justin and the fact that he was abused by his own stepfather and you talked a little bit about the fact that that might have given him an idea of the protection and his own kind of ethical kind of considerations of the sort of dad and the sort of protective figure he'd like to be. Can you just say a bit more about that? Yeah. So we've got a bit of a story about Justin's, you know, wanting to be a part-time dad, not having a clue about how to be a dad, wanting Mary, wanting Jana to do a better job as a mum. So they're all kind of, in one sense, distancing from the serious task of being a committed parent. But the kind of issue to raise is you could be curious about that as someone interviewing the family because the curiosity would be about, well, God, I'm wondering if, you know, Justin, it looks like your experience of fathering wasn't that good. Is that right? I've understood that. So you're kind of always taking this position where you're inviting Justin to comment or have I got that wrong? I didn't quite understand that. And I just wondered if sometimes, you know, when children and dads are close, do you kind of have a worry that violence might break out or do you worry about their safety? So it's possible that a way of positively connoting what Justin is doing is that, in a sense, he's going to protect tea from his potential sudden outbursts of anger or violence and those sorts of things. It's not uncommon, you know, in couples where a drug use occurs that there's quite distorted thinking and sometimes violence. And violence sometimes goes with this pattern of particularly dads as part of their controlling kind of style, wanting mums to do much better with their kids. So there's kind of a lot of issues there and I guess we haven't talked specifically about whether this is a couple which might well experience domestic violence, but there's certainly some non-specific flags that suggest that's an area worth exploring. So coming back to your specific question, Dan, it's a kind of mix of is Janet safe, firstly, is tea safe in this environment and then secondly, is Justin holding himself back, holding himself from the full commitment of kind of being a dad, wanting to be a part-time dad, because in some way he feels that's a safer way for tea to grow up and develop. Thanks so much for that, Nick. Really interesting insights, so thank you. Courtney, lots of interest in your amazing genograms, but one really interesting question, when using genograms as part of your therapeutic process, can you tell us about the steps you might take with families where adversity and trauma are present so that you can ensure safety? Yeah, for sure. I know that some practitioners can shy away from the use of genograms, especially when we're working with families from child protection around home care backgrounds, because it can be quite triggering. I suppose it's very much about talking with the client, getting them to see the benefit and how it would work out. It's really kind of no surprises, so it's not about rocking up to the home visit that day and saying, oh, we're doing a genogram. It's about really floating the idea over a number of visits, of course gaining consent that they want to do this, explain to them the reasons why we want to do it, but also make it fun. I think when you are doing it, being very mindful of where the clients come from, the presentation is during the visit, but also if you're working with a family as large as the genogram example that I provided, you're going to have to do it over a couple of visits. It's not just going to be one visit. And just take it as a pace and let the family know that they can stop and start a park here for a little bit and continue when they need to. I've rarely had a family that said, no, I don't want to do this. It's always been like, okay, I'm going to give it a go. And normally once that they've got into it, it's actually a really good process. Thanks so much, Courtney. Next question's for you, Mary. So tonight we've talked about adverse childhood experiences, but we've also touched upon intergenerational trauma and developmental trauma. So can you tell us about how those three concepts might be similar? Yes, they are. I think it's just language depending on the discipline we come from. We refer to them differently depending on the discipline, but ultimately when a child is exposed to overwhelming stress and their caregiver is unable to reduce that stress or maybe contributing or causing that stress, the child experiences developmental trauma. So most clinicians are familiar with the term PTSD or post-traumatic stress disorder, but the vast majority of traumatised children will not develop PTSD. Instead there are a risk for a host of complex emotional, cognitive and physical illnesses that last throughout their lives. So some also refer to complex PTSD and this refers to a response of repeated prolonged, repeated experience of trauma and these adverse childhood experiences. So they're all the same thing. If I could just comment now, the big thing is the accumulation of the sort of adverse child experiences. So there are large numbers of kids who face one or two adverse child experiences and bounce back in a sense. It's when you get to more than four that some of the risks for the long-term crop up and once you're at six or more, then it really escalates very quickly the chance of adverse kind of outcomes in terms of learning, development, school functioning and the other risks that you talked about born in the long run such as the mental health problems and the physical problems. That's when they really kick in. Once you've got a stack, an accumulation of more than about six or more. Yeah. So Nick, when you're working with parents and thinking about their children's mental health, do you deliberately and explicitly talk about children's mental health with parents? I will talk very specifically about the importance of relationships and being close. I'll ask them about what do they think, the factors that support resilience in their kids and language like bounce back, what helps your kids bounce back. So that's often what I focus on. Your question about mental health is a really good one because if we look at tea in this particular case example, we know that, you know, that snippet, you know, roughly about a minute, the sort of snippet we had as the preparation for this. We hear, I think it's our foster parents talking about their concerns about teas, you know, wanting to approach strangers and hugging them and getting close to them, approaching people in the street and being very close and wanting to be part of them. It's highly likely that tea really has a significant problem with how she relates relating to her attachment really as a function potentially of neglect that she may have experienced. So that's not often considered a mental health problem but of course it can be. It can be a problem of disturbed attachment or distorted attachment. So that can sometimes help particularly foster parents or parents. It's part of what I was sort of introducing is this idea that should tea, you know, be already lagging in terms of her own development, then parenting is actually going to be a lot more difficult and that's partly what you're getting, I think, in that feedback from the foster parents. Parenting tea is a lot more difficult. She's much more subject to emotional kind of regulation up and down. She tells them she hates them. So you've got really strong emotions that she can't manage plus she's got this really fundamental problem about how she relates to people. In fact, in a sense she's so attention seeking that she'll hug people who are strangers and of course you can see how in the long run that's potentially a risk unless it can be a reverted because it puts her at risk of approaching people, strangers, incredibly warmly, almost intimately and potentially putting her at risk. So there are some mental health problems already emerging in this but it's always a kind of judgment call about how much you call the mental health problems because people often hear that as mental illness from which my kid will never recover but there are other common mental health problems, you know, like ADHD and all the others that arise that are in a sense much more readily accepted and discussed but regardless of whether you talk about mental illness or not, I think the issue is that you can identify the problems and talk about them and ways to address them. Thank you. I don't know if my panel members want to comment on that because Mary kind of touched upon that but didn't really explore it but certainly an example with T, she's a kid who looks like from a relational point of view and her capacity for relationships, she's already in trouble. Yeah, Mary, would you like to comment on that? I mean, supporting T with... I'm not familiar, sorry, with the other case study but certainly supporting T with her emotional regulation and keeping it in a safe environment and ensuring it's really, really critical and not seeing it as the behaviors of T but their symptoms of what she has experienced in her short life. Thank you, Mary. So we've also got a question from Anusha in the chat room which is a great question, really talking about how does a panelist manage parents' expression of shame when they are discussing their children's wellbeing and the fact that this might make them more reluctant to engage in conversations. Courtney, I wonder if you'd like to respond to that. I think it's a great question and I think that for me it's really about... Oh, I think there's a lot of ways that you can respond and no real words are kind of coming to my head but I think that when we're working with families with complex issues and trauma background, shame is a very normal emotion to have so kind of really supporting them through that and normalising it in a way that's not going to obviously impact on child safety is a really good approach but I think as professionals we really need to be able to have the skills to sit there in that uncomfortable space because if we're uncomfortable in that space the family is going to be uncomfortable so to kind of work through that together I'm not sure if I've 100% answered the question there, Dan. Dan, I think you're on mute. Thank you. Sorry about that. So I might now throw to you, Mary. Mary, what do you find important in terms of working with parents who might be feeling a sense of shame or who also might be feeling a reluctance or a resistance to engaging with you in therapy? Well, we know that parent worker engagement is crucial in supporting the change necessary for adults who have experienced adverse childhood experiences or developmental trauma. If there is that disengagement or resistance from parents or adults I would look at... I mean, this says more about our approaches and our style of interactions with those whom we are serving. So resistance happens when we expect or push for change when the parent may not be ready for that change and we would expect that this is normal because change is hard. Change is really difficult. When there's that resistance I would be open to exploring that those emotions, those really strong emotions with parents emphasise with them, develop discrepancy such as some of the behaviours don't mesh with the important goals. So you say that your children are really, really important but you're not able to put their needs first. How do we work with that? So change won't occur without a discrepancy. So highlighting for the parent where that gap may be and where they're at and where they want to be is really, really important. So that change talk, keeping them at that change talk. But first of all, again, remember these... Parents who have experienced adverse childhood experiences are working at that threat stress response. So it's impulsive, it's reactive. We're thinking... Action first and thinking comes later. We need to create a relationship with them, build that trust, understand that shame that this isn't what they wanted for their children and this was better than what they had when they were growing up themselves and that we can create that discrepancy support through that change. I think is really important. That's a really, really great answer to that question and to be thinking about the importance of engagement. So we're now moving towards the final stages of our webinar tonight, which has been really interesting and engaging and so I thank all of our panellists for their excellent presentations and answers to our questions. What I'm going to do now is hand over to each of our panellists just to sum up for a couple of minutes and to leave us with maybe a final observation. So Courtney, I might start with you if that's okay. Yeah, that's cool. I think to sum up what we've discussed here is really something that Nick was talking about. Is that ACEs are actually relatively common and yes, when we get into the pointy end of six or more we can start to see some real developmental concerns and later in life health concerns. But to always be mindful that when we're working with families and especially parents is that it's likely that they are going to have a number of ACEs and there's always be trauma informed and to always keep the children's well-being and safety in the forefront. We all work with highly complex families and sometimes I think complexity is becoming more and more. So really use some of the tools that we've discussed here to break down those cases and try and really don't ever underestimate the importance of engaging with a family. We know all about the therapeutic alliance and if you're not able to have those conversations with families really use your supervision space to really kind of see where you can kind of enhance your engagement skills. I think that's probably the most I have to say so I might hand it back over there. Thank you Courtney. Mary, I might hand over to you now. So I just wanted to finish off with talking about supporting parents through that therapeutic alliance about reconstructing their sense of self. So it's about learning, supporting them to learn in ways of seeing themselves, managing their stress differently, learning to regulate and manage their emotions. So this may be a range of activities to be able to do this. Keeping them relaxed and calm rather than angry and in that stress response. Teaching them to learn that asking for help doesn't mean that they're failing, that they're a community. We want to be able to activate their interpersonal resources, personal resources and community resources. So supporting them be able to reflect and also develop those healthy relationships with other people. And we can't create that change until we have an alliance and a relationship with them. Back to you Dan. Great. Thanks Mary. And Nick, I'll now ask you for a final comment and observations. Thanks Dan. Look, I think the panellists really highlighted the essence of the requirement for safety and security in a relationship. But there's two things you're often holding in balance. Partly spitting off the question about shame is that in the context of shame it usually means you've got to go slowly and carefully. You have to be collaboratively alongside parents as a way of establishing trust. And it's where this sort of curious approach to some extent that we've been talking about a lot in these series of seminars is really important because it's the not knowing bit and getting them to fill in the information and the space because that's where the shame might pop out. The shame drives avoidance. So a lot of these families that we see, avoid services like the plague, let alone if they've been badly treated by them, it's not sort of a case for people like in general situations. And that avoidance is what can only be addressed very slowly. But the tipping point, the balance point is what about tea? Tea can't actually wait a very long time for the kind of slow work to happen. But it has to happen because there's only way to manage the pair. And I guess the thing I want to just make the people who are very clear about is that teasing is a serious trouble and teas in trouble are quite a very serious relationship level. And the best bet is care by her parents and the support for her parents. But what's missing in the story is the extent of the intense engagement with parents to make them safe and secure enough to be tea's parents. So that's the kind of bit that's critical, I think. The only thing that I think Mary touched upon a bit earlier was the importance of peers. So then in one of the services I worked with kind of works across this kind of mental health, child protection, drug and alcohol interface, is that one of the things we work to do to engage parents is get them, the ones entering the sort of program, to meet with other parents in the family. Because this is another way of modulating the impact of shame. You've got peers who can tell you stories about how they got through it. Peers who can tell you as parents how they came from being behind the eight ball to getting on top of their game as parents. That's at least as influential, if not more influential, I think, than specific therapeutic work. Not to say that I think in the context we're looking at here, tea may well benefit from specific therapeutic work, but probably in the context of a family-based approach, or a dyad with mum, or a dyad with dad, or with a couple together. So therapy's not about sort of tea alone, it's about tea with her parents together. Once the kind of bigger issues about the structure and the framework for safety and security are well established, and trust is at the core of the relationship. Thank you once again to our panellists, Cornish Sherman, Dr. Mary Salveron, and Dr. Nick Kalilenko really appreciated your insights tonight. Okay, so that's moving towards the end of our webinar tonight. There are resources and further reading for you, so other supporting resources can be found in the Supporting Resources tab at the bottom of your screen. And of course, for more information about emerging minds, please visit our website at www.emergingminds.com.au. So thank you for participating tonight, again, we really love it if you could click the Feedback Survey at the bottom of your screen and be able to provide us with some feedback about your experience time. Certificates of attendance for this webinar will be issued as part of the MHPN's conference, and they'll be issued by the end of this month. Each participant will be sent a link to the recording of this webinar and associated online resources within about four weeks. So this webinar, as we've mentioned, is the final activity in the trauma, the impact of adverse childhood experiences content stream in the MHPN online webinar conference, Working Better Together. So a few words about the partnership between MHPN and Emerging Minds. This webinar was a co-production between those two partners. The National Workforce Centre for Child Mental Health is facilitated by Emerging Minds and delivered in partnership with the Australian Institute of Family Studies, the Australian National University for Parenting Research and the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. MHPN supports the engagement and the maintenance of a practitioner network so that clinicians from different disciplines meet regularly with other mental health practitioners, share tips and resources, and build referral pathways and engage in professional development activities. To learn more about joining your local practitioner network, please visit MHPN.org.au. And before I close, I'd just like to thank you all that the more than 500 of you that joined us tonight and just acknowledge the consumers and carers have lived with mental illness in the past and those who continue to live with mental illness in the present. Thank you to everyone for participating.


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All eyes are on today's crucial National Executive Committee meeting of the Opposition People's Democratic Party, where the party's crisis would either be laid to rest or the cracks for the widened to weaken it ahead of the 2023 General Elections. Matters in the party got heated when some members of the National Working Committee protested against the continued leadership of Yotua IU as National Chairman. The PDP has been embroiled in crisis over the IU-Moscow Co-Champion by Governor Yosem Wike of River State, the coal which had been based on allegations of the dominance of the North in top positions of the party, with the presidential candidates, National Chairman, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, and Chairman of the PDP's governors from all coming from the North.


Because Billy Billy is not my lover It's not the platform that I upload to And welcome to another episode of Fong Bro's Food Guys, today we are eating authentic Beijing food But you know what's special about this? Because we've covered Beijing food before We're not eating any Peking duck And anytime someone visits Beijing They have to get Peking duck Because that's what the Emperor ate That's what's considered Haiyan food That's what's very expensive too And guess what they would serve at the low tier Which would maybe be like a college cafeteria in Beijing Shandings This is like a common food for like regular people At home, at school, at work This is what they eat This is what keeps Beijing moving Yo, you say that? Let's go Oh yeah And by the way We got a special guest Person who studied in Beijing Who's from China Let's go Okay, we are here with a special guest Our favorite special guest Our Beijing Laogemer Yeah, our Beijing Jianmer, Lao Jianmer Jianmer? Oh, Jianmer, oh Oh, Jianmer for girl? For girl Right, Jianmer Oh, Jianmer I've never heard Jianmer I only heard Gemer But maybe it's because I only Know God That's my Jianmer You only have God Yo, this is Nasty Ray from Beijing I'm with my Lao Jianmer Yi Fan Alright, Yi Fan If you guys did not watch our Jian Bing video You are from Changsha originally But you studied for many, many years in Beijing And now you're here out in LA At USC At US I'm smart You're originally from the south Yeah But you lived for a long time in the north Yi Fan, before we did this video You told me Yeah What did you tell me about Jian Bing? They're so common Yeah, they're just like It's as common as what? It's common as rice One usually go to a restaurant And ask for Jian Bing So specific Because they're like very common Homemade food Right At home Like a grilled cheese sandwich Appetizers Two dishes Non-hot dishes Alright, so what are we starting with? Yi Dan Dou Fu It's like the most classic Which is the duck egg tofu Oh my God You know for a lot of Americans This 1,000 year old egg creeps them out I know They cannot do it I know Like chicken feet The tofu is actually very plain Like the taste But the egg kind of brings it up To another level Look at how soft it is Watch, watch, watch So this is beef tripe salad What? I would never order a salad of this And especially sometimes, Andrew This is the thing that I asked to not put in the food Yeah No, you're not usually a fan of tripe Oh, good No Oh, it's kind of sweet It's better when you put the cheese on top It's good, huh? With the chili sauce Insider Cheongyuan Bai Cai Spicy cabbage salad Okay, so usually it shouldn't be sweet I think they put sugar Okay But they're trying to appeal to the mass market Because if you guys don't know This spot, Beijing Pie House, would you believe it Is on the same street As a McDonald's A Starbucks Yeah A 85C bakery Taco spots Hot pot spots A boiling crab It wasn't always this way though Mung bean sprouts So there's actually mung bean noodles along with the sprouts I never had that This should be a taste for this one Wow With the sour taste I like this This was good Yeah Go, Andrew This is the first time in my life I would ever say The tripe was the best Xinbing Chinese meat pies Wait, what's the tones on Xinbing? Xinbing No, that's like a super Mandarin thing But usually you should stay with the northern accent Syrup Syrup It's lamb I got the lamb Wow I got the one with fennel Mmm, I got the house special I have shrimp, pork You know what I like about Xinbing though? They're very easy to hold It's kind of like If you guys have heard of Australian meat pies Or something That's kind of a very regular food You can grab and go Warning about Xinbing And they warn you this when you order it That if you eat it fresh It is super hot The juice And the soup inside Can burn the top of your mouth It can't explode on you You can only eat the lamb one in winter It's so heavy It's so meaty I really like the house special though Oh, the house? The shrimp, the pork Okay, this lamb one Tastes so juicy And there's like so much meat in it It feels like Even it's like $20 I feel it's worth it These are Xinbing These are everyday foods These are served to students These are served to workers These are served at home Before you go out Or as a snack Like this is The fuel of Beijing What's that one? The special Usually when we think of pies We're thinking of like a baked pie Like a crust Like an apple pie A rhubarb pie Pecan pie I would say to western people It might call a meat pucks Or meat discs Chai jie dan Chive and egg meat pie No meat though It's a little bit of fun There's something that you You didn't expect in there Really? Chai You got it? What's in there? What else? Shrimp? Yeah, shrimp Oh my gosh, can you see that? These are little tiny Mini shrimps that are salted When I look at it I think it's like It's sick But we actually try it With the shrimp in it It's like definitely in line Beef and scallion Chinese meat pie Beef and scallion can't go wrong Oh no No You always say like a Shallow on bow That don't No, nothing wrong with that Yeah Oh my gosh, watch this Chili oil Either this one Or the house special Yeah, this one's kind of Heavy like the lamb Yeah That the best thing to dip The shan bing into Is a mixture of soy sauce And vinegar Yeah, this one Yeah I think this one Tastes the most like a Dumpling Yeah When you dip the sauce It's like dumpling It tastes like the Filling in a beef wayto Alright, here's my thing About the house special I really like the house special But it didn't feel like As much shan bing-y Yeah This has to go number one Yeah House special And then jiu tai ji dan I agree with him I'm going to go with the Lamb shan bing That was straight like That's a little mongo In the cold You're going to only eat That when you're about to go Battle and climb over The Great Wall And tea to wash down The fatty Fatty boom baladi Sherbing I'm going to call them Sherbings from now on Because it's such a It's such a Sherb Sherb Sherb Paula, you know what's funny I say Yifan You know You're going to represent Like our fob friend And she goes, what? I'm not a fob I came on a plane Yeah, that's what I say Like, I didn't take the boat I said, then your boba Brought over by airplane I mean, like, that's a good one We got the jing dong rou bing Jing dong mi pie You have the Niu ro jian bing Which is the beef roe Classic, I love it And then you have The zhi ma zhi ma shan bing It's the sesame shan bing Oh, I want to try that For me, I have a sesame pancake I have a ma jiang bing Man, that just seems like a lot It's almost David It's almost like eating a peanut butter sandwich Ma jiang is actually a very Beijing thing Yeah, that's like That's like the Chinese peanut butter sandwich No, it is This is like sweet ma jiang Yeah It tastes like That's the closest thing I could compare to Yeah Okay, now I have the beef roe The Niu ro jian bing Niu ro jian bing Andrew, this is like That's like probably a top 10 dish for you No, but when we first moved to the Oh my gosh He was going No, you don't want me to ruin it Because the first 6-3-6 was the first time I ever had access to it This jing dong mi pie Plenty of scallions And plenty of layers It's more like a pastry It has multiple layers But the The hockey puck shan bing Is like juice filled Pretty good What I love about Niu ro jian bing though Is the fresh onion and cilantro Beef, hoisin sauce Wrapped all in a freshly Fluffy and chewy bing I love it Okay, let me try the ma jiang bing Okay Can you try it? Yeah It's good It's run-jun Andrew, this jing dong roe bing Is way better than king king Put ice cream On top of this ma jiang bing Why? It's like a This taste Reminds me of peanut butter And this bing Kind of reminds me of a cookie So I took cookie and peanut butter Put ice cream on it To me, that makes a lot of sense So Andrew, what did you think of Yifan's very organic reaction That you feel like? What?  Yeah Chinese passport, you got it American passport I think we can still Be朋友 We are We are Man There's some tension there, Yifan I'm glad we got through it though Real friends Jammer Scrummer Yifan You are my You are my jammer You are my baby We're on to our last dishes here At Beijing Pie House They actually have a lot of those Shandings that you guys should come over and try Unichoke Cornmeal congee We'll here at Beijing Pie House Said to eat it with some sugar We'll try it first without Without Super plain Without sugar Warm to the soul Like it Out of all the things that we've eaten That are very heavy It's kind of a nice switch up And it's comparable to an oatmeal Grits, a cream of wheat Yeah, actually the millet congee Doesn't have a strong taste But I actually really enjoy it I want to say That the meal that we just ate Obviously this was a nice version High quality version LA version Very common food It was the working class It was the equivalent of the Elevated grilled cheese spot LA street tacos Yeah New York bagels Bacon, egg and cheese What do you think about like People trying more of the Chinese food That's more like tier one Or tier two Not just the tier three You know Usually you see them being in China Even in China Not many people would try it every day You know Cause it's like more in northern part And Beijing So not all Chinese people In China eat Shenzhen Yeah my mom never liked Shenzhen My mom like Cause he's like two solvers But here I think this place is too fancy Just for Shenzhen actually But is it weird to see it coming At a different level Like it's not Like it's Shenzhen You know maybe Like it's not I mean yeah Cause anytime One culture goes to another culture They can shift their image So even if you are Like tacos Right? Like tacos In China In Sanlitun Tacos are pretty popular People consider it very fancy food And you go there With like your date You know Pizza Hut is considered fancy Even McDonald's is Considerable level Yeah In KFC in China What do you think ABCs Could like Add if we want to I mean they definitely Gonna view you guys as Americans No matter how you speak Chinese So like oh America Speak English to us So I think it's just like Be more like genuine And then try to learn Chinese culture Embrace your mother culture Be the bridge Between China and America I love living in the winter In Don't German Brick cold Super cold right One day I wake up And my hair's looking crazy And I have this really Cheap looking jacket on That somebody gave me Cause it was so cold right And I go up there And my hair's looking crazy I'm struggling to Order the The road job more Like it's hard for me To say it that day It's not coming out good And you hear the guy At the stall say Hey Kanta Kanta Kanta Make sure he pays Make sure he pays So basically he thought I was gonna Take the road job more And run away You know like Oh yeah Y'all you good Timey man So I have been Mistaken For a Non-standard Chinese Speak Alright guys We're gonna end up Those stories from Beijing Here we are With Yifan Follow her Down at the links down below Thank you so much For being here Shout out to Beijing Pie House Hey guys in the comments below Let me know What other Types of Chinese food You guys want us to discover Or other types of Asian food Thank you for our guest Yifan You added that authentic Chinese North to south element I appreciate it And we had a great discussion Okay Alright everybody Thanks for watching that video Subscribe Turn on your notifications Follow us down below And until next time Peace


Hello, Smoked Cartel. Today we're going to be discussing hand pipes. Hand pipes are probably the classic OG smoking tool that were used by your parents and your grandparents and your other grandparents. This is often colloquially referred to as smoking a bowl. The first and probably most basic type of hand pipe is called a spoon. This is the basic hand pipe. Usually you find it at a gas station or probably the one that your cousin had that one time you smoked with him. Obviously, it has a spoon-like shape. It also has a very deep bowl right here and it has a carb on the side and the stem is pretty short. So this is the easiest most portable way to smoke, but also you're getting dry, pretty harsh smoke because there's not a lot of filtration. It also just has this one very tiny hole which gets plugged up with resin very easily. Pros of having a spoon is that they are affordable. Probably any design you could possibly fathom in the universe is represented somehow by some type of spoon. Some of them have little frogs on them. That's not a large category and their size. They're really good for beginners. You pretty much take smoking down to its basics. Cons of having a hand pipe, they clog easily. They get dirty pretty quickly. Dry, harsh smoke. Again, they're very easy to clean. They're much easier to clean than a larger piece. The next one is called a Gandalf. Gandalf's are very long ornate pipes named after everyone's favorite bearded fantasy character Dumbledore. Pros of having a Gandalf, you get kind of a smoother smoking experience because of the long stem which kind of filters the smoke as it goes from the bowl into your mouth. They're affordable. They're really not too much more expensive than hand pipes even though you get a lot more with it. Cons are they're a little large so they're not easy to travel with or store and they can break easily. I mean, look at this thing. They're pretty thick. So if you're careful, it's usually not a big deal. What? I'm just kidding. A Sherlock. One of the best things about a Sherlock is that it makes you feel like a detective solving a murder or a very thoughtful professor and also has a curved design. Pros of having a Sherlock are the curvature.  The angle of the curvature can also have an impact on the flavor of the smoke and obviously the design. So every Sherlock is going to be a little different. They're comfortable. Sherlock's are probably one of the easiest pipes to hold in your hand. You can also get a Sherlock bubbler where you add water. Cons of having a Sherlock, they're very difficult to clean. Unfortunately, Sherlock's are designed almost perfectly to trap a resin in the bottom and that can be very difficult to remove. But I've gotten it out successfully many times with an overnight isopropyl alcohol soak. The next type is a chillum. They are very small, very short hand pipes that can really only hold one or two hits. Pros of having a chillum are they're small. They can fit in your pocket, which is nice and probably smell bad. Cons are they're small. If you want something bigger, buy something bigger. They can be smelly because they don't really have, I mean everything. I don't agree with that. It's not, of course it's going to smell, it's weed. The next type is a cigarette. Just kidding, it's a one-hitter that looks like a cigarette. Most people enjoy these because they are the most discreet way to smoke because they're disguised as another object. Pros, they're dirt cheap. The next type is a bubbler. Bubblers are probably actually my favorite because they combine water pipe with a regular hand pipe. What you do is you fill this part with water and the rest just functions like a normal hand pipe. Pros are because it uses water that makes them probably the smoothest type of hand pipe to smoke out of. One of the cons that I always notice personally with bubblers is that it can be difficult to fill them with water and drain out the water because it has this hole right here for the mouthpiece, but it also has both obviously of these holes at the top. So this one, for example, if you turn it over like this and try to get the water to come out of the thing, then you're going to be inhaling the bong water. If you try to dump it out this way, your bowl gets wet and then it also just starts coming out of the mouthpiece anyway. So it's a little convoluted to figure out how to, I never really figured out how to do that.  I mean, my little paper says that it can break easily, but I personally don't think they're that easy to break. They're very thick and they're bigger. So that's our very basic overview of handpipes. Check them out on our website. We've got probably 100 million thousand of them. So you're definitely going to find something that you like. You can buy a bunch if you want. And a lot of people like to accrue a collection of handpipes. You can really use it as an opportunity to express your individual style. Good stuff. Check it out. Have a great day, folks.


If you do this, the narcissist will lose their minds.  They're driving you crazy because it gives them narcissistic supply, which is their life source.  They have no inner sense of value. They get their inner sense of value from the external world, which is why they need excessive admiration and praise, which is why they devalue you. They put you down. They insult you. They try to control you because it gives them supply. The only reason they're paying attention to you is because you're giving them supply. That's why they want to keep you around, which means that you are actually in a very strong and advantageous position.  You have the power to make decisions. It's your decision. You hold all of the cards.  They need it to survive, so it's very easy to make the narcissist lose their minds. It's easy to drive them insane. Just figure out what type of supply you are giving to them and then cut off the supply.  Narcissists want to feel powerful. They want to feel like they're in control because they have no inner sense of value. They get their inner sense of value from the external world. So they're doing everything they can to ensure that you see them as being powerful and in control. So to make them lose their minds, you need to stop doing things that are giving them supply. You need to stop giving them admiration and flattery. You need to stop giving them compliments and praise. Stop doing everything for them. Stop trying to make them look good. Stop obeying their orders. Stop doing anything that gives them a narcissistic supply. If you do this, the narcissist will lose their minds. If you point out their flaws and imperfections. If you point out their insecurities. Narcissists always defile you their victims. They're always putting you down. They can dish it out, but they can't take it. If you do the same things that they have done to you, they cannot stand it.   Which is how the number one way to make the narcissist lose their minds is to stop communicating with them.  Go no contact. Give them the silent treatment. But be very cautious when you do this. Narcissists can be very unpredictable when they lose their supply. It's like you're taking away their oxygen. So they will be in a fight for their lives. It will be like a life or death situation to the narcissist. And they will do whatever it takes to survive. They will try to prevent you from leaving. They will try to make your life miserable. But going no contact is the best thing to do. Because if you stay with them, it's not going to change anything. It's only going to get worse. So let them go. Don't even try to get revenge. Because then you will still be giving them supply. You will still be showing them that you care. You will still be showing them that they're important. The best revenge is no revenge. To smile at their attempts to break you. To go on and live a happy successful life. Without having the time, interest or energy. To even think about them or how they hurt you. Thank you for watching. I hope this video resonate with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. If you would like to donate. My paypal link is in the video description. Coaching inquiries. You can email me at coaching at Narc Survivor UK. Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


Hello guys. So in the last video, we have seen how to fetch data from rest API endpoint and display into list view. So in this video, we are going to open a particular item from the list view and show the details of that particular entry. So let's get started. So first of all, we need to go inside list style and add a on tap property where we need to pass a function. This function gonna navigate us to next details page. So whatever we will create, we have not created yet. Let's quickly create a new page details underscore page dot dot. And we can simply make it stateless since we are not maintaining any state. So let's give it a page details page. And from here, instead of passing this constructor, we can return a scaffold and you can add the body part where we can have some text in the center. So later on, we will just modify this text. And since everything is let's mention details page is const. So we can add a const here. Since capital is also const, so edit const. So this detail page is fine. Let's go back to homepage. And so for navigation, we're going to use navigator dot push. So we want to come back. If you want to add a back button on the top of the title bar, then you can use this push so that we can come back. So here second argument is the route. The route we have material page route. Which is again taking a builder. So we're gonna take one function with the context where we can mention the page you want to return. So here simply use const and details page. That's all. Let's save it and check this on tap is working. So if I open it, we are getting back this. So here we missed one thing. Let me quickly add that app bar so that we can see the back button as well. So app bar is equal to app bar. And we can add the title as well. So let's quickly add the title text and details. So. Done. So what's the problem here? So let's quickly try to remove this const and put it here and put it here. So a bar is not a const. So that's why. So now you can go back to the same list by pressing back button. Now what we left with we need to pass some data whenever we just open this. So in order to do so, we need the detail. So what we need basically we need user pets. We had users pets. Is it? Yep. User pets dot data and then index. So we're going to pass this. You can simply go to this model and we can cross check what we need. Simply go here, scroll down. So we need this data. What we can do? We can simply pass it. So that would be let's create a new property here in this detail page so that we can accept it. So we don't need this to lead this. Let's quickly add a final datum. That is user. Bad. And this we can simply assign using this constructor where we can mention required this dot user pet. This page is done. Go back to this and here go to this arrow and simply do what just specify this named argument user pets and done. So since we are passing this data and we cannot have calls here for the final field. Let's go back to this. And if you open this, you can see everything works fine. But we have not used any detail over here. So let me specify here username. So from where would you get this user pet dot username. So what we can do since it is a dynamic data, we can remove this cost and we can interpolate it. So we say this is dollar this username and it's yep. So let's enclose it in double quotes so that I can use single code as well. So here it should say whose detail this particular user detail. And if you want to align it to the center, use another property enter title and true. Save it. And this portion is done. Now we can design here on the body part. So here body part we have to display multiple entries. So for that I will use a column widget. And in the column we can add children. And in the children we need first of all the image. So let's use circular. Let's use that this circle avatar. And in that we can use background image. And we can use network image. And just pass the URL and the URL we are getting from user pet dot pet image. And you can mention the radius as well. So let's say radius we're going to have to 150 and save it. And you can see your image is coming over here. So if you want you can add on border by wrapping it into something else. Let's quickly wrap it into another circle avatar and give it a radius of 152. And you can use the color whatever you want. So let's quickly add a little space on the top that is const. And give it some height let's say that is enough. And we can add one comma here and save it. That's fine. Now what else we need we can wrap this column into center if you want. Let's put it in the center. Save it and it becomes in the center. And what else we need we need to display the name of the dog after this. Let's add comma use text widget and give it user pet dot pet name. And you can add some style here like say text style. And give it font size. Let's give it 24 and everything is const. Let's add a const and save it. Now if you go to your dog name what we can do we can add a little space over here. So let's add const sized box and give it a height let's say of 10 pixel that is enough. Save it. So let's go down here and add more spacing. This time we're going to add 20 height and here we can add one row. So you can design whatever you want. So I'm basically taking a row so that I can display two things that would be the icon of the dog. Let's say if again I will add the condition user pet dot is friendly is true. Then I will say I can start what I can I want to return pets. Otherwise icons dot do not touch. So if you haven't seen my previous video of list view you can check out I will add the link in the description. Same way I will add the colors over here you can even copy it from this homepage where we have added like this. I just copy this go back here and you can add the color over here for this icon color and paste this. Now just carefully we need to remove this and here we will mention user pet. So that's all with this and you can see the icon is coming over there and since this is again the not a friendly dog. So we will add the same condition to the border part of this circle avatar. So let's give it a background color and then we missed with one extra comma save. Okay and let's go back to this row and add the second entry that I would like to add the text and which is again based on if the user pet is friendly. Then we can have some text like like simply say first of all the name of the dog that is user pet dog. Sorry dot pet name is friendly and otherwise we will say just use this dog name dollar dollar here user pet dot pet name. Is not friendly and I think we can do this and if you want you can add on the text size here. So let's quickly use the same property over here with the style and we can just add comma here paste it. So this time we can add a little lesser size and I think we need to align it to the center. Let's say main access alignment dot center save this seems better and we can even change the color of this as well. So let's use the same property over here for the color. So if the dog is friendly then it should come in a green otherwise it should come in a. Let's cut this save this and this is fine. Let's try to look at the friendly dog and does it come nice. Yes it is coming now. So that's all I think. So one more thing we can do if I try to change the orientation then you can see we are getting this error. So we have overflow pixels. So in order to resolve it what you can do simply wrap your center widget into one more widget that is single child crawl view. Save this. This will make your UI responsive and scrolling. Now even if you are vertical or horizontal position no problem with this. Let me quickly change this and everything works fine. So that's all for this video. If you have any doubt do comment in the comment section. Thank you.