Our next speaker is Dr. Pei. Dr. Pei is currently a postdoc at University of North Dakota in the Earth's System Science and Policy Department. And she recently completed her PhD at NDSU in the Rain Science Program. Her dissertation work was a project that surveyed North Dakota grasslands for bee and plant communities. And she's centered her work around the relationships between exotic species and bee communities. So let's welcome Dr. Pei. All right, so yeah, my name is CK Pei. I am currently a postdoc at UND Aerospace. And I recently did graduate from here and I'll be sharing one of the papers that I did over looking at potential relationships between invasive grasses and bee communities on the grasslands here in North Dakota. So this is a more ecology-based paper study. It's not gonna be talking about how to manage grasses or the extent of grasses or anything like that. But maybe it's nice to chat about bees, especially before a break comes. So before I came up here to North Dakota, I worked in the Flint Hills region of Kansas at some really nice native prairie, which is really great to work there, except for it gave me kind of rose-colored glasses in terms of what contemporary grasslands actually are. So when I came up here to North Dakota and started looking at the grasslands here, I was kind of like forward by the amount of exotic plants that there are in the landscape. And so I centered my research on exotic plant interactions with the bee community. Usually the research involving exotic plants and bees has to do with exotic floral resources and how those explain bee communities. And that's really important to look at because bees require floral resources. They're really tightly linked to floral resources. So that's an obvious thing to look at. However, bees do have different needs. So they have nesting needs, which is not part of the floral community. Also other things, it's not in close system. Other things impact the amount and diversity of those floral resources. So I kind of want to look at non-foral components of the plant community and how they affect and explain the bee community. So in terms of the non-foral components of the plant community, I thought was most relatable to my study. First structure, overall plant structure. I knew that some bees require access to the soil. Some bees like more standing litter around. And so structure is really important and it could filter out species. Another thing is just general plant community and plant community diversity. Now I am talking about like the non-foral plant community. And yes, I know grasses flower. I'm talking about the plants that are most used by bees. Bees do use grasses or can use grass pollen, but it's not a preferred resource. It's kind of like, God, I'll take it if it's there, but I'm not gonna want it. And so yeah, so this is inclusive of that grass community. And as we know, there are two species of exotic cool season grasses that are quite prevalent across North Dakota, Kentucky bluegrass and smooth brome. And those are the species that I'll be focusing on in this study. And those are kind of known to, well, naturally the them being present replaces other plant species. They're also known to be really good at creating their own environment that kind of favors them and maybe not so much the other species. And so I'd expect them to have some influence over things that need that plant community like bees and pollinators. Another big thing that kind of encompasses everything is just general management. Unfortunately, my study and my data set doesn't address management specifically, but it does can provide some sort of ecological basis for informing management actions. So, like I said, invasive grasses have the potential to impact biodiversity. But when you're considering diverse organisms such as insect pollinators, it's kind of unreasonable to expect that invasive grasses or other environmental changes will affect bees all in the same way since bees are very diverse. So it's kind of like a filtering system. So obviously there's a lot of things that happen that make exotic grass invasions present. So there's probably a lot more factors than the ones I have up there. But like I said, those exotic grass invasions could impact the plant community, decide what kind of forb species are there, which then will determine what bee species can be there because which are reliant on those plant species. So that's an indirect relationship from exotic grasses to bee species. However, there also are direct, I think direct associations that could happen as well from exotic grasses to bees. And it's kind of through that structure. So under certain circumstances, especially if exotic grass invasions are left idle and unmanaged and undisturbed, they're allowed to build up these really thick litter layers. There are these two species connected to grass, but we're really good at that. And so that would be kind of a direct relationship to bees because it can determine which bees are there who has nesting resources who can access the ground. So that can also filter out bee species. And the reason what kind of bee species are there is because that affects the ecosystem services that come from those bees. So pollination services are the main ecosystem service that comes from bees. And so determining how what kind of bee species is really important, especially for what it means to bee function. And bee function is actually, so bee functional diversity is what determines their pollination services. So I like to use this little chart here, not chart, figure here, just shows like crop yield will increase with the more diverse set of bees or pollinators that you have. And so that's focusing on crop systems, but it's the same principle out in natural systems. The more types of bees you have, the more types of pollination services you have to fit many different types of plants. And so it's really important to keep that functional diversity present on grasslands. And so that's why I'm looking at how exotic grasses will impact those services. So some of the ways bees lend their services is through their different functional traits. So I'll be focusing on four main groupings today, body size, diet, sociality, and assuming habit. For body size, these can range in very many different sizes. Big bumblebee to a small, little, highly SP. And that determines what flowers they can visit and what flowers they provide those pollination services to. So bumblebees, for instance, can't land on a like a little chickweed flower that's just not feasible for them. For a diet, some bees can visit many different plants and use pollen from many different types of plant species. Well, others, and those are generalist species. Other species have to use a specific type of plant, even down to a species. So those are specialized bees. So that determines which plants they provide those pollination services to. Sociality, bees vary greatly in their social groupings. Bees can be super social. It's like honeybees and bumblebees where you have a main egg layer queen and a lot of workers helping out. But most bees are actually solitary where they collect their own pollen and provision their own nest themselves. And that can be important. And these social strategies kind of influence their foraging strategies. So that'll affect how they provide their services. There's also kind of traits that fall between the diet and sociality groups. And this is called parasitism. So there are bee parasites. There are kleptoparasites, which enter another bee's nest.  So it's stealing. So it pens the word klepto. And then there's also other kinds of parasitic bees. So parasitic bumblebees, for instance, kind of take it a step farther. They enter another bumblebee's nest, take out the queen and make all the workers work for them. So it's kind of a pretty cool thing. And then for nesting habit, bees nest in very many different ways. Most bees nest in the ground. However, some bees have to dig their holes. They're programmed to dig their holes. Others are programmed to use existing cavities. They can't dig it themselves. They have to find those cavities. There's also cavity nesting bees, which I separated out because those ones will nest in like pithy stems and other kind of existing cavities. And I also have a hive here as another category. North Dakota is the biggest honeybee producer in the US. And so we have lots of honeybees here, but honeybees don't, they don't really live anywhere like the native bees species that we have. So it's in its own category there. There's other functional traits, but those ones are the four I'll be focusing on. So it is important to keep in mind that we want to maintain this functional diversity on our landscapes. But bee diversity is affected by certain things. So resource loss is a main one, just general grassland reduction, fragmentation of those grasslands. Also resource loss brings great form in the change of resources. So we do have a lot of exotic species and that changes the availability of resources to bee species. And as we know, these are very, very common things in the Northern Great Plains. We have lots of cropland and we also have lots of exotic species. So and because exotic grass invasions are expected to work expected to, but also have been found to influence the plant community, I would expect them to contribute to be resource loss. However, this question, as far as I know, hasn't been really looked at. So this is kind of a first look at the relationship between invasive grasses and associated plant characters and the bee community. There is a related study in Canada, I think, that they used non-foral components of the plant community, but I don't think they included the invasive grass aspect, hopefully. There is, since it is the first look, I kind of just wanted to see a simple literary relationships between invasive grasses, also the related plant community characters on bee communities and forb communities. I also wanted to determine how those different plant community characters influence and shape the structure of bee and forb communities, I should say. Second objective, we'll be looking at the relationships between those plant community characters and different bees based on their functional traits. So the methods, this data comes from a statewide survey of bees, plants and greater plant communities across North Dakota. So this was conducted between 2017 and 2020. In this project, there's a total of 477 grassland sites that we surveyed at, and they are managed by many different agencies down here, public, and we had about 120 something private sites, as well as a couple NGOs. However, for this particular study, I filtered the data set to use data from 67 sites. The reason for that is because I limited the data to 67 sites because I only limited it to the sites that received two different bee sampling methods. The reason I did that is because when you, insect communities are super hard to get good measures of. And so when you use different methods, you kind of, it's a better representation of the present bee community, because they all have their own biases and stuff. So the first method that we used is netting surveys. So that just involves observers netting for bees, basically, within a plot. And our second type of method was beeple surveys. And those were colored cups full of soapy water that were kind of placed out on a transect out on the grassland and left on the site. For us, it was 24 hours. And then we could pick up the samples the next day. So these are attracted to the color and they'll fall in. So each of the 67 sites were visited two times with both bee sampling methods. And this gives us measures of relatively abundance, species richness, and diversity at each site. For the plant site of things, we did vegetation cover surveys, 51 meter square quadrats per site. And we did these surveys after, you know, the growth had started. So like after July 1st had started, we estimated the cover of three different grass species, or three different grass groups. So Kentucky bluegrass, the mountain smooth brome. Also, I have a category called other grasses. And other grasses are because it's not really feasible to train the 30 plus technicians that we had on our team, how to identify grasses. I don't feel very good in that being very reliable. And so we grip those in the other grasses. You can kind of translate that as mostly native grass species. However, it is inclusive of other exotic grass species that just aren't Kentucky bluegrass and smooth brome. So also estimated the amount of bare ground. We measure litter depth and the cover of each four species in the quadrat. So that gives us measures of the grass cover, amount of bare ground, litter depth, and a couple for bridge or for diversity values. So for the first objective, for in terms of analysis, we just use general is linear mixed models to see the associations between invasive grasses and litter depth and for richness with our be abundance, be species richness, be Shannon diversity for species richness and for Shannon diversity. And after we saw those linear relationships, we looked at which one of those predictor variables kind of significantly contributed to the bee community space and we used ordnation methods for that. Another objective too for the functional part, I did a method called fourth corner analysis, which is a way to associate different environmental variables. So those grass, grass cover and litter depth and for richness to functional grouping. So the bees based on diet group, sociality group, body size and that's seen habit for general results. So I had 20,000 bee individuals from 182 species found from those 67 sites and then found 249 estimated the cover of 240 and four species. For the grass side of things, this is just a map of relative cover of Kentucky bluegrass, mobrome and other grasses found on our sites. So it'd be really cool to see this with like all 477 sites across the state. You kind of like, it's tempting to look at trends and be like, oh, there's a lot of Kentucky bluegrass in the great Pothole region, but I wouldn't probably try that right now with this particular number of sites. But we can say as well, there's a lot of exotic grasses in North Dakota. So for the first objective, when we're just looking at linear relationships, I plotted the estimated coefficients and the 95% confidence intervals. If that confidence interval crosses that zero line, that means it's not significant if it doesn't. And it's on the right side, it's positive association. If it doesn't and it's on the left side, it's a negative association. So bee abundance, we didn't find any relationship with any of the variables that we included. I don't really like using bee abundance, but a reviewer made me do that and so I included that. Bee species richness, the only thing that we found that impacted or was associated with bee species richness and bee diversity was forb species richness. And that kind of follows a lot of things that we know about these is that they like, what's the amount of forbs there? So, but when we looked at the bee community, and this is bee community defined by a genera, and I know it's stupid of me to include a 3D generation, but I like it because of the perspective and it gives you a better look at where things actually are falling. But this is for a nation and oopsie, doopsies. These names are the names of the bee genera. And with this, you can kind of translate that as like things that are closer on the plot are more associated and things that are further or not. So what we're looking at here is these are the axis highlighted in yellow here. And these are plotted environmental vectors here. So those are highlighted in blue. And in terms of the relationship between the bee genera and those vectors, if it's closer to the line, that means it's more associated as if it's in the direction, if it's in the opposite direction, it's associated but in the opposite way. So what we found here is that forb species richness was to significant contributor to the community space defined by bee genera. And litter depth was also, we also found the litter depth was also significant contributing to the space too. So really interesting that another method would pull that out. I think something interesting to pull out is I thought it was interesting that honey bees and bumble bees were really associated with grasslands of really high litter depth and conducted the rest. I have some theories on that. And I think like one of them is bumble bees might benefit from some more cover. And that was from previous, I have a previous experience that kind of saw that a bit. Flattening it on a 2D surface and using the bee community as their species, which are, so the species name here, this kind of gives us more specific look into the bee community. It's just not useful unless you know these names and you know like things about these species to look at. So like here, there's like those bumble bees and honey bees. Really interesting was bare ground. There's lots of ground nesting bees here. There were things that dig holes. So that's interesting opposite direction where those bumble bees. Another interesting thing was like some, there's a couple species that are specialists on pollen. So they were, some of them were really associated with Fort richness. So like I said, unless you know things about those species, it's not as helpful. Which is why we do the functional stuff later on. For the forb side of things, forb species richness and forb diversity were positively associated with the presence of other grass species. So like I said, most of the other grass category is the native grass species. So it kind of makes sense that there would be more, there could be more forb diversity on sites that also have more native grass presence. Litter depth was negatively associated with forb species richness. So the more litter there were, less forb species. Oopsies. And the last, and forb species, Shannon diversity was negatively associated with smooth brome, which is interesting. And I swear, these plots are different. They look very similar. I, you know, that freaked me out the first time I saw it. So, but they are different. So on the forb community side of things, what we found was that litter depths and smooth brome were both significant contributing to this community. So what I thought was interesting here is that sweet clover, alfalfa, and this little triangle's can of the fissile really associated with areas of high litter depth when smooth brome. So that was kind of interesting. The functional results, the functional results, fourth core analysis gives you these like nice little grids that show the association or the correlation between these variables. So if it's blue, it's a positive association. If it's red, it's a negative. And if it's darker, it's more. If it's less dark, then it's less. And so this is the diet-breath category, nesting category, sociality category and body size category. So for the first one, some things that were interesting was that oligolectic bees, which are specialist bees, negatively associated with litter depth and Kentucky bluegrass, which I thought was interesting. Weirdly positive relations, weekly positive relationship with smooth brome. I don't, I can't, I don't, I'm still trying to think why that could have happened. One thing is like these kind of all, you have to think about results from other groupings and see whether that can explain things, which I'll kind of point out later. General estates, which are the polyleptic species, they were positively associated with forbidgeness or the only ones positively associated with forbidgeness. And that was, I mean, my best explanation for that, my best guess for that is that if you eat anything, maybe you benefit a lot from being in a place with lots of forbidgeness. I don't know if that's correct, but that's where I was thinking. Now the nesting category is really interesting because it's kind of nice when something just like works out the way you expect it to. And so ground nesting bees were negatively associated with litter depth. So they need access to the ground. That makes sense that they, in places where there's lots of litter, they can't access the ground much. Maybe there's less ground nesting bees. Also, we're less in places with higher Kentucky bluegrass. Opposite of that were cavity nesting bees. So bees that rely on like the presence of pithy stems and standing litter positively associated with litter depth. So that was kind of cool that that worked out that way. What was really interesting here in the social groupings is that the primitively used social bees, which are somewhat sweat bee species, negatively associated with litter depth, but you have to think that they're kind of all related. So you have to think of multiple categories. So those sweat bees are ground nesting bees too. So I don't know, yeah, that probably has something to do with those results. Also used social bees, which are the social ones like bumble bees and honey bees positively associated with litter depth and Kentucky bluegrass. And so like I said before, I'm like, well, maybe those species, well, maybe bumble bees, for instance, need more cover present for some benefit. For body size, small bees were positively associated with them out of bare ground. And like I said, it's all kind of related.  So those primitively social species were ground nesting bees. And so that could make sense there. Medium sized bees, negatively associated with forbidgenose and pretty strongly so. But in this category are honey bees. And we have like, we had very many honey bees in our samples because this is more Dakota. And so honey bees are actually known to not really go so much for places with lots of diversity. They're more so influenced by the quantity of resources. And so that could be an explanation for that. So what we found is that really only forb species richness mattered in terms of those simple linear relationships, but there's more ways to analyze this. What we showed when we looked at communities that litter depths were also important here. And then what we saw is like, it really depends on the species. So like invasive grasses and other plant community characters like litter depth, just how they affect bees just determines on the type of bee that you're talking about. Litter depth had negative associations with forb species richness and smooth roam with overall diversity. So in other grasses, communities with other grasses were positively associated with forb species richness and diversity. Smooth roam and litter depth were important to shaping the forb community. So I think litter depth would be, requires a lot of attention from these results. So basically what we learned here is that, yeah, maybe floral resources are probably more important in explaining bee community, but we don't know that for sure. However, what we found was that plant community characters are associated with invasive grasses and just non floral aspects are important in shaping both bee and forb species. Kind of the star of the show, at least in my opinion is litter depth and how they affected both the bee and forb communities and have a strong association with them. And because both bees need different varying sources or varying types of litter depths, it's important that we maintain structural heterogeneity of the cross grasslands and that's comes from the heterogeneous application of disturbance processes such as this fire grazing Hain would probably disturb some things. But it's not unrelated to invasive grasses because if left idle, Kentucky blue grass and smooth brome are really good at making those thick litter layers and they're really good at making those thick litter layers like a logistic layer across the landscape. So especially if you do have invaded grasslands, you do really require disturbances. So this project was a first look at this topic for the Northern Great Plains at least. And so it provides a gateway for other research to perform. So since I'm looking at indirect relationships, an obvious kind of a logical way forward is to look at path analysis and stroke for equation modeling to investigate these indirect relationships, which I've thought about and I'm probably going to do, but I think it just requires more thought. I'm really scared of making bad models. And because I know how important floral community is, I need to add these floor measures into this mix because that could explain plant diversity maybe more in terms of how it relates to bees. Another thing is I need to make sure that my measures are sufficient for some variables. Also, I wanna just see how important are these non floral community characters to the floral community characters? Do we need to be even spending time thinking too much on it or is floral aspects more important? So that'll kind of be my next direction with this topic here. So this is a huge project and I had a lot of people involved with it.  Also our field crew here, also lots of different lab help and other help as well as my current department for letting me come here today. So that's all I've got. I'd be happy to answer questions.


In the circa 1930s, on an authorized bootleg of an Mickey Mouse cartoon was made and got its way past theaters throughout December of 1942, 1943 and 1944, since those were the only years it was shown. This cartoon was nicknamed by the developers, Project Happy. Since the cartoon itself pretty much featured the jolly loving Mickey Mouse. The cartoon itself had no real title, since it was rushed through production and had low budget. The cartoon itself pretty much spooked many kids that wanted to see Mickey Mouse as he appeared in the cartoons and promotional posters, only to find this film instead. It gave many kids nightmares, but the news didn't acknowledge this since because the film kept getting handed to other theaters through the years. And then the cartoon itself went missing through decades until one copy was discovered on an old VHS copy from an unknown date. Scene 1. Found. Mickey walking in a city. Theater version. Ending. Found. Mickey walking faster in a city while production difficulties occur. Theater version. Ending. Found. Mickey's face. Theater version. Alternate ending. Lost. Mickey having a heart attack and exploding. Unknown version. Mentions of an alternate version has surfaced from people who saw the cartoon when it was still being made. They said that the film looked like an adult version of Mickey Mouse. It's unknown if any copies exist of this adult version.


Okay, recording is on. Good morning everyone. Those of you online and those of you in class. Good morning to BC 111, our lectures on faith. Let's pray and then we'll get started together. Father we thank you for this day, thank you for this morning. And we welcome Lord the presence of the Holy Spirit. We welcome you spirit of God to be our teacher, our guide, our counselor, our instructor. We ask that you will rest upon each of us, rest upon our hearts and minds and Lord even as we spend time in your Word, speak to us, teach us, establish us in truth. And may the things we hear Lord be written upon the tables of our hearts so that we can live by them, we can walk in them, we can experience them and by your Word and by your presence do mighty things for the kingdom of God. Thank you Father in Jesus name. Amen. Amen. Okay, so let's go in our lecture notes to chapter 16, chapter 16. We're going to talk about how to exercise faith. I'm going to go ahead and share these notes as well online so we could see it in the PDF. It's chapter 16. So the last couple of weeks we looked at different aspects of faith. We talked about faith confession. We talked about praise. You express faith, exercise faith through praise, through action, through endurance and through determination. So these are the various aspects of faith. So when you and I are exercising faith in God, all these things are involved. We have to speak the Word, we have to act, we praise, we are determined, we endure through time, we don't give up. So all these things are involved. So today in lesson number 16, we want to put it down in, you know, you call it like steps of faith or in these action points. So when you want to exercise faith in God, this is how you would do it. Now this is not a formula, I'm not giving a formula like A plus B plus C plus D. This you'll get your miracle here. It's not like a formula, but it's more like, okay, these are the things I need to do while I am exercising faith in God. These are things that go into the process of exercising faith in God. And we, of course, base it all on Scripture. We base it on what we see in the Bible, the life of Abraham and the life of other people in the teachings of Jesus. So all that we have studied so far, all the 15 chapters, if you want to take that and put it in some bullet points and say, this is how very simply, if you want to exercise faith in God, this is how you do it, right? So we will make it, we will itemize it like this. How do we exercise faith in God? And this applies to any area, whether you want to receive something from God, whether you want to over, you know, through faith, you want to overcome through faith, you want to conquer through faith, you want to achieve something through faith, you want to pursue a certain goal, whatever it is, this is how you would go about doing it. Okay, so let's break this down as an outline. Number one is to have a desired goal based on God's words. That means what are you having faith for? You know, it just can't be, I have faith in God for anything. No, what is it that is specific to have a desired goal? What is it? You know, if it's healing, okay, what you believe in God for healing? If it is for finances, if it is for accomplishing something, a goal in the ministry, right? What is it? So we know from Hebrews 11, faith is the substance of things hoped for. So you have to have something specific, a thing that you are hoping for. So now, for example, for the central service, I say God, two services, 500 people in each service. So that's a goal. So in my mind, I'm not saying 50 people, I'm saying 500 people. So I see the whole full that way. So now that's what I will pray into, that's what I will have faith for. Or when I look at the Bible college, you will see on Saturday, it's just empty land. But in my mind, I'm thinking of buildings, we want to have Bible college, we'll have big church service, maybe Christian school, so many things. I'm thinking, okay, all this we will build. So that's something already. But when you go and see, I'm just seeing empty land, what is this? Faith, you need to have a goal, a desired goal. And how can you see it? You can see it in your imagination. And so that imagination is very important. You say, God, that is my goal. I want to see that. And I imagine students coming from all over the world to study. So maybe hundreds of students, hundreds of students on campus anytime, students come to everywhere to study. And they say, where do you want to go to Bible college? I want to go there. I want to go to APC Bible college. Students coming all over the world. That's the goal. But now, nothing. It's just one land. What is it? We haven't bought it yet. We're just going through the procedure. But you have a desired goal. So then for ministry, I see thousands of churches all over India. So now we have just like 15 churches around India. But when I pray, I'm saying thousands of churches, not just India, but then around the world. All the students that we're training, they will go start churches, ministries. But these are the different goals that you have. So like that, you must have either a desired goal or many goals. Nobody's preventing you from having many goals. But what I'm saying is you cannot have faith if you don't first have a goal. You must first have a desired goal. Right now, nothing is there. But you need to have a goal in order to have faith. Because faith is the substance of things. You're saying, God, that's my desire. That's what I want to see happen. And from there, you can keep expanding the vision. You can keep increasing it, making it bigger and bigger and bigger. But you have to start with something. I said, God, I want to start with this. From there, you can make it bigger. Nobody's stopping you. What do you want to do? What does your goal? So whether it's whatever it is, whether it's healing, whether it's a change in your circumstances, you're praying for the salvation of people, you're praying for finances, you're praying for ministry, objectives, whatever, it starts by having a desired goal. And this is something you must desire. God can't desire it for you. You have to desire it. We study that it takes your determination. You must be determined to achieve that goal. So that is on our side. We must be determined. God, I want to see this happen. Now, it has to be based on God's Word, of course. So does God want people to be saved? So it's a good thing. Does God want to have churches planted? Of course. You find that in the Bible. He told us to go make disciples of all nations. So does God want people to be healed? Of course. So all those things are aligned to the Word of God. So based on the Word, you are desiring something in your life. That's where it starts. Now, some people might say, well, you must not have any desires. Don't have any desire. Don't have any expectation. Well, if you don't have desire, if you don't have expectation, then you cannot have faith. What happened? You want to turn it off or reduce it? That's fine. Good. Thank you. All right. So faith requires that you have hope or have a desire or an expectation. So when people say, oh, don't expect anything, don't have any desire, that's wrong. Because the Bible of Jesus said, what things so ever you desire when you pray, believe that you receive them and you will have them. So Mark 11, 24, whatever you desire, when you pray, believe that you receive them and you will have them. Okay. One idea I have. I want to challenge each of you. Every week you memorize one verse. Every week, one verse you memorize. I will get this organized, but I want you to memorize. I believe Bible college must learn at least 500 verses. Okay. Huh? Oh, you started? Oh, very nice. Every day one new verse. That I think is a little too much. Every day one verses. Because you have to repeat the verse many times to learn it. One verse a week is okay. Every day one verses. Okay. But I think if you do one verse a week, in one semester you'll learn at least 16 verses. Two semesters, 32. So four years, three years, about 16, 90, 96 verses, at least 100 verses you'll learn in three years. But at least try to do more. Okay. It's good to know the scriptures. Okay. So Jesus said, you know, if you look at example Mark 11, 24, he said, whatever you desire, or if you look at John 15 verse 7, he said, if you abide in me and my words abide in you, you will ask what you will and it will be done for you. See, in both these verses, in both these verses, Mark 11, 24, John 15, 7, both these verses, our desire, our will is involved. That means you must desire. You must be determined. God, I want to see this. You know, think about Caleb. When he was 80 years old, he goes to Joshua and he says, give me this mountain. He wants that. 40 years of waiting did not, you know, didn't discourage him. He says, give me this mountain. You know, even after 40 years, give me this mountain. That means he was determined to get it. So have a desired goal based on God's word and I encourage you to write it down or if you can draw it, draw it. If you can paint it, paint it. You know, that this is what I want to see happen. This is what I want to see or these are the things I want to see fulfilled in my life. So write it down or draw it or sketch it or paint it or whatever.  God, I'm believing for this. Have a clear goal, desired goal. Okay, number two, we must be determined to have what God has promised. So not only must you have a desire, have a goal, we must be determined to have that because God promised it. You know, now this is a strange thing that just because God promised something doesn't mean it will happen. See, God has promised salvation for every person. The Bible already says, whoever believes in the Lord Jesus Christ will be saved. It's already there. The Bible already says, whoever calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. It's already there, but it will not happen automatically. People have to hear and they have to believe. They have to believe. It's not going to happen automatically. They have to hear the gospel. They have to believe. Then they will be saved. The promise for salvation is there. Salvation is already given to people, but people have to receive it. They have to say, I want to be saved. Similarly, we have a part to play that we must be determined to have what God has promised. God, this is what you said, and I must have it in my life. I must see it happen. We must be determined. Jesus said it like this, I don't know if it's here in the scripture, but he said in Matthew 11 and verse 12, Jesus said, the kingdom of heaven suffers violence and the violent take it by force. Matthew 11 verse 12. See, when you memorize scripture, you can make your own message as you preach. So if you know scripture, so memorize scripture. It's a good thing. We used to have these packs before we used to make these packs, but there used to be a set of cards on each topic and we left 10 cards, 10 healing verses, faith left 10 cards, 10 verses on faith. So we used to give it out, but we stopped making it. That's the easy way. You can always flip the cards. You can learn it. So you learn 10 verses on healing, 10 verses on faith, 10 verses on different subjects, at least like that. So we will try to get that made again. But so see your mind is like a library. When you go to a library, all the books on a particular subject are kept in a particular place. So if you want to find any book on one subject, you can go there, take it. So your mind, if you organize it like a library, right? You can think. So for example, I can start from Genesis, go to Revelation, I can give you all the scriptures on healing. Or I can start from Genesis, go to Revelation, give you scriptures on faith. Or any topic. Because I have arranged it in my mind like that. Memorize it. So starting from Genesis, tuk-tuk-tuk-tuk-tuk. Go through, book by book. So when you memorize, try to arrange it in your mind like a library scriptures. Okay? So somebody says, can you preach on faith? Oh yeah, let's start from Genesis 2, Revelation. Or if you don't have so much time, you can start somewhere else and you can preach on faith, whatever. Okay. So going back to Matthew chapter 11 verse 12, Jesus said, He said, the kingdom of heaven suffers violence. And the violent take it by force. So Jesus taught us different things about the kingdom of God. He used two pictures. He said, if you want the kingdom of God, very interesting. If you want to experience the kingdom of God, you have to be like a child. But he also said, if you want to experience the kingdom of God, you have to be like a warrior. For example, Matthew 18 verses two and three, he said, unless you become like little children, you cannot experience the kingdom.  Then you'll receive the kingdom. But Matthew 11 verse 12, you have to be like a warrior. The violent take it by force.  What about a child? About a child, child just believes, doesn't ask.  The child will not show me your muscle, let me see. He's not going to ask those questions. It just trusts and will jump. And then the adult will catch the child. So as a child, we have childlike faith or childlike trust in God. But he said, you also have to be like a warrior. The kingdom of heaven suffers violence and the violent, the aggressive, the warrior like they take it by force. So to be like a warrior, what about a warrior? They're willing to fight. They are not afraid of the battle. They're willing to press through. So in order to experience the kingdom of God, Jesus and both, you be childlike, have childlike trust, confidence. You'll be like a warrior, you're determined. You're going to fight. You're not going to give up. So that's the second point. That means you and I must be determined to have what God is for. I'm willing to fight for it. The Bible says fight the good fight of faith. So the devil or the things of this world are not going to stop me from taking or possessing what God has promised for me. So I'm going to start. I'm willing to fight the good fight of faith to possess what God has. So there must be that determination in order to receive from God. If we are just wishful, if we are just okay, let it happen. If it happens and so on and so forth. It's very likely that we're not going to receive from God. The third thing that we must do as a way to exercise faith in God, we're just summarizing is to fill our heart with the Word of God. Pull our hearts. Keep on going back to the same scriptures. Why? Because we believe in the heart. We believe in the heart. And our believing must come to a place where there's no unbelief, no doubt. How can we do that? Fill your heart with the Word of God, where the heart man believes. Faith comes by hearing and hearing the Word of God. So we need to hear the Word of God. Keep on hearing. So you go back, keep reading the same scriptures or, you know, keep meditating the same scriptures. Whatever you're believing God for God, this is what you said. This is what you said. This is what you said. This is what God said.  You come to that place. Right. So there's no doubt, no shadow of a doubt that what God said he will do. But for that, you have to fill your heart with the Word of God. Right. And we have to constantly do it. You know, we can't say, well, I read that promise two weeks ago. When did you eat rice? Monday? Tuesday? When is there? Whatever.  Now imagine, we may have been eating chapati for 20 years. You don't get tired.  Again, the same thing you eat. You eat the same thing again and again and again. It's food. We don't say, oh, I ate it so many times already.  You eat the same thing again. That's the Word of God. Of course, we have read it weeks before, months before, years before.  Just like how you and I have food. Same food, but our body needs it. So we eat same scripture. Our heart needs it. Feed your spirit with the Word of God because faith comes by hearing and hearing by the Word of God. So feed your heart with that Word. Fill it with that Word. Keep on meditating on the Word of God. So until you see the thing fulfilled, keep on meditating in the Word. Did you have a question? All right. So number four, what do we do in exercising faith in God? Number four is we pray and we receive by faith. So prayer, as we saw earlier, is one of the ways that we can exercise faith in God. You pray and you receive by faith. Once you go before God, to Mark 11, 24, Jesus said, what things you ask when you pray, believe that you receive them and you will have them. So notice what Jesus said. What things you ask or the old King James, the King James would say, whatever you desire when you pray. This is the new King James version. What things you ask, whatever you desire when you pray, believe that you receive them. So what must we believe? We must believe that we receive it. Believe that you receive. Believe that you receive. You will have. That means believing that you receive happens before you actually receive. That means in your heart. As far as by faith, in your heart, it is already yours. And then you will receive. So believing that you receive happens before you actually receive. Jesus taught us that. That means in your heart, it's already yours. In your heart, God has already given it to you. By faith, you've already received. Believe that you receive them. Okay. Another parallel scripture. I don't know if it's here. If you don't know verse John chapter 5, verse John chapter 5 verse 14, John says, says this, this is the confidence that we have in him, that if we ask anything according to his will, he hears us. Then verse 15. And if we know that he hears us, whatever we ask, we know that we have. Verse John 5 verse 15. We know that we have the petitions that we desired of him. And notice what he is saying. He didn't say, we know that we are going to have. He said, we know that we have the petitions that we desired of him. It matches with Mark 11, 24. Believe that you receive. That means you know that you have. It's not, I know that I'm going to have. I know that I have. You believe that you have received them. And then he says, and you will have. Correct.  Let me first check. Exam. Exam. Suppose I give my words to women. I promise to give you 500 rupees. Now I've given my words. Okay, now this is real. Not joke. Suppose I tell you really, I'll give you 500 rupees. You believe. Yeah, he believes. He said he'll give you 500 rupees. I believe. Then immediately you are 500 rupees richer. You believe that you have already happy. You have not received it yet. The meaning in the natural, in the natural, you have not received it yet. But because the promise was made, because the word was given, you know that you have 500 rupees more. You believe that you have. So spiritually, this is natural, but spiritually you believe. It's mine. So you can start planning 500 rupees today afternoon. I'll go to the bakery and buy cake for all my friends. I will, whatever, however you want to spend, you can already start planning. Because you know you have, you believe that you have received. It's not come yet, but you know that you have, you believe that you have received.  You're already planning. You tell all your friends, hey guys, today afternoon for tea time, we will have nice tea. Because 500 rupees, I believe I have received. And then you will have it. You have to receive it. This isn't real. You buy snacks for everybody.  This exam, I guess 500, right? Yeah, okay. So now you have it. Take it. Please be seated. Go sit. Okay. So you buy snacks for everyone. Evening. So, so example. Okay. Exam. So what has happened? There's a word given promise. When you pray, you say God based on your word. I believe that I have received. So in your heart, inside you, in the natural, nobody sees it. But in your heart, God has already given it to me. I know that I have. I know that I have. Based on Mark 11, 24, 1 John 5, 15. I know that I, whatever I asked, based on his word. Then it's, he says, Mark 11, 24, going back to Mark 11, 24, and you will have them. So first you believe, then you receive. You believe, believing happens before receiving. First you believe, then you receive. That's how you exercise faith. Many of us are saying, I will believe after I receive. That is not Bible faith. Bible faith is you believe before you receive. And how can you believe? Very simple. With the heart, man believes. With the heart, man believes. Believes. Remember Romans 10 verse 10. With the heart, man believes. So you can't believe. You can believe that you receive. Even when you don't see it, you don't feel it is okay. Because believing is of the heart. And you believe before you receive. Believing happens before receiving happens. Or if you want to put it the other way, receiving happens after believing happens. So first we have to believe, then you will receive. Many people are waiting to receive, then they will believe. Like John, not John. Who is that? Thomas. Like Thomas. After I touch, then I will believe that Jesus rose from there. So that's Thomas kind of faith. But the Bible kind of faith is you believe before you receive. Because God has promised in his word. Because it's in the Bible. Because God said and God will not fail his word. Whatever God said is true. So with the heart, I believe. Right? So you pray and you receive by faith. Now the thing is this. To arrive at this place where you believe in your heart. That might take some time. Because faith has to rise. So what do you do? You spend time in the Word, you spend time in prayer. To come to this place where you believe that you receive. Sometimes it might take a few days, a few weeks, sometimes a few months. It's okay. But you stay in the Word of God. And you stay it before God. Until your heart comes to that place where you know that you have. Like how verse John 5.15 says, we know that we have. So I know I have. But you don't see it. Faith is the evidence of things not see. So I don't need to see it to believe it. I know I have it because I've come to that place of faith. Faith is the evidence of things not see. If I see it, then I don't need, I don't need faith because it's there. Right? So to come to that place of faith, it might take a little bit of time. You spend a few days in prayer and meditating in the Word. And before God say, God, this is what your Word says. I believe it. I know it will be done. I thank you Father for it. And you don't worry about it. But then you arrive at that place of faith. So until that time, you may be praying about the same matter over and over again. So it's okay. So some people ask that question. Is it alright to pray for the same thing more than months? Is it alright? So my answer would be, yeah, it's okay. Because the important thing is to come to that place of faith where you know that you have, where you believe that you receive. So in order to come to that place where it is settled in your heart, you may pray over a matter over and over again. You may spend time in the Word on that same matter. God, this is what your Word says. You said this. This is what you promised. And you're going over it in prayer. You're going over it in your meditation. And until your heart comes, it's okay, God, it's mine now. I believe I receive. I believe it's done. I don't have to worry about it now. God has spoken. It's done. So we have to be in line with the Word of God. So that's our first thing. It should be based on God's Word. If it is not based on God's Word and if it's not in the will of God, then there is no point even asking, right? Because example James chapter 4 verse 2, he says, You ask and you do not receive because you ask amiss. Hebrews James, right? James 4 verse 2, you ask and you do not receive because you ask, what is this? Verse 3, sorry. James 4 verse 3, you ask and you do not receive because you ask amiss. That means you're asking wrong. So we have to ask according to God's Word, in line with God's plan, will and purpose. If we ask outside of that, then the Bible says, we know something God's gonna grant. So that's our number one. It has to be based on God's Word. You start from there. This is what God has promised. If God has promised it, then definitely we are supposed to have faith for it to receive it. Then number two, be determined to have what God has promised. Number three, you fill your heart with the Word. Number four, we pray and we receive by faith. What was I saying at that time? So if you pray over a matter for some time, that's fine until you come to that place where you believe it. Why? So women's question is, why is faith? So we cannot say it's only faith that pleases God. There are a lot of other things. For example, obedience pleases God. For Samuel 15, 22, it says, obedience is better than sacrifice. For Samuel 15, 22. So obedience pleases God. For Samuel chapter 2 verse 30, honoring God pleases God. Those who honor me, I will honor. So there are many things that please God. When we walk in love, it pleases God. When we walk in holiness, it pleases God. But what the Bible does say is, without faith, Hebrews 11, 6, that's the verse we are talking about. Without faith, it is impossible to please God. Because Romans 14, whatever is not 14, 23, I think, I'll check it. Whatever is not of faith is sin. Romans 14, 23, whatever is not from faith is sin. That means all these other things are good. You know, obedience, holiness, showing mercy, compassion. All those things are good. They please God. But the Bible says, without faith, I cannot please God. Why? Because if it is not done in faith, it's no use. So everything I do, obedience, it has to come out of faith. It has to be done in faith. Okay? So there are many things that please God. But everything has to be done with the heart of faith in God. Okay? So we look at it from that. Okay. Let me just see if there are any questions on the online class. Is there any questions there? Oops. All right. Any questions from students who are online? Everyone's following me so far? All good? Any questions? Okay. Let's go back to the notes. I said, number five, next step in releasing or exercising faith in God is to speak our faith. Okay? Again, Jesus taught us this in many places. He said, one of the ways we release our faith is to speak our faith in many places. And we look at Mark 11, 22 and 23, well-known verses. Verse 22, Jesus answered, said to them, have faith in God. And then continued, verse 23, I say to you, whoever says to this mountain, be removed, be cast into the sea and there's no doubt in his heart, but believes that those things he says will be done. He will have whatever he says. So how do I exercise faith? I need to speak my faith. I need to speak out of a believing heart. So Jesus, don't doubt in your heart. You believe that what you say will come to pass. You will have what you say. So I go before God in my time of prayer and I say those words.  I declare such and such a thing to happen, you know, on based on the word of God. Okay? So you're saying with no doubt in your heart.  Now you're saying, you're declaring it. And again, some, you know, the question is, how often should I say it? Well, until the mountain moves, until you see the desired goal achieved. Keep saying it. Keep declaring it. Right? So why doesn't it happen when I say it once? It's because we are learning how to exercise faith and we need to grow in our faith. So don't get discouraged if you have to keep speaking to the mountain or keep saying the same thing. It's okay. You stand in it because you and I are growing in these things. We are learning and we're growing. Right? So it doesn't matter. We're coming to that place where, you know, we can be in a place of faith and we can speak and we'll see things done. But until such time, just keep speaking. Don't get discouraged. Okay? So you keep speaking to the mountain until the mountain moves. You keep speaking your desired result until you see that happen. You know, you exercise your faith and say, this is what God said. This is what God said. You know, I will not give up. Right? So keep declaring. Maybe it's to your life situation. Maybe it's a life challenge. Maybe it's a sickness that you're believing God to heal. You continue just to keep declaring the word. Then number six is you act in accordance to your faith. Right? So this is also something we learned earlier. You need to act in line with your faith. You keep doing whatever you do, whatever steps you can take, you take towards seeing that dream accomplished, you keep seeing that goal fulfilled. You keep taking steps of faith. Whatever you can do, keep taking, keep taking. You know, don't get discouraged. Keep taking those steps of faith. Keep acting in line with your faith. We saw Second Thessalonians chapter one verse 11, where God fulfills the work of faith with power.  So you do your work of faith and God will fulfill it with His power. And as you and I work our faith, what happens? By works, our faith is made perfect.  It's becoming mature. It's becoming strong. So you need to act your faith, keep acting a bit. Whatever steps you can take, you keep taking because by works, your faith is made perfect. Right? And without works, faith is dead. But as you keep doing whatever you can, your faith is brought to a place of maturity. Okay. We're going to pause here. We'll go for our tea break, coffee break, whatever break. We'll come back in 10 minutes. Any questions? Please feel free to ask. All right. So we'll be back in 10 minutes and we will continue this. Thank you.


Erin any sense of relief to know that you guys are playing Wednesday's wild card game at home. Oh, yeah You know once we knew we're gonna be in the wild card nuts That's huge getting home field advantage You know, especially what you guys saw what happened in them in the playoffs last year You know our fans they come out in numbers and a support as well when we play at home in the playoffs and We're looking for so excited that When you get that home run in the a did you know that that was number 264 for the team tying the 1997 Mariners for the record in a single season. No, I didn't I didn't that's that's exciting You know, we got a lot of guys on this team with a lot of thump and They've been you know doing it all year and especially once we had a void You know the past couple weeks after months what he's been doing for us has been huge So and now we tied the record was let's go out there and break it Aaron Hick said on the field We want this. I mean is there chatter in the clubhouse about that record a little bit like we talked about it Once we start getting closer, you know, especially early in the year when we kind of looked at our lineup and what type of you know firepower we had so It's great to tie and hopefully these next couple days. We can get a couple more I don't know if it was that one for you. Just the first one since you've been back that Signify anything. No, it's just another other Please to know that the power is in fact there Yeah, I just I've been worried about it's having quality of bats You know the power that stuff like that will come You know once I get risk keeps getting stronger So and I was just been worried about having quality of bats and you know swinging the right stuff That's one of the right pitches and I usually I'll get get a couple out He's a warrior he competes you can see it in his eyes You know from the minute he walks out on that mountain and start He just he's going out there. He wants to throw the first pitch in the last pitch of that game You know, he's just a type of guy. He is and he's got a lot of fire and that's who I want on the mound It's fun to play behind a guy like that. Did you have any idea? He was that type of competitor before he got here you could sense it when you played against him But you really don't get a good inside look at it until you actually get to play with a guy and watch how he works I prepares and it's it's a thing of beauty. It's it's pretty cool to see And you've got to experience what a postseason games were like at Yankee Stadium last year. What what makes that so special for you guys? Just a fan, you know, there's nothing like it. You know, it's I Really, I don't know if I could really describe, you know how they do it. It's they got some type of magic man coming to the jungle.  It's what you play for You


Welcome back to the 21 Convention Second Patriarch Edition, live in Orlando, Florida. Welcome to the 22 Convention. Welcome back to the 21 Convention, 2020 of Orlando, Florida, being held for the first time ever at our very first and inaugural 21 Summit event. Welcome to 21 Summit in Orlando, Florida. Well, here we go. We've risked, again, with the 22 Convention, the Patriarch and 21 Convention, all three stages together in one event. Not only did we sit down and say we're going to come together and meet in Mass, but we're going to take it a step further. We are going to dare have a conversation about the sexes openly, honestly, and engage the women that have been. Like, I am amazed that I'll win this one. We did a brand new event, we did the second Patriarch, and we did the main event for the 19th time. It's so much more than sitting in an audience watching a man on a stage. The conversations in the hallways. The connections that people make. The challenging, the collaborations. And that's what we need. It all starts with men. And it's not just men. That's what I like about this.  That's not it. This is about men getting their act together, doing what they're made to do. You had meals. You had to run security. You had to run travel plans. You had to ensure people were where they needed to be. Three stages, cameras everywhere. And it was pulled off with flawless execution. It's evolved so much. I really appreciate how Anthony has allowed you speakers to evolve and to grow and to share that and to encourage that with all the other men here. To hear so much talk on family and fatherhood. There's more depth. There's more room for who they could be. Is the word patriarch here patriarch offensive to you in any way? Not to me personally. Okay. Not at all. It's something that I cherish it. I love it. I grew up wanting it. You cherish the patriarch. I do. In mansplaining news, a three-day conference for women led by men hopes to make women great again. Women need to be taught how to be great again. Oh yes we do. It's like how to land a husband. How to lose weight.  Why do men think they need to fix the problems of women? Well it's as the world's ultimate event for women. In Orlando, Florida that's going to be the scene of the crime. It's mansplaining Palooza. You say no to the toxic bullying feminist dogma. Patriarchy is the future. It's good to see it in person. I'm just, until I got here and saw it and you can see the people in the audience you see the men that are here committed to listening. I mean it's just changed my idea of what the conference is. The professionalism, the staff, the way everything is organized. It's given me a different perspective about this particular idea and I'm ready to put some more fire into it. Welcome to Dream World ladies and gentlemen.


What is going on guys? It's your boy DPJ here today with another Destiny video. Now it was believed that there wasn't going to be any changes applied to weapons before the rise of iron. Everybody believed that there was gonna be like basically a massive patch after the rise of iron has dropped which would basically changed the way some of the weapons works or actually there will be a change to many of the weapons. Actually I think all the weapons especially the weapon archetypes across the board and now Bungie have just released a massive weapon tuning article which we will find linked in the video description but in this video we're going to go through it all. Now if you guys do enjoy the video do leave a like I do appreciate the support but let's just get straight into it and we're going to start with exotics and the Fabian strategy. Now this weapon will receive a buff kills this weapon now automatically load a portion of the magazine and increased base range by sixteen percent and stability by forty four percent. I'm going to have to get this out of all and try it out.  Moving on to the phone now it's actually nerfing the phone once again I cannot believe this is actually happening. What they're going to do is they're going to reduce base range by twenty five percent. That to me I mean it's not amazing in PvP now it's never going to be the weapon it once was but it's kind of disappointing we're going to see it nerfed again so base range on the phone is going to be reduced by twenty five percent. Moving on to a big weapon right here the universal remotes. Now this is going to receive a nerf as well the Exotic perk range bonus reduced by seventy five percent no longer guarantees maximum shotgun range that is unbelievable and increased rate of fire but lower damage as a secondary effect so I don't know how this will work like the range is reduced by seventy five percent when aiming down sights which is a part of the Exotic perk reduced by seventy five percent is massive that's crazy as it really is. Okay we're going to move on to the drugs promise now this is getting a buff increased damage by eight percent and increased magazine size by three the touch of malice now the touch of malice is self-damaged in friction now removes blessing of light so when you use that blessing of light bubble step out of it shoot urex this will apply damage to your blessing of the lights moving on to the boolean Gemini added intrinsic perk to high caliber rounds moving on to the no time to explain added intrinsic perk head seeker well now we're going to talk about a weapon type sniper rifles so these are the things changing to them reduced damage on mid to high impact sniper rifles basically they're 1000 yards their family and they're reducing damage by six point nine five percent mid to high impact snipers can no longer reliably kill high armor guardians in super okay no land beyond is not affected by this damage reduction reduce the target acquisition for LDR 5001 the lung ball synthesis to bring in line with other snipers in the same family they talk about aim deflection aka flinch you get the drop an enemy sniper reduced him down a pixel of his life right before you pull the trigger for the last bullet to exit your scout rifle's chamber you see a glint and hear the sound of your head turning to mush you raise your fist in the air and release a silent scream as to not to wake the baby with these changes we want to give your primary weapon a better chance at contesting sniper rifles this is great in my opinion increased the starting strength for aim deflection aka flinch when players take damage while sculpting from 30% starting to 50% starting with every subsequent hits the strength of deflection increases until you hit 100% max deflection overall sniper ADS aim deflection multiplayer increased by 1.9 times was 1.85 times moving on to auto rifles with new auto rifles being introduced with the rise of iron play test reveals a decrease in the importance of reloading higher rate of fire auto rifle users had enough bullets for multiple encounters we do not want players feeling starved for ammo but creating an opening for opponents to attack is an important part of the combat dance for destiny middle rate of fire autos also received a small damage boost to help with damage fall off but the resultant damage does not drastically change its time to kill reduce the maximum magazine size for the highest rate of auto rifle family basically all weapons in the doctrine of passing family increased damage to middle rate of fire auto rifles by 1.5% moving on to shotguns whilst strong against combatants fast firing shotguns have generally experienced low up time in PVP the following changes are meant to sweeten the value proposition starting with everyone's favourite ties in class setup the immobius the crease spread of Titan class shotgun in ADS 0.1 zoom factor increase increased base stability by 60% reduce spread angle penalty on shotguns with the perk full auto infective is not being affected increased high rate of fire and middle low rate of fire shotgun damages by 2% I just thought we're gonna see a conspiracy theory nerf here but I have not mentioned the one moving on to pulse rifles and with higher rate of fire pulse rifles being strong contenders in the crucible we put our lens on a mid and low rate of fire pulse rifle models nudging them slightly forward whilst still maintaining pulses around the free burst kill increased rate of fire for the hackers pulse rifle the lurid melody mine increase the damage for the middle rate of fire pulse rifle family aka the no wins mercy family and they will receive a 2% damage increase moving on to sidearms a unified damage for all sidearm types increased damage for existing hacker sidearm families by 3% for lower rate of fire and 7% for higher rate of fire decreased damage for none hits scan sidearms by 5% for vesting dynasty and Queens choice minor extension of damage for all of point for sidearms across the board plus 0.5 meters mine increase of stability for sidearms across the board added damage bonus in pve 20 to 30% depending on combatant tier to accumulate two new fast-firing sidearm families releasing the rise of iron all current sidearm ratified bars will be slightly shorter this is so that we have more space to display the ratified differentiation does not change the actual rate of fire though just a step by representation moving on to rocket launchers and this is what they say while super satisfying cluster bombs are not always super reliable at times the bombs land inches after effective range and hit for single-point damages grenades and horseshoes by far the most popular rocket launcher per while decreasing the chance that a rocket misses it also removes and reduces many of the interesting combat prediction elements that make the weapon archetype interesting to play by making cluster bomb more reliable and grenades and horseshoes are less effective we hope to mix up the rocket launcher perk section and inject a bit more technique into the archetype increased effective range and the explosions for the cluster bomb perk and the grenades and horseshoes perk activation radius reduced by 1.3 basically a meter they're staying here and truth will not be affected by this change moving on to machine guns and a high rate of fire family of machine gun really hits the fantasy when it comes to face mounting crowd control weapons increasing their damage per second will also help me shine in other scenarios too basically bus battles increased damage and the highest rate of fire machine guns by 4% moving on to hand cannons now they state you will only find small bug fixes for the 2.4.0 patch for this weapon category however a preview to rise of iron new limited low rate of fire hand cannons have a higher maximum possible range that giving players a reason to choose that type of weapon so they fixed an issue where the hand cannon Zowley's Bayon rate of fire stat will display incorrectly fixed an issue with a taking king vanguard and arms they hand cannons down and doubts kuma k-talk stats would display incorrectly moving on to fusion rifles only small bug fixes here accelerated coils correctly reflects damage reduction now on the UI stat bars no change to gameplay effect fixed an issue where stat bars and detection rage displayed incorrectly now moving on to changes come to perks take a knee now activates after 0.5 seconds of crouching added flinch reduction 25% and increased aim down sight speed by 25% exhumed added an extra plus five seconds of total effect so 15 seconds total cascade functional change melee kills automatic reload a portion of the magazine surplus now increases carried ammo capacity grave rubber increased activation change to 25% it was 20% gorilla fighter increased ability and ranged bonuses by 200% think of it as a bonus hammer forge and perfect balance when a perk activates magazine perks magazine perks now give range bonuses reduced impact stat bonuses that had no effect on base damage and only on a UI on the PC rounds adds plus four range reduces minus four handling high caliber rounds adds plus three range reduces minus five handling skip rounds adds plus five range reduces minus three handling adds plus five inventory on flinching the critical efficiency of the perk from 25% flinch reduction to 15% flinch reduction and as a final off a state there are some bugs that require a more careful rollout that can be achieved through a small update the stakes are much higher when the issues lie deep within the foundation of the destiny engine this bug has been an incredible difficult one to fix and test we hope that we got this time and its firefly possible fix for the crash related to special effects triggered by the firefly perk and that is it guys that is all what they say about the 2.4.0 weapons update patch but guys I hope you enjoyed the video tell me what you think about it down below in that comments section thanks for stopping by as always do drop a like I do appreciate the support and I'll catch you on that next one


So the evidence you use to answer your teacher question is evidence agreed upon ahead of time. That if you want to know, for example, if that turner is a hero, then you want to have evidence in there that kids have to work with, right, about that. So that turner's confession, right, a list of people who are killed during his raid and teachers are going, kids are looking at going, I can see why I want to do it, but, oh, there was little kids, babies who were killed as partners. What is that, you know, how to grapple with that? So it forces, the question forces also the lesson to be deeper, I think, because you have to build into the lesson places where evidence will be generated to analyze. Well, as Stan said, it's sort of a perfect medium for bringing historical knowledge into the classroom because one really cannot do topic-free, subject-free, content-free lesson study. It has to be about something. And so as teachers develop their lesson, they are often going back to the drawing board and making sure that they understand the history very well. They're often considering which documents or images are they going to be presenting to their students and therefore they're doing quite a lot of research. So their content knowledge is being very well developed throughout the process. Despite that, it wasn't our big first goal with it, but through lesson study, teachers are delving into content much more deeply. They're learning more content. Because the process of writing a lesson that is appropriate for lesson study, that is one that's, as you described, focused, that is sort of well coordinated between the research question that has to then, and the student question which then has to be answerable, you're setting up a kind of a tight structure for a lesson. And teachers have to be able to get to the essential of the matter and to learn to be concise. And as you know as an historian, you have to know a lot to be able to get the point across concisely. Part of learning history or becoming more thoughtful history is not just the content, it's the thinking that goes with it. So understanding history is a subject that has interpretation, that has ideas of significance, that works with evidence. So as you begin to debate among a group of teachers, what topic you're going to teach, it's really a question about historical significance. Why is this topic worth teaching to you? Why is it worth spending time on? I think that's another piece of the content. Because I would add historical thinking to historical content as a whole piece. So it's not only that teachers are trying to encourage their students to develop historical habits of mind, but they themselves are cultivating their own historical thinking. Then what we learned over the first couple of years was the teachers were very used to planning lessons. And so they spent a lot of time planning lessons. And one of the problems with a challenge lesson study is there's only a certain amount of time, people have time to collaborate. You can do something for a certain amount of days, but you can't get everything together for a long time. It's got to move reasonably quickly through the process of planning. So they spent a lot of time planning, but the part which was the most powerful, the analysis part, got short shrift. So we kind of produced a video where we followed a couple groups of teachers, fifth grade, through the analysis part, to give teachers an image of what that looked like. And so here's where we're headed. So we got to get there, right? So that's been very helpful. But we've kind of tweaked and added to it all through the seven or eight years now to kind of take each step like this. At Carol, there's a planning step, and then there's a teaching step, there's an observation step, and then there's an analysis step, to go, okay, in each part of that, in each point along the way, work we deepen, experience so it becomes professional development in each part.


Victor Wimanyama the French Phenom prospect will obviously be going number one overall to San Antonio. Measuring in at around 7-4 with a 7-9 wingspan, a one of a kind physical profile. There's just so many layers to his game, there's really not much that he can't do. His self-creation and ball handling, especially for his size, his shot creation, his ability to score on all three levels, playmate. Defensively, he's on another planet because of his length and his mobility and agility he's able to defend almost anybody on the floor at any level. I am not worried about his slim build or physique because one, he doesn't have an injury history at all. He's young and he will bulk up over time like we saw Yanis do when he got into the league and even if he doesn't, he has so much length that will make up for it, that's why he was able to win MVP of the French League this year. For a player comp, honestly, good luck because he is that one of a kind. If anything, I'll go to Slenderman, so do not be worried about him. Sometimes things are too good to be true, but he really is just that good.


The right to vote is a privilege that we as service members fight to defend every day. Lieutenant Commander Robert Spencer takes us through the voting process and why it's important. We all have a vested interest in this. We get to choose our boss, the President of the United States. For service members serving overseas, there's more than one way to obtain a ballot to cast their vote. The easiest way is a paper request. You fill out the register. Then we send it in the mail. They'll eventually send you back a ballot or the alternative is to go to the website www.fvap.gov and they'll walk you through the process of registering and when you register they'll send you a ballot. There is still plenty of time to obtain a ballot before the November Presidential election. Petty Officer Andrew Lavin, Diego Garcia.


The formidable Roma. Another Christmas special, but this turns out to be the last known Christmas special before they officially carried on the holiday theme. This one felt more like a season finale than anything but a Christmas special. According to a document uploaded from the company that was making the series, Overdose Studios. The company was on thin ice due to the cutbacks, recent episodes of Mortimer's Manor and some suspiciously sketchy things the companies were doing to make the episode seemingly for all ages, which bombed horribly. The episode started, not with the usual festive theme. It started with an ominous drum in the background as it shone a new title, Krampus a Mortimer's Manor Christmas. This time, the camera zoomed out of the Manor and into the South Pole, there, was the cave of the mysterious Krampus. Mortimer was sitting on another huge chair with Krampus. Krampus would start off speaking by any moment.  Imagine if Satan and all of the ruthlessly evil Morbid and Gothic villain got mixed together into one voice. Krampus started off, his voice echoing through the caves. Greetings ghouls and creeps. I am Krampus, the rightful opposite of the so-called Santa Claus. If you're all good, I'll leave you be. But if not... His face leaned close. He had very sunken eyes. His features were half man, half goat, like a beast. He was hunched over, making him look menacing. Then I'll take you here. He said firmly. Then, Mortimer started off. As you can see, we've got our special guest storyteller Krampus. He would be taking over and telling this chilling tale. Go for it. You have the spotlight. Mortimer said, as Krampus grabbed a big black book and sat it on his lap. Allowed. Echoed in the caverns. This tale features me, and a story called, Call. The screen fades in and then shows a house during Christmas Eve at night. Everyone was sleeping, except for one. The uncle, Kirk, who was the only one awakened. He got up as he tried to get some water when he noticed that the stocking had something in it. He didn't bother it and went to the bathroom. When he came back, something was peeking through the shadows. The uncle made a mad dash into his room. It's when the uncle heard footsteps creaking, groaning, and heavy thuds of heavy hooves. The door slowly creaked as Krampus peaked in. There was a loud, Krampus looked at the note and reads quietly. Sorry, the cook has got bent on accident. Krampus was noticeably angry and went to the stockings. The uncle looked through the keyhole. He noticed Krampus shoved his hand into the stocking, obviously putting something in it. Some loud shuffling was heard. But then, Krampus grabbed his sack and went to the kids' rooms. Two loud screams were heard before the same heavy footsteps were heard, going to the parents' room. The uncle could only stare in horror as two more screams were heard, then silence. The uncle went outside the next morning and checked. What the uncle found was horrifying. He found the mum and dad's bodies wrapped around the tree, with blood accompanied around it. Their faces only of paused horror. The uncle checked the kids' rooms. No one. Then he noticed something written in black cursive writing and reads it. Dear Kirk, you've been a good man this year. For this, I've spared your life, but your family have all been very bad. For this, they are punished equally. I noticed the kids got cold from Santa. He told me right away to do what was necessary. Take this present. Krampus. Kirk grabbed the present. He unwrapped it. He couldn't believe it. Sitting in the box was the one thing the uncle wanted the most, a bottle of Jack Daniels. He popped the crack, sat on the chair amongst the dead bodies of his family and drank his Jack Daniels. He turned to the window and said, Cheers Krampus. It slowly pans out to show Krampus giving a nod before flying off, ending the episode. It fades in and shows the two. Wow, and I thought Santa was the killer. Mortimer said as the two cackled at the dark joke. Well, you know what they say, instigator of bad kids. He said proudly. And so my friends, I'm afraid the Christmas portion of the specials are done. But fear not, there are more festive screams and ghoulish tales during the holiday season. Till then. Krampus got up and smiled evilly at the screen. Merry Christmas. His voice, dripping with evilness but a sense of Christmas joy as the screen fades to black. As mentioned, something fishy seemed to be going on with the companies as they seemed hesitant to air the episodes. This felt like the robotronical renaissance all over again. Some even said this was like the time Jim Henson did The Land of Gorge during SNL in the early days. Others said it was like the Andrew Dice Clay incident from the same show all over again. Whatever the case, the Christmas specials may be over, but there are still more to unpack.


All right, this is my quarantine announcement. I'm going to be doing a reading revolution. As you know, I live in Northern California This is my self imprisonment social distancing and a slow economy and more than just a recession There's lack of clarity chaos. It's a chokehold. Especially if you watch the news I'm gonna have plenty of time and discipline toward freedom I do not live in the big cities So I do exercises outside twice a day and we could weather the storm at the same time and join the storm short-selling It's time to turn on the Tuber Booster schools out in colleges heavily overpriced most likely a useless degree Unless it's a specialization schools are being destroyed. It might be a good thing. I won't mention that Mark Twain quote It's time to pump out more positivity and relaxing techniques None of this toilet paper panicking and in the time of crisis It is a tough and the nomads who would do well none of this mindless entertainment board is boring It's the era of lean and mean and here's some of the books I'm gonna read it's a fairly strict order and I may add another if the book is bad I will make it short maybe or not even do it links are down below to the Amazon Kindle purchases Which support the channel and you can add them to your dismay or your wishlist, whatever. All right I'll be reading triggered his shoe surfing the Great Influenza Staycation big debt crisis Kobe Bryant mama mentality power of less that will never work the birth of Netflix the Coddling of the American mind fooled by randomness and black swan by Nassin Taleb And during this time, I'll be reading about 800 pages a day One to three books a day and it depends on what I'm doing outside as well. Join me Don't waste your time. You can sleep eight hours and do 16 hours of doing something else something productive Don't waste time on the news TV Twitter political debates Instagram hotties that will never reply back watching e-girls on Twitch sleeping listen to the sleeping elephant not that it's living proof That mills have failed. They're at spring break. It's time to work read and chill Let the crisis be nature finds a way I'm staying local exercising every day eating reading and a bit of video games a few movies and shows Not much of a staycation But a gocation and time to take action as well as make more announcements I do not take book requests and I will be answering all questions in the comments field during this time So feel free to give me a comment at any point during any of these books And let's see if you could read more than me I'll take the lead in the reading revolution and it's not like I haven't done this before there's always work You could create it. It's a roaring twenties and we're gonna begin it very slow Cool and it's the bear market and what it releases So I'm super chilling here in the back cave or bear cave. Whatever you want to call it Let's put effort to the max. It's time for the Mark Twain pause. It's a game For Musashi's doka-dots number 13 do not pursue the taste of good food hence restaurants Check out all the links down below as well as take the time to read and see more content and this should be fun


protest and express our dissatisfaction over government policy and happenings in the state. As you today voice of the Nigerian youth, we hereby call on all youth in those states to remain calm and peaceful. We wish to condemn the riot that was witnessed across the city center yesterday which led to disruption of business activities, destructing of bank facility which includes buildings, automated teller machines, ATM, cars of individuals, point of sales stands popular known as POS. And for those that are that sustain injuries and the three youths that lost their lives, we sympathize outwardly with their families and appeal for calm as violence is not and has never been an option in conflict resolution. Why we decry the continous scarcity of the new Niran notes? I appeal to the governor of the central bank of Nigeria, Mr. Godwin Imefele, to immediately disboz money Niran notes into circulation as directed by the president of the federal republic of Nigeria. In this address to the nations this morning's sustained day of February 2023, mandating the APES bank to immediately make the bo 200 Niran notes available for use until 10 April 2023. This according to the president will alleviate the sufferings of citizens, the people should not be at this time be put in the state of discomfort and hardship like the masses are currently facing.