One Flaming Hot Mountain Dew a Day keeps the doctor away.  I'm surprised you're not dead yet. Today's episode is sponsored by The Dark Room. So here's the deal. The other day my girlfriend Monica and I got in an argument about who's hotter, me or her. After not resolving anything, I needed some time away to cool off and contemplate my actual hotness versus my perceived hotness.  After all we've been trying to go to this place called Bodie State Park for like the better half of an eternity at this point. Last time we were up there it was hella closed but now it should be open and we're gonna go shoot it on film because that's how gangsters do it. But since we ended up spending a couple days up in the area, this video will just have to be the long-awaited sequel to Shooting Film in the Sierra, a video that I made when this channel was still good. Of course who could forget on my first Sierra trip I took probably my most famous photo, the toilet.  We had a bunch of abandoned and landscape locations on the map to hit and what better vehicle to get us there than the old 1990 blueberry. After a long drive we arrived at our first location, an abandoned farm.  Speaking of cameras and my uncontrollable addictions, what cameras were I riding off into the midday sun with? As you may know I'm not very good at limiting myself to a minimal amount of gear. So I brought my Canon AE-1, my Leica M6, my Yashica T4, and my pink Polaroid 600. The AE-1 I basically didn't really end up using and the pink Polaroid might as well have been unused as well. I think I'm starting to realize that two cameras is really about all I need for stuff like this. Maybe I should get that tattooed on my neck as a reminder. Anyway I loaded up some film in the direct sunlight yet again and got to work producing some shots that I guess are fine. Look at this round as the warm-up. Not that my s*** is any better later but do it anyway. I do think these shots maybe would have been better suited for pushed HP5. Adding a rough and grainy texture to the images seems like it would have paired nicely with the subject matter. That. I'm going to take a picture of that. That was a nice catch too. But then again you try shooting 1600 ISO in the middle of the day. It's also worth mentioning I was shooting with a yellow filter as well because I don't even want the color blue in my black and white shots and it helps cut through the blue haze over the distant mountains in the background a bit more which is nice. After finally confirming that the premises were indeed abandoned besides the usual desert rabbits and souls of the damned with unfinished business trapped within the confines of the property we decided to ignore all warning signs and head inside and that ladies and gentlemen is where the real magic was you know aside from there being bird s*** everywhere. I soon threw my Voigtlander 12 millimeter lens onto the M6 for some true wide angle shots as I'm starting to grow more accustomed to shooting ultra wide on interiors. So here's the first toilet photo. It's good. It's not the best photo or place that I've shamefully taken a dump but it's not a bad start. Here's the same toilet on the Sumacron versus the Voigtlander ultra wide. Eventually we grew kind of tired of the farmhouse and decided to check out something we weren't entirely sure was even going to be there. A house tucked away next to some sand dunes. Luckily for us it was hotter than balls out so we definitely were super down to hike in blazing hot sand in search of this long lost gem. After first thinking it was simply a mirage we at last stumbled upon the ruins of a house buried away in the sand. You weren't wrong. You weren't wrong. It's actually really cool. The wind started to pick up a bit which was not good considering that we two shells of human beings were standing inside the shell of a building so we hiked it back now with sweaty backs and butt cracks. Speaking of things that make me sweaty this shot it's surprisingly great and candid if you can believe that but then again nothing is candid if you believe in destiny. Anyway the car was right where we left her blocking the road completely. Okay so the Canon AE1 thing I suppose I should come clean. I was actually using it for something. It had a roll of air chrome in it but the roll was quite old and it didn't turn out. Sometimes that just happens with expired film. The good news is I only cried for about 36 hours alone in my room about it. Anyway up the road was one of the best locations that we had stumbled upon and by best I mean a completely abandoned murder shack s*** bolt which is exactly what we were looking for. It feels rare to me to be able to find locations like this that aren't you know totally bombarded with spray painted dicks everywhere. Maybe just the occasional Lana Del Ray song or whatever. So when we do find good locations like this we take our time and we make sure we don't miss catching anything. Like as best as particles. I'm quite happy with these shots especially this one taken on gold on the T4. While I wish the lens was maybe a little bit wider I think the colors and story it tells are quite vivid. Here's the same angle on the 12 but I actually think this alternate worked better for black and white. I'm not too sure how this house got destroyed. It was certainly missing walls on the backside and since it was next to a river the ambiance was quite nice. It certainly beats the hell out of the occasional wood creek from the other room that makes you think someone is still living there and loves the taste of frightened little film photographers. It's kind of funny to me shooting abandoned interiors because I kind of take the same approach as if I was photographing interiors for a real estate listing like shooting with wide angle lenses to make the room seem more spacious.   Anyway we couldn't find a toilet or bathroom at all on the premises so one can only imagine why the owner is moved. As the sun was hostile away going the f*** out we raced to a familiar location that we had previously shot on large format. Oh my god it smells like sh** over here. So last time I was here I took an 8x10 shot from right about here 8 pretty fast so I kind of had to set up in a hurry and now we've got plenty of time so I'm gonna shoot it in a bunch of different formats see what looks the best. There's a little bit of light hitting it right now and it's just perfect except for the fact someone took a dump over there. Thanks guy. With time to burn I decided to shoot some old Polaroid 600 film from the days when Polaroid was chill and gave you a full 10 shots so I loaded up the old Pepto Bismol 600. I had shot some of this 600 film last year and they looked super cool in their expired state. Very orange. Unfortunately the Polaroid did not turn out. The chemicals didn't spread at all. Here we go.  If only Jason's windshield was not this dirty I could be able to focus past the windshield. Bro I cleaned it. I don't know what's going on there's just hella dead bugs. Hella dead bugs. Hella bugs that want to die. In Bishop we stopped at our usual hotel because without us visiting every year how could they possibly stay in business. After a quick toilet inspiration check that yielded nothing we headed out to get alcohol so that we could drink alone in our room like two grown men with nothing better to do. Check out this hot meme. Did you take a shower before you left?  I gotta pour it in a glass maybe let me have some. You want some? Do you like um it tastes like sour blueberries. We also decided to do a totally unbiased drunk test of which Leica is heavier the standard m6 or the titanium m6. This one this one's heavier. This one's heavier? Yeah. This is mine. Okay hands out. We woke up at around noon with a hangover as big as my inferiority complex. Okay man you are up next. Shower is all yours. Uh huh. You need it. Thus we decided to heal ourselves with some all-natural barbecue at our favorite spot in the valley. After all today was the big day. The day that we finally get to see Bodie State Park in all of its ghost town glory. Haven't got mine yet. Would certainly be nice to have meat sweated out all the bourbon before we get there. Eventually we arrived at the place we'd call tight 340 consecutive times for the next four hours. Bodie State Park.   The harsh contrasty look was well suited for the deteriorating setting. This is one of the first photos I took and I really like it even if you don't.  I think this is my favorite shot. It just feels really moody and ghost town-esque. Unlike these shots where there are clearly other visitors in frame. I don't know. I'll probably just tell my future children that they were ghosts that only appeared when the film was developed. I also had my Yashica T4 with me loaded with some Kodak gold but I'm not really doing backflips or anything over how cool these shots look. Mostly because I can't actually backflip. Eventually I grew tired of T-Max 400 and decided to risk it all and take a chance on me just as Abba always wanted. So I threw in some bougie industrial 100.  Yeah that stuff. I did not have high expectations for this roll of industrial. I pretty much just slapped it in Leica because it was 20 shots per roll and I'd be done with it right around magic hour but damn did they blow my expectations out of the water. I love these shots. The colors are just so bougie for better or for worse. Insert another vague generalization here. The blues and the greens and the reds pretty much just turn the f*** up for these shots. Especially this beautiful vista that makes the sky and rolling green hills look like something from a Studio Ghibli movie. I also like this shot quite a bit. The colors are majestic and this guy awkwardly doesn't know what to do with the camera pointing at him. He must be a photographer himself. As we hit it up the hill I took these shots of Caleb and I think they're really good because I think they're more about the setting and not so much the subject and they display strong colors and yeah Caleb is just reloading his camera not playing with himself. I think this kind of reinvigorated my love for bougie stocks. There really is something about how the greens are rendered on bougie film.  As we descended back down to the car I actually took this shot twice one with sunlight and one with cloud cover and I consider it one of my best from the day. The only problem is I can't decide which one I like more. The colors are just incredible but I struggle with indecision. Back at the car we decided our work was not quite done and we're going to do another pass of a different part of the town as the light started to get more swag-tastic. I knew in my plums that there was really only one film stock for the job and it was definitely Roly Bario Chrome. You may have never heard of Roly Bario Chrome before and I'm here to tell you it's basically just a real-life cheat code to make any of your photos look good. Bario Chrome is basically just expired ectochrome but in a very warm and comforting way if that makes sense which it doesn't. So apparently according to the information pamphlet only 5% of the original town's buildings are still standing which doesn't really explain why of all things this outhouse is still around unless the builder of it poured their heart and soul into building a s*** or so well engineered that it would withstand the test of time. Anyway these shots on Bario Chrome look incredible as per usual. I know it's not everyone's cup of afternoon yeager but I'm more of a bourbon man myself anyway. I really like the shot of the telephone pole leaning over the buildings. I think the lighting is very nice and the colors are very warm and golden. It feels like a very cool collaboration between a spaghetti western and Edward Hopper. This shot of Caleb deserves an honorable mention as well. I don't really remember taking it but it turned out quite moody and immersive as if Caleb's a predator staring down its prey which kind of made me feel like I played a barbecue for a second. That's a wrap on Bodi. Shot a lot of good stuff. Get the film back but hopefully shot a lot of good stuff. Eventually we left our favorite location and stumbled across a herd of sheep as well as a very good boy defending them. Something my dog Baxter could learn a thing or two about. Anyway I took this photo on gold but it's not really that good. We checked into our room for the night and immediately we're struck with inspiration. That's right folks. Lightning struck twice. It was beautiful and all of its porcelain pink grandeur. You literally couldn't ask for a more photogenic place to leave a meaty barbecue 12 pounder.  Slightly ahead of myself with the outing we had just had I decided to go against my own programming and load some Cinestill 800T with a chocolate 2 filter on the lens. We set forth on the town in search of dreamy lighting and Pulitzer Prize winning tones. Pretty happy with these shots. I think 800T needs even more light than what I was giving it though. The photos were pretty grainy but the colors were a different take than the usual warm tones baked into some photographic Kodak lines and that I appreciated. As we wandered through a playground with cameras which was probably not our best idea. The light was starting to transform nicely and we found an abandoned market. I actually really like this shot of the motel sign. The colors are skank-tastic in a way that I wouldn't normally go for. Especially the sunset light hitting the mountain in the background and Caleb thought so too. As nighttime dropped like testicles we decided to lean hard into the cliche of shooting neon signs and gas stations on Cinestill 800T. Unfortunately the inn that we were staying at only kept their sign on for like 30 seconds so we'd have to plan a little bit better next time if we wanted to catch it. It almost kind of felt like they were mocking us. Luckily some other places in the area had their lights on and it was time to slay some teas. 800 of them to be exact. The town we were in is actually quite small so night shooting only lasted maybe an hour or so. Thus when we got back to the room we decided to shoot a bourbon commercial. I figured now was as good a time as I need to try shooting some more of that expired Polaroid that came out like a sludgy mess. After all I have bad glam days too so I was willing to forgive. But anyway there was really nothing I could do to bring these expired Polaroids back from the grave. So instead of feeling my sad feelings about these Polaroids I decided to stuff my emotions deep down and bury them with my Yoshika T4 because materialism is real folks.  By that hesitation? I don't think you have. I mean do you plan on taking one? Why don't you take a shower? I already have taken a shower. I'm clean. Anyway it was another late night of two dudes taking pictures of a toilet which made for a slow morning. Luckily we got out somewhat early to check out some spots that looked interesting on Google Maps but in reality were total voids of good photography. Regardless I loaded up the M6 with T-Max 400 hoping for the best because you can probably tell I'm a huge optimist. Well what do you know? I took one photo there and it was an absolute banger for once. There was inside this weird army trailer thing that looked like someone had camped out inside of it for a second. The door blowing in the wind definitely added to the creepy ambiance. After that we said f*** it life is short and full of taxes. Let's head north and see what we find. Finally arrived at several abandoned buildings and decided to do our best impressions of a road worker via a trick that was picked up by the one and only Nick Carver. This place was cool and certainly abandoned but I don't really think I got anything good from my shots here except of course for the fact that we looked totally f***able in our high vis vests. Back at the hotel we decided to rest our weary souls after a good 10 hours of sleep and not really doing anything that morning. I took the shot of some evening light hitting the curtains behind Caleb and it's very moody. I can't complain. I need to throw this in my portfolio instantly. Whatcha doing over there? Whatever anybody tells you you are worth it okay? Thanks man. Thanks. I needed that. I also need barbecue.   My nose is burning. Go take a shower. I need you to take a shower. Take a shower. Fine. I'll do it. For you. I'll do it. I'll take a shower okay? A shower. A hot steamy soapy shower. Okay? A hot shower. You know what I'm talking about? You didn't take a shower. Go take a shower. You stink. I can smell you. From here.  Eventually it was time to shoot. We felt it in our bowels but that might have been the barbecue making a break for it. I don't know. Our first stop was certainly off the beaten path. A couple of farmhouses that were stripped of their bare hardwood foundations. This shot is pretty nice. The lighting patterns and texture of the building make it quite moody but I don't know if I'd qualify it as a full shot in my own eyes. It's still missing something like a well-defined subject or a roof. You know against all odds this bathtub was not totally destroyed or gross. In my travels to many abandoned locale I've found that people enjoy blowing them up. Not like leaving the standard floater in a bathtub but like with dynamite. I mean look at the toilet next to it. It's definitely a trend. So imagine my surprise when I came across this beauty still in pristine condition ready for its next user. So naturally I stripped down and plopped my gaping wide 12 millimeter lens on my Leica M6 and shot it. But the photo was unmentionably bad so we can just forget this ever happened right. I think at this point in the day I was still in a bit of a funk from earlier and I wasn't producing the kind of work that I was hoping to. But hey we've all been there. So we moved on down the dirt road of life to a historical farmhouse that was going to deliver exactly what daddy needed. That sweet nectar of inspiration. Inside the building the lighting was crashing through the only window there casting this beautiful highlight across the floor on the wall and suddenly I realized I could finally get it up again. The camera to my face I mean. I shot on both the 12 and the 35 millimeter and the 12 millimeter is definitely better. I think if this one stud wasn't around I'd probably go with this one which is ironically exactly what the girl I asked to prom told me. We eventually moved on to a barn that we had shot before but not in these lighting conditions. In fact in literally sh** conditions because I still don't know what this brown sludge is and I'm starting to worry. This shot actually turned out really good my dudes. I don't think I consciously snapped the photo as the birds were crossing but I'm glad I did. It really turned an average photo into something that I consider quite good. The L filter and T-Max certainly did their part as well. In fact they did most of it. I'm loosely credited as the jackass that was barely strong enough to hold up his M6 and point it in the right direction. As we wrapped up there I loaded some Cynestal 800T once again with a chocolate 2 filter hoping that my photos would at least be creative. We eventually headed quite a bit up the mountain to a lakeside spot that was very peaceful. This shot on the Ishika T4 and Kodak Gold is everything to me. The image looks like an old faded painting from the 1800s that someone forgot about like in their attic because it's generally unremarkable and really not worth a second glance and that's the vibe that I really want for my work. In fact Kodak Gold really delivered here. This shot of the bench is also quite nice. Anyway after drinking some water from the lake I realized I don't know if 800T with a chocolate filter is really working for me. The colors are quite different but in some cases I think it looks cool. Like this shot. I think my main issue is that it seems to turn golden sunlight into possum piss yellow and I'm not 100% in love with it. At its core it's a tungsten balance film so maybe I'm just wrong to assume I can ever shoot it in true daylight. We eventually got back to the hotel room and the sign was on for a minute. This was our chance. Our final chance at a polter prize winning neon sign banger. We didn't know the necessary deeper symbolism behind the image yet so we'll just have to figure that out later. It's time to shoot some heat. This shot right here is totally it. It's the one. It may be because I shot it on the Voigtlander 12mm but the other shots didn't really tickle the taint in the same way. You know what I mean? After all was said and done we decided to break into the bourbon yet again. After all we accomplished something that day. I don't know what because we didn't do much but we left the hotel room so I guess that's worth celebrating. The next morning I made my peace with the fact that these polaroids were not going to do anything.  With that in mind we headed back to reality aka LA with a few more stops in mind as the clouds were rolling in. Further down the road we saw another abandoned farm from the highway and found a sketchy but I guess efficient route to get to it. It was certainly windy here and I don't really think I got anything good. I was definitely just in the grind mindset to finish my 800T. If I were to make an observation about this shot I'd say the shape of the building kind of reminds me of the Jawa Droid transport from Harry Potter. As the day moved forward I was happy knowing that I'd finished my last role and I could call this video a wrap but guess what mother f***er life had other plans. Caleb and I spotted a remote building from the road that definitely looked abandoned and so we decided to investigate knowing full well that if we encountered hostiles we could probably barter our cameras instead of you know favors in exchange for safe passage back to the highway. Luckily for us no one was home and it looks as if the place had long been abandoned so I loaded up an emergency roll of tmax 400 and got down to pimpin. After slamming some exterior shots on the sumacron and yellow filter I threw on the Voigtlander 12 and that's when things got really downright nasty. Unfortunately the 12 is only a five six speed lens so in low light situations like this it was definitely going to be a bit of a struggle but if photography isn't a struggle is it even worth it? Do you need to go open that? This shot is absolutely interior photography heaven at least for me. The 12 millimeter really shines here and the tmax 400 makes the scene look quite dramatic.   We entered the final building and it was certainly a gem to behold. At places like these I often wonder who was the last person to use the stove to make a quesadilla? Shooting everything at 115th that is not the way to live your life. Did they have internet and if so what was the last video that they watched and why is it a thousand percent likely that it's either a disastrous cave exploration video or Mr. Beast? This is what we enjoy doing with our time. I don't particularly remember what this was but it wasn't a body at least I'm pretty sure it's not like I was gonna check.  The lighting wasn't really gonna improve and I didn't think we would possibly be able to top this gem of a location so I chugged some water to fight off the hangover and we headed home with many rolls of film ready to be developed. And speaking of developing I'd like to thank today's sponsor the Dark Room. I've been using the Dark Room for the past four years or so and they've been an absolute gem of a company to make sure that all my work will come out on time and exactly how I want it. The Dark Room is a traditional dip and dunk lab that develops C41 E6 and black and white film all in-house. As well if you're looking for prints they also offer a wide variety of print options including true black and white prints on ilford silver gelatin paper. Best of all you can have those dreamy film tones scanned at three different resolutions for further image customization. Once scanned they are uploaded to your account on the darkroom.com and the film is of course mailed back to you. You can even access your uploaded scans on your phone via the darkroom app. It's quick and convenient. The darkroom's online ordering is fast simple and even provides prepaid shipping options for you to send your film in for development. Simply go to the darkroom.com or download the darkroom app to get started available on apple and android. In the end it was yet another solid road trip with the homie. Admittedly I don't think we'll be back out in the eastern seara anytime soon. We're growing kind of tired of doing it. The 395 highway not like doing it doing it. We're both just kind of feeling the urge to go somewhere outside of california for once. There's a lot to see here for sure but there's a lot of to see elsewhere too you know what I mean. I think I came home with some surefire hits that I'm definitely going to add to the portfolio and maybe even my book but that's all you're going to get from me on that topic right now. I think I accomplished my one main goal on this trip and that was to shoot a toilet that was pleasing. Until the next beautiful toilet I hope you all have a great rest of your day.


Hi Jesper here from the TouchDFX team. In this video I will show you a few of the new features included in the 4.22 release. First off a couple of small ones which can be seen here in the lobby where you create your new projects. If you're going somewhere and you don't know if the internet will be good and stable you are now able to download each of these components for offline usage. You can choose it here from the card directly or you can go to this menu here and select download all packages, all boards, examples or whatever. Another small feature that has to do with internet connectivity as well is our advanced proxy settings. Some of our users sometimes experience that the designer cannot connect to the internet. This has a lot of various reasons but now if you need advanced proxy settings this is now available here. So you can use the system proxy, you can override it and use a manual proxy configuration or you can choose to use no proxy at all. So now you have more options to overcome any problems you might have with the designer not being able to connect to the internet. Okay let's go to one of the main features of 4.22 which is L8 image compression. For that let me create a project. So a lot of customers need to use less flash and a good way of doing that is to somehow use less flash on storing your images. One way that has existed in TouchGFX for a long time of doing this is to use the L8 image format. So let me recap how this is done in TouchGFX. So let's add an image, pick one from our stock as a background, select this one and add a standard button here as well. This has added some images for our project as seen here. So here in the image format it is set to default. So the default if we go to our configuration and look at image configurations we can see that a normal image for opaque will be RGB888 as we are in a 24-bit application and the Nanopakes are RGB888. So the default will point to whatever we have set there. But here we can see we can also choose the L8 format so either with alpha or without alpha. So now I selected the one without transparency for our background. Let me generate. So it fails. The reason why it fails is as it says here it has too many colors for the palette. So what is an L8 image exactly? So an L8 image is a lossless compression you could say of your image. So the way it works is that it made a color lookup table of maximum 256 colors and then for each pixel it uses one byte for the entry into that color palette. And here we can see that this background has 852 colors which is obviously too many for an L8 image. Okay so obviously that's not a good idea so let me set that back to default. Let me try for the button images instead. So here it has transparency so I can go with this one. Let's try to generate and see if this goes well. So in this case the size of the image will probably has gone down a bit. So this image is not that big so of course there's some overhead in the color lookup table in the L8 format but in this case for this image it hasn't got that many colors I suppose so it will be quite much smaller. So the cost of this is not that high on most of ST microcontrollers since the chroma is able of drawing L8 images in hardware just as it can for RGB 8888. So this means that this is kind of a win-win situation. The cost of drawing this is not any significantly significant size bigger and the size of the image has been lowered. So if you want to save even more flash you can now for the L8 select compression. We have implemented three different algorithms for compressing which in different cases performs the best in terms of the compression ratio. We have a settings called auto which will on compile time select the best one here and that is chosen upon the compression ratio. The cost here is of course that now we need to decompress on the fly when we render an image so it might cost on performance in the frames per second count so to speak. However we often see actually that even though it is compressed the rendering time has not risen that much and the reason for this is that now when it's compressed the data the amount of data is way smaller so fetching the data becomes faster and then you can then you have some time to spend interpreting this data. In numbers a compression well ranges from typical values between 30 and 80% of the original size of the image rendering time wise it it can be the same up to a factor of 4 to 5 for the worst of them. So overall a good trade-off and if you for example is in a situation where you do not need fast rendering time but just need your flash users to be small well then this is a very good option. One detail to note though is that for some complex widgets you cannot use L8 compressed images so for the texture maver and scalable image for example here you cannot texture map a compressed image so don't do that but if you want it to be compressed anyway in your flash and you are using the built-in caching system for our images then if you have an L8 that is compressed in flash and you cache it in RAM then during this caching process the TouchGFX framework will decompress it and store it as a normal L8 image and then you can use it in a texture maver for example. Okay that's it for the introduction for these few new features in 4.22 you can read more about these features and all the rest of the features that is added to the 4.22 release. Have fun! See you!


Hey Gregory, this is Megan with Oxmoor Toyota. I just want to send this quick video greeting just to personally introduce myself. It has come to my attention that you're interested in one of our new 2016 Toyota Camrys. When you can, go ahead and give me a call. You can reach me at<PHONE_NUMBER>. And I look forward to hearing from you soon. Bye!


A total of 139 individuals from the Rodney Bay and Cassris public health facilities have completed the 14 days in quarantine and were sent home on Sunday April 5, 2020. The individuals showed no signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and were provided with certificates of health upon departure. Chief Medical Officer Dr Sharon Belma George also highlighted the importance of having these individuals in quarantine. Because there are many countries at a high risk based on the number of positive cases for COVID-19, it's important that we keep persons who come back, travelers, in quarantine where we monitor them, their temperature, we do their vital signs and we monitor them for respiratory signs and symptoms, that is fever, cough, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat or just feeling unwell. We monitor them and for anyone who develops respiratory signs and symptoms, we ensure that they get tested for COVID-19. This is to protect and to prevent and to reduce the possible transmission of COVID-19 from persons coming into the island. Three individuals released from quarantine shared their experience. My experience at quarantine has been, for me it's been unique, it's been a learning experience, I mean in the beginning it was a little difficult until we settled in, after we settled in it was really comfortable, the nurses, everybody made it really comfortable for us and we understood what it meant to be quarantined because as a seafarer we were on a cruise ship most of us and we got here. We already did a little quarantine on board but here we did another 14 which was really a good experience before letting out in society so I'm glad it was done. I had a good experience in quarantine but thanks to the Ministry of Health, the Prime Minister, the officers, the nurses which made it a tremendous experience so I want to give them a thumbs up and to tell them keep what they're doing because they're working extra extra hard to make sure they control the spread of the coronavirus. My experience here has been pretty positive I'd like to say, I was able to get all of my school work done, we did have a bit of hiccups with the Wi-Fi over the first few days however Wi-Fi was always maintained in the front building so if you did need Wi-Fi you were able to get it. The food every day we got three meals a day which was quite nice I like the rigorous checks that they did for our temperature every single morning and every night so overall I think it was a very useful experience. The individuals in quarantine were provided with care packages from Nemo and transportation to go home. Reporting from the Communications Unit of the Ministry of Health and Wellness I am Phenal Neptune.


When you think of farming what immediately comes to mind are the many challenges that farmers face planting, fertilizing, harvesting, drought, irrigation, and flooding, pests, parasites, and pesticides. But cybersecurity, backup, and recovery for farming not top of mind. No one expects to be hacked, but in fact everyone should expect it. Even small to medium businesses, and unfortunately even farms. Current stats show that a business is hacked every 11 seconds. By 2030, it's estimated that an attack will occur every two seconds. So yes, even farms have to pay special attention to cybersecurity. Beginning August 29th, tune in for a short subject documentary presented by Dell Technologies. Nature Fresh Farms, Navigating the Road to Cyber Resiliency, a special presentation from The Cube.


Hey everybody, this is Christian Buckley doing another MVP buzz chat and I'm talking today with Ferdy. Hello. Hello Christian. It's great to have you and for folks that don't know you, so you're a brand new MVP, so it's always great to introduce, but for folks that don't know you, who are you, where are you and what do you do? Yeah, my name is Ferdiladen Öhlos or say Ferdi. I'm a new MVP in the category apps and services since June, very new, very crazy. All the way since June. That's right. Yeah, what I do, I'm a German speaker in the community and my passion is to talk about Microsoft 365. So I had a blogging in English speaking or German speaking. I had some community events as a collaboration heroes. We talk a week about Microsoft 365 tips and tricks. What can you do and this for key users in the end of the game. And this is what I do in the community very much from Lincoln to sessions at the Scottish Summit in August session at the MS Berlin since three days. And in the next week I traveled to Salzburg to the Infinity 365 and talk about Microsoft Viva. And this is my passion. My passion is Microsoft Viva and the task management for Microsoft because in the end of the game or in the end of the day, my customer and very much people had two problems or two issues. You had many tasks. The task is coming from email to chat to a telephone or to talk on the floor. One thing. And the other thing is who can I learn something? Who can I have some knowledge to have a central location for knowledge? And this is my gaming about Viva. So I talk very much about Viva learnings and Viva topics because I think these are great applications for this and to talk about the task management from to do to planner. In my working position, I'm a senior modern workplace consultant and talk with my customer about Microsoft 365 and a complete way to integrate teams, SharePoint from the Internet to integrate with Viva Connection teams and SharePoint to build synergies and to bring Microsoft 365 in companies. I love the task management story because there's a lot of us. So I started out in project and portfolio management in my career. So I've been pestering Microsoft for years about pulling together their story around task management because it's been very disjointed. So it's exciting to see that we're getting more and more integration. There's still a lot of work to be done in that area. But it's a, yeah, that's a great topic. So that's one of my favorites as well. It's a very great topic. If you talk with customer or with end users, it's the big topic of end users. What is with my task? Who can I manage the task and what are for synergies I had in Microsoft 365? If I get an email, what can I do with this email to generate or to create and task or not? When I work with my personal task management and when I need to work with a collaborated planner, for example, planner also for a task management. And those are great topics for the end users. And another missing piece that Microsoft is moving down the path of is around the alignment with now Viva Goals and the OKRs because that's another thing. I think we're having experience in that background and sorry to take it kind of sideways here, folks, but it's because I'm again, passionate about the topic. So you have, you have to do, you have planner, you have traditionally project and our project online. You have you have the DevOps Azure DevOps capability. You can create things as you mentioned like an outlook. You have tasks that are, you know, part of notes. You can automatically create tasks that come through Viva as well as through Outlook. You want to be able to capture things in one note and have it integrate with various locations. But you want at the end of the day, you want all of that to roll up to a project plan. If there is a formal project plan in place or maybe it's lighter weighted, it's just planner. You also want it to all of the things you don't want to have to go do double entry and roll it up into your organizational tasks or OKRs. You want to be able to know that, hey, the things that I'm doing, the projects I'm working on, how are they helping align with what my team, with my business unit, with my company is trying to do with our overall goals. So I think it's a, it's a massive, you know, effort for Microsoft to pull all these pieces together. It's, and there is a team. They have people that are assigned that are dedicated to this space. So I think we're, you're going to hear a lot more about that alignment of that integration. Yeah, yeah, that's true. That's very cool. Well, so what, tell me about your, your path to becoming an MVP. Like what was that like for you and who got you into the program? It's very crazy, very crazy. What I'm my, I'm my passion about this. I think the, the MVP program is, is massive support for, for a consignancy for IT consignants because you get some information you can, yeah, I can speak better to your customer. And my, my opinion in the, in the end of the day is I want to, to, to talk with my customer about an integration of Microsoft 365 or application of Microsoft 365 completely. So I can decide do we this and planner do we this and to do and what plan Microsoft in the end of the day or in, in three months or six months. And I need to, to check this out to, to say my customer planner for this or no, wait six months, then you get a new tool. It's better. It's, it's, it's help you better for, for doing what you want. And this is why I, I want to, yeah, to get these MVP awards to, to my, my, my opinion, why I want this. I want to share my knowledge because in, in the word in, in Germany, for example, three Microsoft 365 has much applications. And in the end of the day, company, employee in the company or so on, he gets all applications and don't think about what can I do with this application or which application help me. And in the end of the game, I get, or I, I, I come to the company and I want to help and want to share my knowledge. And this is what, what's the Microsoft MVP award do. I, I share my knowledge in my network from YouTube, bloggings, pod castings, to, to session speaker roles, to help people in the end of the day.  Microsoft relies on the MVP community to be the storytellers to help people to envision kind of it's the, the phrase you always hear is the art of the possible with the technology. I'm interested though, it's like, so how did you become an MVP? Like who, like, was it something that you pursued for a while or is it something that kind of, you know, somebody put your name in? All starts with other MEPs, Alex and Ragnar.  And there is who my thinking about to do more in the community starts because I see the show and I say, well, it's cool. It's fantastic for my, yeah, my company, for my customer and so on. And this is what the starting label for me to say, yeah, it's cool and it's help people. So I want to do this. I want to start at two years with sharing my knowledge, to start with sharing my knowledge about the platform Lincoln for the start, then I get a YouTube channel with short videos about task management. And so it's grow, grow, grow. I test something, yeah, I test and then I put it in the recycle bin, but I test. And so this is what, what I start my way. I try something and at the end, it's the focus end users for two years. And yeah, yet I had a blog, a YouTube channel, a blog in English speaking. I, yeah, posts three or four posts in a week or in Lincoln. I had a Twitter account and so it's, it's grow, grow. And yeah, in January, it's, it's, it's a fantastic thing. What, what's happened? I sat in session or I created session for the European collaboration submit and send it and write in post of Lincoln. So I do it. I send a session for the European collaboration submit. English is not my language, but I need to left the comfort zone. So I wanted and then I get a message from Hans Brander. The message was fairly, you need to call me. Here's my number and we call and Hans says, you try to playing in the Champions League at the moment. You don't are a native English speaker. No, I don't. You try a topic what you don't ever try it before. And so you want to speak as a high level. Try other thing is a challenge to go to Pune in the tech community to Nandip or to Craig in London in a community and test your English. Test it, try it out, speak in the community. And if you go to a speaker, then you do the next step. And so it's, yeah, I call to Nandip, to Nandip and to check what is the tech community, what can I do in the tech community, what can I do for a session for the community of Pune and Nandip show what I do in this moment and say, well, I want you to nominate as MVP. And I say, what, MVP? Yeah, you say, yeah. And yeah, he nominate me a week later.  And this month it's happened. And it's a great goal for me because my plan, my personal plan was to get the MVP award in three or five years because people who gets the award, he do so much technical stuff, so much storytelling. And I think in this moment, I do not enough for this MVP award. And yeah, but I'm very happy to get the award yet because in the end of the game, yeah, it's enough for this. Yeah, it's a, for folks too, that you bring up a great point, Ferdy. I mean, obviously you did enough because you made it into the program. But there is the, what is it, a lot of MVPs feel like, is it enough? And what's going on? And part of it, and I say this a lot, I would do the things that I do in the community regardless of the MVP status. And I'm sure you do the same things. It's just part of the way that I tick, part of the way that I network, part of the way that I work and I learn is from others. And so I would continue doing these things, long after I leave the MVP community, I will continue doing things like this, but it's, you know, that imposter syndrome, so many of us have that in areas. And it's, and it's sometimes it's incredible. Some of the people that are the most prolific bloggers and speakers that are out there, they, they also experienced that imposter syndrome. So I'd say just keep doing the things that you, you did to earn the MVP. And that was enough, you know, to, you know, that's the right level of activity. And just keep giving back to the community and the rest of it will work itself out. Yeah, it's the, the, the much topic is stay tuned. You, you block and much people. And I think about this too.  And no one comes to you and say, cool, this is a cool article. Or would you like to speak in this or this community? And so in German, we, the people are thinking about, oh, is this enough? Is this good? Is the quality good? And they, yeah, they do a break. They do nothing and not stay tuned and, and do more and, and do always a week or one a day or in a month and do it. And, and this is a, yeah, I think this is the, the thinking we need to change. We need to do, to stay tuned. And yeah, one week it's not good, but the next week you get good blogging. You get good feedback or so on. And that's, that's what community is. It's right. It's a, well, and you know this from community building as well as it's, it's so critical to be consistent. I mean, if you think of like a user group, it's important that we have a stable location whenever possible. And I've been in user groups where we struggled where we would be three or four months in one location and then we'd have to move and find another place, somebody to host us, but to be consistent. But it's always at the same time, you know, it's always like ours is on the third Thursday of every month, always at the same time in the afternoon, so that there's that consistency there. When you're building your personal brand, so much of that is about that consistency as well. So it, but you need to, I think you were kind of making this point too. You kind of need to do that for yourself. No, it's great. I mean, you're doing it for the community. You're doing things. You're sharing the information. You have to enjoy it as well. So part of the consistency, it's easier to be consistent when you're doing it for you because you enjoy creating that whether one person reads it or a thousand people reads that blog post, it's less important of getting that out there, sharing that information, but then doing it in consistent manner. But I'm a marketing guy. I work with people on building personal brands and branding in general. So that's always my guidance. In the end of the day, it's, it's true. You know, you need to enjoy it. Yeah. Enjoy it for your life, for, for your work, life balance, for your family or whatever, not work for MVP award. This is not a good, a good game. You need to have, yeah, to, to have enjoy. You need to enjoy what you do. And then in the end of the game or in the end of the day, it, it was good. And you think it's good for you. Then all okay, stay tuned, consistent every day, every month, every week.  Agreed. Agreed. Well, Ferdy, really appreciate your time today. Congratulations again on earning the MVP and for folks that want to find out more about you, get in touch. What are the best ways to reach you? Where are you most active out on social? Go, go to Google and type in M365 Röstmeister. This is my personal branding in Germany and you find my blog. You find my YouTube channel in the first, yeah, in the first steps, you find my LinkedIn profile. And if you get in contact with me, the best way is to, to write me a message about Lincoln to follow me, uh, Lincoln or Twitter. Excellent. We'll thank so much for your time. Thank you.


What can trade a standard TML chart if you need a pattern? We want to draw your attention to the Aussie Yen on the daily time frame and we have corrected the extension from the October low into the September May high here and we've got a three-way corrective pattern that completes the 161 extension of this AB leg, 78-39 we've also got the 61.9% retracement of the prior advance. We've extended in the impulsive fashion off the lows but I'm looking now for a corrective move to play out here. I look for a breach of the weekly pivot 81-20 to set short positions, targeting a test of the monthly pivot here at the 79-90. From there, watch for bullish reversal patterns to reverse short positions and target a test of this descending trend line resistance at 80-270. I always trade the plan and it's your risk.


Nope Stop the intro stop the intro Alrighty I have so much So much to talk to you guys about if you're a patreon Which I do highly suggest and I know that sounds so cheesy as a youtuber to suggest that and it sounds like a money grab And at the end of the day it ultimately is but I promise you that my patreon is extremely worth it I dropped some major news over on patreon The other day and it's gonna stay there for a bit. I'll start talking on here very shortly about a lot of these things But let's get started front gate construction is looking really good. They've started laying down a few bricks And they've started getting the queue line area that looks like it'll lead over to a building structure Again, none of this is confirmed yet, but that's what it's looking like So that's really interesting because that means they're building infrastructure in the inner part of Leviathan to take away from infrastructure Over at front gate, which would then further translate that there's a plan front gate expansion coming So here are some new survey markings appearing in the launch area of the wing coaster So the 800s are new. They're on the fence. They're on the signs What's interesting about that is their timing of showing up, which I'll discuss in a video tonight So I do have to run till work So I'm making this construction update real quick, but here are some more of the datum markings Which I also will be able to show and explain to you guys in great detail with a map Thanks to an engineer friend. I have been able to Get some access to something but I'm not gonna get into too deep with that yet But you guys will learn on patreon shortly and then I'll share it on YouTube. Here is a new construction fence They have redone the fence over where construction is about to begin for the wing coaster This fence has gone up because it's a seating area in a dining location. So they wanted to build a better fence To hide construction and noise for the next season as they are about to start construction around the third week second third week of January Oh once again, I know this is a tease, but I had to make this real quick. This was filmed yesterday at Winterfest But I have some really exciting news to share with you guys as viewers And again, I update my patreon's almost instantly and they get sometimes pictures that I can't share on A YouTube channel that's directed at more people or if I'm trying to hide things I'll post on patreon even though at the end of the day it all gets out, but There are so many things to talk about so many things to talk about and I need to plan Decent videos for this. It is a lot to cover. There is information that I'm able to access kind of publicly Through resources that I now have which is insane and I'm very fortunate to have these and I don't know if you could Tell I'm really excited and I'm just really excited to share this information with you guys because it's not like I'm sharing blueprints It's actual information that I myself have gone out and Figured out with the help of friends and people in the industry that aren't sharing anything illegally So if we're once it's actually really awesome to be able to talk about things so in-depth with such an understanding So I'm just really excited to share that information with you guys and I'm gonna do so in a really good video So over the next seven days expect a lot of really good content Hope you enjoyed today's construction update and I guess I'll call it a teaser for what's to come It is a lot of information. It's gonna be really cool I think you guys are gonna love it and a lot of it is all surrounding around engineering So and it's some of it in the financial industry. So yeah, hope you guys are excited for my content I'm really excited and I can't wait to see your guys's reaction. Let the 2025 games begin


Hi everyone, this talk will be about the CCA compatibility of public key infrastructure. I'm Lakshita Karana from UIUC and this is joint work with Brent Waters at UT Austin. The notion of public key encryption, which we all know and love, allows Bob to set up and publish a public key in such a way that Alice can send encrypted communication to Bob, which can only be decrypted given knowledge of the corresponding secret key. And any adversary that observes this communication but cannot compute the secret key will be unable to distinguish encryptions of one message from those of another. This notion of security is called CPA security, alternatively security against chosen plaintext attacks. What if the receiver only ever published a verification key for a digital signature scheme for which they possess the corresponding signing key? Can we still do public key encryption? Or what if the receiver published a hard puzzle for which they only possessed a solution? This question was one of the original motivations for the study of witness encryption, where Garg et al. showed that it is possible to encrypt a message so that it can only be opened by a recipient that knows an NP witness. And moreover, assuming the existence of an appropriate witness encryption scheme, any adversary that cannot find an NP witness will not be able to distinguish between encryptions of two different messages. To motivate our problem statement, let's take a deeper look at the security of public key encryption schemes. Schemes satisfying the notion of CPA security offer suffer from malleability attacks where an adversary can obtain a ciphertext and modify it to obtain an encryption of a related plaintext. To defend against such attacks, public key encryption schemes are now typically required to satisfy the stronger notion of CPA security. Here, an adversary cannot distinguish encryptions of two plaintexts, even given access to a decryption article that decrypts all possible related ciphertexts for the adversary. One important difference for the purposes of this talk is going to be the difference between CCA1 and CCA2 security. In CCA1 security, or often called the lunchtime attack scenario, the adversary has access to a decryption article only before it obtains the challenge ciphertext. And once it sends two messages, M0 and M1, and gets an encryption of one of them, it loses access to the decryption article. On the other hand, the case of CCA2 security, which is a stronger definition, allows the adversary to retain access to the decryption article even after it obtains the challenge ciphertext. And this means that in particular, the adversary can obtain a challenge ciphertext and modify it to get any related ciphertext and continue to query the decryption article. And this is allowed as long as the adversary does not query the decryption article on the exact same ciphertext that it obtained as a challenge. In this work, we generalize the examples discussed so far and put forth the notion of compatibility of any key generation or setup or puzzle generation algorithm. And we focus on the specific case of encryption schemes. So specifically focused on encryption, we investigate whether arbitrary setup key generation or puzzle algorithms can be used to derive CCA secure schemes. In a nutshell, we show that any key or puzzle generation algorithm that gives rise to a sub-exponentially in CPA secure encryption scheme also gives rise to a CCA secure encryption scheme. In some more detail under cryptographic assumptions that I will elaborate on in just a bit any key or puzzle generation algorithm that implies a sub-exponential in CPA secure encryption scheme against non-uniform adversaries also implies an in CCA secure encryption scheme against uniform adversaries. And I want to emphasize that the goal here is to have the key generation step in the CCA secure encryption be exactly the same as the key generation or the infrastructure of the CPA secure encryption scheme. Specifically, in order to upgrade any key generation algorithm for a CPA scheme into one for a CCA one scheme, we assume the existence of hinting PRGs as well as sub-exponential key less collision resistant hash functions against uniform adversaries. In order to achieve CCA security, we additionally assume the existence of sub-exponential non-interactive CCA commitments for small tag spaces. And these can in turn be obtained based on time lock puzzles with sub-exponential security that were achieved in a work of Lin Paas and Soni. Alternatively, they can be achieved from quantum hard one-way functions and classical hardwood quantum easy one-way functions with sub-exponential security that were obtained in a work with Yael Kalai. Let me describe some prior work in idealized models or with setup that achieves essentially the same objectives. And then I will discuss how what we aim to do is a little bit different. So the Fujisaki Okamoto transform that is in the random oracle model in fact does show that any key generation algorithm that implies a CPA encryption scheme can also be used as the key generation algorithm for a CCA encryption scheme. And this is essentially what we want to do except that the Fujisaki Okamoto transform assumes the existence of the idealized random oracle model. And on the other hand, we want to focus on the plain model. The Naor Young encryption system almost gives such a process in the CRS model. But in this work, our focus is on the plain model without setup or CRS or a random oracle. And we also aim to make black box use of the underlying CPA scheme. In fact, we also end up making black box use of all the other assumptions of all the other cryptographic assumptions. And one of our goals is also to make the weakest possible cryptographic assumptions. Let me give a bird's eye view of our technique for achieving CCA1 security. A key requirement and the main motivation for our work is that the key generation algorithm remain identical to that for an arbitrary CPA secure encryption scheme, which means key gen is going to output a CPA public key and the corresponding secret key. The encrypt algorithm on input a message M is going to evaluate a PRG on a random seed and then exor the result with the message M. This will constitute the first component of the ciphertext. The rest of the ciphertext components will be generated in the following way. Let's say that the seed S is n bits long and for every index I in N, we will compute a special commitment to the seed. In addition, we will encrypt the opening of this commitment twice, once using the CPA encryption scheme and the other time using a general purpose statistically binding commitment. The reason we do this is because encryption using the CPA scheme and committing using the statistically binding commitment actually gives us two ways to open any given ciphertext. One is by decrypting the orange part, which is the public key encryption part of it using the corresponding secret key and the other is to break open the statistically binding commitment by running in sufficiently large time. So by trying all possible inputs and randomnesses to this commitment and figuring out what the yi is. And the reason that this helps is because we will maintain an invariant that for any query that the adversary makes to the decryption oracle, to the CCA decryption oracle, both decrypting by opening the orange box or the blue box is going to give, is going to lead to recovering the exact same seed, seed value Si, the IF bit of the seed. I'll talk, in a little bit I'll talk more about why this is helpful. Let me just complete this picture of CCA1 security by saying that the decrypt algorithm given a ciphertext C is going to simply decrypt using the orange box, using the corresponding secret key of the CPA Secure Scheme to recover an Si and then note that once you recovered the entire seed S, you can compute PRG of S and exhort it with the first component of the ciphertext, which is C, to recover the message M. Zooming in a little bit into what, into why we build our ciphertexts this way. Note that we want to enforce an invariant that says whether we decrypt using the orange box or the blue box, they both lead to recovering the exact same seed. This is a little bit reminiscent of, of many different templates to achieve CCA security, including the now young template, etc. However, here to enforce that these, both of these will lead to recovering the same seed, we're going to rely on redundancy and more specifically, we will enforce this by means of a hinting PRG via a mechanism that's inspired by the work of Coppilloy and Waters and Kitagawa et al. So opening things up a little bit, note that the way I've used randomness here is I'm using PI as the randomness used for the orange box and QI as the randomness for the blue box for the statistically binding commitment. And the way these are generated is they will actually depend on the ith bit of the seed S. More specifically, if SI is zero, then PI is going to be the output of the PRG and the value QI is going to be uniform. And if SI is one, then PI is going to be uniform and QI will be the output of the PRG. In some way, the P's and Q's can be thought of as being hints about the secret S. So that what can be done more specifically is if someone wants to extract the ith bit of the seed by decrypting the orange, by decrypting the ciphertext in the orange box, what they would do is obtain YI, which would be a candidate opening for the special commitment on the left and use it to obtain a candidate ith bit of seed. Once they have computed all the bits of the seed by decrypting all possible N orange boxes, they'll compute all the P's and Q's, relevant P's and Q's, by evaluating the PRG on the candidate seed S. Once this is done, they will use the P's and Q's that were recovered to actually re-encrypt and check whether the candidate S was correct or incorrect. And it is these checks that can be used to ensure that in a hybrid game, one can switch to answering the adversaries' oracle queries without ever relying on the decryption key escape. Instead, what is going to be done is in this hybrid experiment, the decryption oracle will be implemented by brute force breaking the statistically binding commitment and using it to obtain a candidate opening YI and using that to obtain a candidate bit of the seed S.I. as before. And then as before, once the seed has been obtained, one can compute the P's and Q's and use them to perform a series of checks. And it is ensured that as long as the checks pass, it's computationally hard for the adversary to come up with a decryption query such that the orange box and the blue box would lead to different decryption results. To enable this, the special commitment on the left is defined as a computationally binding statistically equivocal commitment. And what one can show is that if the checks pass and the adversary was able to come up with a query where the orange and blue boxes resulted in different decryption results, then the adversary must necessarily be breaking the computational binding property of the special commitment. And it is also here that we need to restrict the adversary to being a uniform machine and rely on specific types of assumptions like keyless collision resistant hashing against uniform adversaries to get such a computationally binding commitment. Moreover, in our hybrid experiments, it's going to be important to modify the challenge ciphertext slowly so that in some of these games, the challenge ciphertext contains special commitments that are actually generated in equivocal mode and so that the orange and blue boxes actually do encrypt different types of openings. But again, we will ensure that this is only done for the challenge ciphertext, whereas the adversary's challenge queries can never have such equivocation going on unless the adversary breaks some underlying computational assumptions. Another key tool that we make use of is a hinting PRG. These were developed by Coppola and Waters and are known based on various assumptions like computational defeat helman or the learning with errors assumption. These are just a special type of PRG where instead of requiring that the output of the PRG be indistinguishable from uniform, we require that the adversary not be able to distinguish between the following two games. In game 0, a seed s is sampled at random and the output of the PRG is computed on this c and then the adversary, instead of getting just the output of the PRG, instead gets what looks like an entire block of values where the first block consists of the first part of the output of the PRG. The second block contains the output of the PRG as well as a uniformly random string, but these are arranged in such a way that if the first bit of the seed is 0, then the output of the PRG is placed on top and a uniformly random string is placed on the bottom and if the first bit of the seed is 1, then these are placed the other way around, meaning that there will be a uniform value on the top block and the output of the PRG on the bottom. And this is done for every index i in n, where n is also the length of the seed and the adversary gets this entire set of blocks. In game 1, the adversary simply gets a uniform set of blocks and the idea is that the adversary should not be able to distinguish between these two games in polynomial time. So really the difference from the regular PRG is here, the location of these blocks, the output versus uniform actually depends on the seed itself and can be thought of as giving out hints about the seed and this type of structure is actually important to our proof of security. Now let me move on to say a little bit about our technique for achieving CCA2 security. The overall template for our construction is very similar to the CCA1 setting, except for one important difference, the difference is that instead of using a statistically binding commitment to set up our alternative decryption mechanism, we actually use a CCA secure commitment. As before, we will ensure that there are two ways to open any ciphertext that the adversary sends to the decryption oracle. One is to decrypt using the secret key of the CPA encryption scheme, which means open the orange box and the other is to open the blue box, which is to break open the CCA secure commitment and we're going to ensure the same invariant, which is that both lead to the recovery of the same seed SI. Now recall that the difference in the CCA2 setting from the CCA1 setting is that the adversary continues to have access to the decryption oracle even after it has obtained the challenge ciphertext. This makes the proof for the CCA2 setting significantly trickier and in particular, this means that despite the fact that in certain hybrids the challenger is going to be cheating in the challenge ciphertext in the way it generates the challenge ciphertext which will contain all these equivocations, we need to continue to ensure that the adversary maintains this invariant in all of their queries and this should be despite the fact that the challenge queries that the challenge ciphertexts that are being sent to the adversary actually do not satisfy this invariant at various steps in the game. This is where we rely on the CCA property of the commitment scheme. Let me also mention that we only require the CCA commitments to satisfy a special type of security, a special type of uniform security. We do not need full-fledged non-uniform security and what we actually need is for the CCA commitments to be secure against computation-enabled uniform adversaries. This is a new type of notion of uniform security which lies somewhere in between uniform and non-uniform where the adversary is uniform except getting access to an oracle in the beginning of the game that allows it to perform some more than polynomial time computations. These types of commitments were constructed in joint work with Rachid Gurg, George Liu and Brent Waters and they only require black box use of base commitment schemes. Like I said, these can be based, for example, on some exponential time lock puzzles and along with this they assume the existence of hinting PRGs and keyless collision-resistant hash functions which are assumptions that we are making anyway for our construction. In summary, we show that the setup or key generation algorithm used for any int-CPA secure public key encryption scheme also gives rise to an int-CCA2 secure public key encryption scheme under suitable cryptographic assumptions. In more detail, we assume that the CPA secure scheme satisfies sub-exponential CPA security and we additionally assume black box access to hinting PRGs, keyless collision-resistant hash functions and for the case of CCA2 security we assume access to a base CCA2 secure commitment scheme. An interesting direction for future research is to understand whether the setup or key generation algorithms for any public key encryption scheme can give rise to something like a digital signature and more generally, when can setup that was originally used for one type of crypto system be used to realize a completely different crypto system altogether without the need to assume any additional setup or infrastructure. With that, I'd like to conclude my talk. Thank you so much for listening.