Hello, my name is Kathy Zhang. I'm a principal architect at Huawei. I'm also the project lead of the OpenStack Neutron Service Function Chain project. My name is Igor Duarte-Cardos, software engineer at Intel in China and Ireland from Portugal. I've been working on service function chaining, mainly for Neutron Networking SFC, and I'll be talking with Kathy today about SFC graphs, NSH SFC encapsulation, and how we can do that using Networking SFC. So I'll start first. So today our topic is about how you can empower your NFV services through the OpenStack Service Function Chain and the Service Function Chain graph. So first I'm going to go through the service chain logical model and API of existing OpenStack Service Function Chain. So the OpenStack Service Function Chain API is composed of two parts. The first part is a flow classifier. The second part is a port chain. The flow class file specifies the classification rules that I use to classify the flow, which will go through the service chain. And the port chain consists of ordered sequence of service functions. So in this example, the port chain consists of a firewall service function and then an IPS service function and then a video optimizer service function. So each service function could consist of multiple instances. For example, like in this example, the firewall functions consist of two instances. IPS consists of three instances and the video optimizer consists of two instances. So those are for low distribution purpose. And each service function instance is modeled, is represented by a neutron port of that service function instance. And then the neutron port of those functional like service instances are grouped together to form the port pair group. So the port chain is actually specified by an ordered sequence of port pair groups. So like traffic flow originate from a source will go through this first port pair group, which will do the load distribution to select the instance for the firewall and then go to the second service function and then go to the third and then reach the destination. So this slide shows more detail the logical models of the service function chain. So we have, as we mentioned before, we have four logical entities, port chain, port pair group, port pair and flow classifier. So I'm going to talk about port pair first. So in port pair that represent a specific service function instance. So you specify in the API, you specify the ingress port and ingress port of that service function. So that service function can run on a VM, which will be the neutron port, right? Or can run on a container or physical device. Container also has a neutron port using the VMware VM. And then there's also another parameter you can specify for service function, service function parameters. For example, you can specify whether this service function is a layer two type or layer three type. Or what is a weight for that service function in the load distribution in the group so that you can do more smart load distribution. And then these, the port pairs, multiple port pairs can be grouped together into a port pair group. So in port pair group, you specify the list of port pairs. And then you can also specify port pair group parameters such as, you know, the, um, the hashing field for that port pair group, what hashing field to use for your load distribution algorithm. And there could be other port pair group parameters for future extension. And then there's this flow classifier. So here you can specify any combination of these fields to, to classify your flow. For example, you can specify a source on IP address range or at least the IP address range, IP addresses, or destination IP address, or like, you know, logical source port, or like the TCP port or UDP port, either source port or destination port, any combination. You can also specify up to the layer seven parameters. That's for the future extension. Okay, so, um, so how we are going to cut, how we can form a trend graph, um, based on the open stack service trends. Um, so there are two cases here. One case is when the traffic flow goes through the sequence of service function, the classification rules change. So like for this case, you know, some service function could modify the N-tuple of the traffic flow. For example, that very simple case is going to modify the IP address. Then in this case, right, we can, um, we can handle this case by creating two port chains, two service chains to form the trend graph. For example, we can create port chain one and port chain two. So the original flow is from that logical source port P1 to the destination IP address. So for port chain one, we specify the flow classifier as the source port is from P1. The destination IP address is IP1. And then that flow will go through service function one, service function two. The second port chain we specify the source port now is originate from P2. And then the destination IP address now is changed to IP2. And then this traffic flow will go through service function three and service function four. So we can coordinate these two chains together to form a chain graph. Of course, in the later slide, we're going to show more complicated cases built on this, you know, theory. So another case is for the classification rules do not change. So in this case, it's simpler. For example, in here, right, we have one and the red line shows the first port chain, and the black shows the second port chain, and the green shows the third port chain. So the first port chain is classified by flow classifier one. It goes through service function A, B, E, F. The second is classified by flow classifier two. It goes through A, B, D, G. These are different service functions. And the third is classified by flow classifier three. It goes through service function B, C, F. So you can see that, you know, some service function can handle, you know, multiple chains. So these we can form a chain graph just by, you know, group them together as a chain graph. We're going to show in later slide how you specify in the API, you know, to group this together. Now I'm going to hand over to Igor to go through this in more detail. Thank you, Cathy. So I'll be talking mainly about a new resource for networking as FC called as FC Graph. It's seen very much the same fashion as the first kind of chain that Cathy presented where the classification rules change during the chain. So I'll start by why do we need the FC Graphs? What can we do with them? Essentially we have two to three reasons for doing that. We may have service functions that change the classification of traffic. So the incoming traffic is a certain classification, but the outgoing traffic will be of a different classification because the function has made changes to the traffic. Or we might have certain service functions with classification capabilities, advanced classification capabilities that are able to go deeper in the traffic in the packets and detect other kinds of classifications that the main classifier may not be able to detect. And in both of these cases we may want to branch out of our current chain depending on these classification criteria. Or we may just want to have a dependency between chains. We may have many different chains depending on the same chain regardless of classification. This is more as a consequence of the first two reasons. So to justify this, why introducing an FC Graph resource? I'll show you a couple of use cases to start with. I have a very simple academic use case where we get initially some encrypted traffic inside an IPsec tunnel. It could be something else but just some encrypted traffic which is then sent to a first service function, an IPsec tunnel terminator which will decapsulate and decrypt traffic. And we will then know what is the actual classification inside of that traffic that we did not know beforehand because it was encrypted. So this is an illustration of the first scenario where we don't yet know the... actually where we changed the classification of traffic because initially all traffic or IPsec traffic got into the chain but now we know that it's actually TCP or something else. So the classification has changed and we now are in a position to better decide what the next function should be. So if it's TCP, it goes to a TCP optimizer. That's the TO function at the top. If it's not, it goes to some other function, a load balancer for example. And in here we have three port chains, three networking SFC port chains which are very similar to service function paths in ITF SFC. So for the first chain, we just look at all traffic coming from a certain source, an IPsec source. It could be a neutron port, it could be the virtual router. We send it to the first service function. And for the next two chains, they will both depend on that initial PC1 chain, the first chain to be processed and the difference between these two branches will be the actual classification, if it's TCP or not. But in both of the branches we have a dependency. Traffic first needs to go through PC1. So that's the first use case. Then I have another use case, slightly more complex. I've taken it from the ITF 89, some slides from ITF 89 regarding mobility use cases in SFC. It identifies a video optimizer use case chain. And we will focus on just that rectangle there because all of the rest doesn't really change the SFC graph. It would only make the figure even more complex than this. So this is the focus of that use case. So we get all of the traffic from a big gateway. It goes through a load balancer and then we detect whether it's TCP port 80 or not. If it is, it goes to a DPI function, Deep Packet Inspector, which has advanced classification capabilities. That illustrates the second reason for why we should have SFC graphs. It has advanced classification capabilities and it's able to know whether we actually have video inside of that traffic or not. And if we go through a video optimization function, that's the VO function, if we don't have it just goes through the load balancer. In this case we have five port chains. The initial chain just looks at all of the traffic coming from the big gateway and the other chains all depend on some other chain. I specifically mentioned PC4, which is the chain that depends on the chain of the DPI function. So the traffic will go through the DPI function and if it's video, it then goes to the video optimizer function and that's chain 4. So you can see the advanced capabilities used case for a classifier. You can see dependencies between chains. You can see two examples of branching in a chain and here we have an SFC graph. Now, how can we achieve SFC graphs? How can you bring them to network SFC specifically? We make sure that the traffic from a certain port chain will reach the next port chain and only that traffic, not any other traffic, because there's a dependency. We need to make sure that traffic doesn't get mixed up in different port chains when the classification is the same. There needs to be some kind of segregation, some kind of encapsulation, chain or path identification. So we take a look at the SFC encapsulation concept from ITFSFC which has researched this in very deep detail. And the main thing about SFC encapsulation is that we have a way of identifying paths in a chain or a graph. And we fully encapsulate where we are able to fully encapsulate the whole frames. So there's no loss of information or context and we know exactly where in a chain or where in a graph we are thanks to service function path identification. Service function path is essentially a port chain in networking SFC. NSH is the protocol being developed and detailed to be the SFC encapsulation protocol in ITFSFC. It's a proposed standard. It's still a draft yet, but it's the only SFC encapsulation protocol being developed, specifically for this purpose. It includes service path identifier and a service index to contain the service function path information so that we know exactly where in the chain we are. SFC encapsulation allows us to then do branching in our chains and consequently create SFC graphs. Here's the NSH protocol. You can specifically see the SPI and SI fields which uniquely identify the path of our packets and consequently the chain and the graph. Now, specifically to networking SFC, what have we done so far? What are we going to do to bring SFC graphs and NSH to the project? A first change was already submitted and merged which is a chain ID field in the API. The chain ID is a parameter of the port chain resource and it's essentially the same as the SPI here, the service path identifier. It uniquely identifies the service function path or a port chain in networking SFC. It's the same thing. It has been merged already. Even though we don't really need to expose that in the API, we just had to use it in the backend to properly segregate traffic. It's very useful if we want to share the chain identifications across the manual layer, let's say. The chain ID parameter is there as part of the port chain highlighted in blue. It's the last parameter in the port chain resource. This figure here illustrates why chain ID is important when it is shared across the manual layer, across NFVO, NFE orchestrator and the VNF manager. What can we do by exposing that chain ID there? We can have networking SFC with the enabled Neutron backend, for example, OpenVswitch, managing chains with certain SPIs, but we can then tell NFVO about those chain IDs, which can then tell the NF manager, which can then tell the service functions that are deployed, which might be classifiers as well. We can enable external classifiers alongside the Neutron classifier provided by OpenVswitch. We can have, for example, Layer 7 DPI function during classification based on Layer 7 fields, parameters, attributes, and inserting traffic in the appropriate chains, in the appropriate paths based on what the orchestrator has deployed. We can have a very consistent deployment of service functions and classifiers, both built-in and managed by Neutron and externally deployed using a VNF manager. Second change is to actually enable NSH. So until now, networking SFC has only used MPLS, and MPLS is not exposed to the service functions at the moment. So there's a logical SFC proxy. SFC proxy is another definition from IETF SFC, which, before sending the packets to every function, OpenVswitch will take out the MPLS chain layer so that the functions will understand the packets as typical Ethernet IP packets. So this patch enables NSH support. It enables NSH exposed to the VMs. So without taking the NSH header before sending it to the VMs, it still supports an SFC proxy. So OpenVswitch is still able to remove the header if we specify in the API that we don't want NSH to be exposed to the VMs. You can do that. And yeah, this is the first part to enable SFC upstation in networking SFC. It still doesn't enable SFC graphs, though. That's the final patch. Oh, by the way, these are the changes. You can see in PortChain, the chain parameters field inside it's a dictionary. It has a key called correlation. If we set that to NSH, then our PortChain will be NSH-based. The other change as part of this patch in the API is at the PortPair resource. Again, service function parameters, it's a dictionary. The key correlation, if we set that to NSH, then NSH header will be exposed to the VMs. The VMs will receive NSH. If we don't specify NSH there, the obvious driver, which has been the backend that has NSH reports so far in the patch that I've submitted, it will execute an SFC proxy and will remove the NSH header before sending it to the VM. All right, final patch, SFC graphs. For now it's only an API patch. It provides a new resource. You can see here, bottom right, SFC graph. It's a dictionary of PortChains. The keys are the previous PortChains and the values are the next PortChains, are the branches of the PortChains. So PortChain 1 will branch to PortChain 2 or PortChain 3, in the example, depending on different classification criteria. The classification criteria will be provided by the full classifier associated to PortChain 2 and PortChain 3. For PortChain 2 as an initial chain, same thing will happen. So this is how we can have SFC graphs in network NSFC. The API patch has been submitted. The implementation still needs to come in the next few days. Now, I'll go back to the use case of the video optimizer, but I will expand it a little bit more so we can better understand what happens internally. This is a service plane view of our chain, of our graph. What if we want to have a look at the folding plane of the same graph? Here it is. This folding plane view shows the data plane elements that are used to have the graph shown here. So initially, there's a classifier that will get all of the traffic from the P gateway and will send it to a service function forwarder. That's another definition from my ETF, SFC. The service function forwarder, essentially, is a logical element that looks at service function path information, SPISI, and decides what the next hop is for that chain. So classifier will insert the NSH header, CL1, and will send the packets to the forwarder. The forwarder will look at SPI and SI information at the NSH header and will send the packets to the load balancer. Now, after the load balancer, we have an example of a branching scenario, so a branching chain there. Same thing will happen. CL1, the classifier will set the service function path information based on the classification of traffic. So at that point, it will check whether it's TCP port 80 or not, and will insert the appropriate NSH header. It will then send the packets to the forwarder, and it will look up its NSH mapping table, looking for the SPI-SSI that the classifier has inserted, and will then select the next hop accordingly. The same thing happens for the classifier 2 and SFF at the top after the DPI. The only difference is that CL2, classifier 2, it's an external classifier that will usually be co-located with the DPI. Remember, these are all logical functions, logical resources. CL1 and SFF can be co-located together, as in the case of the OpenVitch driver for networking SFC, or CL2 and DPI can be co-located. They can be a VM doing that job of both inspecting traffic and classifying traffic. These are all logical elements. And that's all for me. Okay. So here's some project status update. So we already have two official releases, Liberty and Metacor. And the new features for Metacor is the add-chain ID to port-chain parameters, which Igor just mentioned about, you know, has already talked about why we need to add that. And then we also add weight to the service function parameter to allow, you know, more smart load distribution. We also add the port-pair group parameters for the, like, you know, L2, L3 type. And then we also add a function which can dynamic insert and remove service function to or from a port-chain.  We're going to do the new-time release in December 2016. And for this new release, we are going to add support for symmetric chain, exact match-based flow, rule creation, deletion. And here are some information links if you would like to know more about this project. For this NSH support, we will do after the new-time release. And that also has dependence on that NSH patch being merged into the OBS. So here are some reference on the IETF on service function chain architecture, you know, the data pass encapsulation spec, and also some other NSH-related information, including the OBS and NSH patch information. Okay, that's it. Thank you. Any questions? So your question is how can you use a classifier at the... Okay, so... No, currently the classifier is implemented in the OBS. So it do up to the layer four. It doesn't do up to the layer seven yet. So for the layer seven, you know, you will need a DPI device to do that classifier. Okay, so the question is... Yeah, it's a microphone. If you can go to the microphone. If you have any questions, yeah. Good presentation. We liked it. One question I have is, since we talk about graphs, VNF forwarding graph, and you say here SFC graph, so are they different? And another question continuing on that, do you have any domain specific language for the service function chain which you can use for chaining? Okay, so for the first question, VNF FG, right? It is different from SFC graph as presented here. So VNF FG, the main difference would be almost everything, but VNF FG is you have your VNFs, your service functions, and then you connect them through different chains. You present all of the chains that go through your multiple service functions from the beginning to the end. So you have an initial classification for every chain, and then you just draw how they connect to different functions together, and then you've got your VNF forwarding graph. Now, SFC graph is different. It's like an extension to a chain but with branches. So it's still scoped to a particular use case, but instead of starting from the beginning, having an initial classification and going until the end, you can branch out of your current chain based on different criteria, but it's still scoped for a particular use case. Whereas VNF FG is, you know, all of your chains and how they connect to different functions. So this is local. Who is the superset? VNF FG is the superset and SFC is the, chaining is the subset of that? Can I consider VNF FG as the full chaining and SFC chaining is just a subset of that? Not really, but you could present an SFC graph by using a VNF FG. What you would say as the classification for the chains of the VNF FG is that the classification would be a dependency on another chain. You'd have to say, the classification is another chain first. You could draw it like that. So it's a dependency chain. Second, that was related to, is there any specific DSL, domain-specific language, like you are writing chain paths and all that? Can I consider that as some kind of a DSL, domain-specific language for service function chain? We haven't worked on any DSL. At least for the time being, it's just a dictionary of Portion dependencies. Thanks for that talk. So my question is, can the classifier exist outside of neutron? And if so, how does that work? You want to go? Yes, you can have a classifier outside of neutron. You just need to make sure that it is fed with the appropriate chain IDs, SPIs, so that it classifies accordingly to the setup of functions and chains that you have. It's to be consistent. Yeah, we have a slide on this. Hold on. Let me go to... Yeah, here, right? So this slide shows that you can have the classifier outside of the OVS. When you say neutron, neutron is more the management control plant, right? So this is on the data path, right? You can have the classifier outside of the OVS, but you need the VF manager to coordinate the chain ID. For example, you do the DPI, right? As a separate device, you do the classification. You have to insert the chain ID, right? That chain ID has to be recognized by the switch. And this naturally requires NSH? Yeah, a chain ID could be... So without NSH, this functionality is not possible? Yeah, NSH, or you can use... Since currently NSH is not merged into OVS yet, so we use NPR's label to represent the chain ID as a placeholder for the chain ID. You need some field for the chain ID. That's the key. Yeah, and you need the upper layer to coordinate the chain ID, to be the same chain ID it knows, right? Oh, this handy represents which chain, right? So you know the DPI device, insert that chain ID, the service function for order, which could be a virtual switch, either OVS or physical switch, or other virtual switch, need to understand. Okay, for that chain ID, I need to forward to which service function, what's the next hop service function. So the upper layer, like in this diagram shows, need to coordinate this information. Right, understand. And just last thing, you did say that the asset proxy function is already implemented? Yeah. So if the VNF doesn't have an idea of what to do with the metadata, this wouldn't be a problem? Wouldn't be a problem. Yes, it's already implemented. So service function proxy functionality is already implemented in this new service function chain project. Cool, thank you very much. You're welcome. Including with NSH. Yeah. I had a question regarding the load balancing function. How does the load balancing work within, so you mentioned weight, but I didn't see a lot of information on that, so maybe you can elaborate on how it load balances between, within the port pair. Okay, so the weight, you can specify the weight for the, for example, if a service function, for file or service function type, right, you'll have three instances, right? You can specify the weight for each service function instance, and then that information will pass down through the driver, and then to the, for example, OBS driver path, the native path, or a new translated path, right? Then, you know, the OBS agent will, based on that weight, to do automatic load distribution, based on different weight.  That service function with a higher weight will be selected to be used for the chain path, I mean, more probability. Yeah. Okay, it's not based on the, the traffic going through each of the, it's not dynamically adjusted by SFC or anything like that, right? We just specify the weight and then, based on the traffic, it doesn't get readjusted, it's just static. Yeah, so once, you know, so you specify the weight for that chain, right? And then for that flow class, right? So based on that weight, a service function will be selected for that traffic flow. Once it's selected, it will not change. I would say it will not change, but okay, so let's get into a little bit more technical detail. So for state for service function, once you selected the service function, you don't want to change, you know, when the service function scale out or scale in, right? You don't want to change, right? So when you scale out, you want to maintain the same service function for the previous traffic flow. But when you, but for new traffic flow, when it comes, right? It depends on the weight. It can catch to a new service function. So this weight is just for load distribution. If you give a high weight, it will be selected more for different traffic flow. Because one service function, the same group of service function can be shared by multiple chains. We have a slide on that, you know, here. For example, the service function B, you can see it's shared by three chains, right? And then if service function B, there are multiple instances. Then which instance you select for chain one? Which instance is that for chain two and chain three? It depends on the weight we'll play out there. Just that one flow, right? It's not static. Let's say I'm redirecting from port one to the service function. So the port one traffic always goes through that service function or like maybe for a session, it goes through that. And then for the next session, it might go through a different service function. So for the same traffic flow, the same type of traffic flow, same flow classifier flow, will go through that same service function. Okay. I follow on a question from that one. So I understand you've got the waiting to do kind of load balancing across the service function instances. What in this picture is doing detection of the liveness of those service function instances so that, for example, it doesn't attempt to root a new traffic flow to an instance which has just gone down? Okay, that's a good question. So you're talking about the health of that service function, right? That's kind of out of scope of the chain. So you need another service function manager or any health monitor to monitor that service function and then to feedback that information to the service function chain so it knows, okay, now that service function is out of service. So I will not, you know, hash any traffic flow to that service function instance. Right. So you need some kind of external management agent to monitor the liveness and update the definitions. Exactly. Yeah, but the lifecycle of service function management is outside of this scope, but it needs to be coordinated together. Yeah, like you said, feedback below. Yeah, that's right. Any more questions? Okay, that's it. Thank you very much. Thank you.


Here we are in our example form 1040 populated with Lassert tax software. You don't need tax software to follow along, but it's a great tool to run examples and scenarios with. You can also get access to the form 1040 and related schedules and forms on the IRS website, irs.gov, irs.gov, starting point. As usual, single filer, Mr. Anderson, no dependence, 100,000 in the W2 income. And then we've got the 12,950 standard deduction getting us to the 87,050 and mirroring that on our equation over on in Excel, where we got the 100,000 to 12,950 taxable income, 87,050. Depending on the software to do the calculation on page two, that being 14774. So we've got the 14774 and then 15,000 withheld to get us to the 226. That's our general starting point we've been starting with. Now, when we're talking about payments that are coming out of the social security, normally that's going to be people that are in their retirement years. So I'm going to change the age here to put them into a time frame where it's likely they're going to be getting social security benefits. Note that would be the normal expectation. If they're in their working years, you would expect most of their income to be coming from, say W2 income. If beyond the working years, you would expect distributions possibly from IRAs, pension plans, interest dividends, income type of sources, and then possibly, of course, the social security, our point of focus now. So now I've changed the income, the age. So so now it's switched us over to a 1040 SR instead of a 1040. I'm still going to go back to the 1040 because I think that's just an easier format or a more standard format if you've been working on the 1040s for a while to get an idea of what's going on. So it's a single filer. We've got the we're born before January 2nd, 1958. We've got the 100,000 that I left in the W2 income, although if they were retired, it's likely that they wouldn't have the 100,000 from here, it would be in IRAs or pensions and whatnot. But the basic idea is that if we have that income that's over a certain threshold, then we're going to have some taxable portion of the social security benefits. So if you're dealing with people that have significant amounts of income and they ask you what's going to happen to my social security benefit income, well, you're probably going to have to include it 85 percent of it in income. So if you have $100,000 here, social security benefits of 2000, the calculation is point eight five. And that's given us the 1,700. That's going to be the taxable portion. That's going to be the general concept. If the income is fairly below a fairly low threshold, then you might be taxing something or have include in taxable income, something less than 85 percent. Now, remember that 85 percent isn't the tax you're paying on it. That's the amount that has to be included in taxable income in order to then get to the to calculate the tax on the taxable income. And then we changed our standard deduction because we're over the threshold 65. So let's go back on over here and say, all right, let's say that we've got the income now and now we've got social security social security card income. So that's like on page one. So let's say that I'm going to add another line pension. Let's just add a few more lines here. I'm going to insert some lines and then I'm just going to call this. What should I call it? Social security benefits. Social security security benefits, something like that. That's close. The spell check should be able to figure that out. And then I'm going to leave a couple of spaces, usually like two lines, because you got husband, wife is usually maybe will add an extra, just in case there's some some weird scenario or something. Always weird scenarios these days. I'll tell you what. So we're going to say social security benefit payment was 2000. Now, you can kind of do the calculation here and say it's going to be 85 percent. So you might you might try to do like actually see the calculation. So let's actually add a column. I'm going to add a whole column to this and push column C to the right by putting my cursor on column C, right click and insert. And then I'm going to add another kind of calculation here. So all this stuff doesn't need to be any special formatting down to here. So I'm going to say on on I'm going to get rid of the colors on those. But then down here, I'm going to add another column and I'll put like normally it's point eight five eighty five percent point eight five. Or maybe I put the eight five. Let's put the eight five like down here point eight five point eight five. And I'm going to make that a percent. And so then I'm going to say this is going to be equal to this times. Eighty five percent. And so this would normally be something that you wouldn't have to basically change, but you might because they might be a rate other than eighty five. And in that case, I'd probably be dependent on the software to do the calculation. And so then I'm going to say this is the total total social security benefits summing that up to the outside sum it up. Poor far bore there we have it. Let's do the spell check that can't be spelled right. If there's something if the spell check doesn't say something wrong, there's something wrong with the spell check social security. OK, so then that should be included down here. So I'm going to update that formula. So now we're at the one oh one seven hundred pulling into page one. Boom. This needs to be increased because they're no longer over the threshold to get an extra over the standard of the one thousand seven fifty. There's that. Bam. That gets us to the eighty seven thousand eighty seven thousand over on the tax return is their page two. Doing the calculation is now at the fourteen seven sixty three. So we'll say, OK, fourteen one four seven six three is there. And fifteen thousand gets us down to the two thirty seven. So there's the general idea.


Do you ever wonder what happens when the police leave crime scene cleaners are private companies that handle the cleanup after the police are gone Spalling Decon is one of the nation's largest cleanup companies handling the aftermath of homicides suicides Decompositions hoarding and much more These are our stories We have a suicide that happened inside the trailer in the master suite the Homeowner that this RV is parked at does not have a definitive timeline They're thinking that it was anywhere from four to seven days that the body was laying in the master bedroom undiscovered Hello guys Steve Wolf here franchise business consultant for spaulding Decon. We're here at a pull behind fifth wheel Trailer we have a suicide that happened inside the trailer in the master suite of this pull behind trailer What we're going to have to do is we're gonna have to pull the carpet the wood and Make sure that we can decontaminate the entire area and we did indicate right in the entrance of the the trailer We did notice that the paramedics pulled the body out that they did contaminate the entrance area carpet as well So we're gonna be cleaning that area up. We have indicated already So we know the general vicinity and how large our first portion is gonna have to be what's the spread of the The bio is it kind of that whole room back there or what?  We're gonna have to clear that up as well Once we remove it the mattress we are going to see if there's more penetration of contaminated bio into the The sub flooring of the actual trailer and we haven't been able to assess that yet because of the amount of material that is still in that master bedroom the Homeowner that this RV is parked at does not does not have a definitive timeline They're thinking that it was anywhere from four to seven days that the ball the body was laying in the master bedroom Undiscovered the smell it definitely smells like a like a rotting meat. It's a very pungent When you open the door, it does smack you right in the face immediately We are wearing full face respirators We have an air scrubber already in there to kind of reduce the smell and it still is very strong So it is gonna be a tedious task because you are wearing those full face respirators the entire time So it is gonna be something that we're gonna have to take multiple breaks so that we can you know Make sure that we don't overheat ourselves Grab the body as they're pulling it out and they step on the carpet which Contaminated this whole carpet area.  We're not deep.  These are gonna come off These are probably gonna have to come off and we're gonna get into this stuff First thing you do is pop it up a little bit to see if it penetrated below the lamp It if it did then we keep on going. We see that it did penetrate it. You'll look right here So the woods gotta go So as you see it penetrated the one he indicated over here tomorrow That means it went into the wood, so we're taking the wood as well Cut the whole thing look like you guys are hiding a body Drop plate off you might need your multi-tool. I don't know if it'd be better But so you're not going all the way through because you see how it's in the middle of the box Cut the front plate off still wet blood where the rest had kind of dried and waggled it But because it was sitting underneath the seal Didn't give it time to dry what didn't have it wasn't it as exposed to the elements as the rest of it So it's still wet this foam probably save us from it getting into the actual mattress Hopefully but I don't know about on the sides and stuff fresh Prejudice not maggots under there well because it's covered with this that's why they couldn't get in that But if we pull this up and let it sit though, they'll start to build quickly Doesn't even look real Halloween blood that's under the shower.  I'm gonna hand you this piece. We're gonna use this piece one Yeah, yeah This is the stair Inside can I knock it out from the inside?  Yeah, that's the shower right above it.  This is probably where that This piece the box frame probably pulled it up, and they didn't replace it the water probably ran through that Right we're wrapping up day one of the RV bio We actually thought this is gonna be a one-day job It actually is gonna roll into a second day as the bio matter actually Started to spread under the floorboard into the pop out for the master bedroom bed We see it ran through the the floorboard and the carpet to spread out So we're gonna have to pull out the frame to the to the pop out bed And then we are also going to have to go underneath the RV shower and see how far it ran on that floorboard So it expanded a little bit more than we're expecting so we're gonna this is gonna turn into a two-day job for us But we are I would say about 75% of the way done today So hopefully it'll be a quick and easy finish up tomorrow Right there see it pull the screwdriver out and drill a hole straight up Mario's feet are out of the way, so you don't drill through his foot. We go There we go, let it spin They didn't where was the bias to here you think with 17 kids you can hit the hole to here That's why I'm trying to square it off going back this way And then we just pop that whole piece up and then we'll be good to go and clean it I can see through that one hole if you just want to tell me when to stop going towards the rail Can you take that square out this pop out for the RV? There it's being held by this frame, so when it when it pushes out to close itself It's being held by this frame these these pieces and then it has a natural lip down here already built in We're gonna take the bottom lip out, so it's not really going to be held by anything So what we're looking to do is pull the whole pop out off Because we have to take this piece right here because of bio This piece right here should have been removed by whoever Replace this flooring for water damage This was already impacted by water damage. It should have been taken But now it's our responsibility to take it since we're gonna take this piece We're gonna have to take this piece too. All right, do you think you take it off? Let's take it off That'll right behind it. Yeah Real that still You still have to get under the shower. Yeah, it's one full piece It's not separate pieces. It's one full piece. Okay, so even so you work on this all under the plumbing on them on the bottom Okay, you need to just like leak out the water's not off And I take the valve off the water is just gonna set it's just gonna run right all over the floor It's gonna cause more damage than what we need when y'all hold Pull that basin up. You need a tub take the whole thing. I'll take the pipe out That's what I'm saying unscrew it down there and then screw it up top and we'll just slide this thing out Or you want to cut around it? I'm gonna cut around it.  Okay, so we can see it. It's blocked by the pipe See the water's not all I might be residual for what is all good. Look this is all water Not indicating So look on this piece over here. Yeah, except for that. Yeah, so I'd say cut it like right here Where's the coming up right here? That's what I'm saying. I'm cut it right here Split it in half this piece and this piece got to go We got to clean all this stuff out because we got to take this that's fine Let's get this cleaned up nails right through the middle of it that we couldn't see You just need to put out the bio piece So if you want to indicate to see if we want we need to cut anymore, we'll be good All right, we're out here day two of the RV bio we Learned that the RV bio because of how to find the spaces and how the pipes for both the sewage and electrical run through multiple facets of the floor and the wall that the bio was actually was able to spread and find every possible seam as we know and Find in the most intricate spots and deep into crevices that we had to continue to explore We actually only bid this job for eight hours and it has taken us It's taken three people almost two complete days to complete this job And we're not even done yet We're trying to wrap up as soon as possible, but this this job became a monster deal for us, but man, it is something that we Definitely learned from and it is great to have those experiences under our belt But hopefully we'll have this done and wrapped up pretty shortly. All right. Thanks Steve Wolf. We'll see you next time. See you next time Thanks for watching guys. Don't forget to like share Subscribe and ring that bell to be notified of the next episode for more information visit any of our locations


Everybody forced here up being 22 23 tops you a club competition stadium club chrome Soccer six box number 13 random teams do the random right now best of luck. We rip right. I'll get right into it seven one two three four five six and seven Richard H down to Larry Kay and the teams now one two three four five six and seven Arsenal Inter Milan down to PSG Retreats Arsenal Inter Milan Yahweh with Real Madrid Christian G Juventus Chris W Fenerbache sporting Allen M of Barcelona Sammy S Chelsea Lynch you with PSV in Celtic NAMQ with man United Mitchell G Bayern Salzburg Alexander with Tottenham and Benfica Alex a Manchester City Hayato with AC Milan Sammy S Liverpool Vincent B Dortmund Feyenoord and Larry Kay with PSG Another spot for sapphire brings it down to seven. I believe past halfway Well, well past halfway this point 18 spots So all right again, there are two soccer breaks two baseball breaks and two football breaks tonight guys that have spots left for our full sellout promo Every single spot purchased and it's not one of tonight's breaks. We'll get you into the promo if we fully sell out Top three in the drawing will each get $1,000 in break credit four through ten in the drawing each get ten Any national VIP gold packs so 3k and break credit? 70 gold packs. That's that's what supper grabs We fully sell out. Yeah, Alex a with Manchester City. Yep Again links in chat our results are posted on the site if you need to see them again But the results link is in chat as well. Got pink and red Gakpo for Liverpool One a box on those Fracture is Kimick for Bayern. Nice color here Orange gold force cream ademi for BVB 7 of 25 Nice ademi orange Good start to our numbered cards here Gold force Elling Holland Got her home. We're now 10-5. Dude. What a crazy game Crazy game mark Casado rookie autograph for Barcelona Refractor Tiago Silva for Chelsea glimpses of gold Fabio meretti Pink wave is Raphael layout championship contributions for AC Milan It's number 84 out of 150 Gold force Latara Martinez Championship contributions of Jude Bellingham for Borussia Dortmund as well Fracture a tucky hero Tomo Yasu for Arsenal got the got the three points against Manchester City today so Arsenal I think is In first or is it Tottenham now on the table pink wave coming up of rookie Alejandro Garnaccio 87 out of 150 Manchester United Nice Garnaccio gold force Mucoco in Bop a championship contributions Legends of Europe is Kagawa for BVB Fatih refractor Barça green aqua electric charge, Giorgio, no Chelsea Number to 225 Gold force Rashford And on to box two. I'll do number three captain this. Oh, okay Got pink and red Jota for Celtic. Oh Kyle Pitts finally had a good game. They're finally gonna throw Kyle Pitts the ball That's kind of crazy, dude Ricky refractor Rico Lewis for the Manchester City Hey, he was pretty good as Ricky season Really a little bit and then I know Literally just do not throw to him. It is actually insane He's their best receiver Solid with two goals today The draw against Brighton. I saw that Got night vision Prism Cody Gakpo Liverpool it's out of 199 for a Hashi championship contributions Legends of Europe Kaka for AC Milan Carvalho Ricky refractor for Liverpool Ricky green refractor Rico Lewis Manchester City. That's nice the 99 Goal force them bellae Goal force and Bop a that is an Antony Autograph for Manchester United the behind-the-lens autograph Fractor Federico Kisa for Juventus Got an aqua wave Jota out of 275 Celtic snowball fight Jota My guys, let's go ahead and get Sapphire filled coming up next got Jimenez goal force rookie insert for Feyenoord Let's get it going seven to go seven to go Vinnie junior championship contributions Real Madrid try to get a Vinnie junior to Orlando City Pride probably makes more than the club is worth The frack there I come a venga Real Madrid glimpses of gold Gavi That is a rookie black-and-white Prism Rico Lewis City again three to 350 go seven to go. Let's get that full sell-out promo rolling y'all See our seven goal force for Real Madrid Spots coming in Jerry with a spot in Sapphire baseball Nathan with four spots in Sapphire baseball Leo two spots in flawless football and We're born with a spot in museum baseball Two soccer to baseball and two football breaks with spots for the rest of the night To get us to our full sell-out promo Say good news for the Chiefs is that Back out there and also you're playing the Vikings Man, that's gonna be the Broncos All right, we're the Patriots have to compete with the most for For Caleb refractor Luis Figo for Inter, you know, I think Hmm, yeah, I don't know. He seems both not great Do you need both of them to win a game here though? That's a Patriots fan Clio soccer goal force That's excited to see Caleb Williams in a Patriots uniform next year Alfonso Davies championship contributions Ronaldinho legends of Europe Barcelona Refractor Jimenez rookie for Feyenoord be sure to like the stream everybody much appreciate it Ealing jr. Rookie pink wave Juventus out of 150 green yellow electric charge Javi Simons PSV out of 125 Goal force Marcus Edwards There's an autograph for Barcelona again here. This time is David Villa Goal force to Ketzel air. Well, that was a short lived Championship contributions Erling Holland Manchester City. Oh, Sasha's took it right wrong Right. Oh, something on 4th down. I guess Ricky refractor Casado Barcelona I kind of wish every now and then they would just stay with like one if no one's like super close to stay with like one freaking There's a change your contributions prism to 1.99 Gavi Barcelona It's up at Rico Rico Yeah, and they are expensive they are expensive Goal force Benzema they must have gone up as well recently too. Oh, that was close. I know that is pink and red Jude Bellingham BVB these tell Gold wave right here is a Ronaldinho. No black and gold electric charge to 35 Barcelona That is sick their card right there. There you go Barcelona Rekier factor is a Haku for sporting black and white prism sun for spurs What a 350 a half way nice Michael S with a spot in some flaws football flaws down 25 same with the mixer y'all Fewer and fewer spots available for this full sellout promo Keep coming in here seven to go on sapphire right after this is a Marita refractor for sporting gold prism rookie Valentin Carboni for inter Milan That's cool to 12 out of 50. That's pretty solid Got promise autograph rookie Antonio Silva Benfica. I want to hit a monster card here Super big auto Gonzalo Ramos the 350 Benfica Pink and red electric charge for a Hashi Celtic rookie Sharon door for Benfica black and white prism Benfica box here. That's the 350 Quite sure how to say his name hundred percent. This is the only product. He's been in so far as is a Sharon door Aqua wave autograph Marco van Basten AC Milan, that's awesome to 75. That's also a bonus hit Grats AC Milan van Basten to 75 on the auto never seen an extra auto in the stadium club before Garnaccio championship contributions man United Aqua wave in Bap a Bap a to 275 PSG and two autographs. Yep Benz imal we're on pace for a lot of number cards in this box, so we've already had like three or four. I Don't know what's going on here pink and red look a Muldritch for Real Got a Jimenez nice night vision prism rookie for firenord We're the 199 Edwards there This is a pretty good break so far To catch a layer more chases Killing a man the broying championship contributions two boxes left. You see he's not close to a hundred percent That's what they said better be doing good against the Cardinals defense, right? All right, we're sold seven on the next break Still at seven Link is in chat right now y'all we fully sell out everything There are three three thousand dollars in break credit up for grabs as well as 70 70 70 Canadian National VIP goldpacks black-and-white prism the The winner today Martin ellie 354 Arsenal the winner against city Muldritch championship contributions for Chelsea. I'll tell you what if you look at the TV every like Five seconds with red zone. You have no idea what's going on. There's no water. You have no idea Kdb, it'll be the 99 for Manchester City Kdb to 99 Cody Gakpo Another touchdown blesses Europe is Del Piero for Juventus Anyone's going against your mark chasing fantasy you lost I'll see you DJ more you might have a chance I'd be sick to my stomach if I had either one of those receivers my team did really well But I spent against the other one and it was losing somehow. Let's go on Brandon autograph again for Barcelona Have one of these earlier David Villa Rookie aqua green electric charge Enzo Fernandez for Chelsea set up 225 on the Enzo It is a green Ronaldo for PSV Eindhoven on the legends of Europe 51 of 99 nice R9 Neymar goal force Pink and red electric charge of Marcus Rashford Manchester United Is Taylor there this week? Yeah, dude seriously, let's ticket master takes all of it Aqua green rookie Mikaela Moudric for Chelsea out of 225 Chelsea with an Enzo and a Moudric on the same parallel old auto Martin Odegaard Arsenal great hit 27 of 50 you go on the Odegaard Pink waved 150 rookie Alvaro Rodriguez Real Madrid Coco legends of Europe Luis Figo refractor with these tell Another prism champion contributions of Gavi out of 199. I honestly don't know. I haven't thought about that at all Gold Force Hollands Pink red electric charge, Georgino for Arsenal Fractor Kuleshevsky spurs Giorana glimpses of gold Jude Bellingham championship championship contributions Pulisic refractor Chelsea. Come on one more big parallel here in the last three packs was Yala Yeah, people people people are surprised that a lot of people get surprised at Odegaard's Market but it's is very high green yellow electric charge Pedro Barca 7 of 125 Bape Contributions. All right All right, number to 350 we had Martinelli and or son to one to 350 275 is Jota and Bape to 225 Moudric, Georgino Enzo To 199 Gakpo and Jimenez to 150 Leal Garnaccio Alvaro Rodriguez Eileen jr. To 125 Zabby Simons Petry to 99 Rico Luis Ronaldo Kevin de Bruyne to 50 Valentin Carpone to 35 was Ronaldinho 25 out of yummy autos of David Villa twice Antonio Silva Antony Marc Casado van baston aqua wave instead of 75 And gold auto of Odegaard Arsenal with the biggie 27 to 50 that'll do it. Thanks again everybody. You're moving on now to some sapphire


I can't stress enough how important it is to seek out and hang out with people who inspire you. Being inspired is an important thing. And hanging out with the people that inspire you really helps you get to where you want to be because negativity is never a good thing. Saw a post on Facebook about starting up an MSP group of people, and there were limitations on what the annual revenue was. And somebody commented that I liked what you were talking about until you put a limitation on it. Because if you're making $500,000 in revenue, if you're making $10 million in revenue, that $10 million person actually was that $500,000 person at one point. How did he get to that $10 million? And why don't you want to know about that? Right, and a quick clarification. The cap was, we had a bottom where we had to have, in this group, people are talking about, all right, we're gonna get together and have a talk of business owners, but they do have some minimums, so you're not just starting out, so you're someone who's had some success, got some processes down, so you can share some knowledge, but that upper limit of, oh, we don't want someone who's too successful in here. I'm like, what are you talking about? I need to know that someone who's willing to take the time to impart some wisdom about how they got to and how they scaled their systems to handle that. Yes, you do have different challenges at $10 million a year in revenue than you do at $500,000 a year in revenue. You're probably handling a lot of different things, but if I ever plan to achieve there, I wanna hear from that person, maybe they're doing things I don't need to do now, but it's also that checklist of what I will be needing to do in order to get to those different revenue spots. This is something that you just don't put a cap on it, and it's why I also said it's about who you surround yourself with, and it's really small thinking to say, I don't wanna surround myself with people who are, well, way too successful or way out of my league type thing or whatever that category is in your head. Why wouldn't you? Yeah, why wouldn't you? This is something I've always done, is I've had a lot of people in my life who are more successful, but also inspire me because they've done something, or maybe they've made an exit from a business and they're on the other side of it and go, they just have a lot of wisdom in part. I'm like, these are the people I always try to surround myself with, and it's been tough.  They don't inspire me. There's nothing in my head that says, well, I just want those people because it makes me feel good that I'm more successful than them. That's never mattered to me, and that's why me and Brett are right here right now. This video is monetized on YouTube, which will make us probably $10 over the next few months. It's not where we're doing most of this because we want to also share the knowledge we have, share our successes we've had. Brett comes from the insurance industry owning, would you have 27 agencies? No, not that many. No, gosh, no, not even close, four. But they were big, but it's just one thing. That's a totally different topic if you think about it. But either way, Brett, someone I found and surrounded myself with is among those inspiring, successful people that eventually landed him working here. And you have to have those friend circles.  It creates your thoughts. So who you communicate with is important to your business because are the people in the same like and mindset that you are, are they doing the same things you're doing? Are they doing more? And what can you learn from what they did? Because people who are successful made a lot of mistakes. Why not learn from those people that are successful? Seek out those people, find them, and have them become part of your sphere of influence. You do that, Tom, all the time.  I'm just a hands down. You need to know more people, I'm just saying. Yeah, it's getting those people that are successful to help you because real successful people, and you said this to me this morning, real successful people want to help others. They do. It's part of your success. And that's honestly, because before we end this video, I do want to leave you with a few tips of, because cool saying all this, but let's, where do you find those people, Brett? Right, networking, going to places where those people are going to to learn more about other businesses. Yeah, hang out with, if you're in the business world or the tech world too, because I got it one foot in both. If you looked at through my podcasting, I've done stuff like that. I've got to interview some really cool people. I've got to meet Jeffrey Snowver twice and interview him. I've got to meet some really cool people at Microsoft, and you're probably going to be people at Microsoft. Aren't you a Linux guy? Well, guess what? Jeffrey Snowver's a really wicked smart person. And I was privileged to interview him, but that all came through connections I had made here and there, and that was all through the Sunday morning links through podcast for you trying to Google where I connect with some of these people, but I connect with them over Twitter. I connect them on that. I'm seeking out tech people. I'm seeking out business people. I have a lot of friends, but it's just a matter of seeking out and offering help. And hey, you know, can I help in some way? You'll find a lot of them are willing to help as well. It's just back and forth, make those friends. It does sacrifice time. I don't spend time with some of the people I grew up with. And I also realize some of those people are probably not people I should have hung out with as long as I did. It's a tough decision sometimes. It's not like, I'm saying words to sounds easy, but it's not easy in real life doing it, but still go out and seek out those people and start engaging with them on Twitter in the tech world. Or like Brent said, going to business events and things like that where chambers of commerce and things. Sending an email real quick to somebody, but not a book, a couple sentences of, hey, I'd like to get together with you because I want to find out how you became successful. Use those words. Turns out, simple as when I say tweet, I say things like tweet when I read a book, I'll go and thank the author. Go say thank you to an author of a book. You'll be surprised how much engagement you may get with them. Alexis O'Hanion, founder of Reddit. Had a conversation with him when he released his book, kind of a story of all the stuff, a great book is called Without Their Permission and about founding of Reddit and some of the things he's founded. And he also narrated the audio book and my conversation quickly turned into, here's a guy that founded Reddit, an amazing level of success and also replied back, how was my voice? I was kind of nervous reading it. Like, that was how the conversation started with me and Alexis O'Hanion. Like, I thought it was awesome. Yeah, and it's as simple as that. You can go meet these people, you can get engaged with them, start with a common interest with them. Like, you read their book and actually, by the way, take the time to read people's books. Yeah, don't say I read your book and you didn't read it. You can call out on that and you'll make an enemy of going on or you'll make someone, but enemy's not the right word. Someone who may not re-engage with you though. Surround yourself with people that inspire you. That's it. And what's this week, Tom? Thanksgiving. Thanksgiving. Yeah. So, hey, happy Thanksgiving, everybody. Yep, happy Thanksgiving and have a great time. Thanks. All right.


Namaste everyone. I am Dr. Jayanthi Shastri, ENT head and neck surgeon, Manipal Hospital, Maleshwaram, Bangalore. Today I would like to speak about functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Actually I would like to go through what it is done for and what are the symptoms for which the patient should approaches for this surgery and everything. To begin with let me explain what are sinuses. Sinuses are air spaces in the skull. There are four sets of sinuses sphenoid sinus, frontal sinus, ethmoidal sinus and maxillary sinus. So they are connected to the nose through small meia tie. Meia tie means there are small holes in the nose which connect these sinuses to the nose. The importance of these sinuses are that they are supposed to make the lead light weighted and also it helps in the keeping the nose moist because it keeps producing the sinus linings keeps producing mucus which keeps the nose moist which is very important to protect the body against bacteria and other pollutants. Also it helps in these sinuses help in a particular circular motion of the mucus so that everything is thrown out through the holes in the nose. They are called meia tie. So now let me tell you what is sinusitis. Sinusitis means blocked inflamed or infected sinuses are called sinusitis. You can see in the picture that on the left side there is inflamed sinus on the right side it is a healthy sinus. This is a schematic diagram of the face which shows the different sinuses. What are the symptoms of sinusitis? First of all there is discharge from the nose or it can be from the posterior end of the nose into the throat. This is called post nasal drip. What happens with the post nasal drip is that it irritates the throat and hence the patient may have a hacking cough. Hacking cough in the sense it may be a dry cough which is a very irritating cough. The next symptom is this nasal congestion. What will happen? The lining of the nose gets swollen and there is inflammation in the lining of the nose and there is collection of mucus because of which there is a lot of nasal congestion. That means to say there is a kind of a blockage in the nose and there is pain and tenderness. As shown in the picture it is the pain and tenderness is in this area normally. That is because the congested nose actually causes pressure on the nerves of the nose surrounding nerves and thus causes pain in these areas. Then comes dizziness. Dizziness is because one thing is that the mucus is collected in the sinuses and hence the face becomes heavy and when you lift the face sometimes the patient can go off balance. That is one of the reasons. The second reason is that there is a congestion in the tube running between nose and the ear called the eustachian tube which in turn causes negative pressure in the ear causing there is a balancing apparatus in the ear which balances our body. The pressure is in turn exerted on that hence there can be a loss of balance. Then comes headache. Why congestion and inflammation actually causes the muscles around the head to tighten up and that is the reason why there will be headache. There is decreased sense of smell because as such as I said the lining of the nose is all swollen up so the smell sensation is difficult to reach the nerves in the which is present at the root of the nose and hence there can be a loss of sense of smell. So if there is loss of sense of smell there will be loss of sense of taste also because it will be salt and sweet can be tasted but there will be a kind of a bland flat taste to the food during this time. Bad breath. There can be bad breath because the patient basically because of the nasal blockage he breathes through the mouth and that is one of the reasons for the bad breath. The other reason is there is collection of mucus in the sinuses in which the bacteria grows that can cause also bad breath. Also there can be sometimes fungal infection in this mucus which is especially true in a patient who has diabetes and that is actually an emergency to do FES also functional endoscopic sinus surgery. I will come to it later and also because of the post nasal drip there can be a foul odor from the mouth. Then there will be a normally there will be a low grade fever in acute infections just when there is when the infection starts there will be a low grade fever and because as I said cough because of the post nasal drip there can be a hacking cough in this patients. Fatigue that is another very important symptom because one thing is there won't be proper sleep because of the nasal blockage and the patient will be breathing through the mouth because of that and also there will be a loss of appetite because of which the patient will be very fatigued and because of the infection itself that bacteria and virus would have worn out the patient so much that they will be feeling tired always. So what are the few causes I am just eliminating a few causes of the sinusitis these are for because of mechanical obstruction I am just telling you about the mechanical obstruction. As you can see in the first picture there is a deviated nasal septum that is DNS I have written there is a deviated nasal septum to the right. In this case what happens the septum actually goes and occludes that area where the sinus opens and hence there will be collection of mucus in that area and causes sinusitis. The second picture you can see there is a hypertrophied inferior turbinate. The inferior turbinate is there are three turbinates first of all in the nose there are three turbinates superior middle and inferior. The inferior turbinate is the one which actually is exposed to all the allergens and things like that on the pollutants. So when an allergen settles on it slowly to kill the allergen it will start increasing in size. So in people who have a lot of allergy the inferior turbinate would have increased in size so much key that it will be blocking the nose in such a way that it also will block the entrance to the sinuses and hence causes sinusitis. And in people who have a lot of allergy what happens the sinus linings they will start becoming so thickened that they will start protruding out of the holes in the between the nose and the sinuses and cause something like a bunch of grips it will appear like like the third picture which shows it is called the nasal polyp. So all these things can actually be the cause of sinusitis it develops into a chronic sinusitis that means to say a sinusitis which is lasting for more than three months or recurrent sinusitis that means to say at least four or five attacks of sinusitis in one year. So when this happens what we should do so first of all when the patient comes to us we take a proper history asking how many times how many attacks in a year and how long does the attack stay and how sick is the patient will he be able to work or not work and what is his sleep pattern during this time whether he will be able to sleep well or not or is this disturbing his sleep and is there any snoring and we take all this history and finally do the examination. When I do an examination first of all a simple examination of the nose which tells us whether there is any deviated nasal septum whether there is any hypertrophied inferior turbinates whether there is any nasal polyps or any allergic rhinitis allergic rhinitis means we can make it out with the help of these turbinates as I said it would have swollen and there will be a pale mucosa and things like that. Also in children and we look for adenoid hypertrophy. Adenoid is a gland which is present behind the nose and it enlarges in size and it is present up to 13 years of age. It enlarges in size and causes occlusion of the airway. So many patients which are operated when they are even 16 17 years many times you can find this adenoids and at that time when we operate for the nose deviation and things like that we also remove the adenoids so that extra blockage problem will not be there. So after doing this basic examination then we go ahead with the diagnostic endoscopy. As shown in the picture the diagnostic endoscopy consists of an endoscope cable light cable camera and a monitor. So with the help of and in it is an office procedure with diagnostic endoscopy is an office procedure wherein we introduce about 10% xylokene into the nose and then after making the patient comfortable we introduce an endoscope into the nose and monitor it on the see it on the monitor and check out for all this whatever I said DNS nasal polyps and things like that which is leading on to this kind of acute sinusitis. So when we find out that this is an acute sinusitis and it is not a very long term long standing case that time we give treatment with medications like antibiotics, antihistaminics, decongestants and sometimes mild steroids, a few nasal sprays etc these things are the basic treatment. When the patient does not respond to this medical line of treatment then what do we have to do? If we repeated medical line of treatment maybe two or three times if it the patient is not responding then we go ahead and do a further investigation called CT scan of the paranesal sinuses. This CT scan is taken in three planes that is the coronal plane, axial plane and the sagittal plane as shown in the picture. In the coronal plane you can see in this picture that the right sided sinus is completely filled and the left side is free. So also in this axial picture also you can see one sinus is filled and one sinus is free. In the sagittal picture you can see that all the sinuses are free. So this is how we correlate how the sinusitis is and where all it is present and depending on that we will have to go ahead with the surgery. So now in some cases before going to FESS before telling you that in all cases we cannot do a medical line of treatment because especially in patients with diabetes and who are having fungal sinusitis an immediate surgery is required or sometimes even with bacterial sinusitis which is threatening to open into the eyes or into the brain then also immediate surgery is required. So now let me tell you what is FESS? FESS it started in the early 1990s. It is called functional endoscopic sinus surgery. It is a minimally invasive surgery and it is effective in removing all these obstructions. As I said we can do septoplasty that is straightening of the septum. We can remove the polyps and we can open up the sinuses to remove all the deceased mucosa and things like that with the help of this one without opening from outside. So how is it done? The instruments required as shown in the picture those the OT setup will be like this and the doctor is standing the patient is lying down the doctor stands on the right side and introduces the nasal endoscope into the nose and with the help of the camera the whole picture appears on the monitor and seeing the monitor we actually operate in the nose. So actually there won't be any outside incisions or scars or anything of that sort. The instrument set you can see on the other side is a very precise tiny instruments which go into the nose to remove all this unwanted disease. Recovery phase the patient will have a minimal swelling and mild to and pain for about week or so there will be mild congestion in the nose and the patient will be discharged normally on the same day of the surgery. Sometimes if the patient is tried on the next day and within 15-20 days almost the patient will be able to breathe well and most of them can resume duty within a week. So what is the benefits of this surgery? It is a minimally invasive surgery. It is has got long lasting results. It has minimal pain nose scar on the nose and there is little or no post surgical bleeding that is after surgery there may be little bleeding but not much and the there is less tissue removal. By less tissue removal I mean to say we don't remove the normal tissues we remove only the diseased tissue. So that is a big advantage in this kind of surgery. So thank you you can see a plate filled with food there. If you want to taste the food nicely having with aroma then getting rid of the sinus disease is very very important. If you have any questions regarding the talk I just now give you can put it in the comment box. I will try to answer that and if you like this talk you can share it to others so that others also will be benefited and if you follow our Manipal Hospital page we can meet in further sessions like this. Thank you.


To see 99 golden ticket Michael Vick. I don't think you are huge shout out to will for let me use his team Well, you're a goat, bro So me and will we're talking about using this team right a week after we were talking about it He goes yo dude. I just pulled golden ticket Michael Vick. He's gonna be added to the squad I literally didn't even try to get this card when it came out because I was nowhere near close to 5.5 mil And he pulled it On top of that Todd Gurley now a Falcon we're gonna use him Eric Dickerson I think is better, but I just refuse to stoop to that level that dude is so good Julio Devon Hester Calvin Ridley Tony G In 99 kind of a whack offensive line. I will say Falcons do not have a good offensive line But whatever we had Todd Gurley Vic obviously then Devon Hester with the X factors Let me show you what abilities were rocking. We got gunslinger escape artist dashing that I human joystick Enjoy stick on that Michael Vic on Gurley. We got jukebox spin cycle inside zone guru. That's a good mesh That's all you need there and then Devon Hester can't fumble and he has to do a stick 99 Brian pool 99 prime time of course 99 Deon Jones my arch nemesis Jesse Tuggle Devondra Campbell Dante Fowler It's a lower overall than some of the teams we've been seeing but I still think it's probably better Slowly because it has the best quarterback in the game quite literally the best quarterback Additionally you guys I have a brand new sponsor. I am so excited to announce this one today's video is sponsored by gamer bread I got some right here with me. They sent it to me and this stuff Slaps they sent me a promo reel as well. They're playing it for you right now We can talk more about it to be at the top of your game. You need fuel Introducing gamer bread the world's first high-performance bread made for gamers It's got an ambidextrous grip strengthen fingers and improve dexterity get it now at gamer bread now calm Gamer bread gamer bread.   At least you can be happy. It wasn't a Raid Shadow Legends ad right well I've got a surprise for you additionally today's video is sponsored by Raid Shadow Legends I am dead serious to this is actually sponsored by Raid Shadow Legends I know you've seen a million of these ads so if at this point you actually haven't downloaded it. I don't know why Forget everything that you know about mobile gaming Raid Shadow Legends blows it out of the water Raid is an RPG where you can collect Hundreds of different champions level them up give them new weapons upgrade them and then take them into battle Also, if you're a new player, there's a really big bonus you can get you'll get a hundred thousand free silver XP booster and energy refill and a free champion called the executioner all that you can get for free If you are a new player and you use the link in the top of the description and all that will be in the top Right of your screen in the little chest icon you might as well check it out at this point top of description enjoy the rest of Video that is a beautiful top three and he's got he's got squad too. All right.  Yeah, whoops my bad. I was severely out of position on that I'm still gonna send the blitz though. Let's see if this is a run to Barry Sanders Oh, this is totally right because he's motioning the tight end. I'm on Dion Jones It's gonna be a left side stretch. Oh Barry sinks through but great. What are you running? There's no way you're passing this I don't believe it. He's passing it. I should have believed it. He throws an out route your corny Come on. We play in a sweater and house rules right now man second and four. We got ourselves a stretch run Oh my god, we really are seeing a sweater and house rules. Oh my god. Are you gonna do another stretch?  Oh? Play action. No, I couldn't get to it. I was totally there for that I couldn't get to it definitely a run play coming up here. I just hope this isn't a counter This will murder me in this encounter It's just a dive up the middle, but solid defense Dion Jones is there to stop it. I don't know what he's going like here He's got a pass Dude, you're so corny out routes and stretches. Come on, bro. Let's see what he goes with. He's doing it again We stop him. He tried to know how to be out route, but we were on it Vic Beasley I just want to go off with this Vic bro. Yeah, Tony G and crumpler. We got so many good tight ends. Oh That's why oh Tony G. Oh We just barely got that catch. That's third and two. I don't want to pre-determine, but I really wanted pre-determined I really want Vic to have this ball. Let's see what he goes with. Oh Was that the read? Yes. Do we got the spin? Yes, Michael Vic take it off golden ticket Michael Vic good read All right, we're into the fourth quarter. No scoring yet so far though. I like what we're doing I'm gonna go RPO read bubble. Let's see what happens here.  Yeah, Calvin Ridley's guy My controller completely just wigged out. I meant to cut that left inside.  Why does Julio just look like he's so open or ring Tony G over to block for me on the left side Julio, yes. Oh, maybe not maybe not lost. I get that. I didn't need to catch it But why did Julio get lost? Well, that's okay.   Oh It's a play action. Ah, it's gonna be time. It's gonna be so open. This is exactly the way I started last drive All right, now we're pulling off. Wow cool out round. You're really creative and good at this game This looks like a run of some variation. Is it a right side stretch? Wow, you're creative greaty Jarrett greaty Jarrett with the play of the game That was looking like a touchdown. That was huge stop Let's hold on to a field goal and then go get a touchdown Play action. This is what he's been running this whole game Good stop. Hey, that's fourth and seven. Take your field goal. He's taking this field goal I'm gonna say at the edge. Oh, just in case he's faking this Dude, he had a focus kicker. He had the ability of his kicker. You know what I'm saying?   I'm gonna hand this off to Todd Gurley. It just feels like there's too much room here to not Insights dude, are you kidding me? Everybody was blocked. I'm gonna do the exact same thing. Actually, no I'm gonna run PA jailbreak screen. This PA jailbreak screen is so gonna be there. Come on. Let me get the pass off Yes, sir.  What was that?  This is so frustrating. He's running press coverage. I'm gonna go Dickerson out of the backfield. Oh My god Calvin Ridley caught that but he jumped in the air so high that he didn't land his feet in Look at this That's actually how you breaks a tackle. He lurked the corner out all on his own The game is still winnable. We're going with the read option right here. It says there's no read key on my screen Which is kind of weird Hey, okay, okay? Okay, let's go. You think I can hit Hester here? All right, I'm gonna hit him. Yes, sir. Why don't the Devon Hester human joystick?  Okay, we're going for two and we're doing read option to I'm a straight up not reading it It is going to Michael this is gonna be ugly.  Yes, sir Michael Vic. Oh my god. Hold your block. He's got a vomit my issue right now.   This is bad This is actually oh wait. We got it. Come on take a seat. Dude. He's like an 88 overall.  We're playing a Seahawks team team. Let's go Falcons versus Seahawks Wow two different teams that choked against the Patriots in Super Bowl pretty cool We're gonna try a touch pass to Devon Hester to start this game out Because I mean we got human joystick, right? Oh Wow, I couldn't have played that worse. All right. Let's see if he is smart enough He's definitely smart enough to QB spy, but can it stop me is the question. Yeah, you know what? It can't I just figured out it can't this is aggressive. Oh, whoa What did dude? I just blitzed the whole team and he still had a freebie hole up the middle Hey, it's winnable the name of the game today is winnable. All right. P.A. Joe break screen This thing has been unsuccessful Got it off P.A. Joe exchange been tough because the plays kind of been glitching out a little bit recently But that was solid right there.  Oh, no Girlie was so open I'm gonna throw it. Oh Somebody get there. Somebody get there. Dude.   Hey, it's still winnable boys. Just cuz it's ugly doesn't mean it's not winnable I'm going on Brian pool. That's my user now Okay. Hey good. Good stop. Good stop. All right, so this is gonna be some sort of verse concept We kind of figure. Oh, I dare you bomb that up there.  Is it Dickerson or has it's Hester Duh? Why I didn't say that bet human joystick return on the way. Let's see it. Yes.  Okay. Yes. He plays a hat back.  This is crucial right here It's fourth and six and I absolutely have to get the conversion Devin Hester could be there right over the top Tony G I just gotta make my read Right there slant Julio with the catch. Oh Oh Calvin Ridley Wide open and he makes the contest to catch. I kind of want to lob it to Tony G I feel like he's my most reliable threat here Tony G get to the back of the end zone Get there. Oh, that hurts so bad. Like I really made the play. All right I think though. He's in the wrong defense here. He is a hundred percent the wrong defense here Julio Okay, well I got all stressed out over the last thing and then we just got probably one of the easiest touch as we could Have gotten we're just gonna go. Oh, no, I'm in a blitz. I don't want to be in a blitz Shit. No, don't sort me. Oh Oh, is Brian pool fast enough? Good good good good good. I'm really happy with how that went.  It's a dive variation. Are you kidding?  I was right there Kind of got deep though. This could be an inside zone Yes, yes inside zone. Yes. Good D fourth and one you want that field goal or you want to end the game Because if he gets it he ends the game. Wow, he's really gonna go for the field goal Are you gonna put this ball in my hand and it or are you faking this? I Can't I cannot agree with that call You gotta go for that every time because you're giving me a chance to single-handedly win the game for myself right now Hey bite on Dickerson and I got a lot of room bite bite. Oh, we didn't bite, but I'm gonna go off the middle. Oh My god, they still took it that far. He's still gonna QB spy me every single time But we just got to make the raid find the open man. It's probably gonna be Tony G here Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Tony G big hit.  There's so much room there. I'm handing Let's go Did you take that field goal big what a clutch do that read option up the middle is one of the day displays I think I never thought that was so sick I'm gonna keep the blitz is hot actually because if he wants to throw anything underneath and let the clock Chew totally fine by me. I wish I could tell you what that throw was but I can't prime time get up The team is the one that completely clutched two games. All right boys, that's it for focus team team I gotta say as of right now, I think I've recorded eight or nine teams and this by far was the most fun one I have to say for sure. All right boys. That's it. Thanks for watching as always. I'll see you in the next video Peace out


The length of my sessions tend to be a little bit longer than average therapy. The length of my sessions are between 90 minutes and two hours. And the reason for this is because we really just get into a flow. We really get into a flow of what it's the whole thing of why we're there and what it is that we are working on together. And if you're doing regular therapy in 45, 50, 55 minute sessions, oftentimes we're just getting into a flow and then 10 minutes later your session's over. So we sort of miss out on those opportunities. So getting enough history is important, but also having time to do some processes to actually do something about it so that we are not just going over the same things repetitively over and over again. The idea is to be able to make change quickly.


What's up? How are you guys today doing something a little different? I'm going to show you 10 foods that I've been getting from Whole Foods whether it's something I eat every day or maybe something that I'll just Enjoy when I'm in a rush and have not eaten all day and for the most part these foods are minimally inflammatory They fit my current diet, but you know, they're not necessarily the best or exactly that affordable So we'll start with the things that I eat pretty frequently and are acceptable to me on a daily basis And then towards the end we'll do the other thing So you guys have seen these a lot in my recent day of eating organic udon noodles And I like these because regular pasta is made with durum wheat semolina, which can be high in anti-nutrients It's inflammatory. It's not that great for your liver, but this pasta is made from hard red winter wheat, which is Basically white flour they hull it they grind it up removing that outer shell reduces the anti-nutrient content So if I want to enjoy noodles, I really like this as an easy quick carbohydrate source only a few minutes in boiling water But it is low in fiber So I try to add like some bean puree or have some extra apples or or something else in the meal to keep that Motility going but these are very very good excellent completely organic I have this and a lot of the other stuff on my Amazon shop It does get a little expensive using like the bottled water to boil these every day plus the cost of it But hey, you know, you can't be healthy and be cheap at the same time next up we have Organic cannellini beans obviously it's better if you can just get the raw beans soak them yourself and boil them But they do have these cardboard containers, which I'm guessing are a little bit less full of toxins than the Regular aluminum cans and really any white bean or I got something on my eye guys probably my eyelash or something any sort of White bean whether it's cannellini beans butter beans or navy beans are very very minimally inflammatory They're great for detoxing the liver Excellent source of fiber and most people should really be having them in their diet every single day I mean especially considering they are a good source of balanced minerals that you don't typically get whether it's Malibu no manganese boron Beans are excellent. Excellent. Excellent. This is probably the most important food to have in your diet here that we're going over today Next up I guess we can do the coconut aminos Which is basically a soy sauce substitute a healthy version they take the coconut tree sap They ferment it and add a little bit of sea salt So it has the saltiness it has the sweetness and it has that kind of slight umami flavor obviously soy sauce You know does taste a little better, but this is healthy. You can use it every day It's minimally inflammatory and it's really for taste So if you're making like some type of Chinese or Japanese style recipe, this is really where you would use it You could take like slices of raw beef and dip it in this. It's really really really delicious I'm a big fan of these. I've been using them for years, although Not necessarily that often maybe only a few times a month because you know sometimes I crave it sometimes I like it sometimes I'm doing recipes, but for the most part I usually just put a little bit of salt on my food And I guess next up in frequency would probably be this apple cinnamon oatmeal, which is just convenient You know sprouted well, maybe not sprouted, but just organic steel cut oats that you make yourself are also very very good This is just super convenient and it's pretty minimal ingredient oats cane sugar dehydrated apples natural flavors cinnamon and sea salt Only thing I don't like in here is cinnamon I'm assuming they're not adding that much because cinnamon can be pretty inflammatory to the liver and The natural flavors usually aren't that bad So to have this a few times a week You know it's definitely not the end of the world and and making something similar to this yourself might be a little time-consuming and difficult And then we have sauerkraut. This is the brand I like the other brands have like caraway in them and some other seasonings that aren't too tasty because this is just cabbage and sea salt It's lacto fermented, which means they just put salt on the cabbage Let it ferment for you know a few days to a few weeks and then the product is finished You know I put this on sandwiches sometimes. I'll put it on hot dogs mix it into various things You could even have it just as like a side dish on your plate Like if you're having steak with rice and beans You can put a little sauerkraut on there, too Or use the sauerkraut as your source of fiber if you're willing to eat quite a bit of it, but This is something that I would consider eating every day. That's very very very healthy probiotic content isn't super high But it's definitely minimally inflammatory and very very good for you So I guess next up we can talk about some of the fruit. We have some golden raisins You know the darker color the food is usually the higher anti-nutrient content So you know like red wines or red grapes or black grapes are gonna be worse for you Then something lighter colored like these golden raisins But you also want to be mindful of the sugar content and not overeat these but there are very very good source of minerals You know even just looking on the back plenty of potassium a little bit of iron and they do have all the other plant-based minerals too Like boron so you know having a handful of raisins even every day like this Is just really really good for you and there's no reason you should not What's not as great, I guess This is a dehydrated pineapple I mean, I guess it's okay still it's just a little concentrated in sugar because of the way they make this but it's only pineapple So it's similar to the raisins in a sense that it's pure fruit And just to me these are a little more palatable And it's very easy to overeat these and they're not as sweet as shading but I guess the only downside of these is they might get a little bit expensive if you want to have a few of them at once but Still an excellent excellent product and I guess the plastic contact with the food is a little high Compared to the other stuff here because it's just like all plastic and the raisins yet There's plastic, but they're not like vacuum sealed to the plastic and I don't think any of the other products here really have that much plastic content because some of them are in glass and The rest of them are in kind of aluminum or something else. So next up we have the Organic better than bullion roast beef base and I was very surprised when I looked at the ingredient list on this because there's usually something that Just makes me omit it as something acceptable to include in my diet So we do have the collagen bone broth on Frankie syringe meat and I almost always make a Reinforced one by adding more roasted meat to it and having a super flavorful Healthy like broth and soup to eat every day for vitamins and amino acids However, if I feel like adding more flavor to it or if I don't have that and I want to add a little flavor to something This is okay. Again, I've only used it a handful of times But you know roasted beef salt cane sugar Multilection garlic powder yeast extract celery juice concentrate food starch onion powder caramel color natural flavor You know, it doesn't have vegetable seed oils in it. It doesn't have like palm oil in it It doesn't have all these like really really bad negative things in it So it's pretty good. The taste isn't amazing, you know, but you know for the price What you're getting the convenience? It's it's not bad. It's not bad If you want to add some quick flavor to something and maybe use it a few times a month Kind of surprised with that product Then we have I guess something that's more on the enjoyable end. This is poppy prebiotic soda ginger lime and you know when they have Probiotic drinks in the supermarket. You can just assume the bacteria is dead and it's not really an effective probiotic That's why we have you know, we have some ginger water kefir here from Frankie syringe meat That's a very live active probiotic that will heal your gut this stuff I just drink it because I kind of like it obviously the aluminum can is kind of a no-go But you know, they have filtered water organic apple cider vinegar organic sugar lime juice lemon juice natural flavors and Stevia So if you just want something quick to drink at the supermarket or Whole Foods, that's tasty The poppy ginger lime soda is okay. The other flavors they have do have some kind of inflammatory ingredients in them Which is why we have the ginger lime here. And there's also another company called Kavita that makes probiotic drink as well I don't like promoting them because you know, they're using the name Kavita and they're making water kefir But it's not really water kefir So they're kind of being misleading in their marketing implying that their drink has a probiotic effect, which it really doesn't That's why you know, I drink this water kefir every day Although if I'm in a rush and just want something besides water to drink at Whole Foods the poppy probiotic soda or the Kavita Probiotic drink and like lemon ginger. That's what I've had on occasion and I guess last but not least is Bella codfish in extra version olive oil haven't really had this but a lot of you guys talk about canned fish and convenience and I saw this in the store and If you're going to get any sort of canned fish to me The only thing really acceptable is cod, you know, it's leaner. It probably not storing as many toxins So if you're gonna eat one type of fish on occasion, that's not like caviar or salmon row This isn't bad, you know If you had two of these maybe alongside some rice or some starch for lunch Then you know, the only real concern here is possibly the histamine content because it's just cod olive oil garlic onion and sea salt you definitely want to rinse the oil off of these but Not a bad choice for canned fish and for convenience So there's 10 things No, man, I need to drink some water.  So as usual guys, please drop a like on the video and leave a comment down below Subscribe so that YouTube cannot subscribe you next week and be sure to check that notification bell So they don't notify you of my videos. Thanks for joining guys and I'll see you soon