All right, so as I mentioned, the Academy doesn't really focus on project planning or broader management issues. So we have another Academy for that. Okay. But one really important thing that I want to highlight at the bottom here. The Academy works under the assumption that you have previous experience in DHS to configuration, this doesn't necessarily mean tracker programs, but understanding you know what the maintenance app is and how to create data elements for example. Having created at minimum an event program before, because we kind of work through some of those concepts a bit quicker in this Academy, and we review them briefly, but we don't get into the same level of detail we would if we're introducing them for the first time. So if you feel as you're going through some of the material that you know, there are concepts that you haven't really heard of before. Then you know you can let us know we won't really have a ton of time necessarily to go through them but we can kind of see the best way to help you. If we can maybe point you to some resources that you could have a look at for example, to try and get up to speed with some of the information that we're presenting over the next couple sessions because each session really builds upon itself. And it's going to be kind of challenging to kind of keep up if you're behind on one of the concepts. All right. So we can just talk about kind of the broad learning goals and the learning objectives for this Academy so kind of broadly this Academy is really about the increasing the ability to describe specific tracker features and increasing the ability to configure specific tracker features now there's a lot more kind of detail around this but just broadly speaking this is kind of what we're aiming to do within the global VHS to community. When we look at what we want you to be able to do by the end of the Academy. So be able to configure these tracker programs within DHS to also configure the correct user access and authorities related to accessing tracker programs, and also be able to supplement these tracker programs for the use of some of these additional configuration features so program rules program indicators and program notifications are kind of the big ones that come to mind. All right. And we're hoping by the end you can achieve this at some degree. And of course you know this is meant to be kind of a continuous learning so, as I mentioned, you know you might not learn everything you need to exactly for your specific use case at this time but we're hoping that we give you broad principles that you can build upon makes it a lot easier for you to kind of apply this when you try this on your own in your own specific use cases. All right, so if you look at some of the specific learning objectives what we're going to cover and we'll also go over the agenda in quite a bit of detail. We will define the tracker data model in DHS to that's kind of the first thing we're going to cover in tomorrow's session. So if you who went through some of the other courses or have some previous training in DHS to you'll know that the aggregate model, there's a model for aggregate metadata and data as we refer to it, as well as the event kind of metadata and data and we'll be working through the tracker specifics. I'm sorry here my bottom bar keeps popping up. We'll also look at applying that tracker data model to a couple of different use cases. So we'll look specifically at you know how this model effects, you know, different ways, different modalities of tracker programs that can be built in DHS to. We will actually go through the process of creating a tracker program and you'll have the opportunity to create a tracker program it will be based on a use case that we're providing to you in this in this kind of environment. We will talk about creating and modifying user roles and user groups in DHS to and combine this with this principle called sharing settings. Hopefully this is familiar to you. If you have some experience with events, you'll know that or even aggregate data sets, the sharing settings are quite a critical part of providing access to various parts of your system in DHS to. We'll also be looking at a concept called program access levels. I'll describe that a bit more later on, but there's this concept that allows you to basically do some interesting things with who can access the program, depending on you know which which organization units in your hierarchy they can search. And then we'll look at creating program rules indicators and notifications in DHS to and we will spend a fair amount of time on this in the sessions that we have allocated for these topics. So, before I continue any further I want to have a look at the agenda here so. So this is the agenda that was shared with you and sent out to you previously. So I'm just going to go through the various sessions and of course if there are any questions or anything about the content, feel free to, you know just use the raise hand function, and we will try to address those as best we can. All right. So today, as I mentioned we're just going to kind of go through some of the logistics of the Academy itself. Right now we're going through the overview, and we'll do a bit of an introduction as well. We'll introduce you to the learning platform so for those of you who haven't had the opportunity to look at the Moodle or sign up for Moodle we'll just walk through those instructions. And also the DHIS two systems that we'll be using, at least for the first part of the course, get you to sign into those and anyone who has not yet joined Slack as well so Slack is a messaging system we can use both during and after the sessions if you have any questions. And unlike the Zoom chat it won't just go away when this closes so it's useful for kind of maintaining that history of questions if we're not able to address them immediately for example. On, we'll also actually on day one take a little bit of a group photo. So we'll just get you to turn your webcam is on that's not on the agenda here but I think we have enough time we won't keep you during the entire allocated time today I think, because this will be, you know a shorter session today. All right. So on Monday so tomorrow, we're going to get into kind of the beginning of the content and we're just going to jump right into it, and discuss the tracker data model. So, you know, for those of you who are a bit familiar with the event data model or even aggregate data model, you know there's very specific kind of DHIS to terminology we use, and we map this to kind of real life, you know, constants or materials or use cases that are on the inside of DHS to, and the main principle to kind of get around here is that you know we generally don't just jump from receiving a set of requirements or data collection tools or indicators, and just go in DHS to and make them we can kind of have a process of kind of thinking through what makes sense. Before we do that, and we just want to discuss that a little bit, both in terms of your data collection methods and modalities, as well as some of your outputs as well and how they kind of affect your initial design of your program. And then we'll then do a bit of an exercise on kind of, you know, applying this model to some use cases to allow you to kind of get familiar with the terminologies and familiar with mapping, you know these real life use cases to the DHS two terms. On the on the third day on Wednesday. We will walk you through creating a tracker program from start to finish. Okay. So we'll kind of work together on this, where we'll kind of create the program and allow you to kind of take part in also creating your own program as an example. To just make sure everyone is able to kind of work through these concepts, as we go through the session on day four, we will allow you to work from start to finish on your own tracker program. So we have an assignment for that and we'll be around we'll make sure that there's plenty of support if you have questions or if you're kind of stuck somewhere. We'll go over the kind of assignment more detail on that day. All right. We're going to look at user roles and sharing and user groups. Now these concepts are quite closely linked. They allow you to kind of provide, you know, different levels of access to your programs and your data within those programs and we want to try and discuss this. So people are kind of aware of what can be done and discuss some of the kind of template user roles and typical user groups who would use and how to set those up and you know how this affects kind of, you know, access to your programs and so. All right.  On day six so next Monday, we will be looking at program access levels and relationships. So the program access levels concept it might be a new concept for many of you and that's completely fine. We'll describe that a little bit more. When we get into the session itself, and then the relationships is just kind of creating relationships between two different tracker programs for example, like a mother to child relationship or you know something like this and we'll discuss kind of the implications a little bit, a little bit more on that day. Day seven, eight, day seven and eight are kind of, we're really focusing on these two separate concepts and we will spend a fair amount of time, and similar to the way we work back and forth with the tracker program, we're going to kind of have the same principle with program rules and program indicators so program rules, they allow you to introduce things like validation in your data collection tools, allow you to introduce different logic to hide and show fields and then do kinds of all kinds of other things. So we'll discuss this on on day seven and we'll work together once again so we'll present concepts to you will allow you to try it and work through that in a little bit more detail. Okay, and the same thing for program indicators. So this concept allows you to kind of create an aggregated values or counts or averages or things of that nature from your tracker data, right. And we'll work together once again, it might seem like a lot of time, but we'll be working back and forth we will have a break in between the session as well. On day nine on the next Thursday, we will discuss program notifications on a little bit and just kind of how these work in practice. You know, basically allowing you to send out notifications based on data that is entered into your program. And then we will discuss a bit on implementation considerations so just, you know, considerations like scaling up performance issues with large scale tracker systems. We'll give you a little bit of feedback from you know our colleagues in Sri Lanka and the university who have some experience in working with these kind of large, larger systems and kind of making them work well. Right. And then on day 10 we have an exam. Okay, so there's no no other session allocated then we will review a bit of the material and then we'll allow you to perform the exam. All right, so the agenda as you can see has covers a lot of different ground, and it really builds upon the previous sessions. If you're not able to attend a session it's okay but hopefully you're able to kind of review that material, because everything will be recorded and available on the online platform. That will discuss shortly, and hopefully you're able to kind of go on there and access some of that material and review beforehand because it's going to be kind of difficult to kind of build upon what you've learned the previous day. We're looking at a bit of a faster pace I know, but we will try to kind of keep everyone together and keep, keep the concepts kind of as clear as possible throughout the various days. All right. So if there are any questions about the agenda, please let us know. We will describe the topics, much more when we get into the content itself of course to kind of give a better understanding of what these all mean in case there are things that you're not exactly familiar with at this point in time, that's okay. We will discuss those in more detail later on. So back to the presentation here. All right, so I just want to talk a little bit about the certification process and how that works for everybody. So this course consists of both quizzes and assignments that contribute to your final grade. A couple of them were noted on the agenda but I'll get into that more I'll discuss each one. In order to pass you need an overall grade of 70%. All right, so this is broken down into the following pieces of information so attendance or 10%. The assignment on creating a tracker program is worth 25%. Okay, then there'll be assignments on user groups and sharing program rules, program indicators and program notifications. All valued at 10% of your final grade. And then we have the exam at 25%. So there's a lot of room here and none of the assignments are meant to trick you in any way shape or form. Try to keep them as straightforward as possible.  So then being a strict grading, especially with some of these other areas where it's often quite easy, for example, program rules indicators. So when we get into those, it's quite easy to make mistakes, you know, I still make quite a few mistakes, but it doesn't really matter. You can test them and make sure they work before you get them right. So it's not necessarily meant to penalize you in any way. So don't worry as long as you keep up with everything. You'll be able to get through everything with no problem. Right. We just, we just do want to make sure that there are some systems in place to kind of gauge your progress. Right. And with the assignments, you will have extra time to perform them. So you don't need to kind of rush to get them all done. So the Academy ends on February 4, but you will have until February 10, 10th. So one week after the Academy ends to submit all of the assignments. All right, so you have a little bit of extra time to work on them. So if you're in Russia and trying to get them done this week or next week, you can submit them when you when you do have that time. Right. We will then grade the assignments, the ones that need to be manually reviewed. So, for example, the tracker creating a tracker program assignment, there's quite a few participants. We will need to manually review that submission and grade that to ourselves before we can provide you feedback. So once this is done, you will also have the exam. And your overall grade will be released. And then you can access your certificates. Okay, and we will announce to you via the Slack channel. So if there are questions about how you obtain that certificate or anything like that. I hope this addresses some of those. You have to have that grade over 70%. We have to have everything graded. So you won't receive it immediately. Right at the end of the academy, just because we want to make sure everyone has submitted their assignments, we have a chance to go through and grade them all and then provide feedback to everybody on what they've done. All right, but once that is done, you will then have access to your certificate and be able to download that and we'll discuss that a bit more later on as we get closer to the end.


So it's a shift in geography. I think we have slides that we can share at some point. My name is Cristina Cifanelli. I will share the presentation with Javier and Daniel. I'm from Italy in the middle of the apocalypse. And I work at UNIMED, which is Mediterranean University Union, which is a network of universities focused on the Euro-Mediterranean cooperation. And we will talk about OpenMED, which stands for Opening Up Education in South Mediterranean countries, which is an initiative funded by the Rasmus Blast Programme of the European Union, aimed at raising awareness on the adoption of open educational resources and open educational practices in the South Mediterranean countries with a specific focus on higher education in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Palestine. In those countries, the demand of higher education often exceeds capacity of the higher education system. And the use and integration of open educational resources and open practices are possible ways to expand access to learning opportunities, thus promoting equity, inclusion, and democratization of higher education. We have been working with a pretty large consortium of universities in the UK, in Spain, and in the South Mediterranean countries. There is a picture where we are all together in Coventry University during one of our coordination meetings. And what we have done during this project is to revise and analyze open education initiatives worldwide, which could have been easily transferred to those countries. We have been widening participation in open education through consultations with national stakeholders. We have also done a set up of physical centers in the eight partner universities. And we have designed and developed an OER training course to build capacities for educators in using, adopting open educational resources. The project is finished, well, the funding is finished one year and a half ago. What we have done during this period is to consolidate the community, the large community of educators in those countries, and to analyze the impact of this capacity building intervention one year later to see what they have done with the competencies, with the resources, with the centers, et cetera. I leave the floor to Daniel, who will speak a little bit about the course. And Javier, I will go through the impact assessment. Thank you, Cristina. Yes, so as Cristina said, the course was just one component within a wider set of outputs, but it was a very important one. And it was one developed collaboratively throughout different steps in the project. So I think it's quite important to stress that all the partners were involved, even though each of the, you can see on the slides that there were five modules within the course and they were led by different institutions that all institutions were involved in the development of the course. We had even a facilitators workshop in Madrid, I think back in May 2017, where we started to work together brainstorming on the content, but also the methodology for delivering the content, which each university had some level of autonomy to decide how they wanted to arrange some learning circles. We were using a virtual learning environment for that, but the content is now available. If you go to the website, you are able to not just have access to the content, but also do some activities. You can see on the slides now the kind of split of participants. And actually the gender imbalance was something quite interesting that we discussed at different points in the project and was a major concern by our partners in the South Mediterranean countries as well. Some of them took the project as an opportunity to actually break down some gender barriers. And also, as you can see, it's interesting the age, because we had an interesting balance of young early career lecturers, but also senior people. We managed to involve senior people who were able to also impact the decision-making and policy-making at an institutional level. So I said that we started with this facilitator's workshop in Madrid, and then we kept working together remotely through a number of face-to-face meetings back in the day when we had the possibility to participate in face-to-face meetings. And we also opened a version that could be revised. We took contributions and feedback from the wider community, so not just the people involved directly in the projects. At some point we shared with the community, the OER community, the draft of the course and that was very useful as a way of getting some inputs and revising the content. And then, of course, we had also a meeting in Torino, and that's where we covered some part of the content. And then we started, so we knew that we wanted to complement the online stages with something which was face-to-face and that was a way of kicking off that part of the project and that was quite important to meet all together in Torino. We had wonderful guest speakers and then after that, the different partners started to facilitate their own learning circles in their own institutions and also inviting, in some cases, all the institutions from the respective countries. And then, also, apart from that, we ran series of webinars which we had the chance to involve fantastic colleagues, some of them have been with us in this conference, like Lorna Campbell or Catherine Cronin, Bea as well. So, in total, there were five webinars open to the large community, not just the partners involved in the project. So, I don't know if I have missed anything, Cristina and Javier, which was relevant about the course, but I think I've pretty much covered the basics. Yeah, I showed you the links to the reusable versions of the course and all the work that you did and make it really open. Yeah, as I said, it was delivered through a VLE, but we knew that we wanted to make this truly open. So, now there is a legacy package and also we'll share a link to a kind of legacy plan because we made an effort to make sure that everything was available beyond the life of the funded life of the project. Yeah, thank you, Dani. Yeah, so, of course, if you have questions, we'll try to go as fast as I can. So, we'll give you time to discuss and to talk about more of the course and the legacy plan. What we did with Cristina and with Dani this year was actually was last year an impact assessment. When we first started with the course, with the OpenMED course, we asked the participants, both the facilitators and the students, how do they engage with open education? What was the level of knowledge or understanding of open educational practices and also what was the professional expectations that they had with the course, but also the as the project has many components, what's where to develop the policy level and also the institutional level in regards to open education around country members and also the institutions. So, when we looked and this is all to Cristina, when we looked at how we could have an impact at policy level, we conducted five national strategy forums where participants from from the party universities, but also from all the universities in the country were invited to discuss policy and strategic plans for the adoption of open education, open educational practices in general. And we set up a regional agenda for the self-management universities, which was actually discussed almost publicly. So, I don't know if we have the link to it, but what we did was to create an agenda and to have a set of targets and goals and to make, to leave it available for everyone to discuss so we can have the entire open education community having their say. And finally, we have the recommendations to institutional leaders and policy makers in the region. One of the things that the document aims is to engage within your management to foster the development of open education policies and, for example, one of the first outcomes is the Moroccan education, open education declaration, which is actually based to in the Scottish declaration. So, one of the things that is quite interesting is that these recommendations can be tailored and something that we are now working very closely with Christina is to develop further development of these recommendations for the development of open education policies. So, here's kind of the overview of what we reach for the policy forums. We're actually really, really fun because we're trying to create and develop national institutional strategies through the strategy forums but that was all together with the agenda that we already have that was kind of shared by every member. So, the agenda has five levels let's say open content, open licensing, pedagogy and practices, technology, governance and business models and also collaboration models between institutions because of course, even though we had partner institutions the idea is that these partner institutions became the reference center for the rest of the country. So, it's not just that we work with one institution for that institution is that institution is actually, and this is what's happening our partner institution are now the reference centers in their own countries on open education. So, we have the roadmap for open education and also the this is something maybe Christina would like to briefly mention what we did with that but it's not just the paperwork at policy and impact level and it's actually some physical work that is quite interesting because OpenMed funded the innovation centers for open education at Southern Mediterranean University. So, maybe Christina do you want to show what they are? Yes, we have some pictures this was just mentioned that we have supported those universities also to establish physical centers within the university with simple tools like computers or some of them both well keep the centers with green screens or things like that but having a physical center a physical space within the university is useful both at the institutional level to have open education initiative recognized within within the university physically and also as a space for professors to meet and share and get inspired there is one center that I think that we have a slide about that in Morocco where they have a keep like trolley like mobile studios because the center was really small with like 3-4 persons working there and they were not able to support all the professors so what they have done is to buy trolley with the mobile studios this is a picture so professors can just take those mobile studios and record lessons or do what they need to do to produce content just a 5 minutes left thanks so when so when we asked after one year that we completed the course we asked the participants and the facilitators so the learners and facilitators about the impact that the open med course had to them we could see quite interesting outcomes so for example maybe it's quite small but we asked about the confidence how confident the participants felt before and after the course so you can see that before the open med course most of the participants felt like mightly confident slightly confident but the confidence feeling quite increased quite quite quite quite a lot after the course so we asked people how confident they felt about like open educational approach pedagogy and approaches, open licensing, creation of meds and production of use of OER and open educational practices so we asked them also how what was the impact of the skills that they acquired through open med it's quite interesting to say that most of them created content for the courses but also a small group were creating policies for their universities or were leading open education projects at the universities or belong to committees or were designed open education policies at workplaces so but also we were asking how was the impacts of open med in their professional careers and we were actually quite amazed to see even though it's a small percentage we have two participants that were giving a teaching award because of the practices that improved business, I've noticed that lots of participants were training all the colleagues in open education they were the reference people for open education in their institutions, their bosses their colleagues, the students were asking them about open education and some of them were really happy to be invited to talk about open education by all the universities so most were invited to talk about open education at international events so actually for people that were just starting with open education, most of them, most of the participants have no relationship with it before the open med project the impact is quite important and it's quite huge and actually it's really great for us and the community still keeps going on, we have a mailing list where we all talk to each other and they invite us to events, we send them what we're doing, they tell us about their publications or they tell us about their course so I don't know if you just want to close down talking about the community Yes this is us with the recommendations the community is still there, of course we need to keep the community running in a sense this is just the last initiative that we have done during COVID-19 we have done this plot which is this mini site, I have to thank Danyan and all the plot people around for empowering me to do all those things online but we have done this mini website to collect stories of online resilience during this period of emergency this is the link to this mini website which is open to everyone so if you would like to share what you are doing to cope with the emergency to inspire our Mediterranean community you are much welcome thank you thank you for having us and thanks for hosting this beautiful event thank you very much to all


familiar with is the issue of invasive species. There is an automatic updating of the list of invasive species depending on the identification that takes place within the European Union. You're also familiar with this in animal health, where issues of animal health may arise to the east and may spread across to the west, as happens. In those circumstances, you want to be able to take action without necessarily going through the hoops of primary legislation, so the keeping pace power in clear practical areas is important. I don't envisage and Mr Cameron asked me the question. I don't envisage that power is being used in major areas where you would want primary legislation but in areas where there is a sensible solution to be found it should be found. Would that be under the standard affirmative procedure? That is an issue that requires to be teased out in the debates that will take place during the rest of today. There is a clear demand within the chamber and we heard it from a range of individuals last week to examine this very closely and to find ways of scrutinising it more closely and I am listening to that and I am open to that. That's a decision in the bill that will eventually come about. Mr Scott, you get for the question. Thank you and thank you for reminding me. I should have declared in interest as a former expert in sighting animal diseases as part of my knowledge sphere. Can you, having very helpfully provided a list of examples that are within the remit of the committee, elaborate in your view what the implications are for the environment of not having a keeping pace provision? Exactly as I have indicated, it would be burdensome and it would mean that the speed of action that is often required in these circumstances does not take place. To draw across into another matter that has concerned me very greatly over the last few weeks, it is a question of how we would play these issues within a UK framework. If we were to have frameworks, which I am entirely in favour of, then those frameworks would be able to take advantage of a keeping pace power that existed across these islands in order to put this in place and maybe those the governance of those frameworks would benefit from making the ability to access a keeping pace power. I am in favour of that type of work taking place and I would have thought that if the keeping pace, the framework existed, but the keeping pace power did not, you would find yourself with a much more cumbersome and less fleet of foot purpose. As we know in animal health for example, speed is of the essence as it is in aquaculture as well. Of course, you are much closer to the discussions than I am. Is this something keeping pace that the UK Government is considering or not? I am sure that you have made this point to them. We were disappointed that it did not and does not exist in the current EU withdrawal bill. We think that that was a major opportunity loss. There appears to be an ideological objection to it. The frameworks would give you the opportunity to at least discuss it again, and if one part of these islands had it, and it also exists in the Welsh Bill, so Wales would have it as well. This might be an example to England, for example. It is a power that they should seek to have, but we would certainly want to exercise it. On the frameworks issue, we recognise the need for frameworks to exist, for example, in animal health areas. We are quite willing to be part of those frameworks. The only difference of opinion is that they have to be agreed by this Parliament, and that is what we still intend to have them. It includes the keeping pace provision and the continuity bill, although no clause exists in the withdrawal bill. Does it not increase the potential for different environmental regulations in Scotland? What you have alluded to—a vis of species or whatever—is one that is more interested in what may travel north to south or south to north rather than east to west. Is it not potentially divisive and not particularly sensible to have both technically and politically to have differences between moving at different paces? There are already changes that devolution has brought, which this Parliament has been quite comfortable with. For example, GM crops, air quality targets, food waste targets, water framework directive. There are changes that exist, and the nature of devolution is that decisions are made by the various parts of these islands on the principle of subsidiarity, and these are the right things to happen. I would argue that we should trade up rather than trade down, and therefore the examples I have given are good examples to look at. I absolutely agree that the potential for animal disease, if you look at variety, if you look at a variety of animal diseases in the past, you would want to make sure that north, south and east-west were covered. I do not make decisions for the UK, but my view is that this power should exist within the withdrawal bill because it is a sensible power to have. Therefore, when I have the opportunity in this bill to put it in there, that is what the Welsh have done too. That recognises the reality of devolution that we all learn from each other. I would like to see that power existing. I do not think that it is divisive to have the highest standards and to want to continue to observe the highest standards. It is perhaps rather than divisive an exemplar of what should take place. It appears from section 5.1 of the Scottish bill that it seeks to achieve the same outcome as schedule 1 paragraph 2 of the UK bill, albeit using a different approach. Why is the Scottish Government taking that different approach? What practical difference of any does it make? Luke, I am sure that we will wish to respond. To return to some of the things that I was mentioning earlier, the bill expresses this in different ways because the UK Government's approach is very explicitly to preserve the general principles as part of domestic law after withdrawal only to the extent that they are in aid to interpretation. In contrast, as I discussed, the Scottish Government's approach is to provide that the general principles have the same legal effect, attract the same legal status after withdrawal, as they did before. For the reasons that I gave earlier, this is not a status that can be described with enormous precision, but the effect that the bill has is that that status is continued after exit day. That is the difference. That is the difference. I thank you for clarifying that. Richard Lyle. If I were one, I would get what you are saying. This is all about continuity. Basically, if anyone cannot get that, I do not know where they are going off. Can I turn to how the EU general purposes principles inherent in retained EU law are giving the effect? I am sure that Luke will answer that question. If the only person in the street asked you, could you explain to them why the Scottish Government has chosen to retain the right of action and the power for courts to quash law and decisions based on the incompatibility with the general principles of EU law section 5.2? That is the fact that we are nice people. I am sure that Luke will answer that. The Scottish Government's position across the bill has been that, in a number of the policy differences that Mr Russell had pointed out earlier, we have decided to provide for greater continuity, as we saw. For example, over the charter of fundamental rights, it was an explicit decision by the UK Government not to retain that, to limit its effect after withdrawal. We have chosen a more maximalist approach. The same reasoning lay behind the decision to retain rights of action based on the general principles. The situation is going to be confusing enough, as the minister indicated, without attempting to tinker with what already exists at the same time as doing the already complex job of trying to convert it into domestic law. Can you also explain how section 5.2 sits with section 7.1, which removes the ability to challenge the validity of EU law from which devolved, retained, EU law derives? I am going to say a number of the same things. At present, domestic courts do not have the ability to strike down European law on the grounds of validity, and there would require to be some adaptation to those principles and procedures on the point of exit if we were to provide for it. That is why section 7 has taken the power, enabling us to customise domestic courts' ability to strike down retained EU law after exit. Section 5, at subsection 5, makes it clear that the retention of rights of action under section 5 is subject to section 7 and to any provision made under section 7. Section 5 does, however, preserve a much wider range of rights of action than simply the ability to challenge retained EU law on the grounds of validity. For example, the retention of the general principles under section 5 would allow you to challenge administrative action by a public authority on the grounds that it did not comply with one of the general principles, and that is unaffected by section 7. You also have to recognise, as part of the context of this, that there is an antipathy to the European Court of Justice and its rulings within the motivation for Brexit, which is largely not shared within Scotland. There is a very effective Scottish judge on the court. The court itself is not seen as inimical to Scottish interests. Indeed, there are a wide range of areas in which we have been greatly helped by the existence of the court. There is a context within the policymaking that we profoundly disagree with. Therefore, we would want to make sure that we are not continuing to express that antipathy in ways that are unhelpful to the ordinary citizen. I have a brief question and then a slightly longer question. First, I thank you for getting the response to our letter back so quickly. Just for the record, because it was not touched on in your response, can you confirm that the principles in the charter of fundamental rights can be modified by the powers in section 11 as part of the domestication process, insofar as necessary to deal with a deficiency or making the law work properly? The short answer is yes. The charter will form part of retained devolved law after withdrawal and will therefore be subject to the powers that can operate on retained devolved law. I should emphasise, though, that this is not done in anticipation of any concrete plan by the Scottish Government to change the charter of fundamental rights or any of its provisions, the extent to which the charter is currently entrenched and not modifiable is a product of the fact that it belongs to a supranational institution over which we do not have influence. It is the unnecessary effect of domesticating instruments like the charter, instruments like the corpus of retained EU law that they will become subject to the powers of this Parliament. That is my longer question. Under what circumstances would you envisage modification to the charter? None. The incorporation of the charter is very specifically limited by section 5 subsection 1 so that it has effect immediately before exit day in EU law and as it relates to anything to which sections 2, 3 or 4, which are the three principle sections that domesticate the law applies. The effect of the charter after exit day will be limited. It will be limited to effectively the subject matter of the continuity bill. I have another for-the-record question just to get clarity. It appears that both the UK Bill and the Scottish Bill allow but do not require courts to take account of decisions of the ECJ post exit. Why is the Scottish Bill drafted differently to the UK Bill on this one and again what are the practical differences achieved? The provision made for the interpretation of law retained devolved EU law under the Bill is in practice very similar to that made under the EU withdrawal bill. The Scottish Government does not think that it would be appropriate to put a higher or more stringent test into the Bill requiring on some unspecified for now grounds the courts to apply law in more strict circumstances or in particular circumstances. As I have said, there is an inherent imprecision involved in the exercise. Mr Russell mentioned the British judge, the Scottish judge on the general court of justice at the moment. Judge Forrester gave a speech recently on the Scottish Council of Law reporting website, you can see a copy, where he describes the current state of EU law as a mass of tangled wires, and all we can really do is try to transfer them from one place to another. For that reason, we think that the best way of retaining the courts' existing ability to bring precision to where there is imprecision is to empower the courts, as is done under section 10, to take into account where they consider it appropriate and not to where they do not. The Scottish Government does not consider there to be much value in going further than that. So essentially what achieves the same purpose? It achieves broadly the same purpose. There is one difference between section 10's interpretation provisions and the corresponding interpretation provisions in the EU withdrawal bill, which is that we would continue to apply the interpretative obligations under section 10 to retained EU law, as it is developed under the bill by default. Under the UK bill, when law is modified by default, the interpretative obligation falls away. We have chosen to change the default rule, but the default rule only, both rules can be supplied. In the particular, on the general, how will the incorporation of these general principles of EU law impact the policy areas again covered by the committee's remit? Member states are already bound by the general principle of EU law. That influences the way that they interpret and apply the laws. Through this bill, the bill that we are trying to put in place, and I do not over claim for this bill because this bill cannot change policy, but these principles have retained for all purposes and incorporated into our law. So in the end there will be no practical difference in how these principles impact on the policy areas covered by the committee. They will simply form part of Scott's law rather than the status being EU law. Now that means, for example, perish the thought that Acts of Scottish Ministers, Acts of Public Authorities can still be struck down if we have not applied the general principles that are incorporated. So the responsibilities to observe the law remain unchanged, but that law goes from being the status of EU law and is folded into our law. That is the process that we are engaged in. We are engaged in the process of saying that there should not be a cliff edge because if we did not do this, I suppose that this is the easiest way to understand this. If we did not do this, we would get to whatever date it is that everything finally changes and there wouldn't be any law. If we just sat in our hands, and if the UK Government sat in our hands, there wouldn't be any law, there would be a cliff edge, we wouldn't know. So we have to convert this into the situation here. Now the issue of deficiencies arises when the conversion won't work properly and something has to be changed. For example, on agricultural policy, referring to the common agricultural policy and the council of ministers doesn't work because that won't exist. So how do we change that? That's the issue. But it is a standstilling, a freezing. That's why the word freezing is used. It is a freezing and moving in rather than anything else. Now then there is the issue of what changes you would like to bring in in what way. Some of those changes are forced upon you because of the fact that there are deficiencies and incompatibilities and other changes are things such as a change that we're talking about, principles where you will want to be able to do something stronger, more effective and you will want to make sure that you do that. That is a process with which the cabinet secretary for Rosanna Cunningham will want to be engaged with the committee. But those deficiencies and incompatibilities are a matter for another day, but you would say that there would be no change effectively to the policy areas covered by this committee. You start off in that position because that's where we are. Remember that there are issues, Mr Scott will be aware, where if there is divergence and there is regulatory divergence, there will be a price to be paid for that. You'll either in terms of export or in terms of principles and in terms of standards. That is the issue of regulatory divergence, which also applies to the issue of the Northern Irish border, which then becomes very complex and worrying. Thank you. Final question, Mark Ruskell. Thank you. Minister, the bill doesn't deal with governance and you've touched on that already for the reasons why that is. Can you outline then what the process will be for filling that governance gap? At the moment, the potential for a cliff edge is there if we don't have adequate monitoring, scrutiny and enforcement powers. Well, quickly, Rosanna Cunningham has written to this committee on this issue, has made it clear that this is an issue that now requires some urgent approach. She's currently seeking advice from the round table on environment and climate change. She's asked for initial advice on that. Indeed, such is the coincidence of circumstances that she and I will both be in front of this committee again next week. That will give her the opportunity to discuss environmental principles and governance following Brexit, should that take place. She is fully cited on that. She wants to discuss that with the committee. She is taking advice on that, and she will bring forward, after consultation, I'm sure, the solutions that will arise from this committee and elsewhere. That's an issue that will have to be tackled, and it will have to be tackled in a couple of years to be in place post-exit.  Well, there shouldn't be a gap and there mustn't be a gap, and that's what she is working towards. This is a set of circumstances not of our making, and therefore we have to respond to them, but nobody wishes there to be a gap. Just as a continuity bill will make sure that there is no legislative cliff edge, she will want to put in place arrangements, no doubt listening to this committee. It means that there is no governance cliff edge. Will there be clarity on day one, or even before that date, as to what the roles and functions of institutions will be in terms of... There will require to be clarity on those matters, obviously, but I don't want to stress into her areas of responsibility. I am clear what my responsibilities are. She has responsibility of taking this forward. She and I, as I say, are appearing in front of you next week, and we will in our respective roles be able to answer those questions. Okay. Minister, thank you for your time this morning. That has been, I think, very helpful in clarifying a number of questions that the committee had. At its next meeting on March 20, the committee will consider the conservation of salmon's Scotland amendment regulations and will take evidence from the Cabinet Secretary for Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform, and, as we have just heard, the minister for UK negotiations on Scotland's place in Europe, on the environmental implications for Scotland of the UK leaving the EU. We now move into private session and I ask the gallery to be cleared.


Everybody forced here ripping 2223 prison basketball hobby 4 box number 93 picker team style We've got Adam Kay thunder hawks and Blazers Brian C heat Daniel C Grizzly givante has the Hornets John B. Bulls Pacers Jordan with the Cavs Joseph R nugs Rockets Joseph s has the Celtics and Clippers Justin C Pelicans Costa Raptors Curt D. Lakers Mark H. Sons Michael M. Kings Michael B Mavericks Nicholas S. T Wolves and spurs or you see Nets Knicks Sixers jazz Thomas C with the Warriors Tyler W. Bucks and wizards Zach B. Pistons and magic best of luck everybody Let's go in and get started. All right, couple menus here That's milk chocolate chip gross. Oh rocky road Excuse me. They got a rocky road cookie First day there find the cookie spot in Chicago. That's the first that's the first order business before we even go to the convention center It's like right before we check into the hotel Where's the cookie spot? And where can I get a drink right now because we just drove 17 hours You want the link to the mr. Crab singing Billy Jean von is that from an episode or just some crazy thing somebody made silver fireworks Yannis for the Bucks That's silver Kelton Johnson spurs alakai brannum cake Keegan Murray a Chocolate stuffed chocolate stuffed a chocolate cookie stuff with marshmallow filling then covered in semi-sweet chocolate chips and almonds. Yep Blueberry cheesecake, I'm sure that's delicious A rich delectable treat made with buttery graham crackers creamy cheesecake frosting and fresh blueberry topping Oh Man they're open right now. I think Sean that would order it red wave garland out of one or not Sorry ruby waves not number in basketball. Sorry. I've been a basketball in a while garland for the calves hyper devs and bane grizzlies Sorry, eason Oh, it's ai Yeah, i'm not i'm not the biggest fan of ai when they're making mr. Crabs singing Billy Jean blue ice kd for the nets Number 125 Sohan luck of the lottery silver gordon hayward hornets But yeah, that's that's the that's the crazy thing about it is I asked because I thought oh dude. Look at that one Dude they all look fire this week. I don't know what Higley was talking about because every single one of these looks like it'd be a 10 out of 10 Soft milk flavored sugar cookie brushed with the milky glaze on top with bright fruity pebble cereal But that's fresh. That's probably gonna be delicious. It's a it's a cereal. The cereal is crunchy Got red dark to 299 mavs vince williams jr. Grizzlies on the rookie auto hyper to soon move bulls jaylen williams thunder rookie Then churro I've asked for her luggage again.  There's a possibility. We'll see when she pulls it out It's got the fungus among us Dylan dude dylan might pass sam dude. He's back on it Uh, blue davis bertans for the mavericks to 199 Oh, man. I don't even want to think about that right now hyper daniel ties pacer talking about delicious cookies not Not a musky musty Suitcase from from dylan's trunk Sean's holding in He's holding it all in right now everybody Purple jordan clarkson jazz Oh, yeah, what's up carl? What's up, man to 99? You know it silver rory hachimora wizards Or anywhere the churro cookie a tender cookie bursting with cinnamon flavor from the swirl of cinnamon smooth cinnamon buttercream to the dusting of cinnamon sugar on top sounds pretty sounds pretty good Then a cookie dough Brown sugar cookie top with cookie dough buttercream and chunks of delicious cookie dough pieces Sean carl, how you doing brother? Honestly, the cookie dough one doesn't sound like amazing, but it sounds good I'm just trying to cook Ruby wave rookie adiabate clippers The problem is is I would end up getting it because I would instead of getting Four I would just get six and that would be one of them that I included That's basically it hyper pat viewing for the nicks It's like I may as well I'm kind of person that I got I got to try new things and try everything Also go to daniel's cheese steak I didn't get one the other day. No, I got the the the the the the the vodka pasta Got silver, uh, simons and blazers, which was not a which was not a wrong decision at all, dude.  I'll save some for later Yeah, that didn't happen got worked Yeah, I got I got worked and then I went to 7-eleven after and got chocolate chip cookies, too Whole sergeant reyton sons having a 7-eleven litter across the street is kind of dangerous So I went over there.  It's like chewy sprinkles. They're good I'll probably bring some on the on the trip silver luck of the lottery johnny davis wizards I'll probably save a bag silver rookie kind of often jr. Grizzlies, then I got Make sure it's clean Yeah, honestly Yeah, I'm wondering if we should fill with ice or just grab us some like a bunch of ice break things It frees a bunch of water bottle waters. It's a good idea Purple ice to barry walker rookie for the blazers Number to 149 that way you don't waste space of ice. You just yeah something you'll use For a few auto mark williams hornets Pulsar brogdon for the Celtics All right, move on. Let's see some big cards here I was a so-so first box Yeah, I didn't see that I was gonna get those I never had those before see if I didn't see them But the crunchy nerds are interesting.  I don't know how to say like I guess like the nerds rope stuff, but it's pretty good pretty good I was gonna get the cluster station to have in there plus the those the ones that I got were like A dollar off if you bought two so that that'll get me every time I don't eat a ton of candy like that. I'm not like lane Got red brooks for the grizzlies number 299 and a net's auto. It's jason kid Nice signatures jason kid for the nets that hyper towns for the wolves All right, davis We're gonna have to go to yeah We're gonna have to go to sands and bring some snacks and we can fit snacks on the car to bring in to keep it The boot that'd be good too. I think yeah, no, I mean silver prismatic. Cade Silver rookie math room for the Pacers and if not if we can't fit it on the drive up we can just Make a walmart run the next day. I think we're gonna have to go with how you get some stuff Anyway, like I think we gotta get the tv's and stuff from walmart or whatever, you know, right? We'll be near stuff There'll be waves simons for the blazers Pulsar de rosin bulls Yeah, the throwback nets logos are sweet sohan base Sour ones like the clusters they had different ones. That's kind of cool No, I also had for the first time last night got blue ice pack conatan bucks and i'm kind of shocked but uh to 125 conatan silver jordan pool warriors so as as like for like my birthday like we're talking about like candy and stuff so lane got me uh Um ring pops push pops baby bottle pops And the and a juicy drop pop. I never had a juicy drop pop before. We're just kind of weird Because it's like the same time frame I was hearing I just I'd never seen it for some reason how do the other ones blue jay shawntate out of 199 for the rockets reggie jackson clippers sensational signatures Pulsar jordan clarkson jazz come on What are they doing out there? Ruby wave cormel oanthony lakers Yeah, it's funny. We were talking about candy one day and so just laying just I think bought a bunch from sam's Silver dairies basely thunder Yeah, you can find about like gas stations. I guess I'm pretty sure laying got a bunch from sam's club is what happens and I'm sure I like every candy store would have stuff like that I just don't think they're as widely distributed as they used to be I feel like a lot of gas stations or convenience stores can't carry them just because If it's not as popular ricky prism ryan rollins warriors But back in the early 2000s late 90s. Those were like advertised on tv like there were commercials for that stuff So I remember the jingles a baby bottle pop and all that stuff That one was a catchy one. They reminded me of uh, sock and boppers Bucket line re silver keegan mary kings silver monogenably spurs Find some warheads. I've seen those around what you got to do is actually find a candy store Like I said, usually candy stores will carry all the stuff Like a good candy store will just carry everything. They'll have like the candy cigarettes in there even The only one too was yesterday was loaded with stuff. Yeah. Oh my god Red rivers for the uh wolves there. It's a 299 Got hyper Quentin grimes for the nicks That was what the outlets right off of iDrive there like new universal ish. Okay, okay Not the ones out by like sea world or lord. Yeah, those are far. They're the one about one of the ones where I see a world I don't like those ones I don't love Yeah, purple lu door for the thunder very surprise. So 99 Silver Carmilla Anthony Lakers. It's probably we'll end up on uh tuesday then christian brown Yeah, I need to get big suitcase Just some stuff man that ruby wave chris mullin warriors hyper montae morris wizards Like I got some sort some sort sleeve like big button-up shirts like kind of casual, but you know, you can make it nicer for you too But I want to bring at least I don't know though last year I just wore the lse polo to most things Really depends we're we're staying closer to the convention center this year than last silver bones island for the nugs So last year sometimes it was easier to just Plus this hotel is smaller than the one we say last year. It's either last year Huge hotel takes for like 10 minutes to walk there to get to your room, you know What is cool?  That's kind of convenient and you have to walk through it You don't want to do anything.  And then you start we have to walk through it again. You're like, oh my god This casino is super annoying. We forgot something to roll There'd probably a shorter walk from the convention center to your hotel room for wherever we're gonna be I I would assume it's gonna be like that. It was so far All right, come on now blue prism call anthony magic number two 199 jamal cropper clippers on the base auto and a pulsar rookie keegan mary kings Nice pulsar. I would obviously a one-of-one here j-90 base So these are little stuck guys is why I keep like messing with it like that just trying to get them unstuck gently silver fearless is ai silver rookie tarry smart in for atlanta ruby wave rivers for the wolves Pulsar j shantate for the rockets Arabia Orange wave rookie tie tie washington jr for the rockets nice color seven of 60 silver bobby port is bucks Got j dub Okay, guys, here's the deal. We got prism choice up next which is gonna be a quick break We've got star wars sapphire afterwards rookie ruby wave tie tie washington jr rockets We got to get those filled up hyper max juice for the heat Oh, sorry. I lost focus. I didn't realize sorry Davis Nice 17 to go. That's awesome 17 to go everybody 17 to go Breaking soon 41 99 a one pack for spots all brand new star wars sapphire return to the jedi 40 can of a russery edition silver buddy healed for the pacers two parallels per box Looking for some ultra rare autos of some of the original some of the members of that Would be kerry fisher has autos peter mayhew has autos who both have recently passed away, but On top still does have some stickers of theirs Harrison Ford mark hamill signed with tops against if he's in it's kennie baker Warwick davis in mcdean mid as well Got hyper herbert jones for the pelicans. Maybe we'll get lucky and hit one of those He could Murray A warhead soda. No, I kind of no i'm good I like warheads, but I think i'm The point of my life where a sour candy just doesn't hit it like like it used to silver fireworks brad biel wizards silver carmelone jazz I kind of like some sour to my candy, but even the juicy drop pop last night like the the the the sugar juice It's just like sour and I after like a like a few of like the You like drop it.  I don't even know Purple ice Lebron for the Lakers kind of won 49 with a nice color match What are crybabies besides uh besides kyle and jake got hyper james wiser and warriors Here I can tell you Uh, no not yet jt What are crybabies? I don't know if I've ever I feel like I've seen them. I just don't know them like by the name purple chuck for the Sixers number 2 99 I yeah, I'm gonna have to look it up in a second. I it rings a bell. I just it's not like clicking completely a kangaroo silver Maybe it's an age thing or you guys older than i'm 30 you guys older than that That then i have to know what it is that I just i just don't know by like the name You know what I mean? Like I'll see it and go. Oh, yeah Got red grace and allen bucks the 2 99 calling gillespie on the nuggets rickies sensational signatures hyper angles bucks Baldwin mark williams I'm all covered in stock writing Yeah, okay. I gotta know what that is then Donny doesn't have the force Trust me got ruby wave drew holiday bucks Silver is making those for the wolves Let me see what these things are crybabies candy. Oh, I remember those Not as um, not as well, but I think I've had those ones or twice when I was younger I was more of a warheads kid for sure like like nerds. I like nerds a lot um A lot of the wonka king like fun dip and stuff was It's kind of what I went towards although fun dip I didn't like quite as much but nerds were some of my favorites And then when nerds rope came out that was probably like my favorite thing when that first came out Oh, man. Yeah, I know I'm good got a hyper scotty barns for the raptors Pop rocks have pop rocks are pretty solid Never loved them, but every you have every now and then Had to have them silver fearless monogen oblique for the spurs Ivy luck of the lottery silver ray allen sonics going to the thunder Ever either going to the like the gas station or like the store or something or At the beach they always have the little convenience thing or like have the truck or whatever out there Always get the screwball or even out like even out like the baseball fields or whatever They would have that at the concession say the screwball the crappy ice cream with a crappy gum at the bottom of it It was like out of your teeth, but it was like a dollar You got a red the 299 Celtics Jalen Brown. So my parents probably convinced me to like it They're like you're getting this one because it's like a buck the spongebob one's like five bucks You're not getting that hyper chris middleton bucks I don't know what and they came with that the spoon you're supposed to eat it with You couldn't eat anything with Which was not really a spoon it was just a flat piece of popsicle stick shapes Barely barely shaped like a spoon. I remember I remember those things You got orange deelo for the wolves the 49 silver cameron johnson sons our jumbo champ Good advice jerry. Yeah, it's always read the wrapper when it comes to things like that I feel like no matter what no matter if you're a seasoned veteran or uh If you're a rookie got ruby wave rookie is andrew nemmard for the pacers Paolo luck at the lottery hyper trade-johns spurs silver as pat conneton for the bucks 400 milligrams Jamaris men jr. Oh my god Got red patrick ewing for the nicks Out of 209 and here we go to 10 gold rookie huddo Paolo ben caro real hit Going to zack beat with the magic No way. That's a biggin 9 out of 10 palo Yeah, man Heck yeah, zack That's definitely the biggest card I pulled out of prism this year Oh dude Oh, man, pull pull start rowey hot chamora. Oh my god It is gonna be tough to top that pole tonight Oh my god jeez who Silver fireworks is yokich for the nugs silver rookie kennedy chandler grizzlies that is uh That's something right there ruby wave is patty mills for the nets patty patty mills reminds you of happy meals for some reason Hyper john wall for the clips shade on sharp rookie chad holmgren fireballs the best I think about the candy Oh, they meant like fireball whiskey fireball whiskey is awful. That's i'll never drink that. Oh, no, I don't drink it, but We're throwing the candies Red Hots red. Oh wow the yokich gold fearless nine out 10 What is what is going on here? Oh, yeah, easy austin for sure nine out 10 gold fearless for Uh for the nugs is uh nicolay yokich Yeah, man Man prism has struck You got silver kenyon martin jr for the rockets Holy holy, uh, uh, what's the word I can use here crap? Holy heck yeah one blue out of 199 for the warriors is kaminga and Biggest hit of the box spurs doug mcgerman autosilver Just getting cool hit for the spurs. Oh doug mcbuckets hyper stockton for the jazz jalen durin base mathrin rookie That's right dougie mcbuckets ruby wave is cameron johnson for the suns silver lute dork going to the thunder On bhaji base and that will do it. I'm still in a little bit of disbelief on that pull. That's Yeah, we uh, we got it good right there y'all autos of mcdermott glasby jamal crawford reggie jackson jason kid mince williams jr mark williams gold fearless nicolay yokich for the nugs gold sensational signatures rookie auto magic palo ban caro That'll do it. Thanks again everybody more basketball coming up


Hi and welcome to the session. Today we will learn about circles and tangents to a circle. We have drawn three figures. In first case the line AB do not intersect the circle at all. So that means AB is a non-intersecting line with respect to the circle. In second case line AB intersects with the circle at two points P and Q. So here line AB is a secant of the circle and in third case line AB intersects with the circle on the point P that is at one point. So here AB is a tangent to the circle. So by this we conclude that a tangent is a line that intersects the circle at only one point. Now here at point P we cannot draw any other tangent to the circle. So that means there is only one tangent at a point of the circle. Also the common point of the tangent and the circle is called the point. So here point of contact and the tangent is said to touch the circle at the point of contact. Now let's see one important result related to tangent to the circle. This result states that the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. Let us understand this result with the help of a figure. Here AB is a tangent to the circle with center O. Now the result says the tangent at any point let's say this point is P of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. Now here P is the point of contact. So this tangent will be perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact that is OP. So that means AB is perpendicular to OP. Now suppose we have a point Q on the tangent AB and we join OQ find out the length of any side if we are given the length of two sides OPQ is a right angle triangle. So let us suppose we are given OP equal to 3 centimeters, PQ equal to 4 centimeters and we need to find OQ. So here OP is 3 centimeters, PQ is 4 centimeters. Then OQ will be equal to square root of 3 square plus 4 square using Pythagoras theorem. This will be equal to 5 centimeters. So we can use this result to solve a lot of any questions. With this we finish this session. Hope you must have understood all the concepts related to circles and tangent to a circle. Goodbye, take care and have a nice day.


The study investigates the role of a specific protein, DLTE, in the symbiotic relationship between Drosophila melanogaster and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Nc8. The researchers found that DLTE is responsible for breaking down D alloticoic acids, D allotias, which are produced by the bacteria and serve as signals to the fly's cells. These signals trigger the production of proteases in the fly's gut, which in turn promotes the fly's growth and development. This study provides insight into how symbiotic relationships can be used to understand the biological processes underlying host physiology. This article was authored by Nikos Nicolopoulos, Renata Seymottos, Stephanie Ravo, and others.


and welcome to another very special episode of our series meeting all odds. In this green times of lockdown, we are bringing to you leaders who are setting examples for each of us by ensuring business as usual despite so many odds that the lockdown has imposed on us. The leader we have today is kind of man of the moment. He has all the data and numbers that the entire M&E industry looks up to. And in this current crisis, these numbers have become all the more important. Please welcome Mr. Sunil Lulla, CEO of BAK India. Sir, welcome on the show. Thank you so much for having me there and to your viewers, my good wishes to stay well and stay healthy. Thank you so much. Sir, you've been doing a very crucial job for all of us by giving us data with so much insight and there's so much that has changed in these last four or five weeks because everyone is in a lockdown. So what kind of changes have you noticed in consumption pattern and worship during these four weeks? So one, it's not just me. There's a whole industry that's doing a lot. We are an industry body, an industry organization. So it's the industry that's doing a lot. I think what's important to understand is that television was always the screen of the household. It has now become even more vital as the screen of the household. We have seen 40 to 45% growth. So we looked at periods which are in January that we call the pre-COVID period. It was only late January that India started seeing cases. The news will kind of turn to report a lot more actively around this. And it became possible that India may also have cases and then Feb and March. So we look at a period which is January and then we look at a period from the time that the lockdown got announced, or largely a lot of companies went to work from home from 15th May and all the way to the last week, last Saturday's data points. So we have all of that. When you look at that, overall in India, television viewership jumped by 43% in this period. It's now settled this week, last week at 40%. Now that is huge. And it's in state after state after state. Whether you take Punjab, Haryana at 53%, you take Rajasthan at 72%, which is normally a low-lying market, Maharashtra at 39%, or you take Tamil Nadu at 39%, which is already a high TV viewing market, or you take Kuttar Pradesh at 49%, or you take West Bengal at 30%. Anywhere you cut it, you're talking of very high viewing. What has happened is you're at home, everybody's under lockdown. So what is called in our industry, non-prime time has really grown. On an overall basis, the viewing of non-prime time has increased by 79%. Within Hindi-speaking markets, it's increased by 95%. In Southern markets, there was already a habit of non-prime time viewing, which was significantly higher. It grew by almost 60%. So across the day, you saw increase in time span. It was already high for prime time, and now it's got very high for non-prime time too. People have started watching TV almost as soon as they wake up. In some markets, we are seeing viewing starting at 4 in the morning. And at some markets, we are seeing the TV go off at 2 AM in the night, which is early AM, but it's the night over there. So it's almost continuous. As a screen of the household, we are seeing that news, for example, is being watched by kids. Kids shows are being watched by both the parents. So the household is viewing television together. And when you look at even mega cities, a lot of the recent viewing has come in from high growth in Maharashtra, high growth in Bombay, high growth in Delhi, high growth in the big mega cities. Urban has grown more than rural. Men and women equally. SCCA has seen large growth in their television viewing habits. Even the young audiences 15 to 24% are showing growth in those audiences.  You see this happen over there. And so TV has become a place they turn to. News used to be 7% of total television. It peaked to 21 and is now at about 16%. GEC is to be at 53%. It's a little, it's a bit lower now at about 43%. But movies has gone up. Kids has stayed almost consistent and news has gone up significantly. So I think those are some of the big things as people are spending more time in their home. They are looking at television more often. They are seeing more channels too. An average was down to 16. It's now going to 20 to 23. Watching seven days a week, which is to be in its late 30s, is now in its high 40s at almost 50%. So which means 50% of the homes watch TV seven days of the week. So we've seen television has become the center of attention in the home. In big cities, their viewing has gone from four and a half hours, four hours, 14 minutes to six hours. And even higher than six hours some nights. So it's not everybody who may be working from home. Some people who are at home may not have the physical arrangements to work at home. And they cannot go to work. So they are spending their time watching television. Sir, what kind of operational challenges did you face during this crisis? And how did you tackle those? So I think we took a slightly earlier call before the lockdown that we would go into a work from home mode because we realized that many of our industry peers were doing similar in India. Many of the media companies were turning similar. We also realized the risk. So we first bought in safeguards into the office. We reduced the number of people in the office at our workplaces, at our various workplaces, and then we just moved out completely. So I think the first thing you face is not everybody's house has great internet. So you've got to try and get them to have that. So we used remote VPN connections to get people connected. We made sure that people would have the money to pay for the recharges of all their phones, all their computers. There was a complete almost a 24x7 help desk setup for any crisis that may happen to any individual. So we set it up on three parts, on four parts. One is on the service. The IT service is being up and running because we are also connected into so many homes across India which measure television. So we need to make sure that those homes are running and they are working. So our call center and our people in charge would constantly call and ping them to make sure that they were okay and they were things are working well for them. To make sure our staff's systems were running because we crunch a lot of data every day and we got to make sure that data can be crunched. We made sure that the places where we have our services which is in Baroda and in Bangalore are back-end servers had the ability to run. So the government was kind to give them permission because they saw this as being essential service working for the media industry, gave permission for a few people to be at work to do this. We made sure that the medical safety is there for all staff. So we put certain guidelines because some people want to go back home, some want to stay back exactly where they are but if you're alone and your parents are somewhere else, we undershoot some people may travel. This is a pretty lockdown. So we made sure that people are safe and healthy. That is really important. And then there is the emotional proportion. So we have kept the people busy, engaged with online games, online coaching, playing a guitar, doing yoga classes, art and drawing. We changed our office timings from first of all 9.30 to 6.30 to 10 to 5. We wanted little lists because we feel people at home have a little more responsibility now especially I think women felt that they should spend more if they are at home, they should contribute to any workload that they may have at home. So they should live for their work also what it meant. And then we also made sure that we stay connected. We've given people time off during the week. So when we felt that you know there was a high amount of stress, I just declared a holiday last Friday because we said you know take it off, make it easier for yourselves. Bach will complete five years on the 29th of April. We'll have an online celebration on the 29th. That's great. I hope you invite us also for your celebrations on the 29th. We are prepared. So another new trend that has come out of this lockdown is that the mythological shows have become very popular and especially with the launch of Ramayana and Mahabharata on Doordarshan. So how much has Doordarshan contributed to overall worship growth in Hindi GEC and if I mean how has this entire thing helped Doordarshan grow in his three to four weeks? So Doordarshan became the number one channel in terms of Hindi speaking markets and therefore higher than any other comparison, became the number one channel. When it became the number one channel, it became on the back of Ramayana first, then Mahabharata later and then the other shows which they bought back from the library. If you remove the effect of Doordarshan in Hindi GEC, the rest of the GEC grew by only 5%. So overall Hindi GEC grew by about 25%. If you remove that, Doordarshan has been the driver of that growth basically, which is Ramayana. Now I'm willing to bet you weren't born when Ramayana came in 1986. So if you haven't seen it and you heard about it from your parents or other family members and you read about it, you'll be interested to view it. And let's not forget we are living in a time that is very taxing emotionally. So this became not just a mythology or a great story. It also became a bit like a bomb that you can use the story to kind of uplift your spiritual mood or to uplift your confidence. And that's why it worked. When it started, it had I think three or four advertisers. It's grown 14 fold to 42 advertisers. Three advertisers grew to 42 advertisers. Mahabharata started with two advertisers, went to 24 advertisers. So I think people really laughed it up to be quite simple about it. It's been a big driver. Having said that Hindi GECs have done well. Now a few of these GECs, which used to be on Freedish, like Soni Rishite and a few others, which used to be on Freedish, they translated in end of March or beginning April. But during COVID, they decided not to charge and they went free. And they saw a big growth in their viewing. And GECs have continued to see growth. People are checking different programs, especially in non-prime time. So the prime time viewing habit may be what it is. It may have been dampened down because if you've seen all the shows, you may not repeat them. But people started watching a lot of the shows that they were able to catch up at non-prime time. Some of the GECs also played up some of the earlier mythologicals that they had, catching on to the trend and seeing people's move, building around that. In the South, the GECs have remained strong. They haven't got as impacted as in Hindi. So all the four languages and the five states, GECs have remained above the line of movies. In the Hindi belts, in some cases, the movie channels started doing better and they have done better over time. They have progressed, their numbers have gone up. And that's principally coming on the way they've planned their movies. Some of them bought some new movies in. So movie viewing has also gone up. So I would say if you go to the early period when people started working from home and then moving to lockdown, news was a big rise. Then came movies. Ramayan came around that period. So you saw that as a third curve coming out there. Now as I could just say that maybe there's a bit of stability in this week and perhaps in the next week to come there'll be some stability in terms of all of them are holding where they're holding. We will see these numbers may not be growing week on week but they are much higher and that contribution is coming because what do you do in the afternoon and the morning when you're at home? You know, you may have had a prime time habit or what do you do in non prime time and TV is filling that gap up. Sir, how has all of this impacted the advertising volume? So, you know, it's not a great time, right? You've got so much of viewing. You've got such less clutter. It's not a great time for advertising. So till March 31st, which is the close of half fiscal year, everybody's fiscal year in India, I guess there was an advertising, there was advertising growth happening there largely because there were contracts in place. Come April, we saw a nose dive. After that, we've now seen it flatten out. You know, you've seen, so there were about 1,400 advertisers in January. There are about 1,000 advertisers now. So it's down by those 400 advertisers. So who's advertising? It's what we call as the essentials basket. It's food services, it's personal care and hygiene. It's banking and financial services and some of it is the government, which is promoting either the app or it's promoting caution or educational messages in and around the virus and how to take care of yourselves around the virus, right? We've also seen an interesting trend. I think about 14% of the ad messages carry something about COVID and I'm not talking about government. I'm talking about private sector advertising, which carries something about COVID. So brand's trying to build on the goodwill. I think as the supply chain opens up, FMCGs and essentials basket will grow. The essential basket has grown almost by 15% in the last two, three weeks from, you know, it's a lower volume, but it's grown in relationship to that. So there is a growth back or a return back. We have to see how the next two, three weeks go as supply chain opens up. Many of these brands will come. The interesting trend I have seen in recent times is to find that a Unilever, a Wrecked Benkaiser or Amul will also advertise on kids programming and that has grown. Why? Because the parents are watching their shows with the kids. Kids are at home. They don't always want to see the news, right? So the parents are together with the kids, then they will sit and watch their programming with them. And I think that's smart marketing being done. Another recent trend is all the, what is, what is fashionably called the OTT players in India, the digital streaming services. Some of them have come back with advertising because it's a great opportunity for them. We do a report, which we release every Thursday. And the last edition also be, which we released yesterday with Nielsen, which studies smartphone, smartphone usage. It's very clear there's a growth of entertainment and news both. So news grew really fast and hard on smartphones. Then has come entertainment and now a lot of that has moved towards movies, especially movies they haven't seen or series which they haven't seen and the growth is both international as well as in regional. Obviously languages will do better, right? But its growth is both in international shows, international movies and local languages, Hindi and other Tamil Telugu languages. In February this year you had said that Bark India is planning to increase the panel size to 55,000 homes. Is the plan still on track? We now need to remove the plan because one our boxes are not made in India. So we've got to wait till the shipping lines open for these boxes to come in. We don't know what transitions we are allowed to make in India because we have to travel around the country. And there's a process in which we do this. We do broadcast India first, which is an estimation of television viewing. And then we place the last crunch of these boxes. So we are working on how we will do the estimation of television, right? In terms of size, we do that every year. So we need to do it this year. We were scheduled to do it last year but we were trying to do a joint industry initiative. But at this point in our time we will do an industry, we will do a TV estimate. And we are hoping to get that out somewhere between August and September. So we have pushed back the progression of the boxes. And frankly, that does not put at risk anything in our business. We are sample based. Our sample is aligned to the seven core variables that account for television viewing, which is the language spoken state group, down class, household size, NCCS, pop strata, et cetera, mode of signal received, cable or DTH of Leedish. So basis that we continue to represent the sample of India. Our reporting is accurate within the range that we prescribe to. It's certified, continues to be certified.  I'm sure there's going to be a process. There's going to be a gradual transition and we'll go about it. But the first thing we'll do is boxes are mechanical and electrical functional appliances. They have some failure. So some boxes, few boxes will go off. They have to be replaced, which is normal in our business. We never, we never report all the boxes because we have to make provision for some things to go right or to go wrong. So we have to keep that provision. So we all report a sample science, which is reasonable, which is accurate, which reflects the industry. And we will first estimate, re-estimate the TV science and the TV audience. And then we'll go on to place new boxes as and when they're available. We have, we don't have a horizon now when this will happen. You know, we have communicated to the government that we've got to have to time shift the plan and they understand that there is nothing anybody can do at this point of time. So besides this, what are the other things that are, that Bach is expected to do once this lockdown is over? So, you know, we have, we have now started co-reporting TV and smartphone viewing. So the one project that we will certainly do is multi-screen. Right? We are working with some members in the industry to be able to report content that's on TV and that content which may be seen on other devices, as well as any other content that is seen on other devices. Right? To the sense, to the extent that the industry participates and the extent to which we can make this work with technology, we will push the project of doing this. We used to have a panel called premium home, which is to report at our household level. Yesterday, we released the individual level data. Right? So we remain committed to some of the charter, to the points that we made in FEB when we shared our plan. We remain committed. There has to be a time shift because this is something that nobody anticipated. And we do not know when we bounce back to normal. Importantly, we are an industry funded body. If advertising in the industry doesn't do well, Bach cannot do all its activities. Right? We've already started undertaking many significant cost cuts. And we will make sure that we remain financially healthy and viable and our rating system remains accurate, dependable and completely viable. Sir, as an industry veteran, we can close on this.  You should visualize that we will have zero growth as far as advertising goes. Right? So, you know, it's a paradox. We've never had a year of higher content. Right? A higher content. It's one of the biggest years of content. And it's probably going to be parallel to the lowest year of monetization. Right? That's the unfortunate aspect. I think many categories will degrow. But I am personally an optimist. And I believe that the Indian entrepreneur and companies based in India will push really hard for a rebound as long as they're allowed to keep their supply chain going without risking the society or members of the society. Right? I think that's really important. It's a balance of managing health and managing the economy. It's not an easy situation. I think it's a hard act to work on. We release the currency because we know this helps our customers and our constituents be able to monetize their efforts, which is out there on a daily basis. Right? So, we believe that advertising will come back. Maybe some categories will come back first. The essentials basket will come back first. And some categories may take really a long time. Right?  Right? And we hope that some of the sporting events will pick up in the second part of the year. We don't know. I think it's very hard to predict. It's a tough year. And I just think keeping optimism going, being smart and being cautious, and planning your business well is important. The industry must survive and stay collected together at this point of time. That is simply the most important thing. I really appreciate, sir, the way you have summed it up in the end for the entire industry. I hope people watch and learn from it. We have to be together in these times of crisis and ensure that each one of us do our bit to keep the damage as much under control as possible. Thanks a lot, Mr. Lulla, for speaking to us and stay at home and stay safe. You too. Stay well and stay safe. Thank you, sir. Thanks a lot. Thank you.