Hey everybody, thanks for coming. This is one of my favorite shows. This is my second year now at Big Data Spain. This is me, that's not my laser. Oh, that's my laser, can you see it? That's me, that's my company. And that's where you find me everywhere that's a zero on the end. This is the link to the slide deck. These are Google slides. You don't have to take a picture of the screen yet. I put the link at the end so you can decide at the end whether it was worth taking a picture of the slide, okay? Everything else good? Can you hear me fine? We're all good? How many of you actually already work with satellite images? You're gonna be bored. They told me this was business track, so I'm doing business. How many of you are developers? Whoa, they told me business track. I'm sorry, but I will show, well, the network is kind of sketchy. So if the network holds up, I can show you some Jupyter notebook stuff. Would that be good? Yes, no, thank you. I didn't know Spanish people were quiet. That's not the impression that I have of Spaniards. Okay, let's get started. The goals for today. Teach you a bit about remote sensing. Sorry for those who already know. Two, show you some of the value you could be getting from using remote sensing. And three, have fun, okay? Sound good? Okay, this is the part. I know the difference between C you know, right? It's just one syllable, C, or no. Sounds good? You don't even have to say yes. I can speak that much Spanish, okay? All right, so what do we all wanna do? Like what's the purpose of big data? Why do we all do big data stuff? It's cool, that's why I do it, it's fun. But the reason why our companies pay us to do it is because we wanna make timely, knowledgeable decisions about things in the world. Is that a pretty good summary of why we do big data? For the most part, yeah? And so why should you care about satellites, right? Well, are we all agreed that's a good reason for doing big data? Yes? And most of you are not using satellites, though some are, and I'll show you why actually, satellite imagery can help you get more timely data than you can get otherwise, and it can cover larger areas than you would have access to otherwise. So how many have one of these in their, not this exact model, because this is probably like 20 years old, but how many have one of these in their possession? Okay, how many of you have a smartphone on you? Then everybody's hands should have gone up, because all of us basically have digital cameras now, right, in our phones. So there's not much difference between that and this except in some very few key areas. This is our world view three satellite, right? So digital globe actually flies the birds up in the sky. We have a license from governments to fly it, which means we have some restrictions and stuff, but we actually have our own constellation of satellites. So let's talk about some of those differences. One pixel in one of our images represents 30 centimeters on the ground, right? So something like this is one pixel. Does everybody know what a pixel is? Is there a special Spanish word for it? Pixelo? Pixiamento? Si, si, pixiamento. So it represents 30 centimeters on the ground. That means that satellite up there, when it takes its digital picture of the ground, each little square is 30 centimeters, enough to see the lines in the middle of a highway or street lights, okay? If you took your iPhone and you put it at the same height as our satellite and took a picture, each square would be 40,000 centimeters on a side, right? So at best, you could probably see an aircraft carrier. Okay, does everybody know what an aircraft carrier is? See, I'm sure you know what it is. If I say it in English, do you know what I'm saying?  Okay, next. The satellite is moving at about 27,000 kilometers an hour around the earth. That's fast enough to get to London, from London to Paris in under a minute, right? But the image is not blurred. And I have a feeling that if you were moving your phone at 27,000 miles per hour, there might be a little blur effect, right? It knows a pixel location to within five meters of its true location. So what I mean by that is if I tell you that this pixel is at these coordinates, that's if I went out with a GPS unit and took the middle of that pixel, it would be plus or minus five meters to the center of that pixel in terms of where it is compared to the GPS. Make sense? And that's without any manual correction. There is actually algorithms you can go in and using real known landmarks like GPS and stuff and get it to be submeter accuracy. But just straight off the satellite, it's within five meters. I don't think the geotagging photo on your iPhone can do that either. And each image is about 60 to 80 gigabytes, okay? Which is a, wait, am I supposed to say giga? Is it giga here? Or is it giga? It's giga. See? See, like wiffy? I know. It took me a long time to figure out what wiffy was. So the other thing about this, and this will come back later, is working with, that means each time I pull down a scene, that's 60 to 80 gigabytes of data that you're gonna have to process, right? That also means how many of you actually do have a digital camera? Yeah, and do you have like a 16 giga card in it or maybe a 32 giga card in it? And how fast do you fill up your terabyte hard drive? Like this, right? So think about how fast that satellite is constantly taking pictures. We actually don't store all the pictures the satellite takes because despite everybody saying disks are cheap, at our scale, disks are still not cheap enough. If we stored all the satellites, it would be, I'll show you how much data we have already, and that's without not storing every single picture we take. Some stats from our constellations, so this is all the satellites that we run. We have 18 years of satellite data, right? So going back over the entire globe. With that, we have over 100 petabytes of data. Amazon loves us. So most of our platform is hosted in Amazon. We have a very large storage bill. But that also, I guess, is invited to Amazon re-invent every year. Look what they're doing on the Amazon platform. Our constellation collects about three million square kilometers each day on the Earth, and most of that's not over the ocean. Like we basically tend to throw the ocean away because not many people are interested in the ocean unless someone asks for it. And we have ground resolution. Our largest is 10 meters on a side, and this is for some of our atmospheric products all the way down to the 30 centimeters I told you. Up to 29 bands of spectral resolution. So I'm assuming most of the people who do GIS or spatial know what I mean when I say 29 bands of spectral, is that true? For the rest of you, do you know what that means? See or know? No. So let's go, tell us, thanks Will. So let's go ahead and go ahead and see what we can do with that. Okay, when the image comes back, it comes back with multiple bands. Right, so what that looks like is a whole bunch of 2D-years arrays stacked on top of each other. So our more advanced cameras on our satellites will give you back eight bands from each camera, which means you have eight pixels for each location on the Earth. Pixie Lamentos, does that make sense? See? We treat these when you get these back. These can be processed in, how many of you are Python developers or work with Python? So these are all numpy arrays. Right, you can do all of your normal numpy, unfortunately, Matplotlib, all that stuff you can use with our image arrays. But what does it mean that there's eight bands? Everybody remember high school? With the radio, this is the electromagnetic spectrum? Everybody remember that? See or know? See, don't make me ask you every time when I had to remember. Because I will, I will. I'm a dad and I was a professor, so. So what I'm talking about with bands is, when I say a band, what we've done is we've compressed all the reflectance off the surface of the Earth. So the way the satellite works is, light comes off the Sun, hits the Earth, reflects back up to the satellite and we capture that in the camera. So a band is where we take the reflectance and we squeeze it into this, all the reflectance that comes back over this range gets put into that band. And then that gets translated into the pixel value in that band. Does that make sense? See, nice job for those who answered. Good job. So when I say we have, this is our multi-spectral bands. Here are all these ones in colors. This means that camera on the worldview three satellite takes one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight bands. Some are where the human eye works. Some are where the human eye cannot see things. And this makes you awesome, right? Because you can actually do things like this. So again, this is our electromagnetic spectra on the bottom again, just like we had before. And here is how much light is reflected off at those different wavelengths on different objects. Make sense? See, everybody should be saying see, otherwise you're not paying attention. Did you eat lunch? Is that the problem? All right, so what you can see here is this is dry grass, like Spain in the summertime, right? Yellow everywhere, so there's no chlorophyll in it. These, the grass, the walnut tree, the fir tree, what's the word for walnut in Spanish? Is there none? It's the one you put in brownies. Exactly. Okay, so what you can see here is the chlorophyll actually reflects here, what color do you think that is right there? Remember, the color you see with your eyes, the color that's reflected off. So what do you think this little peak, this is the visible spectra right here. What color do you think that is? Green, right? It's reflecting in green, so it looks green to our eye. Plants love blue light, and they love red and infrared. That's where they're absorbing all their energy. But then, if you go into the other parts of infrared, this is near infrared right here. If you go into infrared, they all start reflecting really far. If I had a plot of water, it would look something like that. Water reflects a lot in this part of the spectra, and then basically drops off in the infrared. So this allows us to do really interesting things. And then you can also notice, grass is a monocot, monocotelidin, do you remember that from biology class? See at least some of you, your teachers would be proud. These are deciduous tree, walnut, and the fir tree. And notice up here, they all have different reflectives in the reflectance. So we can use the ratios between what they reflect here and what they reflect here to try to figure out different species and what's happening. This reflectance is due mostly to some of the water content in the leaves. So if you do that, these are three pictures of an agricultural field. How many of you work in agriculture or insurance? Right, and maybe you insure crops. So what you're seeing here for agriculture, oopsie, wrong way, these are all, we've using that reflectance and we're using different colors to visualize it. These are supposedly plants growing and healthy. Right, so to us, they'd all look green. This is water content in the leaves. This is plants that are stressed. So one of the big applications of this is how many of you have heard of something called precision agriculture? Three, two, really only two people have heard of precision agriculture. For those who've heard it in Latin Spanish, is there a different word in Spanish? It's the same word and only two people have heard of it. You guys need to get up on this, it's huge in data science because the idea is with precision agriculture, tractors now can be driven by GPS alone and they're accurate to within several centimeters as they're driving and they know where they are in the field to within several centimeters. So what that means is you feed the tractor this satellite image and it says, oh, anything in red is stressed. I will put nitrogen here, I will not put nitrogen here.   I will go drive here, I can ignore here. So it's a much more specific application of resources, much more efficient, much more money inducing, knowledge about the world that helps us make timely decisions. Good? Okay, so when we went to that shortwave infrared, the one all the way up there that was on the far right, that's this part of the spectra here, right? Up there's the, there's blue, green. We're up in here. These are all different kinds of minerals. I think these are all ones that are iron based. How many of you are in mining? We're involved with a mining company. Okay, after this, you're gonna start going and doing mining. The middle one is a true color, red, green, blue, right? This is what it looks like if you took a picture with your digital camera. This one is looking at the different ratios of reflectance. Right, and you can see some of the things stay the same, but these dark patches, these are green and these are red. Those are actually different mineral compounds in the ground. You can't tell that from the visual image, but you can tell it from here. So then based on that, you can say, ah, these are high gypsum fields. These actually have iron bearing ores in here. And then based on that, you can go out and extract the things you want in just the areas you need rather than digging up this entire area. Make sense? Okay, plus also, it's much quicker to do something like this than to send out multiple field crews doing bore samples across the top of the surface, right? What you may do is do this, and then do this and say, ah, I don't really trust this. I'll send my, but I'm not gonna send my crew here. I'll just send them here and here to see what's the grade of that ore, right? This is all big data analysis though. Basically, this is all processing numpy arrays. And doing manipulations on them. So you can do this. Okay, this isn't some special, I mean it is, but it's not. Once you learn the basics, this is basic data science. So you wanna see some notebooks? See? Thank you. So we'll see if the internet stays with us. Because what I'm actually using here is, this is a hosted notebook on our platform. How many of you have used Jupyter? How many of you like Jupyter? Well, I disagree with you. But okay. What I'm gonna show is how easy it is to bring in one of our satellite images. Let me get rid of this announcement that my G-Force drivers are ready. So we're gonna bring in an image. So we bring up this search box. Where do we wanna get an image from? Somewhere in Spain. Okay, that's good. We have to get a little closer than Spain. It doesn't have to be Spain. It can be anywhere on Earth. Okay. We're gonna run out of time, because nobody's answering. Okay, yeah, great. Say something I don't know how to spell. Nice job. Spell it. See? Oh, there? See? What the been? That's Italian, right? Okay. So what I can do is like, oh, this is the area I want. Let's zoom into that port. Cause let's say we wanna, and I'll show this later. We wanna do something on the ships in the port. We don't wanna have to go out there every single time and count the ships. We don't wanna sit there and wait for the reports to come in from the shipping agency. We're actually a hedge fund. Is that the same word in Spanish? Does anyone know what I'm saying when I'm saying hedge fund? Right, so we're basically looking for the fastest information as soon as possible. So we don't wanna wait for all that stuff. We're gonna actually use remote sensing to tell us what's in the ports. Or maybe we're the fishing agency, and we wanna know how many boats are coming in and who's in port. Okay, or maybe we're humanitarian and we're looking, does this on the Mediterranean? Yeah, so maybe we're looking for refugee vessels, although probably not here. It's probably a far journey, but there's refugees coming in here. So we could be looking for refugee vessels coming in, right? So then what we do is we say, okay, here's the port. Ah, this looks like loading docks. This is perfect. So what we can do is do this. I love how friendly the Spanish are. You're so nice. And then we say search.  And I'm gonna have to make this screen smaller because otherwise we won't see it. And then down here, oh, I put it in my pocket. Down here, you can see we've returned all the satellite images that we have. Right now these are, it's showing the satellite images from our platform. How many of you have heard of the Sentinel European Space Program? We also have Sentinel-2 images and we have Landsat images and we have Iconis in there. So I can change this to all. And now you can see we're also getting the Sentinel and Landsat images in there. And you can use this platform to bring them in. But I wanna show you one of the nice ones. So let's go back to WorldView 3. Whoops. So this, now you can see it's got 100% coverage. This one on June of this year with no cloud cover. And if you wanna see, oh, is this actually what I want? Or was that cloud actually covering? Like a 2% cloud cover, let's preview that one. So that's gonna pull down the preview. There's the preview and we can see wherever that 2% of clouds is, it's not here. So we're good. Okay, so we can say insert. And what that does is automatically insert into your notebook the ability to call out this little piece of the larger image. If I zoom out now, I'll show you what the satellite actually brought back. Remember when I said preview? That strip from here to here is what, that's the 60 to 80 gigabyte image. Yes, is that a question? No, you're waving to your friend to say I'm sitting here. Is that what you were doing? Good job. A satellite could have helped with that if only we'd had a satellite in the room. So that's the 60 to 80 gigabyte image. But for most of us, we don't want that, right? If you're just interested in looking at the boats and the port, I don't want all that. I just want that little piece that I got there, right? And then from here, we can do all sorts of other analysis, right? But there you can see, look, there's cars and shipping containers in the lots. And I'm not even that zoomed in. I mean, if we really want to zoom in, let's go back. So we know there's a boat right here. You want to look at the boat or you want to look at the docks? Boat, thank you. Bonus points for you. So let's just do this because the boat's right there. Search. And that was the, I don't remember which one, the one with 2%, right? So it's preview. No, let's just insert it.  So there we can see the boat right there. So that to me looks like a cruise vessel. Yeah? Why? Who knows why I'm saying that? Yeah, there's a swimming pool. And that looks like chairs. Now, this is not really sharp right away. So this is actually, since we're using the visible bands, what this is about 0.5, no, 50, yeah, 0.5 meters on a side. If I want to make that sharper, what we're going to do is we're going to take our 0.3 meter camera and merge it with our 0.5 meter pixels. Does that make sense? We have a better resolution image. So what I can say here is pan, sharpen equals, I think this is it. If jet lag hasn't robbed me of all my memory, nope. Yes, thank you. Good pair programming. There. Now watch what'll happen to that ship. So what we're doing is on our server side, we're doing that merging and then returning the image back so you don't actually have to do that processing in your notebook. And this is where we wait for the internet. There, but now you can see that it should seem to you like the boat is even sharper. Does it look sharper now? A little bit, is it hard to tell from back there? If you were zoomed in, we would be able to see these small boats better and we can see the actual outline of the pool more clearly. It was easy to see there was a pool there before. It wasn't as easy to see how big it was, okay? Any questions? I like taking questions in the middle. Any questions? Okay, so what I'm going to do is show you, the rest of this talk is basically just going to be showing you more stuff. Does that sound good? We have 15 minutes about. Was that a, that was a cheering that we only have 15 minutes left? Yeah, that's what that was. I know, go faster now even you're saying. Oh, I thought Spaniards were nice and now you offset it for him. Way to go. All right, so the next one I'm going to show you is this is a revealing, this is all visible, right? This would be easy for us to do visible stuff, right? But if we wanted to reveal some of the hidden, so let's hide the tips. This is one that I've written. Again, remember the bands. So this is an arrow in Pueblo, Colorado. All right, I picked that of course because I wanted to use Spanish words. So this is Pueblo, Colorado, good, both Spanish words. I heard that. Okay, does anybody know what this is up here? Baseball fields, exactly. What happens to baseball fields in dry areas? What do we do to them in the United States? Yes, we put lots of water in them so that they are healthy vegetation, right? Also, where is the water bodies in this picture? Like, where's the areas of water? It's pretty easy to tell that this is water, right? Right away. You're probably saying that's water. This looks like a river. So we'll probably go with that being a river and that's a river too, probably, right? Do you see any others? Has anybody seen any others? Yes, no? Watch what happens now. So this is going to be using some of those bands between them. First, I want to show you. In this one, this is the normal one we were looking at before. In this one, what we've done is we've said near-infrared is now going to be red pixels. Red pixels are going to be green, red reflectance is going to be green pixels and green reflectance is going to be blue pixels. We basically have shifted our normal picture up. Does that make sense? We do this a lot in remote sensing just to get a good idea. So remember, look at all these pictures down here. This is blue, green, red, where we usually see things. There's not much difference, just more reflectance. But look what happens when I plot the infrared. What happens to the baseball fields? They're very bright because you remember, chlorophyll reflects, healthy chlorophyll reflects infrared really brightly. So first off, we can see the baseball fields much easier here that they're green vegetation. We can see the vegetation growing along the sides. We can see all the vegetation growing in the, this is a park, we can see the vegetation trees around people's houses, right? In which they're much harder to pick out right here. So this is what you get with the extra bands. Now let's go for our water problem. We're trying to find the water. So remember I said before, water drops off in the infrared. So what we're gonna do is use the ratio of infrared to green to find water bodies. And what that gives us is this, right? There's our lakes before, good. There's that other lake, there's that other one. But we miss this stream. There is probably only a little bit of water in it and there's probably actually some ponds down here. And we miss those as well. So this is one of the things, if you were somebody in charge of water resources for Pueblo, Colorado, this image helps you immensely. This also gets us though into a segmentation problem. Right, because what else is blue on this? The roads, right? They're all blue. And then this is the river, but look how light that is. There's sediment right there underneath the water. It's very shallow water. So then on the rest of this notebook, which if you sign up for our services you can go play with it yourself. We actually go through manual segmentation to figure out where to threshold that value. Right, and then I picked, this one I think is picking up too much noise down here. This one's cutting away too many rivers. We've lost that entire thing up there. So I picked the point two and then I plot it back on top of our original image. Okay, so this is some of the basic analysis you can do. Here, how many of you have used SageMaker or have heard of SageMaker? Amazon's big machine learning platform. Here we're gonna actually do object detection in this next one. So this is the Paulo tsunami. You remember it was about a month and a half ago the tsunami in Indonesia, right? So when this happened, let me go to the top. Let me first show you the level. I mean, I'm just gonna show you a quick bit of the destruction. It was actually, that's actually one of the bad parts about working at a company like this is when we act, because we give this data away for free when there's a tragedy like this and you start looking through it and you get to understand how bad the destruction is on a totally different level. So there's before and there's after. So the bridge is gone, this whole area of land is gone and there's a whole bunch of sediment draining out into the area out there. So what we did is we took, so we're gonna focus on this area to try to help relief efforts to look for destroyed housing and where people might be. And you can see there's quite a bit of difference. What we did, and I'm showing this for a very specific reason, is we took a machine learning algorithm we had built for burnt houses in California, right? And we said, okay, let's just naively apply that to this image as well. And so here you can see that machine learning image right here where we're using SageMaker to do the machine learning on object detection. And when that comes out, we get this before image. So this is the before image. You can see all the building object that thinks it's found. And you can tell it's not doing a very good job, right? Because it's saying this is one building, right? So why did I tell you this? Why did I show you this? No reason. The reason is because your same data science skills that you use now still apply to remote-sense images. If I build a training data set on the customers of a new cutting-edge bank, and I build a model on that based on their saving and investment preferences, should I use that same model on a bank that's been around for a couple of centuries? That's not a trick question. Would that model be as valid? Especially with something like machine learning where there's no mechanisms under it? No, you can say no. I won't pick on you, I'm a nice guy, unlike some people. And so that same thing applies here with remote sensing. Just because you have a building model, or a ship model, or a car model, does not mean that you can apply it everywhere on the globe. So there's still a lot of, once you've built a model, your work is not done, especially if you wanna spread it to other places. But let's just keep going with this, knowing that it's pretty rough. This is the after model, okay? I don't know why it thinks it found, maybe this building here, if it makes it think it found a building here. And I don't know why it thinks that's a building. So what we end up with is, these are the buildings that supposedly remained, and then this is our final image. Can you see the green boxes there? All the green boxes are buildings we think have been destroyed. So we, I mean, at our first cut heuristic, this is way faster than actually going through and trying to digitize and count them all. But it's actually not a great model, but I'm showing you that you can do all this kind of object detection on remote-sensed images. Any questions on that one? We good? All right, I'm gonna quickly go through some other use cases. This one's exactly related. This is a hurricane in Oklahoma, in the United States. Within a couple hours after the hurricane, they were actually, or tornado, sorry, tornado, not hurricane. The different, do you know the difference between a hurricane and a tornado? Obviously I do not. Yeah, hurricanes are these big, huge storms. Tornadoes are those diablos that spin through, right? So everything in orange here is destroyed. Everything in blue is possibly damaged and the rest are basically okay. So within a couple hours the insurance companies in this area were able to know where they should send out adjusters and where they were gonna have to do work. Not sending someone out into the field going individually to each house. So someone over here said they work for an insurance company. This is the kind of efficiency it gets you beforehand. Right? And you can tell the people to ignore over here. Right? We don't have to send anybody over there unless they call. Okay, another example. So this is back to that mineral stuff and other things you can do with that shortwave infrared. This is what comes off a Landsat. Landsat eight has shortwave infrared. And then this is what comes off of our satellites for the same area. Because we have smaller pixel sizes, you can pick things out. Yes, that was the five minute warning. I got seven over here. Who do I believe? Oh, that says five over there, though. But that's American time. It's not 455. Here's, let me show you another. Oh, here you're actually, that's building roof material. Right, this is probably tar and this is other things right here, right? So we can actually use SWIR to actually pick out different kinds of building roof material. You could look at change over time. You could do it for solar panels, of which I'm shocked. There's so few of in Spain. Why is that? I haven't seen any. Okay, no one knows why. The other thing that SWIR is good for is looking for water, like I said before. This looks like a big dry field, yeah? Except for this pond right here and maybe some of these right here. That's actually what the soil moisture looks like using that other infrared, right? And there'd be no way to do this without going out and sampling in the field. Another example, this is a forest fire. Where's the fire?  And I know Spain has a lot of fires. You're very similar to the habitat where I live, which is Santa Cruz, California, right? Where we're having a bunch of fires right now. This is for your insurance people, for your firefighters, for your government agencies, all of this, it's really helpful stuff. It's also really good for building detection. This, again, was a project we did with Bill and Melinda Gates in Africa. OpenStreetMap had these little blue houses. We used some AI stuff or machine learning stuff and got it to look like that, automatically. So the numbers on this, well, automatically, right? The numbers on this were, we mapped almost 18 and a half million houses over 945,000 square kilometers in Tanzania. Or Tanzania, depending on how you pronounce it. So this is good for the building industry. This is good for civil planners. Again, good for insurance. Let's see, what else we got here? Ship detection. If you want to look at counting passenger vehicles from satellite imagery, these links are all on the slides. This actually talks about the difference between using, I think, I put this one in because I think you guys would really like it. We talk about different algorithms. So the Lynette classifier, we compare that to a CNN. And then we also compare that to doing segmentation and morphology. And then we compare that to single shot detectors. And they all give really interesting counts on cars. So you can get, this is automatic counting of all the cars in this lot. I think I made my point, huh? The only one is this one also shows off using SageMaker in the middle. These links are all in there. So let me wrap it up. So what does our platform get you? Let me actually go back to presenting quickly. So what our platform gets you is Jupiter for Exploration and Collaboration. We host it for you. You can certainly bring them down and work on your own laptops if you want, but you can also work on them remotely on our platform and save them there and collaborate. We have REST APIs for pulling back the image retrieval. We have a tasking framework, and it also integrates with ML and AI and vector and numeric storage. The tasking frame, oh, you can mix in other data formats on that platform. The tasking framework takes your notebook. So you develop a notebook. You can then say make this into a task and run it over an entire area. So for example, when we saw those baseball fields, suppose you were interested in all the baseball fields in California, because you own a taco truck, and you want to start doing your little taco truck tour to sell your tacos, you could run that, you could develop that in Santa Cruz and maybe up in, let me think of another, in Los Angeles, and then you say take this notebook, now make it into a task and run it in the background on our infrastructure across all of California and give me back the vectors for just the baseball fields. Make sense? And it's on our infrastructure and we do it for you. Using containers, of course. Coming soon, which soon as in like sometime this winter, is the ability to train, validate, and analyze machine learning models along with storing the model and the results all in the platform itself. Like a whole platform for doing that, especially since imagery is somewhat harder to do that with. That's the end. There's the slide deck again, so now you can take your picture if you thought it was worth it, and then that's me. And I think I've used up all my time for questions, yeah? So, I will be around though, I'm doing something at like ask the expert session over by theater 25, and then I think I'm done for the day, although I'm going to Will and Sophie's talk, or it's actually just Will's talk, but that's later. You should go too, Will's a good speaker. And he's nicer than me. Thank you.


Hello and welcome to the session, let's discuss the following question. It says a hemispherical depression is cut out from one face of cubical wooden block such that diameter L of the hemisphere is equal to the edge of the cube. Determine the surface area of the remaining solid. So let's now move on to the solution. We are given a cubical wooden block from which a hemispherical depression is cut out. We have to find the surface area of the remaining solid. Now the hemispherical depression is cut out in such a way that its diameter is equal to the edge of the cube. Now edge of the cube is L and diameter of the hemisphere is also L. Therefore radius of hemisphere would be L by 2. Now we have to find the surface area of the remaining solid. So the surface area of remaining solid would be surface area of cubical block minus area of base of hemisphere plus the curved surface area of the hemisphere. We are subtracting area of base of hemisphere because surface area of cubical block already includes this. So we need to subtract this and since by cutting a hemispherical depression we are getting the curved surface of the hemisphere. So we are adding the curved surface area of the hemisphere. Now this is, if this is denoted by A and this implies A is equal to surface area of cubical block would be 6 into L square as we know that surface area of cube is 6 into side square and it has edge L. So it is 6 L square minus area of the base of the hemisphere. Now base of the hemisphere would be a semi-circle. It would be a circle. So it has area pi r square where r is the radius of the circle. So it would be pi into L by 2 square plus curved surface area of the hemisphere which is 2 pi r square r is the radius. So this implies A is equal to 6 L square minus pi L square by 4 plus 2 pi L square by 4 and this implies A is equal to 6 L square plus pi L square by 4 and this again implies A is equal to 24 L square plus pi L square upon 4. This implies A is equal to taking L square common from the numerator we have L square by 4 into 24 plus pi. Hence the surface area of the remaining solid is L square by 4 into pi plus 24. So this completes the question and the session. Bye for now. Take care. Have a good day.


Ladies and gentlemen, the Honorable Prime Minister of India, Mr. Narendra Modi. A warm welcome to the Honorable Prime Minister who joins us at the Second Republic Summit in New Delhi. Ladies and gentlemen, the Shillong Chamber Choir with Omar Apunardek, the state song of Aham. Its lilting, melody and stirring lyrics have moved the hearts of its listeners for close to a century. The title means, Oh My Enduring Country. Mr. Prime Minister Sir, we present this rendition by the Shillong Chamber Choir. A song now which we are about to sing is a song we don't get tired of singing because the sentiment of it is one that we will never get tired about. And it speaks like we spoke recently about bridging the gap. It says in a world with so much suffering, let us heal the wounded gap. Not them, not they, not the others, but us. And our craft is music. We are artists and we all here have a calling.  Our viewers from across the world, and it gives me happiness to say that our viewers are today watching this in Australia and in the United Kingdom where we began broadcasting recently, and in Singapore and in Dubai and even in Canada where our network is right now live, ladies and gentlemen, a very warm welcome to all of you and especially to Prime Minister Narendra Modi on our second Republic Summit. Respected Pradhan Mantri ji, you inspire our nation with your leadership and today you inspire us all who are gathered here in this hall with your presence for a second consecutive year for our Republic Media Network Summit and last year, last year Pradhan Mantri ji when we were just one year old as a network and when we had still not launched our Hindi channel Republic Bharat, you said at the Republic Media Summit in Mumbai and I would like to quote you, you said today India is a country that never stops. Na rukenge na jhukenge na dheema parenge, yeh India ne tharn liya hai. Pradhan Mantri ji, every week today the Republic Media Network in Hindi and in English is reaching 150 to 200 million viewers across India that's 15 to 20 crore viewers across our country. We are working hard and today I'm proud to say that on the digital medium where we are now working we have more readership on the digital medium than some of the most highly circulated newspapers of India. Is liye Pradhan Mantri ji, ham ne bhi tharn liya hai ki desh ke barthewe kadam ke saath saath hamara Republic Media Network bhi apne kadam aur bhi tez karega. And respected Prime Minister it gives me great pride to announce in your presence today with as much confidence as I did last year when we announced Republic Bharat in your August presence we are happy to announce that starting January 2020 the Republic Media Network is now expanding its operation and we will now broadcast and publish in every Indian language. This is a big step for our network and I'm so proud to present this before you today that in the next 18 months our plan is to operate on digital video and text in all major Indian languages making the Republic Media Network the largest, fastest, most diversified news network in India and towards this we seek your support, your encouragement and we seek the love and belief of the people of India.  You have taken the image of Bharat to an unparallel level across the entire world and every Indian knows and acknowledges that today. As you have said in Houston and I'd like to quote you again, Indians are identified by their virtue of patience but now we are impatient. We are impatient for the development of this country and to take the country to newer heights in the 21st century and therefore in line with the aspirations of growing India under our leadership I want to make one more formal announcement. We are also very impatient to run with the country to grow and grow fast. Today, large growing fast media network and therefore I am happy to announce in the presence of everyone here in this industry in Delhi and starting 2020-10. And you are talking about this first 30 years that I am taking this forward has been in the process of formally expanding into global news operations. We believe it is time for an Indian media network to grow globally. It has been something we have spoken about for a long time and our respected Prime Minister Narendra Modi has also evangelized and supported such ideas of India, India's soft power going to the world and we believe that we can bring Indian hard work, Indian professionalism, our understanding of media and technology to enter into the very competitive world of global media. I don't know how this journey will end but I assure you we will work as hard in expanding into our global operations as we have over the last two years, building the network. We want to broadcast and publish on digital to start with for a global audience and become the first Indian media network to beam for the world, not just for Indians living abroad who are a very large part of our community. Therefore, Prime Minister, we will become the first Indian media network with a regional, national and global footprint. We will work hard step by step with you to deepen our democracy and to take the great story of our great nation across the world because we believe that our work in the Republic of India is only one thing. The nation first. On national level. On national level. And only on national level. Prime Minister, we request you to give your word to us. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Goswami. On the other hand, all of you are great. The entire Republic TV, Republic of India team, all of you here, the people from the society, friends, Last time, when I came in between you, the only discussion of the Republic TV was about. But now, you have established the Republic of India. Now, let me tell you that in a short time, your regional channel is about to be launched. And it is also preparing for global presence. For this, I give you all good news. Friends, it has been 70 years of our society. It is a very historic day. I give all of you and all of the viewers of the Republic TV, a very special day of this year and a very special day. Friends, who do you think is the best? The nation wants to know. The nation wants to know. From where the journey started, from there, how the journey of nation first has been decided. In the last five years, not the whole country has seen this transformation. Five, six years ago, in the public and media, only questions, questions, questions, this is what was going on. And it seemed as if a recording bulletin was going on. And in between, the same thing kept repeating. Usually, there were discussions. Thousands of crores of drops. So, in the second week, there were thousands of crores of drops. Sometimes, in the morning, sometimes in Mumbai, sometimes in Delhi, sometimes in Kaipur, in Bombay, sometimes in North East, in Blockhead, sometimes in the sky, it was expensive. If one bulletin had ended, then the next day, the same bulletin would have come again. And with all the same news. Now, with the circumstances and circumstances, the country has progressed a lot. Now, with the problems and challenges, we are talking about the solution. While there are ten or so old problems, the country is looking in front of its eyes. And sometimes, people keep saying, we didn't think that we would be able to see this as long as we live. And there are two main reasons for this. There are 130 crores of people who believe, who say, yes, it is India's moment. And secondly, there are 130 crores of people in India who say, nation first, nation first, nation above, nation ahead. Friends, you may remember, a few years ago, I had made a small appeal. And I said, the one who is able to do it, he should leave his gas supply. It was a small appeal. After this appeal, more than a crore of people left their gas supply. This is nation first. Since July 2017, 63 lakhs, more than that, senior citizens who have to travel on railways, get subsidies. 63 lakhs of passengers, senior citizens, have voluntarily left their subsidies. This is nation first. You may remember, to make 100 crores in our village, a 105-year-old woman, sold her goats for only one of her earnings. She made a toilet and started a movement to make a toilet. This is nation first. Retired teachers of Pune, who have a huge share of their pension has donated. Is this nation first? Does a android teach citizens how to behave responsibly. He teaches citizens And the same is the same, nation-firsts. Friends, this nation-first is the foundation of every nation of the nation. It is the feeling of responsibility towards our country that is not encouraging India today. And that is why you have put the theme of the summit of India's moment, nation-first. It reflects the emotions and aspirations of the nation today. Friends, the feeling of nation-first is what we have done. The trust of the people is so much that you have seen it in the world elections this year. The people of the nation know and believe that we have done our job by accepting nation-first as our own life. Now, from this mandate, we have been given the order to fulfill the demands of the people along with the needs of the people. What are the last demands? These are the demands of the nation-first. We have to get rid of the old demands of the nation-first. Friends, when nation-first is the first, then our thoughts are also growing and we are trying to prove them. I would like to share with you some examples. On the other hand, Article 370 and 335a. Because of this, you know the progress of India. And now, how this challenge has been solved? You have seen this too. Article 370 has been in our community since the first day. It has not been established. It has not been temporarily established. But still, because of the political freedom of some people and some families, it has been psychologically established. By doing this, they have accepted the feeling of the community. They have seen it. Because of Article 370, they have given the air to the people of Algao and Phalaan. Our government has removed Article 370 and Article 35a and established the community of the nation-first. Now, in Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh, the new path of development has begun to open. There was another issue in front of the country, which was going on for hundreds of years. For hundreds of years. From dozens of different courts, it was being heard. And this issue was of Ayodhya. The first one who lived in Dal Sattah, they did not have the will to solve this conflict and influence. They were looking for their own vote in this. So, they kept joining the courts to get rid of it. There was no reason that this marriage would not have been solved earlier. But, some political parties and organizations of this country, have pulled Ayodhya's marriage for so many days. If such people had been left behind, they would never have been able to solve this issue. Friends, to get rid of our politics, and to keep the issues up, some people have always created an artificial logic of fear in the country. If India does this, then it will be like this. If there is such a decision in the country, then it will be like this. It will escalate. It will be backlash. Interference. Just like they used to talk with logic. They used to justify it. Friends, today, on the 25th of November, it is the year of the meeting in Mumbai. We know it very well. After this meeting, how tender was the meeting with the terrorists. Now, how does the country act against terrorists? Do I need to tell you this? All the logic used by the terrorists has been changed now. Friends, the issue of three divorces has not been pulled this far. Even this issue has been pulled as much as possible. It shows the same artificial logic of fear. Similarly, the poor have always been created by the issue of protection. The politicians of the board bank have never given anyone lies to anyone.  How long does it last like this? Article 370, Aayudhya ho, Teen talag ho, Ya gharibon ko aarakshaan. The country has taken such decisions to face the old challenges. And now, it is moving forward. And it is not like this that the power of the country has not tried to incite people to get angry. Everything has been tried. But the people have failed. And this feeling of the people is nation-first. The cycle of time is also seeing that when nation-first happens, the country takes great decisions. And it shows the ability to accept those decisions. And it is moving forward. By changing the thinking of India, it is a strong message for every political party of our country. The people of the country do not want to be in trouble. They do not want to be in trouble. They only want to be able to see the development of the country. The doors of new successes only open when challenges are accepted in life. Now, you can watch our show Arnab. You can watch his TV show. By making such a long window and calling so many guests, Arnab's court begins. But when does this happen? Arnab's guests also take risks in their show. Anyway, it is fun. Arnab accepted the challenge. And that is why a network like Republic TV has been established. Our government has accepted not only challenges, but also a serious effort to solve them. I remember when in 2014, after becoming the government, NPAs were held during the last government. And what was the situation when the problem was solved to hide it? We brought this mess to the country and came up with a solution. Now, because of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Court, IBC, the return of Rs. 3 lakh crores has been established. Do you remember? How many people had come up with NPAs? It was a pattern. Before 2017, these people made a new lie. And then, all of a sudden, the news will be spread across the world. Or breaking news will be made. And then, their entire ecosystem will be blown away. In the media, you make a background and package. Remember, this pattern was led by NPAs. This pattern was led by EBM. This pattern was led by Rafael. A few days ago, when the government reduced corporate tax from a historical point of view, something had been started. And the election board has become their favourite. Along with the country, to maintain the power, to maintain the country, in a historical way, if anything is happening, some people start feeling pain in their stomach. Tell me, do you remember the debate on the basis of this? They went to the Supreme Court and said, that the basis was not legal. These people gave full power to the country. Friends, today, the basis of the human rights of the country has become a big issue. And not only this, we have this data of the basis of biometric identification. The world is getting confused. The nature of the world has made me talk about the basis and the process of the basis. We have so many important things in our lives. Friends, we have a small contribution to the basis. We have more than 8 crores of paper. Will you be surprised? More than such people who were never born. They were not born, but married, became widows, became pensioners. These were the people who had only paper. These paper people used to take gas subsidy, take pension, take salary, take scholarship. They used to use the same money, but they lost. I think the basis of the basis of the basis of the basis of the basis of the basis of the basis of the basis of the basis of the basis of the basis was a huge contribution. And from this nearly 1.5 lakh crores I speak again. It's not less than 1.5 lakh crore rupees. For almost a year and a half, this much of ration had been in the wrong hands, and no one was going to stop it. We did this huge leakage of the system. We did the work of stopping it. We did it as a basis. Do you know how many people have been harmed? How many people must have been stopped filling their pockets? How many people must have been hiding in their hearts? But we did all this because nation first. If these people had gone, then the GST would never be able to apply. Even the GST was considered to be a very political risk. The country in which it was applied, the government had fallen there. This election did not stop us. Instead, we applied it in India without the concern of the political club. Today, because of the GST, an honest business culture is being strengthened in the country. And the price is also going down. Today, things are connected to the people. This may not be seen in the media. I don't know what their problem is. Today, things are connected to the people. 99% – I am saying this with great responsibility – 99% of things seem to be half-taxed compared to before the GST. It seems half-taxed compared to before the GST. There was a time when the refrigerator, mixer, juicer, vacuum cleaner, geyser, mobile phone, washing machine, and watches would be more than 31% taxed. Today, these things are taxed up to 10-12%. Only 10-12%. Before the GST, wheat, rice, curd, wheat flour were also taxed. Today, after the GST, tax is free. Friends, I would like to give you an example. In the lives of tens of millions of people in Delhi, there was a huge uncertainty. In a way, India was destroyed since then. Along with the independence of India, their problems also increased. People used their hard-earned money to buy a house here. But that house could not be completely demolished. The problem was completely solved. Our government decided to demolish it. And now, let me tell you about Delhi alone. More than 50 lakhs of people in Delhi have the faith in their home and better life. In the same way, the real estate sector of our country was going on without any regulation. How many people in Delhi and NCR have taken advantage of it? People here know it very well. But this is a problem in the whole country. To change the old situation over the years, our government has decided to make many law-making decisions. Recently, the government has started to demolish 25,000 crores of real estate projects. We will definitely benefit from it. And we will get help from their homes. First, we will look at the current situation. And today, we will study our government's work. Then we will know what is the direction of the nation first. What is the policy of the nation first. And how do we benefit from it? This is what our nation first is trying to do. Friends, today, in India, the speed and scale that is being worked on is very high. In 60 months, to reach about 60 crores of Indians, to reach the speed of the state, to reach at least 8 crores of homes in 3 years, to reach 18,000 villages in less than 1000 days, to reach more than 1.5 crores of people in 5 years, to reach more than 30 crores of poor people in the banking system, to start the biggest health insurance scheme in the world, to give 50 crores to 5 lakhs of people, to help about 15 crores of farmers. This is the kind of strategy and program that you can only execute and plan when you and your entire team become nation first mantras. When you get out of the selfishness, everyone's support, everyone's development, and everyone's faith is based on policy and political policy. Brothers and sisters, this is the thought of the nation first. We have to end the problems in the future. We have decided to make it the new engine of the country's growth. This thought has left us behind in the course of development. We have learned to work with the new approach of the 112 aspirational districts of the country. This is the thought of the nation first, which has led to the re-designation of the TIKO system. The TIKO system, which saved our lives and diseases, has reached the TIKO system far and wide. The nation first has shown us the way to make the maternity leave more than 12 weeks and 26 weeks, so that mothers can get time to take care of their children. This thought has shown us a different way to make children in every school. So that children don't have to leave school at this time. Friends, this is the feeling of the nation first, which has opened up more than 30 crores of banks to connect the poor to the banking system. The country's economy has also been able to do digital lending easily. With this thought, we have given the rupee card. The beam app has been launched. You will be happy to know that more than 55 crores of rupee debit cards have been issued in the country. And the market share of this card has reached up to 30%. The rupee card is increasing more and more to become a global brand. Brothers and sisters, because of this thought of the nation, the mission of life began. In the coming times, on this mission, approximately 3.5 lakh crores of rupees will be spent so that in the distant areas of the country, people can get clean water to drink. They can get water to every house. Friends, now make life easier for the people. With the intention of increasing their income, the goal of making the country's economic situation worth 5 trillion dollars, the country has kept it. I also believe that by working with the nation first, we will get every decision. We will get the best results and the country will achieve every goal. Friends, I hope that in this meeting, with this thought, there will be a new opportunity for the new India. There will be a discussion on new opportunities. And then once again, on the day of Samidhan, I got the opportunity to meet the Republic family. Through you, the nation and the world I got the opportunity to convey my message to your viewers. For this, I am grateful to you. And I thank you all very much. You gave me the opportunity to talk here. For this, I am very grateful to you. Thank you very much.


Hey everybody, Steve McCartney here. What do I have here?  We have navigation automatic headlight blue tooth Lots room back here. This seat does drop down. It's simple. You want the seat down? Got the trailer tow ready to go as well Back up camera again on these here at Mountain View Dodge We add the wheel locks because this spare does go missing so When you're ready for your Jeep, you know, you're gonna call Steve at Mountain View Dodge. Have a great day


You're tuned in to the COVID-19 community report here on KDRT 95.7 FM in Davis, California. I'm your host, Autumn Labé Renaud, and today is Friday, May 1st. Happy May Day. We're sharing local news and resources, focusing on what's impacting Davis and nearby cities in Yolo County during the COVID-19 pandemic. The show airs live at noon on Tuesdays and Fridays and repeats at 5 p.m. both days and at noon. On Sundays, and you can also listen online at kdrt.org. In just a few minutes, Congressman John Garamendi will join us again with updates from Washington. Before that, I have some regional resources to share. So doing a little recap, Earth Day has been celebrated with large public gatherings worldwide for 50 years, and last week on Earth Day, KDRT worked with Davis Climate Strike and a coalition of climate activists from Davis, Yolo, Solano, and Sacramento counties to put together a special Earth Day Sing Out. Project partner, the Davis Independent Music Initiative, is using the hashtag Earth Day Sing Out through May 9th to support local musicians who've lost work during the pandemic. And you can learn more about that at climatestrikedavis.com. You can also find there a link to the Earth Day Sing Out, and sorry, the link is at kdrt.org, and the lyrics to all these songs and links to these recordings made by local musicians in honor of Earth Day are on the climatestrikedavis.com website, along with ideas for taking action to protect our climate for future generations. Yolo County has updated its Shelter in Place order, which was set to expire today. The order has been extended through May 31st, which keeps the county approach to sheltering in place consistent with the state's order. The government health orders are intended to continue to slow the spread of COVID-19, and we are all still required to stay at home except for necessary life tasks or essential jobs and to protect ourselves with the washing of hands and the wearing of masks. The county can allow certain activities to resume if they are also either allowable under the state order or not expressly prohibited by it. Yolo County has assessed the following new activities as low risk for the spread of COVID-19. All construction and drive-in religious services, both of which resume May 4th. These new permitted activities joined those announced last week, which included reopening access to golf courses, fishing areas and boat ramps, gun and archery ranges and hunting areas. Those apply to all of these, mostly of the social distancing variety, and if, like me, you didn't know that drive-through religious services were a thing, you're not alone. There was an awful lot of buzz on social media about that yesterday. The county also reminds us that face coverings are now required while conducting all types of business in Yolo County. Don Shore at Redwood Bar next door was telling me that they had a disgruntled customer who labeled it fascist and Don simply replied with, it's the law and we can be shut down if we don't follow it. County reps add that while there are no plans for the public to be cited for not wearing a mask, businesses can and will turn away people not wearing one. And as I said, enforcement is planned for the businesses who aren't complying. So please be courteous, be smart. Please do not call 911 if you think someone is violating the order. All right. We are getting ready for our call. All right. He represents the third congressional district in California, which encompasses most of Calusa, Sutter and Yuba counties, plus most of Glen, Lake, Solano and Yolo counties and a portion of Sacramento County. It's my pleasure today to welcome back Congressman John Garamendi. Hello there. Delighted to be with the conversation and a lot of things we need to talk about there's a world of hurt, individuals, families, and how we deal with it. Very, yes. First ever lifetime worldwide pandemic. Yeah, I have a lot of questions for you today. First, do you have a virtual town hall here on May 5th? Are you here in the district or are you in DC at the moment? Like all of us, I am at home. You're at home, okay. So we last spoke with you on April 3rd, which was pretty early in the situation. And at one point, or at that point, there had been one stimulus package. And now there have been four, I believe, all bipartisan. So let's walk us through what you've been dealing with there and how the different stimulus packages have come together. Well, the very first one we passed was about an $8 billion program. I mean, it was to get the health system started and to fund health system programs. And that one dealt with significant couple billion dollars for vaccines. Mm-hm. And providers and the like. Turns out that it was like a small wreck in a huge, huge pool of water. Right. The next bill was focused on what we call Families First. And it was basically designed to provide specific benefits to individuals, people who were sick, paid sick, paid family, unemployment insurance, things of that sort. The third bill is what most people talk about now. And that went to a trillion dollars. And that one was the paycheck protection program. Most everybody focuses on that. My personal opinion of it was that there were some serious mistakes in that legislation. It became a golden vault for major corporations to really rip off the public. It was intended for small businesses. The President and the White House refused to put in the kind of guardrails. These were specific requirements that the money go to those who really needed it. Instead, it was left wide open to the discretion of the Treasury Department. And I think most of us are now aware of major league teams whose owners are billionaires. Right. Getting money, big chains, on and on. All that became part of what was, in my view, a fraud and a rip-off. Unfortunately, or fortunately, we wrote into the bill an oversight mechanism, which the President in his signing document for the bill said, we are going to ignore the oversight requirements of this bill. And here we go. So that money was gone within days, probably less than a week. All of that, I think, $500 to $600 billion was simply gone. And small businesses were basically left out. We then had the third bill, the fourth bill, which was we call CARES 2.0, or 2.5, rather. And this was an effort that has become law to fund small businesses. That is now in place. That actually became law just a few days ago. By most estimates, that money is either soaked up or will be soaked up within a matter of another day or two. That brings us to CARES 3.0, which is now in process. And it will be specifically directed to small businesses and for state and local governments. It is absolutely clear that the many states and local governments, cities, counties, and special districts will be out of money, will be laying off police and fire another public safety and critical personnel to head, because they just won't have the money. I hope to get that done in the next two weeks. We'll see what happens. There is no agreement with the White House on this. Mitch McConnell famously said, let him go bankrupt. He's now backed away from that, probably because Kentucky is one of the states that's headed for bankruptcy. So we'll see what happens on that. Here's a big issue. That's just a quick review of it. There's a great deal of detail that goes in with each one of those pieces of legislation. Right. I'm so glad you brought up that last one, because in talking with local elected officials here, the kinds of structural deficits that cities and counties will be facing, as you said, are immense, because they're dealing with the lack of sales tax, the lack of visitors, the lack of tourism info, all of that. It paints a pretty bleak picture. So thank you for working to address that. At this point, with all the stimulus packages, we're talking about trillions of dollars. And it can't go on forever, right? So I wonder how this chapter will conclude and how we continue to provide this. Really, these are life-saving help, types of help, how we continue to provide that without running out of money and how we move forward from that. Well, actually, we know how to do it. And unfortunately, it has not been done to this day. Way back in Wuhan, infections became known in early January. It was absolutely clear to the intelligence community, to the infectious disease community, that this would become a worldwide problem. At the extent of it was not known at that time. But the alarm bells were ringing in early January. And the Trump administration simply ignored those alarm bells. And by the end of January, as the Americans were evacuated from Wuhan and arrived at Travis Air Force Base, like 20 miles from Davis, I was screaming to anybody that would pay attention. And unfortunately, that was not the federal government, that we absolutely had to have testing. At that time, testing was underway in a very significant way in Korea. And they had immediate testing available in Korea. And I said, for God's sakes, why don't we arrange to purchase from Korea their testing program? Put it on an airplane, we could have it here within two days and we could test these people at Travis. Which at that time, they had not been tested. And we have been at this ever since. To this day, there is no overarching federal program for testing. Yeah, it's a complete failure. At conversations I've had with the administration from FEMA to Health and Human Services and beyond, they have simply said, they supply and demand market system will work to provide the necessary testing. I could use some really rough language to describe it. And of course, it's not just the testing, it's the tracing from the point of contact. If you look at what Korea has done, they've done that very well. And Congressman, I know you introduced some legislation last week to mobilize America's service organizations to help with that effort. Could you talk about that, Bill? Well, we call this the Unite Bill. It has a nice acronym, but basically it is an effort for the federal government to use existing federal organizations that reach across the nation. AmeriCorps will start with the Corporation for National Service. And under that is AmeriCorps and Teach for America. FEMA has a core of people, volunteers that work with FEMA. I think we've seen them in the recent fires here in California where they reach out to provide services. So there's already a structure within the federal government. And many state governments have a similar program. We call it very well in California, the California Conservation Corps, the Urban Conservation Corps, and there are other programs. The governor has set up a health corps of retired and healthcare workers. Los Angeles has set up a tracing corps. And these exist in other states, but they don't have the money. The states are going to go bankrupt. These programs are not going to be expanded. So basically the Unite program is designed to fund existing programs at the state and federal level and ramp up to two or three, four hundred thousand people across the nation that can do testing and tracing. Without that, we're not going to solve the problem. We're not going to be able to get the economy back in full operation. It drives me crazy that the Trump administration, through this day, refuses to take the bull by the horns and get this done. But it can't be. Anyway, the bill is out there. We hope to put it in the next CARES Act as one of the elements and provide the funding. Probably in the range of a few billion dollars to fund these programs. Right. I saw that it was introduced in the Senate by Senators Ed Markey and Chris Van Hollen, too. So we'll hope that that proceeds so that we can get moving. We are woefully behind on testing and contact tracing and it's really going to boomerang back on us. I fear as some of the city, some of the states start to reopen this next week. Well, it's guaranteed. Yeah, I've seen it. If you don't have this mechanism in place, but you've not gotten rid of the infection, the viruses still there. And so you've got to cast and trace. And let's be real, how many of us are going to go to a restaurant and sit down in a restaurant in Davis? Unless we have some pretty high assurance that the people at the next table are not infected. Exactly. Or the waiters, which is not going to do it. So this pandemic is doing a great job of illustrating just how many frailties there are in our system. Do we lose you? Are you still there? I'm here. Okay, good. I heard some distortion and then it ended. And I was afraid we'd lost you. One of the things we touched on just briefly at the end of our last conversation was the issues with broadband in this country and the issues with everyone being on Zoom, everyone having now to do school on remote platforms. And so I think the situation is doing a bang of job of illustrating how poorly situated we are in that direction too. Well, you're absolutely right. And I think maybe you actually use, are you still there as a segue to this question? Actually, I am at the end of my tether. And if I move this phone two feet in either direction, I am likely to lose my connection. Well, don't move. I'm not moving the phone. So if it is a very real problem, we just got off a call with the agricultural community in California. And you talk about ground zero for the lack of communication. You see it in the rural areas. You see it in agriculture. Modern agriculture could be far more efficient, far more water efficient pesticide, herbicides, everything else. If they had better access to broadband systems that are available or are not available, but could be utilized, and you're absolutely correct about the education system, you might add to that telemedicine. And the bottom line of this is in the next, in the last CARES bill, and actually in the first and second bills, there was money for telemedicine. Not so much for the infrastructure, but for the training and utilization of telemedicine. In the CARES Act, the first CARES Act, there was significant money for broadband. The next one will clearly have even more money for broadband. And if and when we ever get to a broad infrastructure bill, one of the elements of it will absolutely be broadband across both urban and rural. You can go into urban Sacramento and you find areas that do not have broadband services. And even more so, you'll find families, students, and others who do not have the iPad or the laptop to connect even if there was service available. So these are things we absolutely have to deal with. I've been around long enough to remember Al Gore, the Internet Highway. Yeah. Here we are, and that was 20 years ago. Right, it was. And here in Yolo County is a perfect example. We have larger communities like West Sacramento and Davis and Woodland that, you know, they have their own issues, but we do have access here. But we are surrounded by ag land and farming communities in what is geographically a very large county and has incredibly poor broadband penetration. So I'm really glad to hear you're talking to the farmers and the ag workers about this issue because it's sorely needed. Needed is. So you have a town hall forum coming up on May 5th. Let me give you a few minutes to talk about what that's going to cover and how people can tie into that. Well, for my work, we've always used town halls as a way of communicating. And they've been very, very well received. This one is going to be for small businesses. Okay. We'll be folding the agricultural community into it, which has both small and large, but mostly in our areas, relatively small businesses. And the processors, the food processors, of which is a huge part of the agricultural and small business community. So we're going to focus on that. We'll be talking about everything from unemployment insurance, how to access that, and how to access the existing CARES 2.0 and 2.5. And we will have representatives from the small business community as well as from the support, business support communities that will be there. We'll have a representative from the governor's office to talk about the work that they're doing to reopen the economy and the steps that are necessary, or the steps along the way, and the support that's necessary to meet those steps, which takes us back to testing, hand tracing, all of those things. So we'll be talking about reopening, we'll be talking about the unemployment insurance, we'll be talking about the support programs, we'll call it the broad PPP program and the LN program, the emergency loan programs. Okay, and that looks like that's on Tuesday, May 5th at 3 p.m. And I'm going to go ahead and give the call-in number for that. If you want to participate, you can call into<PHONE_NUMBER> at the time of the event. You can also stream it online at Facebook or at garamendi.house.gov. Again, May 5th. Hey, thank you for all of that. I was desperately searching for those numbers. I've got you covered. Thank you. Okay, well, I really want to thank you again for taking the time to be accessible to your constituents here and for, you know, just fighting the good fight in Washington for us. And I would love to hear how the bill to employ the service corps pans out. We'd love to hear more about that. So I hope to talk with you again in the future. I have a few additional thoughts on that. I was contacted this morning by one of our Republican colleagues on the Transportation Infrastructure Committee. Senate email to me is that we love your bill, the Unite bill. We want to run one that is similar, a little bit different, but similar. And I said go for it as long as I can be a co-author. There's no perfect idea here, but the whole notion is to really fund the mobilization of organizations existing and some that would be created at federal, state, local level so that the testing and tracing can get underway. It is bipartisan now and bicameral, and hopefully we can get it done. Everybody talks about it.  I said, fine. So here are some ways we could do it and put some money behind it and get it done. We don't have to create something new. We just have to fund it and authorize the expansion. So we'll see. It's got to be done. All right. Well, we look forward to hearing more. And thanks again for making the time to call in today. Please stay well. Stay at home. Stay at home. Thank you so very much. And thank you for the program and helping all of us understand what's going on. You bet. Thanks for participating. Take care. Bye-bye. That's been Congressman John Garamendi. And I forgot to mention to him I drove by the area where he lives, which is in Portland out in the California Delta recently and kind of waved in his general direction. He is, as he said, as with all members of Congress, they are at home and managing to try to help run the country from their remote perspectives. I'm going to take just a minute and give you a little bit of music and I'll come back and wrap up. All right. I want to talk a little bit about my upcoming guest. I'll be back next Tuesday with Davis Mayor Brett Lee and Jessica Hubbard of the Yolo Community Foundation. They have both been on the show and they're both coming back to give, as Congressman Garamendi just did, give some important updates from what's been happening in their respective areas. There's always a lot happening in city government and Brett will talk to us about that. And Jessica will be updating us on the Yolo County, the relief fund for nonprofits, that the Yolo Community Foundation and the Yolo County Board of Supervisors and others are partnering on. So we look forward to hearing from them. And then next Friday we'll have Senator Bill Dodd in the house by phone, of course, and I look forward to talking with him about broadband too. Got to get it from his perspective. All right. Finally for today, submissions are starting to roll in for life in the time of COVID, the Yolo County Community Diary Project, which, well, it's my personal brainchild and it's something that Davis Media Access is rolling out. It's an interactive community storytelling project designed to highlight what we're all experiencing right now. Short videos can be uploaded to davismedia.org slash diary. And you'll find instructions there. I do want to say we're finding, it takes, it takes a few minutes to get it uploaded. So, so be patient. But please come lend us your voice and your images and help us tell the story of this time that we're all weathering. I am going to fade out here from for the day from the KDRT studio. I'm Autumn LaBea Renault. Thank you so much for tuning in. This has been the COVID-19 Community Report Episode 14.


Welcome to JSA TV, the newsroom for tech and telecom professionals. I'm Jamie Scott Okutaya here at Telecom Exchange NYC Fabulous Hotel, W. Hoboken. Joining me here today, my good friend, Mr. Todd Coleman, the CEO and president of eStructure. Todd, welcome back to JSA TV. Jamie, thanks as always for having me. We love having you. You're such a thought leader in our industry. And today is another wonderful day where we're having you join us on a panel discussing the best practices for partnerships in next generation network infrastructure. Can you give us a little preview of what we may hear from you? Yeah, well for us, fundamentally, it's next generation partnerships are interesting in terms of the infrastructure and there's new technology coming out. So how you work with those various partners on bringing that technology in is important and we're doing that and there's lots of hype around 5G and other new technologies coming out where those partnerships are critical. For us, it's kind of more fundamental and that is how do you reach out as an organization and build those relationships? Because at the end of the day, we like to think of ourselves as infrastructure providers but more fundamentally, people do business with people that they know and they trust. And so for us, it's about building those relationships that go across multiple organizations. It's about being at events like this where we're meeting other people that we might not necessarily meet in our everyday lives and figuring out how we can come together to either support one another, share information, fundamentally build up additional or new customer channels, etc.  That goes down to the technician on the front lines, reading the customer representative as they come through the door of our data center, working with them on whether it's working with their equipment, new installations, figuring out what they have going on in their business, how our business can potentially work with them. And beyond that, it's not just limited to how do we gain more revenue or more market traction with that customer but how do we work together to go run at different opportunities or challenges that might not have anything to do with our revenue stream? Great. How can we be better together? Correct. And for sure there is such a trend of hyperscalers and other types of enterprise network operators who are moving north to Canada and finding homes at the eStruxure Data Center. So you clearly know what you're doing there. A good person to be on that panel for sure. Similarly, we should say congratulations because you have been shortlisted for the Data Cloud Excellence in Regional Data Centers in the Americas Award, which we're really excited about. Thank you very much. Yeah, well deserved. We all know Canada, of course, shirking in terms of data center market share. What are your thoughts on this trend and how are you serving your customers, not only the regions you have visible data centers but globally? Yeah, so one of the reasons why we planted and headquartered eStruxure in Canada and fundamentally have said, look, we're a Canadian, Pan-Canadian company and we're going after the Canadian business. It doesn't mean we won't take geographic left turns or right turns into other regions. But we're primarily focused on Canada because it has been underserved and we believed a couple of years ago when we started eStruxure and even before that the Canada was underserved but it was going to be a growing population and Canada being at the forefront of data sovereignty and requiring data be north of the border and obviously geopolitical environment in the US and other areas has helped with that. So we're seeing the demand curve, albeit as a total percentage of the data center demand, Canada is still relatively small but in terms of its growth rate it's been fairly significant particularly on the eastern side of Canada, namely Montreal. We're working with customers today. We have customers from 32 different countries in our customer base. So 800-ish customers, 32 different countries and so we are as global as we can be while still being headquartered and operational in Canada and so we spent a lot of time thinking about those customers, the segmentation how do we attract those new customers into our facility and tell our Pan-Canadian story and so we do that several ways. Obviously building customer relationships, direct customer relationships is important. You talked about the hyperscalers but the reality of it is there's only so many hyperscalers. I can only go meet with one, two, three, four, fifth largest cloud provider in the world as much as I'd love to meet with them every single day and tell our story. That's just not reality and so we got a whole breadth of customers that we need to go after, target, pitch, tell our story and tell them the benefits of coming into Canada from a data center perspective and so for us that's building up the direct sales channel which we're doing fairly actively this year, top priority. In terms of the indirect, you and I have talked about this before. We have a channel partners program. We've been talking about it for six months and so we finally launched that channel partners program. The reality of it is we soft launched it for the last 12 or 18 months trying to make sure that it was ready for prime time. Channel partner program is highly dependent on scale, responsiveness, how quick and easy can you make it for the channel partner whether they're a referral partner or a reseller to do business with you. How do you handle channel conflict and for us it's tantamount to who we are which is transparency. You know, we may not always agree but we're open to the dialogue and so we want to make sure that we have all those rules and guidelines in place so there's no surprises. So we're excited to launch that channel partners program. We got training rolling out. We got collateral ready and frankly we've already been onboarding new partners so we're really excited about what the opportunity brings with respect to that. Sounds like, I don't know, you guys are revving up for something big. Can you tell us? I mean, we're talking explosive. Tell us. Tell us what you really, yeah, tell us what you're really doing, Todd. Before I come here. But so we do have a lot going on and so the build up to that is we have been very act, I mean we got a couple things that I'll tell you about and there's a couple things that I'll save for next time maybe.  Someone that eats, sleeps, breathes, sails, marketing, customers, how our product set goes to market, how we bring those customers in, how we take care of them from a customer touch perspective and so I've never been, you know, I'm, as you know, I'm really excited about the team that we've built. I'm honored that they're here and they're building this business along with me and I'm equally honored to let you know that we've hired a chief commercial officer, Jamie Leverton is joining our company. She is a fantastic thought leader in the industry. She's Canadian born and raised and she's someone that I've watched from afar for a long, long time and I've spent a lot of time along with the rest of the team and our board in making sure that we hire the right person and I like to joke around, you know, there's trends and fads going on and there's movements and those are all, you know, really, really important but for us it's always about hiring the best and we have gone out of our way to hire the best whether it's our CFO or our head of legal or head of product or head of ops and now our head of commercial so Jamie is coming on board and we're so excited to have her. She has such a proven track record particularly in Canada and I mean we've known about her and have had her on our own panels and JSA TV for several years now. She's just, she's a force to be reckoned with. She is a force, so. I'm going to have to... There's a tornado coming to East Ruxor, it's Jamie Leverton. Who do I interview first? Todd or Jamie? We're going to have to... Good. Yeah, great. Great come to have. Beyond that, you know, you're lead in. We have other things going on so we're in the, you know, we've just finalized a new debt facility and so we had a, we just increased our debt facility to $170 million thanks to our financial partners who have believed in our business since the beginning and so we're not about to let them down but reality of that is it's financial drive powder to go on and do bigger and better things and stay tuned. So now they've got even more cash to go rule the world and starting with candidates. We're taking one province at a time. Todd, always exciting to check in with you and see what you have on the agenda. Thank you so much for joining us. Thank you so much for having me. And thank you viewers for tuning in to JSA TV. Happy networking.