All right, so Rachel, thank you so much for spending some time with me and telling me a little bit about the iChef Lab. Well, I understand that this program added an nutrition component to the weight loss component. Yeah, we're looking at cooking as a health behavior, or as people cook more in their own kitchens, how that gives them food empowerment, and how that can help make good food decisions on their parts, which can help me to get across. Every other week I come in and I alternate between the hands-on cooking where all participants get to cook, and then other weeks, we just demos, and I observe the class to take weights for the participants, and I help clean up, and then I can sit in on the weight loss class. Do you have any sense of what the results are so far? The participants have told me that they're very happy with just the fact that they can cook for themselves now, and they feel better about what they're eating, and then that makes them feel better when they go and weigh themselves, because they're like, you know what, I did this, and it's actually really great because you can see just the empowerment. So really taking responsibility for the behavior, and you empowering them through a research project so that they can actually change their behavior in a positive way, that's very exciting. So, what would you recommend to a student who is just starting as a first year, just like you were, to get them to the place that you have found yourself already just as a second student? Well, so I would say definitely just look up for internships, because we get a lot of emails about authors, but I find that a lot of my peers were kind of thinking that, you know, that's more for the juniors and seniors, something that I feel like a lot of, you know, freshmen and sophomores should really start with me too more, and I feel like they should just line that more. That's great. Great advice. And by the way, food is medicine, right? Yeah. It's like in lots of different ways, and keeps you connected, and I love the pathway that you're going through.


Now, we are already familiar with the various ways in which concentration of a solution can be expressed, like molarity, molality, mole fraction, mass percentage, volume percentage and so on. So, in this video, we are going to solve a few questions based on these concentration terms. Okay? So, let's look at the first question which states that, a chemical solution contains 23.5% biomass phenol in water. If the density of the solution is 0.995 gram per ml, what is the molarity of the solution? So what do we need to find here? We need to find the molarity of the solution. And what is the formula for molarity? We know that molarity is nothing but number of moles of solute divided by volume of solution in litre. Okay? But do we have any information directly on the number of moles of solute or the total volume of solution here? Well, not directly, but they are definitely there in the question. You see, when we say 23.5% by mass phenol, what do we mean by that? It means we have 23.5 gram of phenol in 100 gram of solution. Now, how do we arrive at the number of moles of solute from this mass? We know that number of moles of phenol is nothing but given mass of phenol divided by the molar mass of phenol. Right?  Now from this particular formula, you can easily arrive at the molar mass which is 94 gram per mol. So now we have 23.5 grams divided by 94 gram per mol which is the molar mass of phenol and this gives us 0.25 mol. So this can be substituted in our numerator. What about our denominator? How do we arrive at the volume of the solution from mass of the solution? Simple. We have density. Now density is equal to mass by volume so volume will be mass by density. Now mass of the solution is 100 gram and density is given as 0.995 gram per mol. On solving this we get 100.5 ml which is nothing but 100.5 into 10 power minus 3 litre because we are looking at volume of the solution in litre. So that's it. We have the number of moles of solute here and we also got the volume of the solution. All we need to do is simply substitute these two values in the molarity equation. And when we do that we get 0.25 mol divided by 100.5 into 10 power minus 3 litre which is equal to 2.49 molar. Let's now look at a slightly trickier question. So here the question says what mass of solid NaOH 90 percent NaOH per mass is required to prepare 1 litre of 20 percent NaOH solution by mass and the density of the 20 percent solution is given here. Now this might sound very confusing but don't worry let's break it down into smaller chunks. Now in order to find out the mass of solid NaOH required we first need to know what is the mass of this 20 percent NaOH solution. Now mass of solution can be obtained from the details like volume and density here because mass is nothing but density into volume which is 1.18 gram per ml and what is the volume of the solution here? It is 1 litre. So if we change into ml that would be 1000 ml. So ml-ml gets cancelled and that means the mass of our entire solution is 1180 grams. Now if this is the mass of the solution then how much is the amount of solute present in it or what is the mass of NaOH in this amount of solution? Well that's pretty straightforward because what do we have here? It is said that it is a 20 percent NaOH solution which means 20 grams of solute is present in 100 grams of solution. Now what we have here the total mass of solution is 1180 grams. So 1180 grams of solution contains how much solute? Well on cross multiplying we get the final answer as 236 grams of NaOH. So that's it. Have we arrived at the final answer? But wait a minute. We don't have 100 percent purity. The solid NaOH that is given to us is only 90 percent pure. So we have to take into account the purity difference here. That means the actual mass of NaOH required would be greater than whatever is obtained here. Right? Because it's only 90 percent pure. So actual mass of NaOH would be 236 grams divided by taking into account the 90 percent purity 0.90 that is 262.2 grams. So this is the actual mass of NaOH required to prepare 1 liter of 20 percent NaOH solution by mass.


Two years ago, Prime Minister Narendra Modi whimsically decided to demonetize 86% of India's currency in circulation overnight. At that time it was claimed that this decision would curb the use of black money, that it would result in terrorists not using fake currency notes. It was also claimed that the country would move towards a cashless or a less cash. On the contrary, according to one report there has been a 480% jump in suspicious financial transactions according to government's own data. This dramatic, unprecedented and disastrous decision not only resulted in the growth of the Indian economy slowing down, it hurt some of the most vulnerable sections of the country's population. These were women and children who are dependent on women, senior citizens, farmers, daily wage laborers, small traders and shopkeepers. In every respect this decision to demonetize has been utterly disastrous, absolutely terrible for the citizens of this country. Thank you.


My prepared text today was to have been make thy name be remembered in all generations. But I think I'm going to depart from my prepared sermon. While I was listening to the sergeant's solo, I kept looking up at our service flag. I was thinking of the men in service. I see some of them here this morning. Private Roberts. Sergeant Jackson. Lieutenant Carter. And, um... Private Park, first class. First class is right. I was over at the USO the other night, and I met somebody I hadn't seen in quite a long time. The last time I saw this man, well, one of my members treated me to a ticket to Yankee Stadium to see Joe Lewis versus Max Smaley, American fist, won a victory. But it wasn't the final victory. No, that victory is going to take a little longer and a whole lot more American fist. Now those two men that were matched in the ring that night are matched again. This time in a far greater arena and for much greater stakes.  Men turned into machines, challenging the world, waiting for the fight of his life. This time it's a fight not between man and man, but between nation and nation. It's a fight for the real championship of the world to determine which way of life shall survive, their way or our way. And this time we must see to it that there is no return engagement. For the stakes this time are the greatest men have ever fought for. And what are the stakes? The American stakes, the German stakes, the Bible of the Nazis, the gospel according to Hitler. I'm not going to read all of this, but there are one or two things in this book that will interest you. I quote, What is denied to us the German fist must take. If our forefathers had made their decisions by the same pacifist nonsense as the present day does, we would possess for a third of our existing territory. Further he says, From time to time the illustrated papers show how a Negro has become a lawyer, a teacher, perhaps even a minister. It never dawns on the degenerate middle class America that this is truly a sin against all reasons, that it is criminal madness to train a born half ape until one believes one has made a lawyer of him. This book was written 20 years ago. The plan which it foreshadowed has become a reality. And the Nazis now instruct their disciples in terms such as these. We must strive by any means to conquer the world. Any methods are permissible.  Kill the Slavs, the Russians, the Poles, the Czechs. Don't stop whether you have an old man, a woman, a girl or boy killed. We want to create our great German empire. We must exterminate everybody who stands against us. The liberty of the whole earth depends on the outcome of this contest. Americans have always guarded liberty. The sea took root in Boston. In that city is the Granary Burial Ground, 1660. Within this ground are buried the victims of the Boston massacre, March 5, 1770. The first to die in the Boston Massacre was Christmas Addicts. Long as freedoms cause the wise contend, dear to our country shall your fame extend. While to the world the lettered stones shall tell were called well Addicts, Grey and Maverick fell. At Concord Bridge, Sam Cran, John Ferret, helped to fire the shopper around the world. At Bunker Hill, on June 17, 1775, gunned along to Peter Salem, a colored man who carried it at Nexington, Concord and Bunker Hill, and with its shot Major Pitcair. And on Christmas Day, 1776, when all but the bravest hearts had lost hope, Prince Whipple took his place alongside those who pushed on. In the winter of 78 at Valley Forge, George Washington wrote, Our soldiers have been a week without food. They are naked and starving. We cannot enough admire their unshakable patience and loyalty. Here Samuel Haynes, Salem poor, thousands of others, let their bleeding footprints in the snow. In this war, the people of the new world won their independence. They joined hands, and 13 colonies became the United States. Then the people of the new republic began to build. Together, they pioneered, and together they made territories into states. By 1812, a wilderness was becoming a great nation. Then came war. At Lake Erie, Tyler Thompson heard Admiral Perry's immortal words, We have met the enemy, and they are ours. When General Jackson said, By the eternal they shall not sleep on our soil, Thomas Wilson was there. America began to build ships. Then came 1861. As government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from this earth. With malice toward none, with charity for all. Then America began to rebuild. Jim fought in the Spanish-American war. At Santiago, Cuba, the 1910s cavalry, the 24th and 25th infantry, added to their long record new medals of courage and gallantry. I am Jim. After we cleaned up in Cuba, we went on with building factories, cities, everything. As for me, well, I went to Panama to help on a little job. A little job, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific. A little job. What his sons were, serving with the 813th Pioneer Regiment near Marseille, the 332nd Labor Battalion, and the 800th Pioneer Regiment near Verdun. Fighting with the 8th Illinois on the soisons front, on the plains among 171st at Bucy Farm in the Argonne, fought on the line of fire for 191 days. Not a man ever kept, not a foot of ground ever lost. The first American troops to receive the Fade Gare, the 369th. And for action above and beyond the call of duty, many received honored medals. When they cleaned up in France, the boys came marching home. As Henry Johnson, who was one companion, Needham Roberts, killed the four and captured 28 Germans, for which the French nation decorated them for exceptional bravery. And there were those among the honored at Arlington, Samuel Washington, Walter Waters, William Fox, John Sims, Young, Charles Young, Colonel, United States Army. And to their memory, sermons in stone and bronze, tributes of a grateful nation, to commemorate their heroism and sacrifice of all college soldiers who served in the various wars engaged in by the United States of America, that a lasting record shall be made of their unselfish devotion to duty. And in France at Bucy Farm, the French people erected a memorial to the 371st infantry. This stone and the ground on which it stands are dedicated to the Negro troops who fought and died here on April 21, 1918. Twenty-three years later, on June 15, 1941, an invading German army... Yes, the Nazis destroyed our monuments in France, but our monuments here stand and will always stand. The founder of Tuskegee Institute, Brooker T. Washington, 1856, 1915, he lifted the veil of ignorance from his people and pointed the way to progress through education and industry. The late George Washington Carver honored in the chemistry of agriculture and the men and women building the monuments of tomorrow. Law, elected judge of New York City courts, serving his second 10-year term. Explore the only other American with Admiral Peary when our flag was planted on the North Pole. Medicine, leading New York City surgeon, father of the blues, financier and publisher, contributing to the war-bound drive. Education, principal of a New York City public school, Schoenberg Collection of Literature, international prize-winning sculpture. Singer, educated in schools like... We're starting! Welcome to Berlin, and 51 nations are represented here today. The six fastest spinters of the world are getting ready. Oh, and America, Westmeyer, Germany, and Metcalf of America. Landcuts, Germany, Tanaka, Japan. He drops out two, far as now 2.03 meters high at 6 feet 8 inches, and Johnson of America. The key of liberty has borne these... It's a mighty tree with roots deep in the ground of America. Its fame has spread to the four corners of the earth. Men of every faith have helped to nourish it and to sow its seed in new ground. All men stand in admiration of it, except the Nazis and the Japanese militarists. The fills of the New Order. There is not a man alive who does not know the crimes of these adventurers. In Europe, in order of the German army high command, thousands of innocent men, women, and children have been shot and hanged. In Asia, the Japanese army... the savior of the colored races. On December the 7th, to bring to justice the ring in America's army in every branch of the service. Artillery, tank, quartermaster, engineer... Don't forget the infantry. Yes? My boy is in the infantry. He's up there. Third from the left in the bottom row. I got a letter from him last night. He's an officer. Robert, did he get to be an officer? Yes, he said so right here. Dear mama, at last it's happened. I'm an officer. Lieutenant Robert A. Bronson, infantry. Don't it sound good? Of course I haven't got my bars yet. But I'm on my way to officer's candidate school for four months, and if I pass the examination and graduate and get my commission, I'll be an officer. Now I can do it, mama. If I could go through those first 13 weeks the way I did, I can go through anything. That morning at the railroad depot, I didn't know which side was up, but Miserie sure loves company. When I said goodbye to you, I was laughing, but I wasn't tickled. I heard when I stopped at some place in the middle of nowhere. On behalf of the United States Army and the reception center here at this camp, we're glad to welcome you here today and into the United States Army. We're glad to see all of your happy, smiling faces. Now, fellas, during the few days that you'll be with us here at this camp, you'll be converted from a civilian into a full-fledged soldier. You'll be interviewed by someone who'll inquire into your past life before you came into the Army. Machines are the construction of guns and gun parts. That's right. What machines did you operate? I operated boring mills, tool bindings, drill presses, planes... and... Forward! Forward! Quick! Hut! Hut! Hut! Hut! Hut! Hang it up! Hang it up! Nobody! Hold! Hold! But I don't want to give you the impression that it's only for religious services and advice that you can come for the chapter. You can come to him at any time.  Or if you get in trouble with your first side and you want to know how to handle him, just come around and see the chaplain and he'll give you some advice. Or if you're financially embarrassed, why that's simple too. Just come around and see the chaplain and he'll give you some advice. The chaplain has just told you how to get along in this man's army. It's my painful duty to tell you what'll happen to you if you don't get along. Regarding this salute, man, it isn't a form of servility. It's merely a form of recognition used between members of the military service. The average man, when he first learns the salute, is awkward. It's a strange gesture to him and he feels shy. He usually sneaks his hand up in this manner and gives the broken-handed salute.  When you salute an officer, stand erect like a soldier. Bring your hand up to your forehead in a military manner. Tip of the forefinger above the center of the right eye. Now make sure your thumb is alongside your hand because if it's out here, they may misconstrue it. Then cut the hand garbage at the side. Don't let it drop down like a dead fish. Hold it! Hold on! Sit down. Put your feet in the machine. One L on a ten-and-a-half day is about now. Pick up both weights. Put the weights back. Sit down. Put your shoes on and go in the next room. Thanks. Hold it! Hold it! All right, men. Strip down completely.  Now when you're completely stripped and have everything into that bag, put on a set of summer underwear, a pair of shorts, a pair of white woolen socks. All right. Now you try on your green herring bones for TIG hat first. That's the green hat with a brim eye. Try it on. If it fits, place it into your barracks bag. Now don't mind if it's a little loose. But I made it. All of us made it. They put us through so many twists and turns we didn't know whether we were coming or going. But Uncle Sam did. We were going. He put us on the train that same afternoon for the replacement center. We kept passing troop trains going back and forth all over the country. We finally arrived at a place called Military Secret. But this much, I can tell you, it was cold. And even before we had a chance to throw out, they had us in the school of the soldier. The sergeant gave it to us straight. You sleep in that bed, you make it. You wear them clothes, you wash them. You walk on that floor, you clean it. There's no service here. You understand that? And I bet right now, Mama, I can make a bed better than you can. But before I had a chance to get the bed warm, there I was. In the beginning, the new hands were all feet. Right? Hey! Oh, wait! K.P. Biverg's tent pitching, general orders, the tougher the day, the shorter the night. But you get used to it, and if you can't take it, they got doctors, some of the best in the country, specialists in every field. And in our dental clinic, we have a wedge. But even so, this is one kind of drilling no soldier likes. But after all the making beds and feeling potatoes and drilling and marching, they give you a rifle and teach you to shoot it. In no time at all, I could hit the broad side of a barn. It was fun. It's not all worth it. There's football, baseball, and oh yes, ping pong. If you want to read, there's a library. Can you imagine me listening to poetry? But it came in good. The very next day, I got a chance to use it. We were sent on a detail to a nearby camp. I saw some soldiering that was beautiful to behold. But anyway, I'll tell Uncle Everett to quit joking about the wax, because these girls have forgotten more about jeeps and trucks than he'll ever know. Copper or no copper. And the next day, at night, a real apple pie girl. Just the right size and everything. Just the time you like. But in the army, man proposes and G.I. disposes. And the next morning, I was out there like the rest of them. Getting tough. In this man's army, they want you to be tough. But tough. And I mean tough. And tough in the army means a good fighter who can stand up against a strong enemy and beat him to the draw. And after a hard week, a soldier welcomes a Sunday. This morning, I have a G.I. report. I think you'll all be interested in. This is an official statement from the War Department. In the present world war, there are more than five times as many men with high school education in our armed forces than were in World War I. This has meant an increase in officer candidates. Official figures tell us in the present war, there are three times as many colored officers as in World War I. From a score of different schools, many have earned their commissions at that place alongside those who come from any one of the hundreds of ROTC schools and the greatest of all military institutions, West Point. The next time you see me, I'll be wearing an officer's uniform ready to get in there and get this war over with. That's a promise. Your loving son, Robert. Thank you, Mrs. Bronson. That's a promise millions of Americans have made. Thousands have put it into action. In every camp, men are getting their final work out. At Tuskegee, more pilots are earning their wings. Short while, these young officers will be full-fledged combat flyers. Taking their place at the controls of our fighter planes when they fly. Tomorrow, what a surprise the Nazis will get from black, brown, yellow and white men all Americans land on the airfields of Berlin and Tokyo. In the far north, seasoned soldiers are toughening themselves. For they know that in a fight against all that is evil, truth must be ready. Ready to strike hard and often. Whether or temperature, any weather can be good weather. Any temperature can be right. When men know the meaning of their job and are determined to get it done, come what may. Entertainers, carpenters, bellboys, schoolteachers, farmers are today soldiers in a modern army. Tankmen, gunners, radio operators and motor mechanics. Every man has the meaning of teamwork. Every man qualifies to replace any of his teammates at any time. Every man ready to do his share. Fighting builders, ready to build bridges, highways, railroads, ports and landing fields. The quarter master who moves truth and supply who provides food, fuel and clothing. The man who supplied transportation, telegraph, telephone and radio. The cavalryman ready to patrol, scout, harass. Hits in decisive action and meshesmiths out of the skies. Feet hangs over the Axis partners as the allies liberate town after town. But the job isn't finished. This is only the beginning. To win the final victory over Germany our blows must be dealt harder and faster and with all our strength there can be no let up in the floor of supplies. More and more food equipment and ammunition must reach our troops in the battle area. Our troops must build them through the swamps of the south Pacific, the snows of the far north across the rivers of Europe. Build them in record time to Berlin and Tokyo. Even unto death the land of their burden. Soldiers who believed in this great country. To the enemy our country is something to destroy. Our homes our right to worship God our little belongings something to crush. We thank you for this land which our fathers have helped to build. Grant that we may with your help be worthy of this heritage and in our turn enrich it for our children. So that government of the people by the people for the people shall not perish from this earth.


I couldn't have found this recipe at a better time because it's easy, delicious, and perfect for spring. Start with cherry tomatoes, Kalamata olives, some garlic cloves, a little salt, basil, and olive oil roasting for 15 minutes at 400. Pat dry your fish, season with salt, pepper, grated garlic, a little basil parsley, and cook for another 15 or until done.


Rwy'n ddysgolion fel gweithio oherwydd gweld masrach yr unrhyw gwaith. Mae'r newid yn gwneud hynny. Mae'n mynd i'n meddwl oherwydd i ddweud mewn hwn. Felly mae yna'r meddwl yw'r eistedd y byddai yn dychydigol am eich bod hynny eu bod ar y cyfdweithio? Oherwydd ychydigwch, rwy'n meddwl, mae'n ddweud i ddaeth yn ei hun o gwmpasor'r cardfyn yn de�, a'r hyn yn gwneud 10. Roeddwn yma yn Cykleid retain. Yn rhaid i risw i'w llungeidwg ysglwyd. Ond yma, mae'r ffordd gyfedeithiaeth. Fe wnaeth ffordd gyfedeithiaeth yn ymellodau. Ac mae gennym. Cyfed录. Rwy'n teimlad hynny, rwy'n etymlu. Caleai'r etymlu. Ac rwy'n etymlu, rydaw. Es i'w gwybodaeth ar y swydd. Rwy'n etymlu'r etymlu i fewudol i'w gweithio. Rwy'n etymlu'r etymlu. Ac na lluneg, Marien? Y'r etymlu yn ddwych dan. Rwy'n etymlu i fewudol i'w garbwys. Hy weigh I am i. Hy fyddwch yw hanff Zombies, ar gyfwysio cyffwys, ac mae Gwybod amgylchedd a Rhywbeth i'r Ysbyt. Felly, y cartel chi I wedi Pyrysau, rhaid am yr llynll yn gwir. Rhaid am gweithio Bryll. Rhyw gweithio Gweithiau yn ymgylchedd yma, rhaid am Lyf. Rhaid am Llyfr Gweithydd. Rhaid am gweithio. Rhaid am gweithio. Rhaid am gwasanaeth am yr llynll? Rhaid am gweithio. Rhaid am gweithio am gweithio ar gweithwys. I had my mum's, my mum's, my grandad's brother was shot dead 1916, 15 years old in the East Rock Rising. My family are all from Ireland. I'm in England. I'm born in England. I didn't have an Irish dad, an English dad. I've never been to Ireland until this wedding. I've never been there. I don't feel a connection there that some people, my mate here does. In fact, I'll tell you a funny story. He's Sean Sayer. He is Celtic Mad. I had his dad's style on me. I had his dad's style on me like four or five months ago. I had his dad's style on me about you. I'm like, what? I said, and then even, I remember in Llew, and everyone goes out for St Patrick's Day. Everyone goes out for Paddy's Day. I've never felt Irish. I remember going out in England top. But I still know all the Irish and I love them.   We're going to come down to Wembley and I'm messaging them on Twitter as banter. We're going to get a firma lad's together and we're going to come smash your potato picking heads in. It's me and him having humour. Front page of Irish Post.  The rivalry between Celtic Rangers is so strong. But we don't have that in Llewton because Llewton is a complete Catholic town. Because obviously somebody did get injured on this underland and it could have been prevented. So basically, they made this video.  If you love Palestine that much, go there. My thing that wound me up is I just saw such hypocrisy and then I heard songs about Lee Rigby and then I saw such hatred of British people and I've never experienced that because all the Celtic fans I know in Llewton are not like that. All the Celtic fans I've known don't publicly show any hate. I've never seen it like that. And all of a sudden I'm seeing this genuine hate of British Armed Forces, the refusal to wear the poppy, and it was all a learning curve to me. So I'm witnessing all of this. So I made a video saying about Palestine and then I turned up to do a book launch. That's what I was doing. I didn't even know Celtic playing at the time when I booked it. And then one of the lads gave me a ranger shirt and I put the ranger shirt on and that is what bought the Celtic youth down. And do you know what? If I was an 18-year-old Celtic fan and I go to football, I'd have gone down and had a pop with me. So I didn't blame the kids for turning up. They turned up to families and we had kids there.  I should never have involved myself in that argument. And do you know why it upset me?  Like even like this potato pick over. I come back to yours afterwards, didn't I? And he said I was Celtic shorts on. I said, we're all laughing. But we're not laughing about it. So obviously in Scotland they've made a big thing of that up there. I know. Massive. I know. Massive. And do you know what? Do you know what? I don't hate people for supporting a football club. I do hate that section of that support. Celebrate the iron rakes that support. It's both sides, it's both sides. It's the hatred that's sore. My battle is with the real problem in where we're at now. And you know to solve that problem, Catholics and Protestants would have to unite. Still Christians are going to have to solve it because the same problems here are now in Ireland. So even on that sense, yeah.


How did you get the old son to go over the run again? Well, he didn't go on it didn't come to the next day. He waited 24 hours. I know everybody was worried about with the head He got on there, and I lost my ratings You had a lot of sympathy I wouldn't need a lot.  I just talked about that. He's the best one Can't beat him when he coming back up that weekend. I won't talk to you


If you search for heavy metal in the National Library of Medicine database, most of what you find is on heavy metal contamination in fish, for example, making it so hard to clearly establish the role of fish in a healthy diet, perhaps helping to explain the quintupling of odds of autoimmune diseases like juvenile arthritis, for instance. But searching the hazards of heavy metal also pops up entries like this on the risks from heavy metal music. Here they were talking about traumatic injuries from slamming around, but you're more likely to get injured at an alternative rock concert. It's the Goo Goo Dolls you've got to worry about, not 9-inch nails. Okay, sure, music-induced hearing loss is a serious problem, but that can be from any loud music. It's interesting, clinical recommendations include the 80 to 90 rule. No more than 80% of the maximum volume on personal listening devices for no more than 90 minutes a day. But that's not what the science shows. Do not exceed 60% of the maximum volume, maybe more evidence-based, but they figure teens would just ignore that so they came up with a more acceptable advice. I assumed I'd see a lot of satanic, panic nonsense from the 80s, where parents bereaved by suicide started suing heavy metal musicians. What kind of evidence did the parents present? There's been little scholarly research until this study that proceeded to try to correlate the number of statewide heavy metal magazine subscriptions to youth suicide rates. Oh, you gotta be kidding. It got really crazy, though, when researchers called psychiatric institutions pretending to be parents worried because their son started listening to that heavy metal music even though they made it clear that their son didn't exhibit any symptoms of mental illness, no drugs, no alcohol, and was doing fine at school. 10 of the 12 facilities believed the son required psychiatric hospitalization. Imagine what that would do to a kid. Turns out, if you actually come back a few decades later, metalheads were significantly happier in their youth and appeared better psychologically adjusted than their peers. Some studies were just strange, do Parkinson's patients walk better listening to Yellow Submarine or Master of Puppets? Other studies were just like, duh, heavy metal musicians exhibit a higher heart rate than those performing contemporary Christian. Much of a shocker. Some studies were kind of cute, the influence of music on promoting patient safety during surgery. Veterinary patients, kitties getting spayed with little earphones on their head. Turns out that Adagio for strings may be more relaxing than ACDC. Our review on music therapy for human patients warned that caution should be exercised when guiding patients in selecting their music as chaotic music, such as hip-hop and metal, is not healing to human cells, with three citations no less, though two of them don't say anything, and the third is a nursing newsletter merely quoting someone's opinion. But I did some digging, and it turns out stomach cancer cells like metal. If you play them cannibal corpse versus Beethoven, 12 hours of death metal increased their growth in a Petri dish. That's so metal. But who puts headphones on their stomach or their chests for that matter?  In another study, only Beethoven's fifth seemed to work in Mozart flopped when the Petri dishes were surrounded by speakers and little platform. How did they even get this stuff published? Anyway, the true danger from heavy metal is headbanging. Headbanging is a contemporary dance form consisting of abrupt flexion extension movements of the head commonly seen in heavy metal. The number of avid aficionados is unknown, but some fans might be endangered by indulging excessively. Although generally considered harmless, health complications attributed to this practice include ripping your crotted artery, rupturing your lung, whiplash injury, and neck fracture, or in this case a subdermal hematoma. This guy reported headbanging at a motorhead concert, and all that brisk forward and backward acceleration might have ruptured his bridging veins and caused him to bleed into a skull.  And if the veins tear, blood can build up under your skull and compress your brain. This bridging vein rupture has been demonstrated on headbanging cadavers. Again, a very metal study. It's been likened to a kind of chic and baby syndrome in adults. The researchers conclude that their case serves as evidence in support of motorhead's rock and roll reputation, but I think the real takeaway is that a potentially dangerous complication like that can result from a seemingly benign activity. And some of the brain bleeds can be massive. Hmm, why did he have a headache after headbanging at a party? Here's the CT scan.  It's amazing he survived, though this poor guy didn't. See, you can tear more than just veins. There are two sets of arteries that tunnel into the skull, the carotid arteries in the front, and the vertebral arteries in the back. And you can tear both sets. A 15-year-old indulged in headbanging, ripping his carotid artery, which led to a massive stroke, and he presented half paralyzed and unable to speak, and died at a coma within a week. What about the vertebral arteries in the back? They're wedged into your skull, rendering them susceptible to shearing forces from extremes of neck motion, and that's exactly what appeared to happen. A heavy metal drummer tearing the wall of the artery. Now obviously all this is really rare, probably afflicting less than one in a thousand or so. What can metalheads do to reduce their risk? To prevent injury due to such headbanging, the range of head and neck motion should be reduced. Slower tempo music should replace metal, good luck with that. The frequency of headbanging could be only on every second beat, that's actually not a bad idea, or personal protective equipment should be used. What, like a neck brace? Little formal injury research has been conducted on the worldwide phenomenon of headbanging, so researchers constructed a theoretical headbanging model with enough physics terms to make any nerd happy, angular displacement, sinusoidal motion in a sagittal plane, amplitude of the displacement curve, study participants, headbangers, but you do need a control group, easy listening music. Head injury curves? Neck injury curves, based on headbanging tempo and angular sweep. At an average headbanging tempo, we're trying to keep the range of motion under 75 degrees, so something like this. So to minimize the risk of head and neck injury, headbangers should decrease the range of head and neck motion. Oh, there's that personal protective equipment again. Unfortunately it is difficult, if not impossible, to change the habits of heavy metal aficionados. Maybe what we need are metal studded neck braces.


If there's one thing I'm willing to bet on, it's myself. Beyonce. As we've been told time and time again, having the most fulfilling life starts with yourself. Loving yourself means getting to the place where you'll bet on yourself every single day. What is it truly important to love oneself? Can't you live your life without all the touchy-feely fuzzy self-love stuff? According to a study written by psychology professor Dr. Hans Krishnar and colleagues, loving oneself turns off the threat response and places the body in a feeling of safety and relaxation, which is necessary for regeneration and healing. Research conducted Dr. Kristin Neff and colleagues also showed that people who love themselves experience fewer depressive symptoms. Wondering what signs indicate that you love yourself? Let's delve into some of those signs together. Be gentle. How can you be so dumb?  When was the last time you said those words to a friend or even to a stranger for that matter? According to psychology researcher Dr. Kristin Neff, kindness is something we naturally give to those we care for. When you love yourself, instead of verbally abusing yourself when you screw up, you take on the role of a compassionate friend. You extend the same kindness to yourself that you extend to others. You give yourself compliments and pat yourself on the back. Those negative thoughts in your mind will be replaced with positive affirmations.  Approval. Psychotherapist Eileen S. Cohen explains that when you love yourself, you'll no longer feel the need to seek approval from others. Your self-awareness increases. You notice what makes you happy and you begin to care less about what people think of you.   Other people's opinions of you won't always reflect the whole picture and that's okay.  Emotions. According to psychotherapist John Amadeo, self-loving people are gentle towards the emotions that develop inside them. When you love yourself, you understand that it's natural to feel sad, upset and scared sometimes. Instead of seeing emotions as a sign of weakness, you view it as a symbol of strength. Getting in touch with your emotions allows them to become friendly allies rather than enemies of your life journey. You might begin to discover the messages your emotions are trying to convey as you approach your emotions with self-awareness and curiosity. Love yourself. Love isn't always a feeling, it's a verb. To love someone is an active experience. It is to do and to become. Researcher Chicky Davis emphasizes that loving yourself means taking action. The situation is exactly the same as if you were in a relationship with your significant other. You may not believe them if they don't show you love.  You can do this by treating yourself to your favorite meal, spending time doing your hobbies or standing up for yourself against bullies. Basically, any actions that make you feel good about yourself. Gratitude. How often have you heard someone say, you should be grateful for, and then mention a job, a significant other, or belongings? Sure, having specific possessions and supportive people in your life is wonderful. But according to researcher Chicky Davis, when you turn your gratitude inward, that's when you have a more loving relationship with yourself. There are numerous things about yourself to be grateful for, including your appearance, your personal attributes, your strengths, your preferences, your skills and talents, psychology researchers, Matt Baldwin and Samantha Zaw conducted a research where they divided the participants into three groups. The first group wrote brief gratitude letters to someone else. The second, to themselves. And the third, a control group where they wrote about a positive experience that they'd gone through. Based on a preliminary analysis, the self-focused gratitude group experienced more sense of redemption and felt that they were morally good people. Forgiveness. Forgiveness is simply about understanding that every one of us is both inherently good and inherently flawed. Desmond Tutu.  When you love yourself, you realize that you're just human. There will be times you say things you didn't mean to say, make bad judgment and do things that fall short of your moral standards. Psychology researchers Lydia Wood yet and colleagues explained that self-forgiveness rids the self of negative emotions and cultivates self-compassion, love and kindness towards the self. It's important that you forgive yourself to move on, learn from your mistakes and lead a more fulfilling life. Sometimes loving yourself does not occur immediately. It's a journey. Nevertheless, it is something worth fighting for and it begins with becoming mindful of your relationship with yourself. Can you relate to any of the signs? Let us know in the comment section below and remember, you matter. Until next time.


So let's start with the first thing. As far as our young people today of all ages, right from the 13-year-olds up to the 30-somethings, young people today are born digital. They're grown-up mobile. And for you, life is unlimited possibilities. And it's completely borderless. When we were in school, we used to think with boundaries. I don't think boundaries mean anything to you guys. Boundaries are non-existent. Geography is history. It's really out there. You are people who are limitless in the possibilities. And that fact that you're all born digital, a question to ask is if you're creating a business here in Nagaland or anywhere in the country, are you having a business that is also born digital? Because if you're dealing with a customer who knows nothing else except connecting virtually, getting information online, are you ready as an organization, as a group of people, to have a business that is also born digital and is willing to deal with this group of people? The second is very interesting. It says that you guys are a remix generation. Why is a remix generation? A remix generation because you are rooted in your immense love for everything that you own locally. At the same time, you have an immense appreciation of the foreign. So when you have to mix the love for the desi and the appreciation for the foreign, are we creating brands that mix the two as well? Are you creating products that are as aspirational as something that sells on the streets, high streets of London at the same time are made and uniquely Naga in their perspective? So if you have a unique Naga product, is it as aspirational to sell on the high streets of London as it would on the streets of Beemapur? And perhaps at the same time, give you enough value and pride in doing both? So if we are dealing with a remix generation, is your business a remix business as well, which allows you to do both as aspirational as the other? The third is that you guys as young people today live your life on display. You socialize every minute. And for you, it's not the language of English. It's not the language of Nagamese. It's the language of the visual story. The visual story is your language. It's not a communication of a word. It's the broadcast of a visual story. Are we as businesses ready to talk that language? Are we talking the language of the visual story that our customers of tomorrow are happy to deal with? That's what their communication is. They don't communicate with words anymore. They communicate with pictures. They communicate with the visual Instagram stories. They communicate with stories that they put out on Twitter. That is the language of their visual story. Are we giving them? Are we speaking their language? Or are we still broadcasting in media that perhaps are alien to all the people who are perhaps sitting apart from the first row? The fourth is all of the young generation today, the young consumers are experience seekers.  They care about experiencing things. Are we creating an experience economy? When I give my farmers today product, I create experiences even in an agricultural product. If my packaging self dissolves in water, does not leave any plastic out there, it gives him an experience.  Have I created an experience about with my brand? Or am I just selling a product? Nobody cares about owning a product. They care about seeking out an experience. The fifth one is all customers today are loyal to brands that allow self-expression. Do you allow self-expression with your brand? Do you allow your brand to become something that you can customize? Can I make something which every guy sitting in this room, every girl sitting in this room, can make truly their own? So for instance, in Mumbai, I'll give you an example.  Which means people cannot party beyond 10 p.m. So what do the Indian youth in Mumbai do? They say no party, obviously not. We party, we party a lot. But we now have silent parties which basically mean they take headphones which have playlists on them and they will all be in a big room with headphones on their head, changing music on their personal preferences and they will be dancing in the same room to different scores of music and having a fantastic time. In the process, today they don't go based on who the DJ is. They go based on what the playlist is in that party. They don't cause a ruckus. At the same time, for each person in that party and there may be 500 of them, the music they've played is different and the experience is personal. So your experience with that party is very different from someone else's because you're listening to something that you want to do and therefore people keep going back to the same places simply because it allowed them to self-express themselves. It was their self-expression. It was not someone thrusting something down your throat. It was your personal, personal experience. Do you provide as a company, as a brand a canvas for self-expression? Because if you do that, you will empower your customer.  And you did it just because you allowed him a canvas for self-expression. That's one other very, very unique trait. Another is our customers today are data-spired. They are inspired and informed with data. Both inspired and informed with data. Are you providing enough information to your customers to make them data-spired? Without data? Data is a new oil. I've heard you've heard that, like oil was very valuable. Today data is valuable. Are you providing or creating enough data to data-spire your customers? Our customers today are collaborators by nature. Do you as a brand allow them to collaborate with each other, to talk to each other, to work together and build the brands? Do you allow something that allows collaboration? The next one is perhaps the one I love the most. Is today our customers live in crowd cultures of fandoms. Fandom, it's a fandom, it's not a kingdom anymore. Earlier we had kingdoms, today we have fandoms.  You are all today part of fandoms. Groups of people that align and do everything that some person you really love does. Do you agree? All the people behind, do you agree that you are all part of some fandom or the other? As you as a company, are you creating such fandoms? Is your brand a fandom? Or if you don't have to create one, are you aligning with enough people who have fans and make them talk about your brand? You don't need to create a brand all the time, a fandom all the time. But are you aligning with fandoms? Because these kids behind are not looking at a mass media publication anymore. For them, it's their fandom. Tomorrow if there is this artist or this music guy who belts out some great tunes, writes about something or changes his hat from Nike to Adidas for some reason, all of them will now become Adidas fans. Not because they've experienced this, because the fandom now demands it, okay? Or they will kind of wear the certain clothes or whatever just because the fandom does it. So are we aligning with those fandoms? Or are we creating some of them all? Ninth one, all our customers today are smart shoppers. For them everything has to be personal. It's me-tailing, it's not retailing. It's me-tailing. Are you creating me-tailing opportunities where a customer can come to a store and customize exactly what he or she is getting? And lastly, our customers are extremely, extremely confident about the causes they believe in and they will do anything to go behind those causes. So if someone is really keen on the environment or someone is extremely keen about certain other causes, are you as a brand aligning with those causes and therefore these people will say, yes, this person does something that is really meaningful? And these customers will align to people who recognize causes that they believe in. The reason I told you about these 10 points is because when I was asked to talk about branding, I can't come out here and give you a generic prescription of any brand. I can't because I don't know the brands that you own. At the same time, I believe that customers today, and I hope all of you with the nodding heads I see around the amphitheater, agree with a lot of these 10 points, is that these 10 things are where the customers today behave, the way you and I behave today. But are we creating brands in the archaic old ways or have we aligned ourselves to these new ways of doing business? And for the moment we do that, we will have a brand that actually is customized that provides a unique experience that empowers my customer and by virtue of empowering them, has enslaved them in a way that can never be done in any other way or form. All of this really builds up a brand that is unique, a brand that you will therefore at some point be very proud to have created. You in Nagaland have very unique opportunities. You are, for us in mainland India, we look at Nagaland with a lot of intrigue. It's intriguing. It's mysterious and it's exotic. And if I use these three words and build brands around these three premises, can I create a brand that's intriguing? Can I create a brand that's exotic? And can I create a brand that is mysterious? I believe you can. And if you add these three, they are recipes for premium brands around the world. Why can't we not have enough partnerships using YI as a platform? If today we have 20,000 YI members, that's 20,000 touchpoints that you guys can use to create such intriguing, mysterious, premium brand to the rest of the country. Build your market, grow your market because there is no other land of opportunity as the opportunity of what India provides. And nowhere ever has a country, the scale of ours, tried to change in the kind of speed we are trying to change today. And you're all part of that crucible of change. And if you miss out this opportunity, believe me, it's a lost opportunity. We're never gonna get back. Never in the past or in the conceivable future will this ever happen again. So I hope that with these little words, I've given you some nuggets in terms of what branding you should think about when you build your brands. Build your brands with these, with the customer at the center of the equation and with India as your opportunity. Thank you very much.


In this week's news, why SpaceX are nowhere near ready for the orbital flight test, more firm dates on the next wet-dress attempt for SLS have been revealed, and China has some busy months ahead with their space station. This is tomorrow's Space News. Heading straight down to Starbase in Texas, Starship 24 has been rolled out of High Bay 1 and driven down the road on some self-propelled modular transporters down to the launch site. Here, you can see that most of the vehicle is covered with its thermal tiles, however there are still some gaps left. There isn't any reason given as to why the ship has been left in this condition, but it's been speculated that this could make it easier for the engineers in Boca Chica to evaluate any issues between the welded sections. Once S-24 arrived at the orbital launch site, it was hooked up to the cryo station in preparation of testing. The first sign of life was very quickly found as this little vent appeared for approximately 20 seconds. The following day, testing continued, more specifically ambient proof testing. This didn't go too swimmingly from the outside, however, as following a loud sound which sounded like some kind of rupture, multiple starbrick tiles were seen cascading down ship 24. That's not a brilliant start for the ship currently destined to perform the orbital flight test, and it also means that the FAA environmental review slipping again to June 13th doesn't really matter as SpaceX are nowhere near ready for the UFT. We need to see ships working, boosters working, static fires, and so much more before we know, looking in from the outside, that SpaceX are truly ready for their orbital flight. At this point in time, the FAA aren't delaying SpaceX's operations. SpaceX are delaying SpaceX's operations. At the end of the day, once ambient proof testing was complete, workers could be seen removing a very bent pipe from inside of S24. Now, I'm no plumbing expert, but I'm pretty sure that a pipe bent this much isn't a good sign, especially after dozens of tiles have just fallen off the ship, following a loud noise. On the back of the ship, there is a large patch where the majority of the tiles fell off, so it'll be interesting to see what SpaceX do next to try and rectify this issue. They've been fixing Booster 7, so repairing ship 24 is definitely an option, if it is physically possible. And speaking of repairing this pipe, which looks like a straight version of the bent one was taken into ship 24 on Monday. Following ship 24 will be ship 25 and good progress is being made on that ship as well. This is a forward dome which was sleeved on Wednesday. With the arrival of a new ship to the launch site and another one under construction, ship 16 has continued disassembly, with one of the aft flaps being removed. Raptors keep on arriving at the production site here, we can see Raptor 2 SN74 being delivered and a few days later we saw SN62 and SN77. And this isn't really an update, but it is something that caught my eye. This majestic shot by Nick Ansuini of the sun rising over the launch site is just incredible. Ship 24's heat shield has had some problems and a dragon heat shield has had an issue too, with the structure destined for crew 5 failing acceptance testing earlier in the month meaning it will not be used on dragon endurance. Acceptance testing includes X-rays of the heat shield as well as low testing at various points in the flight, such as during the most intense part of re-entry and when the capsule splashes down in the ocean, which is the point where the test failed. This failure was caused by a manufacturing defect so a new shield will be produced and sent through the same rigorous testing regime before flying on crew 5. It's also important to note that this defect doesn't impact the dragon spacecraft currently docked to the International Space Station for crew 4, Freedom. That's because each heat shield is tested separately, this issue only applies to the specific heat shield we're just going to fly on crew 5. It has also been a big week for Starlink, but more on the positive side as three new countries have signed on to accept the service within their territory. First to be announced was the Philippines, with Starlink Internet Services Philippines Incorporated, the Filipino subsidiary of Starlink being approved by the National Telecommunications Commission, also known as the NTC. This was followed by a tweet a few hours later from Elon Musk saying that Starlink had also been approved in Nigeria and Mozambique. The network availability map on Starlink's website currently says that Mozambique and the Philippines will be receiving the service by Q4 of 2022 and that Nigeria will be receiving the service in Q3 of 2022. Launcher is a small satellite launch services company who are aiming to launch their first rocket called Light in 2024. Its first stage is powered by one of their E2 engines, which they've branded as the world's highest performance liquid rocket engine for a small rocket. In 2019 they won a small business innovation research or SPUR contract, which was for development of the E2, valued at US$1.5 million. That helped to get the development rolling, which has led to the company winning a second contract from the Space Force. Launcher has won another US$1.7 million, which has come in the form of the SPUR Phase 2B Tactical Funding Increase, which will accelerate the development of the engine. This also means better and longer testing so the company can really push the engine and its components to see how far it can go. This will include full duration tests of turbo pumps and long duration tests of combustion chambers. Hopefully this extra funding will keep the first launch of Light on track for 2024 as it is always awesome to see another rocket come online, especially from new private entities trying to make their way into the launch market. It's also especially awesome when that rocket is powered by a 3D printed engine with 327 seconds of specific impulse. That's a pretty powerful engine. The next few months for China's space station are pretty busy, as with the arrival of Tianzhou 4 on May 10, the next crew are now ready to fly up to the station and welcome two new science modules, Wen Tian and Meng Tian, which will allow space for more science as well as space for on-orbit crew transfers, exactly how crew handovers are performed on the ISS. The crew which will see the arrival of these two new modules is Shenzhou 14 and the rocket for that flight has just rolled out of the assembly building at the Jiquan satellite launch centre. No official dates and times for the launch have been confirmed, but there is speculation that June 5th is the first liftoff date being targeted. That's not the only thing we don't know about the flight yet, however, as we don't even know who will be on board. The identities of the three taikonauts embarking on the six-month voyage are still unknown, just days before the mission. The two new modules being added onto the station are both approximately 20 metric tonnes in mass, 17.9 metres long and 4.2 metres in diameter. The way that they're going to be added to the station is also unique as both modules will arrive first at the forward port on the Tianhe core module. From there, they'll be manually transferred via robotic arm to their respective forward left and forward right ports. Wen Tian will be carrying its own airlock for EVAs, another robotic arm, as well as the ability to control the station in the event that the core module is unable to. Meng Tian is similar with an airlock designed for supplement and equipment transportation and an unpressurised cargo compartment. Following Shenzhou 15, the next crewed flight after Shenzhou 14, the station will be considered fully operational and then China will start to consider what other taikonauts will be eligible for a flight to the station. Tourist visits and commercial missions are also on the cards, similar to Axiom and SpaceX's collaboration on ISS flights. International flights could also occur as the station uses the international docking system found on the US crewed vehicles. Speaking of US crewed vehicles, Orion is one of them and it is set to fly around the moon on SLS sometime in the autumn. I covered some SLS updates last week, but more firm dates on what is happening when have just been announced. Roll out will occur on June 5th or 6th, starting at around midnight local time and arriving at the pad the following morning. NASA will then have some time to effectively set up the rocket and then the three-day countdown will begin on June 17th. That means that the terminal count and fuel link will begin on June 19th, but it is important to remember that these are never earlier than dates, so there's a pretty good chance that they can slip. Weather delays have also been built into the dress rehearsal, so even if a classic Florida storm rocks up, the schedule should be able to hold up at least for a day or two. We still don't have an official date for launch, apart from the August launch windows which are currently being targeted. Speaking of launches, we had one last week, so let's hop into space traffic. There was just one launch to cover last week, and there's just one launch to cover again this week, which is SpaceX's Transporter 5 mission. Launching at 1835 UTC on the 25th of May from Sleek 40 in Florida, on board were 59 separate small sat palos for a variety of different customers all wanting to end up in a sun-synchronous orbit. Due to the relatively light mass of the payload and the second stage for this mission, booster B1061 had enough fuel remaining to turn around and head back to land for a return to launch site landing, which was, of course, successful. This landing marks the end of the eighth flight for this specific booster, and the 99th reflight of a booster by SpaceX. And following that launch, literally one minute later at 1836, Starliner spacecraft 2 undocked from the Harmony module on the International Space Station to start the descent phase of the Orbital Flight Test 2 mission. Following its due orbit burn, Starliner re-entered the Earth's atmosphere and descended upon White Sands missile range in New Mexico under three strong, healthy main chutes. The heat shield was then jettisoned, and the airbags were inflated before touching down in the desert at 2249 UTC the same day, ending a successful test ride with only some minor glitches, which can be fixed, which also had redundancies anyway. Only three launches are scheduled for the next seven days. Those are the resupply mission Progress MS-20, the aforementioned Shenzhou 14, and Capstone on Electron heading to the Moon. And here is your space weather with Dr. Tammethers' go. Space weather this week continues to be a bit on the calm side. As we take a look at our Earth-facing disc, you can see that big crescent-shaped coronal hole. That has been sending us some fast solar wind over the past couple days, and it's bumped us up to storm levels and kind of kept us there for a day or so. But this region now is rotating off of the Earth-facing disc, and therefore things are beginning to calm down. But never fret, Aurora photographers, there is yet another coronal hole that's going to be rotating into the Earth strike zone here about in the next four or five days, and that could get us yet another burst of fast solar wind and more Aurora chances. So just hang in there. Now also we have only three active regions on the Earth-facing disc right now, region 30, 23, 24, and 25. Only region 30, 25 is a big flare player, but it's only a Scotia of a big flare player. So things have definitely calmed down when it comes to solar flares, and also solar flux. We're actually struggling to keep up into the triple digits, and that will easily continue over the next few days, possibly over a week before things begin to get a little bit better. And now for your Leo-Mio-Geo orbit outlook. As we take a look at our low-energy particle environment, these are the particles that can gather on the outside of spacecraft and cause surface charging and other types of electrical discharges. We can see it late on the 27th. We can see particle injections kind of beginning to build that flux up in Geo, as well as clear down deep into the Mio environment. In fact, we're beginning to see surface charging issues from our radiation clock, especially in the post-Midnight pre-dawn sector. And this lasts easily through the 28th, and by the 29th, things begin to kind of settle down a little bit with these low-energy particles. But when we flip to our higher-energy particles, now these are the ones that cause internal charging because they can penetrate deep into the spacecraft and cause electrical upsets from the inside. Taking a look at these particles at 1 MeV, you can actually see right around the 28th, these particles actually get flushed. You can see that because the radiation belts here in this figure actually turns really blue. But very shortly thereafter, we begin to build those particles back up, and you can see the radiation belts beginning to get really intense. And this goes deep into the Mio orbits, cleared down at about 2 Earth radii all the way out to Geo. And these particles are going to continue to intensify over the next day or two, so you satellite operators, especially in Mio and Geo orbits, expect internal charging could be an issue over the next few days. Station 204 has high operating costs, and these are the people who help to keep it on orbit. Those quick airlocks don't come cheap, you know? The escape velocity, orbital suborbital, and ground support citizens contribute varying amounts every month for a place on this list, as well as other perks, such as exclusive Discord channels, access to the pre and post live show hangouts, and access to the space news scripts as they're being written. If you want to take a look at all that, consider becoming a citizen of tomorrow at youtube.com slash tomorrow slash join, or the join button below. That's it for another week, but of course I want to quickly drop in my Psyche GoFundMe campaign, so if you want to head over there and help to send me to Florida in September to report on the launch, that would be greatly appreciated. Even if you just want to share the link, every little thing that everyone can do to help is awesome and greatly appreciated. If you want to see the next episode of the news, and many more episodes to come, so you always know what's happening in the world of spaceflight, then subscribing will do just that, and ensure that all our videos show up in your subscriptions feed. Even if you don't want to watch all of them, having them there, it's nice to watch. For now though, thank you for watching and goodbye.


From Hollywood, another authentic re-enactment of a case transcribed from the files of the Texas Rangers. Pearson, Texas more than 260,000 square miles. And 50 men who make up the most famous and oldest law enforcement body in North America. Files of the Texas Rangers come these stories based on facts. Names, dates, and places are fictitious for obvious reasons. The events themselves are a matter of record. Case for tonight, Death Shaft. It is 9.30 a.m. November 18, 1941 in the Big Bend country of West Texas. J.C. Wilford of the Bureau of Mines and Fred Blaisdell are winding up a narrow dirt road toward Blaisdell's abandoned mine in Black Hawk Canyon. How long'd you say it's been since you operated your mine, Mr. Blaisdell? I never have operated, Wilford. It was left me by my brother when he passed on. Oh, I see. I was understood there was ore here if you had the money to get it out, but I didn't. So I just let her sit here. Haven't even been near the place for two years anyway. But lately I've been reading that the government's anxious to get some of these mines going again. So I got in touch with you at the Bureau of Mines to see if you think it's a worthwhile proposition. Well, if it looks promising and tall, we can make a thorough survey, do a little diamond drilling, and see what we've got. And then if it looks good, you think the government will loan the money to operate it? That's something I can't answer. All we at the Bureau do is make the recommendation. Pretty desolate country around here, isn't it? Yeah, I'll see. And here we are. Is that the entrance to the mine ahead? Yeah, yeah, that's it. All boarded up. And padlock. It's my brother put that door on the entrance to the shaft when it could work in the mine. Yeah, I got my key. What's the matter, please? Key doesn't seem to fit. Well, you sure it's the right one? Yeah. Hey, this isn't the same lock on here. What? Well, there was a master padlock on here before. Now it's just a cheap one from a dime store, looks like. That's strange. Who'd want a switch lock? Why? I don't know. Somebody must have been snooping around up here. Wait. Piece iron bar line over here. See if I can... Ah, that lock on. Fairly new lock by the look of it. Yeah. Okay, let's open it up. Yeah, I got the flashlight. I better go first. Okay, weapon. Yeah, these grips collect a lot of moisture when the mine's not in use. Please do. What's the matter, weapon?  Holy smoke, a skeleton. Closed just about all right of the way. And a different padlock on the entrance. Looks like somebody didn't want this skeleton found, weapon. Yeah, and if you take a look at the skull, you'll see why. Hey, it's all bashed in. It sure is. The club were all rocked by the look of it. Yeah. Whoever that was, looks like he was murdered. The two men notified Sheriff Benson, who requested help from the Texas Rangers. Ranger Jase Pearson was assigned to the case. Joining the sheriff and two men, it blazed his mind. Hmm. Pretty damp, Sheriff. Sure is. You men touch anything in here? Not a thing, Ranger. After I plied off the new lock, we come inside. But just as soon as we saw the skeleton, we got out in a hurry and called the sheriff. Isn't that right, Wilper? Yeah, that's right, Ranger. Well, there it is, Jase. Yeah. The skull sure is bashed in. It'd be pretty hard to tell how long he's been dead, Jase. Yeah, her mains would deteriorate pretty fast in this dampness. And as far as telling who it is, clothes are all rotted away, so the same would go for any papers he might have been carrying. Just a minute, Sheriff. Hmm? Look, these loose rocks on the side here. All right. Looks like a leather wallet. It is. Pretty well preserved, too. Sure, sure. It was a little higher than the skeleton up out of the wet. Yeah. Pretty lucky for us. Looks that way. Any money in it? Just some papers. Hmm. Might have been robbery. He'll have took the money, then tossed the billfold away. Can you make out the writing on any of the papers? Gilbert W. Madden. Madden? Uh, name mean anything to you, Blaisle? Uh, just trying to think. No, I don't, I don't remember ever hearing it before. How about you, Mr. Wilford? Being from the Bureau of Mines, you probably spend a lot of time around this part of the state. You ever hear the name before? Madden. Sounds a little familiar, but I can't seem to police it, Ranger. I'm sorry. Okay. I guess that'll be all for now. Let's get back outside. The one signed statement's from you. You can drop around the Sheriff's office and make him. I'll be in this afternoon if that's okay. Sure. See you then, Blaisle. Well, Wilford, I'll give you a lift back to town. All right. You through here, Jess? Not quite. Take this broken padlock along. I don't want to look at this hasp on the door. I doubt if you can tell much from that. It's all scratched up where Blaisle fell right off that padlock. Yeah, I know. There's one thing sort of puzzles me a little, Sheriff. What is it? This new lock isn't rusty enough to have been out here in the open for very long. What do you figure that means? I won't know until I can get some idea of the approximate time of death. Come on, let's get back to town and start checking on Gilbert Madden. See if we can find out how long ago he was murdered. Back at the Sheriff's office, I checked through the missing persons reports and found one on Gilbert Madden filed by his wife eight months before. Mrs. Madden was promptly notified and requested to meet us at the Sheriff's office for routine questioning. Have a seat, Miss Madden. Thank you, Sheriff. Sorry to be asking questions at a time like this, ma'am. That's all right, Ranger. I don't suppose there's any doubt it was Gil. I'm afraid not, ma'am. We found his wallet and the lab confirmed the identification by means of the teeth. Well, I've felt for some time that Gil must be dead. In a way, it's almost better knowing instead of wondering. I know. Mrs. Madden, our lab's trying to establish the time of your husband's murder.  That's right. What were the circumstances surrounding your husband's disappearance? Well, Gilbert was a mine broker. He made trips in the mining country every now and then. He planned to be away for two or three weeks, so I decided to visit my relatives in Kansas while he was gone. I see. When was that? Right around the first of March, as I remember. And how long were you in Kansas? Three weeks. Did you hear from your husband during that time? Oh, yes, I did. I got a letter from him just a couple of days before I was to return home, saying he would meet my train. But he wasn't at the depot when I arrived. I called all over town trying to locate him, and then when I couldn't, I got worried. The next day I filed the report with a police. Well, let's see. That'd make it about the 20th of March when you got that last letter from your husband. That means he was alive up until the time he mailed it anyway, which would be about the 18th of March. Come in. I left my statement with your deputy, Sheriff. Anything else? Oh, I reckon not. Mrs. Madden is Mr. Blaisdell. How did you? Mrs. Madden? Mr. Blaisdell owns the mine where your husband's body was discovered. Oh. Sorry to make your acquaintance under this sort of circumstance, Mrs. Madden. Sheriff, I'm sure you told me where this mine was over the phone when you notified me, but what with the shock I don't seem to remember. Oh, my mine is over in Black Hawk Canyon, Mrs. Madden. Black Hawk Canyon? That mean anything to you, Mrs. Madden? Oh, Willie. Who? Oh, Willie. He lives up in Black Hawk Canyon somewhere. Look, Mrs. Madden, who is this old Willie? Well, he has a mine up there. He's a strange old man. He's very eccentric. Well, what makes you think he had anything to do with this? Because in that last letter I got from Gil, but he mentioned something about old Willie pestering him again. I didn't pay much attention to it at the time. I still don't get the connection between your husband and this old Willie, Mrs. Madden. Well, you see, about two years ago, my husband made a business trip into that region. I went with him. This old Willie was hanging around a little store where we stopped for a cold drink. When he found out my husband was a mine broker, he became very excited. Said he had a valuable mine he wanted Gilbert to look at. Did your husband inspect Willie's mine? No, because the storekeeper broke in and told us Willie's mine was worthless. Willie became furious and finally the storekeeper threw him out. I see. Did Willie threaten your husband, Mrs. Madden?  Mr. Blaisdell, have you ever heard of this old Willie? No, I haven't, but that doesn't mean anything. I'm not acquainted with anybody in that area. Jayce, I sure think this old Willie is worth questioning. So do I, Sheriff. We'll head back to Black Hawk Canyon and see if we can find him. Right now, he sounds like a first-class murder suspect. In just a moment, we will continue with tales of the Texas Rangers starring Joel McCrae as Ranger Jayce Pearson. It's the Silver Jubilee on NBC. Here's great news for all of you Western fans. Beginning next Friday on most NBC stations, Roy Rogers, the King of the Cowboys, and Day Levens, the Queen of the West will bring you the new Roy Rogers show. Yes, beginning next Friday, be sure to listen for Roy Rogers, Day Levens, and Trigger in New Adventures in Paradise Valley. It's the Roy Rogers show Friday on most NBC stations. Be sure to listen. We continue now with tales of the Texas Rangers and tonight's case, Death Shaft, an authentic story from the files of the Texas Rangers. As a matter of routine, I checked up on Mrs. Madden's story of her visit to relatives in Kansas and quickly confirmed the fact that she was there during the period she had stated. Next, Sheriff Benson and I drove to the small general store in Black Hawk Canyon and questioned the storekeeper. Oh, Willie? Sure I know him, Ranger. Comes in here once a month regular for supplies. Crazy as a coot. Where does he live, Price? About 20 miles up the canyon. He's got a no-count mine up on East Rim. Of course, he thinks it's just chock-full oar. Mr. Price, I want you to think back about two years ago, an incident involving old Willie and a mind-broker named Madden is supposed to have taken place here in your store. You remember anything about it? Sure do. Willie started giving his mind-broker the usual jaw-wagging about his mind being valuable. So I figured I'd better stick more in and tell the fellow Willie's mind wasn't worth it to add bones in. What happened then?  Well, Jay said sure checks with what Miss Madden told us. Yeah. Mr. Price, can you give us directions for finding Willie's place we'd like to pay him a visit? Well, pretty rough country up there. And we got horses in a trailer outside. Oh, wait. In that case, you can make it all right. You'll find the trail leading north off the road up ahead about five miles. Stick to the trail until they cross that dry creek. Then you'll see another trail taking up the side of the canyon. The second trail leads us to Willie's mine, huh? Yep. Of course. May not find him there. Why not? He's pretty skittish about visitors. That's just why I want to pay him a visit. See if he's got anything to be skittish about. We should be just about there, Sheriff. Yeah, by the climb. Looks like we're directly across the canyon from Blaise Del's mine. Listen, Earl, it must be Willie. He's all right. Once we get around this bend in the trail, yeah, it looks like some dickens up ahead there. And just take a look at that shag there. Some place. Galvanized iron, tar paper, cardboard. I wonder what keeps it up. Probably that stovepipe sticking up through the center of the roof. Yeah, it's smoking too. Willie must be home all right. Oh, who's charcoal? Oh, boy. Would you look at the junkies got hanging on the outside walls. Pieces of barbed wire, tin cans, keys, bottles. Looks like Willie's part pack wrap. The door's open. Nobody inside. Inside looks like the outside. Only more so. Wonder where I'll hold it. Hmm? Look, over there in the bushes. Yeah, something moved all right. Willie, come out of there. Willie! Hey, somebody's coming out all right. Sure don't look very friendly with that rifle. What do you finish watch?   You're wrong there, Willie. This is Sheriff Benson and I'm Ranger Pearson. We want to ask you a few questions. Now drop that rifle and come over here. You think I'm going to tell you about my mind, don't you? Yeah, and I'm not. Just a minute, Willie. You want to get it away from me just like all the rest. You're spies for them. That's what you are. You come poking around here. What are you talking about, Willie? Spies for whom? For the big companies. They all want my mind because they know it's right smack dab on the biggest vein in the county. That's why they send spies snooping around here, like you two. I don't know, Jase. Willie, have you ever been near the Blazdel mine across the canyon from here? He's as good as this and is. Answer my question. Have you ever been near there? Yeah, maybe. How long ago? Oh, a couple of days. What were you doing over there? Patrolling. What do you mean patrolling? Oh, I patrolled all over. Got a watch for the spies. Hmm. Ever hear the name Gilbert Madden? He ain't going to never get my mind. All I need is a little money to offer him. I asked you a question, Willie. Have you ever heard of Gilbert Madden? You heard him, Willie. Maybe I have, and maybe I ain't. You fellas come up here spying just like he did. Just like who? Madden? Think you're pretty smart, don't you? But you're not going to trap me. He had his chance to get me money for the mine, but he wouldn't. Is that why you killed him? I think you're going to get me confused with your smart self, don't you? Hell, you ain't. I ain't got too much on my mind patrolling to worry about kiddin' anybody. Yeah? I wonder. We got a witness that you had a fight with, Madden. And for the more- Just a minute, Sheriff. What is it? Just happened to notice something hanging on the outside wall here. Just a bunch of old rusty keys. Yeah. But this one isn't as rusty as the rest. Well, let me see. Jeez. That key's the same make as the locked Blaisdell, right off the entrance to his mind. That's right, Sheriff. Come here, Willie. Hey, whatcha want? Where'd you get this key? Say, that's a goodin'. You want to trade some? Where'd you get it? I saved keys. Quit, Stalin, Willie. Where'd you get it? Come in around here, askin' me all kinds of questions. You got no car! I'll get that padlock back in office, Chase. I'm sure interested to see whether this key fits it. So am I. Come on, Willie. Get your borough. We're going to take a ride.   Padlock's in my desk here.  Take your samples. Here it is. Let's have it. Okay, now I'll try this key in it. Fits. Sure does. Well, I guess that does it all right. Can I go now? No, Willie. I don't think you'll be goin' anywhere for a while. The sheriff booked Willie, but we were unable to get any sort of coherent statement out of him. Finally, we locked him up and went back into the sheriff's office. Well, regardless of whether or not he gives us a confession, I suppose we could get a conviction all right. Maybe. Unless they find him mentally incompetent. Even so, they'll put him away. Yeah, that's just what I was thinkin'. It'd be pretty rough on him if he happened to be innocent, wouldn't it? You be? Innocent? Now, Jay. Yeah. I know. We have two witnesses to the fact that Willie threatened Gilbert Madden. That's right. Mrs. Madden and the storekeeper. But what clenches it is a padlock on Blaise Dell's mind, Jayce. That key we found at Willie's shack fits it. That's about as solid evidence as there is, seems to me. I wonder. What do you mean? A couple of things about this don't feel quite right to me, sheriff. Well, what, for instance? Well, near as the lab configured, Madden was murdered about eight months ago. That's right. Last March. But the lock blazed all the time. But the lock blazed all broke off the mine entrance, was hardly rusty at all. And neither was the key we found hanging out in the open at Willie's shack. What's wrong with that, Jayce? Willie broke off the original lock when he hid Madden's body. But Madden died eight months ago, and that second lock couldn't have been on the hasp that long. Well, maybe Willie didn't put the lock on right away. Maybe later he got to worryin' about somebody discovering the body, and, well, that's when he put it on. Sheriff, the time you're most worried about a body being discovered is right after you've killed a man, not several months later. Sure. That's the way a sensible person would react. But remember who we're dealing with. Old Willie. Who's not exactly what you call a sensible man. I know, Sheriff. But then there's the part about the key hanging right out in plain sight at Willie's shack. Now, Jayce, you said yourself Willie was pot-packed, right? Remember all the junk he had hanging around the shack? Sure, I do, Sheriff. I also remember what Willie said when we showed him that key. Say, that's a good one. Just like he never noticed it before. What are you gettin' at, Jayce?  But it seems to me there's a bare chance he didn't. Then how'd they get that key? We could've found it, or it could've been planted there. That'd be awful tough to prove, either way, Jayce. Sure it would. As long as it's a possibility, we're not closing the case. Come on, let's talk to Mrs. Madden and see if she can give us a line on anybody besides old Willie who might have a reason for killing her husband. We drove out to the Madden house but Mrs. Madden was unable to give us any new information. She suggested we go through her husband's business records which were in a spare room he'd used for an office. So the Sheriff and I started in. An hour later, the only things we found just made it look all the worse for Willie. What do you got, Jayce?  Addressed to Madden. Crazy threatening letters. Who wrote them? You guess. Willie? Yeah, Willie. Listen, you better watch out.  That's Willie all right. Rest something like that? Yeah. All six of them. Well, Jayce, it looks all the worse for Willie now. We've been through just about all Madden's records and papers. Any threatening letters or all we come up with? Yeah, and from the looks of it, Madden kept records of just about everything. Well, we might as well put these papers back, I guess. Oh, OK. What do you got there? A pile of canceled checks. Hand them over now. Stick them here in the drawer. OK, just thumb them through. I guess there's nothing here. Hey, what is it? Sheriff, look at this check. It's dated two years ago. Hmm? Let's see. Well, what about it? It's just made out the case and signed by Madden. Yeah. But take a look at this pencil writing up in the corner. Pencil writing, let's... Well, I'll be. So will I. Come on. You want to make an arrest? Not yet. I need more proof and I think I know a way to get it. Just go along with whatever I say. Sure, Jayce. Did you find anything that's in the help and Gilbert's papers, Range Pearson? I think we did, Mrs. Madden. You said you accompanied your husband on his business trip into the Black Hawk Canyon area two years ago. That's right. Why'd he go there? I think he'll rise up the situation, find out what mines were for sale. I see. He didn't actually transact any business, though. No. Of course, this really wanted him to come up and see his mine, but when the storekeeper told us the mine was no good. Yeah. And you stayed right with your husband the whole trip? Yes. Okay. Thanks, ma'am. You say you found something in Gilbert's papers? We don't know for sure, so I'd like to give you a receipt for these canceled checks. Here you are. Canceled checks? Yeah. It looks like one of them's going to take the wrong man out of jail and put the right man in. Come on, Sheriff. I see. Well, I'm glad to hear it. If there's anything more I can do. We'll let you know, Mrs. Madden. Goodbye. She's lying, Jayce. I got a trooper. What now? We'll watch her. Have one of your deputies keep an eye on him. We don't want him to get away, but we don't want to pick him up yet, either. Okay, I'll call my officer in the drug store. I'll wait in my car around the corner. Meet me there. The sheriff made his call and rejoined me. We sat in my car waiting. And a little after dark, Mrs. Madden's car pulled away from her house heading out of town. We followed, keeping well back. Two miles out of town, she pulled off the highway, parked behind another car, got out and headed into the brush. The sheriff and I worked our way slowly and quietly in the direction she'd taken. Should be around here somewhere. Keep it as quiet as possible, sheriff. Reckons, you come out here to meet him. Looks fine. Listen. Yeah. I hear him talking. Look, they're not clearing ahead. Let's ease up a little. Oh, you must have overlooked something when you went through those wreckings. No, I'm sure I didn't, Fred. I found the entry he made where you paid him for praising your mind two years ago. I tore it out. There's nothing in those wreckings to show the two of you knew each other. You're wrong there, ma'am. Hold it real steady, Blaisdall. Pearson. Yeah. So the two of you didn't know each other until I introduced you, huh? You've been in it together ever since you met two years ago.  You were tricked into coming out here so they could catch us together. They didn't have any proof of anything. I got proof right here in my pocket that you lied when you said you didn't know Madden, Blaisdall. Yeah, what kind of proof? Something you overlooked, Mrs. Madden. A check made out to cash. You didn't notice the pencil writing on it. Pencil writing. Your husband made a notation that the check was to cover expenses of a trip he'd made to appraise Blaisdall's mind two years ago. You told me you were with yours, but the whole trip. So you lied about not knowing Blaisdall.  You got to listen to me. I didn't want any part of it, but Blaisdall forced me to. What's that? I'm in the clear. I was in Kansas when it happened. Blaisdall killed my husband. Oh, that's how you stick by me, is it? Why, you little... Hold it, Blaisdall. You're not going to get away free, Clare. I guarantee that. Sure, I killed Madden, Ranger, but it was her idea. That's a lie. All right, from the start, it was her idea. How to go about it? Put the body in my own mind and change lines. He's lying, Ranger. Plant the key at Willie, Shaq. Pretend she and I didn't know each other. Then produce the body so she could collect on the insurance. All of it was her idea.   I'm not half finished yet. Got a wedge out on me, will you? Way like it through spills.   You know, Sheriff, strikes me we've only got one problem left. What's that, Jay? Getting them to talk slow enough so a stenographer can get it all down.  Fred Blaisdill and Clara Madden were indicted and placed on trial for the brutal murder of Gilbert Madden. For her part in the crime, Clara was sentenced to 50 years in the women's prison at Gorry. On the morning of May 3, 1942, Blaisdill was put to death in the electric chair. And now, here's the star of our show, Joel McCrae. Hello, folks. First of all, we want to thank you kindly for the many wonderful letters and cards we received during the summer months. It's mighty heartwarming to know we have so many good friends. As a matter of fact, the Rangers themselves have received quite a few of your letters, too. And like us, they certainly appreciated hearing from you. I'm sure that most of you will recall reading about a great Texas Ranger captain who retired from active duty on July 31 of this year. Some of our stories have been based on his exploits. He's the famous Captain M.T. Lone Wolf Gonzales, whose favorite guns are engraved with the code he has always lived by in his colorful career. Never draw me without cause, nor shield me without dishonor. Tomorrow, it'll be exactly 31 years since Lone Wolf was sworn in as a Texas Ranger. And as in the past year, so in the years to come, we are proud to have him as our technical advisor. Congratulations, Cap. See you next week, folks. Next week, Joel McCray in another authentic reenactment of a case from the files of the Texas Rangers. Joel McCray is currently seen starring in the Universal International Technical of Production cattle drive. The cast included Tony Barrett, Bill Johnstone, Lamont Johnson, Ken Christie, Betty Lugerson, and Brad Brown. Technical advisor was Captain M.T. Lone Wolf Gonzales of the Texas Rangers. This story was transcribed and adapted by Bob Wright, and the program is produced and directed by Stacey Keats. Hell, give me speaking. It's the Silver Jubilee on NBC. Today, hear the glittering premiere program of the big show broadcast from London and featuring Sir Lawrence Olivier, Fred Allen, Beatrice Lilly, and your unpredictable hostess, Tallulah Bankhead. Then join in the fun with the Phil Harris Alice Faye show as they launch their new comedy season. And later, Theatre Guild on the Air brings you Joseph Cotton and Joan Fontaine in Main Street by Sinclair Lewis. Ladies and gentlemen, the program you can't take it with you starring Walter Brenner is now heard at a new time and day. That's Friday on most NBC stations. Stay tuned for the big show and Tallulah on NBC, the national broadcasting company.