Welcome back to my channel guys. It's your girl Coco styles and on this channel. We talk about beauty fashion Lifestyle and stylish All right, so today we're gonna get into a haul. I have about Not a ton of pieces, but I do have some pieces that I wanted to share with you guys You guys already know I'm six feet tall as a talker and I say my height a lot because I have a lot of new Subscribers and they don't know and you can't really tell but I am six feet tall The struggle is real for us. However, when I was in New York, I never had a problem I used to just make things work for me Which is why a lot of the times you'll see me wearing things that are not necessarily from a tall girl brand But more so a regular brand. That's just because I've learned how to make certain things work for me reading details I'm Reading the high the model of the height, which they be lying sometimes But just doing my research So I'm gonna start with this dress that I have on right now I'm probably gonna pop in a video because how the camera is positioned But if I can step back a little bit if you guys probably still can't see it Let me see if I can pull the camera down just to smidge it more so you guys Can probably see it on me as well as the video I got my Ottoman in here So I have it on with my Jimmy Choo boots now. I love these boots guys. Let me tell you what the issue is When I had them on before I did not put lotion on my legs and I felt like I was struggling to get it From my leg if that makes sense. So now I have on like a high like a really me hi me hi Hi, me hi so it can slide down and I think that's what's happening. So it's sliding down just a bit however The skirt the dress is short. It's not a tall girl brand I just so happen to be going to the mall and I Saw it at a friend shop and I was like, oh, let me try it looks like it'll fit me But I was nervous because I'm like, it's a mini when I was growing up and in school They told us if we wanted to wear a dress to school or a skirt We had to put our hands down to the side and if our fingertips was past the hem of the skirt We can't wear it school. So which is probably why I always opt for like long skirts and stuff like that But this is like slightly over. I think what saves it What are the boots? It doesn't make it look like Too sleazy on me, even though it has like sleeves and stuff. I don't know if that makes sense I'm not a mini skirt wearer. A lot of the mini skirts now are so short This is short, but I think it kind of gives off, you know decent way to go. Let me step back So it's still it's pretty short But I don't feel uncomfortable and I think it's because of the boots It makes me feel like I have all more clothes and it could be the sleeves too but this is the first dress When I get the name of The store I'll put it in for those of you guys who live in Georgia. It is at Perimeter mall is called eluxet. He is on Instagram. So I will put the information below if I post something on Instagram I'll tag the the shop as well But I thought it was pretty cute and then the sleeves are like Now if somebody shorter was to wear this, I'm sure this sleeves would probably be I don't know It might be a bit too big on them if that makes sense It might be a it might be a bit too big Only other thing is that this could have been a little bit lower So I know it's not meant for a tall frame, but I don't think it looks like terrible if that makes sense But I'm check out the video on It's side, but this is the first piece that I bought. I also bought two other things from the shop Something from the Frankie shop or two things from the Frankie shop that I have to take. You know what that I take back and then Something from source unknown so I am going to show you what I got from Should I go through his stuff first? Let me go through all of this stuff from the first shop and It's two of the items that I purchased yeah Y'all know the struggle is real for us tall girls The other thing is this top Now I'm back in a day When I was a little younger, I was like a leather girl Now in days you cannot really find like a hundred percent leather if you do It's like super super expensive The only thing that I purchased that was not really high and it was lamp skin was my Lamarck blazers And you guys already know I love those jackets, but this is like a pretty you can't even see the color It's like a really nice buttery Toad color probably gonna just wear this with some jeans I'll style this up in a second with some jeans and some like slides or something But nothing nothing too crazy. And then the other thing I got from his store was the skirt now The skirt is like different it has like all these little things on it it's it's different so I'm thinking in My head I'm thinking I could wear it with like sneakers And just like a t-shirt and a cross body just very very chill I don't know about those Jordan ones because they are not like the most comfortable sneaker. Oh my god They so cute though. It's just like a piece on the inside of it that keeps like pressing into my foot and I'm like ready. It's body By the top of the shoe strings very weird But these are the pieces that I got from him, so I'll try these on in a way where how I would actually style them And I'll probably be in this room as opposed to the other area so you guys can see it Oh, maybe I don't know But these pieces and then I also got Let me show y'all From the Frankie shop The Frankie shop.  I don't feel like taking it out, but I'm gonna show you guys Because it's too small I Tried to put it back together. That's the problem. It's a red full leather skirt Very nice Now I should have known that this mug wasn't gonna fit it said 33 Inches and I'm not in same waist, but this is not a 33 guys I don't it looks like it would fit And I'm not gonna say that it didn't fit around the waist. It's just too tight It's really nice though Very very nice now. Here's the issue. You see this little split in the front This joint is super high like Super high, you know, and this is for the front not even the back if it was the back You know, but we'll show and if the front, you know, we're showing up there But it's really really cute. I wish it was bigger because It definitely would have been a win for my closet my wardrobe So this is going back and we're gonna put that away And then I got the source unknown Infamous sweater they came out with a white color It's kind of giving me like ivory and I'll show you guys this as well the first person I saw what this sweater was a Lea's face and then now Monroe has like every color I believe and that's something that I would do if I like something I'm gonna probably buy it in all colors. But the thing about ordering this sweater. It's a little bit Different when it comes to like shipping it actually shipped kind of quick. So they'll tell you like Beginning of April middle of April second batch or third batch or something like that So it doesn't really give you a specific date, but it does give you around what time what week or Yeah, of the shipment. So I'll try this on for you guys as well and show you guys everything That I got that fish and this is shopping while tall guys. I already said this before I do not shop tall girl brands Not on purpose.  Well my whole life I've always made regular brands work for me So me going to a tall girl brand is not my first option because that's not how I shopped for my 40-something years of living, okay? So first for me is let me see what I can find at the mall online First online then the mall and then make it work for me. I'm gonna go to a tailor I'm gonna do all that stuff and you know what since I'm here. I'm actually gonna show you guys I'm gonna also try on the pants that I cut for my tailor I'll show this at the end of the video But remember I had these pants guys and I'll probably try to pop in a video of what they look like before These are from Zara And yes, they were high waters. I knew when I bought them purposely, but I had her come in and Tape her the pants and make them shorter. She's really good So I'll show you guys how these look on me when I get everything else on so Let's get some of the other pieces on and Kind of go from there. There shouldn't be a really long video But I wanted to show you guys what it is like shopping as a tall girl at regular brands and making things work for me I don't do a ton of hauls because I just kind of been like relaxing But I wanted to share all these things with you guys. So I'm gonna throw on the Frankie shop shirt probably By itself with some shorts. I don't know but I'll show you guys how long it is on My frame. All right, I'm gonna see if I can Turn my camera down a little bit more so you guys can see And I'm gonna step back as far as I can so This shirt is long Okay I'm six feet It is coming down here. The sleeves are long and it has shoulder pads guys. I'm gonna show you They're huge shoulder pads are huge I don't know. You can probably see them through it. The jeans are from Zara pants are from Zara actually I got them tailored because they was a little bit too Big around the waist Oh, yeah What you guys think I think this is cool Where it would like some shades or something. Let me throw in some shades And I can probably just I'm just grabbing stuff that's close to me um Which is this bag because I just had it on for video But Chill I really really do like the top So if you are shorter than me, it's going to be massive on you because even when I just put it down like this It's long. You guys know the Frankie shop any of their oversized things are going to be extremely oversized, okay And I've said that before And this is speaking as a six foot tall woman. They're regular stuff Like the skirt Don't necessarily fit us The denim skirt that I got from them is really nice, but it is Really snug around the waist and I thought this would be bigger because it was a 33 But it's just too fitted around the leg And the split is way too high in the top Um, but yeah, here's the shirt I love it. I love it. It's very chill. Like I said, wear it open because it's very massive Or if you wear it closed Do something stylish too. You could wear your sleeves up and stuff or that All right, let's get on the next piece But let me know what you guys think about this. Are you into like oversized things as a tall woman? Sometimes oversized things can look very masculine on us because we're already tall But we can do things like wear shorts. We can wear like shoes um pumps boots Even if you did wear sneakers, you can wear this as a dress Really really just get creative guys because the struggle is real for us and we have to figure out a way to Make things work for us as opposed to being frustrated because we can't find anything to fit our frame So let's get on the next piece and we good guys. All right, so I just threw on the skirt with the top from his place Um, I don't have any sneakers on right now, but it actually doesn't look bad with this top Now they say the skirt is one size fit all When they say that I sometimes don't really Believe it because elastic sometimes depending on the elastic It can be so tight that it turns into like a regular large. Um But I think it looks good. Can you see the bottom of the skirt? It has like these little Pocket looking things on it. I like it So those are the three items that I got from his shop the green dress the skirt and this top Also, let me show you real quick the Frankie shop shirt The shoulder pads Have a snap or you can't see it. So they come out. So that's perfect So if you didn't want to wear the shoulder pads One day you can take them out So that's a plus. What do you guys think? Think it fits pretty good for a tall girl You know, I'm not the biggest girl. So It kind of looks like It's cute I like it with the top I do I just need some more sneakers I wasn't gonna do like a high top, but I think I'm actually gonna do a flat Yeah, like a low top sneaker Um But really really nice What do you guys think? All right, so I'm going to get on the sweater Which is the last piece and then I'm going to the sun is like taking away the color I'm gonna have to um It's so sunny guys Let me turn it down just to smidge it I'm gonna get on the sweater last and that is a one size fit all so a good reference will be Um Aliyah's face She's not tall and Monroe. She's not tall either. I believe they're both Five six Or five five And then I'm six feet. So you'll see how it looks on them as opposed to me I don't even know how to like link a video. I'll maybe I'll try but Monroe She's been wearing them lately So you'll see her with it more so than you would see Aliyah's face. Um Yeah, so let me get on the sweater and let you guys see that but I definitely like how this looks Typically, I wouldn't tuck in like a leather top like this, but I think it looks good Yeah So let's get this on and then that and then I'll show you guys the pants that I got um tailored and show you guys how I just make the things work for me. So let's get these sweater on and come back All right guys, so I decided to put the pants on I'm gonna step back. I still don't have on any shoes but if you guys remember I bought those pants from Zara and they were probably like Right here at the ankle They were hard waters, but I wanted her to make these into like cargo pants And they came out good. She tapered the bottom for me. My plan is to wear them with some some red boots um Because it's like a greenish color So if someone who has the pants from Zara, they'll know them from Zara Uh, and then they'll probably say like, what did she do with her pants or whatever? But here's the sweater All right, so Monroe like I said, she's like five six I think she's five six and I think aliyah is the same height So you guys can see how it actually fits me on the website They'll have the sweater Like off the shoulder like this It seems a little bulky like that to me so you can kind of like play with the front of it I'm looking at a mirror Play with the front of it. It's a one size fit all sweater. That's why it can fit me And all the other girls so it's meant to be oversized So what y'all think? The sweater is about 168. Is it worth the 168? As far as style, yes Um, the sweater is okay. It's not like Super fabulous. I have sweaters that are like Top tier Top tier, but this is nice. The style is different Again when you order them it's like Beginning of April first batch second batch third batch things like that If you're interested, I am gonna link this below. I'm gonna link the Zara pants again For you guys, I don't know if I linked them before but I am gonna link them But again, they do not come like this I had my lady go ahead and Chop them up. Okay Oh But that's all I have for you guys today in this video quick little haul so things from the frankie shop Things from eluxet the boutique in perimeter mall And what else? Was that it? I think that was it. Oh And the sweater sourced unknown guys So I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Hopefully it's not too long But if you stay to the end of this video, please comment Coco we see you and guys don't forget to follow me on instagram my coco styles nyc And coco styles and why and my personal style blog pop that in coco styles nyc And my style services coco styles ny.com and i'm on Tickety tickety talk coco styles nyc guys and I will catch you guys in The next one. Bye guys


Hey, everybody, welcome back to Magic Orthodoxy. My name's David, and this is a top 10. All right, so today we're going to look at the top decks that fit the SW Erdnay's theme. You know, right now, people are talking about expert at the card table, and that's great. It's great that people are talking about that. It's a great book. It's a very advanced book. If you're a beginner in card magic, you're just starting out, even if you've only been doing this for a couple of months. If magicians are trying to cram expert at the card table down your throat, don't listen. There are easier books out there. Please don't start with this book. It's very advanced. You probably need to have quite a bit of skill before you're going to be able to do some of the moves in this. Of course, people always talk about it like it's the end all, end all. And like I said in my other video, people rush out and buy it because they hear it's the best. But it's a very difficult book, both in moves and in language, just in reading it. There are not even a lot of pictures in it. So again, like I said, it's an advanced book. Just know that going in. But there are a lot of decks of cards, a lot of decks of cards that have been devoted to this theme of SW Erdneis and the expert at the card table. So I thought we'd look at a couple of those right now. All right, coming in at number seven. Number seven, I thought you said this was a top 10. Well, yeah, it is a top 10. But I only have seven of these decks. So it's really a top seven. Okay, then why don't you just call it a top seven at the beginning? Why'd you call it a top 10? Because nobody searches YouTube for top seven lists. Everyone searches for top 10. So it's gotta be a top 10. But you just said you only have seven decks.  Coming in at number seven, the Madison Dealers. All right, so this is not really an Erdneis deck. It's not. It doesn't have an Erdneis theme, but it was released as being printed in Erdneis Green. Okay, Madison released this along with Illusionist and said this was an Erdneis color, okay? But there really isn't anything else Erdneis besides that, but thought it was worth a mention. It does have a casino deck back, which means the image goes all the way to the edges. So it makes it a really good deck for the moves that would be in the expert at the card table. So it has more of a gambling feel. And these are marked cards. It does have Madison courts, a double backer, dead crow jokers and an ad card. Number six, the Smithback from Conjuring Arts Research Center. The back design on this is a repeated illustration from the book. So it's one of the figures and it's just repeated multiple times to make it appear to have a casino back. It does have very vintage looking courts, which is cool. And the ad card, both of them are a little bit more about the book. So it kind of does introduce you to the book. And then the jokers are supposedly Erdneis sitting at his table. Number five, the Erdneisium deck from Conjuring Arts Research Center and Dan and Dave. All right, this was a collaboration between these two groups. And Bill Kaluush from Conjuring Arts Research Center was kind of like the spearhead behind this. And it was created for the Erdneisium event that was held in Montana back in August of 2011. Now the back design logo is an Amagram of SW Erdneis which means it looks like SW Erdneis one direction but if you flip the card over you'll see that it spells out W.E. Sanders which is a possible candidate for who Erdneis might have been. The overall back design is commonly referred to as the B wormback and it does have traditional B faces with vintage courts. Number four, the SW E deck from Daniel Madison and illusionist.com. All right, so this is a typical Madison illusionist collaboration. The box design is all done in the Erdneis green and it has a lot of cool Erdneis graphics. It has have Madison courts, which you would expect from a Madison deck. It comes with a double backer. The jokers are from figure number 25, which is in the book. The ace of spades is nice and big and it has text from the book in the shadow of it and it comes with a dealer's card. Number three, the 1902 green acorn deck from Conringard's research center. This is a cool addition of the Erdneis playing card series because it has white borders and has a green acorn back design that was designed by Guy Hollingworth. It does have vintage courts. The ad cards do contain the about the book cards and again, you're gonna see the Erdneis at the table jokers. It's printed on exclusive B casino stock and it has magic finish and it does have a traditional cut, which people that do table ferros and a lot of the moves an expert at the card table would appreciate. Number two, the Erdneis 216 deck from Conringard's research center. With this deck, this was a really cool project because they were trying to reproduce a century old B design that's believed to be the possible deck that served as the artist model and what the illustrator used when he drew the original book. So it's due to the similarity in appearance between what the book sketches look like and the deck's back design. So using those two things, Conringard's designed this deck to hopefully recreate a deck that maybe never even existed. So it's possible, we don't know. It does have full B faces, B asus spades and the paper stock is incredibly, incredibly thin and I don't even know if they've ever made a deck that felt like this or handles like this ever again. And number one, the magic apple expert at the card table deck. This deck is the original Erdneis deck and that's why we're putting it at number one. This was designed as a collaboration between the magic apple and Dan and Dave. There's two versions of this deck. The box looks exactly like the book. It's meant to look like the book from the sides of the cover and has a casino diamond back design with a poker border. And again, you're gonna see the acorn jokers, the acorn asus spades. You're gonna get two ad cards and the two ad cards again are trying to make it look like the book like if you were to turn the pages of the cards, the two ad cards would be the front page of the book and the preface of the book. So it's really cool and it's probably my favorite expert at the card table deck. All right, so there you have it. My top 10. All right, so there you have it. My top seven Erdneis decks and just a little bit of a closer look about them. I'll stick all their past reviews that I've done for this in the description below and I'll see you guys next time. Thanks, bye.


The Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China, was filled with layers of evaporite and hydrite and halite during the Paleogene period, particularly during the middle of the fourth member of the Shahiji formation, ES4. These layers are interbedded with mudstone strata. The strata of ES4 are divided into three sections, referred to as the upper layers, evaporite layers, and lower layers, respectively. The analysis of elemental concentrations, elemental ratios, and PR slash pH suggests that the lower layers were deposited in an intermittent saline lake environment within a relatively dry climate. Evaporite layers were formed in a highly saline lake environment, whereas the upper layers were formed in a brackish saline to freshwater environment. Organic matter, OM, abundance indices, including total organic carbon, TOC, chloroform extracts, total hydrocarbon content, HC, hydrocarbon generation potential, S1 plus S2, and OM type, show that the source rock potential for petroleum generation in the upper layers is best, that in the evaporite layers is fair. This article was authored by Yongchen, Yun Han, Pengfei Zhang, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Hello and welcome to this presentation of the STM32L4 Digital to Analog Converter. All the features of this analog block will be presented, which are used to convert digital signals to analog voltages which can interface with the external world. The Digital to Analog Converter on STM32L products ensures the conversion of 8 or 12-bit digital data to the analog voltage. Two DAC modules are embedded in the STM32L4 devices, except on STM32L45X46X devices, where only one DAC is implemented. A low-power sample and hold mode is also integrated. The DAC can interface with external pots or bias circuitry. It can also create voice and arbitrary signals. The Digital to Analog Converter inside STM32L4 products offers simple digital to analog conversion in an 8 or 12-bit mode. 10-bit monotonicity is guaranteed. The DAC output can have a low impedance buffer to drive external loads. Its sample and hold mode can reduce power consumption significantly. Two DACs can be synchronized with each other. The input data can be transferred by DMA, which offloads the CPU. The DAC output data can be updated by a timer or an external trigger, as well as a software trigger. It also integrates small logic to generate noise waves as well as triangle waves. Here you can see the simplified block diagram of the Digital to Analog Converter. The STM32L4 integrates two of them, except on STM32L45X46X devices, where only one DAC is implemented. The DAC output can be buffered for low impedance loads. When unbuffered, the output is directly connected to the R2R resistor ladder network type of DAC. The DAC can support different input formats. In 8-bit mode, it's a right-aligned 8-bit data format. In dual channel mode, it's an 8-bit plus 8-bit data format in order to provide input data for two DACs simultaneously. In 12-bit mode, either a right or left-aligned mode can be used for input data. DAC output conversion is started by writing to the data hold register by software. Six different timer outputs and external IO or software can trigger the DAC conversion. The Digital to Analog Converter has a sample and hold mode feature. The DAC can work intermittently, charge the external or internal capacitor, and be powered down while the output voltage is kept on the hold capacitor. After a certain period, the DAC is powered back on again and recharges the hold capacitor. By doing so, the DAC is only active during very low-duty cycles, resulting in very low power consumption. The duty cycle program is very flexible and autonomous. The DAC digital interface integrates two special signal generators. The linear feedback shift register can create the noise signal for the DAC input. Each trigger updates the DAC output data by an LFSR block. The up-down counter with a programmable count value can create triangle wave data which can update the DAC output data. The data can also be updated by a trigger signal. The DAC can also create DMA requests from the trigger signal. Once a trigger is detected, the data hold register value is then transferred to the data output register. Then the DMA request is generated to obtain the new data for the data hold register. As the update of the output data register is initiated directly by the trigger signal, the DAC output signal will not have jitter, so that it can create a stable sampling time signal output, making it easy to filter out the sampling frequency. The DAC can generate a DMA underrun interrupt. To transfer data from memory, a DMA request can be generated. The digital to analog converter is active in the following low power modes. Run, sleep, low power run, low power sleep, stop 0 and stop 1. In stop 2 mode, the DAC is not available, but the content of its registers is kept. In standby or shutdown modes, the DAC is powered down and it must be reinitialized afterwards. The following table shows some performance parameters for the digital to analog converter. The DAC can work between 1.8 and 3.6 volts. 10-bit monotonicity is guaranteed. Power consumption is 185 microamps when the buffer is enabled and 155 microamps when the buffer is disabled. By using sample and hold mode, the current consumption can be drastically reduced. Depending on the condition and the hold capacitor characteristics, less than 1 microamp current consumption is possible for this mode. The DAC buffered output has a settling time of 1.8 microseconds with 5 kilo ohms and 50 pf load. The DAC can handle a sampling rate of 1 mega-sample per second. When using external components, it can support up to 10 mega-samples per second. This is described in detail in application note AN4566. This is a list of peripherals related to the DAC. Please refer to these peripheral trainings for more information if needed. Application notes dedicated to DAC topics are also available.


Affirm, no LZ. No LZ, we'll just stay with you. We'll plant this approach for this, or plant low approach for this one to stay in the tower and then take up a radar after that. Copy. Once he gets his intentions, then we'll see what's up. Yeah. Yeah. He's just going to wait till he's had a critical phase of flight. Yeah. It's going to hurt you for what one's saying. Intentions. Taxing onto the landing zone. Got it? I just told him that he's taxing off of the... Okay. So one of that should be Charlie LZ. If you're having trouble with visibility, you can always taxi down to Alpha and we can find you a parking spot as well. Just can't have you hold non-Alpha because we will have a departure here shortly.


Hello! Welcome to How Convolutional Neural Networks Work. Convolutional Neural Networks, or ConvNets, or CNNs, can do some pretty cool things.  And then because they're a multi-layer neural network, that's how it gets learned. The first layer, the second layer, are things that are recognizable as eyes, noses, mouths. And the third layer are things that look like faces.  And then higher up, you get things that look like tires and wheel wells and hoods. And at a level above that, things that are clearly identifiable as cars. CNNs can even learn to play video games by forming patterns of the pixels as they appear on the screen and learning what is the best action to take when it sees a certain pattern. A CNN can learn to play video games, in some cases, far better than a human ever could. Not only that, if you take a couple of CNNs and have them set to watching YouTube videos, one can learn objects by, again, picking out patterns, and the other one can learn types of grasps. This, then, coupled with some other execution software, can let a robot learn to cook just by watching YouTube. So there's no doubt CNNs are powerful. Usually, when we talk about them, we do so in the same way we might talk about magic. But they're not magic. What they do is based on some pretty basic ideas applied in a clever way. So to illustrate these, we'll talk about a very simple toy convolutional neural network. What this one does is takes in an image, a two-dimensional ray of pixels. You can think of it as a checkerboard, and each square on the checkerboard is either light or dark. And then, by looking at that, the CNN decides whether it's a picture of an X or of an O. So, for instance, on top there, we see an image with an X drawn in white pixels on a black background. And we would like to identify this as an X. And the O, we'd like to identify as an O. So how a CNN does this has several steps in it. What makes it tricky is that the X is not exactly the same every time. The X or the O can be shifted. It can be bigger or smaller. It can be rotated a little bit, thicker or thinner. And in every case, we would still like to identify whether it's an X or an O. Now, the reason that this is challenging is because, for us, deciding whether these two things are similar is straightforward. We don't even have to think about it. For a computer, it's very hard.  Ones and minus ones.  And what it can do is go through pixel by pixel and compare whether they match or not. So to a computer, it looks like there are a lot of pixels that match, but some that don't. Quite a few that don't, actually. And so it might look at this and say, I'm really not sure whether these are the same. And so because a computer is so literal, it would say, I'm uncertain. I can't say that they're equal. Now, one of the tricks that convolutional neural networks use is to match parts of the image rather than the whole thing. So if you break it down into smaller parts or features, then it becomes much more clear whether these two things are similar. So examples of these little features are little mini-images. In this case, just three pixels by three pixels. The one on the left is a diagonal line, slanting downward from left to right. The one on the right is also a diagonal line, slanting in the other direction. And the one in the middle is a little x. These are little pieces of the bigger image. And you can see as we go through, if you choose the right feature and put it in the right place, it matches the image exactly. So okay, we have the bits and pieces. Now, to take a step deeper, the math behind matching these is called filtering. And the way this is done is a feature is lined up with the little patch of the image. And then one by one, the pixels are compared. They're multiplied by each other and then added up and divided by the total number of pixels. So to step through this, to see why it makes sense to do this, you can see starting in the upper left-hand pixel in both the feature and the image patch. Multiplying one by one gives you a one. And we can keep track of that by putting that in the position of the pixel that we're comparing. We step to the next one. Minus one times minus one is also a one. And we continue to step through pixel by pixel, multiplying them all by each other. And because they're always the same, the answer is always one. When we're done, we take all these ones and add them up and divide by nine. And the answer is one. So now we want to keep track of where that feature was in the image and we put a one there. Say when we put the feature here, we get a match of one. That is filtering. Now we can take that same feature and move it to another position and perform the filtering again. And we start with the same pattern, the first pixel matches the second pixel matches. The third pixel does not match. Minus one times one equals minus one. So we record that in our results. And we go through and do that through the rest of the image patch. And when we're done, we notice we have two minus ones this time. So we add up all the pixels to add up to five, divide by nine, and we get a point five five. So this is very different than our one. And we can record the point five five in that position where we were where it occurred. So by moving our filter around to different places in the image, we actually find different values for how well that filter matches or how well that feature is represented at that position. So this becomes a map of where the feature occurs. By moving it around to every possible position, we do convolution. That's just the repeated application of this feature, this filter over and over again. And what we get is a nice map across the whole image of where this feature occurs. And if we look at it, it makes sense. This feature is a diagonal line, slanted downward left to right, which matches the downward left to right diagonal of the X. So if we look at our filtered image, we see that all of the high numbers, ones and point seven sevens, are all right along that diagonal. That suggests that that feature matches along that diagonal much better than it does elsewhere in the image. To use a shorthand notation here, we'll do a little X with a circle in it to represent convolution, the act of trying every possible match, and we repeat that with other features. We can repeat that with our X filter in the middle and with our upwards slanting diagonal line in the bottom. And in each case, the map that we get of where that feature occurs is consistent with what we would expect based on what we know about the X and about where our features match.  A layer because it's an operation that we can stack with others as we'll show in a minute. In convolution, one image becomes a stack of filtered images. We get as many filtered images out as we have filters. So convolution layer is one trick that we have. The next big trick that we have is called pooling. This is how we shrink the image stack. And this is pretty straightforward. We start with the window size, usually two by two pixels or three by three pixels, and a stride, usually two pixels, just in practice, these work best. And then we take that window and walk it in strides across each of the filtered images. From each window, we take the maximum value. So to illustrate this, we start with our first filtered image. We have our two pixel by two pixel window. Within that pixel, the maximum value is one. So we track that and then move to our stride of two pixels. We move two pixels to the right and repeat. Out of that window, the maximum value is 0.33, et cetera, 0.55. When we get to the end, we have to be creative. We don't have all the pixels representative, so we take the max of what's there. And we continue doing this across the whole image. And when we're done, what we end up with is a similar pattern, but smaller. We can still see our high values are all on the diagonal. But instead of 7 by 7 pixels in our filtered image, we have a 4 by 4 pixel image. So it's half as big as it was about. This makes a lot of sense to do, if you can imagine, if instead of starting with a 9 by 9 pixel image, we had started with a 9,000 by 9,000 pixel image, shrinking it is convenient for working with it. It makes it smaller. The other thing it does is pooling doesn't care where in that window that maximum value occurs. So that makes it a little less sensitive to position. And the way this plays out is that if you're looking for a particular feature in an image, it can be a little to the left, a little to the right, maybe a little rotated, and it'll still get picked up. So we do max pooling with all of our stack of filtered images and get, in every case, smaller set of filtered images. Now, that's our second trick. Third trick, normalization. This is just a step to keep the math from blowing up and keep it from going to zero. All you do here is everywhere in your image that there is a negative value, change it to zero. So for instance, if we're looking back at our filtered image, we have these what are called rectified linear units. That's the little computational unit that does this. But all it does is steps through everywhere there's a negative value, change it to zero. Another negative value, change it to zero. By the time you're done, you have a very similar looking image except there's no negative values. They're just zeros. And we do this with all of our images. And this becomes another type of layer.  Now, what's really fun, the magic starts to happen here. When we take these layers, convolution layers, rectified linear unit layers and pooling layers, and we stack them up so that the output of one becomes the input of the next. You'll notice that what goes into each of these and what comes out of these looks like an array of pixels or an array of an array of pixels. And because of that, we can stack them nicely. We can use the output of one for the input of the next. And by stacking them, we get these operations building on top of each other. What's more, we can repeat the stacks. We can do deep stacking. You can imagine making a sandwich that is not just one patty and one slice of cheese and one lettuce and one tomato, but a whole bunch of layers, double, triple, quadruple, as many times as you want. Each time the image gets more filtered as it goes through convolution layers and it gets smaller as it goes through pooling layers. Now, the final layer in our toolbox is called a fully connected layer. Here, every value gets a vote on what the answer is going to be. So we take our now much filtered and much reduced in size stack of images. We break them out, we just rearrange and put them into a single list because it's easier to visualize that way. And then each of those connects to one of our answers that we're going to vote for. When we feed this in X, there will be certain values here that tend to be high. They tend to predict very strongly that this is going to be in X. They get a lot of vote for the X outcome. Similarly, when we feed in a picture of an O to our convolutional neural network, there are certain values here at the end that tend to be very high and tend to predict strongly when we're going to have an O at the end. So they get a lot of weight, a strong vote for the O category. Now when we get a new input and we don't know what it is and we want to decide the way this works is the input goes through all of our convolutional, our rectified linear unit, our pooling layers and comes out to the end here. We get a series of votes and then based on the weights that each value gets to vote with, we get a nice average vote at the end. In this case, this particular set of inputs votes for an X with a strength of 0.92 and an O with a strength of 0.51. So here definitely X is the winner and so the neural network would categorize this input as an X. So in a fully connected layer, a list of feature values becomes a list of votes. Now again, what's cool here is that a list of votes looks a whole lot like a list of feature values so you can use the output of one for the input of the next. And so you can have intermediate categories that aren't your final votes or sometimes these are called hidden units in a neural network and you can stack as many of these together as you want also. But in the end, they all end up voting for an X or an O and whoever gets the most votes wins. So if we put this all together, then a two-dimensional array of pixels in results in a set of votes for a category out at the far end. So there are some things that we have glossed over here. You might be asking yourself where all of the magic numbers come from. Things that I pulled out of thin air include the features in the convolutional layers, those convenient three-pixel by three-pixel diagonal lines at the X, also the voting weights in the fully connected layers. I really waved my hands about how those are obtained. In all these cases, the answer is the same. There is a trick called back propagation. All of these are learned. You don't have to know them. You don't have to guess them. The deep neural network does this on its own. So the underlying principle behind back propagation is that the error in the final answer is used to determine how much the network adjusts and changes. So in this case, if we knew we were putting in an X and we got a 0.92 vote for an X and that would be an error of 0.08 and we got a 0.51 vote for an O, we know that that would be an error of 0.49, actually an error of 0.51 because it should be zero, then if we add all that up, we get an error of what should be 0.59. So what happens with this error signal is it helps drive a process called gradient descent. If there is another bit of something that is pretty special sauce to deep neural networks, it is the ability to do gradient descent. So for each of these magic numbers, each of the feature pixels, each voting weight, they're adjusted up and down by a very small amount to see how the error changes. The amount that they're adjusted is determined by how big the error is. Large error, they're adjusted a lot. Small error, just a tiny bit. No error, they're not adjusted at all. You have the right answer, stop messing with it. As they're adjusted, you can think of that as sliding a ball slightly to the left and slightly to the right. On a hill, you want to find the direction where it goes downhill. You want to go down that slope, find the gradient to find the very bottom, because the bottom is where you have the very least error. That's your happy place. So after sliding it to the left and to the right, you find the downhill direction and you leave it there. Doing that many times over lots of iterations, lots of steps, helps all of these values across all the features and all of the weights settle in to what's called a minimum. At that point, the network is performing as well as it possibly can. If it adjusts any of those a little bit, its error will go up. Now there are some things called hyperparameters. These are knobs that the designer gets to turn, decisions the designer gets to make. These are not learned automatically. In convolution, figuring out how many features should be used, how big those features should be, how many pixels on a side. In the pooling layers, choosing the window size and the window stride. And in fully connected layers, choosing the number of hidden neurons, intermediate neurons. All of these things are decisions that the designer gets to make. Right now, there are some common practices that tend to work better than others, but there is no principled way. There is no hard and fast rules for the right way to do this. And in fact, a lot of the advances in convolutional neural networks are in getting combinations of these that work really well. Now in addition to this, there are other decisions the designer gets to make, like how many of each type of layer and in what order. And for those that really like to go off the rails, can we design new types of layers entirely and slip them in there and get new fun behaviors? These are all things that people are playing with to try to eke out more performance and address stickier problems with CNNs. Now what's really cool about these, we've been talking about images, but you can use any two dimensional or even for that matter, three or four dimensional data. But what's important is that in your data, things closer together are more closely related than things far away. What I mean by that is if you look at an image, two rows of pixels or two columns of pixels are right next to each other, they're more closely related than rows or columns that are far away. Now what you can do is you can take something like sound and you can chop it up into little time steps and for each piece of time, the time step right before and right after is more closely related than time steps that are far away and the order matters. You can also chop it up into different frequency bands. Bass, mid-range, treble, you can slice it a whole lot more finally than that. And again, those frequency bands are the ones closer together or more closely related and you can't rearrange them. The order matters. Once you do this with sound, it looks like a picture. It looks like an image and you can use convolutional neural networks with them. You can do something similar with text where the position in the sentence becomes the column and the row is words in a dictionary. In this case, it's hard to argue whether order matters, that order matters, it's hard to argue that words in a dictionary are that some are more closely related than others in all cases. And so the trick here is to take a window that spans the entire column, top to bottom, and then slide it left to right. That way it captures all of the words, but it only captures a few positions in the sentence at a time. Now, the other side of this limitation of convolutional neural networks is that they're really designed to capture local spatial patterns, spatial in the sense of things that are next to each other matter quite a bit. So if the data can't be made to look like an image, then they're not as useful. So an example of this is, say, some customer data. If I have each row, it's a separate customer, each column is a separate piece of information about that customer, such as their name, their address, what they bought, what websites they visited, then this doesn't so much look like a picture. I can take and rearrange those columns and rearrange those rows, and this still means the same thing. It's still equally easy to interpret. If I were to take an image and rearrange the columns and rearrange the rows, it would result in a scramble of pixels, and it would be difficult or impossible to say what the image was of. There I would lose a lot of information. So as a rule of thumb, if your data is just as useful after swapping out any of the columns for each other, then you can't use convolutional neural networks. So the take-home is that convolutional neural networks are great at finding patterns and using them to classify images. If you can make your problem look like finding cats on the internet, then they're a huge asset. If you'd like to continue your study of CNN, I would recommend looking at the notes from the Stanford Computer Science 231 course from Justin Johnson and Andre Karpathy. Also checking out the writings of Christopher Ola who is an exceptionally clear writer. And feel free to check out another presentation that I did, Deep Learning Demystified, talking about some of the properties of deep neural networks in general for someone who is new to the topic. If you'd like to dig even deeper and play with some of these, there's a variety of toolkits. They each have their strengths and weaknesses. I invite you to dig deep into them and learn all of them. Thanks for listening. Stay connected with me online and I would love to follow up with you.


As I was telling him, probably the guys that need this most are probably hung over in their hotel rooms or sitting down in the jail, one of the two. But no, we've probably got to mix crowd in here. Maybe some federal agents. They'll be ones frowning probably. So that might be a good way to pick them out. And my name is Steve Donker. I'm a college professor. I teach criminal justice and legal, paralegal. At Northeastern State University in a town called Talaquah, which is near Tulsa, Oklahoma. It's Indian country. And what I'm going to talk about today is something, even though the title is Hacker's Guide, this is something that everybody doesn't matter who you are, that it's good information you can use. And as far as law enforcement agents who are here don't frown at me too much, I think you're going to agree with everything I say. I think even the hackers who are here today are going to agree with everything I say. Let me start out by saying this. What this talk is really about is the Constitution of the United States and how important it is in our life every day. Let me give you a little bit of background about myself. I used to be a police officer as a police detective. I worked major K squad for a little while. I've invested everything from parking tickets to a couple murders. So I'm not anti-police as long as we're following the Constitution. I think you have a hard time finding any police officer who's going to say, I'm against the Constitution. There's only a handful of officers, in my opinion, who make everyone else look bad. In fact, they really irritate most good officers. But back to the Constitution. One thing we need to start right off and know about the Constitution is in fact that it's a tool that restrains the federal government and the state governments from doing certain acts against the public. And that's what it's for. It doesn't restrain the citizens. It restrains the federal government and the state governments. So that's what we're going to look at. So when I say agent, or officer, or police, keep in mind that's who we're talking about. We're not talking about the security guards who are riding their bicycles around the hotel today. We're not talking about any other private agency who's out there, private corporation, anything that they're not restrained by the Constitution, just the government. Let me give my PowerPoint to work here. These are four categories that an officer can step in and do what's called a stop. And we're going to go through these four categories. The first one has actually been in the news lately. And that's the voluntary stop. And those of you who are from New York, you've probably heard of this. This is where the officers are coming up to people on mass transit and asking to search their bags. This is what's known as a voluntary stop. They have the legal right to do that. An officer can come up to anyone at any time and ask to search. Now, the key is that you don't have to give them permission. You have the right to say yes or no. Now, there is obviously some... I'll get this right yet. There is some pressure, obviously. If a police officer comes up to you and asks you to look in your backpack. I'll tell you right now. 99% of the people in this room are going to say yes. And you've probably wondered when you watch TV and you hear news reports about... Actually, I was watching TV last night. If anyone else saw this, the news was on. Maybe I was the only one here who was actually in their motel room for the news at 10 o'clock. But actually, if you were, if you're an old middle-aged guy like me, I was in my room 10 o'clock watching the news. And it came on about a drug dealer. And what happened is the police, the local police, went to his house and they asked if they could come in. He said, yeah, sure. And once they came in, he voluntarily told them he had a bag of marijuana. Okay?  You think it'd be all right if we searched the rest of your house? And he says, yeah, sure. And so what happens then? Well, they find five individually packaged packages of methamphetamine. Okay? And then they find the sawed-off shotgun. Okay? Now you're wondering, what was that guy thinking? He must have been high, right? I mean, why else is he going to give permission? Well, there is some pressure. A lot of pressure on people. I went to law school. I'm an attorney. And two of my professors, one of them, she actually used to be a federal prosecutor. And obviously they're both attorneys. And just the fact that they are a law school professor means that they're pretty smart. Okay? Well, these two professors were on an airplane. I went to law school in Kansas City. They came back from the seminar. And they were stopped by two DEA agents in the airport. Okay? And they said, hi. Basically the DEA agents introduced herself and said, would you two mind coming with me to our office? We'd like to talk to you about your flight. Okay? Now, let's put it this way. Most of us, and there are no exception. The DEA shows up and says we want to talk to you about your flight. You fill a lot of pressure, right? But you think if anyone would know better, these two law professors would want to ex-federal prosecutor, and they're both members of the ACLU, they're going to know what their rights are. But in fact, they felt pressured. And in fact, they went back to the DEA office there at their airport. And they consented to a search. Now, trust me, these two women are no way drug dealers. And I'm just kind of suspicious of why they're even stopped. I was half wondering if they were stopped just so the federal agents could get their ratios down. In other words, they need two white women to add to their tally as far as who they've been stopping. If you stop too many people of one race, you can get yourself in trouble. But I don't know if that's what was going on. I have no way of knowing. But the fact is, these two women who should have known better did everything that DEA agents asked them to. Okay? So one thing we need to just remember, it's okay to say no, right? And no means no. Our next category is investigative stops. Investigative stops are probably what you guys are most used to. You're driving down the road and you get stopped by the police. Okay? An investigative stop requires that there's some type of reasonable suspicion. And this can be anything. I would say when I was a police officer, I've made thousands of stops. And out of those, I'd say 95% were probably just plain old investigative stops. Okay? Something was going on that piqued my interest in that car. The one thing I noticed over in the room, they're selling the little license plate borders. The one that says, I love war driving. Okay? If you put that on your car and you're waving a Pringle can out the window, that is reasonable suspicion to a police officer who has knowledge. Okay? Think about it. If you do that, you're just asking for trouble. Police officers, that's what they do. They drive around. It's their job. You know, they answer calls. And if they see anything suspicious, it's their job to stop you. Okay? So you've got to have a little bit of, you know, I guess if the vendor's here, he's going to get mad at me.  Okay? Let's talk about roadblocks for a second. And I actually, as a police officer, I was really, I hate roadblocks. I think it probably has to do with the fact that when I was younger, you know, back in my time, they had all the war movies involving Nazis. And the Nazis, the bad guys, always had the roadblock, right? You know, your papers, please. And even when I was a police officer, I refused to participate in roadblocks.  It's not like they, oh, Dunker's not going to do it. Let's shut down the roadblock. But they're out there. And I'm going to cover, I mean, some of the more common ones that you need to be aware of. Probably the most common one is DWI roadblock. DWI roadblocks, or DUI roadblocks, drunk driving roadblocks. All kinds of terminology is being used. They are valid as long as the procedure that is followed, procedure is followed. That is set down by the United States Supreme Court. And for you, as you come up for the roadblock, that procedure at that point in time doesn't really matter to you. What matters to you is if you get arrested. And then you can have your attorney examine the procedure to make sure they're following. And just a little side note, what are those procedures? Well, they have to publish it in the newspaper. There's a good reason.  DWI roadblocks are probably the one that most people support. There are a lot of people injured and killed by drunks. And that is probably something that needs to be cut down or something that needs to be cut down. But we have other types of roadblocks. Driver's license, registration, and insurance checkpoints. Have you ever been through one of those? Flame felon checkpoints, crime witness checkpoints. These are the type of checkpoints that we saw with the DC snipers. The guys were shooting up the place. And one of the responses law enforcement had was to put up roadblocks. Now none of us are snipers here today. But you can still get yourself in trouble with a roadblock.  What's going to happen to you? Do they let you go? Now, if you pull up to a roadblock, that's for some reason.  They're looking for poachers. And you pull up there and you have some other violation. Smoking grass or whatever, they're going to take you in. So be aware that most roadblocks are valid. There's not a whole lot you can say or do about them. And you can't depend on getting out of trouble by pleading some sort of unconstitutional issue with a roadblock because most of them are illegal and you're going to have to bite the bullet. All right, what can an officer legally arrest the individual? Well, you have to have what's called probable cause. Probable cause, as you can read there, exists when there's enough facts and circumstances to lead police officers in the light of their experience to the reasonable belief that a person has committed or is committing or is about to commit a crime. Now if we go back to our war driving example, you got the license plate. You got some contraption that actually looks like a Pringle can, right? And you're waving it out the window and there is a laptop in your possession. Now I'll tell you right now, in my experience, most police officers actually won't even know what you're doing. But if you run into one who actually realizes what's going on, is that probable cause? Well, when you read the statement, it sure is. They're going to be able to at least search your car. Now the big question some of you have right away, how do they know I'm war driving? Just because I have a laptop and a Pringle contraption, right? Is this officer going to start rummaging around on my laptop, trying to figure out if I broke into a network? The answer is no, unless they're in an experience. I don't know if someone doesn't know what they're doing, might try to get in your laptop. The chances are you're least going to be searched. You're least going to be stopped. Are you going to be arrested? Maybe. Depends on the expertise of the officer. But if we transfer it to something else, let's say you're with your friends, you're driving on the road, and one of the four in the car is drinking a beer. You get pulled over for speeding. The officer comes up, wants to see the driver's license, insurance, and notices a can of beer which someone threw underneath the seat and is now leaking all over the floor mat. I don't know if you've been there. They'll hide the beer, hide the beer. It's the cops. Does the officer even have to see the can? There's no. All he has to do is smell and take a look. Yep, that looks like beer to me. Smells like beer. And we have a whole new game. That officer has enough reasonable suspicion, at least probably on the way to probable cause, to get everyone out of the car. And it is constitutional to get everyone out of the car. You line them up on the side of the road, and you start questioning it. They take the can of beer out from the car, and they find out everybody in the car is a minor. Who can they arrest? There's only one can of beer. They can arrest everybody, believe it or not. Minor possession. Now, there's no warrant required, unless usually you're in your home. If you're in your home, the general rule is you're going to have to have a warrant to arrest that person, unless there's some kind of circumstances that negates that. If we talk about searches real quick, Consent Search is what we started off this talk about. And we're going to go through some ones that you may have some questions about. The Consent Search of a person is nothing more than asking somebody, you're the police officer, and you go, can I search you? And if you say yes, then that's a Consent Search.  What if you're 16 years old and the police want to search you? Well, believe it or not, in some states, your parents can give them the right to search you. Search property, an auto or a building. Well, you have to have legal control over that property or building to search it. Well, what does that mean? Well, that means that you legally control that property. Well, can your landlord give consent to search your house? And the answer is, no. The landlord cannot give the police the authority to search your house. Now, the same thing for the hotel manager, which may make a couple of you here feel better today because the hotel room is safe and secure, even if the hotel manager shows up with the police outside your room, if they don't have a warrant, that hotel manager cannot let them in. The maid cannot let anybody in. But what if you got a roommate? Some of you may be sharing your hotel room with 12 other people. Okay? Anyone who has a legal right to be in that room could actually give the consent for the police to come in and search your rooms. So hopefully you know your friends. Some of you are young enough. You may be still living at home. Can they give consent to search the home? And the answer is generally, yes. They can search anywhere in your home that your parents have control over. Now, every once in a while, you see a younger person who takes extreme examples. They'll put padlocks out on their door to their bedroom as if they're exerting control over that room. And I haven't yet seen a case on that, but that's certainly one way to establish that you alone have domain over your bedroom. So if you're going to be out there and want to exert domain, I guess, we'll say over your own particular room, you better make sure that no one else in that house has the ability to get in there. And that includes, you know, if you're living at home and you have a maid service, mom, and she comes in and cleans your room every day, you do not have sole possession of that bedroom, okay? Roommates keep behind your roommates. That includes husbands, wives, girlfriends, boyfriends. They can give consent even if you're not there, right? If law enforcement has a warrant, you got to let them in. It's even a line out of an old song, I think. If they show up outside your house with a warrant, you better let them in. They will not wait while you call your attorney. If you answer the door and say, I'm going to call my attorney and slam the door in their face, their next move is to kick the door in, okay? Let's talk about warrants just for a second, because we see this portrayed in the media. The typical way to serve a warrant, believe it or not, is they show up at your house and they knock on your door, they answer your door and they say, hi, we're from ex-police agency. We got a warrant, we want to search your house. None of the SWAT team stuff that we see on TV, we don't have any type of flash bang grenades going off unless you're really a big desperado. Usually it's very benign and boring. They just knock on your door, hand you a copy of the warrant. One guy talks to you while everyone else does the search. Okay? And if you ever run into the position where they're going to search your house, that's probably what's going to happen to you. The question is, how are warrants given out? Well, basically it works like this. They have to have someone come testify before a judge as for the reasons for the warrant. Well, what do you need to get a warrant? Well, you have to establish probable cause that some kind of crime is going on. Okay? So you get someone in there saying yes, in our particular case, let's use drugs as an example. We have, and this is a very typical way it happens, we have someone who gets mad at somebody else and they go to the police and they say, you know what, Bob has a pound of marijuana in the house right now. Okay? So what's the police, what's their first move? Well, they have to establish that that witness is credible. Okay? And they do that in a variety of ways, which would bore you if I told you. And the next move is to get them to sign an affidavit and they go over in front of a judge with a prosecutor and they raise their right hand and they swear to the facts that they told the police. It's obviously better if you have two witnesses as opposed to one. And the judge will decide if in fact there is probable cause and if there is a probable cause, the judge will issue a warrant. Now the problem that you may see right away is, let's say the girlfriend is the one who got mad and turned in, her boyfriend is selling marijuana. Marijuana moves rather quickly around the marketplace and there's a problem with that marijuana. It might be gone even as this warrant is being signed and the courts recognize this and so we have to have a fresh warrant. You can't hang on to that warrant for a week and serve it. Once you get a warrant issued by a judge, law enforcement is going to move pretty quick because there is a defense that they didn't move quick enough and the warrant got still. And so law enforcement will move pretty quick. They'll go over to the house. If there's any type of dangerous activity involving other supposedly guns, they might bring the SWAT team, but usually it's just simple knock. Knock on the door, which is a requirement. Now sometimes it is like you see in the movies, they knock and then they kick the door. But most of the time they'll wait for someone to answer. In my experience, it's more often they'll wait for someone to come home and as that person is approaching the front door, the cops will swoop in and say, oh by the way we got a warrant, we're going to go in with you. Got another question. The question is how the Patriot changed the process of acquiring this and serving a warrant. The EFF is coming on after me and I don't want to steal any of their thunder. And I'm going to let you ask them that question because they're up to date on all this new stuff. Not that I am none. It's just, I don't want to mad at me. All right, let's talk about different types of search and that's plain view, plain smell and plain here. This is one that gets a lot of you in trouble. This is the one that we may see in our life. If you are involved in some time that activity that you're not supposed to be in a police officer, sees it, hears it or smells it, that gives them probable cause to go in and do a search. And the most common one, when I was a police officer, the most common one I searched on was just marijuana. There's a problem with people who smoke marijuana and that one of those is, I think their sense of smell diminishes. And a lot of people don't realize that you just wreak a marijuana.  I mean, it's kind of obvious to everybody, except for the person who stopped, that marijuana use is going on. Well, if the police officer notices that, that gives them the right to do a search. And that's taken into consideration. Emergency circumstances, usually when we go to search a house, we don't see how house search, unless there's some kind of warrant. Now the one exception to that is going to be emergency circumstances. And that's where the police can establish that if they don't go in right then and there, something's going to happen. There's some type of danger. The suspect is going to get away. Use your imagination. And in those areas, the house can be searched as required to secure the evidence or to secure the suspect. I think one of the last emergency searches I did, and this is along the lines of the most common, I remember going down to apartment complex and I heard some screaming inside a house.  And I actually knocked on the door a little bit. And for some reason, I didn't answer.  And I kicked the door in and went in. I ended up arresting one person. He's a man beating his wife. Well, the fact that I kicked the door and went into the apartment falls under this category emergency search. If I didn't do it, there's no way for me to go get a warrant. It was something that had to be done right then and there. And that falls under the category emergency circumstances. This is a frisk. This is probably something that you're going to see a lot on television, you know, the old Frisk and Dan old type thing. If we go back to how this frisk very, when it first showed up, the frisk is nothing more than a pat down for weapons. And once again, the police officer just can't do this. The officer just can't show up and say, you know what, I'm going to search you for weapons. They have to have what's called reasonable suspicion. And then the very first case where the Supreme Court decided that this was legal is a really good example of how this is done. And what happened in that example was there was a guy who was hanging around outside a jewelry store. And it was summertime and he's wearing a coat. Not that anyone at this convention would do that.  That person, by the way, if that's you, you're begging to be searched by the next cop that sees you. But it's hot out, the guys wearing a coat, and he's just kind of fidgeting outside a jewelry store. Well, the police officer, an undercover police officer, saw that and he went over with the idea that man is about to rob the jewelry store. And in fact he was. When he went over and patted down that suspect, he found a weapon in the man's pocket and he retrieved the weapon and arrested him. And that can happen to you. If there's any type of reasonable suspicion that you're giving off that you may have a weapon, it can happen to you. Well, you say to yourself, well, what kind of reasonable suspicion would that be? Anyway, how can it happen to you? Well, I already mentioned our trench coat friends today, all right? If you're walking around Vegas in a trench coat, it's obviously going to happen to you. If we go to the case in Britain that we saw about what, 10 days ago, the guys wearing heavy sweater or coat, he's on the subway, obviously had bombings, did not respond to the police. He ends up getting shot over a very same scenario, right? He runs onto the train, the British police fire five rounds into his body and he dies. Turns out he's innocent, okay? Now, what he was doing wearing a heavy sweater and coat in the middle of summer, why he wouldn't respond to the police, I guess we'll never know. But I'd venture that 99% of you would probably do the same thing. They just thought he was a bomber. They thought he had explosives on underneath. And like I said, we'll never know why he did that. What we're looking for is a weapon and we're not usually allowed to pull out other things out of the pocket of the coat if we frisk them and we don't find an obvious weapon, a gun or knife, then what do we do if we have something else that we believe is contraband? What if we frisk this guy and sure, it's not a gun or knife, but it feels like a bag of marijuana? Well, that's a good question. Most of you probably answer, we'll just take the bag of marijuana. In fact, that's what most police officers do. If they can fill it and they have reasonable belief that's marijuana, they'll end up confiscating it. Now, how do they get that reasonable belief? I mean, what do they do? How do they get it?  What's the next question out of that cop's mouth? What is this in your pocket? Believe it or not, most people say, yeah, you got me, that's marijuana. That is a confession. Search incident to arrest. Anytime you're arrested, the police have the right to search your surroundings. Okay? They can search you. They can search your car if you're in your car. They can search your house if you're in your house. Now, what are they looking for? Well, case law says that they're looking for weapons. You say, well, this is a protective ruling. In other words, a police are issued this ruling by the Supreme Court. It's the idea that it's for their protection and it's for the protection of the suspect. And one interesting factor is this, you can even handcuff the suspect, have them handcuffed. You can have them down on their knees. They are in total control. They could be surrounded by five great, big, huge police officers. There's no way for that guy to get away or to cause any type of damage and the police still have a right to search the immediate surrounding area, okay? On this idea that it's for protection, okay? You also may perform what's called protective sweep. If you're arrested in the living room of your friend's house, okay? The police have a right to walk through the rest of the house for their own protection. And that means that they can search anywhere that a human can be hiding, okay? So if you're arrested in the living room, the cop can walk through the back bedrooms with the bed, can open the closet, anywhere that a police officer can reasonably believe a suspect might be hiding, okay? I even remember searching the attic crawl space one time because we had reasonable belief that someone, there's marks on the wall and the trap door was over the side, we searched a crawl space. This is some of you guys' greatest fear and that's body searches. When can they search intimate places of your body? Well, the answer varies depending on your location, okay? If you're in prison, I mean, just forget about it.  What if you got something in your mouth? Can they force you to open your mouth? You're out on the street.   Some of you guys, who the hell's Vic Mackie? Okay, great TV show. Side note, real police work is 50% The Shield and 50% Reno 911, okay? That is the honest truth. Ask any cop and if they're truthful, they'll tell you, yeah? Cross between Mackie and Dangle. Now, we see this on TV shows because it does make good drama.  They wanna dig the bullet out of your arm. The answer is, we're gonna have to get a court order. We're gonna have to go to the judge and say, judge, we need a court order. And the judge's gonna look at various things, you know, the extent of the crime, that type of stuff. Abandoned property, this is something that gets a lot of people in trouble. I have, as a police officer, I stole lots of trash, okay? As soon as you put your trash out to the curb, the police can show up, pick your trash up, and go through it. Now, I know some of you guys have probably heard of this technique, right? I mean, not that you guys would ever do it yourself, okay?  And I had to think about it for a second. I said, the first question is, why would you want to steal their trash? Well, he was in the business of selling computers, and that was back in the day when you could actually make some money doing that, okay? And he was, I had a local competitor, and I actually had two or three of them, and every couple, well, you do it twice a week because trash pickup was twice a week, and what he did is he'd go over to their dumpster, and he'd go in and steal their trash, and his competitors did not shred, okay? And so, for about two years, he knew when the time came up to put in bids on big projects like at the college or, you know, the city's buying 150 new computers, he'd go over and he'd steal the trash, and he'd see the rough drafts for their bids, and he always came in. He never lost one contract because he stole their trash, and he'd say his competitors went out of business, and before the computer sales crashed, he sold his business for a million dollars. Now, unfortunately, he didn't give his attorney any, but a good example why you need to shred your trash because there's not just the police, but a business competitor's going to steal your trash, and it's legal. Student searches. Most of you guys are probably pretty familiar with this yourself.  They can sniff your locker. They can open your locker. Now, some schools have actually banned backpacks just for the reason that if there's a backpack in that locker, it makes it a lot more difficult for the police to do a thorough search because you can't open the backpack. And so we see some schools saying, you know what, no more backpacks. That way when they open their locker, there's nothing to impede the search by school officials or by the police. College. A warrant is required. If you're living on a dorm room, a warrant is required before they can enter your dorm room and do a search unless they come up with some sort of safety or health reason. Got some questions? Yeah, the question was back in high school, they're running a dog through the hallways and the dog alerts on a locker for drugs. Yes, that gives them probable cause to open that locker. And even if there's a backpack in there, they can go ahead and open that. And, you know, we're going to do dog searches here in a minute. The question was, do the searches at the high school level apply to both public and private? The answer is yes. And the reason is this. You know, we're looking at who is doing the searches. It is the police department coming in, which is the government, so we're looking at constitutional issues. Now, the fact that a private school, I assume, is the main reason for the question. If a private school asks the police department to come in, you know, that's all that's needed, a good invitation. Now, police just can't show up at a private school and start doing searches. I mean, they've got to have permission, just like everyone else. Okay, he wants to steal his competitor's trash. That is not on the curb, but is close up by the building, I assume. Okay. I'll put it this way. Government agencies cannot go up next to a house and steal the trash. Private individuals, can you go up to your competitor and steal their trash? It's sitting up against the wall of their house. The answer is I want to do it. I assume they never put it out by the curb. I mean, the idea is what we're talking about is abandoned property. They have to abandon their property.  And the trash man says, yeah, that sounds like a great idea. That's totally legal, in my opinion. But once again, I'm an attorney in one state and there's 49 more out there, so I, you know, operate on your own, you know, I ask your attorney in your area. Okay. The dumpsters. The thing about dumpsters is they're usually located at the edge of the property anyway.  It's one of those things you have to see to make a determination. But if it's obviously on the edge of the property, I mean, you're going to be able to do it. The big question once again is, is it abandoned? Okay. Once you throw out trash, it's abandoned. But if you regain control over it, that's why you actually see some businesses with locks on their dumpsters.  That type of stuff.  Another question. The question is, if you're on their property, the edge of the property, dumpster diving, private security shows up, are you obligated to leave? You know, there's no reason for a confrontation because they can't be everywhere all the time, right?  I'm just saying. It's best not to have a confrontation. I mean, leave.  Anything else? Yes. You guys are really into this trash, aren't you? I'm just going to give a talk next year just on trash. The question was, if the dumpster is on public property, let's say the city of Las Vegas has a dumpster outside City Hall, is it legal to go onto that property and get in the dumpster, okay? I guess the main thing that you need to understand is when you're going out there dumpster diving, okay? Sorry, I just didn't think I'd spend 10 minutes on dumpster diving. If you're out there dumpster diving, the big question you have to ask yourself, has this been abandoned? Would a reasonable person say, the contents of this dumpster is abandoned, okay? And that's going to have all the stuff we talked about. Is it on the edge of the property? Is it clear that it's been thrown away? You know, there's no locks on the dumpster. And so the answer to your question is, you know, you're going to have to answer that yourself. I mean, you know, if it's up under the loading dock, you know, of City Hall, I'd stay away from it. But, you know, if it's out the curb, you know, it's a free game, okay? Any other questions? Yes, sir. I can't hear you. You're at the library, and you happen to find various files, okay? Once again, I'm going to defer to the EFF. I mean, they're electronic experts. I'm more of the, I don't know, if the EFF's here, don't get mad. I'm more of the real life. If you're walking down the road and you're stopped by the police, I can help you there, but, you know, when you get into the electronic arena, I'm not going to touch that because they're the experts, I'm not. All right, what happens if you get frisk and there's a bottle on you? And in that bottle, we're similar in beer or something, right? Oh, a medicine bottle. A pill bottle. Okay, I'm sorry. Okay, what happens if they find a pill bottle in your pocket? Can they pull that out? And the answer is no. I mean, just because they felt that prescription bottle in your pocket doesn't give them the right. If all they're doing is frisking for weapons, a pill bottle's not a weapon, okay? Now, the next question out of their mouth is, what's in the pill bottle, okay? And we'll take it from there. I mean, what happens from that point forward?  A dog has a right to be anywhere a police officer does. So just because they have a dog doesn't mean that, you know, there's a special rule. Usually, a rule is just tied in. Does the officer have the right to be there or not? Let's talk about cordless phones for a second, because I saw this happen. My office, when I was on the anti-crime unit, they didn't have any place to put us, so they stuck us in with the drug officers. And probably the one neatest thing I saw, at least from a police standpoint, was they had a big drug dealer in town. The drug dealer was using a cordless phone, okay? And basically, the officers rented the house across the street and got a scanner and listened in on all the cordless phone conversations. Well, what happened is the bad guy's cordless phone went out, it broke. And how they realized was, you know, they stopped hearing the phone conversations and when they stole the trash, they found the broken cordless phone in the trash. And so they were at a dilemma, because this was really good intelligence they were gathering and they didn't even know what to do. And so they had the local printer print up a little brochure and they sent it to them in the mail. And this is one of those brochures you may have seen. It says, you have won either a trip, you know, to Hawaii, a cordless phone or $50. Well, and they said on this brochure, and you will receive notification of your prize next week. And next week, what they do, they send them a cordless phone. Now the drug dealer, now the drug dealer's real happy, he cooperated, he plugged in the phone and for a few more months they gathered intelligence. And this was back in the day when crack was, I mean these were crack dealers, you know.  So they took the cordless phone. I'm going to leave email and communications to EFF, wiretapping. I'm going to leave most of that to them. I will say this, roving wiretaps has made a lot of people roll nervous. And just to understand that a roving wiretap doesn't mean there's a, well hopefully doesn't mean there's the FBI van driving down your street, just kind of tapping into various people's phone calls. That's not what it's talking about. A roving wiretap is more along the lines of they have a suspect who uses several different phones and this warrant covers the federal government or the state government going around and moving from phone to phone. Okay. Use of bugs by law enforcement. When can they bug your house? The answer is not very often.  Let's talk about this real quick. I probably got like two minutes left. What happens if a police officer does do something wrong? What happens if they violate your constitutional rights? And once again I want to say this and most officers, 98% of them are not going to do anything intentionally to violate your constitutional rights. And there's a couple of reasons for that. First of all, it's usually really easy to get a search or it's really easy to get a rest on somebody and probably the best training officer I've ever had, he made a statement that has stuck with me forever and that's real simple. He says, look, there's no reason to go out there and violate anyone's constitutional rights. If they are a criminal, if they're someone up to no good, they will continue to do that and eventually you're going to catch them. So there's no reason, no reason at all to violate the constitutional right. That hurts you, hurts your honor more than anything else and that's the only thing you have as a police officer. You have to do the right thing. You have to uphold the constitution. That's what you're here for. And most officers understand that. I mean it's a job. I don't care if you guys are writing code or making tacos. It's the same thing as a police officer job. In other words, they go to work every day and they do their job. And they realize if they don't get the criminal today, they're probably going to get them tomorrow. So most officers won't do anything that violates your constitution. But unfortunately there's the other 2% that do. They're just bad people. Just like there's bad doctors. You know, there's bad, think about who you work with right now. There's someone you hate at work. And cops are the same way.  And everyone would say Bob, you know, or Frank, or Mary. Every, you know, it doesn't matter where you work. If you're making tacos or you're the cop, there's someone on that you know that just can't make tacos or shouldn't be a cop. Right? And they're no different. Well, what happens? Well, first of all, if they do violate your constitution rights, what you can do is sue them. Okay? Or if you're under criminal indictment, you can do what's called the exclusionary rule. It makes them throw out all the evidence they have against you. Civil law, 1983, some of you may be familiar with that. That allows you to sue the police or any other government official that has violated your constitutional rights. That person, if they violate your rights, you can file a lawsuit against them. That's what we see Rodney King. Now, Rodney King, what happened there is, I can't remember how much he walked away. I think it was like $1.43 million. I don't know if I'd take that beating for one point. But he walked away under Section 1983 for that. And the officers in that case, at least two of them, went to prison under that same section. So it has both a civil action and a criminal action you can take under 1983. And something that's often overlooked is what's called internal affairs. And that's where you go to the police station and you make a complaint against that particular officer, and they do an investigation. Now, some larger departments have their own separate investigation agency, and it can result in time off and reduction in rank and fire and that type of stuff. I see him in his eyes. He's making the cutthroat sign. I think it's time for me to get off. I'm having questions. They want us to clear the tent for the next speakers. I guess I'm looking at the goon. He's not doing anything. We don't have to clear the tent. Okay, we don't have to clear the tent. But if you have a question, you're welcome to come up and ask me. Remember to use the first word out of your mouth as hypothetically.


What's up guys, Michael Rajaspi is doing a quick recap for 2023 Top Scrum Hobby six-box half case break random team number nine that was done auction style on fanatics live Here's the list if you forgot and yeah getting into the recap here Starting off with some rookies Refractors all that good stuff Matt Olson kind of Henderson refractor Shohei Estery Ruiz to 299 some cuneas Michael Harris to 199 Michael Harris refractor clean kershaw to 75 James Alvin refractor But a Peter Lonzo to 99 a clean kershaw Titans to 99 Sergeant Mullins Adley prism refractor Chapman to 99 Jeremy Pena to 199 And then some autos Josh Smith refractor auto to 499 Justin steel auto steel walker to 499 jerk young Michael Bush rookie auto to 299 for the Dodgers and a Luis liberato Blue ray wave rookie auto to 150. So thank you to everyone who got into the break Thank you guys for watching and I'll see you guys in the next one. Bye guys


How's it going everybody? DatoDoy here with another Dragon Ball Fighters video. And this time around since we just recently wrapped up our full week of ranked matches for both Jiren and Videl, I thought what better way to follow that up than to talk about everything we've learned about Season 2 since we first got these two characters. And this includes some hints as to what characters may be coming next, as well as a very rough timeline that kind of gives us an idea on when we can expect to actually see these characters. First things first though, we do have to talk about a couple major differences from Season 1 of Dragon Ball Fighters to Season 2. For starters in Season 1, we got a total of 8 characters that were released alongside each other in pairs, so that means we got Bardock and Broly, Vegeta and Fuzo Masu, etc. Now I do think it is important to note that Bardock and Broly came out in March 28th, and then Cooler and Android 17, the last pair, released on September 27th. So effectively the season pass lasted us all the way from March to September, and that's mostly due to the fact that every two months we got a new piece of content, so it would go January the games released, in March we got Broly and Bardock, in April we got Vegeta and Fuzo Masu, etc. Now the reason I bring this all up is because Season 2 for Dragon Ball Fighters is only featuring 6 characters. This fact is both confirmed at the end of the new season trailer, as well as in the description where Bandai specifically states, we bring 6 more characters into the fight, with Dragon Ball Fighters, Fighters Pass 2. So with 2 less total characters in the overall DLC season, it only makes sense that they would want to space them out in a different way in order for the new content to keep coming out at a steady pace across the year. Originally though this was just something you would assume they would do, but some Switch owners when they bought the game got an email that contained what looks to be a rough roadmap for how they plan on actually releasing these characters, and if this all shakes up to be even closely true, it is going to be a long road for these characters and they are going to be presented much differently than the first original 8. Up first in this email you can see the 2 characters that we've already got our hands on were released on the 31st of January, and according to this email, other than some commentator voice packs, we're not going to be getting the next character until May 31st. And another big thing that this email implies is that we will only be getting 1 character at that time. This is equivalent to only getting Bardock and then a couple of months later you get Broly. So yes, on the 31st of May we will get our third DLC character, and then 2 months later on the 31st of July we will get DLC character number 4. DLC 5 will come in September and DLC 6 will come all the way in November. This is a huge change of pace, but it does keep it on track with that original every 2 month schedule. The only difference now is that instead of getting those original 2 characters per the way, it appears we're only going to be getting the 1. I don't think this is inherently a bad thing, it gives them more time to work on each character and make sure there's something unique, but I would be lying if I said as a fan of the game that I didn't really love getting 2 characters at once, it was just a lot more exciting to take them both into training mode. And one last thing that I really want to stress when talking about the DLC schedule is this is actually going to carry us into next year, rather nicely. If you've been a fan of Dragon Ball FighterZ for a while, you may remember that horrible time for September all the way to January where we got no news at all. We got 17 in cooler, and then that was it. We went through all of October and November with no news for Dragon Ball FighterZ at all, and this one will actually carry us to November, and then we wait the 2 months, December, January, and that will bring us right around to where we are now this start of season 2, whether that will be the start of season 3 or maybe a Dragon Ball FighterZ 2, which does seem a little more likely with the change up in how they're handling DLC, that's more of just a conspiracy kind of thing usually when successful fighting games change up the way they do DLC. It usually means that they want to move on to the next iteration of their game, but that's just me thinking that right, that's not officially confirmed or even has been hinted at, that's just something I've seen with a lot of fighting games like Street Fighter V is going through something very similar right now, people are expecting them to announce they're moving on to a new project with the way they're handling Kage's release and stuff like that, or hey maybe this is just the way they want to do it now, and season 3 will also operate in this kind of way. I should also mention that if you're worried about the 2 month in between character release schedule, you shouldn't worry too much, there is usually news announced about the character during that month in between. This was how it worked in season 1, and I don't see them changing it, for example Bardock and Broly came out in March, but we actually first learned of their inclusion in the game back in February 17th when the V jump for that month originally dropped, and this was a trend that all characters except for maybe Cooler followed. So the TLDR version of season 2 is that we're getting 6 characters instead of 8, and we will receive 1 character every 2 months, and I think it's very likely that in between those 2 month releases we will get 1 month where we get information about the character coming up next. Unfortunately the longest wait is going to be the one we're experiencing right now with Jiren and Videl dropping a few days ago, and now we have to wait 3 more months to get our hands on the next character. After that it will go back to a somewhat regular schedule. And now we can move on to the much more fun portion of the video, the actual characters being hinted at for season 2. Now this hint comes from us from a picture of I believe the Nintendo Switch Store that showed off the season full of characters, all 6 of them, but for every character that wasn't Jiren or Videl we got a standard silhouette in front of a colored background. And you can see in Jiren and Videl's picture the color behind them actually does match up with the character. And of course it also helps to know that Gojita Blue and Broly have also been confirmed for the season, so that instantly ticks off both the green background and the blue background. Leaving us with the 2 unknown characters with a brown background and also a pinkish background. And of course these are the 2 that most people are interested in. Now I've seen a ton of good guesses for what the purple or pink one could be, ranging from either Kefla, Jinnemba, or maybe something like that, and I could definitely see that happening. I definitely think Kefla might have a slightly higher chance, but I could also see them going with Jinnemba purely because they have said that when choosing fighters for this game they look for something that they think would be unique to a 2D fighter and something that would be a lot of fun to mess around with in development. And I don't know the first Dragon Ball character that comes to mind when I think interesting fighting character has to be Jinnemba. There's just so much you could do from him from his sword range to his dimensional teleport ability. He's just such a cool character and I really hope that if it turns out that this isn't him they at least mess around with him in the future. But that's all for the pink character slot. The brown character slot is actually the one that I think a lot of people are struggling with who could actually go there. I've seen a lot of people saying it could either be Raditz or Hercule. Personally I don't really see it being Hercule or at least I hope it's not because I would really like Hercule to be a joke character, but I also definitely see the issue with actually making people pay for a character like that. So I think Raditz would definitely be a lot more likely for this spot, but I don't know, even though I really want Raditz in this game I just can't shake the feeling that I don't think they'd put him in this season. But who knows I definitely think brown fits Raditz as a character so hopefully they do put him in. If you have any ideas on what that brown character slot could be or the pinkish one for that matter make sure to let me know down in the comments because I genuinely can't think of anything else. Make sure to also let me know your thoughts on how you feel about the DLC being cut from eight characters to six and everything that means for the game. While you're down in the comments if you like these videos and want to support the channel make sure to hit the like button and subscribe so that you never miss out on a new video. Speaking of videos I have a few up on your screen right now if you missed the week of Jiren and Videl those should be up there so go ahead and go give those a watch if any of them catch your eye. But again thank you so much for watching this video I'm Datudoya, I will see you in the next one.