and like seeing these pictures.  I didn't think I was going to cry in this. Seeing those pictures made me feel powerful and beautiful and like cool. Hello there my beautiful lovely delightful and talented internet friends. Welcome back to my channel. Thank you so much for joining me here today on Footless Show where I am still Joe and I am indeed still missing a foot. I still haven't found it. I've been looking for a while now. What you were about to see and what I'm about to talk about was legitimately one of the most genuinely empowering situations and things I've ever been a part of and I hate using that word because I feel like it's so overused but when I saw the results of this I was like damn I feel pretty cool about myself. I feel good in my own skin. I feel powerful. I feel awesome. So anyways enough of an intro. What I'm going to share with you guys today is a photo shoot that I was a part of. And no this was not just any photo shoot. This is some of the coolest photography I have ever seen. Like I look exponentially cooler than I actually am guys. One of my good friends Russell is a mind-blowingly amazing photographer. In fact he's been on this channel before. About a year ago I did a video with him with his light painting stuff. These were some of the results. It was absolutely amazing but we talked about maybe doing another some kind of photo shoot after I got my running blade like more of a fitness style kind of shoot and I was really interested to give this a shot after another year had passed because I loved how the photos came out before. Like it's been my profile picture forever now. But being totally honest I think I was a little bit uncomfortable with my newly modified body just like a little bit still and I felt like it kind of came through to me looking at those pictures and I've had another year of being able to adapt and improve and get more comfortable with myself. And so I was really excited to give this another shot. So without further ado allow me to take you behind the scenes of something that was so cool and I think you will find it pretty amazing as well. First step I think is to change this into this. So I just did my makeup a lot darker than I would normally do it because of the whole your underlights. Now as as much as I love my lazy sloth t-shirt I'm thinking maybe I should find something else to wear. I don't know though I feel like it embodies a lot of who I am and what I stand for so. Did I just grab a handful of uncooked cookie dough on the way out the door to my fitness photo shoot? You bet I did. Is this maybe why I don't have abs? I couldn't tell you. I couldn't listen. I couldn't tell you. Maybe are you ready to see your wife turn into a fitness god? I mean not that I'm actually turning into a fitness god. I'm still eating cookie dough and bagels but maybe if the photography's good enough I'll look like a fitness god. It's all about lighting. It's all about the lighting. Make sure you get my good side. Just kidding. They're both my good side.  So let's head in to the laser studio. This is actually called Eddie Sound. It's a location here in Colorado Springs. They're very cool people, very nice, awesome to work with but I like calling it the laser studio because that sounds pretty badass. So let's look at how these photos are made and actually look at the photos themselves. Do I look like I know what I'm doing? Oh yeah. I have no idea. On a side note some of the lasers that they were using literally burn holes through things so it was like really important that I stood in one place that like I didn't move. There was a couple times where like I adjusted how I was standing on my leg and they're like no no no let's let's let's move it back because that is gonna burn a hole through your prosthetic socket which would not be fun for anybody. It's funny after doing something like this you gain quite an appreciation for models and what they do because all I kept thinking and saying is like what do I do with my hands? I feel like anchorman. I don't know what to do with my hands. Do I am I is this is this is this a look? Am I doing it right? Like it's like it's hard to like pose yourself and come up with different things to do so thank you everyone on set for your participation and your help in what to do with my body. I said at the beginning of this video I don't like throwing around the word empowering because I feel like it's used for just about everything right now. It's like one of those trendy cool words but to me seeing how these turned out really did make me feel inspired like by myself if that makes any sense and it helps me see myself in a different light. They're like yeah I'm I'm cool and how I look even though it's little different is pretty cool and being able to play around with like lights and colors and poses and stuff like that to exemplify that to embody that to bring that out of myself was amazing right? Like it was so cool. A little bit of changes how I think about myself. I don't spend a whole lot of time sitting in like insecurity about how I look like I'm okay right? Like I know that I look different I'm embracing that okay cool yeah there are some ups and downs but like every once in a very long time I am hit by the reality that like my body looks different than most people and some people see that as a very weird thing and sometimes I see that as a very weird thing and like seeing these pictures damn it I don't think I was gonna cry in this. Seeing those pictures made me feel powerful and beautiful and like cool. I wish I had a better word than cool. It just like unlocked a little bit more in my brain and I'm really so grateful for that. So at the end of all of this all the like cool running blade and athletic stuff I asked Russell if he would take one more picture and again Russell I really appreciate you doing this that had nothing to do with athletics. I wanted a picture without my prosthetic leg on because I don't know for me like it's easy to feel like cool and powerful when I have this running blade on that people think is cool but I also wanted a picture of myself in this environment as I really am with one leg cut off to show the the less flashy side of things to show that I can I can sit there without a leg looking especially different from other people and that's okay too just on the side note I'm not like sponsored I don't have to say this but I want to say it because he's awesome. If you need some really cool shots of yourself of your cars of frankly anything in this kind of a style or other styles please check out his Instagram linked right here his artistry is amazing and you will not regret it if you go check out his Instagram page thank you so much for coming on this laser adventure with me um like I said this was this was just it was so fun it was one of the coolest experiences of 2020 for me and I appreciate you listening I really appreciate all my patrons over on Patreon a huge thank you goes out to each and every one of you so much for being a part of my community there. If you don't know Patreon is a platform it's a community where you can financially support the creators who you care about and in return get some cool stuff like cute puppy videos and behind the scenes and early access to announcement and things like seeing all of these photos a week and a half before I even made this video and to you watching this video thank you so much for spending a few minutes out of your day here with me today you could be anywhere in the world doing anything else and you chose to hang out with me for a few minutes and I really appreciate that I love you guys I'm thinking about you and I'm excited to see you in the next video bye guys


Plans don't withstand contact with the enemy. Or as Mike Tyson said, everybody has a plan till I punch them in the face. So if it's me, I'm going, why do I live here? Where else could I live part-time? I'm talking to the CPA. It's like, yo, I think I'm gonna start making money. And you have to have a saying. When you see a tidal wave coming, don't wait till the last minute to jump out of the way. Because a tidal wave has a long and far-flowing reach. So if you think you're gonna start making some real money, you need to have thought about this ahead of time. Because the money will, it's very easy to have money come in one hand and go out the other.


Live from Boston, Massachusetts, it's theCUBE, covering Red Hat Summit 2019, brought to you by Red Hat. And welcome back to Boston here on theCUBE. We continue our coverage of Red Hat Summit 2019, with just that Jim Whitehurst on President and CEO, along with Stu Miniman, I'm John Walls, and now we turn to the IBM side of the equation. Arvid Christian is with us, the SVP of cloud and cognitive software at IBM. Arvid, good to see you this morning. My pleasure to be here, what a great show. Yeah, absolutely, it has been, I was telling Jim, he couldn't have a better week, right? Monday had good news, Tuesday, great kickoff today, again, following through, great keynotes. We were talking briefly, a year ago, you were with us on theCUBE and talking about IBM and its forward plan, so on and so forth. What a difference a year makes, though, right? We couldn't predict that you would be in the position that we're in now, so just if you can summarize the last year, maybe the last six months for you. Sure, and I think it's more building on what I talked to you about a year ago, if I remember last May, May of 2018 in San Francisco. So I was espousing very heavily, look, the world's going to move towards containers, the world is already embraced Linux, this is the time to have a new architecture that enables hybrid, much along the lines that Jim and all of the clients, as well as Ginny and Satya were talking about on stage yesterday. So you put all that together and you say, that is what we mentioned last year and we were clear, that is where the world is going to go. Nice step forward a few months from there into October of 2018 and on 29th of October we announced that IBM intends to acquire Radhat. So then you say, wow, we put actually our money where our mouth was, we were talking about the strategy, we were talking about Linux, containers, OpenShift, the partnership we announced last May was IBM software products together with OpenShift, that is, we already believed in that, but now this allows us coming together, it's more like a marriage than sort of lose partners passing each other in the middle of the night. And that then goes forward, you mentioned the news on Mondays, so for our viewers who don't know it, that's the news that the United States Department of Justice approved the merger with no conditions. So now we've got to wait on a few other jurisdictions and then hopefully we get together really soon. Right, right. So I think back to looking at IBM over my career, I think the first time I heard the word co-opetition, it was related to IBM because IBM, big ecosystem, lots of innovation over its long history, but as we know, when the bigger you get, the more chance that your partners are also going to overlap with you. Seeing Ginny up on stage and a little bit later seeing Satya up on stage is really interesting. You look at the public multi-cloud environments, everybody needs to work together. You talk to your customers and I'm sure you find today, it's not the future is hybrid multi-cloud, that's where they are today, even if they're trying to get their arms around all of it. So you're with a mega trend of cloud, what you're seeing that competitive but partnering dynamic. Look, I want to step back to just give it a little bit of context. So when you talk about companies, let's go back to the beginning of distributed computing, a PC. The PC came from IBM, the operating system, DOS came from Microsoft. Then you had Windows sitting on the IBM PC. So that's co-opetition or is that pure partnership, right? I mean, you can take your pick of those words and our value has always been that we IBM come to clients and we're trying to service problems that actually help them in their business outcomes.  You cannot say, oh, so-and-so is bad or they're out. So it always had to be co-optitioned from the lens that we came to with our clients. We always built originally computers, other people's software and on those computers. Other people provided services around it. As we went into certain software space, ISVs and so on came together. So now that you come to the world of cloud, we hold a very fundamental belief and I think we heard a number of the clients talk about this, they're going to be on multiple public clouds. If they're going to be on multiple public clouds, they're also going to have traditional IT and they're also going to have private clouds. That's the world they live in if I look at it from the viewpoint of their infrastructure to now come to your direct question. So if that's the world they're going to live in, hopefully one of those public clouds is ours, but the others are from other people. The private cloud, we believe the standard for that should be open shift and should be containers. So as you go down that path, then you say we want to take that environment and also run it on the other publics. That's good for the client. That's good for the publics. That's good for us. It's really a win-win-win. And so I think the ability to go do this and to make that play out, it really goes back to my thesis from more than a year ago where we talk about this is a new set of standards and a new set of technical protocols emerging. Yeah, I want you to take us inside the conversations you're having with CIOs when you talk about cloud because when cloud first came out, it was, well, the sins of IT is this heterogeneous mess and it's complex and expensive. Cloud's going to be simple, homogenous and cheap. Look at cloud of 2019 and I don't think I would use any of those adjectives to define what most people have for cloud. Where are they today? Where do we need to go as an industry? So, glass house computing. All centralized, all homogenous, not at all heterogeneous. Oops, 15 flavors of UNIX, all different. None of them really talk to each other. Oops, let's go to desktop computing. You begin with a pure architecture, maybe a novel which doesn't exist, or maybe does, I don't even know. Oops, back to this complete spiral of client server. Okay, let's go to cloud. Back to centralized glass house. You're making me dizzy. Let's go to lots of public, lots of SaaS, lots of private, back to this thing. So, in each of these, a different answer came on how to unite them. I think when we look at that UNIX and client server sprawl, I think TCP, IP, and the internet came together so that you could have all these islands talk to each other and be able to communicate. All right, great. We've got 20 years of victory on that. Now you're getting these things. How do you begin to move workload across because that becomes the next level of value. It's not enough to communicate. Can I really take a workload? A workload is not just a VM or just one container. It's a collection of these things, integrated together in a pretty tight and complex way. And can we take it from one place and move it to the other because that goes to the right ones, run anywhere, mantra, which by the way also we come to about every 20 years. And so I think that's the magic of this moment. And if we succeed in making that happen, which I have complete conviction, we will, especially together, then I think we give a huge value back and we give freedom to every CTO and every CIO. So you paint this really interesting whoops picture. I love that. It's really a back and forth, right? We're swinging and almost there's a cyclical nature to this is what you're, I think, implying. What's to say in your mind that this isn't just another whoops as opposed to this being a permanent shift in the paradigm? Oh, I think it's a, the reason I think that it's going to be cyclical is we tend to, you know, whether you go to construction in real estate, you talk about capacity in factories, you see an opportunity and people tend to go one way. The only way to correct culture if you're sitting in one place is to sort of over-correct the other way. Now you're over-corrected. Now you have to come back. And always when you over-correct one way then suddenly all those other benefits you've lost. So then you're going to come back to get those benefits. After about 10 years probably, you can debate 10 or 15, you're done. You've exploited all those benefits. Now you need to go get those benefits because the technologies have changed. It's not just that you're going back to what was. We're going very conceptually from sort of centralized to distributed to centralized to distributed. And by the way, another one that's getting out from pure centralized is also edge. Edge in effect is another distributed. So you put those together and you say, I went there, but then I lost all this stuff. Now I need to get back to that stuff. If you go too much there, you'll say, no, no, no, I need to get some of this back. So it's going to go that way, I think for every... If you look at it, the big arcs of back, pendulum, body color, pendulum swing, is I think about 20 years it looks like, right? 1960 centralized, 1980 PC, 2000, you could say was the peak of the internet. Hey, 2020 we're in cloud. So it looks like about 20 years looks like. All right, so I like what you were saying when you talk about that multi-cloud environment. The application is really central there. IBM, of course, has a strong history, not just in middleware, but in applications. What do you think will differentiate this kind of next wave of multi-cloud? How will the leaders emerge?  I think OpenShift has done a great job of how you help run the infrastructure. The value now rise in putting the services on top, both coming from open source, as well as other companies that are running like an integrated package. This is all about taking the cost out of how do you deploy and develop. And if we can take the cost out of that, you're not talking about that five to 10x that we heard a couple of the clients up on stage yesterday with Jim talk about. If we give that to everybody, you can sort of say that 70% which goes into managing your current and only 30% sort of an innovation, can you shift that paradigm completely? That's the big business outcome that you get as you begin to deliver these towers of function on top of this base. You need a solid base without one base. You don't want to say, I can't deliver these towers of function on 30 different things underneath. That enduring answer is a terrible one. You know, in terms of the infrastructure market, you know, things keep changing, right? Consolidating, EMC doing what happened there. How do you see your play in that market? First off, how do you see infrastructure you think evolving? And then how do you see your play in that going forward? No, so infrastructure has always been big in the end. All the stuff we talk about has to run on infrastructure. I'd say the consumption model of how you get infrastructure is changing. So it used to be that many years ago, people bought all their own infrastructures. They bought best of breed boxes, they put in boxes, then they did all the integration and what came from the vendor was just a box. Then you went to, all right, you can get it as a managed service or you can get it in cloud which is also a pay by the drink but you cannot turn it up and down also. And so it's not either or. It is people want all of these models. And so our role in infrastructure, certain things we will provide. When it comes to running really high emission critical workloads, think mainframe, think big UNIX, think storage of that ilk, we'll keep providing that. We believe there's a lot of value in that. We see the value, our clients appreciate that value. That workload turns up but it's the mission critical part of the workload. Then in turn we also provide the more commodity infrastructure but as a service. We supply a large amount of it to our clients. It comes sometimes wrapped in a managed service, it sometimes comes wrapped as a cloud. And we will also consume infrastructure from other cloud providers because if the people are providing base compute, network and storage, there is no reason to presume that our capabilities wouldn't run on top. If I go back to just February, we announced that Watson will now run. We said we use the sort of the moniker Watson anywhere to make the assertion that we'll run Watson anywhere that we can run the correct containerized infrastructure. So, Arvin, what's the single most pressing issue that you hear from organizations with respect to their technology strategy and how's IBM helping there? I think modernizing applications is the biggest one.  That's what runs the enterprise. I mean, like we talk about everyone's becoming a software company, right? I mean, that was one of the codes and everybody's becoming a tech company. That was, I think, one of the clients said, hey, we think we're a bank, we're actually a tech company. What that says is that you're capturing the essence of all the business processes.   I want to insert AI into the middle of my business process. I want to become more digital. All of that is modernizing applications. The big pain point they all have is how do I modernize them? What becomes that fabric in which I modernize? How do I know I'm not locked into yet another spaghetti mess if I go down this path? Because we've seen that movie also. So they're interested in, hey, I want to be clean at the end of this. I want freedom to be able to move it. And that is why I'm so passionate about, hey, the fabric is based on open source. The fabric's got to be based on open standards. If you go there, there is no lock-in. And it's not a spaghetti mess. It is actually clean. A much cleaner than any other option that we can dream of is going to be. And so if you go down this path, now you can open yourself up to a much faster velocity of how you deliver innovation and value back to the business. Okay, so I'd agree, first of all, when you talk about modernization, the applications that they have, that's the long pole in the tent. We understand compared to all the other digitization, modernization, this is the toughest challenge here. I'm a little surprised though that I didn't hear the word data because when they don't necessarily articulate it, but the biggest opportunity that they have has to be part of the data. Oh, to me, when I use the word application and you heard me use the word AI, it is, can I insert AI in the context of an application? Now why is it not being done today? To get the value out of AI, the data that powers AI is stuck in all the silos all over the place. So you've got to have, as you do this modernization, it's imperative to put the correct data architecture so that now you can do the governance so that you can choose to unlock the appropriate parts of the data. It's really important to say the appropriate parts because neither do you want data sort of free-floating around the globe because that is the value of a company at the end of the day. And so that unlocking of that value is a huge part of this. So you're after your right to ask me to express it more strongly. When I use the word application, I'm inclusive of not just runtime, but always of the data that powers that application. Well, Arvin, it was again a year ago that we were talking to you out in San Francisco and you made some rather strong thematic predictions that turned out well. And I'm not going to put you on the spot here, but I can't wait to see next year and see how this turns out. I can't let him go before we had the CIO of Delta who we had on our part in the keynote. You made a question about licensing. Of course, Jim Whiter said, we're right out, we don't have licensing, but what's your answer? Oh, I'm willing to offer a deal to Summit. So I think that both IBM and Red Hat do a fair amount of air travel. We'll give him a common license if he can just include Red Hat. For whatever IBM pays, just include all the Red Hat travel that is needed on Delta. You know, just so that then the business model's become clear and we can go have a robust discussion. Out of Delta, that's a good, or out of Raleigh, that's a good deal. For us, that's what I'm saying. That is a good deal. All right, so the ball is in your court or on your runway, whatever the case may be. Arvin, thanks for being with us. My pleasure. We appreciate it. And we'll let you know if we hear back from Rahul on that or a good deal. The CUBE continues live from Boston right after this.


Today, October the 20th, British Columbia is hosting Canada's largest earthquake drill. It's called the Great British Columbia Shakeout and it will happen at exactly 1020. We are delighted that this year we have more than half a million people registered in British Columbia and since last night we've actually seen that number go up by 20,000 people. One of the things that's incredibly important is the team of experts that we have in place in British Columbia, they are exceptional at what they do. And one of the practices that they have in place is that in the event of a catastrophic event in other parts of the world, we take the opportunity to learn from them about how to be better prepared in British Columbia. And unfortunately we've had the opportunity to have those circumstances present themselves in other parts of the world very recently. So we've just experienced an earthquake, we've dropped covered and held on and we know that this is the best way to protect ourselves. So even if we do experience structural failures like walls or parts of the roof falling in, you can protect yourself under a sturdy piece of furniture. And here, certainly in the legislature being an older building, there are many pieces of incredibly strong furniture in this building. We all agree that drop cover and hold on is the most effective way to protect yourself. Even in buildings that have collapsed in other parts of the world, people have been rescued, have survived under sturdy furniture that has created a safe place. So once again, drop cover and hold is always your best option. So on behalf of Emergency Management British Columbia, we'd like to thank everyone for taking part in Shake Out BC, the largest earthquake drill Canada has ever experienced. And for practicing the life-saving drop cover and hold on technique, we certainly hope we won't ever have to use this anytime soon. Thank you.


You can make your website faster and use less data by making sure you don't request files you don't need. This web page works fine on my laptop on fast broadband, but let's try loading it on a mobile phone on 3G. Now, this is the kind of experience most of your users will get, and that's not so good. Let's see what's going on. One really easy way to find website problems is to check the Chrome DevTools Network Panel and filter by type. Wow, that's a lot of files and a lot of bytes. The individual JavaScript files may not be very large, but each file needs to be parsed and executed, and means another request to the server, which can slow down your site and use battery. Let's check what's going on. Straight away you can see a problem. I'm linking to multiple different versions of jQuery. Now, it gets worse. I've linked to the full FAT version as well as the minimized one. Let's get rid of the files we don't need. You should only ever link to one version of a JavaScript library. Cutting out unnecessary JavaScript makes your website more reliable, easier to maintain, and simpler to debug. Let's see what else is going on. Now, Chrome DevTools has a great feature for finding CSS or JavaScript that's never used. From more tools, select coverage, and then start recording as you use the site. I'll use the site for a while and then see what the coverage tool finds. So let's stop recording and look at the results. Now, one thing that really stands out, some CSS and JavaScript files aren't being used at all. Now, it turned out I forgot to remove links to files I used earlier in the project. I can get rid of those straight away, and that's a big weight reduction and less file requests, all without changing any code. Getting rid of unused code also makes your site easier to debug and reduces the amount of code the browser needs to parse and execute. I hope that was useful. Take a look at our other videos for more tips to make your website even faster.


What's good Josh your boy Ross back again with another video. So we're gonna check out WWE top 20 Unexpected tag team partners man. This should be a pretty cool video There's been plenty of times in wrestling or especially in WWE where Unlikely tag teams end up happening and a lot of times they can end up working For example, the recent one I can think of Randy Orton and Matt Riddle I think those being those two people being paired is helped out Matt Riddle so much It's made him more of he's become more of the upper-card guy I think people cared about Matt Riddle But when he paired up with Randy Orton and it created RK bro It worked and it's benefiting It's benefiting Randy because people just gonna like Randy whether he's a healer face He's just universally gonna be liked, you know, I'm saying but it's helping Matt Riddle get over more with the crowd And it you can see it just in his matches people love him people love him even more He's he's kind of one of those guys that people are liking because of his association with Randy So I think he's unexpected tag teams can really help a wrestler Especially if one's already Solidified and has made a name for himself and the other one's trying to get his name out there even more If you have situations like this where it can benefit both but definitely the younger talent So we're gonna check this out. Maybe they will be in this video. We will see appreciate appreciate all love and support Let's get right into this one young Brock Lesnar Okay Ray Mysterio with the old old-school theme stone who remembers this Ray man.  Yes Love this theme song Love it. Oh, yeah members the hurricane Oh Stereo jokes. Yes. Oh, I love it, bro. Wow Man beast.   I've ever heard in my life That was in my opinion the worst part of Michael Cole. Oh my god. Oh Hated him.  All he's doing is it's just worshiping the mess and it's cringe Daniel Bryan He was like the third member of the shield or some shit honorary member I know it was cool for Dean and stuff at the time you went by Dean, but just to be in the ring with Obviously one of the greatest wrestlers of all time. Definitely a goat in In Curry Daniel, I think that that was probably a cool moment for them That poppy got look at that bro that poppy got Bro, look at the poppy got there. Oh man Look I'm so glad he's getting love in AEW as he rightfully should he's just he was just he was a phenomenal talent He may not been best on the microphone, but I will say people loved him for his in ring work Look still loving for his in ring work. I remember this This is when Rollins was definitely heavenly loved he was putting some he was putting some love into that enter continental championship Monday night Rollins was a thing. He was carrying carrying Monday nights in He's been he's been doing that as a late even as a heel to Rollins is he's a bona fide future Hall of Famer stays carrying Monday night Rob Hope you get better Jeff man Hope you get better Now that was an interesting team up. Oh, this is in Houston, too Still hear the booze People love them some Trish strattish Memors when wrong theme song was that who never give in Just wanna be Love you remember that all the good days the good days to cave in your rib cage just like this You gotta love it you gotta love it. Yes, man John Cena is orange get up Super Cena. Oh wow. Oh wow. This definitely had a house show event That's pretty cool. That's pretty cool. Didn't know this happened That's pretty cool Rest in peace man. Ah, man. Oh, yeah Claw going crazy Man recipes to both of those legends brothers crazy. Ah, man This is this was a cool video. It brought me back to nostalgia Pass like, you know nostalgia moments some of these I don't even remember seeing some of these especially the Triple H teaming up as you know one honor and remember of the shield. That was pretty cool Is that a house show so obviously I wouldn't have known about it, but this was a cool video Just brings you back down memory lane So comment down below. Let me know what was your favorite unexpected tag team partner from this video Appreciate all love and support row to 9k appreciate y'all kicking me. See y'all next


The greatest cocoa producing areas on Earth, but like so many things in Eastern Congo, it's picked and then exported to foreign countries and all the added value of cocoa, which is enormous when you produce chocolate, are really lost to the Congolese protected area. There are always incredible solutions to make them survive and believe me, when we started in Vrunga they were not obvious. They seem obvious today because they've worked so well for us, but you have to really take that leap into a very creative mindset to identify that and then to drive it home.


Hey what's up you guys welcome back to my channel if you're new here hi hello I'm Lydia and if you are new here make sure you hit the subscribe button Turn notifications on and make sure you give us a thumbs up that really does help me out Today we're talking about everything you need to know about self harm So what is self harm? Self harm is where a person hurts themselves on purpose Now I think the first misconception we need to get out of that is it's not just cutting Self harm can be in an array of different what's the word I'm looking for? That's not helpful I can't think of the word that I mean No no no That would make it better There's different types of self harm There's cutting, burning, overusing, swallowing objects that are strongly swallowed Drugs, alcohol. It's not always on arms Personally, I've only ever self-harmed on my arms and my chest. I've never self-harmed on my legs. My legs are just hairy. I look like a gorilla. The next misconception is it's only girls. Anybody of any age, any gender, can self-harm. It's a universal thing, it's not cutting, so it's not serious. No matter what type of self-harm it is, it is serious. So yeah, it's not just teenage girls. The next one I've got is it's attention-seeking. Self-harm is not for attention. When you self-harm, it often seems very secretive. You do, you don't really show other people. I've had all my uncovered tattoos, and I'm getting another one there on Wednesday, which this video's going up after them, so I've already got the tattoo. But it's a very secretive thing you do when someone self-harm. Even in the heat, you're wear long sleeves. So yeah, it's not attention-seeking. Please never say you're self-harming for attention. This is one thing you learn from this video, self-harm is not. Self-harm is an addiction. The pain you feel when you're self-harm, it's addictive. It makes you feel alive. I know for me I self-harmed just to self-harm and cope with things, but I also did it because I wanted to feel some of them. I was really depressed when I was self-harm, then. Next is people enjoy self-harm, then. Self-harm is not something anybody enjoys. It's very, luckily, something that we do our desperation. To feel something, to cope, to feel pain, it's not something anyone enjoys doing. One thing that you should always know about self-harm is that we're never doing it to hurt other people. When we self-harm, it's to hurt ourselves, punish ourselves, feel something. It's often occurs after a depression or a depressive episode because you just want to feel something other than sadness. It's a really hard thing to live with and deal with and it's such a secretive thing. We don't want people to find out. I know for me personally, no one in my family has ever seen fresh self-harm on me because I had to hit it or I lived on my own, but yeah. Thank you for watching and if you're new, subscribe, join the growing family. Thank you for watching and I'll see you on my next video. Peace.


At this point, we've taken two subjects into custody. At this point, we do not believe there's a ongoing threat to the community. And I'd like to say that this is, we are in the very early stages of this investigation. Some of the information I've provided may change as we go forward. At 513 PM, officers inside the venue at 6 North Laurel reported hearing gun shots outside. They responded, notified folks on their radio, responding officers on the traffic detail, responded behind me and found multiple victims suffering from gunshot wounds. Children were involved here at graduation. So words that come to mind right now that this is tragic, but also traumatic. Because this is their graduation day. This should not be happening anywhere. Anywhere. Whether it's in Richmond, whether it's in Virginia, whether it's in the United States, this should not be happening anywhere.


All right. Hi. Hi. Hello. So who are you? Yeah. I'm Candy from B-Max. All right. This is our brand B-Max and this is our logo. It's so cool logo. Yeah. And so here's this is a mini PC. Yeah. This is our new product, new model for mini PC. So you have two HDMI. Yes. Two HDMI. Two output, two displays. Yeah. USB. One USB. And this is the line. And this is power. And here another two pieces USB and one tap C. And this is power on here. Nice. And here's like a showing a little bit what you do with the Intel Core i7. Yeah. Core i7. 11 genes. And the one TB storage 16 GB memory. This is our new product for high specification. It's always good for Linux, for Windows. Yeah. Both you can. Windows and Linux. And hacking touch. Hacking touch. Yeah. Hacking touch. Maybe I'm just joking. Both are matching. Both are matching. How about there? We see a laptop. You also do this one? Yes. Yeah. This is our new model for laptops. And you can see why it's more special for the laptop. You can see here, we can make the turn around like, and you hold like the PC. All right. A tablet PC. Touch is good. And also this is touch good. Yes. It's. You call it the Max Book Y13. Y13 Plus. This is our new product, new model and new name. Okay. And this is Sericon Proceeds M5100. All right. So it says Hong Kong. You have office in Hong Kong? Yeah. We have office in Hong Kong. And we have the office in China, Guangzhou city. And our, we are also manufacturing. We have the factory in Shenzhen. All right.  No problem. Yeah. We can make OEM, ODM and also the customer can become our distributor, use our name, B-Max. Do you talk about price? MLQ? Okay. For example, like this, Y1113 Plus, this new product, the MLQ is 50 pieces. Okay. And also the price is around $235. Nice. Very affordable with a good display. Yeah. Not a bad quality display. Well, the high is A grade. A grade display. Yeah. A grade display. High brightness. Yeah. High brightness. And for the box? For the box. What's happened with the price here maybe? Okay. Like this one is for I-5. Okay. This I-5, the price is maybe around $169. All right. And the I-7? The I-7 is $199. All right. Yeah. And you sell all over the world? All over the world. The distributor can contact you? All over the world. And the distributor can contact with me. And also we have the CEFCC order certificate for air shipping, for sea shipping, everything for all the batteries, the certificate, all we have. And the Windows license easy to get? The Windows license is in store inside. But not with this price, no? It costs extra? No, no, no. Include. Include in the Windows. All right. And the one is that the Windows have something problem. Also, we can give the new to custom to install again. All right. And ready to install in different language, for different markets? Yeah, yeah. We have the maybe 20 languages more of the world language we have in store inside. Nice. And anything else we miss to talk about? How about this tablet here? We can talk about this new tablet, G99. All right. Yeah. This is our new one. Still not coming. Still not come. And still not come sell to the market. You say stainless steel? Yeah, still coming. Still coming. Yeah, still coming. And what's the CPU here? G99. G99. Yeah. So is that MediaTek with Android? Yeah, with Android and Google. Yeah, Google App Store and everything. Yeah, yeah, everything store here, Google Play. All right. Yeah, this is the high solution. Is there a good price on the tablet? Yes. For this one, it's about like $119. All right. Yeah, $119. And under the video, we can put your contact information, every distributor, 50 pieces, maybe they contact you. Yeah, okay. And you can put their logo on. Yeah, we can. How many pieces for logo? Need more than 50, right? If the customer need to put the logo, many, many more than 100 pieces. All right. Okay.


War drums, throbbing over the purple sage and cactus in the southwest America of 1886, throbbing with the voice of one man, Geronimo. For where the long shadows reach down from craggett mountains and fall across endless maces, the beat of the Indian war drum means terror in the land and fear of the wrath of the avenging Apache, Geronimo. The cavalcade of America, Dupont presents the story of Geronimo and the last of the Indian wars. Our star is Kenneth Delmar of the cavalcade players portraying the role of Captain Leonard Anderson. War drums, throbbing with the angry voice of Geronimo. Why does white man still live?  White man surrendered Geronimo. This man, his wife. Show mercy to her, Geronimo.  Why Geronimo show pity to white woman? Did white man show pity to Geronimo's mother? She mothered. Why Geronimo not take eye for eye? He had nothing to do with your mother's being killed. So Geronimo, you have nothing to do with your wife being killed. Oh, thank you Geronimo. Thank you. No. Geronimo have nothing to do with white woman personally.  No. Take her away. No. No, Geronimo. Kill me here. It's my husband. Hey, more of the telegraph operator at Red Gorge. Call him for help. Geronimo reading there now. I better get Captain Anderson. Yes. I'll take the rest of the message. Captain Anderson, sir. Yes. Geronimo's on the warpath again. Where's that Indian now? Red Gulch, sir. Red Gulch? It's over 80 miles away. Contact Captain Lawton at Fort Boy. Ask him and do all he can. Looks like Geronimo's headed into his territory. Yes, sir. Ask him if he's hurt from that Mexican governor Torres yet. Right, Captain Anderson. If he hasn't, tell him that Torres, by a treaty with our government, has promised 5,000 Mexican soldiers to help us capture Geronimo. 5,000, yes, sir. What about Red Gulch? Ah, those poor devils. Can't do anything for them now. Well, anyway, there's one thing to the good. Oh, it said, Captain. General Miles has been ordered by Washington to take full charge of the capture of Geronimo. It's expected here tonight. General Miles, sir? All the way from Montana? That's right. Now we'll see some action. Now we can get started stamping out every one of these sneaking, murdering red devils. That's no way, sir. It's the only way to handle them. Without mercy. They don't understand any other... Well, hello. Hello? No, no. That's all right, Elizabeth. I heard you saying shouting, something about stamping them out. What's the matter? Any other snakes in the Army port? Worse. Geronimo again. Oh. Anything special on your mind? No. Just a visit. Well, good. Come on into my office. You might telegraph Lawton that Miles is on his way, Sergeant. Very good, sir. More trouble from Geronimo, huh, Lenny? Ah, he just raided Red Gulch to the south. More killed. More tortured. I tell you, Elizabeth, there's only one way to deal with these Indians. Step on them without mercy. The only good Indian is a dead Indian. You seem very sure of yourself, Captain. Are you laughing at me, Elizabeth? Laughing at you? Well, I know. You are, I can tell.  Put down that book. What are you doing? Leonard, this is one of your military textbooks. I was just trying to find out where in it you'd gotten your strange ideas about Indian fighting. Listen, Elizabeth, I am right. I'm not the only one who says Indians have got to be handled with an iron fist. Do you know what Joplin told me? Joplin, you mean the government agent? Well, after all, a government Indian agent knows Indians. It's his business. And you really think he knows his business? Why, he's more than half the cause of all the trouble. Nonsense.  Elizabeth Joplin's been government agent here more than 10 years. He's been dealing with Indians for more years than you've lived. I think he knows his business. Little General Miles gets here. He'll prove the point. He'll prove the point all right, all right, but not the way you think. Oh, well. Listen, dear, I'm having supper with General Miles tonight over at Joplin's. Want to make any bets? We'll see whether I know what I'm talking about or not. One thing I know you'll find out is that there's lots more at Indian fighting than fighting Indians. You and that Indian better get off Mr. Joplin's veranda.  He doesn't allow Indians up here. What are you doing here anyway? Well, Captain, first place neither me nor my Indian friend here could remember any law against sitting here. Huh? And second place, I was invited to dine here. This looked like a likely place to wait for my host. That seem reasonable. Hey, who are you? My name's Miles, son. Miles? Full name Nelson A. Miles. Oh, my apologies, General. I didn't recognize you, sir. Please, Captain. Yes, sir.  I always found it easier on a man in the saddle. You, Captain Anderson? Yes, sir. Straight out of Harvard, aren't you? Yes, sir. I heard about you all the way up Montana. First assignment, I believe. Yes, sir. Well, son, out on the frontier we don't always wear a uniform. Sometimes gets in the way of a friendly talk. Oh, you know Black Eagle here? No, sir. Well, he's got a brother you might have heard of. Name of Geronimo. Geronimo? Well? I beg pardon, sir? Well, Black Eagle is a friend. I always manage to shake hands with my friend when I meet him. Oh, yes, sir. Howdy, Black Eagle. Evening, Captain. Oh, oh. Who's this? Howdy, Captain. Is this our host, Joplin? Yes, General Miles. Evening, Mr. Joplin. General Miles is here. Glad to meet you, General. Sorry not to be here when you arrived. I hope that you'll find the supper was worth waiting for. Seems to me I've heard quite a bit about you, Joplin, about you and your suppers. Yep, that's something I aim to clear up for the evenings. Much older. Oh, I hadn't realized my vittles were so famous, General.  Oh, no, no. Of course not. Glad to have him. Always next to plate at my table.  Food good. Not Indian food. Indian food bad. What do you mean Indian food bad? Why?  No. Indian food make Braves sick. Bad food make Braves mad. You can't say that I blame them. Didn't you, Captain Anderson? Well, sir... Well, he's lying, General Miles. Well, those engines can't rig up the excuse of bad food for going on the warpath. Engines don't go on the warpath for nothing, do they? No, I'm sorry to say this while Black Eagle's a guest, you know. But you and I both know that most engines are bad. Clean through what Geronimo is his brother and he's lying. And careful with the talk, Joplin.  Indian no hate white man. Indian hate cheating.  I say you give bad meat for good meat price. No man can say that to my face and live. Careful, Joplin. Black Eagle speak truth. You lying red skin. Well, you're no better than your murdering brother. There's only one kind of talk that you understand. Not that gun, Joplin. Look out, Black Eagle. Where are you? You badly hurt Anderson? Looks that way, sir. Take him to the hospital immediately. This engine's life must be saved at all costs. Yes, General Miles. Easy there. Well, that clears up one part of this business, Joplin. There'll be no more cheating of the engines at Fort Apache. You're under military arrest at my personal custody.  If that engine dies, Joplin, you hang. I didn't hear your command. How is he? He's much better. Bullet just grazed his shoulder. He'll be all right then? Good as new in a few days. Look worse than it was. I always thought Joplin was contemptible and mean, but I never knew how really low he was. Hold on, Elizabeth. Whoa. You get his. General Miles is taking good care of him. I know. He's already been arrested. It makes my blood boil to see Indians treated that way. Well, it makes my blood boil to see white people treated the way Geronimo treats them. Well, I think you'll find General Miles knows how to deal with his kind too. Ah, maybe.  I expect to hear you tell me soon that there's a third kind of Indian. Besides a bad one and a dead one. Now, wait a minute. Stop calling me captain, or I begin calling you Ms. Thorne. I'm sorry, Leonard. You've really done a fine thing for all of us intending Black Eagle. You've given us a good friend. Well, I guess I better leave and let you get well ahead with your duties. Goodbye. Where are you going? Back to the ranch. Ah, you think that's a good idea? Haven't you better stay at the fort here? Well, it's only a short ride back home. What do you mean stay here? Well, I don't know, Elizabeth. I'd just feel better if I knew you were safe. Listen, Easterner, I'm nineteen years old Indian country, and I wouldn't miss a good night's sleep for a whole tribe of Geronimo. Well, Elizabeth, at least let me ride back with you. You really worry, aren't you? You must know I am, Elizabeth. If anything should happen to you, I... Leonard. Though half the reason I love you is because I've got a hunch you're probably better able to take care of yourself than I am. Darling, you deserve a kiss for that. Now, I've got to find Dad. He's... he's waiting for me. Sweet. Take care of yourself. Don't worry. Good night, Leonard. Good night. What have you got for me? Well, pages. I suppose you just tell me what it says. Well, sir, Geronimo's raiding mostly in southern Arizona, sir. Yesterday morning, he struck at the Santa Cruz Valley about 30 miles southwest. Started moving west. Looted the Martin farm. He was the head of cattle. You're in close, huh? Must need food, man. Late last night, he plundered the Thorn Ranch. That's about 10 miles from here. The Thorn Ranch? Yes, sir. Shot killed two hands. The girl on the ranch, Elizabeth Thorn, seized her and are holding her hostage. Do we know which way they're headed? Yes, sir. South of the Sierra Madison. Orderly. Have assembly sounded immediately. This is George Torres, Jackie River Junction, Mexico. You ready? Yes, sir. Geronimo fleeing south into Sierra Madres in conformity Mexican-American treaty suggests you move all available troops at vicinity. Signed miles. General U.S. Army. Got that? Yes, sir. And now then, why are Colonel Wade at Fort Boy? Geronimo moving your area. Immediate capture imperative. Signed miles. Get those off at once. Yes, sir. Reporting, sir. Captain Anderson, I have an assignment for you. An important assignment. And a dangerous one. I want you to bring back Geronimo here alive. You think you can? I mean, do you think you can take him alive? I think I can, sir. Thanks for the chance. You know what I want, Captain. I want that engine pursued and pursued until he knows there's no way out except surrender. You understand that? I think I do, General. Well, you don't, Captain. But I think you will, just a moment. Oh, how's Black Eagle? Is he sound enough to ride? Yes, sir. Good. Now, he knows the Sierra range like the palm of his hand. Geronimo's fled to those mountains.  He'll be valuable. And, uh, Captain Anderson. Yes, sir. Geronimo raided within a few miles of the fort last night. What area, sir? The thorn ran. He took Elizabeth thorn off with him as hostage, Captain. Yes, sir. All right. That's all, Captain Anderson. You have your orders. You are listening to the DuPont Cavalcade of America presenting the story of Geronimo and starring Kenneth Delmar of the Cavalcade Players. The Cavalcade of America is brought to you each Monday by DuPont, maker of better things for better living through chemistry. Two days riding ahead of us. What's that, sir? What? Oh, nothing, Sergeant. Nothing, just talking to myself. You think the girl's still alive, sir? Forget the girl, can't you? Don't talk about her. Sorry, sir. I didn't mean anything by it, sir. What is it? Men, sir. Well, 18 hours in the saddle, sir. Can't keep us up there. Soldiers can if Indians can, Sergeant. Yes, sir. We're ambushed. Company dismissed! Shot two men, sir, Riley and Stevenson, and we never saw them. Where can they hide? Seven men dead in two weeks, and we've never seen the men who did it. These two horses here, Sergeant. Very good, sir. They'll manage to destroy them. Can't spare the water. I have to stop till we find water. Nonsense, sir. Thompson and Ryan and one other. Yes? The sun's got them, sir. They're the Raving Man. We've got to push on. We've got to. We've got to ride. That'll pack you right into the ground. Sergeant, here I am. I captured a deserter from Geronimo's band counter. Where is he? Can't stand, sir. I'll take me to him. I've got to talk to that Indian. This way, sir. They almost stumbled over him. I don't think he'll live long. Here he is.  Drink this. That's enough. Tell me, where's Geronimo? Higher. High crag. By Timberline. Is the white girl with him? Geronimo. Say killer before give up. Sergeant, do you see where this Indian came from? No, sir. He's lying here when I found him. Where is Geronimo? Point to where he is. Uh, crag. Sergeant, you stay with this Indian. We can't attack Geronimo.  I'm going after him myself. But Captain, they'll kill the girl as soon as they see her. They're bound to kill her anyway, unless we take a chance. Get along down the mountain to camp. Can I go with you at least, sir? No. Now, wait. I'll go with Black Eagle. He knows these peaks and he knows Geronimo. Sergeant, I'll stay with this man. Find Black Eagle and bring him here. The white doctor. Soon will there be God. There, he'll stand now. Free. Girl, sleep on leaves. The guard. Understand? I do. Count five slowly. Darling, quiet. It's me, Leonard. Oh, my love. Are you all right? Liza, can you walk? Oh, well, that you're in here, Leonard. I feel as if I could skip. I could dance down the mountain. Hey, listen to me. Down the slope, you'll find Black Eagle. He's our friend. Where are you going? Geronimo. Oh, no, you won't. Hurry to Black Eagle.  Promise. I'm unarmed. I come to ask you to surrender. You come without guns to see Geronimo? I trust you, Geronimo. I, a soldier, trust you.  Oh, I know no trick. You can trust me. I have your brother with me. Black Eagle stands within call. He will vouch for me. Black Eagle. Black Eagle, head Geronimo. You'd better surrender, Geronimo. Surrender. Surrender to the men that killed Geronimo's mother. To the men that cheat Geronimo and his people on the reservation. That feed them bad horse meat. Trick them. Lie to them. Stab them. Cheat them. Experience teaches the white man and the red Geronimo. The white man knows far better than he did how the Indians should be treated. The white man took Indians' country. Now they take his liberty. Break his laws. This country. This country. This country. This country. These hills and sand. This was Indian land. Where Indians could hunt and live. White man still them from Indian. White man still them from Indian. Now you ask me to surrender to white man. Now you ask me to surrender to white man. Make your choice Geronimo. Make your choice Geronimo. Surrender to the US Army or be captured by the Mexicans. Surrender to the US Army or be captured by the Mexicans. After what you've done in Mexico, you can expect no mercy there. I promise liberty for me and my braves.  You'll always be sure of that in America.   Now for the sake of your braves Geronimo, for your own sake surrender. White captain speak the truth Geronimo. White captain speak the truth Geronimo. You too Black Eagle. You too Black Eagle.  Where is general? You have general at mountains foot in two weeks. Geronimo, you surrender. Two weeks? I'll have general miles of the mountains foot in two days. Oh, cannot do. We'll take three days ride to mountain foot. Two days to general's camp. Two days, ride back again. Now we'll send the message by reflected lights Geronimo. With our lights, with our heliostat, we can send the message from this crag to the base camp in 15 minutes. So... we see these lights through the air. Geronimo has thought these lights the light spirit. And that this light spirit was with the white man. The white man cooked strong magic Geronimo. Strong enough to keep the white man and the Indian at peace with each other. From this moment on, for all time. In tonight's story of chemistry at work in our world, Dupont tells you about camphor. To most people, camphor means moth balls. Or perhaps an old time camphor bag worn around the neck to keep colds away. But ever since a young American printer named John Hyatt mixed camphor with nitrated cotton cellulose and made the first plastic, camphor has been a material of the highest... Hyatt was looking for a material to take the place of elephant ivory in the manufacture of billiard balls. What he discovered was nothing less than the first synthetic plastic in America and a whole new industry. From this camphor containing plastic the chemist today makes your fountain pen, your comb, your toothbrush handle, the fittings on the instrument panel of your car and a long list of other products ranging from motion picture film to the non scuffed pyril and plastic heels of a lady slipper. Natural camphor is distilled from the wood of camphor trees thousands of miles away across the Pacific Ocean. The trees may be grown in this country but efforts to transplant them commercially have never met with great success and we need camphor more than 5 million pounds of it a year. A failure in America's camphor supply at this time would be a catastrophe felt throughout the business world. If Americans reading their newspapers tomorrow morning should learn that there was no camphor all of us would feel the consequences almost immediately. We know what one consequence would be higher prices. In 1918 refined natural camphor sold for as high as $3.75 a pound. Today, however, thanks to the research chemist there's little danger of a camphor shortage in the United States for the DuPont company alone can manufacture most of the camphor the country needs. 23 years ago DuPont built a small plant at Deepwater, New Jersey to find out if it might be possible to make synthetic camphor commercially from raw materials readily available in America. Manufacture on a large scale began 8 years ago and today this Deepwater plant the only one of its kind can satisfy the country's normal needs. Since DuPont has been making it the price for the industrial grade of camphor has been steady at around 35 cents a pound. How is this American camphor made? From southern pine trees. Turpentine from these pines arrives at the factory in purified form as pineene, a colorless liquid. The pineene is made into camphine and the camphine into flake camphor. If the present national emergency had struck us a few years ago we might be paying exorbitant prices for camphor by now and facing a severe shortage. As things are we have little cause to worry and for that we may thank the chemist who brings us in the words of the DuPont pledge better things for better living through chemistry. Next week on the Cavalcade of America our star will be Agnes Moorhead. Our story is City of Illusion a radio play based on the novel by Vardis Fisher a powerful drama centered about the Comstock load. The most fascinating character of that period was Eileen Bowers and it is her story we bring you the background of a fabulous finance in Colorado about the middle of the 19th century. In our story of chemistry at work in our world we will tell you how chemistry is a time saver in America today. We hope you'll join us at the same time next Monday when DuPont again presents the Cavalcade of America. In support of Kenneth Del Mar and the role of Leonard Anderson on tonight's program with the Cavalcade players with Jeanette Nolan as Eliza Sloane as Black Eagle John McIntyre as General Miles and Edwin Jerome as Geronimo. Our play was written by Peter Lyon the orchestra and the original musical score were under the direction of Don Buries. On the Cavalcade of America your announcer is Clayton Collier sending best wishes from DuPont to the National Broadcasting Company.


My name is Guy Thwaites. I'm a director of Oxford University Clinical Research Unit. I work here in Vietnam, in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. Oakry's been in existence for 27 years. Started out doing malaria trials, but very rapidly moved into doing trials on a lot of other serious infectious diseases. And the reason we can do that is because of our collaborations with the Vietnamese government, and also with the hospital for tropical diseases down in the south, and the national hospital for tropical diseases in the north. Oakry, ever since its beginning, and it still does it now, looks at those infectious diseases and asks the question, how can we improve their diagnosis, how can we improve their treatment, how can we improve patients' outcome? And that's very simply what we do. We do that through observational studies, but more importantly we do that through clinical trials, randomised control trials, the gold standard way of changing practice, if you like. And really all of our work focuses around optimising treatment, and therefore has to focus on the challenge of those bacteria, those parasites becoming resistant to that treatment. So that's a major priority. I think the other priority that's developing quite rapidly and it's very interesting in Vietnam is vaccine preventable diseases. We've had recent outbreaks of experience, recent outbreaks of diphtheria and measles, and there is a problem with a loss of confidence in vaccination in this country. A lot of it is being driven, we think, by social media and fake news, if you like, but we've got to confront this because this is a country which should not be having those vaccine preventable diseases, and yet they're creeping back in in many ways. And tetanus is as common now in our hospital as it was in 1993, which doesn't make sense. The vaccine programme delivered by the government is actually very good, but there are some problems which we think Oakroot can help with, and that's what we'd like to do. So in 1990, 1991, what brought Oakroot to Vietnam was the ability or the acceptance that, from China, that they would release some of these new anti-malarial drugs to Vietnam for the first trials. So China had these new, the Artemisen derivative drugs and they'd had them for a thousand years, and they weren't particularly interested in doing the conventional randomised control trials. Nick White at that stage recognised the opportunity that these drugs should be trialled in the conventional way to be able to convince the world that they were really truly very effective, and those first trials were done in Vietnam. But very quickly after that it became apparent that there were two main reasons why Vietnam was such a fascinating place to work, and that was primarily they have a very large population, they have more than 90 million people, and secondly, the way the medical system works meant that this hospital where the trials were done was capturing, it was serving as a tertiary referral centre for a population of half of Vietnam, so roughly 45 million. So this meant that lots of rare things came and found their way into this hospital, and therefore you had an ability in collaboration, obviously, with the hospital, to be able to study those diseases in a way that you really couldn't study in any other place. So we studied a lot of dengue, we studied tetanus, we studied tibiumenongitis and typhoid, and cephalitis, all things that are relatively rare, but in this hospital were not that rare, and it enables you to do really big studies. So Vietnam was a fascinating place to start, and in many ways it was just luck, but subsequently has turned out to be a great place to work because they have incredibly good systems really for supporting health, and they're very willing and interested in engaging in research and asking questions, and it's been a phenomenal place to develop friends and collaborations. The world becomes very excited about new things, about new infections, but there are a bunch of infections that just kill people day in, day out. They're important, people recognise they're important, but they're often a little bit underplayed, and those infections are becoming more and more resistant, and you see that the concerns that there are around Artemisinin resistant malaria, for example in this region, and there really isn't a lot being done about it. There should be, but there isn't. Drug-resistant TB is an enormous problem throughout the world, but particularly in Southeast Asia. It's happening so slowly that there doesn't seem to be that much concern. It's much easier to capture people's imagination about the new and the rapid and the scary things that blow up suddenly and then disappear, but these things are just there in the background, just eating away at us, and that's what keeps me awake.


The sequence of events is the following and you can go back on elements in this sequence in that the time frame that has been given to me. First we have asset quality reviews and stress tests for the banks that are in the list by the ECB and at national level by the national authorities, National authorities. At ECB level, these are to be completed by the end of October next. When that is done to the extent that capital strengthening is revealed as necessary for any of the banks reviewed Time lines will be set. In the ECB's note it says that capital strengthening a'r bwysig rydw i'r bwysig amser yn y cyhoeddus cyhoeddus cyhoeddus yng Nghymru yn ddigon. Bydd y cyhoeddus cyhoeddus yng Nghymru yn gydag o'r rhan o'r rhan o'r rhan o'r gwneud â'r rhan o'r rhan o unrhyw o'r anhyw. Yn oed yn yma ymlaen, ac mae'r anhywethau yma o'r anhyw o'r anhyw o'r anhyw o'r anhyw o'r arweinydd. The intention is that if banks are fully compliant on emerging from the stress tests, the next consideration will be to look at the prospects of their being able to meet the Basel 3 requirements when they become obligatory. Member States must announce before the completion of those stress tests that backstops are available to support strengthening where that's required. The Banking Resolution and Recovery Directive that was agreed to be agreed in the course of this year or in the first half of next year will come into effect at the beginning of 2015 with the features that Vitor Constantio mentioned earlier this morning. Under the terms of that directive, Eurozone Member States will then begin to levy financial institutions in order to set up this fund amounting within 10 years to 0.8% of covered deposits in those institutions and to set up national deposit guarantee funds amounting to 0.5% of covered deposits. We begin to have a levy to put in place the capacity to provide these ex ante backstop funds. The BRRD directive comes into force at the beginning of 2015. In the case of a bank resolution, that directive requires that there be a mandatory bail-in of capital, that is of shareholders and of subordinated bondholders. Member States are free to bail in other categories of creditor, but that's a matter. One of the flexibilities that Pat talked about earlier on, that will be a matter for each individual member state. But shareholders and subordinated bondholders are mandatory included in the bail-in. If a bank resolution in that period requires a publicly provided backstop, the financial institutions will be required to make contributions to reimburse the public authorities for that cost. This will be ex post contributions. No timelines are set out for this process, or at least no timelines are set out for it yet. And I can imagine that that would be rather a difficult discussion. From the beginning of 2018 resolution will require the bail-in of all creditors apart from guaranteed deposits. Some Member States have proposed that that process should operate from the beginning of 2016. It's impossible at this stage to say where that argument will come out. It is intended that there will be a conclusion to the debate on the form and content of a deposit guarantee before the single resolution mechanism comes into effect. It's not yet possible to say with any confidence when that debate will be concluded. In fact, there are some who say it's not possible to say with any confidence whether that debate will be concluded because opinion seems to vary between Member States on the desirability of a common deposit guarantee measure. It can be anticipated that in the transition period leading up to the implementation of the single resolution mechanism equity strengthening and reorientation of funding resources will be difficult given the hierarchy of bail-in steps. First, shareholders are bailed in. That will be something that will affect the way people look at capital-raising ventures by banks which are shown to need strengthening. Second, subordinated bondholders are bailed in. Again, I think we can expect investors to price that into the kind of risk premium they will look for. Third, senior bondholders may be called upon in the transition period if the option to bring that in in 2016 is actually adopted. And again, there will be an expectation that that will affect the returns that will be expected. So we can expect that over that period these factors will be priced in to the way that people look at the banks that are shown to need some capital strengthening. The elements of this very briefly are the following. First of all, asset quality reviews have to be undertaken for all of the banks that are in their list, the 128 banks. They include, in our case, our two pillar banks plus three others. While asset quality reviews have been concluded here, that is not necessarily the final word of the asset quality reviews because the ECB will be looking again at the work that's been carried out. Whether anything will change is very difficult to say. The ECB has made the point that while there will be no full scale assessment of the bank's internal models for risk weighting of assets, the outcome of the exercise may well lead to a different view being taken of risk weighting in the banks. So it's leaving open the possibility that there may be a different conclusion or a somewhat different conclusion from the ECB's asset quality reviews to those carried out by the national authorities. Again, arguably asset quality reviews are at the heart of day-to-day good governance in banks, so this will be a very important issue. Then we have the issue of the stress tests. These tests will be designed to provide a forward-looking view of the banks, shock-absorbing capacity under stress. We don't know yet how the parameters for the stress tests will be defined. I think there have been two comments already this morning to the effect that these stress tests should perhaps be more severe than ones that were carried out on the last three occasions. The European Central Bank has certainly articulated that view, but I think we need to suspend our judgment on that until we see, as I say, the parameters that are set for these stress tests. Without wishing to reign on the parade, I have to say that if you look back at the history of forecast of economic growth in the Euro area for the last four or five years, they have been successively reduced at every review. I think those who decide on the parameters for the stress tests should perhaps take the pessimistic view of the future when they draw up their worst-case scenarios and that they should perhaps be more rigorous than they've been in the past. The issue of the banks' models of risk-weighting will come up again in deciding on those stress tests. There is quite an argument in the theoretical part of the trade, at least, on the ways that we carry out risk-weighting and, indeed, on whether risk-weighting or leverage ratios are a more valuable tool to use. That discussion, I think, is currently going on in the ECB. There is a body of opinion that feels that risk-weighting, as carried on up to now, is too subject to gaming by banks to be the only basis on which these parameters should be drawn. The backstops issue, I think, would be very important. The ECB has made the point, and I quote, for the success of the exercise, the ex-ante availability of backstops is critical. That will, I think, colour the way that Member States will have to deal with the outcome of these asset quality reviews and stress tests. If private sources of capital are insufficient, the ECB says, are not readily available, public backstops might need to be drawn upon in compliance with national policies and European rules. There's a fair bit of definition to be done there. The corrective measures that the ECB foresees include recapitalisation through profit retention, equity issuance, reorientation of funding sources, asset separation and sales. Looking at each one of those in turn, I think we can expect that, as a result of the asset quality reviews and the stress tests, a number of banks in the ECB system will be pursuing capital strengthening over the transition period I've been talking about. That will mean that there will be competition in when it comes, if people choose equity issuance as one of the measures of capital strengthening. What the effect of that will be on the prospects of any individual bank succeeding is open to question. In a fairly sluggish economic environment, which doesn't look like brightening up too quickly, I wouldn't expect profit retention to be a major source of provision of backstops. Reorientation of funding resources, which is the term used by the ECB, which I take to mean either bond issues or a return to interbank financing to the extent that that's deemed to be wise, could be problematic, part from short dated bonds. The ECB mentions asset separation and sales as a further possible source of capital strengthening. My observation would be that, given what's happened since 2008, most of the asset separation and sales that can be envisaged has probably by now already been done, and that's one of the reasons for the market fragmentation that people have been talking about. So, just to conclude on this very brief review of the transition period, my feeling is that it's going to be a fairly tense period, perhaps a bit less tense than it's been since 2008, but certainly no comfort will rise for anybody involved. Thank you.