This is a very interesting course. We have a lot of options in the course. But I attended today a computer programming. Usually, in this video course, it was a bit too long when compared to other courses. And it's very difficult to follow in this particular course because the video length was too long. And today's exam was very tough. In the program, you can't expect any already known questions. But logic, they want us to think in a very different logic. Because we can't expect anything else from IITs. They always express very high standards. No, there's no difficulty in the eyes of the lecture. But they could have suggested some books. There's no example related practice. They're all only assignments. And there's more practice related with solutions. There's problem related with solutions. Then it's easy to practice. Otherwise, it's very difficult. Compared to this course, it's my personal opinion. Did you use your forum or anything while learning them? It's very useful. They always give a very good response to the forum. How was your performance in assignments? Performance? Assignments? Assignments was a bit shaky. And it's very difficult to cope up with regular anonymity exams. That is a big problem. So they're stressed. Not announced at a later college. Anything that you learned out of the syllabus? Of course. It really gives us wide opportunity. And you really learn out of the box. They'll make you think out of the box. That is IITs. Today, only once the exam got... I mean, this... While using the debugger in the programming, the system got hanged. And twice I had to change the system. Only that difficulty other than that. One bad experience is that while submitting the assignment, one question was there. Test case was running out of 5 out of 5. I'm submitting, it's again getting 0. Then again I'm submitting, again 5 showing, again it's submitting. And then after that it's giving it 100 out of 100. That was the only thing. Did you normally see the videos on your mobile? It was great. How did you do the website? How did you do the courses? How did you do the quality? I normally watch the videos on YouTube. I downloaded it and watched it. It was great. I did the exam as well. Was there any other difficulty or difficulty in accessing the forum? Did you listen to the forum? No, not at all. They did everything well. It wasn't like that. They were replaying it till yesterday. It wasn't like that. It was great. It was a great experience. It's a nice opportunity for people outside of IIT to be able to take an exam that is conducted by IIT so the standards are pretty good obviously. It was a nice experience. Not really, I didn't have any difficulty with it. It was a nice experience and it was fine. They kept extending the deadlines as well to suit our needs so that was great. I actually didn't interact much on the forum. We just came to our programming and data structures. We had 10 weeks of assignments and also the lectures from IIT Kanpur were great professors taking lectures. We learned so much of information from the programming site and also that in this test they have given four questions. Since we had attended all the assignments we were able to attend the programs. Yeah, it's really so. It's very easily accessible. Actually it consists of private cases and public cases for executing the programs. It's really helpful for us to test our capabilities. Even in YouTube also. So it was ease of use. I am taking project planning and control. It's a very nice course. I am actually a project engineer so it's a very good experience for me. The learning experience and the videos, lectures and the scope and the quantities of the subjects learned is very nice. Definitely it is there. How is the planning? What type of planning courses you have? What are the methods you have followed? What are the methods? What are the methods? No, it's very nice. Accessing the course was very nice. Individual videos are in individual courses. One thing I am going to mention is the questions. All the questions are like radio button types. All the lectures are we have a PDF file equivalent of video and a PDF file. But questions also we need an equivalent PDF file. So that we can download and read it. The main file difficulty is there. The forum is there. If I pose a question, they will reply. Yes, I got the response. It's professionally understood. It's very nice. Things was very nice. Ambient is very nice. It was really good. The question paper is also simple. I think if we have studied it easily, we can clear it. So I encourage more students to participate from colleges so that they can easily gain a certificate. It would be useful for their placements and so on. Try to keep this up well. Thank you. My name is Maria Manuel. I had taken the course project planning and control since I am a civil engineering student. I think the course was really informative and it has helped me a lot. So I think now I can become a good project developer or something. As far as any improvements I would say at the end of the course they have given the detailed solutions. I think they can give it after every assignment instead of giving it at the end of the course. At home, actually there is a site you can go and you can download all the videos. But if you want it can be done anywhere at home or at college. Yes, I had a chance. If time permitted, I did go through them and they were very helpful. It was very... the site was responsive. So whatever I asked, they answered it very clearly. I think I will definitely take up one more course. Whichever I have, when I think I need to improve in certain courses, I will take it up. Yeah, of course, very fine. Daily morning time, if I don't find time to go through the video, in the evening I find time to go through it. That is the best advantage which I got it. The clarity is not that... it is not worst, I think. It is very good only. I think the clarity of teaching is very good with the course which I did. MATLA programming for numerical computing. Some learning material can be provided. We find some of the assignments to be difficult. One or two assignments we find too difficult to complete it. Sir, with the work pressure we cannot do anything. And only during the night time only we have gone through all the sessions. By the time we could get some idea from the lecture. But if the additional materials are also posted I have exactly given up a book but we don't find some of them inside assistant course. For the planning project learning and control I came to know about this project from my professors of the college. We adjusted our to join the course for our betterment. The structure of the course was really nice. We learned a lot. I can say that we learned more than our professor teaches us in the college. Because already we are in third years and we are going for the placement in the next year. So it was smooth, nice. We didn't face any kind of problem. It was nice NPDR. We did project planning and control. Because it is very... for civil it is very nice. And also we saw the online courses. It was nice. Yeah. Because assignments we all submitted so it was somewhat similar to the assignments. But also subject also we watched the videos further. Like IIT Kanpur professors videos and all. If you couldn't see the video we just with text version we saw and we did the assignments. Actually when I registered for the course I was afraid the course was much complicated. I did my course for estimation for wireless communication. So the course by itself is a PG related course. It requires more basics. And later on when I saw the video it was like so simple. I can easily follow what he is saying. So now I can easily write and I feel good. I already did my course. Two courses I already did. And it helped me in the interview process. So it was good. Examination was good and it was conducted professionally. And bell man. It was very good online course. We got some information about the wireless networks which we were studying. And the exam was quite medium not that tough and it was good. It was very easy. And we got the expected questions. And it was very useful. We got the questions. The platform gave us debugger. It was only C++ support. And we did C program. So it was not supported. It took some time. And in C++ we added IwoStream.h. And IwoStream too. It was a bit too late. It was okay. The first two questions were okay. The next one was okay. The last two assignments were very tough. I couldn't do it. I was able to submit everything. As course which is not just like writing exam or something. It is really application and practical oriented. And most of the questions most of the syllabus are not direct syllabus. It would be really tricky and application oriented. So during the exam some questions really gave some excise to my brain. And others were direct question. Yeah. I am really got a lot of steps from these three months. In college I would say I have learned more in these three months than taking some papers in the college. This is that stuffy. Examination is conducted well. And timing I was not comfortable I would say. But yeah, exam was awesome. Antisiascent has a good ambience. So conducting exam here is a really nice experience. This time we wrote strategy and introduction to game theory. Actually we are writing it for the second time. Last time we have done introduction to data analytics. And it was a nice experience. We gained a lot of knowledge regarding games. And different types of games we studied. And it's very much useful to our department. We are from the department of statistics. And on 27th we are writing biostatistics exam. Yeah it was very useful. And we were able to learn many things related to the topic. It was very good. We did not have any problem in finding the center or going there. And we did not have any problem. So we are committing and the next day itself they will be correcting our assignments and marks will be awarded accordingly. And solutions also provided for the assignments. During the time of the examination we used to verify the answers. Whatever we study here is more application oriented. But usually in colleges we are more mark minded. But here we could apply many things. Hello. I am a student from Wailtec College and Data Structure Exam. HODL was also very good. So we were given assignments each week to do. So assignments were useful. So that were subject related. So we could refer to subjects as well as we were to do this exam. So it was like extracurricular activities. We were able to know more about our subjects. It was something different than all these exams. So had a good experience. More about applications of those concepts. Application based I learned how to write programs. We learned many things apart from the things what we learned. Actually it was very useful to us. We could learn many things. Even which they have sent us video many things. It was very useful. That was very useful to us to face the exam. That was excellent and it was very easy to understand the slants. I thought the exam was real time based applications and we did some well. I gained more programming knowledge from this exam. Apart from theoretical I learned many programs from this exam. Thank you so much for your time. Thank you. Bye. And for people like they are not getting good teachers in colleges. Then this online course is very useful for them. I am Pavitra. I am studying ECE in well take college. I did a course in wireless communications. It was useful. We are able to get the basics. My name is Mohana. I am from well take high tech engineering college. In this session I can able to understand the videos which was thought by that sir. Online classes very easy. It is very helpful to us. Hello. I am Kavya. I am from well take institution. I did the exam very well. It was not very easy but it was moderate. We prepared only for two days. Within two days it was okay we were able to attend but if we would have prepared from earlier it would have been easy. All the lectures was very understandable. We are going to study it in future semesters. That was a great experience for us. We learnt more from that. My name is Sri Vidya. We have come here for riding earth research fundamentals. It was easy. The paper was a little bit easy only. Then I expected. The computer was a little bit trouble for me. I just took changes of places. It took for 5 to 10 minutes. That made me very tensed. I was a bit nervous before entering itself. I answered all the questions. It was good but it depends on the teachers who come and took the video. Two to three people were good in their teaching. I find a little bit really helpful. I am thinking about taking another course in this neptar also. I came to know about this subject only through magazines. As far as the subject is concerned only one suggestion I want to give. Thanks for the opportunity which I have given. Actually it is two types. One is 50% is in the course itself we have to submit. 50% is only in fact online we are just submitted. What I want to suggest when it comes to marketing please give more weightage for practical feedbacks. Instead of taking a quiz like a question, if you give case studies and if you give assignments, any marketing we can answer better. Because after time marketing is not only the theory part. It is basically whatever we have learnt. The practical experience is totally different from theory. So in future the question paper should be more on practical like a case study. For example if you handle this type of situation today I have seen some questions in that subject. Five questions they have asked based on my own marketing knowledge. How you will handle what type of suggestions you can give. How you can solve the problems like that. With this quiz type of questions I don't know how far it serves the purpose but definitely the subjects are big people they are giving the theoretical part. But make it as 50-50. Otherwise I really enjoy it. I want to suggest more to even come forward to take this. I have completed all the assignments. Only this quiz type of questions sounds like all the answers are matching with the questions. I don't know which one I have to choose. So sometimes in marketing we cannot say this is the right answer. Honestly if you ask sometimes even the right answer may go as wrong answers. Practically if I try one particular successful strategy for one particular problem it may not even work because the market may change. It is dynamic is totally different. It's good. Otherwise overall in fact most of them we have completed well in advance. It's an easy kind of questions but allow us to think that one way I really want to thank this subject. I am currently doing my PhD. I learnt in Health Research Fundamental. It's really a good experience and they have given additional knowledge which I have not learnt till now. Even though I am doing my PhD studies also they have given additional knowledge how to interpret the data how to do the data and they clearly explained all the events. It's good. But no I don't have time but they clearly explained the terms and what they want to convey they clearly conveyed the concepts. Very good. It is above the mark what I expected. It's excellent only because this is the first exam I am entering the online but it's good. But I am a background of this biological background but computer is very less but even I am doing my PhD but now it is good additional knowledge to doing online. My name is Akbar Khan. I am from SRM University, 3rd year SRM University and as a expiring entrepreneur I have my own startups. So that's why I was done the marketing management and it was very useful to me because I am from the BTEC side. I didn't knew anything about the marketing side. So I heard from the college seniors like you should do the course from the NPTEL and I found it very useful and I am very very productive. I gave the exam till now and I know that something came out from it. I learned from MTR and it was very effective and I wish and I will explain and I will expand to my juniors and tell them they should also join the NPTEL. Thank you. It was very useful. Very good. Everything was in the process. You didn't have to go and find anything. System was there. All the names were there. You have to go and click your ID card. I think it was very useful. I didn't have to run away and I am there for the problems. My name is Deepa and I am coming from RMD Engineering College. I did programming and data structure course in the online NPTEL exam. College have given a lot of training in the NPTEL exams and what questions will be given and how to solve them and to come out with our best in our future. Actually there was an interactive session but we missed it as our internals were going on. It was pretty good sir. Yes, I am Lio Bray Tendisen from Valium Engineering College. I am working as an assistant professor and we have to participate in this online course or any online course and we have to as a part of our everything is okay but they send some assessment one assessment like that if they give some intimation they told that they give some intimation we don't know that they have posted that assessment we are not continuously we have other works now they know our email ID if they give this is the date on which the assessment was posted. No such intimation has been made. So we left one assignment without submitting it the last date went and it is locked that is one problem. Other things are okay lecture notes and other things very good. Interactive session I didn't try it but it's okay they can specify some the lecture notes itself the text version of the video is not detailed just like lecture notes but if they specify some the text books they referred these are the prescribed text books they use then we can refer that also so they ask some coding so we have to search in the net and we have to course structure was good they had good comprehensive way of answering questions and it was difficult level was also easy I felt the paper was easy examination was conducted perfectly there was no query supported for reaching the center it takes around 3 hours so this is the only thing so we have to one more thing best is exam is in the afternoon so that we can reach early apart from that whatever the course whatever the materials everything was fine only thing is the materials sound is bit low, audio is bit low so it varies. The one which health research fundamentals it was very nice I am a doctor actually I am an MDE graduate so it is very useful for me so I am a research scholar I have instructed even assignments are done it was very useful actually the course is very useful we are working from Valleev engineering college we got a good opportunity for enriching our self due to this course there is something too high because for the equation 3 hours duration is too high that is the one thing I need to say another thing the duration is also something short we are starting from February and ending to March actually 7 week duration this hectic condition as an acclimation and telling better you can extend duration also we can extend this was my first experience in writing on an exam actually it was good I had a separate cabin I felt like I am working in the softwares those videos and all those assignment works made me more developed in this programming language I learnt something in programming I am doing 3rd year CSE 3rd year CSE in Veltek high tech engineering college I have an aim of becoming a professionalist in programming in software and all so I felt this course was really good and I did really something that was good Hi my name is Kaveve I am from Veltek CSE 3rd year I was learning many things I had a separate cabin writing exam this is the first time no it is not a tough up to 2 sections we have 3 sections of writing exams up to 2 sections it was nice and interesting 3rd section somewhat difficult because it is about tree concept advanced concept we are not studied about that too much it was knowledgeable and it was useful and we because of that formally we came up to this examination we were so serious about taking this course I took a course on introduction to research I am Aravindan working in the research field in a government organization so I find that course to be in a structured way it is taken in a meticulous in a proper fashion and the assignments were proper in relation in exactly in relation to the course materials and actually the way it is the course is being guided it is very much useful for the people who are carrying out the research I felt everybody who is undertaking some sort of research in private or government organizations should take up the particular course introduction to research this has actually introduced us so many tools those tools which will particularly accelerate our research progress there are certain times where we used to search certain things in this process they have told us in a systematic way how to go about doing certain things which will actually minimize us from so much distractions and achieve us the exact goals where we are trying to achieve maybe a few more assignments would have been better certain topics are not covered in assignments forum is actually quite good but people use it for you know WhatsApp groups and all those so we have to actually come out of the groups for many of the time I think in one another course where MATLAB course I think where they have exclusively separated the discussion forum into different modules so if you want to search for any topics related to for example module 2 of module 2 discussions happening in module 2 so we can directly go and point to module 2 there we could see the discussions which has happened in the module 2 but in other courses entire discussions will become like a history of males so if I want to search for example what happened in module 3 I am having some doubt whether anybody else has asked the doubt if I wanted to know it is very difficult for me to find but whereas MATLAB course has introduced that feature I think that would be a nice feature to implement for other courses also I have enrolled for introduction to research and the course is superb and it will be encouraging if you continue this course for again one more time my name is Air Revathi I am working as an assistant professor in Valim Engineering College I am pursuing research in Anna University so that is why I am choosing the work as an introduction to research it is a new kind of experience I am taking this courses so it is very well I am very interested to doing the courses for this NPTEL so it is very useful for us to doing the research because I am on the way of research so it is very useful to taking some kind of relevant content to my research I need a second level it is needed best because it is a primary level of research one so if you go a second level it is very much useful to that because we are mostly we are moving to the journal of research of analysis part only so to the more focus to the data analysis other domains because they are mainly focused to mechanical engineering and chemical only so we are basically from computer science and IT so that kind of analysis is needed in different domains that is only the course which I did was strategy and introduction to game theory and the whole point one of the main objectives that I did do this course was to do something academic after quite some time because getting into career it is not something you know I have exercised my gray cells in quite a bit of time so I wanted to exercise my gray cells the first point and the second point was I had to this was something which I had come across in the past and since NPTEL was offering it I thought I might as well do it and no this is nothing to do with my appraisal or anything of that sort I am not from that stream of line itself this is just sort of pure interest that I did it however since it is something to do with strategy and stuff like that I am sure it will have some application somewhere in my professional or personal life somewhere I don't know that yet so that was the yes yes it was definitely comprehensively they did cover whatever was taught I work with head seal tech I did technical English for engineers I chose that course that was my first course and I have also applied for language in mind I have also applied for language in mind I just wanted to I want to know what is the difference is that any improvement I actually fancy English I wanted to do a little sure but then I also had to think for biotech which is why I am doing my masters in this so I thought as a supporting course I would like to do this I found the course pretty interesting the way the video lectures were taken and recorded were also very nice I think it can actually be made a bit more difficult because I found the questions to be of normal level it wasn't very difficult only probably very few questions selective questions were only ones which were ok otherwise it was just normal English questions so it was fine actually it was really a good experience the question was quite easy and the online course was very helpful so that we can succeed in the future it will be helpful for our future also so if you are going for an MNC company the information security will also be helpful in future with the help of this one we can lead in a better way and we can position our company in a better way thank you I am Monish Manoj I am doing my third year mechanical engineering in recess and college I registered for the MATLAB programming for numeral computation conducted by IIT Madras the professor was Dr. Nikit Kaisere when considering the entire course it was like it was for the right standard for the BTEC BTEC level and the assignments were also good standards there was equal importance of both the assignments as well as the exam considering the exam if you only can learn the assignment part overall the examination pattern like by taking this course gives us an opportunity to learn from the IIT professors like other colleges even though they don't teach these subjects it gives us a good exposure to learn so this course overall I have a good exposure and I recommend all of you to take more courses in detail thank you I am doing my medical post graduation the community medicine it also involves biostatistics biostatistics is the subject of my interest and it is also concerned with my day to day activities so this course opened my eyes towards much more longable things in the future to do I am from RMD Engineering college we did it because of college recommendation we did this we find it quite difficult we didn't have video lectures only the assignments we did well I am Akhilesh Tiwari and I am studying in Hindustan University I came across many NPTEL courses and right now I have just gave the exam of introduction to research I went to the online courses I saw the videos I have somewhere around 4 assignments and that was internal now here the external exam conducted by NPTEL guys and it was really cool experience and it was fun learning in NPTEL and I look forward for further courses and I will participate in future also thank you I am Eshwant I am doing the course of technical English for engineers it is very useful for me and it is improved my grammar knowledge and pronunciation and I know many of the English grammar topics about it it is very useful for me thank you I am Rajesh from well high tech I just came to know about this NPTEL examination from a staff because it will be quite useful for us and the exam was quite easy then yes some staff you know call it some staff I took basics of finite element analysis one and it was quite easy for us still and they are offering more courses so it was very useful for both students and faculty members of all the affiliated engineering colleges because most of the IT companies requires the students programming knowledge so it helps to improve their programming knowledge actually so yes yes most probably 80 to 90 percent of the students have submitted the assignments they discuss fundamental doubts they are here and they overcome that errors exam little bit difficult only I registered in that course and it is relative to my field of civil engineering that's why I did it and I found it really useful for my future I didn't ask any question in the forum actually all the assignments were easy so I was able to do it myself only in the near future I will definitely like to have it not credits but they informed us about the course that IT is going to have this so they informed us through mail through that only hi the course was very useful and like we had an opportunity to go through various like I belong to civil engineering and I wanted structural engineering and I wanted to go to the management side so it was like very useful to explore other fields also thank you actually it was a good experience giving the NPTEL exam I came the project planning and controls so the serve was great and I got more to learn from that I am doing this I am doing now right now so it is good for me that I have done completed the course before my college as per my college actually it was a bit same if you see the difficulty level of the assignment and the exam given to us it was bit same it was good it was we were able to log in very easily and all the instructors were very cooperative and they gave us an instruction exactly and they told everything in time everything yeah it was good we have to apply the concepts and you know apply I mean you have to apply the funders whatever they said taught in the it would be useful definitely because I have taken my M-Tech in biopharmaceutical technology so I have done my online course on biostatistics and design of experiments so it would be useful for my career when I go for interviews it would be definitely it would be useful good afternoon my name is Shravan and I am from RMK engineering college and the course which I attended today was the fundamentals of electronic devices and materials actually it was not by my interest it was forced from my college to attend but by watching the videos and looking after the concepts I gradually developed the interest towards it it was a good course overall the lectures were fine the course mentor Mr. Parash Raman gave a good class about it and the exam overall it was a bit tough because I did submit I missed one actually because I had no time because of the unit tests and all those it was very useful friend it was very useful friendly and just watched the videos and attended the assignments that's all we had actually studied most of the subjects in our semesters but this was a deeper concept so it gave us a wide knowledge about the subject good evening I am Aarti I found this exam very easy because all the concept that came were very easy and I was very aware of that all the concepts the videos which were uploaded in the net also was very useful for me for preparing for this exam from the house itself I went on access no I did not have any internal problems assignments I had finished everything and I was for this exam also I went through all the assignments and it was very useful for me because some questions were also asked in the exam also exam was little bit tough for me because I did not prepare so well but next year I think I will prepare very well and do my exam very well thank you I did the course of manufacturing technology and I really enjoyed the course the main thing was managing time overall managing my college studies along with managing my online courses so I need to I always had to get updated with whatever the latest courses the videos that were uploaded on the website and along with that there were pdf of the lecture notes so it was good that there were regular assignments so that we could actually practice our skills and get to know where we are currently in our standing course thank you I actually did my course in wireless communications I enjoyed the course really the assignments they were given were very helpful and the exam was well conducted I liked the arrangements of the exam I am from SRM University actually for a student it is very good and according to the course also it is good I have already said about the course like everything is said apart from that the exam like it was not easy like I had not studied much so for me it was not easy but yes the level was okay and like if once studies much then it would be more easier for him to score well in these like these are very helpful for us like they provide additional information about the course and also it was good information security was good I was interested in conducting IIT it was useful for office work it was useful it was useful for class for video video it was a more different experience I saw the course on the internet the course which I did was MATLAB which was very useful for me for my future endeavours of other courses it will be the basic course which can help me in computing numerically for other courses also so I felt the need to do it the videos were very useful we can do it at home not much stress to go to classes and all we can do it in our free time in detail I got to know it from my friends when I was in college and after college getting to know it was not so easy in this way I want to do my masters and I thought this course would be a first step in doing that assignments were also very helpful that could be a practice unless we do that we don't know we are up to it or not I took a course called project planning and control it was quite informative and the professor Mr. Kousy was really excellent and the knowledge I gained was quite the exam was really good and competitive and it helps to enhance my knowledge to a greater level I am a college, I am doing my third year yes I did the assignments regularly it's my second time, second experience writing the exams previously I did modern construction materials that was quite easy because it was a text version and I did an offline exam this was an online both course were quite good and quite informative and useful to my career I took the help of forum actually I planned to write any exams due to my schedule I just shortened I could only afford only one exam so that's it hello good evening I am Dr. Ujeevaram a reader in Government Siddha Medical College said I have returned the examinations about health research fundamental it's online course on 8 weeks online course and every week submitting the assignment we want to do it at a right time and finish it in a very nice manner the teaching way and the methodology they have used is very very nice and very useful and since we are in college this experience and the study helps us to guide the students properly to do the research work yes I am Dr. Meena and this is my first online course experience it was really exciting and there was no issues in performing this exam the arrangements everything was wonderful yes I am Dr. Shamla Rajkumar working in CCRS yes this is very nice everything not heavy but I didn't have enough time to go through that's a problem for me but it's very nice hello I found this course through my friends and I did the course called language in mind really nice and it's really good oh well I chose this course because I was just interested in it it's basically partially related to my field of study but not completely so oh well the assignments first I found it a bit complicated but as it was going it became a bit easy no I didn't ask any questions actually because all the questions are very simplified but I found it complicated to use the portal they can make courses on a wide variety of subjects basically they just make courses only on the subjects so which they have a field in India but they can make like a variety of courses like you know arts and stuff like that they can improve it like that it is only as for my age it is only pressing up the ideas and getting the new ideas for a youngster definitely it is much much useful but this type of courses if you find in other places it is very very costly but here it is for landing purpose it is cheap but for obtaining a certificate it is only a marginal nominal it is very much useful even middle class that is middle management level professional it is useful it is a hobby for me to learn this type of courses not only this NEPTEL that I told that I am doing my EDX courses also so many other universities it is only instead of sitting ideal or watching TV it is not only pressing up the mind plus every course you will get some new knowledge see youngster what I want to tell is normally once you get a job people close the book except some few people that is they want by compulsion they have to write some exam and other thing but free landing or that is volunteer landing is very very less but if you start testing it it will be it is nothing like it it is very very useful we are from Pathyusha college we know this through our faculty and the exams were pretty tough and it was interesting to see these programs thank you we have learnt different types of questions and as well as different types of method to solve the given solution and it was interesting but we felt it it is difficult we need more assignments to continue this process we have only simple things like factorial problem or something like very simple things but when we see this NPTEL course we have different types and reality problems actually to be frank reality problem we come to know how to solve a reality problem that is what different from our college lab and this NPTEL we are taking this as third course actually have done before two courses but I did not attend the exam due to some computer architecture and C program taking up my exams so this was my third try ok next time let's see I have done C got 97% that was easy the questions were easy for that this was a bit difficult basics of finite element analysis yeah I am teaching this subject for my students so I want to learn more about it everything is ok exam is ok but assignments were plus course content there were some more different questions than which but those are only basic questions this is the first time we will refer all the subjects I mean videos lectures my name is Akshya I am studying in Sairam engineering college third year and the course was very good actually my professor was Parasurama and the way he delivered the speech and everything was very nice along with the text version was more useful and the exam was also quite ok because if tarot preparation means it could have been even more better and easier yeah I have done C programming before so I was in data structure it was a good and platform was very good and enjoyed a lot it was good little hard though one question got solved and other many little test case only 5, 6 it was very nice the portal was very good and also the teachers which guide us all throughout the course was very nice I did this course programming data structure and algorithm and it was a good course and my exam also went well of course for the campus placement and you know practicing of all the programming I think NPTEL I think is a big body so they will definitely recognize because it is offered from IIT so it will it will help me and of course it will enhance my coding knowledge and I was all the not all the videos because those topic that I was familiar earlier it was that I know so I haven't watched them but the rest of the things it was like you know the content was good and but I I submitted all the assignments a portal was good because I have done earlier you know some of the courses so I have done 3-4 courses but only the exam I gave only 2 so I have like design analysis of algorithms, databases and programming data structure this course and other course I have done more like digital circuits before 2 years this course I think was good because it was taught by 3 different teachers so it is like every teacher was good better I can say those questions that were given so it like it is just practicing for me but you know some areas I am very weak so I need to improve more bit like doing further courses so it will help me I haven't used forum because you know it is not needed for me like because what I did programming assignment that was given like I have done and some of I missed because of you know time management was not like because college exams also there so but other that what I have done I haven't find any difficulties in doing that I have completed English course for engineers it was very useful and the concepts were very clear the lectures were very useful and we submitted the assignments regularly they interested in our college and I also had an interest on it definitely next time I would join it. I am Narayanan we did a course on Microwave Integrated Circuits we came to know about the friends and many of them were doing the course course was very good the faculty was very supporting in fact I have this so in that I have a couple of questions to the forum and it was quite responsive it's helpful for building your resume resume yeah that's it I am Bigness University actually I have undertaken a course marketing management one in the NPTL website so actually this is my second exam the first exam was fundamentals of competitive fluid dynamics and the experience was overall experience was good and I just feel that it's very much important to the students to gain knowledge in such subjects and I wish them all the best and keep up the good work thank you


All right. Welcome, everybody, to our talk on Kubernetes and Crossplane and building a platform API on top of Kubernetes. So there are still some free seats available here in the front on the right side and the couple there on the left, if you don't want to stand in the back. And today, we want to talk about our experience in adopting Kubernetes controllers for managing things who are not core Kubernetes controllers. And we are doing that with a CNCF project called Crossplane. And they have quite the presence here. So I want to have a quick show of fans who has heard of Crossplane before. All right. All right. Hard to ignore Crossplane at this conference, that's for sure, and that's good. So we'll start with a quick intro, who we are. My colleague, Hannes, maybe you want to go first? Yeah. My name is Hannes Bluth. I'm a cloud architect at Accenture. And I live in Frankfurt, Germany. My name is Jan Weges. I live in Berlin. I'm a platform architect at Accenture. I do most of the stuff I do is open source. I'm a contributor to the Crossplane project. I do also do the Berlin CICD meetup. So if you're in Berlin, and if you are interested in connecting and with other folks who are running CICD, then feel free to reach out. It's been on hiatus for the past two years due to some pandemic events. But we plan to pick it up this summer again. And we are also managing the first time CICD deaf room. So if you are joining FOSSTEM in Brussels, hopefully in presence next year, feel free to catch us and the CICD deaf room. All right, so a very quick introduction to Crossplane. So probably you've by now heard many intros to Crossplane. This might be the third one. But let me quickly explain in layman's terms. So what Crossplane does, it extends a service provider APIs, which are pictured here at the bottom into the Kubernetes resource model into the Kubernetes database. So A, as a user, I can QCTA get clusters. And I do get my EKS cluster back from AWS. Similar, I can create Kubernetes clusters via the Kubernetes platform. So I just apply a familiar YAML. And there's a controller running who takes this YAML representation and talks to the AWS API via AWS Go SDK and manage the state at AWS for me. It continuously does so. So that's the Kubernetes pattern, the reconciliation. Every, well, it's configurable, but every 60 seconds per default. So if there's any drift or any changes, then those are overwritten or updated to the state which I want to give that. So this is a Kubernetes example. I can provision Kubernetes via Kubernetes. But obviously, I can create any object at any external API provider. So it could be an S3 bucket, a cloud storage object, an AKS cluster, a Lambda, stuff. So anything, really, which is mirrored into the Kubernetes ecosystem. OK, let's take a closer look at the Kubernetes example. I love to take the Kubernetes example because it's a very complex one. Usually, an S3 bucket or a cloud storage bucket is just a very simple object, and you just apply it so there's no magic behind that. But to provision a Kubernetes cluster at cloud providers or on-prem is usually a very complex thing to do. And so pictured here at the bottom, it's an example stack of a fictional company which you might run. There are two cloud providers, AWS and Azure. There's the code repository, GitLab. There's the Grafana for dashboarding. There's obviously probably your organization runs Kubernetes. So there's the Kubernetes API, Vault for secret store, Styra for policies, Argos CD for GitOps, and so on and so forth. So all those are mirrored into the Kubernetes ecosystem, so you have them available as one-to-one representations. However, that's usually not what you want to push this complexity to every user of your platform. What you most of the time want to do is at least apply some compliance and security. So for example, a famous example is the visibility of an API. In the Kubernetes case, every Kubernetes cluster should be a private Kubernetes cluster and not a public one. That should be a default. With an S3 bucket, it's the same. It should be private by default, for example, and should be encrypted via KMS. So those are defaults you can set. And you also want to make it simple. And in the case for Kubernetes cluster, there are many, many different API calls you need to take to add AWS to create a cluster, then at your internal SaaS services to register the cluster once it's ready, and to install operators and controllers to make your cluster compliant and integrate in the rest of your enterprise. And that's something which happens here in the integration part and in the custom platform part. At the top, you see the simple object which your users of the platform are using when they want to have a Kubernetes cluster and provision a Kubernetes cluster. So it's a very simple one. But under the hood, it goes to AWS and it creates an IAM role, IAM policy, security group, OADC provider, actual EKS cluster, all those EKS cluster add-ons which are available. And it goes then to Kubernetes because once the EKS cluster is ready, it's not ready to hand out. It still needs to run compliance and integration software which you need to deploy. And that's happening via the Kubernetes API then in the same kind of call. So there then is deployed the compliance software for CM or security scanning or so. And all those controllers for integrating which are not available via EKS add-ons. And then the Kubernetes cluster is registered at, well, in this case at Stara which is a control plan for policies for OPA. And it's registered at ArgoCD so that users can use GitOps to deploy their application into the cluster. So they get everything out of the box. But still, that's hidden from the user by the platform team by this integration. So in the end, cross-plane to achieve this, it's a cross-plane, it's kind of a low-code platform so you cannot edit the stuff via UI yet but you can offer an API without writing actual code so you can describe it in YAML. And it allows you to provide kind of abstractions and governance and security to it. All right, that sounds really fun and games. But what are the top nine challenges we encountered when running this approach at scale and in production? So at scale means we are running, it's obviously it's not Google scale, we are running a couple of thousand managed resources. So that's, I guess it's not like super less, it's also not like Google scale but maybe it's something in between and we want to go over some challenges we faced when implementing that. We've been starting with cross-plane two years ago and this helped us to get a very, very good understanding of the product, we adopted it pre version 1.0 and we're able to kind of shape a bit the product to our needs and some of the stuff you see in today's cross-plane is based on our feedback. So the first thing is the cross-plane deployment model. So cross-plane is a Kubernetes extension and by that it's installable in a Kubernetes cluster. So you might go that just simply every application cluster gets a cross-plane installation. So the application is the blue boxes on the right and the cross-plane installation is the colorful representation. So what that gets you from an application point of view, it's a very good integration between infrastructure and application because now you can take the, you can read from an application, you can directly read the connection details of the database or the S3 bucket or so from the same cluster from a secret for example. And also you have a very good heart isolation between tenants because well, Kubernetes tendency model is the best when there are different Kubernetes clusters. However, how do you bootstrap those clusters? So in the end, you can offer a very, the broad range of the cloud provider or SaaS provider offerings into the cluster. However, a Kubernetes cluster is just one of these offerings and with this approach where you are kind of, it's expected you're already running a Kubernetes cluster. So how do you get to those clusters? So the next thing in the middle is, well, you have a central API for infrastructure provisioning so that users go to the central API provision, they are cloud resources or kind of SaaS resources and then they are using those SaaS resources directly. So they go to a central cross-plane instance and create a bucket, any KS clusters and so on and then they connect to those directly and use that. So that's great, bootstrapping problem solved. I have a control plane for all my infrastructure. However, now you have kind of a bit of the soft isolation problem between tenants. Although you're not running any workloads in the central cluster, that's offered by a central platform team. There are no workloads so it's not like resource starvation or so which you might run into which is a common problem if you're running a multi-tenant Kubernetes cluster. However, you are still running a single controller for the entire, for all the tenants and you could still get into some issues when for example one tenant creates a huge load of API resources and then you get rate limited or something because CRDs are cluster-wide in Kubernetes as you all probably know and cluster-wide means there's only a single controller reconciling those objects. So there's no, well at least not a cross-plane no way to chart controllers to CRDs and that's kind of the issue with this model. There are some scalability challenges. So third on the bottom is, well obvious solution you run a cross-plane instance per tenant. So everybody gets a cross-plane instance. However, it's a kind of a tricky thing because you don't want to run the cross-plane instance in an actual Kubernetes cluster because it doesn't run any workloads and it would be very kind of from a resource point of view very cost-intensive to run a dedicated Kubernetes cluster just for the control plane for every tenant that depends on how many tenants you have obviously. So those can be virtualized and there are some ways to virtualize them via open source tools. So a lot of folks use vCluster by loft.sh for running virtual Kubernetes cluster or there's the cluster API provider nested from the special interest group from Kubernetes who does also that and probably a thousand other ways you could also use an offering from UpBound to achieve that and then you can run the controller either inside the virtual cluster or you can run it outside and connect to the virtual cluster. But you get the hard isolation that's solved. You get a separation between control plane and data plane. However, it's a bit more complex setup and probably your adoption goes a bit along this lines. All right, the approach to compositions that's something we face. So compositions are the feature how to abstract resources. So when you build your automation, maybe you are in an application team and you want to start with the application. So build from top down, application on top, cloud resources at the bottom and you want to deploy the application and it should come with like a stack. It comes, it's a vertical integrated stack application uses database, object store, queue, maybe Kubernetes, maybe not, maybe cloud functions or so. But that's something you want to aggregate. So basically you abstract the application. That's very useful if you're starting with cross-plane from like either an application team or a small company. But however, if you're starting in a large organization, that's very cumbersome and very challenging to implement because now you're the one with the SME for cross-plane NF experience with running that. You need to go to every application team in the enterprise and build those abstractions for them. And that's simply not gonna scale. So you start from the bottom. You are the service provider and you want to offer those resources to your users.  Those are just examples here. So those applications team, they can just like pick and choose what they from a service catalog kind of thing. And then like from maturity point or adoption points, the third example here would be the one where the adoption is quite far already. Platform team would create those stuff from the bottom. So those compliant API objects and then application teams who are already familiar or kind of borrowing resources from the central team, they would write their automation based on top of those compliant objects already. Well, speaking of all those compositions, this might be not a surprise for many of you, but Kubernetes is a favorite, well, someone said that at a conference, Kubernetes is my favorite YAML database. So expect that you need to manage more, even more YAML. So probably you're already managing a lot of YAML. For sure if you're running stuff like the Kube Prometheus stack or something, but it will now get even more. It's like CrossFit is a low-code platform. You don't need to write the go code for just, well, to use it. However, you need to still describe those APIs and those compositions. And that's done in open API in YAML. So there could be a lot of bugs, as you all probably know with indentation and white spaces and types and so on, depending on the approach how you manage YAML. So if it's just like basic templating and templating or writing that manually, that's maybe something which will change when you adopt that. So definitely some stuff I'm very excited about is Q-Lang for when you can do validation and have a type safety and all this kind of stuff. However, it also kind of is a bit of, since it has a very good go integration, it defeats a bit the low-code pattern because now you kind of still go into a bit of writing code. However, you get a lot more safety this way. User expectations. When you apply a pod spec, you get a container almost immediately, so at least you should. But infrastructure is slow. So if you apply, for example, an RDS database, it will take easily five minutes or more. And there are some very familiar or famous examples which take 10, 50 minutes for infrastructure to get ready. And that's something which some users might not expect to see from the Kubernetes API because usually from what they know, the Kubernetes API, it's quick and you get an immediate reaction. So some might just delete and recreate those objects in a very fast way and infrastructure usually doesn't like that. And then obviously, depending on the approach, your users might not know Kubernetes. So there are some users in your org who don't use Kubernetes. They are running Google Cloud Functions or Lambda's or App Runner or Cloud Run or some like data batch products, AWS batch or something. But now they need to kind of describe their stuff in Kubernetes YAML. While they might not run workloads in Kubernetes, they still need to kind of know the API. So you can get around that by offering a UI so that they can more or less create those resources via workflow or via UI, but still in the end, they need to know some API to create those stuff. Okay, I'm looking a bit at the time, so I'll skip the stuff. Another thing now that you're using Kubernetes for not only applications, but also for your platform and the infrastructure, you can leverage the words of the Kubernetes ecosystem and that might be, well, at least it sure is my first example of showing the CNCF landscape in a good way because many, many of those things are, or probably all of those things are integrated with Kubernetes. So I brought two examples here. So for example, since now you have this central layer where you apply all your stuff, you have also a central way for managing policies at this layer. You don't, well, still you should use, for example, those IAM stuff on AWS and Google Cloud and rows and responsibilities at GitLab and RCD and all those SaaS offerings you might use. However, you can do, you can shift a bit more to the left and apply those things in a common language at the same layer. So you've read the same policies kind of for the source code repository, for the GitOps software, for Grafana, for Kubernetes, for the application. So, well, on a very low layer that means the RBAC stuff from Core Kubernetes, but you can also, and probably you should, run some more fine-grained policy execution stuff like OPA, like Kiverno, or any of those things. And what you can do with those is then to have quotas, for example, for your infrastructure. So depending on most, sometimes the billing processes in large orcs are not very cloud-native, maybe. So there might be some subscription models. So someone says, okay, I've like an SML subscription and S is, I don't know, two Kubernetes clusters and 10 nodes. And this you can easily implement at this layer. So that's, it's really easy. And other examples are, for example, running kube-genitor to just really like, remove demo environments after a day or two. That's pretty easy, or kube-cost to manage costs. So this gets very easy. And that was just small examples. I'll now hand over to Hannes for you. All right. So the next point or then the next topic where we had to deal with some issues was a COD maturity. So CODs are very nice to extend Kubernetes, but they were built to be part of the container orchestration at first. And then they evolved to be more than that, where people started building operators rather than controllers that were just inside Kubernetes. And with that, now, as Jan said, there are providers that implement all the resources for their specific cloud provider. And with AWS, that's over 700 APIs. And with Azure, that's over 600 APIs. And then you end up with multiple thousand CODs in your cluster. And just, that just doesn't scale very well. So one of the issues that we had was the Kubernetes behavior around immutability. In the open AP scheme, you can specify that the field is immutable, but it's not observed in Kubernetes. So sometimes your cloud provider also has some sort of API points that can't be changed. I don't actually have an example, but I remember that you couldn't change like the type of node that you're running on or something like that. And then I could say in my COD description, please don't change this or don't allow it to change, but you can. And then the user is confused about why it's not updating in AWS, because that's what you would expect from the API. The next thing that we have is when we're working with APIs, we have some sort of like if it evolves, you want to version it because you might have breaking changes. And CODs allow you to write conversion webhooks, but until recently, that wasn't available in crossplane. And it's being worked on, but it's not there yet. And then on the other hand, even if you have conversion webhooks, it's still more reliable to do the migration manually and to help your users do their migration over time as in the deprecation version that Kubernetes is using itself. All right, I will also skip the rest here because of the time. Concerning the scalability, there was a talk yesterday. It was yesterday afternoon, the COD that broke the camel's back. I'm sure you'll find some information there. Since we're using YAML and our Kubernetes API, you can, we can now deploy everything to, through GitOps instead of CIOps. We don't use a pipeline that executes a Terraform script anymore. It's, you can actually use the same tool like Argo CD, for example, to synchronize everything that we have in our repository to our cluster. And that allows us to use the same mechanisms for applications and infrastructure. But again, this goes back to what is your user expectation? And if you say, okay, you can use the same behavior or the same API for both. They might expect you to have those offered in the same cluster. And then with what we discussed earlier about the, how do we deploy or architecture or different cross-plane control planes? It's just that they might expect to be able to deploy both into the same cluster, for example, with a Helm chart, but that might not work. And so there's some interesting development around multi-cluster architectures and our management and cluster federations. And that is something where we need to figure out how can we make it manageable across multiple clusters as well.  Like where do we stop using GitOps? Do we deploy our secrets with GitOps? We can use SOPs, for example, to encrypt everything in our repositories and then let it deploy. But it might be more reasonable to use a secret provider like Vault or the secrets manager or something similar to just request the secret and then use that as credential instead. And of course using GitOps with your node group with like a scaling configuration that just creates more conflicts where your providers or your ARGO cities trying to sync your repository. And then on the other hand, you have the autoscaler telling the cluster, please scale down and crossplane in between syncing the options back. So you have a couple of conflicting controllers as well. And then there are options around that. You can set fields to be ignored in some sense, but that is an issue that needs to be solved whenever it occurs. And then I think what we also learned since we're offering a platform to our users, it needs to be documented.  So we need API documentation similar to the doc COD staff that really well reflects all the APIs and for crossplane, for example. Then there is usage documentation on what are the behaviors of what the user is deploying, what are the side effects, how do they interact. And of course, whenever something changes or is deprecated, we need to release notes, we need some sort of lifecycle management and API and operator lifecycle management. There was another talk on Wednesday on this, I think on Wednesday. And then the last thing is contributions since we are working in an enterprise situation, it's important to be sure that we can use open source, we can contribute to open source. And in our case, we were lucky, we were able to engage with crossplane very early on to shape their product as well so we can make sure that it fulfills the needs that we have at that point or that you need for building a platform. We have also been contributors to the provider AWS and a lot of resources. And we have open source, the couple of other providers like the provider GitLab, provider Argos CD and provider Styra. And then with a provider Grafana, we have built it using the JET implementation or like the Terra JET implementation. And that was then taken over by the Grafana community and they are now maintaining their own provider as well, which is something that might be nice for all the other cloud providers to do as well. Thank you for listening. And if you want to reach out to us, feel free to do so. And if there are any questions, I think.


If you would like to have a book chapter or article scan and sent to you via email, you can go to My Accounts, Interlibrary Loan Iliad, and then log in. And then you can do a new request for either the article or the book chapter. So you'll click whatever you need and then you will fill out the fields that are required. So here we have journal title, article title, year and page number all required. So we'll fill those out. And then we'll submit the request. Article, author, volume, issue, month aren't required but they're all helpful. So fill out as much as you have there. Submit the request and then once that request submits you'll be able to monitor its status here under Outstanding Request. You can click on it, go to the bottom, give you its status. When it's ready and a PDF file has been scanned you'll get an email with a link back to this page and the file will be there. So that's how you would request a book chapter or article via Interlibrary Loan.


And we're here at the ID Tech Act show here in Santa Clara and who are you? My name is James Derek's and I'm the founder and creator of the Me Too EV charging system. Me Too EV. Yeah, so what is that? Me Too stands for Mobile Electricity Everywhere. Mobile Electricity Everywhere. So this is an EV electric car, right? Yeah, this is an electric car, battery electric only. But what have you done to it? I turned in the world's first self-charging car. Let's open the trunk. It literally has junk in the trunk and that's no kidding. Junk in the trunk. Think of that. That'd be my motto even though probably ought to be. We use old school lead acid deep saccharin marine batteries. So those are lead acid batteries? Batteries. You put in a trunk. Putting the trunk in under the hatchback. And under? Yeah. Why? So I can have an auxiliary power source to recharge my expensive lithium ion battery that was built into the car. So where did the normal lithium ion batteries go in this car? They're still there. Oh no, the next version I'll take them out. But underneath the whole underbody of the car, up into here, in the hatchback, in the hood compartment are two lithium ion batteries that take up all that space. How heavy are those? 600 pounds. And then you add some lead acid? Yep. How heavy is that? Another 600 pounds. 600 pounds in the trunk? Yep, and 600 pounds in the front. And that's not an issue to have extra 600 pounds? No, because the vehicle's rated to 1200 pounds of cargo in people. But to overcome that, we also add an additional spring kit to it, a spring lift kit. So it'll go down the road better that way. So why do you let lead acid battery? What's special about the lead acid batteries? One, the cost difference, the main battery in the lithium ion vehicle here in the Ford Focus. If I had to replace it today, the local Ford dealer still says it would be $22,000 to upgrade the batteries. Is that the real price for lithium ion? Yes. It's not $10,000.  Maybe if you got a leaf or something with only about half the capacity of these, maybe it is. So like a Tesla's battery? How much did that cost? I'm thinking a dollar of water pretty close. So you got a 64 kWh system battery, you're talking 64 grand of that Model S car being that. No, but a 64 grand, that's the price of the whole car. No, that's just the battery. Not just the battery. For a Tesla, yes it is. You really think it's that expensive? Yeah, it's a dollar of water, and that's the minimum that it is right now, or at least last year. They probably do it cheaper, right? Because they have a Gigafactory. They ain't up and running yet. But how much is your 600 pounds battery? For the same, almost what? This battery actually has a hair more. But this has, it weighs 600 pounds and it only costs maybe $1,200 for the power. $1,200 for this whole thing? Yeah, for the battery power only. We're only talking batteries to batteries. The lithium ion batteries cost $22,000 for this car. And you think it's 20 times cheaper? Yes, about 18 times cheaper. Plus, these batteries are far more sustainable. We're only talking about the weight right now only. Yeah, we're only talking weight. But how about the capacity? Almost the same capacity, but the difference is when you compare lithium to lead acid technologies, lithium is less lightweight or more lightweight, but it takes up quadruple the volume. So it takes more space? Yes, it's not really apples to apples. If you looked at kilograms per cubic meters or something of both, lithium is lighter, but it still wouldn't have the same capacity. And it still weighs the same amount for the more volume as lithium. But the people that market lithium ion batteries are geniuses and I wish I could be that way too. So you're not a genius? No, I'm not a genius at all. I'm just a local guy from Iowa who is not even an expert in anything in this, and I'm tired of us being addicted to oil around the world and especially in America. And I want to break our country's oil addiction. Oil still has a purpose in life, but not for running cars anymore. So oil is bad? Yeah, well oil when you're burning it and producing CO2 and nitrous oxide and everything else is bad.  I'm trying to be green. The whole process, the whole sustainability, and that's actually another reason why I went with lead acid batteries, because they are completely sustainable and recyclable, cradle to grave. The lead acid battery, you have the electrolyte, so you recycle the sulfuric acid electrolyte, you chop up the plastic and grind it out and you remount the lead, and it's basically 100% reclaimable. So it's not toxic and dangerous? No, not actually as toxic as the byproducts of a lithium ion battery. And you decommission it because it's like unscrambling an egg. How about explosive? No, you don't have thermal runaway issues with old school lead acid. So it's safe? Yeah, I don't need no coolant system on batteries at all. It doesn't get too hot? No, no, it can actually absorb a quicker rate of charge sometimes without blowing up on you. Isn't dangerous the lead kind of leaks out? Well, we got a solution for that and some trade secrets on that, but it won't be an issue with our go-to-market products. But I thought that lead acid was not as efficient as lithium ion by a bunch. No, no, there's a lot more lead in the world and sulfuric acid in the world than there is lithium chloride in the world. By a factor of probably 100, actually. But isn't lithium ion much more efficient somehow? Here's why people like it. It's the surge capacity to run a Tesla that really just goes 0 to 60. You can pull more energy out quickly, okay? But on the long haul, slow and steady is better than quick and dead, okay? So it doesn't go quick and dead? No, no, no. No, it goes steady. When it charges and when it's parked, how does this work again? So it's actually not powering the car at all, it wouldn't be able to, right? So it's just charging your battery? Yeah, the lithium ion battery, that's correct. Okay, so we have the lead acid batteries here, deep cycle marine, underneath there'll be more. And then it's connected to a pure sine wave 240 volt alternating current inverter. And then the alternating current inverter powers this charger right here. This is a level two home charger that is now filled into the trunk, hardwired in. That's okay. We got mics that are in a very direction. Oh yeah, okay, I forget. Okay, and then you simply plug in, push a button, plug this into the bumper. And then... And all you do? This is the normal charging port. This normal 1772 charging port that all electric vehicles in America use to use at this age, unless they're a Tesla and then they use their own proprietary one. And then all the guys got to do, plug that in there. Plug to plug. Plug to plug, and you're charging the car right now. You're charging the car with the car. With the car. Nobody's done this before? I don't think so. But maybe they have. Maybe I'm reinventing the wheel here, but I've been to a couple of trade shows in electric vehicles and I've never seen anything like what I'm doing. And that's a good sign. Is that your idea? I've heard experts tell me. Oh yeah. It just came to me one day. I had a vision from God and He gave it to me. For real. So, what's next? Not kid around. What do you think about that? How's it been, the show? This is the end of the show right now. Oh yeah. Yeah, it has been the show for me. It's been the show. What? It's been the show. Yeah, this show made it, actually. And I can't say who or what, but we were getting funding because we came here. Somebody said they're going to fund my dream and idea of this. And by coming out here, we got enough money now to get this business off the ground. Said it was worth it to come up here. Oh, what do you think? Yeah, I mean, completely. Completely. And just the publicity, the input from people that have been coming by. So what's next? Do you have some strategy for the business model? Sure. How's it going to be? We're going to actually go to dealerships and set up a dealer network as our main distribution channel. And then also our website and from the Google search stuff to where we're going to be able to take orders and we're going to find installers that are ASC mechanics and put these kits on on their dealership. So this is a Ford, but you don't need to talk with Ford at all, right? No, no. It's just an add-on. An add-on. I don't tie into any Ford systems. You make a hole in the trunk or no? Well, yeah, but that's the hole in the trunk. I guess I'll be liable for that, but that'd be the only thing. There's a little hole in the side to put it all in, and that's all I'm doing. So the people who bought the car lose the warranty? No, no. They shouldn't? They shouldn't. They should not at all, because all I'm doing is supplying power like if I was at a curbside charger, because I do not integrate into the Ford at all. And my product has isolated grounds, so it can't even be back-feeding power into the Ford. How slow or what's the speed of charging? Well, at a parking charge now, like you plow in the parking place and it has one of these connectors of 1772 on it, a level two charger, it'll still take about two and a half hours, two to two and a half hours, okay? To charge a whole car? To charge this car, because the bottleneck is not the power that can be provided to it. The bottleneck is the absorption rate of the lithium-ion battery on its charger that we're supplying alternating current to. And on this car here, in particular, it's a 2013 car, its standard has 6.7 kilowatts of absorption rate per hour, like 28 and a half to 29 amps of 240 volt power. And that's all these will do, because you can put 100 amps to it, but it's only going to draw the 28 and a half to 29 in. So it takes two and a half hours from here to there? Yeah. Does it take the same time from a car from a thing? Yes. On a regular charger, not a fast charger? No, no, just a regular level two. So how long does it take to charge that battery? Okay. When you get home at night, you plug in this 50 amp, 240 volt plug into your wall, it's an RV plug, it's called a 1450. So you need an RV charger at home? No, you just need a wall, a plug like this at home, a plug in with one of these. How many volts? 240 volts, 50 amps. 50 amps. Yeah, so whatever that is, watt-wise, and then you simply then plug this in into the car, okay? Yeah. And this in into the wall, and then it'll charge up both in about two and a half, three hours at home as well. That one, two and a half, three hours. Yes. And the lithium at the same time. And the lithium. Yes. Why? Because it goes through there and there. Well, because this has the lead acid battery charger built in that fills up this, and it still continues through the loop. So you plug that one too at the same time? Yeah. So how many recharge cycles do you have? Oh, that's a good point too. Now, there's a wives' tale going around that, you know, that these won't work well and only so many depths of discharge. But the battery manufacturer we're working with has studies and they have things, and they tell me that even if I discharge them a hundred percent, death of discharge, like no energy in them at all, or like 10 volts or something, right? Then I can get 500 cycles. 500, yeah. 500 recharges before I get to worry about anything. The lithium ion would be... Well, it can go further. The modern ones can do more, right? Yeah, but if I only discharge these 85% death of discharge, it's 2,500 cycles. So that's like 2,500 days divided by 365. We're talking six, seven years, man. Can you put a limiter so you never cross the 85%? Yeah, I can use a voltage limiter, current limiter, whatever I want, to turn on a relay and switch everything off. That's simple. And that's what we're going to have on it. And you sure there's no issue with this idea, right? There's nothing wrong. It just works. Yeah, it works. Did you drive all the way from Iowa with this? Yeah, well, I didn't drive it all the way here because I had to trailer it because I had to get here quicker. But I drive this in rural Iowa every day. And if you can get around there the closest, again, public charger, I'm going to say 36 to 40 miles away. And in the city that I'm from, or close by, that's got like 200, 250,000 people, there's only like six level two public chargers with that plug-in. Six chargers in one city. For the whole city. Yeah. So you tell me, and none of them have some work to do, right? Yeah. Well, I have some work to do. We're going to electrify the whole country. All right. So there's only six chargers in the city? Yeah. And I should point out, like I told some other people here today, three of them aren't open 24, only when they're open for business hours. Otherwise, you can't use their charger because it's got a RF card. And if you don't have that, they don't turn it on. So you never use those public chargers, right? I don't have to, no. Not at all. But you can still come back home? Yeah. By plugging in my parking lot and going to work. How many times have you done that thus far? Quite a few. Yes, sir. I haven't kept track, but I was one time. It is new, right? Yeah, yeah. We've done this. And yes. And you know what else? One time we had one mile left to battery death on this car, pulled along on the highway, plugged it in. On the highway. And had it pulled over on the side of the road and was able to charge up to get the rest of the way home. And that's what we're doing. And this will open up the door to the average man getting an EV and having the range to go back and forth to work and commute everywhere and everywhere. And that's, we got pictures here on this flyer. Maybe that'll come in or not. We're along a river in the state park in rural Iowa and we're charging this car there, off-grid completely. There's no plug-ins around on this one. Now this one we show it hooking up to a 50 amp RV plug-in right here. And then this is in front of a hotel called the Lincoln Highway Hotel. And it's really interesting that the Lincoln Highway was done roughly 100 years ago when we had Model T's. And President Lincoln's wanted to free the slaves, right? So we want to free our nation's energy addiction. We want to free our country's energy slavery just on the Lincoln Highway. That's where it's starting. That's why it's prophetic for us to say that. But that's what we're doing.  Correct. After you've done work. After you've been here a couple of hours. Yeah. So it's perfect for your commute. And then the further on version that we actually filed a provisional on too will be Android and iPhone controlled and you'll be able to turn on the climate control inside the vehicle. Say 15 minutes before you're ready to leave your office so you're already charged up too and the vehicle's already hot or cold. All right. So the EV is definitely happening, right? Yeah. In this country. Yeah. It's the wave of the future. Are you going to sell outside the US? We're hoping to. Business partners, strategic partners in the US, the EU, China, Australia, the whole world. She's just contacting you right now. How about what do you do before this project? Oh, I had another business that failed because of 9-11. I used to make baby products, actually. I made strollers. What did you have to do with 9-11? Oh, it happened because 9-11 caused a ripple in the US economy where people didn't buy things. I lost purchase orders. My manufacturers went out of business. I couldn't get my parts made. So you made a baby stroller. Yep. Yeah, believe that or not. Yeah, a car seat and stroller. The only American manufacturer is strollers. So you like an inventor, right? I am an inventor. But 9-11 really caused me a lot of personal problems because I was in the war earlier and I seen a building across the street from me get blown up and when the first tower fell with all the fire engines and EMT people and all that, something went off in my mind and I lost my ability to do what I used to do anyway because they said they had chronic to- You were in military. Yes. They said chronic to- PTSD. PTSD that was- Oh, hey, hey, hey, what are you doing? We need those papers, yeah. You got these papers? Yeah. Okay, thanks. No problem. No problem. No problem. No, no, I'm glad you caught it. Yeah, cool. We just need the papers. No problem. Thank you. All right. Good luck with the future and looking forward to- Yeah, yeah. And just going back- See some news about what you do next. Yeah. Oh, and what we're doing next, one thing I should explain also is I have to park in charge right now because the manufacturer, the EVs put safety control features on here. So when this is plugged into this port you can't put the vehicle in drive. It won't let you. It like locks up the transmission in park. But in the future, we're going to hopefully partner with a few of these manufacturers and we're going to hardwire that into the- So you want to charge while you drive? Charge and drive is the next- Is that safe? Yeah. And that's- But is that going to be possible? Yeah, it is. But it will charge- This cord won't be hanging out here. Then you use the battery on- Yeah, but it's still charged and drive. Charged something. Yeah. So you get like 30, 40% extra range or something, maybe. You know, you get all the extra range you'll be doing and it just fills up the battery that way from the back to the front. But you won't have this thing hanging out. You won't have an extension cord at all. You just need to update, hack the firmware on the Tesla or something. That's what I'm doing. Yeah, just hack the firmware. When I have the funding, we're going to take one apart. And how about this idea? I don't know if you should say that. How about this idea where you could go into some kind of place and they swap you a full one with an empty one and just continue driving? Yeah, too complicated. It's cheap battery, right? Yeah, cheap battery is still too complicated. You automate it. Maybe you know more than me. You come on board and help me. No, no. Hey, thanks. Thanks.