Stevenson gets the 72-54 win over Stockton here tonight at Owings Mills Gymnasium, Glenn Clark with Coach Jackie Boswell. Coach, we've talked so much over the last couple of years about defense creating offense, and I thought tonight was a prime example of the things that you want from your team and getting those stops there in the second quarter and really stretching things out and getting the offense going. Yeah, I thought we did a great job in the second quarter. We made some adjustments defensively, like you said, and we're able to get the easy shots on the offensive end. And now just being able to string two games together like that is really good, and I think a positive thing for us right now. How critical is that? Obviously, we know it's ahead on Wednesday night, and one of the best teams in the country is coming here, but to Stockpile, back-to-back really good efforts, how much more hope does that give you? Knowing it's going to be a quick turnaround for a tough game. Well, you know, I think that our team has proved that they have a lot of toughness this year after everything that they've been through, and every player has stepped up on our team, all 11 of them have really stepped up when we had players out. And now that we're full strength again, everybody's just happy for each other and just continuing to work hard. And so I think that no matter what happens on Wednesday, we've showed how tough we can be. And I'm looking forward to Wednesday, and I want to see what happens. One of the things that jumped out at me, the unselfishness, even in transition, you know, the number of times there was a bounce pass, the number of times that it would have been easy for one player to try to go to the basket, but it seemed like there was a lot of unselfishness on display tonight. Yeah, I couldn't be more proud of them for how they're sharing the ball with each other. Again, they all hang out together. They like each other, and that's important. I think we're going to be a tough team to want to play late in the conference here, and I'm just really happy for them. You know, I think that they've worked really hard, and like you said, just the unselfishness. I mean, you can't ask for anything better, and it just makes it a lot of fun to watch. So now this is the part where everybody needs to come out and support you guys on Wednesday night and try to help create an advantage for what's going to be a tough game. Yeah, I hope so. Anybody else that is listening, please, come to our game Wednesday night. It should be fun, both men's game and our game. I think we're going to have a good time Wednesday. Yeah, a great doubleheader here on Wednesday night. Coach, congratulations on a great win, and we will see a quick turnaround on Wednesday. That's great. Thank you. She's Jackie Boswell. I'm Glenn Clark for Go Mustang Sports dot com.


My fellow Americans, thank you for sharing your time with me tonight. The subject I want to discuss with you, peace and national security, is both timely and important, timely because I've reached a decision which offers a new hope for our children in the 21st century, a decision I'll tell you about in a few minutes, and important because there's a very big decision that you must make for yourselves. This subject involves the most basic duty that any president and any people share, the duty to protect and strengthen the peace. At the beginning of this year, I submitted to the Congress a defense budget which reflects my best judgment and the best understanding of the experts and specialists who advise me about what we and our allies must do to protect our people in the years ahead. That budget is much more than a long list of numbers, for behind all the numbers lies America's ability to prevent the greatest of human tragedies and preserve our free way of life in a sometimes dangerous world. It is part of a careful long-term plan to make America strong again after too many years of neglect and mistakes. Our efforts to rebuild America's defenses and strengthen the peace began two years ago when we requested a major increase in the defense program. Since then, the amount of those increases we first proposed has been reduced by half through improvements in management and procurement and other savings. The budget request that is now before the Congress has been trimmed to the limits of safety. Further deep cuts cannot be made without seriously endangering the security of the nation. The choice is up to the men and women you've elected to the Congress and that means the choice is up to you. Tonight I want to explain to you what this defense debate is all about and why I'm convinced that the budget now before the Congress is necessary, responsible and deserving of your support. And I want to offer hope for the future. But first let me say what the defense debate is not about. It is not about spending arithmetic. I know that in the last few weeks you've been bombarded with numbers and percentages. Some say we need only a five percent increase in defense spending. The so-called alternate budget backed by liberals in the House of Representatives would lower the figure to two to three percent, cutting our defense spending by a hundred and sixty three billion dollars over the next five years. The trouble with all these numbers is that they tell us little about the kind of defense program America needs, all the benefits and security and freedom that our defense effort buys for us. What seems to have been lost in all this debate is the simple truth of how a defense budget is arrived at. It isn't done by deciding to spend a certain number of dollars. Those loud voices that are occasionally heard charging that the government is trying to solve a security problem by throwing money at it are nothing more than noise based on ignorance. We start by considering what must be done to maintain peace and review all the possible threats against our security. Then a strategy for strengthening peace and defending against those threats must be agreed upon. And finally our defense establishment must be evaluated to see what is necessary to protect against any or all of the potential threats. The cost of achieving these ends is totaled up and the result is the budget for national defense. There is no logical way that you can say let's spend X billion dollars less. You can only say which part of our defense measures do we believe we can do without and still have security against all contingencies. Anyone in the Congress who advocates a percentage or specific dollar cut in defense spending should be made to say what part of our defenses he would eliminate and he should be candid enough to acknowledge that his cuts mean cutting our commitments to allies or inviting greater risk or both. The defense policy of the United States is based on a simple premise. The United States does not start fights. We will never be an aggressor. We maintain our strength in order to deter and defend against aggression to preserve freedom and peace. Since the dawn of the atomic age we've sought to reduce the risk of war by maintaining a strong deterrent and by seeking genuine arms control. Deterrence means simply this making sure any adversary who thinks about attacking the United States or our allies or our vital interests concludes that the risks to him outweigh any potential gains. Once he understands that he won't attack. We maintain the peace through our strength. Weakness only invites aggression. This strategy of deterrence has not changed. It still works. But what it takes to maintain deterrence has changed. It took one kind of military force to deter an attack when we had far more nuclear weapons than any other power. It takes another kind now that the Soviets for example have enough accurate and powerful nuclear weapons to destroy virtually all of our missiles on the ground. Now this is not to say that the Soviet Union is planning to make war on us. Nor do I believe a war is inevitable. Quite the contrary. But what must be recognized is that our security is based on being prepared to meet all threats. There was a time when we depended on coastal forts and artillery batteries because with the weaponry of that day any attack would have had to come by sea. Well this is a different world and our defenses must be based on recognition and awareness of the weaponry possessed by other nations in the nuclear age. We can't afford to believe that we will never be threatened. There had been two world wars in my lifetime. We didn't start them and indeed did everything we could to avoid being drawn into them. But we were ill-prepared for both. Had we been better prepared, peace might have been preserved. For 20 years the Soviet Union has been accumulating enormous military night. They didn't stop when their forces exceeded all requirements of a legitimate defensive capability and they haven't stopped now. During the past decade and a half the Soviets have built up a massive arsenal of new strategic nuclear weapons. Weapons that can strike directly at the United States. As an example, the United States introduced its last new intercontinental ballistic missile, the Minuteman III in 1969. And we're now dismantling our even older Titan missiles. But what has the Soviet Union done in these intervening years? Well since 1969 the Soviet Union has built five new classes of ICBMs and upgraded these eight times. As a result, their missiles are much more powerful and accurate than they were several years ago and they continue to develop more while ours are increasingly obsolete. The same thing has happened in other areas. Over the same period the Soviet Union built four new classes of submarine launched ballistic missiles and over 60 new missile submarines. We built two new types of submarine missiles and actually withdrew 10 submarines from strategic missions. The Soviet Union built over 200 new backfire bombers and their brand new Blackjack bomber is now under development. We haven't built a new long range bomber since our B-52s were deployed about a quarter of a century ago and we've already retired several hundred of those because of old age. Indeed, despite what many people think our strategic forces only cost about 15% of the defense budget. Another example of what's happened. In 1978 the Soviets had 600 intermediate range nuclear missiles based on land and were beginning to add the SS-20, a new highly accurate mobile missile with three warheads. We had none. Since then the Soviets have strengthened their lead. By the end of 1979 when Soviet leader Brezhnev declared a balance now exists the Soviets had over 800 warheads. We still had none. A year ago this month Mr. Brezhnev pledged a moratorium or freeze on SS-20 deployment but by last August their 800 warheads had become more than 1200. We still had none, some freeze. At this time Soviet Defense Minister Yustinov announced approximate parity of forces continues to exist but the Soviets are still adding an average of three new warheads a week and now have 1300. These warheads can reach their targets in a matter of a few minutes. We still have none. So far it seems that the Soviet definition of parity is a box score of 1300 to nothing in their favor. So together with our NATO allies we decided in 1979 to deploy new weapons beginning this year as a deterrent to their SS-20s and as an incentive to the Soviet Union to meet us in serious arms control negotiations. We will begin that deployment late this year. At the same time however, we're willing to cancel our program if the Soviets will dismantle theirs. This is what we've called a zero, zero plan. The Soviets are now at the negotiating table and I think it's fair to say that without our planned deployments, they wouldn't be there. Now let's consider conventional forces. Since 1974, the United States has produced 3,050 tactical combat aircraft. By contrast, the Soviet Union has produced twice as many. When we look at attack submarines, the United States has produced 27 while the Soviet Union has produced 61 for armored vehicles including tanks we've produced 11,200. The Soviet Union has produced 54,000 nearly five to one in their favor. Finally with artillery, we've produced 950 artillery and rocket launchers while the Soviets have produced more than 13,000 a staggering 14 to one ratio. There was a time when we were able to offset superior Soviet numbers with higher quality but today, they're building weapons as sophisticated and modern as our own. As the Soviets have increased their military power, they've been emboldened to extend that power. They're spreading their military influence in ways that can directly challenge our vital interests and those of our allies. The following aerial photographs, most of them secret until now, illustrate this point in a crucial area very close to home. Central America and the Caribbean Basin. They're not dramatic photographs but I think they help give you a better understanding of what I'm talking about. This Soviet intelligence collection facility less than 100 miles from our coast is the largest of its kind in the world. The acres and acres of antenna fields and intelligence monitors are targeted on key U.S. military installations and sensitive activities. The installation in Lord S. Cuba is manned by 1,500 Soviet technicians and the satellite ground station allows instant communications with Moscow. This 28 square mile facility has grown by more than 60% in size and capability during the past decade. In western Cuba, we see this military airfield and its complement of modern Soviet built MiG-23 aircraft. The Soviet Union uses this Cuban airfield for its own long range reconnaissance missions and earlier this month, two modern Soviet anti-submarine warfare aircraft began operating from it. During the past two years, the level of Soviet arms exports to Cuba can only be compared to the levels reached during the Cuban Missile Crisis 20 years ago. This third photo, which is the only one in this series that has been previously made public, shows Soviet military hardware that has made its way to Central America. This airfield with its MI-8 helicopters, anti-aircraft guns, and protected fighter sites is one of a number of military facilities in Nicaragua which has received Soviet equipment funneled through Cuba and reflects the massive military buildup going on in that country. On the small island of Grenada, at the southern end of the Caribbean chain, the Cubans with Soviet financing and backing are in the process of building an airfield with a 10,000-foot runway. Grenada doesn't even have an air force. Who is it intended for? The Caribbean is a very important passageway for our international commerce and military lines of communication. More than half of all American oil imports now pass through the Caribbean. The rapid buildup of Grenada's military potential is unrelated to any conceivable threat to this island country of under 110,000 people and totally at odds with the pattern of other Eastern Caribbean states, most of which are unarmed. The Soviet Cuban militarization of Grenada, in short, can only be seen as power projection into the region and it is in this important economic and strategic area that we're trying to help the governments of El Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, and others in their struggles for democracy against guerrillas supported through Cuba and Nicaragua. These pictures only tell a small part of the story. I wish I could show you more without compromising our most sensitive intelligence sources and methods, but the Soviet Union is also supporting Cuban military forces in Angola and Ethiopia. They have bases in Ethiopia and South Yemen near the Persian Gulf oil fields. They've taken over the port that we built at Cam Ran Bay in Vietnam and now for the first time in history, the Soviet Navy is a force to be reckoned with in the South Pacific. Some people may still ask, would the Soviets ever use their formidable military power? Well, again, can we afford to believe they won't? There is Afghanistan and in Poland, the Soviets denied the will of the people and in so doing demonstrated the world how their military power could also be used to intimidate. The final fact is that the Soviet Union is acquiring what can only be considered an offensive military force. They have continued to build far more intercontinental ballistic missiles than they could possibly need simply to deter an attack. Their conventional forces are trained and equipped not so much to defend against an attack as they are to permit sudden surprise offensives of their own. Our NATO allies have assumed a great defense burden, including the military draft in most countries. We're working with them and our other friends around the world to do more. Our defensive strategy means we need military forces that can move very quickly, forces that are trained and ready to respond to any emergency. Every item in our defense program, our ships, our tanks, our planes, our funds for training and spare parts is intended for one all important purpose, to keep the peace. Unfortunately, a decade of neglecting our military forces had called into question our ability to do that. When I took office in January 1981, I was appalled by what I found. American planes that couldn't fly and American ships that couldn't sail for lack of spare parts and trained personnel and insufficient fuel and ammunition for essential training. The inevitable result of all this was poor morale in our armed forces, difficulty in recruiting the brightest young Americans to wear the uniform and difficulty in convincing our most experienced military personnel to stay on. There was a real question then about how well we could meet a crisis and it was obvious that we had to begin a major modernization program to ensure we could deter aggression and preserve the peace in the years ahead. We had to move immediately to improve the basic readiness and staying power of our conventional forces so they could meet and therefore help deter a crisis. We had to make up for lost years of investment by moving forward with a long-term plan to prepare our forces to counter the military capabilities our adversaries were developing for the future. I know that all of you want peace and so do I. I know too that many of you seriously believe that a nuclear freeze would further the cause of peace but a freeze now would make us less not more secure and would raise not reduce the risks of war. It would be largely unverifiable and would seriously undercut our negotiations on arms reduction. It would reward the Soviets for their massive military buildup while preventing us from modernizing our aging and increasingly vulnerable forces. With their present margin of superiority why should they agree to arms reductions knowing that we were prohibited from catching up. Believe me it wasn't pleasant for someone who had come to Washington determined to reduce government spending but we had to move forward with the task of repairing our defenses or we would lose our ability to deter conflict now and in the future. We had to demonstrate to any adversary that aggression could not succeed and that the only real solution was substantial, equitable and effectively verifiable arms reduction the kind we're working for right now in Geneva. Thanks to your strong support and bipartisan support from the Congress we began to turn things around. Already we're seeing some very encouraging results. Quality recruitment and retention are up dramatically. More high school graduates are choosing military careers and more experienced career personnel are choosing to stay. Our men and women in uniform at last are getting the tools and training they need to do their jobs. Ask around today especially among our young people and I think you'll find a whole new attitude towards serving their country. This reflects more than just better pay equipment and leadership. You the American people have sent a signal to these young people that it is once again an honor to wear the uniform. That's not something you measure in a budget but it's a very real part of our nation's strength. It'll take us longer to build the kind of equipment we need to keep peace in the future but we've made a good start. We haven't built a new long range bomber for 21 years. Now we're building the B-1. We hadn't launched one new strategic submarine for 17 years. Now we're building one Trident submarine a year. Our land based missiles are increasingly threatened by the many huge new Soviet ICBMs. We're determining how to solve that problem. At the same time we're working in the start and INF negotiations with a goal of achieving deep reductions in the strategic and intermediate nuclear arsenals of both sides. We have also begun the long needed modernization of our conventional forces. The Army is getting its first new tank in 20 years. The Air Force is modernizing. We're rebuilding our Navy which shrank from about 1,000 ships in the late 1960s to 453 during the 1970s. Our nation needs a superior Navy to support our military forces and vital interests overseas. We're now on the road to achieving a 600 ship Navy and increasing the amphibious capabilities of our Marines who are now serving the cause of peace in Lebanon. And we're building a real capability to assist our friends in the vitally important Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf region. This adds up to a major effort and it isn't cheap. It comes at a time when there are many other pressures on our budget and when the American people have already had to make major sacrifices during the recession. But we must not be misled by those who would make defense once again the scapegoat of the federal budget. The fact is that in the past few decades, we have seen a dramatic shift in how we spend the taxpayer's dollar. Back in 1955, payments to individuals took up only about 20% of the federal budget. For nearly three decades, these payments steadily increased and this year will account for 49% of the budget. By contrast, in 1955, defense took up more than half of the federal budget. By 1980, this spending had fallen to a low of 23%. Even with the increase that I am requesting this year, defense will still amount to only 28% of the budget. The calls for cutting back the defense budget come in nice simple arithmetic. They're the same kind of talk that led the democracies to neglect their defenses in the 1930s and invited the tragedy of World War II. We must not let that grim chapter of history repeat itself through apathy or neglect. This is why I'm speaking to you tonight. To urge you to tell your senators and congressmen that you know we must continue to restore our military strength. If we stop in midstream, we will send a signal of decline of lessened will to friends and adversaries alike. Free people must voluntarily, through open debate and democratic means, meet the challenge that totalitarians pose by compulsion. It's up to us in our time to choose and choose wisely between the hard but necessary task of preserving peace and freedom and the temptation to ignore our duty and blindly hope for the best while the enemies of freedom grow stronger day by day. The solution is well within our grasp, but to reach it, there is simply no alternative but to continue this year in this budget to provide the resources we need to preserve the peace and guarantee our freedom. Now thus far tonight, I've shared with you my thoughts on the problems of national security we must face together.  But since the advent of nuclear weapons, those steps have been increasingly directed toward deterrence of aggression through the promise of retaliation. This approach to stability through offensive threat has worked. We and our allies have succeeded in preventing nuclear war for more than three decades. In recent months, however, my advisors, including in particular the Joint Chiefs of Staff, have underscored the necessity to break out of a future that relies solely on offensive retaliation for our security. Over the course of these discussions, I've become more and more deeply convinced that the human spirit must be capable of rising above dealing with other nations and human beings by threatening their existence. Feeling this way, I believe we must thoroughly examine every opportunity for reducing tensions and for introducing greater stability into the strategic calculus on both sides. One of the most important contributions we can make is, of course, to lower the level of all arms and particularly nuclear arms. We're engaged right now in several negotiations with the Soviet Union to bring about a mutual reduction of weapons. I will report to you a week from tomorrow my thoughts on that score. But let me just say I'm totally committed to this course. If the Soviet Union will join with us in our effort to achieve major arms reduction, we will have succeeded in stabilizing the nuclear balance. Nevertheless, it will still be necessary to rely on the specter of retaliation, on mutual threat, and that's a sad commentary on the human condition. Wouldn't it be better to save lives than to avenge them? Are we not capable of demonstrating our peaceful intentions by applying all our abilities and our ingenuity to achieving a truly lasting stability? I think we are. Indeed, we must. After careful consultation with my advisors, including the Joint Chiefs of Staff, I believe there is a way. Let me share with you a vision of the future which offers hope. It is that we embark on a program to counter the awesome Soviet missile threat with measures that are defensive. Let us turn to the very strengths in technology that spawned our great industrial base and that have given us the quality of life we enjoy today. What if free people could live secure in the knowledge that their security did not rest upon the threat of instant U.S. retaliation to deter a Soviet attack, that we could intercept and destroy strategic ballistic missiles before they reached our own soil or that of our allies? I know this is a formidable technical task, one that may not be accomplished before the end of this century. Yet current technology has attained a level of sophistication where it's reasonable for us to begin this effort. It will take years, probably decades, of effort on many fronts. There'll be failures and setbacks just as there will be successes and breakthroughs. And as we proceed, we must remain constant in preserving the nuclear deterrent and maintaining a solid capability for flexible response. But isn't it worth every investment necessary to free the world from the threat of nuclear war? We know it is. In the meantime, we will continue to pursue real reductions in nuclear arms, negotiating from a position of strength that can be ensured only by modernizing our strategic forces. At the same time, we must take steps to reduce the risk of a conventional military conflict escalating to nuclear war by improving our non-nuclear capabilities. America does possess now the technologies to attain very significant improvements in the effectiveness of our conventional non-nuclear forces. Proceeding boldly with these new technologies, we can significantly reduce any incentive that the Soviet Union may have to threaten attack against the United States or its allies. As we pursue our goal of defensive technologies, we recognize that our allies rely upon our strategic offensive power to deter attacks against them. Their vital interests and ours are inextricably linked. Their safety and ours are one. And no change in technology can or will alter that reality. We must and shall continue to honor our commitments. I clearly recognize that defensive systems have limitations and raise certain problems and ambiguities. If paired with offensive systems, they can be viewed as fostering an aggressive policy and no one wants that. But with these considerations firmly in mind, I call upon the scientific community in our country, those who gave us nuclear weapons to turn their great talents now to the cause of mankind and world peace, to give us the means of rendering these nuclear weapons impotent and obsolete. Tonight, consistent with our obligations under the ABM Treaty and recognizing the need for closer consultation with our allies, I'm taking an important first step. I am directing a comprehensive and intensive effort to define a long-term research and development program to begin to achieve our ultimate goal of eliminating the threat posed by strategic nuclear missiles. This could pave the way for arms control measures to eliminate the weapons themselves. We seek neither military superiority nor political advantage. Our only purpose, one all people share, is to search for ways to reduce the danger of nuclear war. My fellow Americans, tonight we're launching an effort which holds the promise of changing the course of human history. There will be risks and results take time, but I believe we can do it. As we cross this threshold, I ask for your prayers and your support. Thank you. Good night and God bless you.


So today we are starting the second day of the open access week. On the second day, we are starting with a presentation that will focus one of the open services, the Opener Connect. The title for today's session is Aurora and Opener, Connecting Research and SDGs. So, as speakers, we have Alessio Bardi from CNR, and Isti from Italy, and Maurice from Britsch University of Amsterdam. Sorry if I pronounced wrong the name. They will talk about the service, Opener Connect service, and in practice the integration of the SDGs also in Opener Connecting and in Opener. And after lunch, just to remind that we'll have more sessions today, one more session. So this afternoon we will have the first Knowledge Cafe, the title Research Communities and Climate Action, being open to drive change. So the registrations are still open so you can register and participate also on this session. And we also have here some housekeeping rules for this session. So this event is being recorded, and the recording and the slides will be made available in the event page in the Opener portal. Your microphones are off, but during the DNA session we can open your microphone to put your questions to the speakers and we can also use the chat to put some comments or questions. We can also share this presentation in social media using the hashtags we have here on the slide at the bottom and also reference Opener. And that's it from my side. And I pass the floor to Alessio to start the presentation. Yes, thank you Andre for the introduction. So let me share my screen. Great, so I'm Alessio Bardi from the Italian National Research Council, I'm a researcher in computer science and have been involved in Opener since a lot of years and now I'm the product manager of Opener Connect, which is one of the services that Opener offers to research communities. So the presentation of today is, it's around Connect, but in fact, we will explain in more details, what are the collaboration activities that we are carrying out together with Aurora, which is a network of universities in Europe. Okay, and basically so we'll start with Maurice presentation on Aurora and the activities for open science and SDGs. Then I'll present to you the Opener Connect service. And then we'll conclude with a presentation of the Connect gateway and the monitoring dashboard of Aurora that have been set up in the context of our collaboration. Before we go into the details of this collaboration, let me briefly introduce Opener. So Opener is the, is a European scholarly communication infrastructure, and also a nonprofit organization. The organization is based in Greece but is composed of universities, search centers and libraries from all around Europe. The mission is to promote and foster open science and to do that, it offers services for policy making trainings and for the implementation of open science practices that can be adopted by research initiatives or organizations but also by the single researchers. And as you can see the services cover all phases of the research life cycle. So from publishing to the discovery and outreach services for interoperability and data management and so on. And here you can see all the services that Opener offers and you can find more information on each of them on the Opener catalog. So catalog.opener.u and based on the type of service that you need. The catalog will suggest you did the ones that Opener can offer to you. So the collaboration with Aurora. The collaboration started in September 2021 and covers different topics because both Aurora and Opener are interesting all the aspects of open science. In fact, we identified several lines of collaboration. So of course they are all related to each other, because the overall goal is that of strengthen the Aurora network, its universities, its researchers with open science tool. So the outreach of the research results of Aurora show off the impact and importance of what Aurora is doing with regards to the big societal challenges that can be represented somehow by the sustainable development goals as defined by the United Nations. So the first thing we did is to prepare a connect gateway. A connect gateway that could work as a single entry point to all research results of the Aurora universities. And to do that, we had to ensure that all repositories, all systems in the network were compliant with the Opener guidelines, so that they could be registered in Opener provide, which is the service for content providers. So by registering into provide they become part of Opener and this means that they provide content to the Opener applicator. And this metadata that Opener collects is put together with all the other repositories does it's enriched by our full text mining algorithm, and so on. So Maya provide repositories and key systems also has the possibility to, to use added value services, like the broker service for enriching the local records with suggestions from Opener, or the usage count service, which can be used for tracking the usage in terms of views and results of the records. Then, in parallel, some researchers of Athena Research Center, which is one of the members of Opener had interesting exchange with the Aurora team, and they discussed approaches, challenges and solutions for classifying digital documents based on SDG goals and targets. Then we have the monitor. So, Maurice will show you the monitor dashboard for Aurora, where, oops, sorry. Okay. Maurice will show you the monitor dashboard for Aurora, where we have open science indicators so to keep track of different aspects of open science among the research results of the Aurora network. And as a work in progress, we have, let's say, we are working on the definition and integration of SDG indicators for the monitor. And the expertise of Aurora on this topic was a great opportunity for Opener to better understand the aspects that are relevant for our research initiative and how can we support these activities in this context. So now it's time to leave the floor to Maurice, who will tell us about Aurora and its activities on open science and SDGs. So I'm stopping sharing the screen. Thank you, Alessia, for this wonderful introduction. And yeah, I hope I can enlighten you a little bit more about our collaboration. So, I will start with, let's me see, sharing my screen and starting the presentation then sharing my screen. That doesn't go together, but we'll get there. Start sharing. Share the screen. I think you can see my screen right. Yes, yes, yes, we can see your screen. The question is what screen, do you see a blue thing? Yes, yes, and only the desktop. Okay. So now I can open this presentation. Good. Okay. Now you see the presentation. So, I will tell you something about first about Aurora, and then about our open science project and then about our SDG project. And then I think I go back to Alessia. So Aurora is also as many member organizations, universities, so like the Freie Universität Amsterdam, University of Iceland, East Anglia, et cetera, so there are 10 of them. And we, it's a partnership of like minded and closely collaborating research intensive European universities to use their academic excellence to drive societal change and contribute to the sustainable development goals. And this is a bold statement and that's what we try to figure out how can we show that and I will come back later in the presentation, how we try to achieve that to make that more visible. Let's talk about open science. So open science there is a program that we've working on, which has several parts. So task one is to create open knowledge base on open science and what we try to do is to create this open science function to the SDG dashboard. It's pretty neatly thought out, but it's better to work together with open air to to work out that dashboard in this open science monitor. And that's where I go back into later in this presentation to show you more about that. We share a knowledge base of open science resources policies and next best practices within the community, but also with the lessons learned and services that are available from open air. The second is to set up training modules for young researchers and again, also a lot of resources are already available from within open air that that can be used and reused for that purpose. So that's that's why this collaboration is so great to see so we can strengthen each other's work and work with so we're already been done. And the last part is to create an open science starter kit for open science communities. And that's also very nice to to look into, because that's also open for the rest of the European universities to to create open science community from the bottom up with young researchers to enable starting to talk about open science and how to enable them to do that. So this is the scope, and it's been adopted from the Dutch National science program strategy program, where you have different strengths and the horizontal part is it's on working on policy, working on recognition and rewarding researchers for open science, setting up communities community engagement, so that also to learn research to how to communicate with society, getting support and training for open science and having the infrastructure to to make to enable that. And then there in vertical vertical parts that it's fair and responsible research so that's the research part. Public engagement, so to see to tell the public what our research is about. And, but also to set up startups etc doing that engagement, and of course opens open education. That's a third pillar of of, well, the business of doing universities in, at least in the Netherlands but also here in Aurora. And where we create for where we're all do these things fit so we have tasks, the knowledge base sits on the policy we have open science community building package and open science training. And citizen engagement, and all the other parts are done in other work packages of this project. I go a little bit quicker, because I'm aware of the time. So, as I said before, so the open science dashboard, we tried to work, we worked together with open open air to to monitor these open science. knowledge base and open science community started kit. So, if you go to this URL. And we'll send out the links later on I guess you, you can pick up to your starter kit as well to create a community so in the Netherlands, we've a lot of communities at each university has established open science community. So it's been exported overseas as well in Europe. And we want to create more. Where is it. Yeah, that's my presentation more in the year. In the Aurora University as well. So that was the first part. So the second part is the second program. It's called Erasmus plus funding. It's a sustainable development goals research dashboard. So, I think I want to show you a patient and I hope this works if it doesn't just let me know if you don't hear the sound etc so it gives you 30 seconds or is it 90 seconds introduction. So that saves me some time. Hi everyone, welcome to the introduction of the Aurora research dashboard where we show how our research output is related to the United Nations sustainable development goals SDGs for short. Aurora is a European University Alliance who aimed to harness their academic excellence to influence societal change through research and educational activities. The project Aurora SDG research dashboard aims to turn the SDGs into a leading narrative for research in the Aurora Alliance. The main goal is to make the interactive dashboard available for other universities, networks and stakeholders to demonstrate the societal relevance and societal impact of research of Aurora universities. This dashboard shows the research contributions in these societal challenges and how policymakers have used the research available to tackle these challenges. With this dashboard we want to answer the following questions. First, particularly and individually, contribute with our research output to grand societal challenges like the sustainable development goals, how freely and open accessible is our SDG related research output for the rest of society? How excellent is that SDG related research output perceived by the academic community in terms of field weighted citation impact? How is that SDG related research output used in societal debates such as news reports in technological advancements as in patents? How is our SDG related research output used in policy by governments and non-governmental organizations across the globe? How does excellent SDG related research output relate to societal impact? And finally, how do we internationally collaborate with researchers on specific SDG related research? Feel free to explore the data in the dashboard and find a narrative to answer these questions. Hi everyone, welcome. Did you see the video? Yes, yes. Okay, good, good. Because I saw a black screen. So we built this together with a team of people. And these are the people who are working on this. So I'm not doing this alone. This is a group of experts who work day and night on this project to make this happen. And so the idea is to turn SDGs into a leading narrative for the research for research in the Aurora Alliance. And what we want to have at the end of this year is to have a dashboard. And that's a robust tool that can be used by different stakeholders like communication officers, policy officers, grant officers to use this tool to see where the collaboration is and how strong we are on certain SDGs or the open science part, the open access part of that for certain SDGs. And we want to make this available for other universities. And that part is we could export this product and just like that. But what our aim was was also to, especially to collaborate with open air to find in this partnership things so that we can deliver something that everybody can later on use. In the SDGs but also on the impact pages on the monitor, for example, to work on that so to have a similar experience that we have in our custom made dashboard. So this is the timeline. We started with was to work on specific queries to find research papers, we got 1.5 million papers back and use those abstracts to train an AI that can identify text fragments and put a label on it for each of the SDGs in multiple languages and that was very important because not all our research is written in English but also in German and Italian, etc. So we want to use that AI to translate those labels also to other languages. We use that to classify our papers I made it isn't that in the dashboard, but that's basically it. So, bearing of time. Very short very brief. So, come back to the statement that we've made. So Aurora is a partnership of like minded and closely collaborating research intensive European universities use their academic excellence to drive society change and contribute to the sustainable goals that was there. It's a statement of Aurora. So I use these, we use these statements and said, okay, what are these things exactly. So what is the research intensity. So we looked at the publications, for example, for each research output. Academic excellence see the field weighted citation impact. To see how excellent research is and specifically on these SDGs. So we want to see to drive societal change you want to see how open accessible is are these publications, are they used in policy documents are they used in patents, and are they used in news reports. And, of course, we want to see to filter on on the SDGs. So this is the dashboard, for example, where you can see for each university. What their contribution is on each SDG. And you can also see that how much of the research is not related to the SDGs so that's the great gray areas. You can see how much we contribute and then you can zoom into each of these SDGs to see relationships are among each among each other. So we, we even can zoom into organizational level so what we did we put the publications on each sub organizations or faculties and departments, so you can even zoom in where that research is hitting in the organization itself. So this is a co author collaboration. Here we can filter for example on on the landlock developing countries. So we can see what kind of research, especially on the SDGs. It's been done collaboratively in these countries. So it's 3000 papers have been co authors also have co authors with with co co authors in these countries. So basically, working on high energy. And then we want to see the excellence, open access. And there are also, for example, policy impact so we use overtone to add that information in there to see what kind of in the least developing countries, what kind of research has been used by us by by the Aurora universities and on which SDG specifically are they And this is an example where you can see, for example, where you, we have a highly site field with site citation research and SG nine and has a On average, it's a high has has a lot of citations. field weighted. And, but it has a low policy uptake, lower than the average. What we can see here so this is this might be an SDG where it could be much more attention to drawn towards for policymakers to see what kind of research is there in there, and to start finding policymakers that can actually use our research so so we haven't can have a proactive engagement with policymakers, showing that excellent research from us to do that. Also, these are byproducts what I show you now, because we have made a classification system. We also want to build a service on online service where you can insert a text snippet tracks fragment and you can press classify and it classifies this text fragment to the SDGs. You can extract the data if you want. But also you can embed this as a badge on on on webpage, for example. So for example, here on the right. There's our research portal from from the University of Amsterdam, and you can embed these kind of badges onto your repository. But though here's an example. This is a mock up from the Aurora. Gateway we made made from with open air. And we could also put those labels on there. But this is a mock up it's not reality right now that we're working on these, these kind of things. And on the on the, what is it called the details page of publication. So, now I will talk about gateway and monitor but maybe Alessia needs to take over a bit. Yes, I have a presentation for connect in general. So it will explain what is connect and what are the possibilities for creating a gateway. And then I think you can present the gateway and the and the monitor dashboard. Okay, so usually when I start talking about connect I talk about open science. Now here in this audience I think we all know what open science is we know that it's not one thing. It's a lot of things it's a lot of practices for something that is not open science just for the sake of it but it's because we want to have science research that is reproducible transparent. And we want to be give credit to researchers for everything that they do. So not only the final typical traditional publication but also for the data sets for the software for the workflows for all the steps that resulted in the final results of the research. And clearly, with openness comes the possibility to be not only be open for academics but also open to society and to the public, as Maurice explained just a few minutes ago, in a perfect way. But also open science has been recognized by UNESCO and I'm citing here a sentence from Anna Perzic. Open science has been recognized as a key factor key accelerator for achieving the sustainable development goals. And if we acknowledge that, then it means that research performing organizations and research communities need to make the best as they can in order to embrace open science in order to speed up their progress and their impact towards the SDGs. And clearly, it would be not very nice if research communities do this effort, make this effort, and then nobody knows, because that would be a pity, and you will not reach the goal of actually outreach to the public and be open to the society. So not having a dedicated portal where you that you can use to communicate what you're doing is like if you're speaking to an empty audience. So what should we do. So we need to track, we need to track the output of research, how they are interconnected to each other so that we have a record of research, which is contextualized. So it's not only about the publications and the data but it's also how they are connected to each other, which was the funding project, which are who are the organization who are the people. So having this complete record of research. It's very important also to have a narrative of your results in the end. And you also want to monitor because as a research initiative and research communities. You will have policies in place, or you want to understand how your researcher adopt open science practices, and this is where also a monitor comes into the game. But the indicators of what you're going to monitor need to be open and transparent as well. And the process should be reproducible. So we discover. So if you want to show your efforts, your results. Then you need to allow people to discover your results and not just with the standard way of searching but maybe we need more advanced smarter discovery tools to do it. Clearly, one step towards this is to classify the results with the SDGs and allow a search on on this aspect. It doesn't come for free. There are several challenges to do that due to the heterogeneity of the metadata describing the research outputs and the data sources from which this information can be collected. So repositories system thematic repositories publishers and so on. So this is something that should be taken into account when we are pulling information from different sources and the publication deluge, meaning, I mean the number of research products, publications, data sets, other types of research products is increasing month after month more than 200 millions published research is available and thousands of scholarly communication sources so discovery identification of relevant products is a challenge. And it's a challenge also due to the lack of completeness and lack of quality of some part of the data and the metadata. So these are all aspects that have to be considered when thinking about, you know, tracking everything of your research landscape. So clearly you need to have an infrastructure and it requires time it requires expertise and research and development. In the open air, we try to help community on these with connect because with connect. Basically, you can create your personalized gateway portal, where you can basically discover the research outcomes that are relevant for your community. To be clear, it's a portal that gives you a view of the open air research graph. And for those of you who don't know what the open air research graph is is big basically data set, which contains metadata about all types of research products linked to each other. And linked to other entities of the research life cycle. So affiliations, authors, funding grants, data sources. So the journals, all this kind of information is put together and linked to each other with semantic relationships. The information that compose the graph is not only what open air collects from different data sources. But we are also able to apply full text mining algorithm in order to enrich this information with what we can find in the full text and it's not available in the metadata, which is often the case for example for links to funding projects or links to data sets. The portal is not just a discovery portal. It has complete branding capabilities so you can configure it exactly with the identity of your community and the example from Aurora is perfect in this sense. As I said, it's not just about discovery. It's also about integration with other scholarly communication services. Clearly, some of the open air services likes and other usage counts and Explorer, but also our kid and the EOS authorization and authentication infrastructure. These are services for implementing open science practices. So the linking service, which you can use to link publications, data sets and software and so on, so that you basically know which the graph, the record of research for your community, but also services for finding the open repositories to use and therefore sharing your research project. The service is operated by open air. This means that you don't need to take care about the IT staff, installation, maintenance, bug fixing backups, it's all on open air. And the data that is discoverable via the portal is updated automatically every one, two months. Basically, according to the update schedule of the open air research graph. Because this is how it works. So we start from the open air research graph and we apply a configuration. So the criteria by which the research products are relevant for the community. So we identify these relevant products in the open air research graph. And we talk them, we talk them for the community, so that they are discoverable then in the community gateway. And we also publish the metadata as dumps in Zenodo. So in the end, what you will get if you if you have an open air connect gateway. So from the administration point of view, you get a dashboard that you can use to configure the gateway. So you tell us which are the criteria by which the products should be included. And this is fundamental. I mean, the configuration is the very heart of your gateway. And there's community creator, you can specify different criteria of inclusion. So a list of keywords, project rents, a list of thematic repositories and journals, thematic Zenodo communities or organizations that you know are working in, in a specific field. And also the users of the gateway can contribute to these, and they can add the missing products and links between the products with the link functionality. We also have the open air algorithms. So one is called the propagation algorithm, which basically propagates the fact that a product is relevant for a community from one product to another. For example, if a publication is relevant because it has a specific specific keyword, and is supplemented by a data set, then also the data set is relevant for the community, and so on. Then we have the full text mining algorithms, which looks into the abstract and the full text of open access publications to identify new information. As I said before, and this includes projects, affiliations, document classifications, related data and others. So this is all information that we can exploit to identify products of the community. Then clearly there is the public portal. So while the admin part is only for the gateway creator, then we have the public part. So you have a portal where you can search for any type of research products and you have a very nice filter on the left that helps you in the discovery, but it also helps you to keep track of the open size practices. Of the community because there are some, some of the filters are really helpful in this case. For basic thing because as you will see afterwards, we can set up a monitor dashboard in order to better track the uptake of the open science practices of the communities. And yes, then we have the possibility to find the repository to deposit research products and the linking functionality as I was saying before. So the latest development news for Connect. So if you are a manager, you may have noticed that the homepage change. So we basically had a full redesign of the user experience user interface of the Connect gateways. So we have a new menu here in the middle, a new subject page and other details that makes the gateways much nicer than they were before. And also the landing pages of publications and other research products has been updated. So basically, all the actions are now go from the bottom left so that they are more compact and they are easier to to be used. And we also have a more compact view of the different versions of our search products. Then I think very, very nice improvement is now the possibility to create a customized menu. So in addition to the default one, which is always on the top you can create your own menu here so you can link back to your community website or to your research infrastructure website to the project website, or to whatever you, you might have to link. So as you can see, Aurora is not the only organization we are working with with Connect. So there are many other communities in place. Some have already made their gateway public, other are still working on it. So you cannot access all of them, but we are covering a lot of different research topics and we are very proud of the response of the research communities in this sense. But we're still open. So if you want to apply for your community gateway, you can do it. Just go to the Connect website and fill in the form that you can find here. And thanks to the Opener Nexus projects, we can start the work and it will be for free until June 2023. And then after that we can see if we have opportunities for the sustainability of the gateways afterwards. So this concludes my presentation. So I think Maurice, you can show your wonderful gateway now. Yes, thanks. Yeah, wonderful gateway. Yeah, it is, it is actually wonderful. And, well, thank you for that explanation about what the product was more, Alessia, because I couldn't do a better job because I was thinking what else do I need to add to this and I also discovered new things like the menus I didn't know about that. So thank you for that. Thank you for the screen again. So here, where are we with my presentation? So I will, a little bit of context. So Opener and Aurora have built a partnership and it's basically on societal impact and open science. So what Aurora could offer was users, a community of researchers and also knowledge about SED classification. So that's what we also brought in. And Opener has for us a gateway monitor and other training and services that we can use. Yeah, let's go forward. So the neat thing about this is the old picture, the old user interface, sorry about that, I need to update the picture of the Aurora gateway. And what we did with the SED project was to collect all the publications from each university and we did this using Excel and then we tried to figure out all the fields and normalize the data and do all that stuff. But this neat thing is that if you connect to the Aurora gateway or to the Open Air Research Graph effect, then you don't have to bother with all that stuff, you could just connect your repository and make sure you're here to the Open Air guidelines. And then it does all that dirty data cleaning stuff for you. And then you can extract the data. Well, it's basically put on the gateway itself, but if you want to use the data itself, then you go to the Zenodo data dump and then you collect your community data from there. And that's your starting point where you can start working on the data in many different ways. And that's the new workflow that we are trying to implement in the next months to see if we can use this as a starting point for creating our custom dashboard. And the neat thing is when these publications are in there and if they are open access, they get processed as well. And the Open Air extracts lots more information for you that you can use. So for example, we didn't know about the research projects that were involved, but in fact are in the publications itself, even though we didn't put the metadata on the records itself in the repositories. So you can use that to enrich your information. And also it gets more about it also tags automatically the SDGs, etc. This is about the monitor. So I will first let show you put this window here. This dashboard itself but the custom dashboard that we made, but I will now go to Open Air. So first, what you need to do is to add repositories or Chris systems in using provides or go to provide not open air. So I'm making a sales page now for open air. So you register your repository. And then it collects your information. So with this user interface from our university. So we have also another one and data personnel collects the data in here and then you see also it comes with enrichments. So this is this is interesting tell you which author identify fires open air found for us to add into our metadata to enrich our metadata, even better. So that's that's a neat thing also user user discount we don't use that yet. I think added to into a repository so the clicks on the views and downloads are being transferred to open air to have that on the monitor, but every university of us does this right as their repository, and then we can add it to the dashboard to the to the gateway. So, if you go to manage. I need to sign in again, sometimes signs out for security reasons. And then, if you go to data sources, you can add your repository here by finding looking up the repository. And then add this to the existing list of repositories that you use. And it's added. We have several of them here. And they are all added to do this to our list. And then I go to the homepage again. Oh yes.  And you can just invite someone in your projects to be added. And of course customization, etc, etc, so really, really, really nice. Back to the homepage again. Then you see how many publications from repositories are in there, but also from the entities that we have to say something about the positions that are put in here. The organizations in there sort of finds the affiliation in the publications that are not in our repositories but somewhere else. Somebody else put, put some, for example, a data set in a repository on dry it or something like that. And we didn't know about it, but they are also put into the gateway as well by affiliation. So we get not only the publications, but also in here. And research software from from Aurora and other research project products. So this is pretty neat to look into. So this is just an overview. But if you go to view all, then it goes to another page. Where you can see much more in detail and filter much more in detail, your publications, data sets and research software. So you can see, for example, in these facets, how many publications are in open access or or closed access. The document types, the fields of science and this is added by open air itself by using AI to find out what kind of field of science that particular publication is referring to, but also here. The SDS as well. So here you can see for peace and justice, we can select that easily. And if here are the papers that are related to SG 16. And that's all about peace and justice. And this is how how that works. So this is this is just an overview of all that information. And, and it's it's pretty neat already. But if you had information. You also can have a have a have a dashboard. It's, it's all it goes goes in this workflow automatically because the data is already there. So we have a dashboard where where you can just see in a quick overview, how many publications data set and software there is. But if you are interested in open science. You can zoom in this for publications you can see the open access but also here the CD APC's things for for plan S and also the fairness of the data sort of about the compliancy of the metadata that we have produced for these records. Not only publications but data sets and software as well. So it's it's pretty amazing that we can see this all this with the only thing we needed to do is to add or make our repositories compliant to open air and add it to the to the gateway. So, in, in, from our perspective it's easy. I mean, for open air it's been done a fantastic job in the in the past years to, to, to go this far, but now you can read the the the fruits from, from what they've shown in those years and this it's, it's, I'm pretty much amazed by this. And we can use these diagrams in kinds of reports, you can download this as an Excel or download this as a picture and make reports in this you can see the collaboration in organizations and you can see the impact and on this in terms of the downloads that have been produced now in in open air. But if we connect with usage counters from each of our repositories we can add that information as well. Here you see that the sg's coming soon. And that's what we are also working with with open air to see what what kind of information do you want to put on on this kind of these pages. And then we have here the dashboard that we have so we can give them advice on on how you want to filter particular things or to see collaboration on particular sg for example. We've done here as well on live on land for example. And we can see on a heat map where the collaboration is on on that particular sg and also on the topics. And which with all which authors are working mostly on this. So, I think that's, that's pretty much what I have to say about this. And what, what's the time. So we have that say eight minutes left. Yes, we still have some time yes. Thank you. So this is my team who waves at you and say thank you for my very much for for having us and working together. Thank you Maurice. Thank you very much. Thank you. Let's hand Maurice for your presentation. I think it was very explanatory and you were you have presented in detail. The, the service and the value functionalities. And now we have some time for questions or comments from the participants. We have two questions in the chat. This is from Amar. That is, what is the, what are the difficulties and limitations faces the sdgs program to be all well well to other universities and increase the networks. So I think this is a question for me, I guess. The difficulties and limitations faced the sdg program to be allowable for other universities and increase the networks. I try to understand the question but if I interpreted like. So what, what we want to do in Aurora is to connect the researchers together with a certain sdg. So, if I show again, my, my board I try to show how we try to answer that question. So show you now you see the dashboard right. So what we, what we try to do now is to find collaboration current existing collaborations on on the sdg so here we want to filter for example on life on land. We want to see here which research which researchers produce the more locations on that sdg. And here are the, are the institutions who are the working the most on on those, those sdgs for example, I am from the university that Amsterdam. We have produced 213 publications on on that. These are the authors, but we want to, for example, if we want to see what what we what our current collaboration is from the view with Innsbruck. I'm not sure if this, if this example works because and then. So we don't have any collaboration with Innsbruck. That's what it says, basically. And, but what was it, he sangly perhaps has. So we can see. So we can see which authors are collaborating with Innsbruck together so this is current collaboration but if you want to look into new collaborations. And so you, you clear all the filters as these 15, and you want to find out collaboration on certain topic, for example on bird nests. And where you're interested in filter them. And then here you see the authors who are working on that particular topic so this could be an example. For example, the fields of science that we're producing in the in open air. Because we use now cycle, but we want to move to open infrastructure as much as possible. So we would love to work with the new data coming in. And to to filter on on that particular part and find out new collaborations, specifically, regarding to 15 regarding to see birds and birds nests. Does that answer the question a bit. I hope so. Yes, and if you okay. Yes, I'm a reply is that yes. Okay, we have another question from Maria Jose. I think this question is, is to Alessia, if not wrong, you said that the repository must be compliant with open air, but open air guidelines three or four. Any of those would work. So, in order to be harvested you have to be compliant and clearly we would like more and more repositories to be compliant with the latest version of the guidelines so guidelines for and the guidelines for the system. But also a compliance with three dot zero is is fine. And it's enough in order to be included in the graph and to be counted for the statistics that you see monitor. We still have some repositories that are compliant to the old driver guidelines so clearly. Newer the guideline richer is the metadata that you offer, and we can do more with what you give us. Okay, thank you very much. Okay, thank you. We have another question from 10 die. Is it possible to import the data into our other platform, or it's about link as a repository is first. The open air gateway. In general, I mean the research products, the metadata about the research products should be included in the open air research graph so this means that open air must harvest this information from somewhere. Either it comes from a repository, or, for example, as a user you can add missing publications by using the link functionality. But basically these allows you only to add metadata of research products that are already available from crossref data site or orchid. So you cannot actually upload something. Yes, and send additional time for questions so please feel free to add your questions, you can also open the microphone. Some questions or comments. If not, I think we can call this session that


Dear students, in this module, we are going to discuss the functionalist perspective on schooling and education. Functionalist perspective is a sociological approach that emphasizes the positive functions that institutions such as schools serve in the society. So, according to this perspective, schools serve several important functions including socialization, cultural transmission and social integration. So, when the functionalist perspective talks about the education system or the schooling system, according to them, the institution performs its functional role in the society and the school also performs its positive role in the society. The major role that performs is socialization. The role of the children's education is very important in today's modern school system.  And the second important lesson for the child after the mother's birth is school. So, socialization is an important function that is performed through schools. After that, the important thing is the transmission of the culture. You see that the children learn different behaviors in the school, they learn customs and customs, especially, they learn how to behave in the environment and society they live in. So, the children's environment is very limited in the house and they go out and talk to the external society or the external environment. So, the school plays a very important role in this matter, how they want to become a useful city for the society. For this, they teach them the national values or the national cultural values. And this particular focus is on the different customs and customs of the society and how they learn the customs and customs. Along with this, the most important function is how the child can play an integrative role in the society or can be socially integrated. So, social integration means that the child has to feel that he is a different part from the society, rather, he is part of the society. So, to make him a part of the society, to make him a part of the society, to integrate him in the society, the same process is taught through which the rest of the people are integrated into the society. In Pakistan, for example, schools play an important role in socializing students to dominant cultural norms and values such as the importance of education and role of religion in society. So, schools also facilitate the cultural transmission by teaching students important knowledge and skills such as language and mathematics. So, one important function is to focus on the life ideology of the society to make it useful. So that they can learn what is the purpose of their life and how to spend their life.   Schools also provide a structured environment in which students can learn important social norms, values and beliefs. And social integration is another function of school as they bring together students from diverse backgrounds and facilitate the social integration and understanding. So, in school, there is a very structured environment, that is why the child learns what is disciplined. Discipline is a very important aspect of our life and in it, we see that there is a case for a child in a structured form, that he can learn collective behaviour from different backgrounds, from different families and from different social backgrounds. Particularly, when it comes to social integration, it is very important for socialisation so that he does not feel isolated, but rather feel integrated and in this way, he can become a useful citizen of the society. By providing the students with a common experience, schools promote social cohesion and a sense of shared identity. So, functionalist perspective on schooling has been criticised for ignoring the negative consequences of education such as social reproduction of inequalities and reproduction of dominant cultural norms and values. Interestingly, only positive functions are encouraged from a functionalist perspective. So, a major criticism is that the negative consequences of a functionalist perspective ignore the education of schooling. A big negative consequence that comes from the schooling system is that potential inequalities are produced. When children go into competition, they do not have equitable opportunities or resources or equitable skills on the basis of which they are assumed that all of them are equal in their capabilities and they are put into competition on the basis of that. So, that is the basis of social inequality. So, this is a major criticism. Despite its limitations, the functionalist perspective on schooling is still relevant for understanding the positive functions that education serves in the society. And by analysing the ways in which the schools facilitate the socialisation, cultural transmission and social integration, we can gain a deeper understanding of the role of education in shaping individual and its collective behaviour. So, the full thought for you is to visit any school and see what the school is. According to the functionalists, all the functions that are mentioned, the school is performing all the functions, the function of socialisation, the function of social integration, the function of different skill learning, and the purpose of making the children a useful city for the society. Do all these functions fulfil the school or not?


You need some leaflets today? You like that? You got that too. Here you go, shoot! Shoot! Make some sparks.


Tom here from Lawrence Systems, and we're going to talk about this Dell R630. If you want to learn more about me and my company, head over to LawrenceSystems.com. If you'd like to hire short project, there's a hires button up at the top. If you want to support the channel in other ways, there's affiliate links down below for deals and discounts on products and services that we talk about on this channel. And very specifically, this is purchased from Tech Supply Direct. We do have an offer code down below for LTS services. They get you 10% off of your purchase if you buy from Tech Supply Direct. And we buy quite a few servers from them. We've been really happy with Tech Supply Direct. The only thing is not all the servers that we bought from them have made it across the studio bench because, well, people are buying them and they frequently get deployed very quickly and always have time to review them. This one's going into our stack, so I have time to review this one and we do it reviewing a little bit more in depth because I have time to do different testing with a different software load on there. Now, we've actually heard back from a lot of you, the audience, that have bought from Tech Supply Direct and I'm very happy to report since we started working with them last year, I've gotten a lot of positive feedback. And that matters to me. I've had very... I don't think I've had anyone really complain. One person kind of complained. They said something was wrong and they shipped them a replacement part but that's kind of what you expect if something goes wrong. So, by overall, it has been extremely positive for the volume of servers and we do see people who use our affiliate code. So, the number of complaints is very, very tiny. Number of people happy, very big. So, we always keep an eye on our affiliates that we work with. So, I want to make sure that people are happy. I don't want to push a company that wouldn't make you happy. And we do use them ourselves. I'm very much on... I don't have offer codes for things that we're not using. So, that's important. On to the server here. This Dell R630, this is Dell's 13th generation server. This is outfitted with the iDRAC Enterprise 8 dual 750W power supplies.  So, you got a one in the front, one in the back fan. I think that's kind of cool the way these pop in and out. And the dual fan case one fails. So, really solid design here. This is dual processor with 128 gigs of RAM. So, we'll walk through the specs a little bit later. First, I want to just kind of talk about an overview of how the hardware is here. Now, the first question is, why not one of the R730s via 630? And one of the things we wanted was, well, we don't use this for the larger hard drives. This only has the two and a half inch hard drives in the front. And we only have four hard drives in here. This is going to serve as an application server for XCPNG for us. And storage is facilitated externally via FreeNAS, is what this will be attached to. So, I didn't really need the extra room. Second, with the 7 series versus the 6 series, you do get, when you have a nice 2U system, you can put a lot more cards in. Something we just don't need for this particular setup. Matter of fact, we're not going to be using any of the PCI-3 slots at all on this because it already comes with the daughter card on here. So, the daughter card in this has got two 10-gig SFP plus ports and two standard 1-gig ports. So, plenty of connectivity on the back without any adding cards being needed at all. And with the 120-gig SRAM, we can look plenty of applications on here. Now, when it comes to the configuration of this, it does have the optional CD-ROM slot, which is not in use. It does have, which is really nice, the slot in the front over here. That's going to be for an SD card for loading the OS. So, you can have the OS loaded on there. So, if you are doing this with full lights out management, you're able to remote into this, get the console screen, and we'll cover that when we get into the iDRAC part of this. But you're able to get all into this remotely without having to be physically connected to it, and we'll cover how that works. Now, let's take a quick look from the overhead and take a closer look at this. So, the dual processors right here are dual Xeon 2680 at 2.4 gigahertz. This is the V3 processors. We have 128 gigs of RAM, and the 128 gigs is DDR4 ECC memory. And let's take a little closer look at these fans. So, they come out and you get the fan on this side and a fan on that side. So, you have the airflow going through and both fans spinning at the same time. And obviously, they're really easy to swap in case whenever goes bad, you're going to notice and be able to swap it out here. This little plenum right here, which does come out, will reveal, as you can see here, it's just an airflow to push the air down, but make sure the air goes across right here. So, your airflow on these servers kind of follows in that pattern right there, across in it. So, it all just snaps in and stays nice and tight. The controller, the PERC controller over here is removable. This currently has the PERC RAID controller that connects here. That brings us to the front end, which is 12 gigs a second SAS and near line SAS. So, you have quite a bit of speed here. Now, this is the higher end PERC controller. And when we get into the finer details of it, we'll cover exactly how that setup works. But you have the eight, two and a halfs in the front and it's all controlled through this PERC right here. We do have USB inside of it. So, we have a little USB connector right here and a couple of SATA connectors that come around to the front. But like I said, they're not in use right now. It's as if you want to put a CD-ROM in there that would be connected over here via the SATA. But that's not in use. Power supplies are swappable, so we can wiggle them out real quick. But they're the 750 watt power supplies in here, 94% efficiency rating. So, this is a pretty reasonably low wattage server. Now, slightly hidden under here is that controller card. It's kind of hard to see it, but there's a series of heat pipes. And that is to keep the heat away when you have a 10 gig setup. It can get a little bit warm. So, they have the heat pipes in here to facilitate it. And that brings us around to the back of the unit with the two 10 gig SFP pluses. And there's only room because of these riser cards in there to cut this over this way. So, it's like I said, I can still put another 10 gig SFP on there if I needed to, but it's not really necessary. Now, with this particular controller, both of these and the way it's hooked up and integrated to the board can provide full 10 gig line speed with both at the same time. So, you have the two 10 gigs, no problem providing full line speed on that. So, that's pretty much it for the overview of hardware. And let's dive into some of the more interesting part with the software and how you configure it and how the iDRAC works. That's something really nice about these enterprise systems. Alright, so the server is all booted up and I'm logged into the iDRAC. Now, I didn't really show this in the back of the system, but the iDRAC is completely a separate network interface. So, we have the two 1 gig ports on the back and the two 10 gig SFP plus ports. And then off to the side is the iDRAC. This has the full enterprise iDRAC controller on there and that allows us to completely separately manage the system. And I want to comment on this. This is when we booted it up and let it idle down, not when it's at full fan, but when it's kind of, you know, under low power, low usage, you're looking at a 56 decibel from the front and 49 decibels in the back. So, that's with both power supplies plugged in up and running. So, it's not too loud of a server. It's actually a lot quieter than the 710 servers that I've done and a 720 servers that I've done videos on. So, reasonably quiet server, which is good. So, if you're wanting to use something like this in your home lab, this particular model is relatively quiet. As long as it's not under heavy load. Obviously, once you put under heavy load, that's going to go out the door. Now, this also has the full virtual console and HTML5. So, we're going to go over to settings. And I do recommend you check this because I noticed when I first hit it, it tried to launch the Java one. And if you're not familiar with it, it's kind of annoying and you got to do a little Java update. But it has the HTML5 virtual console. So, we're going to go here and showing you launch it, go launch. And this gives us easy direct access to the system without having to do anything special. I can go here and even remotely, this works perfectly fine. I've managed this over a VPN from my house even when I got a remote into a server. And if you need to reboot something, you can reboot the server and we'll go ahead and restart it. And it'll go through the whole settings and away you go. So, you do have the keyboard. I can do screen capture. And like I said, the protocols are using it relatively fast. So, it's even over a little bit slower connection. We're local here at the office, but over a VPN, this worked perfectly fine. So, you can get into all the BIOS settings, change all the settings around for the system and see what's on the screen essentially. And this is the actual boot up screen without anything plugged into it. Really nice feature and one of the reasons I recommend the iDRAC Enterprise. So, you get all this with it. So, while that's booting, and you can also refresh and just see what's on the screen. Just like no signal, refresh it again. And then it's going to get a signal on there and yep, there we go, shows what's going on. So, diving into the details, power, thermal usage. I said it was a low wattage server. I mean, it should say probably it doesn't need too many watts to run. So, right now, because we rebooted it, it's at about 112 watts. And that's, as you can see, it's going through and bumping up a little bit. But when it's just idling it, idle is just under 100 watts, about 98 watts of usage. So, relatively power efficient compared to some of the other ones that idle at almost 200-something watts. So, you're putting in CPU power and a reasonable wattage usage here. Now, the Dell iDRAC has all the other notices for alerting power and everything else, intrusion detection for the case. Note that you should know if anything came unlocked. It has full alert setup. And this is how we'll configure these. It has the ability to send either SNMP monitoring or email alerts. So, you can set up different alert destinations for both of these. And this is great because that way if there's any problem, if there's a hard drive failure, because we're using the PERT controller for the RAID array in this, if there's any failure or drive goes bad, it'll fire off an email and send it over there. Now, the CPUs, this is a little more detailed on these, the Intel Xeon CPU E5-2680 at 2.5 GHz. These dual CPUs per the PassMark score are 25, 7, 11. Obviously, it's not like the most in-depth testing of a processor. We're going to get you an idea of speed on there. I don't look at them as the end-all of a benchmark, but kind of giving you an idea of the kind of processing power these have. So, plenty of cores in here as you can see. So, great for the virtualization task that we're going to be using it for. Memory, like I said, 120 gigs of DDR4 RAM in here. And then the network device, the integrated NIC has all the link statuses in here. Take a second to load. You can see it's up. Now, these NICs are not just like the plugins where you have what you're adding card. These are a lot more extensive because they support iSCSI, FCOE, and PixiBoot. So, you have all those features on here. You can set these up as including as an iSCSI storage target. So, they have some extra options with this integrated daughter card that's on there. So, it's a nice feature to get that with it as opposed to just buying some off-the-shelf cards and putting it in there. Nice that you can add the extra NIC cards in there, but these integrated ones really nice. They tie right here into the iDRAC on there. For storage, we have the Seagate Nitro Drives. And this is configured in a RAID 10 with just one virtual disk. So, when you look at it from the physical disk standpoint, each disk, each pair of disks, I should say, these two make up the first part of the RAID 10. These are the second part and then the two together giving us a pretty reasonable speed on there. Plus, these SAS drives here are quite fast. And then they're not the Dell drives. So, that's one of the reasons, if you notice here, doesn't have. I'm assuming that's why it says unavailable when it says remaining rewrite endurance. That's something I've seen before. I believe it tells you that if you get the Dell branded drives, but these are Seagate Nitro Drives. But they work great in here, so no problem. But it still has at least some of the health on there. But RAID is not a backup, as I've reminded so many people. So, that's important. And because we presented this for XCPNG, it's just one drive and we loaded the OS and it'll partition out the storage. When I do the videos on that, I'll be covering that again a little bit more in-depth of why we did it that way. Because there's always a lot of people that have questions about that. But yes, this can do the rebuild and everything and letting it handle it is pretty simple because it'll give us sale arts. And it's pretty good performance if you get the Dell Perk controller that has the memory on there for caching. So, that's the controller that's on here. It's the one with the cache. And this is all going to be created and managed in here, creating your RAIDs. It's got the battery on there. So, and it's all monitored right here. And you can check the consistency rate, rebuild rate, et cetera. It's a nice solid system for managing it. But still for my overall storage, like I mentioned before, this is going to be where the applications live and the hypervisor lives. But the overall for any larger storage needs, we offset that to another free NAS system. Now, I'm not using it, but it does have, like I mentioned before, the SD card where you can set up OS's on there to be loaded to the machine. That way, if you ever remotely need to get in there and reload a machine, you don't need to actually get physical access. You preload it with the SD card. If you can get in there, as you can see, because you can get right to the console, the system remotely. So, this is in a data center somewhere. You can get it remotely, see what's going on. Reload it if you need to, and get things back up and running.  So, you can head over to Tech Supply Direct's website, and I filled this all out. This is the Dell 13 generation PowerEdge 630, 8 bay, 2 and a half bay, 2 and a half inch small form factor 1U server configured to order. And I filled out all the configuration except for the storage to match. So, you have all the information right here. The storage is where prices can go, well, they get up a lot higher depending on your storage configuration. Maybe you don't need those SSDs, and you just need some less expensive spinning rust drives, but they're still going to have a nice 12 gig backplane. So, 2 times 200, or however you want to do it. If you even want to order storage, or maybe you have some storage you want to transplant from one of the other machines that you currently have, there's different options on there. Now, if we do choose the ones that I have, 4X 960 gig drives, I'll assume these ones are probably the Nitro. So, right here, it does, well, it bumps the price up quite a bit. But the good news is we have an offer code to get you a discount. You can apply it, check out when you go to purchase this. So, that's it for the review of this Dell R630. Leave comments, questions below, or join us in the forums where we can have more in-depth discussion on there. Tell me what you liked, what you didn't hate about it. I will mention that the Dell iDRAC, which comes with the iDRAC Express by default, 175 gets you to full enterprise, fully licensed one, like I have for this right here. So, that's a little box you can check that probably makes a lot of sense.  But then again, if it's a lab and you're trying to do everything on budget, you know, take that for what it's worth and decide what you want to do. Just my suggestion. All right, and thanks. And thank you for making it to the end of the video. If you liked this video, please give it a thumbs up. If you'd like to see more content from the channel, hit the subscribe button and hit the bell icon. If you'd like YouTube to notify you when new videos come out. If you'd like to hire us, head over to laurancesystems.com, fill out our contact page, and let us know what we can help you with and what projects you'd like us to work together on. 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Ssssssss, mess drunk. One of my favorite sci-fi action movies ever is Robocop 2, not necessarily because it's good, I mean, it has its moments, and the special effects are awesome, but the story is a sprawling mess that goes off in, like, 5 different directions at once, and a lot of the movie is just plain goofy, for better or for worse. Sadly, the Super Nintendo never got a game adaptation for Robocop 2 in particular, instead we got Robocop 3, which is a God-awful movie, and a pretty mediocre game, and Robocop vs Terminator, which is a really cool idea on paper, but it's just not that good of a game on Super Nintendo, it's way better on Sega Genesis. However, Robocop 2 did have an arcade game developed by Data East back at the time of the movie's release in 1990, and it's not to be confused with any other version of Robocop 2, the NES and Game Boy editions are purely run and gun games, while the Amiga and ZX Spectrum versions are their own things entirely as well. But yeah, the original Robocop arcade game was made by Data East and that game is awesome, so this should be good, right? Unfortunately, just like the movie, the Robocop 2 arcade game offers a similar experience, where there's both good and bad aspects of this one. The good is pretty obvious.  This one also does a pretty good job following the movie, which you can see with some of the settings here, like the drug manufacturing plant, where the stuff they're making turns people into these hideous deformed mutants. Man, that's awesome. And hey, check it out, you get to fight in an arcade. Look at this, I've got an army of Andrew Dice Clay's chucking arcade cabinets at me. The best thing Robocop 2 has going for it is that it switches game modes seamlessly. You start out with your typical beat-em-up style format, before you eventually move along to a gallery shooter stage like Wild Guns, dodging enemy fire while taking out bad guys. After that, you button mash until you crush a frickin' truck. Who is this guy with the beard here? Is that Joaquim de Almeida? Well, he can't be bothered to stick around for this, so he just kind of magically teleports his way out of there, and eventually you get your first boss fight against this chainsaw-wielding dude. And what is with these attacks? What, is this guy a figure skater in his time off? Later on, you eventually go back to a gallery shooter stage and even fight from a first-person perspective, which is cool. One token gives you three lives, and you actually get a health meter here, so this game is pretty generous for an arcade game. You get one button to jump, one button to shoot left, and another to shoot right. And if you get close enough to enemies, you can deliver some melee attacks that do slightly more damage. I should also mention that this game is to player co-op as well. Now, there's a few problems with this game. Number one is that the beat-em-up stages, particularly the boss fights, really get boring after a while. At first, I was kind of disappointed that this game is only four levels long, but geez, they really needed to throw in some more variety here, especially since every boss fight is just jump around and shoot.  If only I could throw some stairs at it, that would do the job quicker. The worst part of this game is the final boss fight. You fight Kane, and yeah, it's pretty cool-looking, but you fight him four times in a row, and he's got four different life bars, each one longer than the next. It's completely underwhelming and downright boring. It would have been nice had they worked in some of the other game modes into this marathon of a fight. For what it's worth, it is kind of cool how you chase Kane through a building, all the way to the roof before bringing him all the way down to the streets, but man, oh man, this fight is a slog, and I was just happy to get it over with. So yeah, Robocop 2 the arcade game isn't bad. In fact, the first three levels are pretty dang cool, and chock-full of the typical arcade ridiculousness you're used to seeing in games made back then. But the final boss fight really drags things down. It's almost like the deadline to have this game done got moved up or something, so everyone was in a rush to get the game finished. If you're looking for a better Robocop arcade game, stick with the original made back in 1988. That game is a quality run and gun that offers quite a bit more challenge.  All right, I want to thank you for watching, and I hope you have a great rest of your day.