Interpretation of interaction effects, or what does the interaction coefficient actually mean, is it large or not, or requires some special consideration. Let's first take a look at why that's the case, and then how we actually interpret this kind of models. In HECMAS paper, they have lots of interactions here, and let's start with the interpretation of this first interaction coefficient, which is productivity and tenure. So we multiply productivity and tenure together, and we get the regression coefficient. We cannot interpret that set there is paribus, because interpreting set there is paribus, keeping all other factors constant, means that we would increase this interaction term while keeping the first order terms that form the interaction constant. So we can't say that our productivity and quality, their interaction results in certain increase of customer satisfaction holding productivity and tenure constant. So you can't do that, because you can't change this interaction, and at the same time hold on the tenure and productivity constant. So this varies only when tenure or productivity are both vary. So we can't interpret that directly. So how do we do that? And to do that we need to consider the definition of an interaction model. So what does that actually coefficient mean? And we can write an interaction model such as that one in a slightly different way. So we can write it in that way, and here we can see that the regression coefficient of X is actually not stable. It's not constant anymore. Instead it's beta 1 plus beta 2 times M. So the effect of X on Y depends on M. For example, the effects of productivity on customer satisfaction depends on tenure. We can't say that holding tenure constant, which it's some constant effect, because the effect varies with tenure. So we address this problem by calculating marginal effects or marginal predictions or simple slopes. So the idea of a simple slope is that you calculate the regression slope on different levels of the moderation variable. In here they had a gender and race of the physician as moderators. And they were interested in the quality attributes and their effects on satisfaction. So we calculate one regression line where we hold the gender variable at zero. And then we calculate one other regression line where we hold the gender variable at one, for example. And that allows us to plot the interactions. So we can see here that we have males versus females. So this is our physician quality for males leads to a strong increase in satisfaction for females. The simple slope, slope holding females constant, holding females at zero or one depending on how this variable is coded, results in no increase in customer satisfaction. There is also a bit weird result here. So we have this result that for non-wide physicians, physician productivity actually decreases satisfaction. My guess for this result is that this is a result of an outlier. They only had 13 non-wide physicians in the sample, so that's very little. So it could be that there is one observation that tilts this regression line down. We don't know because we don't have the data. Let's see how Heckman actually explained this effect. So they are first saying that this is a crossover effect. The crossover effect simply means that regression lines are going to different directions. So there is the line for whites goes up and the line for non-whites goes down. So that's a crossover. And then they know that there's an effect and they don't really explain it. So in an ideal case when you have that kind of a funny result, then you really have to go and check your data if there's something wrong with the data. And then you have to say that we check that it is not a data problem, rule out alternative explanations such as an outlier. And then you can say that we don't know why that happens. They just say that they don't really know why it happens without explaining how they try to do diagnostics. To understand what these plots quantify, let's calculate one plot ourselves. So let's do the plot for physician quality, the first of the four, and patient satisfaction. The relationship between customer physician quality and patient satisfaction depends on the physician gender. So physician gender here is the moderator, this is the independent variable, physician quality and satisfaction is the dependent variable. So we do the calculation. You can actually do this from published results. And if you have a paper that doesn't include this kind of interaction plots, and then interpretation of the results would be pretty difficult. So if you want to interpret the results, you can do this yourself in a few minutes when you know how to do it. So let's calculate based on model two. We have satisfaction is the intercept, a gender effect plus quality effect plus gender times quality. Normally we hold all other independent variables at their means, and in this case it means that everything else is zero, because they are standard as coefficients, the data are standardized, everything in standardization has mean of zero. So it's pretty simple to calculate the effects of satisfaction. So that's the equation for satisfaction, for fitted values of satisfaction, and how do we come, go from this equation to this plot? Well, we first have to define how we plot it. So what are the categories or values of the independent variable and the moderated variable that we are using? So we have to define some values for quality and gender. And let's start with gender. So we have gender coded zero and one, let's say one is female, zero is male, and we want to know compared to those two categories. The problem is that these coefficients are standardized. So it's not actually the zero and one coded variable that enters into the analysis, instead it is the standardized version. So we have to calculate our standardized version of the gender variable. So we call it Z-gender. Z or Z-score is typically used to refer to standardized variable. So we are standardized by eliminating the mean, subtracting the mean from gender, and dividing by standard deviation. We get these values from the correlations and descriptive statistics table, and we get the Z-scores for gender. Then we need to define what values we have for the quality variable. These are high and low conditions, are typically plus and minus ones standard deviation from the mean. So we set physical quality to either minus one or plus one. So we have here minus one for a man. So that's a bad man. This is a good male physician. This is a bad female physician, and this is a good female physician. Then we simply plug these values into that equation here, and that produces us the fitted values for satisfaction. So now we have these satisfaction values. Which go to Y. We have these X values. These are the quality values here, and we can do the plotting. So we plot four points. So this is the Y coordinate, and this is the X coordinate. We plot two points, and then we connect the points with lines. So we connect these two points for male with a line, and these two points for female with a line, and that gives us a plot like that. So we have here the points connected by a line, and if we put this plot right over the original plot, we can see that it's the same. So we can calculate the interaction plot ourselves, and this line here is the regression line for females, and this is the regression line for males, and we can see that it's quite substantially different. These significant stars are tests for simple slope. So they test whether this regression line is flat, whether the slope is zero. And we reject that hypothesis here. We can reject it for the female physician's line because it's so close to being just flat horizontal line. Let's take a look at deep houses paper that has a different kind of interaction model. So deep houses paper doesn't have a moderation model. Instead they have this curved effect model. So they have this u-shape model. And again, interpreting these are strategic deviation squared effect, and strategic deviation is nearly impossible without plotting how the line goes. So we need to take a look at the model 3 here, and we plug in the regression estimates to this model 3. So we have the model 3 equation here. Then we have the numbers here, the years that's intercept. Then we have regression coefficients here. And then we have means of these different variables. So mean of market series are 0.008, and total expense ratio is 0.085. So we hold everything else at their means. And then we have a strategic deviation squared. Then we plot calculate different values for relative ROA going from 0, which is the absolute minimum of strategic deviation all the way to about 30, which are inferred to be the range of strategic deviation based on their results. They don't report it, but this kind of range would make sense. And then we can see that the effect is u-shape goes up and then down. And if we just fit a linear model, the model 2, then it shows that all the observations are here. So we have some observations that are very low ROA, very little deviation. We have some observations that have very high deviation, very low ROA. So these observations here and here bend very much in line to be a curve. Most of the observations are probably somewhere around here, but again without having access to the raw data, we can't really say. So this is what they report in the paper. They say that they did an analysis of the estimated functional relationship and they found this inverted u-shape. So it's u upside down. And then they say that it is for the full range of dvs from 0 to 30. So the range here is important, because if we only look at the range from 0 to for example 10, then we would conclude that it's pretty linear, just slightly decreasing, but always increasing effect. Slightly, the increasing trend just slightly, it's slightly less here, but it's still increasing. So that's how we do dvs shapes. Summary of moderation, these are pretty simple to estimate and plot. So you first estimate the main effects model. It's not absolutely necessary, but it's a convention. So you just have the linear effect and no products whatsoever. Then we estimate model 2, which includes the interaction term and both lower level terms that you use to form the interaction. It is very important to have both x and m, if you have the product of x and m, because otherwise the product of x and m will be confounded with the omitted variable m, if you don't leave that into the model. Some people recommend that you center your variables before doing the interaction term. That's a bad idea. Don't center. I'll explain why in another video. Then you compare model 1 and model 2 using the F test. This is actually not necessary, because the significance test for the T test for the interaction tells you the exact same thing, but it's a very common practice to do so and it doesn't take much space to have the delta R squared, the R squared change and the F statistic in the Richardson table after the R squared values. Then you do an interaction plot and you calculate the marginal prediction. So how does the Richardson line go for one group? How does it go for other group? How does it go as a U-shape? How does it vary as a function of, for example, the amount of women in a profession? Then you interpret what do the results mean. Doing these plots is very useful for any kind of nonlinear models and even if you have a linear model, if you don't understand whether it's a strong effect or not, then plotting can help you.


Uh, things can get messed up at the workplace. That's for sure, especially in an election year. The numbers continue to climb. The number of, uh, folks, uh, that are amidst strife at the workplace. And we have workplace culture expert. We've had him on several times and, uh, couldn't think of a timelier topic than to talk with Jason Tru about the, about politics and the workplace. Hey, Jason, good morning. Hey, good morning. Thanks for having me back on the show. You know, we always hear you shouldn't talk about certain things at work. And if looking at what people discuss on social media and how heated that can get. Well, I think if you can just say those things on social media, you got to wonder what people will say face to face. And we're talking about not talking about politics in the workplace. Yes. I think that, you know, I think workplace and talking about, you know, politics, and the really divisive between people, because people are typically trying to convince other people of what they want to believe. And that becomes really difficult because people aren't changing parties.  And you've got to work with these people past November 8th. So you really need to rethink having these conversations in the workplace because it can really negatively affect, you know, your ability to be successful. It's a very, it's very much a catch 22 situation, Jason, because this is an election that has evoked such passion with such contrast in the, in the candidates. There is one similarity. They're both very much disliked in the polls, but it, you know, our workplace is where we spend more time with people compared to even our family.  It's just, and it's just, it's, it's not one of those things that maybe is easily avoided or is it? Well, I think that you have to, you know, one, if you're going to have a conversation with people about it, you've got to know boundaries and you've got to be respectful and you've got to know when to walk away because otherwise you're going to alienate those people that you have to spend all this time with. And that's going to cause problems, obviously, for you because you've got to go to work every day.  So I think that actually it's probably better if you do try to avoid having a conversation because just you're really not going to get yourself anywhere by having, because you're not going to convince anyone. And I think if someone brings it up to you, you can say to someone, look, I just don't want to talk about politics. It's just not something that I'm comfortable doing. You could bridge to another topic, talk about something else. Or if you know that you're on the other side, you could say to someone, Hey, let's just agree to disagree and move on. You know, and that is, that is a lost art these days, Jason, because people want you to believe what they believe or not. And people, people cannot find some kind of happy medium, like I think we once did, but I'm all with you. There is no need to talk about politics in the workplace. You pretty much have a pretty good idea if you're friends enough with somebody at the office, which way they might lean. And if you don't know, then more power to both of you for keeping that under wraps. Now, Karen, no, I can't believe somebody would actually vote for filling the blank. That seems like that would help people get along, Jason. Yeah. So I, you know, it could have caused you a lot of problems. And especially if it gets out that you're on one side or another potentially.  And I just don't think it's worth it because there's very little upside for you both personally and professionally to be having these conversations with people there. There's only other things you could talk about that could be way better and a way better use of your time. Agreed. In fact, with this poll that you've got here, 45% of Americans have gotten into a fight over the election with a friend, family member or coworker this year. And you know, on social media, I keep coming back to that because I've just seen this sheer and utter divisiveness on it. You can unfriend somebody and maybe not ever have to see them again at work though, not so easy to do. Right. And I think by looking through social media and seeing all the responses in your news feed, especially in Facebook, I mean, everyone knows how heated this election is by reading that. And also just by seeing the latest poll, I mean, either going back, and it's going to be such a close election that people are really going to try to be advocating their point of view.  And then you just can't get yourself out of it. You could cause irreparable damage to relationships that actually matter to you. The way I look at it, at least here in the immediate Memphis and Tennessee area, this state's going to go red to Trump anyway. So for anybody that is particularly on one side of the other, it really doesn't make that much of a difference to get into a fight because this state's not one of the battleground states that's in play anyway. So it's whatever's going to happen here is going to happen here. It's almost more of a battle of ideas than trying to get somebody to win in this state given our electoral process. Right. And so that even makes it to the point where why even have that conversation because you're not convincing someone's going to do very little. So you actually have almost nothing to gain, but you have a lot to lose if you get in an argument with someone and say things that you regret and can cause problems. Because remember, you've got to communicate with these people. You've got to resolve conflicts. You've got to collaborate. I mean, there's a lot of things that you need to do in a workplace. And the last thing you want to do is have to get up in the morning and worry about going into work, feel stressed, feel like a relationship is causing you problems there. I mean, you've got to spend 40, 50, 60 hours a week or more on your workplace. It's just not a place that you want to be causing a lot of problems. You're right, because a lot of people are having enough inner problems, enough inner turmoil trying to figure out who to vote for. No need to spread that around the office. Jason True, we're always glad to talk to you, workplace culture expert. Thank you for joining us this morning on Memphis Morning News. Hey, thanks and have a great weekend. You too.


The Introduction to the King James Version of the Bible. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information and to find out how you can volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org, recording by Sam Stinson. The Introduction. To the Most High and Mighty Prince James, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc. The translators of the Bible wish grace, mercy and peace through Jesus Christ our Lord. Great and manifold were the blessings most dread sovereign, which Almighty God, the Father of all mercies, bestowed upon us the people of England, when first he sent your Majesty's royal person to rule and reign over us. For whereas it was the expectation of many who wished not well unto our Zion, that upon the setting of that bright occidental star, Queen Elizabeth, of most happy memory, some thick and palpable clouds of darkness would so have overshadowed this land, that men should have been in doubt which way they were to walk, and that it should hardly be known who was to direct the unsettled state. The appearance of your Majesty, as of the sun in his strength, instantly dispelled those supposed and surmised mists, and gave unto all that were well affected, exceeding cause of comfort, especially when we beheld the government, established in your Highness and your hopeful seed, by an undoubted title, and this also accompanied with peace and tranquility at home and abroad. But among all of our joys, there was no one that more filled our hearts than the blessed continuance of the preaching of God's sacred word among us, which is that inestimable treasure which excelleth all the riches of the earth, because the fruit thereof extendeth itself not only to the time spent in this transitory world, but directeth and disposeth men unto that eternal happiness which is above in heaven. Then not to suffer this fall to the ground, but rather to take it up, and to continue it in that state wherein the famous predecessor of your Highness did leave it. Nay to go forward with the confidence and resolution of a man, in maintaining the truth of Christ, and propagating it far and near, is that which hath so bound and firmly knit the hearts of all your Majesty's loyal and religious people unto you, that your very name is precious among them. Their eye doth behold you with comfort, and they bless you in their hearts, as that sanctified person who under God is the immediate author of their true happiness. And this, their contentment doth not diminish or decay, but every day increaseeth and takeeth strength when they observe that the zeal of your Majesty toward the house of God doth not slack or go backward, but is more and more kindled, manifesting itself abroad in the farthest parts of Christendom, by writing in defense of the truth, which hath given such a blow unto that man of sin as will not be healed, and every day at home by religious and learned discourse, by frequenting the house of God, by hearing the word preached, by cherishing the teachers thereof, by caring for the church as a most tender and loving nursing father. There are infinite arguments of this right Christian and religious affection in your Majesty, but none is more forcible to declare it to others than the vehement and perpetuated desire of accomplishing and publishing of this work, which now with all humility we present unto your Majesty. For when your Highness had once, out of deep judgment, apprehended how convenient it was that out of the original sacred tongues, together with comparing of the labors, both in our own and other foreign languages, of many worthy men who went before us, there should be one more exact translation of the Holy Scriptures into the English tongue. Your Majesty did never desist to urge and to excite those to whom it was commended, that the work might be hastened, and that the business might be expedited in so decent a manner as a matter of such importance might justly require. And now, at last, by the mercy of God and the continuance of our labors, it being brought unto such a conclusion as that we have great hopes that the Church of England shall reap good fruit thereby. We hold it our duty to offer it to your Majesty, not only as to our King and Sovereign, but as to the principal mover and author of the work, humbly craving of your most sacred Majesty that since things of this quality have ever been subject to the censures of ill-meaning and discontented persons, it may receive approbation and patronage from so learned and judicious a Prince as your Highnesses, whose allowance and acceptance of our labors shall more honor and encourage us than all the columnations and hard interpretations of other men shall dismay us, so that if on the one side we shall be traduced by popish persons at home or abroad, who therefore will malign us, because we are poor instruments to make God's holy truth to be yet more and more known unto the people, whom they desire still to keep in ignorance and darkness, or if on the other side we shall be maligned by self-conceited brethren who run their own ways and give liking unto nothing but what is framed by themselves, and hammered on their anvil, we may rest secure, supported within by the truth and innocencey of a good conscience, having walked the ways of simplicity and integrity as before the Lord, and sustained without by the powerful protection of your Majesty's grace and favor, which will ever give countenance to honest and Christian endeavors against bitter censures in uncharitable imputations. The Lord of Heaven.


It was a great meeting. First, we met in 2013, ten years ago, when he was in Gujarat and I was very interested in cities. So, we talked about the importance of successful urban developments and the things that the government really needs to do to help lead in urban development. And he understands these issues very well. He articulated very well the main message, which is that urbanization is not a problem, it's an opportunity. And I take it this is a slogan that he's used before. So, for me, a good day is when I learned something and I learned a bunch about what India is doing on this issue of authentication. And I think it's really exciting because the government has to be involved as they are, but they have this foundation with the ADHAR system that means they can do things that most governments around the world can't do. I think India, just as India did this for ADHAR, I think for telephony and electronic authentication, I think India could really show the world how to do it right.


On the breakfast, Paris Saint-Germain Defender Ashraf Hakimi, his wife, won't be getting much money following their divorce after it was revealed the Moroccan star had registered all his properties and assets under his mother, Sadia Mout's name. This morning, on the breakfast, we are asking, is this approach by Hakimi one that the husbands should adopt in this age of increased divorce, especially in sub-Saharan Africa? And also, barring in the last minute change of plans, the federal government of Nigeria will be paying or beginning payment of planned increase in civil servants pay by the end of this month. We're looking at 40% increase in pay. This will be the focus of our second discussion right here on the breakfast. And of course, as usual, we'll have a look at what the papers say this morning. We call it Arthur Press, some interesting headlines on the front pages of the national dailies today. All right, we're back and it's a beautiful, beautiful Wednesday morning back with the breakfast on plus TV Africa today, the 19th of April, 2023. My name is Kofi Bartels, flying solo this morning on the breakfast. Once again, you're welcome. Before we get into the top trending stories, we'll take a look at the weather, I'm sorry, traffic reports. Of course, we have weather updates as well coming your way. We'll take those weather updates and then we will delve straight into the first conversations on the trending stories this morning on the breakfast. We can bring you updates on traffic from Lagos. And like you always say, if you are watching this program from other parts of the country, you can as well also let us know via WhatsApp or via Twitter at plus TV Africa what the traffic situation is like, where you are. Those making their way through Nigeria's commercial nerve center at Ibute Road, we told, vehicular movement from Carter Bridge is good down to Leventis to link the inner road and outer marina. CMS Bridge descending UBA roundabout is on fast movement towards Apoombo. Quite interesting. That bridge really hasn't been open, but we hear that by next month that Apoombo Bridge on the Aco Bridge stretch will be open to traffic. Appreciable movement from Broad Street connecting Apoombo on the bridge, en route or lower bow is very much okay according to, like I said, traffic management agency as well from Leventis towards a leg-butter bridge through to police posts. Everything is moving smoothly. We're told traffic movement from LNPC in Ward Canoe is appreciable, aside the alternation by the Canoe roundabout if you know Lagos, well, you know where we're talking about. Chivita connecting Lukman at Toh Bajun down to swimming pool junction is on a steady movement. Hollandia way to connect Kolaulay, Shawnee-Barre down to Jesus house is good, aside the traffic lights alternation is what the Lagos State Traffic Management Agency is saying. Movement team, Ward Ajao Gate is an appreciable movement, so what they call it, besides the alternation at Woney and Lemo or Lutosi and Jai and Latif, Salami, junctions respectively. Osolo way from IA in Ward Aswani Junction is good, towards Asha Afi Rogung. Junction is a steady moving traffic due to alternation, traffic connecting 7 and 8 is slow due to the alternation, coupled with human activities around 7 and 8. Apakul in Ward Nacho Airport is good, both in-ward and outward journey to Osho Lee is what the Lagos State Traffic Management Agency is saying. Okay, and we hear DHL in Ward's Five Star is still connecting the Amazon band is slow and that's what the latest, this is about 10 minutes, five to 10 minutes ago, just for those who are wondering what time this traffic reports were updated or uploaded by the Lagos State Traffic Management Agency, we've been doing a good job. So this year will be about 25 minutes ago, let's call it that, okay. There's a traffic situation as at 6.35 a.m., the traffic situation as at 6.35 a.m. We'll bring you more and of course you can always share your traffic updates with us from wherever you're watching, even for those who are watching from outside Nigeria, you can do the same as well and we'll be glad to hear from you. Let's take a break and we'll bring you the weather reports after which we'll return to look at the top trending stories. Please stay with us. All right, thank you very much, welcome back and of course, so we can now look at the top trending stories. Let's start with the first one, which happens to be from, it's a human-angled human interest story, really a sad one, sexually abused boy commits suicide after a radio station reveals his identity. It's sad, all right, it's really sad and it's from another part of the world but when you think about it, it's something that I think we should learn from because I happen to work on radio as well every single night into the morning, it's something that I do on a daily basis, barring weekends and this is a 15-year-old sex abuse victim in the Eastern European city of Poland. His name is Mokalaj and Mikolaj Felix, a 15-year-old sex abuse victim reportedly killed himself after his identity was made public by state-owned radio Cezin in the Polish city of Cezin. The radio station has come under fire for releasing the identity of the teenager, identified as the son of a local opposition politician, many believe the radio station was involved in a political hit job that revealed the identity of a 15-year-old sex abuse victim. Master Felix committed suicide in March at the family's Cezin home after being publicly identified as a victim of a jail pedophile. This is mother Magdalena represents the civic platform, the main opposition party to the ruling party in parliament and you can now see the political twist that some people think was behind this radio station revealing the identity of the boy. Well, the liberal LGBTQ rights advocate from Cezin by the name of Krzysztof Falinski who is set to have abused or allegedly have abused the youngster was found guilty in 2021 and has since been in prison so it's not an allegation he actually did it but his victims have never been named in the media. This is 2021 two years ago. However, in December the editor-in-chief of radio Cezin Thomas Duklanowski revealed the identity of Mr. Falinski's victim on the station's website stating the son of a well-known legislator was among those that he abused. The only Cezin based lawmaker whose family matched every description in Mr. Duklanowski's report was Miss Felix and according to the family's lawyer the young boy started getting phone calls and text messages from friends inquiring if he had been sexually molested soon after radio Cezin reported the information that this included messages from his mother's political opponents as well. Yeah, yeah, yeah, really sad indeed. Over here wasn't just his classmates who learned about his abuse. The whole of Poland found out according to the lawyer he says you don't need to be an expert in child psychology to understand that this was very upsetting for the young man. So you know, there's not much to say about this down to really say that we in the media in Africa should also learn from this, learn from these the ethics and their rules and regulations as far as the conduct of activities are concerned, you know, we should always try our best to, we in the media should always, always try our best to, you know, realize that there are human beings behind these stories and the ethics are very well spelled out. You know, yesterday I was going through my Twitter feed and I noticed that there's a story that was floated, you know, about Arsenal Football Club and, you know, as a follower of English football and, you know, a supporter of the Arsenal Club in the England English League. I took interest in that story. What was it about? The Arsenal footballers went for the last match against Western United. It's a London derby because both clubs are in London. It was a big deal to supporters of both clubs. And there was a film that the football club put on its Twitter handle, maybe 45 second, 30 second clip showing the footballers of Arsenal signing the t-shirt for the mascot for the day. You know, the kids that these teams walk out onto the field with, they call these children mascots. Okay. And most times, for instance, for a club like Arsenal, it's I think the most community focus club in England Arsenal. You know, do a lot of things to really highlight their involvement in the local community, even in the adverts, even with the LGBTQ issues. That's how deeply they are involved in their community. So what someone did was took that clip and accused the Arsenal players of being proud, of being, you know, snobbish, of being horrible and terrible, because whilst all the players stood in line to sign the t-shirt of that child, they did not say anything to that child. This girl was invited by the club. Her parents were invited by the club.  And so they said, oh, that the players did not, Arsenal players did not even talk to the girl. They didn't say hi. And you can see the abuse and insults and, you know, a lot of things that have rained on these players because of that. And some people said, hey, wait a minute, you take just 45 second or 30 second clip. You don't even know what happened the entire game, especially on the day that these footballers are playing a very important match because they have known the title in 20 years or more, you know, 20 years or more. And then you now turn it into a hate campaign. But why am I citing this example? You see, in this Twitter crazy age, you know, where we rush to just do everything without thinking about the consequences. And the media is all left out because all these are forms of media and social media is a form of media where we will just take something and just put it out there. Sometimes for likes, sometimes for retweets, sometimes for photos, sometimes to trend. And we don't think about a psychological effect on the people involved now. You can see with this young man in Poland he's taken his life. They asked our players, they may be earning a lot of money, but the human beings as well, you know, who knows if they had any ulterior motive in mind. I saw the players standing in line, standing in line on just a few minutes before they went on to the field play, very important match to sign Jesse's. And so on said they were so terrible for doing that. All right. So this is very important. Something that we need to be aware of, you know, that victims need the most protection wherever they are, wherever they are, they need the most protection. It's all about the victims. And that's that's that. So in our profession, we are told that we need to be discreet. You know, the ethics do a lot of other things, but it's so clear from what the reports are saying that it's not a safe guy in Poland, the editor-in-chief in that radio station, they didn't know his job. Okay, he knew his job, but he may have had an ulterior motive. Maybe there was a political campaign against the lady. They maybe didn't know the boy will take his life. So it's very important. It's very important to to be aware of these things. You know, even social media, sometimes I would say to myself into some other people that social media may not be so healthy, sometimes from mental health. You know, so the way we even expose ourselves to some of these things, very important. Let's protect our mental health. Let's protect the mental health of our children. Okay, of our children. It's very important. It's very important. And let's also protect the victims. Okay, let's protect the victims as well. Very important. And we'll move on from that to another one. And I don't know if you have, we're going to roll a video. If we will, please let's show this is a fully loaded truck crashing three vehicles in in Lagos. Just watch this in and then we'll come back and talk about it. Okay, there were no casualties recorded as a fully loaded truck crash three vehicles in Lagos. Okay, there you can see it on your screen. I don't have the full details of this particular incident. But you can see it looks like a few tanker. It actually looks like a few tanker. And you can see that the traffic, the traffic is moving in a particular direction. You can see the direction of the vehicle. Now I don't know how that vehicle got to be in that position where it is facing, you know, directly facing the tanker. I don't know how it got to be in that position, but it's not the first time that a tanker has had such an accident. I mean, some will say only in Lagos, look at look at look at the direction of vehicle. So it is possible. I don't know.  You know, maybe it was coming from the other side. I do not know. All right. I do not know. But this looks like the Bagada Bridge in Ifaco. You know, I use the lags this a lot. So if I'm not mistaken, this looks like the Bagada Bridge in Ifaco. All right. And then I think the Legacy Management Traffic Management Agency also had put the information out on his Twitter handle. This is what they wrote. Quote, a multiple accident just occurred while descending the Bagada Bridge in Ifaco. Okay. Okay. So that's that's that's correct. This accident involved a loaded tanker and three other vehicles. So we're not told how it happened. And I think they will also encourage the Legacy Traffic Management Agency to do the investigations and also tell us what happened so that people can learn from the situation. You know, but but this isn't the first time. All right. It's not the first time we're hearing that a few tankers crushed vehicles. It happens all the time. And I think it was last. Okay. In February, these are headlines from some of our newspapers. In February, in the punch newspaper, February, February 1, 2023, one kill, the tanker crushes three tricycles in Lagos. One killed, one person killed as tanker crushes three tricycles in Lagos. Another headline, that's also on 1st February, another headline from 4th January 2023, fuel tanker crushes motorcycle rider in Lagos. 4th January, same thing. Okay. It's another one. Petrol tanker or petrol tanker crushes three vehicles on Lagos Ibarra Expressway. That's another one. From 2016, from 2016, petrol tanker crushes three vehicles on Lagos Ibarra Expressway 2016, 2018, petrol tanker crushes five cars on New Year's Eve in Lagos. 2021, one dies as gas tanker crushes cars in Logan State, which is nearby Lagos State. And so we can see that this is, it's not new. It happens a lot. This is another one. 2020, one passenger dies, all those angels as fuel tanker crushes vehicle on Lagos Ibarra Highway. You know, it's really sad. This is another one from 2020. Two dead, seven rescuers, three trucks, fuel tanker crush passenger bus.  You know, it's really unfortunate. I've been in a situation where I was in a vehicle at night going to work, you know, somewhere around Ibarra, trying to, because it was a lot of traffic in Lagos. I think it was just before the governorship election. And everybody was speeding up and there was traffic and all that. And you had these, these heavy duty trucks, these trailer trucks. These were not, yeah, these were tankers. Yes, they were petrol tankers. And the way these guys were speeding, there were two. It was as if they were in a Formula One race. It was as if they were in a Formula One race, driving, trying to, and I was wondering what's going on. Now, the way they were speeding, one almost hit the other. I was in a vehicle, I told the driver who was taking me to work at the time to clear, to just be on one lane, you understand. And I said, the way these guys are driving, I hope they don't hit us. Fortunately, and I say fortunately, the second one, because he was driving so fast, at the point I saw him applying his brakes, because he was trying to avoid budging into another car. He hit a car. I think it was a Venza, if I'm not mistaken. I remember clearly. And when we got to that point, because they had to allow them to overtake us, and they were faster than us, speeding. What I say, fortunately, he hit a car was that he was owned by, or had a military personnel in that vehicle. And I said, very good. It was me more damaged, no one was hurt. I saw that. So at least, you know that the soldier will do justice to the situation. They drive recklessly. And I think that with all these headlines sort of read from 2016 to 2023, it's so clear. It's so clear that we have a problem on our hands. It's so clear that we have a problem on our hands. And something special, special attention needs to be given to, not just a tanker, but special attention also needs to be given to the heavy duty vehicles of all categories. You know, should I talk about the dangote trucks? Now, dangote has nothing to do with these vehicles. They were given out to these drivers, you know, I think on a higher purchase or something, and they owned them. But people probably call them dangote trucks, but it has no affiliation with the company. These guys also drive recklessly. Those guys with trailers, I saw one trailer, there's a video on social media. This trailer truck was bearing a container, and I think he made a sharp turn and realized that the truck was trying to fall out. But he kept driving to the whole thing upsized. You know, she would talk about containers that fall, all right, 40 feet containers that fall on people, cars, because of recklessness. Lives have been lost and needlessly. See, the amount of bloodshed in this country is too much. So what is calling, not just on the legal state traffic management agency, but on the federal safety core of the Niger Police Force, Traffic Management Department, and everybody needs to come together, federal government, we need a special program, something, to address the issue of death, death on our roads because of recklessness of these heavy duty vehicle drivers. All right, we need to address that. We will go too much further than to leave it at that, and we'll take a break. When we come back, we'll look at what the papers are saying. Our guest is standing by. We'll tell you who is when we return. Please stay with us.


Soil moisture has recently been added to the list of essential climate variables, ECVs, which are deemed essential for IPCC and UNFCCC needs and considered feasible for global observation. To create a consistent data record, multiple data sources including active and passive microwave observations in the low-frequency range should be used, with sensors such as C-band scatterometers on ERS and METUP satellites and multi-frequency radiometers. The best approach for fusing these data sets is to merge level 2 soil moisture data derived from individual satellite data records, which has already been demonstrated in the WACMOS project and will be further improved in the Climate Change Initiative program of ESA. This article was authored by W. Wagner, W. Derigo, Ardezure and others.


So, unser nächster Talk ist about a smart phone in a lunchbox, and our speaker is Bücherratte. Please have a very warm welcome for her. Ja, hallo schön, dass ihr alle da ist. Hello and welcome. Erst mal ist es so, dass es ja auch andere Talks gibt. Es gibt viele andere Talks. Es gibt einen Talk, den Hacking ist sehr leicht. Ich würde es gerne sehen. Aber jetzt bin ich hier.  Vielleicht willst du da hin? Es gibt noch Zeit. Und dann Talk 3 ist robust reparable, vital parameter monitoring. Es ist ein Freund von mir. Ich denke, es ist sehr interessant.  Oh nein, es gibt noch Leute im Raum. Also, ich glaube, ich bin mit dem Talk gestylt. So, let's get started. Who am I? Who am I? I am 34 years old. I'm a free software activist. And I work a lot as a volunteer with the Free Software Foundation Europe. I'm active on the board of the Linux User Group in Berlin. I like hanging out with the User Group Linux Works, and I'm very active in that one. For work I do a technical year. And my place where I am working is the ITD set, which is a big IT company in Berlin. My dream is to get a VAT training in the IT area. So, what is this going to be about? I will tell you about the idea I had, what I started to make and what I fidgeted with. Then there's a little bit about the software and look into the future what I'm still planning for this project. And then I will talk a little bit about who helped me with this project and then it's your turn with Q&As. Let's get to the idea. So, I was thinking about a smartphone, that's a nice thing. And the things you can buy in the store, there is maximal tracking installed, and that's not the nicest thing. So, what other features are there, which I don't really like? There is little control about the software, which I can buy in a store. There is little to learn. There are little opportunities to learn about the technical stuff behind the scenes. So, what is there to learn besides operating the device? And there is little room to change it around or fidget with it. It's even hard to just change the batteries. So, let's be real. Boring and it's expensive. So, it's nothing for people who don't have a lot of money. A lot of spare money. And a big feature against just buying a phone is that what's app is able to be installed and I don't just want to sell my data to Facebook. I'm not interested in that. Another disadvantage is you're always available. God and the world can just reach you via a lot of different channels. And I don't really want to have this. And for the last point, just everyone has it. Everyone has a phone they bought in a store. So, yeah. So, I was looking at what do I need if I build this myself. I need a Raspberry Pi. That's kind of easy. Next. I need devices to cool it down. Heat sink to cool it down because the Raspberry Pi 3B produces a lot of heat. This can be a bit dicey. If you're cool as a cucumber, then you don't need them. You can complain to me if you break your Raspberry Pi. You're also going to need a touch display. And I opted for the WaveShare 4-inch model. I also tried the 2.8-inch model, but that was way too small. So, 4 inches. Now, it also needs a hard drive. I took the microSD card with 32 Kigs. That is most okay. You can do a lot of stuff with that. Then you need a cable. You need to connect that thing somehow. But if you're going to build that yourself, don't buy a cable with angled connectors like this. If you buy it like this, it'll last forever. If instead you buy the straight connectors, you have to buy new ones every two or three weeks, which means you can support the economy. For this project, it's important that you're going to need a headset. You could also do that using Bluetooth. At some point I heard a talk saying that it wasn't that safe. So, let's go with the cable instead. Then you need power, mobile power. Everyone who owns a smartphone knows that power banks are something really cool. The more capacity they have, the longer you can play around with them. Then I thought I'll need some sort of case. I opted to go with a Tupperware container made from plastic, because it's easily adaptable. There's a little bit of software. That's also missing for the whole recipe. So, let's talk about the problems I encountered. From the factory, the Raspberry Pi doesn't have audio in. It has an audio jack with a bit of noise. It's very nice if you want to listen to some music on the train and turn it up way high so you don't hear the noise. But you might need to solder a bit. So, there was the option to solder a USB sound card into this. With soldering, beginning can be quite easy. It's not that easy if you start using surface mount devices. I started doing that last year at Congress and didn't know what it was before. But even with bigger pieces, soldering is not that easy. So, you should practice a couple of times if you managed to build mountains with your solder. The most difficult thing you can do in terms of soldering is desoldering things. What I had to do in this case was desolder a USB port. As you can tell, it's not perfect. I kind of scratched the board a little bit and I didn't quite do that myself. I had a bit of help because I think on my own I might not have managed. The trick in the end was to use a lot of solder which is a bit confusing. Now moving on to the case. You can use an acrylic case but the problem is the touch screen doesn't quite fit.  So, no, not quite. So, what you can do is use a Tupperware Container which has a lot of advantages. It's really easy to just cut open some parts with a packing knife. One thing you should really avoid. Don't do that. Do not solder the plastic. If you solder the plastic, you're going to break your soldering iron. It works very well but you're going to break the soldering iron. So, having fixed the Raspberry Pi in the Big Tupperware Container, that kind of moves around and what I tried was getting started with a racer gum and it kind of worked but the small pieces of gum that came off were rattling around in the box, which was not optimal. What I went for in the end was I used screws and just screwed the Raspberry Pi into the Tupperware Container. I used a rainbow kit to get the right screws to fix it in there which turned out to be helpful because I was able to fix the USB sound card. So, let's talk about a little bit of software so, let's just install it and configure it and have fun but it turned out to not be quite as easy.  It's not as easy as I first have thought. So, let's start at the beginning. I decided against Resbian, I wanted to have a little bit more complex to learn something. So, I was thinking about Resbian and then I would have to deinstall a lot of the software and I didn't think that was a nice idea because there is a lot of packages and I might not hit all of them so all the configurations I needed to write myself and there is like typos you need to make they are important this way you sometimes have a long information you otherwise wouldn't have found this way I managed to configure a right click which was very nice actually so, just not all types of software in repositories and in some cases there is literally nothing so, for example, for the calendar that was the case because there are calendars for Linux but there is also touchable calendars for Linux, but for my project they were too big because with the Raspberry I only have one gigabit of RAM so you have to think a lot if you want GNOME for example yeah, rather not because it's very slow if you are trying to use it so, what I've been saying earlier is the typos yeah, you also have to do a lot of research and I think that's a lot of fun because you get a lot of additional information and you can learn a lot you are searching for one thing and you find a completely different thing you can use for something else cool so, with some software it's a case there is not only AUR but in some cases you actually have to compile stuff and that's actually easy enough to do it's not that hard so, let's look at the display that was also an adventure because the first thing you get is a national flag of Friesland which is great fun if you want to operate some programs on the go or the next thing I ran into when you have the mouse not in the right place as you were touching the screen it's great if you want to type in a password you have to learn it so, I actually figured it out this was a configuration which worked for me and for the options I used the access for X and Y and I just tried random numbers which ones were going to work because that's individual for every device and it's really a trying error around so, who of you actually needs a manual you're all experts you know well that's what I thought but the device never read this stupid config file because I didn't listen to the manual I didn't take this one step and this step was essential I don't know why but after I copied this file it actually worked it read the configuration file very nice sorry, kleine Fehler sorry, some mistake so it's actually possible to have a look at what others did similar things and this example I got from Waveshare from their example documentation for what to do with the touch screen and I was able to just copy that down from their examples that worked really well it worked up until the next update damn and again, I had this wonderful white eagle auto white flag the problem was that Xorg had installed an update and the fb turbo driver I was using didn't want to speak to it damn so what I did was switch to the frame buffer driver for the touch screen and my feeling was the resolution improved by a lot subjective seemed more clear but I'm not sure whether anything changed really but it worked for me now if you complete a project like this you might want to enter something while on the road on this keyboard sorry most guides will tell you you should use a matchbox keyboard the problem when using Arch Linux is you can't get that small anymore so we have a tiny display and a huge keyboard it's not usable I found an alternative in the end xv kbd and they say it's really hackable I haven't had a chance to test that yet but I had a look at the manual and it looks very good and I can get this to be really small and it fits on the display so it's very nice now after soldering this usb soundcard in there I also want the device to output the sound using that soundcard I think I searched for four days until I got the idea that I could just possibly use the driver that I've been using for the audio jack and just comment that out from the config file and it worked didn't say so anywhere but it worked it took me a lot of time to figure that out reminding that line out worked if you're on the road you probably want to have a possibility for applications to open applications on the display like your music player now what you can do is work with a launcher and write desktop files it's a possibility just take a doc and I opted for plank because it's quite slim it also looks a bit slim on screen here but it works very well and I can access the important programs quite quickly and for me these important programs are document manager and the shell now you're going to need something to make calls I did a bit of research and tried a couple things and was trying to do an info which wasn't available there was also a ring which I found which was really easy to install there was one issue it was too big and you see here is a screenshot of an open ring window and it was a bit difficult to configure that because after entering the sign-in data there is also another tab but it's impossible to access that tab because the screen is just too small alright so I looked for another alternative oh there was another issue ring absolutely requires a certificate of the zip provider and you have to get that and you have to find it and that's not that simple but you really really need it or else ring doesn't work and there was another problem every time I tried to do anything with a ring I did this one touch input that one tap and then I could go make a coffee because it took a long time so I continued my research and found something called blink and found a working pack a reasonable package but wasn't able to get it to compile so back to linfo there is an AUR package but the package requires 64 bit even if I tell it while compining to use minus A so ignore the architecture that didn't work and the manual for linfo told me you could use flat pack a package for xdg but that was the error message which is not available for ARM devices now one thing that you should keep in mind for such a project don't trust any manual you haven't faked yourself what's possible is to build AUR without the GUI was stupid because I wanted to have a user interface there was also an option to cross oh there is an option to cross compile the program and it searches for the gcc cross compilation option but I wanted to compile it entirely on the phone which didn't work so tried as the final step is adding this sys parameter which tells the system to use the dependencies that are already installed because if you don't provide this then it builds a database that doesn't work it's also important to disable WebRTC because that just doesn't work on the phone so and other dependencies also aren't working great in this case it was the file the program minisub and when I started compiling it it's throughout this error imitrin dot h I couldn't find as a header file I have no idea about c or c++ I'm a newbie so I found it on my 64-bit desktop computer so maybe it's not available for 32-bit I learned that it is probably because the recipe has a different configuration so it isn't available maybe only on the Raspberry Pi I haven't finished researching this I found out via github that it's possible to figure it out in a way it can be compiled so I found the repo of minisub and it's a bit more up to date than the one by linfo and there was this exclusion which was very nice because once I copied it over into the old code it worked I deleted the other part and compiled very nice so I wanted to use SSHX because I'm able to learn I wanted to use linfo via fodder ring through x and I tried to configure it and there was another error message and I was like shit what's going wrong now it had been working before so I was not able to use it so what's wrong here so I searched for two days until I realized that maybe on the recipe I should have enabled x forwarding and yeah you can just play through that so that's the other programs I used I can listen to music I can surf the net I can connect to the wifi I have the system management for my files and I can do juban via xmtp so I have just for fun I have a screenshot here from the browser so you so you get an idea how small it actually is once you are trying to use the keyboard there's a couple of issues one is I have a subgate rate so I have a landline from Berlin so when I'm on the go and I have great wifi and when I'm on the go with my smartphone and if I want to call let's say the fire department or the police it would work but I would actually end up in Berlin not here in Leipzig so it's actually a problem because they just aren't prepared for that and there's just no solution currently available another problem I wasn't able to realize to notice calls if I'm not right now looking at the display or have the headphones plugged in graphic configuration as you've seen earlier on is kind of difficult I actually once had a camera inside but the display cable broke and for UVC view the pictures are extremely small and I wasn't able to fix that yet look into the future I want to have a touchable calendar because I need that from myself I I looked at an old phone and I found this one and I was looking for a vibration motor and I found this and what is it actually it's a speaker which can vibrate but even though I looked around a lot I wasn't able to figure out how to connect to the speaker so I would like to read the QR codes which would be nice and as a last step I want to say thank you to everyone who helped me with this project the idea came up helped by Paul Hench I got a lot of support from the Afra which is a hacker space In Berlin und auch C-Base, das ist eine andere Hackerspace in Berlin, die viel mit soldiering hilft. Und Thomas hat mir viel geholfen, mit den Fotos in den Slides zu machen, damit ihr sie schön seht. Danke für das Lesen. Danke für den super Vortrag. Willst du mir nicht vielleicht dein Telefon mal zeigen? Ja, klar. Ich glaube, das war eine tolle Sprache. Willst du eigentlich dein Telefon zeigen? Wir haben nur auf Chance eine Kamera auf der Stelle. Was du brauchen, ist das Headset. Denn sonst wird es schwierig, einen Telefon zu machen. Ich werde das jetzt einfach mal anschließen. Ich werde alles connectieren, damit du es einfach benutzen kannst. Und dann werde ich dich von meinem Telefon telefonieren. Sieht gut aus. Ich bin jetzt in meinem Passwort. Ich würde nicht, dass jeder das sieht. Du kannst es versuchen. Du hast mich auch tatsächlich geschafft, nicht durcheinander zu bringen. Du hast mich auch tatsächlich geschafft, nicht durcheinander zu bringen. Du hast mich auch tatsächlich geschafft, nicht durcheinander zu bringen. Hier geht es auch mit Penz. Lass uns mal ein Wifi anfangen, muss es funktionieren. Ja, das sieht gut aus.   Geht es? Geht es? Dann rufe ich dich jetzt einfach mal an. Ich will einfach mal dran. Ja, es geht. Ja, es funktioniert. Ich glaube nicht, dass das den EU-Richtlinien Ich denke nicht, dass es in der Linie mit den EU-Guytons für Maximum und Volumen ist. Würdest du etwas zeigen oder wollen wir Q&A? Also ihr wisst das Spiel. Es gibt Mikrofone im Raum. Könnt ihr in der IRC? Und wenn ihr auf der Internet seid, fragt eure Fragen via IRC oder auf Twitter.  Und der Signalangel hat die Frage in Englisch angefangen. Die Frage ist, ob ihr eine SIM-Karte für eine SIM-Karte mit einem UNTS-Modul anstatt der SIM-Gate geplant habt. Ja, ich glaube das.  Wir wissen nicht wirklich, was das ist, according to what I heard. Und ich habe dann dann mit einem UNTS-USB-Stick und dann mit SIM geplant. Aber vor der Congress war ich nicht ablehnt, das zu implementieren. Hat mir nicht vorhin jemand in der Drei? Was ist eine Person mit Mikrofon 3? Die Person ist zurück. Jemand anderes? Eine andere Frage aus der Internet? Es gibt eine Person. So, zwei bitte. Hallo.  Wenn es eine Sache ist, dass du es aufbaut, dann sind wir eigentlich nicht in voller Information, was es tun kann. Ja, du bist richtig, natürlich. Meine main consideration war, dass ich nicht etwas zu schwierig machen wollte. Es war schon ziemlich schwierig, alles zusammen zu machen. Das Projekt ist noch nicht fertig, und ich habe noch eine andere Plattform PC. Aber ich bin noch nicht da. So, ein Raspberry Pi braucht viel Energie, v.a. für das Display. Wurde du in irgendetwas gebaut, dass es automatisch by geht? Und wie lange dauert das Powerbank zu Ende? So, das Powerbank habe ich jetzt seit zwei Tagen, das ist ziemlich gut. Ich habe es nicht mit dem Powerbank geklappt. Nein. Das Raspberry Pi 3B Plus braucht zu viel Energie für das Powerbank. Ich habe das versucht. Das funktioniert nicht. Aber das 3B, das ich benutze, funktioniert ziemlich gut. Ich habe mir auch gedacht, ob ich mit einem ACPI etwas benutzen könnte. Das Powerbank-Level könnte ich checken, aber ich konnte nichts finden. Das ist noch mehr Batterie-Life als mein iPhone. Du bist gut. Microphone Nr. 1. Danke für das Gespräch. Meine Frage ist, ob du das Device, das du benutzt, durchführen kannst. Wenn das Powerbank durchführen kann, dann ist es möglich, wenn es möglich ist, wenn es nicht möglich ist. Wir haben noch vier Minuten. Wir haben noch ein bisschen Zeit, vier Minuten und ein paar Sekunden. Wir haben noch ein paar Sekunden. Wir haben noch ein paar Sekunden. Wir haben noch ein paar Sekunden. Vielleicht das Internet noch. Also Leute auf der Internet. Vielen Dank für das Gespräch. Danke für dieses Gespräch. Danke für das Gespräch. Du hast gesagt, du hast es nicht benutzt, die GSM oder so. Und ich dachte, ob es eine Option ist, zu Verkaufs zu bekommen. Und vielleicht hast du das mit deiner Forschung stammelt. Ansonsten gibt es jemanden in dem Raum, wie du das Desktop benutzen kannst, um ein Verkauf zu machen. Das ist genau das, was ich mit der SIP-Fone gemacht habe. Du weißt, was für eine Software es ist, mit einer Netze zu kommen? Ich habe das nicht mehr angeschaut. Vielen Dank. Welche Antworten von den Audiensten? Jemand sagt, es gibt es, das ist ja schon mal gut. Ja, es ist möglich. Also, das ist gute News. Es gibt noch eine Frage. Bei einem Angel. Also, ich dachte, ob es jemand anderes ist. Ich gehe forward. Hast du gedacht, dass du etwas anderes benutzt? Ja. Aber dann würde das ganze Projekt größer sein.  Nein, nein. Gut, dann bitte noch einen großen Applaus. Also, einen großen Applaus.