Thank you everyone for coming and today we will be talking about JNAI's impact on open source. And when I say open source it's you know all of that pipeline of great stuff that the community produces and the companies end up consuming. So my name is Roman, I wear multiple hats so day job is you know co-founder of an AI company actually as of late so talk to me about that it's building a set of open source tools sort of think of us you know a little bit like maybe open source hagging phase. For AI I also happen to be VP of legal affairs at the Apache software foundation and have been a hands-on contributor to a number of big data projects in the Apache family. And luckily I actually have a lot of good friends in the Apache and Linux foundation community and a lot of the content that we produced you know to provide guidance for developers of how to use JNAI and actually some of the content even in in this slide deck come from good people that they had a privilege to collaborate with you know two of them definitely deserve a shout out. Joanna Lee from Linux foundation legal team helped a lot and Henry Yandel at the ASF was also very instrumental to creating a framework that we're going to discuss today. But before we do since we're here at the Cassandra summit let me actually start with the blog post. So everybody's talking about JNAI and you know some people say that it will replace developers in you know a couple of years. Some say that it will never replace a senior developer. Basically your opinion is as good as anybody else's. But here was a guy who was actually a very prolific contributor to Cassandra. You know you could say number one guy in Cassandra you know even who was basically very curious to see how JNAI can basically make him even more productive than he already is. And let me tell you again I've known him through the community work that he's done. He is an extremely productive coder right. So he basically took a challenge of you know getting a few JNAI tools out for a spin and you know working on a real problem you know adding a vector search to Cassandra in six weeks. So he documented it all in his blog post and I actually highly recommend that you read it. There is a link but you can just google it you know the title is free to self-explanatory. It basically talks about what I like about it. It talks about you know a really senior engineer's journey through the JNAI tool set and if you need to get an inspiration of how you can be you know more of a 10-axe engineer you know that's that's one of those. But the blog post was great but what it turned out into is a legal JIRA and for those of you unfamiliar with how we do business in Apache. Apache is a software development you know organization so everything we do including you know legal things that we discuss it's all mediated through JIRA so if anybody has you know a request be it for code change or for clarification it always ends up in a in a JIRA. So we have a legal site to JIRA in Apache and that blog post generated quite a discussion because at the end of the blog post Jonathan basically said that you know he's contributing a lot of work that he's done you know researching JNAI tools back to the community as he always does but now the question is well whose code is it right you know is it Jonathan's is it JNAI's because you know he go through all the various ways of how you would use you know one of those tools but it's actually very unclear to the community of what to do about it right do we accept it do we not accept it what do we do so again if you're interested in a real thoughtful discussion about how community views those types of problems I highly recommend again googling you know legal dash 656 or you know I'm sure the presentation will be made available so you can you can just click on it and just reading through the discussion right you know but what is obvious from the discussion and what is obvious from the blog post is that at this point the ship has sailed it's not like you can stop JNAI contributions I mean the open source community really took the red pill and there is a reason why because even if Jonathan basically tells you that JNAI makes him you know much more productive you could imagine what it would do to a junior engineer right you know not using those tools is just not an option and especially if you're building something in the open if you're building something in the community just kind of have to use those tools to basically stay ahead of the game or be your best self now when I talk about open source especially for today's presentation I really mean a very particular kind of open source because you know open source can mean different things to different people like Donald Knuth is doing tech as an open source project but it's a very different open source project compared to Cassandra right so today we're talking about very specifically software mostly software you know we're not talking about images or artwork or anything like that that basically evolves through peer-reviewed contributions right it's not a software that you know somebody sits on a mountain like Don Knuth and you know just gives you updates now and again it basically is very incrementally developed and very thoughtfully peer-reviewed the governance typically resides with a formal entity so again it's not some you know random guys project on github you know that is interesting I'm sure the guy who has or gal who has that project on github would also benefit from JNAI but we're talking about more formal structure to the open source so again something like Cassandra within the Apache software foundation would totally qualify and when we're talking about the how the software itself gets developed we're very specifically focusing on kind of the following flow of the of the contributions right so the contribution is developed and it's a phase right you know you can sit on it and develop it but then it gets submitted then it gets reviewed maybe you update it you know based on the feedback that you're receiving and finally the contribution gets accepted all those four phases basically have very specific requirements for how you deal with things like intellectual property and you know attribution and licensing so again we will be going through them in the presentation as well and finally when I say contribution I actually do mean not just the source code but anything that gets reflected in the source code form or in the form that ends up in the github or you know SVN repository so obviously could be source code I mean that just immediately comes to mind but could be documentation images again JNAI is pretty good at generating images these days it could actually be blogs again if you go back to Jonathan's you know whirlwind tour of the JNAI you will see how he's sort of trying to use it for the blogging as well but interestingly enough it could be patents you can actually use JNAI to generate patents based on the code that you're producing you could actually even use it to generate standard texts and all of that will take form in your repository so again we're not just talking about you know your source code contributions and what I would like to highlight is that again because it's so new when we say JNAI you know we all kind of assume a thing that we got introduced to but let's actually take a wider look so if you look at how JNAI is being consumed these days it actually gets consumed in two different ways obviously there's a SAS tool right you know it could be github co-pilot or amazon whisper you know code whisper or anything like that but it's basically something that you have no control over you just hook it up to what you're doing it gives you an output you know sometimes you can basically fine tune it to give you an output that is supposed to be only taken from the let's say source code licensed by a particular license so they're definitely knobs but you don't really have insight into the model you don't have an insight into how the tool works and a lot of times when you don't things that we really take for granted these days like EULAS because who reads EULAS right like I don't read EULAS like nobody reads EULAS because we kind of nowadays assume that you know if you have a EULA in place it's not like they're going after you right you know it's like hey maybe they will you know sell your data on you know to the highest bidder you know being an advertising company or something but like they're not really going after you now with these tools you really have to read the EULAS because these EULAS are very specific and a lot of times contain language that would be actually incompatible with the open source contribution so for example in the open AI this is actually taken from chat GPT you may not use the services to develop foundation models or other large-scale models that compete with open AI that is the language literally in the tool that you're using and if you're unfamiliar with that language if you miss that language obviously you might actually be in legal trouble and then the question becomes you know who gets sued who does not get sued but it still is a danger that you need to be aware of EULAS in the gen AI space you know I feel tend to be much less clear because again as a developer I'm used to like standard developer tools like you know IntelliJ or Eclipse or whatever right and again like it's pretty clear what they're trying to communicate to me here when I say I'm clear it basically gets to the level of remember you know maybe some of you remember they used to be the software license called Don't Be Evil you know Doug Crawford basically just as a joke you know put this license out with the Jason parser saying like you know you can use my software for whatever you want but just don't be evil now organizations like Apache basically had to go out of their way to ban you know that piece of software because again Don't Be Evil is just not a clear language right you know it's not a language that you want to be debated in court now if you talk about EULAS of the gen AI products they're actually full of that unclear language so for example again published content created in part using open AI may not be related to political campaigns adult content spam hateful content content that incite violence and other uses that may cause social harm now like sometimes you know discussions on the Apache mailing list feel like they may incite violence so am I violating the EULAS you know when I'm sort of generating code and then you know that code gets discussed like nobody really knows but the point is you know pay attention to that so these are the SES tools you know they're kind of like in their category they're well very well known and you know the majority I would say 80 to 90 percent of the time when you hear gen AI you will be talking about you know SES tools but nowadays they actually stand alone tools you know in a very traditional software development sense tools like again JetBrains IntelliJ and you know sort of that whole family of tooling basically has gen AI capabilities right now built in what's interesting again everybody when they're talking about gen AI is talking about just generating code or artifacts with IntelliJ the tooling basically tries to help you throughout the software development cycle so for example when you see let's say an error message you know sort of coming out of your compiler or when you see like a particularly you know interesting debugging situation a lot of times like a little knob would pop up say like do you want AI to help you with that if you click on it you know it's trying to basically do what we all do when we google for like an unfamiliar error message but it's sort of doing it you know through the AI tools so again it's not just generating the code but it's also helping you as a software developer which actually comes real handy a lot of times but again that is also under a certain Eula although now it's applied to a standalone product finally you actually can train your model from scratch a few people try this very difficult so I probably wouldn't recommend you but obviously if you train your model from scratch you know exactly what kind of data you got trained on and you have all the answers to like what the tool would you know give you back and middle ground is basically fine-tuning an existing model and again I highly recommend this blog post from hugging phase called personal co-pilot where they effectively took one of the existing you know code assistance gen AI sort of models available in the open source and they effectively fine-tuned it on a set of source that was unfamiliar to the model and you can do that you can basically make it give you the results that let's say aligned with your coding style or your teams you know coding style so it doesn't really violate that so there's a lot of you know norms that you can tweak that way but again if you do that then like all bets are off because now all of a sudden you're taking something that basically got trained on a particular set of data you're fine-tuning it on yet another set of data and what it would give back to you it's not even clear what legal terms that would be covered under right so again it's fun to do but if you're trying to do it in production or for a big company really talk to your legal advisor but now that you know you have all these options and jnai basically made you 10x of an engineer now it's time like I told you right you know you developed something right you know you developed it in 10 times less you know over time than you would typically do right you're all happy but now it's time to contribute it back and again it's if it's just you know you're sending code to some other persons you know github project like not a lot of people think about what is the legal contract that that creates between you and that other person and the answer is you know typically it's sort of license inbound license equals outbound license so let's say if the project is covered by the apache license you know your inbound contribution will also be covered by the apache license but it's actually unclear like there's a lot of legal debate about you know how that needs to be clarified the takeaway is that for all of the more formal you know projects within the governance of let's say linux foundation or apache software foundation we have clarified it by putting a particular document in place and in the case of apache it typically is icla individual contributor license agreement that has all of the language you know that is very uh uh relevant to a contract that gets created when something gets contributed back to the project for example there is you know section number five that basically says you represent that each of your contributions is your original creation now again if you just created with gen ai are you violating the contract that you like literally signed because in order to contribute to any of the apache project if you're a PMC member or a uh committer you actually have to have the icla on file with us within apache software foundation so you literally signed that contract with your own signature it's not like implicit contract that got created so are you violating that now well let's talk about that there's also uh item number seven uh which is should you wish to submit work that is not your original creation you may submit it to the foundation separately from your contribution and attribute it you know accordingly so again if you're trying to separate what gen ai gave you from what is really your creation what are the guidelines that you need to follow because the contract itself already makes you follow those guidelines now again a lot of the linux foundation projects you know they don't really use icla's they use dco developer certificate of origin it also is in in a way a very explicit contract it also has problems with gen ai uh now if you take a step back if you think about you know all of the sort of contractual obligations why do we care right you know why does icla specify the language that you know is very explicit about things being your original creation well we care because the open source was literally made possible by the copyright if the copyright doctrine didn't exist we probably wouldn't have open source even back when you know copy left got created copy left was actually a clever hack around how to circle how to sort of leverage the copyright concepts in order to create the types of software that you know we would all enjoy right but it's still operated within the assumptions that copyright is this really important legal construct that we all need to understand and the language that you see in icla is exactly there to protect you know some of the copyright uh uh aspects of the work that you're contributing now interesting i'll just give you a few tidbits of kind of how to think about the problem space when it comes to copyright uh so first of all the good news is that uh only the works made by a human mind are copyrightable so not anything that comes out of a machine or even animal so again if you are not familiar with this there's this famous ape selfie argument so google it there was actually a lawsuit brought uh uh in you know by a photographer who thought that the photographer has a copyright on pictures that were taken by an ape like ape literally would take uh a camera sometimes take selfies sometimes take pictures obviously the photographer who owned the camera and gave it to the ape so that the photographer you know has the copyright some people said no it's the ape who has the copyright so the actual and legal suit brought you know uh uh in the united states and the ruling is that ape cannot have a copyright right you know only human mind can produce work that is copyrightable it's a very useful uh precedent you know for anything that generated by the ai so by itself ai recombining uh the training data that it was given cannot really create copyrightable work uh now you as a human can basically take that and create a copyrightable work on top of that but if all you're taking is that recombination of artifacts that ai is spewing back at you it is not even copyrightable that's actually the very interesting takeaway from all of this it is not even copyrightable now again in a certain context it might actually be good news but it's just like you know pause for a second and appreciate that fact now again copyright actually has some rights you know that are obviously protected uh but it also has some rights that are carved out right you know so for example even if you have a copyrightable work let's say it's a disney movie or a song or something right you know one of the just very clear example that we're all familiar with that is carved out is using it for let's say parody so if you're parodying you know and the length of you know the original work is not too long you know even the hollywood mafia will not come after you right because that is a carved out chunk of the copyright that you can still use so it actually applies to the software as well in the sense that you can basically recombine some of the work to a certain extent as long as it is not really the expression is basically creative right so and again that's very interesting to me because what is creative like is a single line of code creative like do we measure it by the lines of code by the complexity of the code like how do we measure it some people say that you know if it's not creative we can apply the exception so even if AI produces something that is not total recombination like so suppose I produce something that is completely the world hasn't seen it well that is not copyrightable like we've established that that's kind of like an ape taking a selfie now second case is AI can actually produce something that's just a copy of what it has seen before that has happened uh but again if it's small enough and it's not creative then you can apply this exception saying like well even if it matches to some existing code like one to one it's not recombination it is not creative enough therefore I can use it again an analogy I would give you is we all know that we're not supposed to take a code from Stack Overflow because it's actually covered by a weird license and you know like we're not supposed to do that but again if it's just a single line of code if it's not creative enough uh I think we are all within our rights to actually go ahead and take that single line of you know code that we googled so it's kind of the same deal uh and uh we also have obviously cooperate issues in training versus inference right did the AI engine actually have the right to use the data that it got trained on well only the maker of the tool can answer uh versus you know what came out of the tool and can you use it in your work so these are the questions that are very useful to uh to answer so again you know I'm talking so far and it sounds like you know we've got 99 problems uh and that is true we do have a lot of questions that that that aren't clear and again I just you know stated a few here um so uh there are even other risks right there are things like you know people basically copy paste proprietary data into chat gpt window because again that's a test tool right you know it's like if that tool has uh a way of how you interact with it like that's how you would do it and if the data that you paste it you know contain some trade secrets well you might actually end up you know violating your corporate uh policy and you know there will be some level of trade secret loss there's obviously loss of privacy um there's some you know concern about in turn uh intentional manipulation of AI models you know sort of like makers of the AI tools effectively steering the models to produce the output so suppose you're a cryptographer right you know you're working on some new cryptographic algorithm and you're using gen AI tool to sort of like kind of help you with a mundane task of like you know writing for and while loops but what do you know maybe it will just get injected with a subtle bug that all of a sudden the keys that you're generating are like less secure but it's not obvious you know from just looking at the code so that potentially could happen especially if you're using tools uh that again are coming from unknown uh state actors or maybe even well known state actors but well known for they're not following the international laws there's a lot of AI models coming out of you know countries that are sort of uh uh on a gray list uh these days so again that is also something that we all need to consider and we're considering it because we cannot stand still uh like i said i mean the uh uh uh the ship has sailed whether we like it or not at the apache software foundation or linux foundation or any big corporation the developers will be using gen AI because it makes them so much more productive so what did we do with apache at least you know we basically came up with a recommendation about you know uh six months ago uh it's a very basic one it's just the beginning there was a blog post that we published you know uh go read it up it was created and sort of concerts in in synchrony with linux foundation and some of the efforts uh to help uh one of their biggest communities uh which is uh uh kubernetes you know to basically sort of figure out the same legal issues so again just go read it up but there's still a lot of questions left right you know the questions that are basically like that document even barely touches but everybody's still asking so if you go and keep looking up those legal jurors that I told you about you will see people coming back and asking like these questions right should we clearly mark all contributions created with gen AI assistance like should that be made a policy within the apache that if you're using one of those tools at least in the commit message you know leave us a breadcrumb saying that like a particular tool was used now again the stance that apache is taking today is we are recommending it but we're not enforcing it but again you know we'll see how the whole field evolves and maybe at some point we will actually start enforcing it uh another big question is how everything that we've described for an apache developer dovetails into a corporate policy because you know what every big you know 500 fortune company and then some now has a gen AI policy for their internal developers right you know what is permitted and what is not when they're working on the proprietary closed sourced code base so if it's completely asynchronous and you know not really congruent with what the patch is doing well now you have a problem because you obviously have this huge supply chain of open source that's coming from the foundational side and if it doesn't mesh well with internal corporate policies well now you basically effectively getting cut off from all of your favorite you know open source libraries because again there is a mismatch right you know there is a gap and it would be incredibly difficult to bridge that gap because once the code is in uh one of the big open source projects it's pretty much next to impossible to isolate it you know get it out and and and what not um so corporates take different stances you know towards gen AI and again here i just summarize some uh it is it is kind of zoo you know and it is a zoo of you know risk uh being risk averse you know um some companies for example authorize use of generative AI only by developers with certain credentials it's like in you need to be this tall to ride this ride type of a situation like you basically need to qualify to be able to use gen AI within the corporate setting uh it gets to that level like i know companies that actually do that now again at the patch here we don't do any of that uh so what do we do and again this list is literally taken taken from one of the linux foundation legal team presentations it's very much the same for the apache as well uh so we basically were given a choice as open source foundations we could take most cautious approach uh we can basically do it by use maybe allow it you know if you're just debugging or you know you're sort of tinkering the code but not like for the final contribution we could have decided by the by tool by tool basis saying like you must use you know github co-pilot and nothing else uh we could have just completely trusted the developer and say like do whatever you want not surprising that they approach that we took you know with between apache and linux foundation our eclipses joining as well so i think you know we'll see a coalition of these different types of open source foundations is trust the developer but provide the guidance uh so for all use cases and all ai tools for all projects just publish the guidance uh and give developers you know the understanding of what they're dealing with because again we don't really like reading legal contracts right you know nobody likes that even if you signed icla you are pretty much not really up to date with what you signed up for so at least refresh the memory for developers and that's what we're doing so again sf's answer is actually published at this sf generative tooling guidance so again you can google it or once the presentation gets published you can just click on it uh it's a pretty clear list of what we can say to you today and again a lot of corporates came to me you know afterwards and said thank you because they are now reusing this for the internal sort of uh at least as a starting point for the internal discussion or sometimes even a set of policies for how they do it within the corporate setting so again it's a very useful list it's constantly evolving so you know keep up keep keep up with it uh you know refresh your page so to speak now and again uh it stands at version 1.0 i think we will do 1.1 with a few updates that people have suggested you know relatively soon we are not anticipating 2.0 until you know the legal landscape or you know anything like that changes and genai is a very fast moving target uh you know basically you have changes in the law genai is one of the favorite you know subjects to all of not just the corporate but basically the uh uh policymakers right so you now have policymakers of EU you know telling you something about genai i'm sure the policymakers of the united states will tell you something about genai as a software developer as well so that of course will apply to us because again one little fact that we are software developers don't really appreciate is that law actually trumps our license so if our license for example says that you know it is provided to you without any kind of warranty but all of a sudden europe is making a law that warranty must be provided your license is worthless well you don't do business in europe but that's a separate issue right so law always trumps the license and in this particular case uh legal landscape is very active right it's not like in the beginning of the open source movement where we got lucky and nobody noticed us until you know we were pretty big and you know could basically speak for ourselves uh changes in tolerance for risk and ambiguity among adopters of OSS are also changing right you know some companies especially when it comes to AI get scared pretty easily because it's a big big big liability just simply because again within the united states legal framework everything is you know based on precedent not a single big precedent has been brought to court yet but there will be like i can guarantee there will be and nobody wants to be that first one uh so there's a few additional you know bullet points to consider so uh written guidance could also include a pre-approved list of AI tools i mean we don't really do that because again that would be picking winners and we don't do that in the open source community uh we could also maybe work with you know things like spdx a little bit more and sort of provide attributions and machine readable uh sort of uh uh notion of what AI tool generated what i actually want to talk to spdx fox you know within linux foundation you know a little bit more i don't think they're quite sort of catching up to that yet but maybe there is some work being done that i'm not aware of uh and that's pretty much it so thank you so much we actually have a workshop uh and the panel also uh today focused on what it means to produce open source AI uh so these and some of the other questions you know will get discussed so again if you're curious about these subjects you know come to the panel uh called the definition of open uh AI and the workshop that is done by osi later today at i think 430 so thank you so much


This is the Late Round Podcast with your host JJ Zacharisa. Trend 5 is that since Emmanuel Sanders left the Broncos, Noah Phant has seen a 27.6%, a 22.2%, and a 29.7% target share in his three games played without him. That's an elite target share across three weeks. Prior to the Sanders trade, Phant's target share was in the 11-12% range. Phant now ranked as a Titan 15, 2, and 16 over these three games. He failed to finish higher than Titan 15 with Emmanuel Sanders in that Broncos lineup.  It's tough to find that type of target share at Titan.


Welcome again here on day two of the Embedded World 2023. And thanks for joining us here at the Exhibitors Forum. Our next topic is matter, the promise of seamless device interoperability. And our speaker today is Paolo Scaniofi from STM Microelectronics. Enjoy. Yeah. Good morning, everyone. The sort name is Scanifio, indeed. And today I'm here to give you an overview about matter, because in 30 minutes it will be very difficult to give you the taste. But the aim of the presentation is to give you some seeds, some information, and some input about the standard. Before to start, I want to share with you an experience that I did exactly yesterday that gave me a better view about matter. Yesterday, I think, like the most of you, I landed in the Moonee Airport. And I needed to rent a car to come here. And when I go into the car, my phone was completely discharged. And so I took my USB connector. I connected to the car. And after, I think, five seconds on the display, it appears a message, OK, do you want to enable Apple CarPlay? Oh, cool. Yes, sure. Sure that I want. A few steps after, I did add my screen that I'm happy to have on my car. Everything was mine, my icons, my setup, my agenda for the telephone. And I said, oh, cool. That's the aim. My user experience at that time has been fantastic, OK? Seamless usage, two steps, everything went fine since the beginning. And this is exactly where matter want to bring the IoT connected devices. Because so far, let me skip the agenda. We will talk about the agenda. So far, the IoT connected devices has been a huge market. And so far, if we see, if we have a look about the CHR that are indicators of the growth from 22 to 27, we can see that if we took a couple of technologies, Bluetooth Low Energy and 802.15.4 as a marker or indicators about IoT connected devices, we can see that there is a growth, OK? But it's also true that so far, IoT connected devices, the mass deployment of that has been slowed down because of many factors. And what are those many factors? I think that you can share with me your common experience, OK? In your house, you have perhaps Google or Mochita, someone Alexa. Others can have Apple, OK?  All those main brands did a good, very good job to create ecosystem infrastructure to secure and to create a very good user experience. But indeed, they are still bubbles, OK? Each one is doing what they want. There is not a common way to interact. And then if you have, I don't know, just to say two names, Alexa and Google in your house, they don't talk. They can stay, but they don't talk. And sometimes if you say Alexa or you can call Alexa Google, he said, no, I'm not Google, I'm Alexa, OK? And here, if we talk about the big names, the giant names, but if we talk instead of the IoT mass and cheap devices that we have out there, we can understand that you give to those devices your credential for the Wi-Fi, but who grants you that those are secure enough to protect your house? I don't know. They have my credential. And if they start doing something, you know that the latest attack to your houses is made no more on the routers that are now protected, but from the small devices, like connected cameras, connected switches, because on that, so far, there were not the idea to make them so secure, so protected, and so on. And then, come on, you open your smartphone, you have the application to the gate door opener, the application for this, the application for that. OK, the user experience for guys that are technical is good, but my wife say, OK, Paolo, please manage the device yourself because I cannot understand too many, too many stuff, OK? So those problems that are listed here, so huge complexity, there are many. And for sure, there are kind of, say, users that are not able to work around and to try to find the solution. They are not. It does not work in a minute. Oh, OK, put. Vast it immediately. Various ecosystem, as we said, and then the lack of security, OK, overall, OK? I don't want to say all, but overall is a lack of security. And so the market was strongly asking for a simplification, OK, to improve the IoT adoption. OK, CSA, the Connectivity Standard Alliance, comes, understood the problem, OK? We have to remember that they were already in this philosophy with ZigBee and with other protocol, but they understood that a step farther in needed to be done. And in fact, they unraveled all these problems that we discussed, and they come with something, OK? We deem to simplify, to create an open context, meaning something that everyone can adopt, OK? To promote, again, this open standard and to enable all the objects, IoT connected, to be secured, connected through an open standard. And this, as a name, is Matter, OK? So Matter is meant to create a seamless and super user-friendly installation, super secure environment so that you don't have to go to the shop and say, OK, I do have these at home. So what I have to buy, this is compatible? No, it's Matter. Whatever is your system at home, you buy it, and you install in few steps, OK? So what is Matter? Matter is an application layer, no more than that, OK? It's an application software running or relying on top of standard layers that are well-known to the market that are basically IPv6-based, OK? So it uses IPv6. Why IPv6? Easy, thousands or millions of addresses, worldwide addressable, OK? It's well-proven, and it is available on two or three main channels, Wi-Fi, OK? Thread that is able, it is a narrow-band 2.5 gigahertz protocol that is able to transport IPv6, and then, of course, also Ethernet, the standard cable, OK? So please remember this stratification or these layers because it matters, because it gives you a real idea. So also, when we will talk about the certification, you will understand the kind of certification that you have to achieve in order to have your product ready matter. The context. The context is basically smart home and smart building, OK? So let's talk about the smart home. We know very well. I don't have a three-floor house, but OK? If you have a good for you. But the idea is very simple. You have this guy that is a border router, OK? It is connected to your access point through Ethernet or through Wi-Fi, OK? And what this is, a main task, is to create a thread network in your house. Thread is a mesh network, 2.4 gigahertz IPv6, as I said before. And the good is that, OK, even if you have a three-floor house, because of the mesh, if the border router is not able to reach directly one device, the mesh is self-adapting in order to route everything to the border router. And then you have the smartphone. In this case, that's a smartphone, but it's not limited to the smartphone. This is the controller of your network. We will see right after some other possibilities. The smartphone is used for two tasks, basically. The first one is to allow or to easy the enrollment. You buy a new device. You want to put it home. And you need a way to say to your network, OK, this is a new device. And this is typically done with the smartphone thanks to the Bluetooth low energy. We will come in a minute. And then when the new device is enrolled, is onboarded on your network, OK, you may want to light on the lights and to do additional stuff, OK? So this is the way with which you embark and you control your network. Some terminologies, OK? As I said before, the controllers. Controllers is the equipment meant to control the network. I give you the example of the smartphone because it's the easy one. But it could be something else, your home assistant, or perhaps also your thermostat. The test, it is matter-ready. And it is also a controller or any kind of display with which you can control your network. In your matter network, you can have many controllers, OK? Your wife may want it to have its one, your son, so also. OK, that's all. And then the targets. The targets are basically a cluster. And this is coming directly from ZB concept. Those are kind of equipments that have a common profile. And so you have those targets that you can control. In addition to that, those are still targets that belong on a different, let's say, subgroup. We do have the access points or the border router and the bridges. I will give you basic information about both in a minute. So if we come back to your network, OK? This is a little bit more complex, OK? Believe me, then you can see right after. You have your router. This is your access point, OK? It must be IPv6. Otherwise, the game does not work, OK? Your access point. And then you have your border router, OK? The border router, as I said, is meant to establish the threat network. And then you have your threat network with many devices, OK? Then you have controllers, OK? Many, many smartphones, many and equipments, OK? The transportation layers that you have here can be Wi-Fi, as I said. So your network could be Wi-Fi, only Wi-Fi without the thread, or Wi-Fi and thread, or only one of those, OK? But at least one of them you must have, or Ethernet in addition to that. As I said at the beginning, Bluetooth or energy, in this case, is used, but it's used only for the commissioning. After the commissioning, Bluetooth goes deep. But there is a complexity from a technical point of view because there is a moment on which Bluetooth through energy and thread, or Bluetooth through energy and Wi-Fi, must work together at the same time. And this creates from a technical point of view some headache, some troubles, OK? What matter add, because this is more or less, OK, where is the new, OK? What matter added is the security at each stage of the process, OK? Starting from the enrollment. Basically, a new device, first of all, it must be matter certified. Otherwise, OK, you cannot use. Full stop. Also, the enrollment, meaning before you deploy the credential of your Wi-Fi or the keys or the master key of your thread network are deployed to the device, must be verified as a genuine system. Otherwise, the system is not getting any data that is super sensible for you. If you deploy your Wi-Fi keys, you open your network, OK? When the new device that have been defined as genuine, good, certified, and so it is deployed with the Wi-Fi credential, for instance, joined to the network, each single byte here is encrypted with the most secure encryption that we have nowadays, OK? So the aim of this is that your network is secure, your data are really secure. OK, this is a good point.  So you already spent a lot of money. And so what? Now that the matter comes, so you have asked everything, and OK, no. CSA did a good job here because they also foreseen the possibility to add bridges, OK? Bridges are bridges, OK? Are the guys that are simply, let me switch, that this is nice, are simply translate, the matter word into something else, OK? So you have your lighting bulb system that is ZigBee, that is SubGiga, that is, I don't know, you invented it because your company has a super know-how on SubGiga super secure system, OK? No problem. You can translate the two words. This guy, what have to do is to take your private network or the existing network that you have, and he has to translate the profile, the cluster, OK? The information that is transferring. And that's all, OK? Of course, in this case, the complexity is a little bit higher, and we will see in a second. But this is absolutely feasible and stated on the matter specification. And this is great because, as I said, the thread is 2.4 gigahertz, good. But we know that 2.4 gigahertz could have some issues in range. So you can bridge with SubGiga, why not, OK? And have your system. How this technology or these requirements translates on devices, OK? You remember the first slide that I said, please remember? We have the matter layer. Then we have TCP, UDP, IPv6. And then you could have thread, Bluetooth or energy, perhaps also Wi-Fi all together. And then on top of that, you may want to do your application, right? Otherwise, it's useless. And so the stratification of the software is huge, OK? This is not meant for super tiny or super constrain devices. But we will see in a moment, you have still the possibility to use standard wireless MCUs with some special requirements. But those are standard, OK? So for the end devices that could be TV, TV, HVAC controls, or whatever, you can use a standard wireless MCUs. Or you can use a standard wireless MCUs as a co-processor, OK? Because perhaps your system has a super cool graphic display, 10-inch, OK? So a wireless MCU is not meant for that, OK? So you can keep an MCU high performance with graphic support and then use a standard wireless MCUs as co-processor. While Fourier Assets Point bridges, border routers, and bridges, in this case, they need to do something more, OK? The computational power they need is a little bit higher, because typically they are translating the Ethernet IPv6 to, if it is a bridge to something else, to ZigBee, OK? So typically, it is used a wireless MCU as a co-processor for an MPU or a high performance MCU. And we will see our development, OK? Certifications. Again, remember this stratification that I said, Bluetooth or energy, thread, Wi-Fi, and then matter. All of those must be certified, OK? And before to go to the CSA and say, OK, guys, I'm in you. I want to certify matter by product, you have to demonstrate that you have the, if it is Bluetooth, you have this SIG certification. If it is thread, you have the need to be thread group certified. If it is Wi-Fi, you need to be Wi-Fi aligned and certified. And then you go with those certifications to the CSA and say, OK, I'm already, the transport layers are certified. Please certify my matter application, OK? It's many steps, OK? That's the message. As I said, you must to be certified. Otherwise, the party does not start. For the time being, you must to go to accredited laboratories, OK, so you cannot inherit in any meaning for a new device. You cannot inherit any previous certification, also coming from the Silicon vendor, OK? And as I said, each layer must be certified. So what are the challenges as of today? Again, the memory footprint as of today is 900K flash for a single instance of matter, 900K byte, OK, flash. And then if you want and you must have OTA, you have to double. And then you have also your application on top of it, OK, I don't know how much is your application. So it's not meant for tiny devices. You need thread and Bluetooth through energy concurrent. Just to say that Bluetooth through energy is not mandatory. If your equipment has the possibility to enter by a meaning of display or keyboard or something else, the passcode, OK? So it's not mandatory if you have another meaning to provide a declaration. As of today, the ecosystem from the CSA is only Linux, OK? And this is, OK, could be a trouble, a deck, something more. And then how CSA gives you the right to put on the field a new device. The rights are coming from the DAC. And the DAC is a certificate that is the result of your certification process. This certificate is signed by a route of trust, OK, for which you need the pie that is a key. And these must be deployed into your device. So each device must be provisioned by at least the DAC, additional keys. You need to ask to the CSA your vendor ID. You need to have your vendor ID and product ID. And there are additional, it is called data factory, something like that, that describes your product, OK? All of those must be deployed in each device during your building, OK? And again, to reinforce the message, everything must be certified. OK, how we at SD support this business, OK? Or this opportunity? With two main, let's say, macro blocks. STN32, I think, I hope that you know, our STN32 MCUs that could be used for bridges, for access point, or even DMPUs, OK? With the STN32 WB wireless series, that is what you need to go wireless. And then thanks to the ecosystem, the STN32 cube ecosystem that provides you all the need, the software, the software, the tools, the debug, and so on, OK? Everything stated here, a part of the MCU that you have to pay, is free of charge. A quick snapshot about the STN32 WB series. When you see W after the STN32, it means wireless, OK? So why the STN32 WB? Because it's a dual core, Cortex-M4 and Cortex-M0, because we don't know how much is complex to your application. Remember, matter is an application layer, OK? So what we do is to load these stacks, Bluetooth or energy, and thread on the Cortex-M0 plus.  You cannot touch, you cannot influence or corrupt the protocols.  One megaflash, 256K byte of RAM. I forgot to say that the RAM needed by matter is about 200K, OK? So you still have some freedom, more or less, OK? WB is good because it's multi-protocol. Also, it is able to run in concurrency, matter, and thread, or ZIGB and Bluetooth, pardon, Bluetooth through energy, and thread, and or Bluetooth through energy, and ZIGB, simultaneously, OK? It's a one-stop shop because we do provide all the ecosystem needed for you, starting from the graphical configuration of the hardware at the check of if your hardware and your peripherals are good, up to the tools to certify or to verify the radio frequency. So everything is inside this main box. And then there is a large portfolio, OK? Large portfolio that includes module. So on our booth, and I invited you to reach us, on our booth you will see a matter running on the SOC and on the modules also, OK? Why the modules? The modules are very cool because it has 72 GPIOs, OK? So you can make your application. It has one Mac flash, and in addition to that, it does support the execution in place thanks to the code SPI. So you can enlarge the flash as much as you want. And then 10 years longevity commitment. This is a legal commitment. Every year, we renew these 10 years, longevity commitment, so you can count on these devices at least for the next 10 years. If we don't renew the program, it means that you have nine years in front of you, OK? Super cool. And let me add a very important point, ST invested a lot on capacity for wireless products and for other products, OK, now are serious. So zero problem of deliveries, zero problem of capacity. We are coming all from a very good moment. OK, let me skip rapidly these, but the SDK that we do provide are available both for Linux and Windows. So we do a step forward versus what as you say did so far. So we do provide the Linux and Windows environment. We do provide the XCube matter. This is an SDK. This is an add-on. Why an add-on and not integrated on our environment? Because these is STM32 agnostic. You can load the XCube matter onto an MCU or a wireless MCU in order to build your application, OK? So it's agnostic for that. And then we do have also a GitHub hotspot. I will give you all the references right after in which we provide, let's say, unofficial releases, OK? And so far, because we are still in the process to finalize our releases, all the deliverables are in GitHub hotspot. GitHub hotspot, OK? Let me skip here. So the demo that you can enjoy at our booth where there are experts on the topic that can answer to all your questions and where I think that you can also get some evaluation board for free. OK. In terms of this is the block diagram of the application, OK? So you have your controller, the smartphone. You have the gateway. And in this case, we will see is an MPU with the STM32WB as a radio coprocessor. And then you have the matter device that instead is fully running on the model that is this guy in the corner over there. If we translate in, let's say, a better block diagram, I like this one, OK? So what you can see, OK, here, you can control your network through two devices. In this case, I think that you have recognized this is a Google Nest or your mobile phone, OK? Those are Wi-Fi connected to the gateway, OK? Or the border router. The border router is a standard MPU, OK, connected with the WB as a radio coprocessor. And this creates the thread network, OK, with which the end devices are connected. The demo is a light bulb, so you will see giant bulbs. And the idea is to de-merge, to switch on and off. This is a cluster for the light bulb. Funny story is that we are running a matter on the evaluation board, the nuclear. This is the easiest one without any additional stuffs around or on the discovery that is based on the model. The model, again, is this guy over there. It's 11 by 7 with integrated antenna, OK? The matter bridge. We do have also the matter bridge, OK? But we don't have here today because of the space on the booth. The matter bridge is easy, OK? It is based on STN32-H7, OK? H7 is in high performance. It's a Cortex-M7 550MHz, OK, with a lot of power computation. It is used the STN32-WB as a radio coprocessor, and it translates matter to ZigBee. And this is all the riverables that you can download and test by yourself today, not tomorrow. OK, take a ways, guys. Sorry, I go a little bit longer, but three main takeaways for you today, and then we are done. So we really, we strongly believe in matter, OK? There are still some question marks about the size, about the challenges, but the bases are very good, OK? So we really believe that matter is the base for a massive IoT adoption, OK? We at ST, we are fully committed on matter. We are also on the board of directors, and we are ready to follow as we do now and the future the new releases, OK? And we do support on all our series, from MCU and MQ. And finally, you're welcome to join us to have a talk with our expert. I will be also there. They can really go into the details, OK, if you have any additional question. I'm sorry for the question. I think that we don't have time, but really, if you want to join, please join us at the all for A. And here are some QR codes where you can get access to the deliverables ready today. So thank you very much, and see you at our booth.


There's an abundant amount of information that we're losing moment to moment. How can we harvest this information to create a reality, an assisted experience? The internet is dead. The internet, the information of you is the future. People will create an assisted reality created on demand as you need it. There are no such thing as thought-laders. Serotonin is a thought-lader.


Welcome my artistic friends and visitors to Monet Cafe. I'm bringing you a lesson today that I've wanted to do for a while on how we can make energy in our paintings and create movement in our art. You know, we can have a great photograph. This is a photo that I took myself from Crystal River, Florida. What a beautiful place. But we're not necessarily copying a photograph. We don't want to copy it. We want to interpret it. And you know, it takes a lot of practice and learning a whole lot about good art. And there are some basic rules. You know, we got to get composition right and some of the core things I talk about in my videos. But once you start to get those things established, you can start to invent and or reinvent your photograph and interpret it in a way that is more painterly. So that's my goal today is to kind of show you how I create that movement energy and impressionistic feel within a painting. These are some neocolor water soluble wax pastels. I'm not even sure why they're called pastels because they're really kind of like crayons. But don't use regular crayons. Please don't do that. These are really neat little painting tools that I break them often and I kind of use the sides. But all I'm doing here is I'm working on a prepared surface that I've already made. If you're curious to what that orange board is there, I do have some videos. I'll try to put a link in here so you can see how to do these. I like it. I love that orange glow underneath my work and I like just a complementary color. It's great underneath landscape paintings. Now all I'm doing here is using the wax pastels to block in the basic composition. I'm not getting any detail here. I'm literally just looking at the reference photo. It already has a great composition as is. So I didn't have to change a lot in this one. But I'm getting in the values. You can't see right here. It doesn't look very dark right now. But with these wax pastels you add water or alcohol to them and literally paint them. So you'll see in a minute how they'll darken up. But again, I'm just using the side. I love to break them in half and just kind of sketch out the basic composition. So I have this right now in real time. I know a lot of you guys like that. I will have to speed it up soon though because this video would take forever if I didn't speed it up some. So you'll watch me now. I'm going to speed this up a little bit and you'll see me. I'm just getting in the values, getting in specifically all the darks. Notice those clouds. They have a lot of dark colors underneath them or values underneath them. So just blocking that all in. Now I've just sped this up two times at speed. I wanted to mention that sometimes, you know, I might have people watching my videos and think, I don't have that product. I need that orange board. I need those wax pastels. But no, you don't. These concepts work the same with different tools that you have or whatever mediums you might have. You might just have a regular piece of sanded paper. You might. You can practice this stuff with regular drawing paper. The same things about value and a lot of the things I'm going to talk about work the same across different materials that you might have. So don't get frustrated.  You can use. You might have new pastels, hard pastels. You could use those with this. You could do it on watercolor paper. I have some videos where I talk about how you can make your own pastel surfaces on watercolor paper. So use what you have. But mostly just practice and have fun. Don't get too serious about everything.  But don't get so serious that you beat yourself up if something doesn't come out just right. Like I said in my last video, it takes a lot of paintings before you really feel like, wow, I'm an artist. But you can have a gift, a natural given gift. And usually I find people, if they have a gift, it's usually because they love it. They love art. But the rules can be learned. You just don't know them all yet. So you can learn them if you have a passionate spirit about learning these things. And you just really love it and want to do it. So so use whatever tools you have and keep practicing and just enjoy and love this journey that we're on because it's fun. And the great thing is we can do it together. Now what you just saw there was rubbing alcohol. I use it. I use it instead of water. You can use water too, because it dries faster. I've just got a really cheap, very kind of coarse bristly brush here. Again, this doesn't come out as bright as it would. I typically use this on a white or a lighter surface. So because the surface is orange, you know, it doesn't show up as much. But it gives the same idea. Again, I'm blocking in big shapes. You always want to work big, down to small. You never want to start focusing on little details right now. That's going to make your painting very tight. And again, the focus of this is to create energy and movement in our painting. And you're not going to have that movement if you're focused on the little teeny weeny little details and all the little bumps in the cloud and the little ripples in the water. Now I've seen art that I love that does have everything so detailed like that. But typically even those photorealism artists, they still start out with big shapes and work down to the smaller shapes. But again, I focus a lot on a painterly, loose style. I just like that look. Again, our name Monet cafe. I loved how Monet had his impressionistic style. So that's kind of my, my heart is there. And I think a lot of you guys relate. So now you can see kind of how they're brightening up with that alcohol that I'm putting on. And I am even though I look like I'm being pretty messy here, I'm still focusing on keeping the values where they need to be. But when you see like when I painted that sky in this water, notice how I'm making big strokes. And some I go across and then some I, I try to go more in the movement of how the water is. I do that more later with the pastels. But again, see how they're just brightening up like that. And it's really kind of fun. You know, it starts with that dreamy look right now. And that's one of the things I like about the wax pastels. But again, just at this point, basics, basics, big shapes and values. And notice how I'm, I'm not staying, not like coloring in the lines, so to speak. I'm, I'm letting the clouds kind of blend and, and some of the energy from the wax pastels and the movement just drip and run all over the place. So I hope that makes sense. It does in my brain anyway. So now I'm just blowing it dry and feeling it to make sure it's all the way dry. And then I can start applying the pastels. Now this is a similar concept to what I just did. I'm working still with big shapes and with value. Now right now that you notice that in between those two clouds up top, it might look like, why is she adding that purplish blue? You get energy and, and impact and beauty. I think when you combine multiple colors, it would be very flat if I just tried to find that exact color blue and paint on my painting, that color blue that I see. Your colors are going to vibrate and just be more alive. Again, about creating that energy, they definitely will create more energy when you layer multiple colors. So in pastels, you typically layer your darks first with your lights on top, unlike watercolor, which is opposite. And so that's why I'm focusing on getting some of these darker pastels in right now. And you know, some of you guys might be able to relate to me. You have to paint a long time before you start building some confidence. I think we all lack confidence sometimes unless you're just one of those outstanding fantastic artists that's been painting forever. But my, my little lack of confidence used to always come in when I would start doing this and painting loosely and I'd back up and I'd go, this just looks like a mess. Have any of you guys ever done that? My husband used to make fun of me because he's like, you say that every single time. But that's my point here is it does kind of look like a mess because if I was to have it look fixed and already looking like trees and stuff now, I would lose that energy and that painterly feel. So it is going to look a little bit like a mess at first, but a mess within the rules. Okay. I still have to get my composition right and my motion right. Notice how I'm making my lines move like the water down below that I just did. I'm not just doing it flat, straight across with all of the lines. I'm moving them in kind of the direction how the water's flowing, but I'm being very free with it and not so fixed. Again, you can't see all the colors I'm choosing right now, but I'm picking colors that may be obviously they're not the same that's in the scene. They may be a little exploratory, but you can always play around with color as long as you get your value right. You have to get your value right or the painting is not going to look professional. So stay within the value, correct values, but experiment with color. There's still rules to color too. I don't mean to say you just no holds bars barred, but you can get a little bit more fun with color than you can changing values or getting too creative with values. Now you may have noticed the bumpy surface.  I think I actually used the bumpy side, but once I get my general layer of pastels down, I'm using this piece of pipe foam insulation. Nothing real fancy. You buy it at a hardware store. You don't have to go to an art supply store or anything. So you might be able to catch a glimpse of it.  I don't do a lot of blending, but sometimes at the beginning stages like this, it's good to kind of soften it up, especially if you're wanting to get that look of distance like the sky. You want it to look like it's further away. Some things I do leave bumpy or texture. That's a better word. I leave with more texture, but in this case some of the stuff I wanted to soften it up a little bit. Now here I go again putting down more value. So you see you got to be patient. You can't get too anxious to get everything just sew right away or you'll lose that painterly style. So it does take a lot of layering, a lot of work, a lot of practice, but before you know it, if you keep just working, you're going to have a lot that you don't like and then finally you're going to start to say, hey, this is starting to look like something. I know some of you guys can relate because I've watched your work on our Facebook group, Monet Cafe Artwork and I've seen some of you that literally just started experimenting with pastels and then before you know it, with a lot of practice, I've watched you guys just improve so much. It's so fun for me. I feel like a mama artist watching you guys. Now I'm using that bright blue back there. Cooler colors like blues and cool greens, they recede, they push back. That would not have worked if I put a red mountain back there, okay? So things tend to cool out in the distance. Now I put down a little bit of a darker color than it's going to be eventually. I actually end up darkening that up. That's going to be kind of like the sky. Yeah, there I darken it up now, but it's going to, those mountains in the background, I'm actually going to lighten them up a little bit, but you want to always put your darker down first. Again, creating interest in your colors. You don't want just a flat color, so I do enhance that color a little bit later. Oh, I missed a little filming there, so the clouds just popped in. They're a little dark shadows, like they're holding rain. So again, I'm just going to paint a little bit here. I love talking to you guys, but sometimes maybe you just want to watch the painting. So I'm going to play the music, let you watch a little bit, and pop back in when I have a comment or two. I wanted to comment right here that some people might think this is an unusual color for the sky, but notice that really pale neutral green that I used. See how that created energy in the painting and interest, and again, as long as the value's right. It looked like that was the right value for those distant clouds. You see those clouds that are real far away in between, like in the middle of those trees. If you look back, there's kind of some softer clouds, not the ones that are formed so precisely. But anyway, that was a value that seemed to work, and a lot of times I like to share or repeat the same colors throughout my painting. It brings a harmony to it, so I use some of that pale neutral green in the clouds, as well as the clouds in the foreground, as well as the background. Now, I'm focusing on value with these clouds. Notice, you might not can notice, but I haven't used white, and I don't use white in this. I do use some lighter blues, and I think some lighter pinks. But value is dependent on what it is next to. In other words, that white is going to look white if it's next to something dark. So that's kind of like a little illusion that you're creating. But I'm making sure that some of my distant clouds, they're not going to have that same bold punch of white. Colors and values decrease in the background, and they cool out in the background. So these are all little things that you just learn the more you do. And it's kind of fun, because I have one of my videos where I think I call it the Magic Tricks of Art, and it really is. It's just a lot of rules you follow, and once you learn the rules and you practice, you can make them work in your favor to create beautiful paintings. So again, I'm getting a little bit fun with color here, but actually, now that color there actually is kind of local to the scene. Notice that the green that I'm adding there is very similar to the green that is on those those marshy grasses, okay? I'm using the more neutral ones out to the sides and those warmer lighter value greens more in the foreground grasses. I'm kind of creating an illusion there. These little punches of that reddish, orangy reddish color is just going to give interest. Again, make a little bit more energy to your painting, then if you just try to emulate or reproduce the colors that are actually there. I talked in one of my last videos too about training your eyes to see subtle colors. I sort of zone out when I'm painting. Some of you might be able to understand if you've been painting a while. I just start almost just like reacting and squinting a lot and just looking at the colors, and then before you know what it becomes just involuntary really, you know? And I'm looking forward to getting even better. I know I on this channel I come off as the teacher and everything which I'm again I love to focus on teaching the beginner, but I am always still the student myself. I'm always critiquing my work. I am not anywhere the artist that I want to be. I have my artist that I admire so much and I look at their work and and just love it just like you guys do it with other artists. So we're always just learning. I'm sorry for the film popping around a little bit. Now I just added a little bit of that blue. Remember how I said I was going to come back with another blue to give it more interest on top of those not mountains but trees in the background? And you see how that blue? Now I'm starting to get some energy there. Look how that just brought that painting to life. Now the strokes that I'm doing in the water that's going to create the movement. Again I almost feel like it's a dance as much as a painting. And I love when I have limited amount of time to work on a painting. I don't always love that but sometimes I do because it forces me to keep it loose and keep the energy in it. And that's what happened in this case. I only had an hour or two before I had to be somewhere and I was like I'm just going to put something up on the board and start working on it. My light keeps changing in my studio. If you notice the painting looks dull and then it looks bright. But anyway so now it's starting to take some shape. Okay we're starting to see that shoreline and it's starting to come into view. The clouds still they're going to get more smoothing. Not so chunky. Actually I do kind of keep it a little bit chunky because I liked it in this case. But the more pastels I put on it. Again I say a lot that I don't like to blend with my fingers or a lot with with at the end of a painting with that pipe foam insulation. But I actually will use a harder pastel. I'm doing it right now. That at the end the harder pastel itself will blend things. Okay it'll start to blend the chunkiness away from something. So um so all right I'm going to paint a little bit more now and I hope you're learning. I really do. I want you just to keep trying though. The greatest way to learn is to practice. Just get it out and do it. And like I always say don't start some big series piece.  Find you a little maybe a marshy scene or something and just play around with it. Even if you just do a sketch. So we're always learning and growing. Now this is getting to the point of where I'm being purposeful and trying to finish things up but not overwork it. There's a point where sometimes we can get so nitpicky with something we end up just overworking it and we later go oh man I wish I'd have stopped back you know 10 minutes ago or whatever. But I am still getting a little creative with color. You see I'm adding some pinks under those clouds. I do soften that up later but I hope you understand the point of this lesson about creating energy and movement. If you notice if you look at the reference image on the right which is a lovely place. Oh my goodness an artist could recreate that just with the exact local color that you see there. But with my interpretive color and my loose strokes I have attempted to create an energetic painting and an impressionistic painting versus a realistic static painting. So again I hope you learned something from this. Keep practicing. Keep enjoying this beautiful journey of art. I'm so glad so many people have subscribed to this channel. If you haven't please do so. It's a fun place to be. I think a lot of us just like being together. And please join us on Monet Cafe Art Group on Facebook. If you'd like to get some instruction from lots of other great artists there's so much help on that channel. So anyway as always you guys happy painting blessings and come back often. Bye.


with the second of the two 1,000 events for the WTA over and done with and some surprise results. And also on the men's side, some big upsets happening this week. We had some really interesting changes to the rankings with lower ranked players getting a real big boost in the rankings. But let's go have a look at who actually won last week because we had some really interesting results. So starting at the Dubai Championships, Paulini takes out Callan Sky, a 4-6-7-5-7-5 to lift her first WTA 1,000 trophy. And that tournament was stacked. It had a lot of the top four players playing yet in the final, we had an unseated final. So very, very interesting in Paulini, got a massive boost in the rankings because of it. Over on the men's side in Rio, we had Baez, taking out Navon in the final 6-2-6-1. And that tournament had Elka resident, of course, he was the defending finalist. So massive boost for Baez in the rankings because of that 500 points. Over in Los Carbos, we had Jordan Thompson taking out both Sverev and Rude along the way to get the title, his first ever title on the ATP 6376. And over in Doha, we had Hashinov taking out Menzik 7-6-6-4 to lift another trophy in his career. So really random winners, I guess you could say, because as I mentioned, we did have players like Fiontech, Sabalanke, we're back in a golf playing in Dubai. We had Elka resident, Rio. We had Sverev and Sizi pass, Los Carbos, and Rublav played Doha. So yeah, some unlikely champions this week and it resulted in a lot of different rankings changes outside the top 10. Let's go have a look at the players that have gone up in the rankings this week. Starting with Pelini, she goes up 13 spots, number 14 in the world, which is of course the career high for her after getting a thousand points for winning in Dubai. Kellan Skyer goes up 16 spots to 24 in the world, also a career high for her after making the final in Dubai. And Jordan Thompson, he goes up eight spots, number 32 in the world, highest ranking he's ever been in his career after lifting his first ATP trophy. The players that have gone down in the rankings, Rajikovar, she goes at nine spots to 21 in the world after not playing in Dubai and losing all the points he made from last year by winning the trophy. Kam Nori, also losing a lot of points from last year's Rio trophy. He goes down six spots to number 29 in the world, and Andy Murray. He's gone down 17 spots to number 67 in the world after losing all the points he made from the Doha final from last year. So all the players that did really well last year unable to replicate that this year and really getting penalized in the rankings. Okay, let's start on the WTA because there were some small changes to the top 10, nothing up the top. Sfiantec staying at number one despite not replicating last year's final in Dubai, still ahead of Sabalenkert number two with Goff at three, Rabakon at four, and Pagula at five. Jabir stays at number six, but there was a change in the bottom, with Vandrussever going up to number seven, pushing Zhang down to number eight after she made a good run in Dubai. And Marius Akri back into the top 10 after one week of falling out of the top 10, going up two spots to number nine, pushing both Osta Penko down to number 10, and Mukua dropping out of the top 10 completely after, again, not playing another tournament due to injury. She won't be back for a while, so Mukua was ranking, unfortunately, is going to drop a lot if she's not able to play. A couple of changes there, down the bottom half of the top 10 after some interesting results in Dubai. Have a look at the race of the finals now, and Sabalenka still at number one after that Australian open win with Rabakon at number two, Sfiantec at number three, and Zhang at number four. Osta Penko, she stays at five, but we do have a change in the bottom with Palini going up 25 spots to that number six spot after winning in Dubai. Getting a thousand points really does help at this time of the season. She pushes Goff down to number seven. Kalinskaya also goes up eight spots back into the top 10 to number eight after making the final of Dubai, pushing Yastremska down to number nine. Palia Cenkova goes down to number 10, and Noskova and Kazakina both falling out of the top 10 because of those boosts. So, again, Saitons take a little bit of shapes and familiar names there, and good to see Kalinskaya after a great start to the season getting back into that race of the finals after making another run at a tournament. All right, we're on the men's side now, and no changes with Djokovic staying at one, and Elkres staying at number two. Sinner stays at three with Mervadev at number four, Rubelev at five, and Zverev at six. Runa, he stays at number seven with Hercatch at number eight. Demonol stays at nine, and Fritz will stay at number 10 for now, but there is some players next week that are playing in Dubai and Acapulco. In fact, everyone from Mervadev down is playing next week, so we could see some changes to the rankings depending on how well they do, of course. Both Acapulco and Dubai are worth 500 points, so there is a chance that we do see some changes to the bottom half of the top 10, because you can see there with the points, there's a lot of players that only have a couple of hundred points between them and the guy behind them. Looking at the race of the finals, and Sinner straight up in champion, still at number one with Mervadev at number two, Zverev at three, and Djokovic at four, but we do have a change with Rubelev going up one spot to number five, pushing Demonol down at number six after having a better week last week in Doha than Demonol had in Los Cabos. And Baez, he goes up 30 spots into that number seven spot after putting 500 points on his total, pushing Demetrop down at number eight, Hercash down to number nine, Fritz down at number 10, and Tommy Paul gets kicked out of the top 10 completely, so one big tournament at this time of the year, getting 500 points really can help your ranking when it comes to the race of the finals, so a massive boost there for Baez. So there it is, that is both the race of the finals and the AW rankings and the WTA rankings, not too many changes to the top of the tree yet, but remember Indian Wells and Miami are coming up, Djokovic is going to play those events for the first time in over like two years or something like that, of course Fiontech, Savalanca, Rabakina all did well at those events last year, so we're going to see how they play and how they do because their ranking might be at stake, especially Rabakina, who made the final of both, winning one and losing the other, so she really has a lot of points at stake, also Mervadev, he also did the same thing, but on the men's side of things, Sinner as well, Elcrez, so they all have a lot of points to defend over the next couple of weeks, but let me know down in the comments below. What has been the biggest shock for you this week in the rankings? Is it the fact that last week, it was like the battle of the underdogs, or the underdogs winning, it was so random, Pelini, Kalinskaya, what a final that was, and really random because of the fact that we had so many players playing in that event, so many top players playing in that Divy event, but there it is, the rankings for another week, starting to take a little bit of shape with the rest of the finals, and no big changes yet to the top 10.


The angels they asked me how did you spend your youth I replied I spent it searching I replied I spent it searching for the truth I was confused who was the leader after the Nebbi I was confused who was the leader after the Nebbi for how can the prophet leave without appointing A.W.C for how can the prophet leave without appointing A.W.C they told me O man they told me go and search the events of Ghadir they told me O man go and search the events of Ghadir upon which all the muslims said upon which all the muslims said Bekhin Bekhin Bekha Ya Ali


A team of joint security forces have staged a walk in Karno state, not west Nigeria to show readiness for the hitch-free salad celebrations. The team was led by the Commissioner of Police Usaini Ghummel. The state commissioner of police also led the teams consisting of men from the army, the police, immigration, NSCDC and the Federal Road Safety Corps. The Commissioner of Police Usaini Ghummel addressed residents calling for calm and peaceful salad celebrations. The 10-kilometer walk ended with the teams converging at the famous Saniyabacha Stadium. The commissioner warned against reckless driving before during and after the salad celebrations.


What should a husband do if a wife doesn't want to forgive or work things out in a separation? Even if there hasn't been any adultery cheating or any physical abuse.  So what do I do? What would I do? I've never had to do that. Thank you Lord But what would I do? I Think what I would probably end up doing is just keeping it in prayer and asking God to work in my heart You know and give me opportunity But it's really a matter of the spirit working on her heart Because you can't make you can't make a woman love you if she doesn't want to You can't say look how I've changed because she'll just think you're nagging her You can't do that that it's a really a helpless place It really is when you love someone and they don't seem to love you anymore when you want to reconcile and they don't want to reconcile with you There's nothing you can do you do the initial things you you you ask to get together You ask to talk you ask to the council and you go through all of those But once those things have been exhausted you have to leave it in the hands of the Lord There's nothing else you can do But I've discovered something about the Lord. I've discovered that he Can't touch people's hearts and he can do that through prayer, you know, there's a There's a scripture of the the king's heart is in the Lord's hands like the rivers of water He'd turn at that with or so ever he wills, you know God has a way of touching hearts and so I I take these things to the Lord in prayer and And and I want to be the best Christian man I can be so if the Lord should bring a reconciliation with my wife My life has been transformed by my time with them so that she's actually getting a different man a different man And but that's pretty much all that I could I could say item That's best I can say