What's up everybody? I'm the hook and I'm the blade and together we're you know, welcome to the hook-hook blade blade and podcast about all things ghost of sushi Because you know, it's the most anticipated assassin's creed game of the year I don't know about you, but I think the ghost of sushi ma is what assassin's creed should be right now Just a just a hot take from your boy Lawson. Yeah, I've never heard that opinion before. No, it's a very I'm very original Tim look, I want you to cast your memory back to a different more innocent time. Okay, okay We were recording episode one of this very podcast Valhalla details thoughts and theories information about assassin's creed Valhalla was just beginning to come out Mm-hmm. I want you to put yourself in the headspace you were in then. Okay, what were you thinking feeling? What were you hoping in regards to assassin's creed Valhalla? What did your imagined version of the game look like? well it was really like revitalizing my interests in the series and Agreed the end result was gonna be something that's gonna like get me back in it for At least a while, you know because you've always wanted you've always wanted a medieval setting Yeah, I mean since the first game Yeah, I've always wanted to go back there and they just teased me with the prologue and unity So and like the rift missions and you know where we are able to be in medieval France Like mm-hmm that setting has always just really made me happy Right, so we're getting this information. We know that like okay ash wrath is back Darby is back. Mm-hmm, you know well, it really seemed like it really seemed like things were Like coming back to normal Yes, because even though Ashraf isn't Even though I'll talk about that in a second even though Ashraf isn't behind every like my favorite games this series He always represented someone with a lot of passion Yeah with especially Darby because Darby has written my favorite game the series Yeah, so Darby coming back to me I felt he was gonna breathe like a like a Classic air into the series, you know because we've had such a departure in the last couple games I still think there's hope, but I don't know about you. It's looking kind of bleak. No, I yeah, I mean Well, the first the leaks came out. Yeah, so Before we get too deep into this A couple notes at the top of the show for you guys first thing I'm in a different environment than I usually am so for giving me audio quality Changes that may be a part of that.  No Well, I'm not I just wanted to see if you'd believe me Five five four episodes later many weeks to between Yeah, the last episode and then I do think that we would be remiss to not bring up and touch on Like what's actually going on at Ubisoft cuz I do think that we're in this really weird sort of interesting moment where at one Time you have Ubisoft doing this big old balls out press conference Ubisoft forward. Here's everything It's happening Ubisoft and then it's actual absolute chaos behind the scenes Yeah executives being fired Eve is like The CEO of Ubisoft Eve Guillemot is really it seems like he's trying to contain the situation Yeah, I'm trying to actually make some positive changes I know that one guy who is essentially the chief creative officer at Ubisoft the the main dude who you know with a word He could green light or cancel any video game that Ubisoft was developing He was at the center of a number of allegations Everyone thought he was untouchable. He's gone now. So right there are some good things happening But if for those of you who don't know which I can't imagine there are many listening to this podcast who don't know What's been going on the last few weeks? We actually took a bit of a hiatus because it was just it was really hard to feel Excited and interested in Assassin's Creed at a time when a lot of the people involved with it We're starting to find out. We're doing some really scummy things. Yeah, and even people that we kind of admired Yeah, people that we've had conversations with in some cases people that we Like are tangentially close to yeah, you know, it's been kind of a really You know every I think every community is starting to go through things like this I Just found out that apparently there's a massive Like abuse scandal going on in the world of competitive Smash Brothers Really? It's no one is safe. No one is safe not even not even the Smash Brothers not even the Smash Brothers are safe So, yeah, it's been a little bit of a you could call it a me to be soft Yeah, I mean, it's it's been very bittersweet because on the one hand. It's good that these things are coming out Absolutely positive change is possible. Yes because of the the bravery of a lot of these people Speaking out about these issues. Yeah, because otherwise it just would have gone unchecked And I think it's nice to see everyone kind of being unified and support and it just sucks that these people who we Thought we kind of knew a little bit, you know Yeah Turned out different than we thought. Yeah, so I just hope for the most positive of of change from here on yeah If any of you are curious about some of this stuff There's a great series of Twitter threads that have been compiled by I Don't know if he's a journalist. I think he is though in terms of gaming but at Denny the villain on Twitter He compiles a lot of these Allegations accusations and the stories they're in so give that a look if you're curious about all of this stuff, but Yeah, it definitely casts a shadow over The things that we're about to be talking about 100% with that in mind Yes, chronologically the first taste we got of Valhalla was a couple of leaks couple of leaked clips, right that were allegedly like basically alpha gameplay It's not pre-alpha They were looking pretty rough. Yeah that that for the first leak I saw was this was the hat was the half hour one Yeah, and that got all the press and it was the same mission being played in that leak That is being played in the official you before we're demo to yeah, and so that was the first one that I saw and then I Admittedly was not too thrilled with it, but I tried I kept the I kept some I kept some optimism because you Orders right on the corner just before you before There was that other there was this other like mission that was leaked. Yeah, it was like a nine minute video Yeah, I was like seven or nine minutes, and it was Lady Avor fighting some like witch boss thing Yeah, and I hated it Okay, so let here's one thing that you just made me think about that I'm not sure we've discussed at all okay I Really noticed something that Fizz Philippe the the quest director He's the one sort of narrating the uB forward Valhalla demo, and he talks about a fight that you have With this supernatural mini boss situation and he explains that there is an Explanation for why you're seeing the weird shit you're seeing is Avor. It's because you've been drugged so the only official bit of like supernatural mythical kind of If experience that we've seen there's Technically a completely logical grounded explanation for so but now I'm wondering The fact that they drew attention to that that feels deliberate to me like they want us tell us Hey, this actually is gonna be pretty grounded regardless of what you've seen, but Then you look at that video of finding a witch boss, and you're like Yeah, I think this is just a dead-ass witch that we're right now How often is Avor gonna be drugged? I mean when when she fights the witch or the giant wolf Yeah, you know or has to hack and slash a boss a hundred times Yeah And even if they try to go the route of like oh well actually this weird thing you're seeing is like a first civilization shenanigans like That's better than nothing. Yeah. Yeah, but it doesn't quite hold up to a whole lot of scrutiny I don't think but I just thought that was interesting Yeah, I know that you personally are not a big fan of the mythological stuff, right? No, I mean, I'm I guess I'm into it if it's like a contained DLC type deal Yeah, but when it bleeds into the actual game, I mean because I always prefer the more the more grounded entries, so Like it's just like the wackiest AC one God is at the very end of the game and even still you're just fighting like multiple people You're not fighting big monsters or anything, right? And it was surprising too. Yes It was memorable now. It's like, you know, you're got Alexios or Cassandra and you're just oh I found a Cyclops Yeah, well even outside of that though I mean you had like the main tool that you carry around in that game is in itself kind of like Supernatural essentially described as a first said first civilization artifact, right? That's about it They can kind of hand wave anything they can kind of say, okay. Well, this is first Siv So don't ask any questions about it. Yeah, it's definitely become kind of like I'm a guffin I mean, yeah in some ways it always was but I think they're now just sort of there are many devices in Assassin's Creed that sort of make up its internal mythology that At one point we're consistent with each other and made sense and now they've changed so often to accommodate different directions that It's kind of hard to tell You know everything from the first civilization stuff to the actual technology the animus the things that power the Assassin's Creed universe It's a lot more vague and slippery than it used to be right, but what were your impressions of the gameplay? You know do you feel like because I noticed that I do think that the You be forward demo the gameplay looks Better cleaner more polished than it did in the leak the leak looks pretty rough Yeah, so I believe when people say that it was unfinished stuff. Yeah, I mean when I first saw the leak My first third half hour one my main criticism was like wow this looks really rough I mean the combat look terrible. It looks really awkward. Yeah, and so that definitely was better in the official Gameplay I will say though the official gameplay didn't do anything to make me more excited for any of it Yeah, I ended up I kind of this was really underwhelming the disappointed Overall I think I was surprised at how similar it really did look and feel to What we've just had with origins and Odyssey I like I knew it was going to be iterative in that way I knew it was going to be based on the same engine the same technology But the actual experience of the gameplay looks so similar Even with the fresh coat of paint the new looking world the you know the dingy or aesthetic the new user interface Elements of design stuff like that. It still looks very much the same Yeah I mean the way that it was described originally before we had saw very much is that like the combat was crunchy and weighty It doesn't quite look that way and I know people who have played it have have attested to that but it still just looks very like Arcade like and Then you have navigation which essentially is the same and there might be more focus on navigation It doesn't mean that this the system itself is going to be very fun And I think we can go ahead and just dash any expectations. We had of this being like a good parkour game That's out the window for certain. Yeah, which is fine. I mean again like we're talking about Ninth century England. I think we probably in our hearts knew it was not going to be great parkour it does in some of the clips look better to me than Odyssey Parkour, but I mean the system is the same the system is unchanged the animations the actual and I think the fact that they're gonna be parkour puzzles throughout the universe that you know, that's better than nothing I like having those I guess Yeah, but yeah, you know how challenging those puzzles of those puzzles going to be able to be with such a Easy system. Yeah, I don't know. That's what I'm sort of curious about I liked what they talked about in the forward demo of You know, you see a house out and about it's got a chest in it And then there's kind of a puzzle you'll have to figure out to get access to that chest, right? That's a lot more interesting to me than like, you know, throwing a chest behind a handful of guards or just having Oh, yeah, completely out in the open Yeah, I Why I saw when one of the videos like you had to like break a well and climb down the well and find the key for it Yeah, that kind of stuff is interesting and it'll make it more Involving than just running around an opening chest the more I have to think about the game the better Yeah, so it's not so mindless. Exactly. And also Then that paired with the idea that all the all your gear is unique and you're not gonna find like 10 versions of the same weapon It's gonna make me want to go and find those chests more because I might get a sword That's gonna be that's better than the one I have not by just a couple points But it will be more unique and something that I might want to carry with me forever. Yeah My main takeaway from all this information. I'm definitely as you said I'm not as excited as I was before I think that Before we knew what it really looks like to play this game It was really easy to run wild in your head with like absolutely the the kinds of things that we're saying about it You know, they talk about okay. Well, the world is more handcrafted. It's not as copy-paste It's not as arbitrary as these last couple games. That's awesome. It might still be it does It does definitely seem like there's a lot more. There's a lot more density to the map But you can still hear that and think who more handcrafted world. This is just gonna be 10 times better You know what I mean, like yeah, no for sure The finish not finished product But what we've seen so far definitely doesn't that doesn't live up to what my expectations were on my head But I you know I do have to I will say they give it credit does look more dense than the previous games And we are all like We're all victims of hype a lot at the time. Yeah, I mean I take the responsibility for my own expectations in some regard like I Can't fault the game for not living up to the perfect name I might have imagined it's five episodes ago in this podcast But I do think that I from what we've seen I have a reasonable expectation I think that as far as what I look for an Assassin's Creed game This is gonna be better than origins and Odyssey were for me Yeah, and and while I agree with that I I do think it doesn't quite get there for me in terms of Like like I just I'm not really on the hype train anymore. Yeah, and it you know, it's like to say that I guess but Because I you're right So I definitely had a certain expectation in my head at the same time just based off of what we were hearing and It was very easy for that to sound pleasant outside of the current like engine and systems that Odyssey and origins ran on Yeah, but yeah things they talked about that sounded really interesting, right like put in that framework though because Because we know that you know Combat isn't going to necessarily be like back to the basics like it was Which I'm not even sure I want it to be I just want the design of the game to be a lot less combat forward That's another thing I enjoy about the demo though is that we do get finally a look at what the hidden blade Implementation is and having the the timer thing like the little timed hit is This is like far and away much better than the origins Odyssey implementation. Yeah, it's a it's a good compromise between the two It's crazy. They didn't show in the demo what you can really do if you If you go for stealth because you know in the demo you have this fight with Rued the Viking dude And you just he's a he's a classic origins Odyssey hit sponge enemy and you just wail at him for you know Ever and then he dies But we saw in one of the youtuber videos later you can stealth up to him You know get up at a high point like on that sort of rope above the fight area and air assassinate him and clear half his health bar Yeah, no for yeah, so that definitely like incentivizes you to do stuff Incentivizes you to be to do stuff by a lot. Yeah, and that wasn't so much of that before that's fantastic I think that I've always had this it's it's barely a conspiracy theory because it's pretty much truth That the reason these past couple of games would be so combat forward is because combat is really easy to Break down into a game of stats of having all these different statistics that make it so the better gear you have in the higher level you are the More frictionless your combat experience is going to be That makes it really easy to RPGify that system which makes it really easy to monetize the game because someone who wants to have a Powerful badass armor set but doesn't want to grind doesn't want to go looting a bunch of places to find that powerful armor Might be inclined to just buy it stealth is entirely skill based right not that combat isn't skill based But you can offset. I mean it's it's a numbers game really Well, yeah, I mean well I would even say that that is part of why the combat become like or rather the gear and those games become so redundant because yeah constantly just trying to find like these These very minuscule numbers that this can benefit a couple in a couple stats and managing like a loadout build sort of situation To maximize the yeah, I mean yeah, there's not much fun about that Exactly, it's not a style of gameplay that I enjoy because You know in Odyssey the stealth game is pretty much neutered It's just it's not possible because they want to force you into those instances of having to take on a higher level enemy and Make it so that you have to fight them because that will encourage you to Focus on your gear and that one courage you to spend money. That's that's how it works. I think well in that also Kind of hinders you from wanting to explore because it's like well What's the point if I'm just gonna have to like fight a bunch of guys that are gonna kill me one hit? Yeah, and then but in this game apparently you're gonna be able to explore new places because it doesn't restrict you to do so now Is it gonna be a good idea? Maybe not but just having that opportunity. I do appreciate absolutely another thing I noticed And I talked to you about this briefly. I tweeted about this a little bit is I pay a lot of attention in Assassin's Creed games to the UI design and Early on with that leak I noticed that the approach that they're taking to the way that the user interface looks I Feel like to me it says a lot about the game whether it is intending to say a lot or not They've pretty much dropped any pretense That what you're interacting with is like animus software typically in pretty much every past game and including Origin Odyssey the reason your user interface looks modern is because you are You know diagedically in the world of the game you are playing an animus Interface that is showing you these memories Which means that your menu screens your HUD items? They look like you know a modern software interface They have sans serif fonts and clean geometric shapes, right? Yeah, at first I Didn't know what you're talking about and then I got a I got a better look at it And I totally see what you were saying In terms of just kind of how generic it looks now. Yeah, the new the UI for Valhalla It drops that pretense and in that in in that way. It becomes very generic fantasy game looking They use fonts that are supposed to evoke the time period more than they would evoke a VR interface HUD, you know what I mean? Yeah, and Yeah, it starts to look More like a Witcher game purely on a UI level than an Assassin's Creed game And that's really interesting to me I also just a moment ago before we were started recording saw a glimpse of what the memory corridor looks like Have you seen it? I haven't it's sort of an aurora borealis design Which they've used that iconography pretty heavily and that's it's cool. It's beautiful But fascinatingly to me it doesn't look like a computer like you don't have any like Classic animus touches of you know bits of data flying about or a grid on the floor like things that would make it look like You're in a computer Instead it looks like you're in an endless void with an aurora borealis and stars interesting Even like the origins memory corridor had a lot more of like a digital feel to it this yeah, so like it's back But it isn't at the corridor and I mean I think it is back in the sense that I mean I'm glad I can just run around in the loading screen now That's fantastic. And if I can interrogate someone I assassinate that's cool, too Yeah, we like those things those things we associate with the best Assassin's Creed games and they're often missing from the ones that Don't feel as adherent to the Assassin's Creed ethos. They're back. That's good But it is part of that whole UI thing of it It doesn't look like it's even trying to be an Assassin's Creed animus looking sort of experience Yeah, for sure. I I would be interested like maybe I don't know. Is it a different animus? Because it used to follow that sort of a you know of a logic where yeah I mean as it would update it would update with the animus correct. It would yeah, I would so I don't Yeah, I mean like so having you point out to me it does look like Obviously it looks nice, but in comparison to other UIs previously I definitely prefer those because it immerses you more I think into like Oh, hey, yeah, I'm in the animus But now it just kind of looks like you're you're just playing any random RPG And there's something to be said for that like oh, well Well, we don't want people to feel immersed in the animus who want them to feel immersed in the world And that's right. I would I would understand that I'm just curious about it And I don't think I'm obviously there's going to be an animus Obviously you're in an animus when you play this game But maybe this is just one of those steps that they take On the on the line on the path Towards foregoing those modern-day elements in the future. I feel like that's a possibility Right and well also speaking of like the modern-day elements There is an interesting way that they're handling modern-day in this game. I honestly don't know if I like Um, I'm technically very cool with it and yeah, like I have faith Like in in the way Darby would bring it up But I don't know if I love the idea if you don't know what we're talking about is essentially something called animus anomalies So while you are running around in the game You will find moments that essentially bring Layla into your world And you will as Layla Complete parkour puzzles and things of that nature So it's a way of progressing the modern-day story Without you having to leave the animus and the reason I'm fascinated by this is two things one is Any excuse to give us more modern-day story? For the development resources is good. I feel like modern-day falls by the wayside Often because it requires there to be this, you know, environment that's Separate that's different and as the designers of the game. They don't want to interrupt your experience with A modern-day interlude Which I respect but at the same time for me playing those older games I never felt like it was an interruption. I always felt like it was a reward I would play more of a game even like unity So that I could get that next bit of modern-day content because For a lot of these games, that's where the mystery was that's where the intrigue was Figuring out what's going on in the modern day I would say the last time that modern-day has really impressed me and never like for instance To go off of what you're saying. I never felt interrupted by syndicates modern day because it was so good Right. I mean they were short scenes Right and they didn't get on the way too much Like it's not like they were too momentum shattering because they were very short most of the time Yeah, and and also them not being gameplay instances Did not have like it didn't make you have to all of a sudden be like, okay.  I just want to be in the past Because there's a lot of it. It's like there are definitely our people like that for sure And and that wasn't my take but I understood why someone felt that way Now we're getting to a place where like they're trying to every game they shift their approach to try and please everyone and You know interestingly the past couple games. We've gotten more modern day than in years But it's really shitty regardless like Yeah, I mean that and uninteresting and I don't care about leila at all And it doesn't and I think what proves to I guess like at least you and me that modern day doesn't necessarily need to be playable to be good Is syndicate. Yes like there's no playable aspect to it and it's one of my favorite iterations of it, and I don't know if that's a popular opinion, but I'm right there with you That the nine minutes of cutscenes that make up syndicates modern day They moved the story forward so much more than anything in the last like five games combined Yeah, and they even had time for some emotional payoff like that scene where sean is like Lamenting how he treated desmond and that you know, yeah, you know that like actually worked that that mattered It was like one of my favorite Scenes and the whole thing is because it's like wow you're referencing old characters finally You know because it's like that stuff got so halted with uh black flag and unity Yeah And just seeing it because it's not about just seeing the old characters because we saw the old characters and black fight a Little bit, but it's also about like what they do and what they say and I think syndicate nailed it And so if that from and I know I don't want to get too in the weeds about just syndicates modern day But if the modern day was permanently like that, I wouldn't have a problem with that These animus anomaly is what I'm look why I'm looking forward to them is because the knowing that they exist is going to make exploration more engaging for me because Something I do care deeply about as an assassin's creed fan is what's happening in the modern day story And knowing that I can come across bits and pieces of it In the in the overworld of the game in the main game That's like that's awesome and syndicate too when you figured when you found the helix rift If you just found it and no one told you where it was because it wasn't Something that the game led you to you had to find it Your yourself right that was super rewarding to find this Huge piece of content that the game wasn't Actively dragging you to right and I think If they do it kind of this way it'd be really nice and I also think If like the secrets or the mysteries or actually secrets and mysteries that you come across and they're not They're not an icon on your map. Yeah, that means so much more rewarding. That is going to be nice I did have to chuckle a little bit.  I've found 75 percent of the secrets I I do think That in that second the witch battle or whatever because once you once you Vanquish her. Yeah, it gives you a little progress bar and it's like There there goes one mystery in the east anglia era like oh nice congrats You did a mystery glad I could solve that one imagine if there were secrets and mysteries in the game That were not Helpfully delineated as secrets and mysteries Yeah, it's almost like it's almost like if they labeled a side quest fun Here's where the this is the fun park of the game Click here for fun God, I love ubi soft. They're so they are just so they're trying so hard all the time Click here for enjoyment They they just they cannot let you Miss anything We talk about when you look at these like rock star games red dead redemption 2 and keep in mind red dead redemption 2 gta 5 Together i've probably sold more copies than the holy bible I don't know if I talked about this on the podcast already because i'm starting to think that I have The whole idea that like in in a rock star game You can pass something on the side of the road and it'll you'll know that if you talk to this person Or you do this thing it'll it'll give you a story.  Oh, yeah, you're never gonna see these motherfuckers again Yeah, why not just have like a self-sacrifice type deal? I'm just kind of interested why that hasn't happened Yeah Anyway, there are definitely like it's not like there aren't parts of it that I see and i'm like wow That looks like no fun at all. It definitely looks like an enjoyable game Yeah, the the problem for me though is I have to reconcile with one It's nothing like I want Assassin's Creed to be and it's probably never going to be again I'm until we're 30 right, but at the same time I can't even enjoy it I can't say okay I'm just gonna close my eyes and imagine i'm playing the witcher play this because Those games do what this game is trying to do most likely better than those games And obviously like Darby is probably more talented rather than most of most of them But when it comes down to gameplay experience It will always be the mediocre version of those games It's trying to emulate because they're still holding on a certain iconography from the series To get people like you and me interested Yeah, but they don't utilize it enough to get us like very happy about it But they also They only hold on to it Just a tad so that they can still call it Assassin's Creed Just so that they can still market it is that and not have to worry about be like a new another ip I'm I'm ready to love this game. I'm open to loving this game because the truth is My standards are very low I mean they've really whittled me down to the point where like I should not be in a point. I should not be in a position where seeing an assassin Makes me excited, right? Yeah, just a guy in just a guy in rose. Oh my god It's an assassin Because again for the majority of this game series existence You couldn't look at a frame of one of those games without seeing an assassin, right? Why is that exciting to me? Well, it's because I've been beaten down and I just I'll take whatever they'll give me at this point. So for me I'm like, all right, it's it's the same kind of it's the same kind of design philosophy as Origins and Odyssey. I'm not in love with it. I want parkour to be great.  It was your favorite. They have gameplay and stories that are fundamentally broken Did you hear what I said? He said you thought ac3 was my favorite.  I think I think you must have mentioned it before I'm sure I mentioned before and if anyone watches my Story forward videos the one on odyssey.  I mean compared to ac3 syndicate is ac2 Thank you.  I have no idea. How does the game that came out? I know I tweeted this but yeah, how does the game that came out? Seven years ago eight years ago still feel like it has not been play tested once Even in a remastered even the remastered version They did it again years later And it still feels like no one play tested it if if ac unity is a seamless game as the meme goes that it's seamless ac3 is downright Seemful it is so many seams in that game There's a loading screen every time you breathe in Assassin's Creed 3 It's like pause loading the next breath that your character takes Sorry even switching a weapon pauses the game I couldn't get through to the point where you actually are an assassin on this playthrough Yeah, well it comes in like sequence seven Yeah, it's halfway through the game that you become an assassin which is its own problem But hey, you know, this is an episode six shitting on ac3. This is Valhalla gameplay reactions We got important stuff to talk about Like how social stuff is back. Yeah, I guess But the interesting thing about that is is that these detection zones or the restricted areas aren't automatic detections Yes, so like the so the hunting cloak is like hey You could just kind of Seem suspicious, but you're not detected immediately and you can get to a blend spot or what happened Yeah, I dig it. It's interesting though because the the official gameplay shows like 10 seconds of it And then it's back to other things But a lot of the youtubers who have been playing it have shown off shown it off and it is it also is nice That's you can toggle it because in syndicate you could you'd have to crouch to initiate it Yeah, but in this game you can just I guess you could always have your hood and cloak on it as it as it seems Yeah, and that's cool because I like that and it's good Yeah, I just have a stock that we have to Huh, I just have a stroke So that's cool because I like that and it's good Yeah Can you make can you make that your ringtone? No My ringtone is is actually darby mcdevitt whispering sweet nothings into my phone Uh, there you go. Yeah, and it just sucks that we have to congratulate them for putting a hook in the game Oh, we're such simps for assassin's creed, dude They give us any morsel of something we like and we're just like oh, thank you Next we're gonna see a smoke bomb and I'm gonna you're gonna jizz. We're in We're in An assassin's creed desert since 2015. I know we're just looking for an oasis Origins is a literal desert and ever since then we've been in an actual desert And and seeing a hood is like is like darby himself dropped a tiny bit of water on our tongues just a little drop Just a little darby himself pissed in our face Here's a hood and we thanked him for it. Yeah, next i'm gonna see it next i'm gonna see some throwing knives Well, okay, you'll have to lose my mind axes Yeah, I guess it's like how do I feel about the fact that you can just throw as many axes as you want They're not a consumable Have you seen that there's a hunger system in this game? It I I saw on the demo that you had they it said that you had to hunt and stuff to survive There are rations upgrade your equipment and you'll have to go essentially your health won't restore automatically So if you get really low on health you have to eat food, right? Yeah, because that was yeah, that was mentioned in the official And I think because you had to because in the world of video games Everyone has always loved hunger systems and having to hunt and and having to hunt in assassin's creed games People just when when you see that there's hunger and that you have to eat in a video game People love that, right? My favorite part of minecraft is having to eat. Yeah, I mean I look I gotta admit though.  Yeah, it's just It it looks like it is fun Well, someone also has fun in the way I want our buddy to rule the head moderator of the assassin's creed subreddit for which Best friend of the show. I also moderate um, he did an AMA about his three hours of gameplay And he described the hunting or he described the food system As annoying I take his word for that at the moment until I play the game. That's what I think it's gonna be Well, I guess we're just gonna have they're gonna have to switch it to medicine instead I mean that got annoying too.  Yeah, I always thought it was therapeutic To like actually refill your medicine Refill your throwing knives and and and ammo and the whole settlement design philosophy of like you come back to it as your home base That's entirely a pacing choice Of breaking up the action By requiring you to do things that are a little more low key And kind of give you the feeling that you are Preparing for things and that is a very rewarding and exciting Gameplay sensation. I mean since assassin's creed tooth Also, your main base being able to change it and upgrade it and making it look nicer and work better for you Like that's that's like a classic assassin's creed thing So the fact that it's back and also like the thing that the game is focused around Is is definitely promising I think we've been on a journey of discovery With assassin's creed valhalla that has taken us On an emotional roller coaster with very high highs And very low lows, which I would describe as the gameplay leak Yeah, yeah, or or seeing a boss fight with a witch, but at the same time this is not odyssey and this isn't the hype cycle for odyssey either because If we cast our minds back to 2018 We did not give a shit about odyssey And oh, I I did I had I didn't even watch the gameplay actively did not participate in that cycle Until pretty much the game came out. Yeah, I was I was unhappy And the thing is too is they're being pretty coy with the assassin's Sorry hidden ones and Templars whatever they're gonna order the ancients apparently Yeah, they're very coy with a lot stuff and apparently the game is brimming with it I see none of it, but I guess that's on purpose, but I wouldn't be surprised If we get about as much Assassin Templar involvement here, of course by their other names as we saw in something like black flag, right for sure. I I don't know why I just made this conclusion Like the other day. I told you but there is no way That you're not going to be able to either romance a Templar on our assassin this game Yeah, it's gonna happen. It's gonna happen And we're gonna come to a point like we've talked about what we would consider the actual death of the franchise And I think we've pretty much agreed that the moment you can create your own character and choose whether you're an assassin or a Templar Is the moment that assassin's creed ceases to exist. Yeah, for sure. I mean right now it's on life support in my eyes But the death the the official i'm pulling the plug on it is when that happens. Yeah, that's that's when we We make a tough call. We unplug the machine And we we say we say goodbye to mom. We have a funeral That's when it's dead and buried So you be soft if any of you are listening first off stop sexually assaulting people but second don't introduce build a character Or alignment choices with assassins and Templars because that's that's when we all that's when we all leave We all go away. I mean that also might happen in this game Though you might be able to align with either of them could happen Yeah, I feel like if you can align with like either Dane or Saxon that could be that would be fine, but If I'm not if I can choose to help the Templars that seems like a bad time I think Darby knows that though like Darby has said You know if there was going to be a Templar game experience It wouldn't look like an assassin's creed game. It would be Like an rts or something where you're controlling units or something like that He said that it would have to be a fundamentally different game because The design philosophy of assassin's creed is not consistent with What the Templar experience would look like yeah, and I think rogue is a pretty great demonstration of that The idea that you're playing as a Templar and you're just doing assassin shit the whole time Yeah, but hey the fact that we're having this podcast and we're having this conversation about Valhalla I think that is actually A sign that there's more to be excited about with this game than there has for the last couple Because you and I have been friends for years and we've and we're friends because of assassin's creed But it took this game to be announced for us to be like let's start a podcast Yeah, it helped that it was a global pandemic. So neither of us had anything better to do Yeah, we had a lot of free time, but We said we did say in episode one of the hookblade podcast And I might find a clip and put it here, but if I don't I'll just paraphrase myself What if the gameplay demo comes out and we hate it? Which has happened with me And we said we would cancel the show if that happened did we not yeah, so We'd like to thank our listener. We would like to thank all of our listener. Um White wolf whispers it's been real Thank you so much jaysters habs 18 Uh, you have kept the show alive You've been our our biggest fans and our our greatest supporters and for that we thank you Anyone else obviously listen to the podcast if you exist Um, no, you're not thanked.  I can't play it And we're gonna talk about it like it's the ac game that comes out this year We're gonna be like, dude. I'm a big fan of assassin ghost of sishima assassin screen sequel that we deserve The the real assassin's creed game that came out in 2020. Um, so yeah, as always if you enjoyed this podcast Don't like don't comment. Do not under any circumstance interact with us Any circumstances don't follow me don't follow me on twitter at loss and underscore found This is the part where you say you're is tim. Oh, um But I don't want to follow me. It's zero underscore region But specifically not to follow you there, right? Yeah, don't follow me. Um, but that's my handle Uh, also guys, um, we're sorry. I'm I'm so sorry. We're really sorry Will there be an episode seven? of hookblade Maybe We'll see We don't know yet. Will it be next week? Probably not. All right guys. See you next week See you next week Come around and then let's be like cast to abruptly canceled after gameplay All right, I mean, you know, I mean I I'm pretty optimistic about it. I I think that gameplay was gonna is gonna knock it. Sorry, sorry


How does millet come to the help of diabetics? A substantial portion of the starch in millet is resistant starch, meaning resistant to digestion in our small intestine, so providing a bounty for the good bugs in our colon. Here's how the various millets do, all way more than more common grains like rice or wheat, but proso and codo millet lead the pack. What's going on? The protein matrix in millet not only acts as a physical barrier, but actually also partially sequesters your starch-munching enzyme, and the millet polyphenols can also act as starch blockers in and of themselves.  That may take five hours to empty even halfway. Note this was for both a thick millet porridge or for just like millet couscous, so since the non-viscous millet couscous meal was also equally slow in emptying, this suggests there may just be something about millet itself that helps slow stomach emptying, which should blunt the blood sugar spike, but you don't know until you put it to the test. And indeed, millet caused about a 20% lower surge in blood sugar than the same amount of carbs in the form of rice. Remember how excited I was to show you how it only took the body half the insulin to handle sorghum compared to a grain like corn? Well, millet did even better. Give a group of pre-diabetics only about three quarters of a cup of millet a day, and within six weeks their insulin resistance dropped so much their pre-diabetic fasting blood sugars turned into non-pre-diabetic blood sugars. This so-called self-controlled clinical trial, the same subject before and after, that's just a sneaky way of saying an uncontrolled trial. There was no control group that didn't add the millet or added something else, and we know just being in a study under scrutiny can cause people to eat better in other ways, so we don't know what role, if any, the millet itself played. What we need is a randomized controlled crossover trial where the same people eat both a millet-containing and non-milit-containing diet and see which works better. And here we go, a randomized crossover study having hundreds of patients, both doing American Diabetes Association type diet, with or without about one and a third cup of millet every day. And the millet-based diet lowered the hemoglobin A1C levels, meaning an improvement in long-term blood sugar control, along with some side benefits like lowering cholesterol. The target for good blood sugar control recommended by the American Diabetes Association is an A1C less than 7. They started out at an 8.37, but after a few months on millet, dropped to an average of 6.77. Is it just because they lost weight or something? No. Suggesting that was in effect specific to the millet, but they didn't just give millet. They mixed the millet with split black lentils and spices, and we know from dozens of randomized controlled experimental trials in people with and without diabetes that the consumption of pulses, meaning beans, split peas, chickpeas, or lentils, can improve long-term measures of blood sugar control like A1C levels. So, while the researchers conclude that millets have the potential for a protective role in the management of diabetes, a more accurate conclusion might be a mix of millet and lentils, can be protective, though, hey, maybe the spices help too. They didn't say which ones they used, and I couldn't get hold of the authors, but a similar study done by one of the same researchers included about a tablespoon a day of a mixture of fenugreek, coriander, cumin, and black pepper with a fifth spice, perhaps cinnamon or turmeric.


Hello and how are you all today? My name is Priyanka and I should be helping you with the following question. Say evaluate limit x approaches to 0 fx where fx is equal to mod of x divided by x when x is not equal to 0 and 0 when x is equal to 0. Now before proceeding on we should be well aware that limit of a function exists if the left hand limit is equal to the right hand limit. This is the key idea towards this question. Now here in question we will be finding out the left hand limit of the function when x is equal to 0 and the right hand limit of the function when x is equal to 0. Here we have limit x approaches to 0 negative that is from the left hand side. Here the function will be mod of x over x since x is not equal to 0. So we have when x is less than 0 then mod of x is negative. So we have limit x approaches to 0 from the left hand side minus x over x which gives us the value as minus 1. Now here we have limit x approaches to 0 from the right hand side. Here the answer is mod of x over x. Now here when x is greater than 0 then mod of x is a positive value of x right. So therefore we have limit x approaches to 0 from the right hand side x over x that gives us the answer as 1. Now clearly limit x approaches to 0 from the right from the left hand side the function is not equal to the limit x approaches to 0 from the right hand side of the function. So limit does not exist to 0. Right this ends the solution hope you understood the concept well have a nice day ahead.


Hey there njroute22.com again back with a this is the top five deals of the week I'm gonna try it make it. I'm gonna try and make it under three minutes or maybe the first time it's gonna be under five minutes We're using a different camera today. I can't see myself. I'm hoping I'm standing in the right spot This is just all fun and games and experiments for me for us But we're gonna run down our top five Deals of the week at the area markets and stores Nothing unhealthy no chips if you want chips go see a previous video We did about where you can buy chips for the cheapest always never have to worry about sales So take a look at that, but we're gonna pick five items each week and They're not always food, but they're always they're never gonna be unhealthy. No packaged foods. No Junkie sodas, I don't care if you like saving money if it's bad for you It doesn't matter how free it is. We don't like it. So let's start out with number one here Shop right this week has a good deal. We don't really like bottled water. We typically drink tap Our own tap, but they have this ascentia water On sale this week normally I think it's like almost three bucks a bottle I got two for three, which is a really good deal if you like it It's high in pH stuck up on it. They also have the polar seltzer On sale you can always get this cheaper at Ocean State job lot. It's I think it's three $1.50 $1.59 a six pack. So it's like $3 and I think it's $5.99 a cake So it's $3 a 12 pack that's cheaper than than this. So keep that in mind also at shop right this week You have mrs. Myers. It's one of those healthy products. So they say it's good marketing. They smell nice They're all 25% on Their whole line you might want to check online and it's possible that You can get this stuff cheaper always online But if you're out and about and running low and forgot to buy it just pick one of those things up at the shop Also Kings this week. We normally don't shop there It's really expensive if you look carefully to find some things that are really Fairly pricey they have Bell and Evans chicken tenders sometimes and they even had a better deal on paper towels and toilet paper I forget what but this week. They have Nathan's hot dogs now You might say oh well hot dogs are healthy, but I don't care. They're just nitrates Which has all been blown out of proportion hot dogs are great because you eat a couple and you're full for a whole day But they haven't buy one get one free so you gotta buy two packs I'm trying to find these cheddar hot dogs. They're unbelievable And if they don't have them, I'm not gonna buy them. I'll just buy the subreds it at shop, right? Okay next Blueberries we don't eat a lot of fruit because typically it's high in sugar You're not meant to gorge on bowls and bowls and gobs of fruit but blueberries are one of the lowest glycemic index fruits you can get and for a Sweet pick me up there. They're on sale at shop, right? No, I'm sorry. I ga their buck 99 A pint they're imported from the way. I don't know price out the America And also I'll mention stop and shop if you know, we don't shop there. They have a mega pack For 399. I think it's three times the number. It's 18 ounces. I think a dry pint is six cents. Anyway next We're not we're skipping these supermarkets altogether. Next is Ocean State job lot. We love these crazy deals They have this dog gates for 39 bucks and they have like two or three different kinds of dog gates on sale And if you buy one you get a $20 gift card for future purchases for free So they end up being half price for the dog gates Also, this is a two for one time.  They hate grease. Oh, it's greasy. It's fatty.  We'll see how this cell phone camera works out this week with the green screen. Have a good week


after like two minutes and then just check the audio with the audio hi everyone again welcome to this course on the Linux programming and scripting we covered the first two modules the basics of Linux and then the Linux networking last time we covered the second part of the one of the file system that we were studying you studied two file systems the Sun NSS as well as the Android file system the Android file system is what we covered in the last lecture we also went through all the the differences between the Android file system and the Sanayam okay and we noted certain similarity certain different similarity was that we'll use some kind of a virtual file system manager for the Andrews file system basically goes more like a process running which handles all these virtualization whereas for the NSS we have to mount those file systems separately and then the control was more at the client side for the the NFS system whereas in the server side for the Android file system so the Android file system is more versatile more secure and we also saw that the Android file system we don't need to actually there aren't like many Android file set up basically like I mean so the subnet or subnet work kind of systems are not there whereas the NSS is more distributed as clusters so I mean there are like few Andrews file system based services available today and we also saw that actually Andrews based for some of the standardization that happened in the distributed file system area I just want to keep want to want you to keep that in mind so today we are going to switch gears and talk about the programming aspect of the course so we will be starting with a simple language called Perl and this Perl language is used widely in the industry especially in the high-tech companies in fact lot of software companies also use this particular language the Perl language the hardware companies for all kinds of scripting we use Perl language we will learn about why this is used more widely and what makes it more attractive than the traditional programming languages like Fortran or C or C++ again Perl has many variants but the most significant change in Perl is the recent one which is the object-oriented Perl which we will touch upon towards the end of the this material so let us look at what we have the agenda for today so we will start with the introduction today we will be introducing mostly to the data side of things Perl even though we will touch upon couple of commands because without understanding some basic command you cannot understand the data so we will go through some of the stuff and mostly today we will talk about the scalar data which is essentially a single variable or the variable that holds a single value and then we will have also we will talk about array and list data arrays you can input that as a data structure which has some kind of arrayed scalars or the scalars themselves are there are many scale of data which is arrayed together so they have some commonality they can mean how to index things like that and then we will also look at some of the list with data which is again they are also kind of arrays but they are specialized arrays you can input that way so that's the pretty much what we will do and as usual you know we will talk about how to write some basic scripting in Perl today and then as we go through the course we will progressively increase the level of difficulty and hopefully by end of this module you will all be like well trained programmers in Perl and you can write any scripts anytime with any whatever the specific mission that you given to you again I just wanted to say that the basic algorithms in your writing program they are all similar and probably you have already covered those things for in your undergrad and other courses so I won't be talking about the algorithms as to how to do it we have questions we can always talk about talk talk it over but mostly like I mean we will be focusing on the syntax and the semantic in the Perl language itself so let's look at the Perl just an introduction to Perl Perl stands for practical extraction and report language so if it's a big mouthful actually but people always refer to this as Perl and if for people like I mean who like the language it's they also talk call it as a the ecologically eclectic rubbish list and then whereas like I mean some people who still don't like Perl they call it like pointless exercise in redundancy and just think about it basically only some people they think that that's redundant so anyway depends on which group you are if you are well versed in other languages like C C++ and you are always like hands-on with those languages you won't find this that useful probably will still go towards those languages but if you are more like me who's essentially like I mean I do programming for solving some of my problems then you will like Perl better because it gives you a very easy and very quick platform to do your program on the history front the creator of Perl is Larry Wong so and then the versions got updated with perfect new enhancement and version four is pretty much the standard version that people use and then there is also a new version version five which is more of Victorian so if you look at your textbooks essentially like I mean it will tell you whether it is based on the version four or version five and I would recommend you to actually at least look at the version five books because that has the arbitrary constructs already and then the main purpose of Perl why he developed that is for the Unix user so in Unix you get like two kinds of program that we saw already one is this shell scripts which we touched upon it briefly as to how to do like from shell scripting with the various commands so the arc depth all those things basically that we can use it in shell scripts the shell scripts are cumbersome to write and they are not really portable so that is one reason they are looking for a formal language the formal languages like C and other languages are complicated they are strongly typed languages it is not really useful for people in other areas like say for example VLSI design to do some program so in VLSI design as you know we want to augment your work with programming other than the programming itself becomes part of the main work so in that kind of scenario you need lightweight language which has some formalism not like a script but at the same time you do not want like too much formalism like any other language so that is the reason why people want opted for Perl so here is a simple script essentially like I just wanted to highlight few things here so we know these things basically one is hash bang as bang is essentially to tell the your shell that whatever is following that in the file is a script then we have this user been perl which specifies the path to the Perl executable which now like uses this as a main interpreter and then then it starts basically in Perl these are all like constructs in Perl so this itself is a command and then followed by arguments and here notice that the code here the thing is under the inside the code and then there is the backslash n and then at the end there is a semicolon so I just wanted to to just observe these things at this point you will come back to it in a while as to why they are what is the significance of each of them again in this state this one again this is another print statement say what is your name the code and the semicolon and then we have another special stuff which is this dollar sign and then name and then again here also there is another special stuff less than and greater than and then there is something in between which is sjdin and in here there is another command chop command for this one there is no the semicolon but instead there is a there are parenthesis and then plus there is the dollar name the same thing that appears okay and then finally another print statement with some more arguments so if you look at this particular statement this may be like it may be familiar with this construct which is very similar to like a field construct where you are calling a subroutine with a subroutine name and an argument and if you just leave this as blank then you know that there is no argument to that so anyway we will come to this in a minute but so this is a simple program what it does is this we will see in the next slide what exactly do so here we can execute this program in the unique system again you know some other things basically but again here you know that actually the percentage is the shell that stands for the shell and then you basically type in the hello.pl which is your Perthaman and before you give this you need to make sure that this is the execute permissions are set that is the change mode seven seven seven more same mode at least some one at least you can have one there or plus x with this file name so that you can execute it directly and here the way it works is essentially it prints out this hello world this is the first statement that we saw and then it goes to the next line and then ask for what is your name and then it waits for the user to input this portion so the user types in this name immediately it is a welcome the user so we saw that actually like this particular input is captured under dollar name and then the dollar name is what these are the things that we saw in the earlier program right and so let us see more about Perth itself so if you are running it on the pc actually then you have this keyword Perth and then you can actually run the Perth with the command here it is called ex01 but it could be also like hello about Perth in the same thing it also does the same stuff this you can run it within a terminal in cycle windows and then there are a lot of versions available to install Perl versions available that you can install and then run it so now let us talk about some simple rules that in Perl that we will begin with so number one is Perl is more like an interpreter so in a compile language like C or C plus plug you have to first compile the program into an executable and then the executable is can be run and then executable is cannot be read by humans read by humans and it is more like it is machine for and there the compiler does a lot of optimization to come up with the best possible which also has minimize the runtime and things like that so the compiler course is a separate course and essentially I urge you to take it when you get a chance because that will teach a lot of techniques that the modern compilers use to eliminate redundancy and eliminate loops and things like that but for Perl actually you can think of this as an interpreter it interprets line by line and then basically executes this line directly it does not need to generate anything in intermediate format and this is a great help because this is the one of the reasons why engineers like this especially electrical engineers like Perl because it is more like what you see is what you get basically you can just forward the program and just run it that is it basically you do not need to meddle with it you do not need to compile it you do not need to optimize it whatever you write immediately execute so that is one good thing and then Perl is also a pre-format language so essentially the format is not dictated by where the white spaces or how the white spaces form so so you can actually use white spaces freely if it is one white space or many white spaces it does not care the as you have seen like the earlier example the commands are terminated by semi-colonial that is the reason why the put semi-colonial command and essentially like the indentation of programs we do it only for human readability purposes it does nothing to do with whether Perl needs some indentation or something you will see that there is some difference when we talk about language like Python which is not a pre-format and then basically there the white space means certain things even in tickle actually the white space means something so we will see like that put white space where not to put white space in both those languages the coming sections coming weeks but right now I wanted to think about Perl as a pre-format language and you can use white space for totally free and then another thing is Perl just starts executing from the top just one by line by line it just goes on going on there is no concept of a main so whereas like coming in language like C actually always only the main routine will get executed wherever it is if it is in the last section it just executes the name from the classic and then essentially inside main you can put a lot of functions subroutines and then basically do that that subroutine and actually running it as subroutine is still supported in fact some of these the Perl libraries themselves comprises of lot of subroutines for various for example this the chop command that we saw it is a classic subroutine type of a command essentially which may be like then split it into multiple different other commands and then that may call some of the commands which essentially serves as the chop function we will look at what that function does starting so just wanted to let you know this one and then let's see some more to incorporate comments actually the comments start with a hash time and then they continue until the end of the line so every line which starts or at some point there is a hash is treated as a common line only exception to this rule is the first line which we saw that actually it started with the hash bank the hash bank itself is together with one command which tells the the program that hey this is the it identifies this particular file as a Perl program so that is the only reason why we use that and that needs to be the first one so that is only restriction there so anything after that hash until the end of the line will be you know so you can actually put a hash at the end of a particular command once you close the command with a semicolon you can put a hash and write what the command does and it is perfectly legal in Perl only thing is like you need to make sure that the command is closed there are some commands actually like I will take it back in any cases you can start with a hash and just continue the only restriction is when you are mixing many languages together like the typical with Perl and things like that there you need to follow some additional rules but in the pure Perl language anytime you start inside the line with the hash whatever is the remaining until the end of the line so in C actually we have these multi line commands I think like you must be familiar with that basically like in C we can do this form like put a slash and then star and then blah blah blah blah blah and then put another star and then a slash the center thing is a command in Perl actually it is not like that basically like we need to do the hash and then whatever is that line is one command and then another hash so they cannot be just combined so just wanted to be aware of that and then the other rule in Perl language is that the names are all case sensitive so the upper case name and lower case name this is so again that if you are writing a program make sure that you stick with one case and essentially like you have to that is the only way that you do and the per program itself consists of several statements we already saw like at least three types of statements the one was the print statement the print actually had an argument with it folks we will see why that and then we also saw the chop command which is basically the argument was within a within parenthesis then the third type is that we saw was an assignment where we say like the dollar name equals to less than stdin greater than that is another type of statement so we will have like several of them basically we will use more number of statements as we go through this lecture and then every statement is terminated by some column so that is the reason why also like I mean this is the language itself is format free because the you can terminate the end of the statement is only determined by different form so the only exception to this rule is when you have comments so just keep that in mind or when you have the command which is like starting with the hash you do not need to terminate it with the semicolon because it is technically not a statement so some more rules so the general format of any statement will be an operator I followed by a number of arguments and usually the arguments are included within the parenthesis so but some sometime we can actually or even most of the time we can eliminate that so you do not have to actually specify the pattern and the anything that is within double quotes is a string and it is stored similar to see basically it is stored as a string string is also an array of characters you can say and then Perl itself does not impose any built-in limit on the size of the string but sometimes you are the regular operating system can impose some limits so you have to when that limit is reached actually as the program so the thing is basically you can read the entire book like all the characters inside the book as a single string so you can think of your Perl book which probably has like more than 500 pages and from the beginning of the page to the end of the page the entire string you can just when you entire character set you can think of that as just a single string inside but provided the operating system allows so Perl itself does not put any restriction but the operating system and there is also a single quoted string you will see the distinction between the single quoted string and strings with double quotes in a later stage I do not want to tell you the all the things at this point and then the biggest advantage with Perl is there is no need to declare anything and this is one of the reasons for big reasons why people love Perl in other languages so if you do not declare and start using a variable the program will start complaining basically saying that hey you haven't located that variable you cannot use it used by a company else so it can actually do some whether the particular variable is live and things like that some kind of analysis program here in Perl you can just use it as you go and then basically the tool will figure out how to find this variable so one portion I will say is I still recommend you to declare the variables at least set it up what variables that you are using in within a program at the beginning of the program the reason is just to improve the user readability because you may use some certain algorithms certain things and the person who is actually reading it may not understand what kind of variables you use there so it will be a good good idea a good practice to actually declare it upfront and then use them basically so again it does not impose there so maybe like things like loops and stuff like that you may not need to declare those variables like or I equal to 1 to 10 or something I you don't need to define that but in any case any other situation like you are doing an algorithm and you have a way to solve the problem that those variables if you specify it up then that really helps the next person who tries to understand how you wrote the program and then the other thing that we saw about this dollar sign in the first program so any scalar variable is started with that dollars so if you write a dollar name dollar x y v any other kind of dollar something well knows that that is a variable so and it is also it is a scalar variable means like that variable can hold only one and then the backslash characters they are they are similar to free program so for example the backslash in the new line character the backslash T is the tab so you can actually create it like a lot of these backslash characters even special characters if you want to make them make sure that they can print you need to make sure that that that is a escape with the backslash so we just probably escape character but it is the backslash then there is a concept of file handlers and there are some standard file which actually comes by default with call installation the standard file handlers are a city I am a city out a city ERR and ARG the STD in stands for standard in which means that the file that is basically there whatever you are typing in the keyboard gets logged essentially it is not logged actually that the file that operating system uses that files address is the standard in and then the operating system wherever it puts out the particular file or as an output that is the standard out and then there is also like an alternate method that operating system uses to produce some output the reports basically that is the STD ERR or the standard error that can also go in there and ARG is a generalized file handler for getting some data so you can actually put like the and this is basically we will see like and are the values that you can input and it figures out the how to get values so here anytime we assign the standard in to a variable it grabs the line of input so the entire line is taken from the input and then assigned to this STD so if you think about it basically including the new line the next line going to the next line everything is captured and dumped it into this STD IN so we made a scalar variable called the name and then we made that equal to this standard in so whatever it standard in is reading that is what goes into the scale again you may be confused because bring itself as I told you it is just an array of characters so how can you assign a string which is more like an array to the variable or essentially just a scalar data which is only one wrong the way we do it is essentially we always treat them as a string and we do not let them wander off rather go out and basically or separate them into like characters then themselves and then basically that is not what we are doing we always treat that as a single singular entity so that is why you can still use a scalar variable represent more because the scalar variable is now pointing to a single entity and finally the the last command chop here we just specify like chop in parenthesis s so s is the argument for chop command and here the s because like the chop command is used chop command removes the last character from the string from the string yes so so this is a useful command there are there is one more way to actually remove this the last character we will learn about that the future lecture so this is the example that we saw so now like I mean it is much more clear there is the the commands so if you look at it there are three types one two three because the three types of statements the first statement is a print statement basically which is just an output statement that output something the second statement is more like an input statement basically it gets it waits for std in to be input and then basically assigns it to the name and then third one is more like an operational statement which is within the program itself which is form it chops the last character from power which is typically the new line and then finally the print hello is the output one which as it as it goes basically prints the dollar name which is this the variable that holds whatever you factor so play with it I think this is a good little exercise that will help you hone in some of the skills so before we go into the variables themselves the scalar variables and the anti variables in more detail let us look at one statement and then we can move on the statement what we have is if else is else statement so notice that there is there are no and then yeah so the way it works is again here we start with the statement higher or a and then in the parenthesis we specify the argument for this you know which could be like either equality inequality or some logic function we will see like what kind of logic function that we can use here but again the way it works is the condition if it evaluates to a one one in Perl is what is called true and then zero is false if it evaluates to one then you can put whatever is between these two brackets so this this code will get executed if this one is not evaluates to a zero then it goes into this loop in this loop actually like there is a parenthesis that is missing here so you think of this as more conditions here so using the parenthesis it evaluates and finds out whether again if it evaluates to zero or a one if this happens to be a zero again then it switches and goes to this L if you look at here basically there is no else so this is the catch all condition there any anything that fails to execute in these buckets will get executed at least here so this is like a small example of an if statement we will go into more details and more complex examples so let us look at the operators that I mentioned basically the operations can be performed in two ways one is a numerical operator which is performed on numbers just like one greater than two or one less than two things like that where both sides evaluate number then we can actually compare them with these operators so the numerical operators are w equal to less than greater than less than or equal to greater than or equal to not so look at that actually for the the equal to testing is using two equal to if you do only one equal to basically it is an assignment statement it is no longer logical testing say similarly at the string level actually can do an EQ less than greater than less than or equal to greater than or equal to not equal to so this is again another way to express that information so here it is a little bit more complex complicated example with the things that we learn which is if else is else so here also it starts with the same things basically the user local bin poll we want to go into that details that detail for this but here this portion is pretty much the same as the previous example which is like if you print your name then it waits for the standard in and now if the name so let us look at the remaining stuff as to what is going on so if the dollar name equal to a particular person with here it is Stephen then it will print welcome Stephen if the name is equal to Jessica then it will print how are you Jessica and then if it's up and there is none of the above then it will print hey what are you doing here maybe like I mean this is not your computer and you have more doing anything with it so that is a that is another way that you can use so now we will go into the arrays so array variables as I mentioned you basically mentioned to you it is basically it is a collection of scalar variables and array variables typically begin with an ampersand as opposed to a dollar for the for the scalar variables so again we know that actually the Perl is case sensitive now we are adding one more essentially like I mean the same command they exist basically like they are actually two different amounts two different variables for example here the dollar name here the dollar name and at dollar name they are two different variables they have different meanings and they can be completely different variables so a small example here which is at name equals to Adam Bob and Chal then chemical so here you can see that basically this is the the name or the array name and then this is the array declaration that is it is Adam Bob and Chal let us look at how to retrieve this array okay before so we will figure out like how to do how to retrieve this when you do the actual program so but let us look at associative array because this is another key area that that will be used and a lot of times basically so associative array is kind of an array which does not have integers or numbers as index essentially it can have actually different in the indices whether it can be just a number or a numerical value or any string anything can be used as a key or actually as a key or the index of that array so again one thing is for this type of array you have a key instead of the actual index you do not call it as an index you just call it as e and then basically it need not be numerical so those are the two things that I want you to remember now let us see like what happens so it uses a prefix percentage for the associative array instead of this add symbol and then so the simple array could be this percentage student equal to name David height 6.1 degree PhD so the way to read it is basically the first one is the index the second one is the value or we will even call the index what the key and then the second one is the value so in this case essentially again the percentage student or the student array consists of three fields first field is the game second field is the height and third field is the degree and then it just think assigns these values to that particular location so if you say like student name then that will that will that will give you the output as David for example before I mean it is not even go there so we can also like refer to as just this out you can say percentage student then specify it as and this will be given as this day its height again same thing height and then it will come up with this point you say degree then it will print PhD second this is a very useful concept essentially as I told you like I mean this is used by many many programs and many tools essentially for getting some clarity also like doing some difficult algorithm for example you can write a code for finding the timing violations the top 10 timing violations in a survey and you have a full every report possible and then you can write a small first step to be through it and then find the 10 first unique path violation from the file if it is a basically you need to understand the pearl and basically like what is the syntax in which it is publishing the various timing paths and then we need to go and do some more massaging of that in order to get that information out and we will actually like looking we will be looking into this associative array in a big way because this is one of the key concepts that you should have so in C and other other programming languages there is a concept of hash as a race but this is very similar to that concept you can think of it even though the ashes are dynamic hashes you can say like from various from the data structure to data essentially so I think like I mean I am going to leave you with this for today because what we will be starting in the next class will be mostly like how to do the programming itself using these data structures so just to recap we went through this variables so today as I mentioned basically we will be talking about the scalar variable so we first talked about the regular scalar variables like the $ name so any scalar variables begins with the $ and then followed by some characters and this character is case sensitive there are a couple of ways of writing this the variable name one is the basically like every word is separated within underscore so and then make those words meaningful of what is in the program or you can also try to use camel case which is basically capitalized the the second word onwards essentially first word alone stays at lower case but then for the second word the first letter will be uppercase and then followed by low so so you can use that to as a variable name I will let you choose because some people like to actually do the underscourcing which is which was very prevalent in 80s and 90s also in 2000s but then with the advent of the other programming languages and people when they became familiar with that like Python and things like Python and tickle especially they started writing it in camel case so I will let you choose whichever form of that you want to use but just be aware that once you choose a format pretty much it will stick with you for your life so I don't know if it just happens so it is very hard to change in the future time so I choose whichever one that you want but be consistent that is that is my message so that is on the scalar side then on the array variables because actually the array variables are starts with an at symbol instead of dollar and the dollar name and at name are completely like two different variables and in the dollar at name the way that we specify is we write out the all the values that that particular array can take into that in a straight line in this example we are using like a we are using names or strings as an example but this could be just numerical values that is also possible and here like string you can see that actually with the ports also the double quotes and then finally we saw the associative array associative array is a type of a data structure which gives like more makes it more versatile for well in fact one of the concepts is essentially once you know associative array and the regular expression which is another thing that we will talk about you are pretty much covered for well then you can actually write some really really complex programs by just understanding these two sets essentially which is the associative array and and the regular expressions. Let us see so for the one thing about this associative array as I mentioned essentially it has the key value pair essentially like that is what we call it all this this particular unit this unit is together and they are called the key and then value so if you do not a key then it basically less than the value so and then the the key can be like anything basically this numeric keys can be just some strings however you want to build it you can build it essentially there is no one way to do it so I think let us conclude at this point here we can pick it up in the next class from this point onwards okay thanks


After this view from Moscow, let's move to Washington to the honorable Stuart Eisenstadt, who I discovered had represented the United States already at Kyoto in 1997. He has a stellar career in working for the U.S. government. He had been Under Secretary of State on two occasions, Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, and of course he's well known for having resolved many of the pending issues that all could survivors had to deal with to recover some of the assets that were confiscated by the Nazis. Mr. Eisenstadt, floor is yours. Thank you very much, Mr. Ambassador, and I'm sorry that I can't be with you personally. First, I want to first outline the policy goals of the Biden administration in general. First is to move from the Trump administration and America. First, bilateralism and neo-isolationism to an America fully engaged as a leader to solve global problems and promote global order and rule of law. Second is to reinvigorate alliances with Europe, with NATO and the European Union, which I have been Ambassador in the Clinton administration, and with the Asian Pacific countries to take on 21st century challenges. First is to deal with many terrorism, al-Qaeda and ISIS. Second, global health issues, particularly the COVID pandemic, where the administration has donated more vaccines to COVAX for Africa and developing countries than any other country. Third is a real emphasis which was totally rejected by the previous administration on client chain. Former Secretary of State Perry has been designated as the leader and reporting toward Glasgow. But we realize that this also requires global cooperation. The U.S. emits only 15% of the world's emissions, and we need to enlist other countries if we're going to meet the Paris goalings. As we speak now, the administration is seeking legislation and a sharply divided Congress for the Biden administration's global back better program, which has a substantial climate change component. And I believe with all the divisions that we've read that by the end of this month a substantial part of that package will pass. A third priority of the foreign policy is to enlist allies to deal with the challenge of China, which is considered by the administration the greatest geopolitical challenge. Secretary Blinken has put it very clearly this way. We will compete economically, technologically, and militarily with China. We will collaborate wherever possible with China, for example, on climate change. And if need be, confront China when it moves in inappropriate ways in areas like the South China Sea. A fourth concept and goal of the Biden foreign policy is to relate it to domestic policy. The belief that a stronger America at home will mean a stronger America abroad. Now let me be frank in talking about the problems with these goals, and then I'll be directly to the Middle East. The first problem in achieving these goals is quite frankly the United States, which is still the strongest power militarily and economically, does not have the unchallenged supremacy it did 10 to 15 years ago. Dealing with the rise of China with a more assertive and aggressive Russia and with the rise of regional powers from North Korea to Iran and beyond. Second, it's very difficult to achieve many of these goals without the projection of military force. And here are the absence of boots on the ground, the loss of Bagram Air Force Base in Afghanistan. The chaotic withdrawal from Afghanistan without prior notification to our allies who actually had more troops in Afghanistan than did the U.S. Combined with the submarine deal with Australia, have led problems in seeking to build and rebuild those alliances. At the same time, the administration has continued Trump, Euroteros from European steel and aluminum and on China. Let me move now to the Middle East. I have to be candid and I'm not, of course, speaking for the administration, but someone who I think is quite knowledgeable about the administration and those many of its key players and work with them in previous administrations. The administration sees the Middle East as a lower priority on its foreign policy agenda than dealing with China and Russia and the Asia Pacific. The Middle Eastern wars have brain and diverted trillions of dollars from domestic needs. And in an era of high domestic polarization politically, there is bipartisan movement to focus more on China and less on what are called endless wars. To move from a policy based on military force to what President Biden called the UN address with diplomacy. Now, let me quote my good friend, Secretary of State Tony Blinker. And he said, just as a matter of time allocation and budget priorities, I think we'll be giving less to the Middle East, not more. The National Security Advisor Greg Sullivan said that one of the mistakes of U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East over the last several decades under both Republican and Democratic administrations was putting greater priority to military than diplomatic components. There recently released interim national security strategy guidelines. It is notable how little attention has been given in that document to the Middle East. There is a statement about maintaining ironclad commitment to Israel and security and promoting a two-state solution. But there is a realization that trying to relaunch the kind of aggressive peace process that then Secretary Kerry did in 2014. And the Obama administration is not going to be fruitful. Neither side is prepared to make the kinds of compromises that would make such a peace agreement possible. Therefore, the administration will put greater emphasis than the previous administration on improving the labs of Palestinians and opposing the expansion of Israeli settlement, which would complicate an eventual two-state solution. The second piece of this new national security strategy is to work with regional partners in the Middle East to deter Iranian aggression. The third component of the Middle East piece of this strategy is to disrupt al-Qaida and related terrorist networks and to prevent a resurgence of ISIS. And next is to resolve armed conflicts. But with a clear statement, and I'm virtually quoting from this document, that we do not believe that military forces the answer to the recent challenges and we will not give our partners in the Middle East, and that means in part Saudi Arabia, what they call in their document a blank check to pursue policies that odds with American interests and values. And they say in this document, that is why we have withdrawn U.S. support for offensive military operations in Yemen and back U.N. efforts to end the war. They state that our aim will be to de-escalate regional tensions and create space for people throughout the Middle East to realize their aspirations. They further state that in the Middle East we will right sides, and frankly that's a diplomatic term for reduced, our military presence to the level required to disrupt international terrorist network, to deter Iranian aggression and protect other vital U.S. interests. Now I believe that those who have better served if we had continued to keep 3,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan, but that obviously was not the decision that the President made. Now beyond that, there will be support for the Trump-era Abraham Accords and an effort to expand them. There will in my opinion be continued support for the condition of Morocco entering into normalized relations with Israel namely Iraq and sovereignty over the western Sahara, and I've been to Morocco many, many times and have the privilege of serving on an advisory board of OCP, one of their largest companies. I think also the administration will continue to keep Sudan off terrorist lists, so-called SST lists, which was their condition for normalization. Now let me close with talking about Iran. The administration recently used military force against Iranian-backed coalitions that were targeting U.S. coalition forces or ambassadors of your country and Iraq. There is a strong desire to get Iran back into the JCPOA and there is a feeling that a decision by President Trump withdraw from it with all its imperfections has opened the door for Iran to break through the limits of the 2015 agreement and to get perilous quote to a ability to produce weapons-grade nuclear fuel. If I can be more specific, under the 2015 JCPOA, Iran was limited to Iranian enrichment to less than 4%. And may I say to my Russian colleague, Russian played a very constructive role in the JCPOA, not just in the negotiations, but it was the location in which Iran sent its enriched uranium. Now, since the Trump administration was true, Iran is building large stockpiles of enriched uranium to 20% and even to 60% with faster spinning centrifuges, which are very close to weapons-grade and experts believe it is only a short few months to be able to reach that weapons-grade level and it gone from having 300 to over 3,000 kilograms of enriched uranium. Now, let me give a forecast, which may or may not turn out to be correct, but it is the best assumption I can make and for many years I have chaired the Atlantic Council's Iran Task Force, the think tank on Iran. I've met with former and foreign ministers of reef on several occasions and I think it is a tragedy that during a more moderate regime with President Rouhani and Foreign Ministers of Reef, we couldn't have built on the JCPOA. Instead, we now have a very hotline new government on Abraham Raisi and the foreign ministers' comments at the UN within the last few days were very, very tough, where Secretary of State Lincoln has called for a longer and stronger accord to replace the 2015 JCPOA, which runs in 2030. The Iranian foreign minister directly rejected what he called the so-called longer and stronger deal and he said that we expect to get greater sanctions released than we got under the JCPOA. Now, given this confrontation, I still believe that both the U.S. and Iran see it in their national interest to get back into an accord and my friend Rob Malley is negotiating that for the U.S. And I believe that the best we will be able to see will be an interim accord which will get Iran back into a slightly stronger JCPOA with perhaps slightly more sanctions relief, but nothing more. Now, I know that many of our colleagues in the region rightly, rightly, want Iran constrained not just in this dimension, but in terms of their building whispers, in terms of their support for terrorist groups and for their violations of rights and interventions in countries like Lebanon and in Syria. But that unfortunately will not happen or wait than the nuclear agreement can bear. But I do want to mention to my colleagues from the Arab states that even if there is a re-entrance of the U.S. and Iran into the JCPOA or to a slightly expanded JCPOA, the U.S. continues to maintain sanctions, separate sanctions on Iran for its nuclear missile program and for its support for terrorism and is shown by the recent military attack that I mentioned on Iranian-backed militia operating in Iraq. It will not hesitate to take such actions. Thank you very much for allowing me to participate in this panel and in my dear friend Thierry Manpreel's World Policy Conference. I'm more than happy to take any questions. Well, thank you for staying up so late. It's around, I think, 2 o'clock or 3 o'clock in the morning. There's not so much staying up late as getting up early. No, thank you.


From a sociological perspective, social norms are informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society. Social psychology recognizes smaller group units, such as a team or an office, may also endorse norms separately or in addition to cultural or societal expectations. In other words, norms are regarded as collective representations of acceptable group conduct as well as individual perceptions of particular group conduct. They can be viewed as cultural products including values, customs, and traditions which represent individuals basic knowledge of what others do and think that they should do. Furthermore, in the field of social psychology, the roles of norms are emphasized which can guide behavior in a certain situation or environment as mental representations of appropriate behavior. For example, it has been shown that normative messages can promote pro-social behavior, including decreasing alcohol use and increasing voter turnout. According to the psychological definition of social norms' behavioral component, norms have to dimensions, how much a behavior is exhibited, and how much the group approves of that behavior. Both of these dimensions can be used in normative messages to alter norms and subsequently alter behaviors. For example, a message can't target the former dimension by describing high levels of voter turnout in order to encourage more turnout. At the same time, norms also can be changed contingent on the observed behavior of others how much behavior is exhibited. Although not considered to be formal laws within society, norms still work to promote a great deal of social control. They are statements that regulate conduct. The cultural phenomenon that is the norm is the prescriber of acceptable behavior in specific instances. Ranging in variations depending on culture, race, religion, and geographical location, it is the foundation of the terms some know acceptable as not to injure others, the golden rule, and to keep promises that have been pledged. Without them, there would be a world without consensus, common ground, or restrictions. Even though the law and the state's legislation is not intended to control social norms, society and the law are inherently linked and one dictates the other. This is why it has been said that the language used in some legislation is controlling and dictating for what should or should not be accepted.  The language surrounding these laws conveys the message that such acts are supposedly immoral and should be condemned, even though there is no actual victim in these consenting relationships.


An effective adsorbent was synthesized from nanographene oxide for the removal of the alprazolam drug from the water sample solution. A dispersive solid phase extraction method was used with pyridilamine grafted nanographene oxide to extract and analyze small amounts of alprazolam in biological materials. Before beginning the experimental analysis process, it is important to use a simple and accessible sample preparation approach. In this study, a technique for pre-concentrating and measuring trace quantities of alprazolam in aquia samples was introduced. Analytical parameters such as the concentration factor, the limit of detection of the technique and relative standard deviation, percent, were achieved at 20g, l, 8.0g, l and 2.4%, respectively. This article was authored by Morteza-Parsaii-Arvind, Alimogemi, and Milod apniki.