Hey guys, Shaber 1000 here If we have any Elvis Presley fans out there You'll probably know what today is But for those of you that don't know Today is The anniversary of Elvis's death. He passed away in 1977 on this date August 16th. He's been gone 42 years and He was 42 years old when he passed away so I Decided to make this video In honor of him now, I won't be able to play any of his music as we all know in the video, but I will Put some pictures up and I will have a narrative just a little bit about about his life and But not all of it there by no means I could do I couldn't do all of it But I will put a link in the description below of the article that I've got this from and It's very interesting and that way you can read the article in more depth So it's kind of you know skips over but it touches on some things You know about his life and his death so You know, I appreciate you guys watching and hopefully hopefully we've got some Elvis fans out there and So just wanted to do this kind of memories of him, you know I mean, I've always been a novice fan my youngest daughter's a novice fan oldest daughters and Elvis fans, so Of course me so You know, I just want to say again. Thanks for watching in please enjoy the photos I will have some background music playing but again, I'm sorry, but I can't I can't use his music But there'll be some interesting pictures and also some very interesting narrative so sit back and Enjoy the narrative and enjoy the photos Thanks for watching Elvis Aaron Presley was born to Vernon and Gladys Presley in a two-room house in Tupelo, Mississippi on January 8th 1935 his twin brother Jesse Garron was still born leaving Elvis to grow up as an only child Elvis and his parents moved to Memphis, Tennessee in 1948 and Elvis graduated from Humes High School there in 1953 Elvis musical influences were the pop and country music of the time the gospel music He heard in church and at the all-night gospel sings he frequently attended and the black car and B He absorbed on historic Beale Street as a Memphis teenager in 1954 Elvis began his singing career with the legendary son records label and Memphis in late 1955 his recording contract was sold to RCA Victor by 1956 he was an international sensation With the sound and style that uniquely combined Elvis diverse musical Influences and blurred and challenged the social and racial barriers of the time He ushered in a whole new era of American music and popular culture Elvis Presley's dynamic life story from his humble beginnings through his rise to stardom is a fascinating journey Which has earned Elvis's still undefeated title of the king of rock and roll his songs are unforgettable They have stood a test of time especially his singles of the 1950s a decade in which he had a song at number one For a full six months of that year and even more incredible statistic as Elvis only started at RCA in January of 1956 there is only two years until he is dropped into the US army He made four movies during this time a testament to his incredible breakthrough is the fact that he managed to sell twice as Many records in the entire decade of the 1950s with only these two years of recording than any other performer There were also some years 1954 to 1955 But these were not huge full record sales like when he became a national sensation in 1950s if they were also unpredictable Who could know what the next one would be like? Elvis liberally altered his style to suit each song They were the early country boy RCA be sung in a breathless high pitch of which my baby left me Milka blues boogie and money honey are examples His more mature aggressive rock and roll stance came out with songs such as blue suede shoes One night and a big hunk love his approach to ballads ranged from the ethereal vocal effects on the guitar Taping version of blue moon to smooth crooning on as long as I have you can't help falling in love in many others Though numbers and movie songs on Elvis 11th birthday his parents bought him a guitar With the help of his uncle johnny smith and pastor frank smith of the assembly of god church Which the press leaves were now attending. He learned some basic chords However, why love is did play rhythm in the 1950s? He never progressed further as a guitar player content to let the guitar become more of a prop as time went on When you have a voice as good as Elvis press leaves, you are not motivated to learn more Instead he concentrated on improving his voice to get it where he wanted to be able to sing the bigger songs Like are you lonesome tonight? It's now or never both from 1960 and songs such as my way in the 1970s just to name but a few Soon after Elvis graduated in june of 1953 He began to explore the possibilities of singing professionally In july he went to 706 union avenue a facility owned and run by sam phillips Where you could walk an end for the amount of three dollars and 98 cents Recorded two-sided record of your own performance Elvis chose my happiness and that's when your heart takes begin Amazingly both tracks and his follow-up recording in july 1954 of i'll never stand in your way It wouldn't be the same without you survive and are available on cd to this day Biographer peter girl nick argues that he chose son in the hope of being discovered Asked by receptionist maryon xker what kind of singer he was Elvis responded I sing all kinds When she pressed him on whom he sounded like he repeatedly answered I don't sound like nobody After he recorded son boss sam phillips asked xker to note down the young man's name Which she did along with her own commentary good ballad singer told Elvis cut a second acetate in january 1954 I'll never stand in your way and it wouldn't be the same without you but again nothing came of it Not long after he failed an audition for a local vocal quartet the sung fellows He explained to his father they told me I couldn't sing Song fellow jim hamill later claimed that he was turned down because he did not demonstrate a near for harmony at the time In april Elvis began working for the crown electric company as a truck driver His friend ronnie smith after playing a few local gigs with him suggested he contact eddie bond leader of smith's professional band Which had an opening for a vocalist bond allegedly rejected him after a tryout Advising Elvis to stick to truck driving because you're never going to make it as a singer Then sam phillips received a song from nashville music publisher sam worthum The same person who had delivered just walking in the rain son's first big hit record the prison errors son 186 phillips heard something in this new song But he couldn't find the singer on the demo So he finally decided that it just might fit the young man that maryon had kept reminding him about The song was called without you a heartfelt but unexceptional ballad the date june 26 1954 maryon phoned Elvis asking if he could come down to the studio Elvis later said he ran all the way But Elvis just couldn't get it right This could have been the final rejection the ultimate disappointment If not for sam's belief in raw talent and how to uncover it He invited Elvis to sing everything he knew Although just chomp worn ballads were presented to him phillips did not make a final decision on the boy Sam talked about it with scottie moore guitarist and the group the starlight wranglers Sam told scottie to check Elvis out and gave him Elvis phone number On july 4 1956 Elvis went over to scottie moore's house to sing with scottie and bill black to see what Elvis could do Bobby moore scottie's wife says he had a good voice and they sang a lot of songs like i love you because Eventually to become the second song professionally recorded and released on Elvis first rca lp Elvis Presley When Elvis left scottie and bill discussed the proceedings bill turned to scottie and looked at him kind of funny What do you think of him scottie said? Well, he's got a good voice good singer if we can find the right material So he called sam and sam said you got the next night to rehearse at sign july 5th as agreed Elvis scottie and bill arrived at the sun studio after work Sam went into the control room The threesome continued as they had done at scottie's house With what was basically a recap of artists like eddy urnald, angk snow and angk spots The first documented song was harbour lights a number one hit in 1950 for sammy k and his orchestra But covered instantly by bang krasby The evening's defining moment came after four shaky attempts at leon pain's 1949 country hit I love you because it was during a break that arthur big boy crud ups. That's all right materialized The trio played publicly for the first time on july 17 at the bon air club Elvis still sporting his child's eyes guitar At the end of the month, they appeared at the overton park shell with slim widman headlighting A combination of his strong response to rhythm and nervousness at playing before a large crowd led Elvis to shake his legs As he performed his wide cut pants emphasized his movements causing young women in the audience to start screaming More recalled during the instrumental parts He would back off from the mic and be playing and shaking and the crowd would just go wild Black a natural showman whooped and rode his bass hitting double licks that Elvis would later remember as really a wild sound Like a jungle drum or something Soon after more and black quit their old band to play with Elvis regularly and promoter bob neil became the trio's manager From august through october they played frequently at the egos nest club and returned to sun studio for more recording sessions And Elvis quickly grew more confident on stage According to more his movement was a natural thing But he was also very conscious of what got reaction He'd do something one time and then he would expand on it real quick Elvis made what would be his only appearance on nashville's grand delay opry on october 2nd After polite audience response Opry manager jim denny told phillips that his singer was not bad, but did not suit the program Two weeks later Elvis was booked on Louisiana hayride the opry's chief and more adventurous rival The shriek court-based show was broadcast to 198 radio stations in 28 states Elvis had another attack of nerves during the first set which drew a muted reaction A more composed and energetic second set inspired an enthusiastic response House drummer dj fontana brought a new element Complimenting Elvis movements with the accented beats that he had mastered playing in strip clubs Soon after the show the hayride engaged Elvis for years worth of saturday night appearances Trading in his old guitar for eight dollars and seeing it promptly dispatched to the garbage He purchased a martin instrument for 175 dollars and his trio began playing in new locals Including houston texas and texarkana arkansas In october dj fontana was hard to play drums for Elvis Using a very bare bones drum kit dj sat behind the curtain Unseen by the audience and played behind Elvis and the boys as they performed in two songs allotted them Which were that's a right mama and possibly dj's memory was a little sketchy blue moon of kentucky By early 1955 Elvis regular hayride appearances Constant touring and well received record releases have made him a substantial regional star from tennessee to west texas In january neil signed a formal management contract with Elvis and brought the singer to the attention of colonel Tom parker whom he considered the best promoter in the music business Parker dutch born though he claimed to be from west virginia had acquired an honorary colonels commission from country singer turn Louisiana governor jimmy davis Having successfully managed top country star rady arnold He was now working with the new number one country singer hanks now Parker booked Elvis on snow's february tour When the tour reached huesa texas a 19-year-old royova bison saw Elvis for the first time His energy was incredible. His instinct was just amazing. I just didn't know what to make of it There was just no reference point in the culture to compare it On march 24 1958 Elvis was inducted into the us army as a private at for chaffee near ford smith arkinsow Captain arlie nethany the information officer was unprepared for the media attention drawn by the singer's arrival Hundreds of people descended on Elvis as he stepped from the bus Photographers then accompanied him into the base Elvis announced that he was looking forward to his military stint Saying he did not want to be treated any differently from anyone else The army can do anything it wants with me later at ford hood texas Lieutenant colonel marjorie shalton gave the media card plans for one day after which she declared Elvis off limits to the press Soon after Elvis had commenced basic training at ford hood He received a visit from eddie fiddle a businessman he had met when on tour in texas Fiddle reported that Elvis had become convinced his career was finished. He firmly believed that During a two-week leave in early june Elvis cut five sides in nashville He returned to training but in early august his mother was diagnosed with hepatitis and her condition wasn't Elvis was granted emergency leave to visit her arriving in memphis on august 12th Two days later latus died of heart failure aged 46 Elvis was devastated. The relationship had remained extremely close even into his adulthood They would use baby talk with each other and Elvis would address her with pet names After training at ford hood Elvis joined the third armor division in friedberg, germany on october 1st The army also introduced Elvis to karate which he studied seriously later including it in his live performances Fellow soldiers have attested to Elvis wish to be seen as an able ordinary soldier Despite his fame and to his generosity while in the service He donated his army pay to charity purchased tv sets for the base and bought an extra set of fatigues for everyone in his outfit While in friedberg Elvis met 14 year old priscilla buley They would eventually marry after seven and a half year courtship In her autobiography priscilla says that despite his worries that it would ruin his career Parker convinced Elvis that to gain popular respect He should serve his country as a regular soldier rather than in special services Where he would have been able to give some musical performances and remain in touch with the public Media reports echoed Elvis concerns about his career But rca producer steve shoals and freddy beans tech of hillan range had carefully prepared for his two year hiatus Armed with the substantial amount of unreleased material They kept up a regular stream of successful releases Between his induction and discharge Elvis had 10 top 40 hits Including where my ring around your neck the best-selling hardheaded woman and one night in 1958 Now and then there's a fool such as I and the number one a big hunk 11 1959 Rca also managed to generate four albums compiling old material during this period Most successfully Elvis golden records 1958 which hit number three on the LP chart Elvis returned to the united states on march 2nd 1960 and was honorably discharged with the rank of sergeant on march 5th The train that carried him from new jersey to Tennessee was mobbed all the way And Elvis was called upon to appear at scheduled stops to please his fans Back in memphis he wasted no time in returning to the studio Sessions in march and april yielded two of his best-selling singles the ballads that's now or never and are you lonesome tonight? And Elvis is back the album features several songs described by girl marcus as full of chicago blues menace Driven by Elvis own super mic the acoustic guitar Brilliant playing by scottie more and demonic sax work from boots Randolph Elvis singing was in sexy. It was pornographic Shortly before christmas 1966 more than seven years since they first met Elvis proposed to Priscilla buley Elvis Presley video they were married on may 1st 1967 in a brief ceremony and their suite at the Aladdin hotel in Las Vegas The flow of formulaic movies and assembly line soundtracks rolled on It was not until october 1967 when the clambake soundtrack LP registered record low sales for a new Elvis album That rca executives recognized the problem by then of course The damage had been done as historians connie kirkeberg and mark andricks put it Elvis was viewed as a joke by serious music lovers and has been to all but his most loyal fans MGM again filmed Elvis in april 1972 this time for Elvis on tour Which went on to win the golden global award for best documentary film that year His gospel album he touched me released that month would earn him his second grammy award for best inspirational performance A 14 day tour commenced with an unprecedented four consecutive sold-out shows at new york's madison square garden The evening concert on july 10th was recorded and issued an LP form the week later Elvis as recorded at madison square garden became one of Elvis's biggest selling albums After the tour the single burning love was released Elvis last top 10 hit on the us pop chart The most exciting single Elvis has made since all shook up rote rock critic Robert price gay Who else could make its coming closer? The flames are now licking my body sound like an Assegnation with James Brown's backup band Elvis and his wife Meanwhile had become increasingly distant barely cohabiting The press leaves separated on february 23 1972 after priscilla disclosed her relationship with mike stone A karate instructor Elvis had recommended to her five months later Elvis new girlfriend linda thompson A songwriter and one-time memphis beauty queen moved in with him Elvis and his wife filed for divorce on august 18th in january 1973 Elvis performed two benefit concerts for the kooli cancer fund in connection with the groundbreaking tv special Aloha from hawaii The first show served as a practice run in backup should technical problems affect the live broadcast two days later Erad is scheduled on january 14th Aloha from hawaii was the first global concert satellite broadcast reaching approximately 1.5 billion viewers live and on tape delay Elvis costume became the most recognized example of the elaborate concert garb with which his latter-day persona became closely associated As described by Bobby and mason at the end of the show when he spreads out his american eagle cape With the full stretched wings of the eagle studded on the back He becomes a god figure the accompanying double album Released in february 1 2 number one and eventually sold over five million copies in the united states It proved to be Elvis last us number one pop album during his lifetime At a midnight show the same month four men rushed onto the stage in an apparent attack Security man left to Elvis defense and the singer's karate instinct took over as he ejected one invader from the stage himself Elvis divorce took effect on october 1973 he was now becoming increasingly unwell on july 13th 1976 Vernon Presley who had become deeply involved in his son's financial affairs Fired Memphis mafia bodyguards redwest Elvis friends since the 1950s Sonny west and david hebbler setting the need to cut back on expenses Elvis was in palm springs at the time an associate of Elvis John O'Grady argued that the bodyguards were dropped because the rough treatment of fans had prompted too many lawsuits Elvis and Linda Thompson split in november and he took up with the new girlfriend Ginger Alden He proposed to Alden and gave her an engagement ring two months later Though several of his friends later claimed that he had no serious intention of marrying again RCA which had enjoyed a steady stream of product from Elvis for over a decade Who anxious is his interest in spending time in the studio wait after december 1973 session that produced 18 songs Enough for almost two albums. He did not enter the studio in 1974 Parker sold RCA on another concert record Elvis as recorded live on stage in Memphis Recorded on march 20th It included a version of how great thou are that would win Elvis his third and final competitive Grammy award All three of his competitive Grammy wins out of 14 total nominations were for gospel recordings Elvis returned to the studio in hollywood in march 1975 Recording 10 songs that would form the Elvis today album his last studio album But Parker's attempts to arrange another session toward the end of the year were unsuccessful In 1976 RCA sent a mobile studio to Graceland that made possible two full-scale recording sessions at Elvis home Even in that comfortable context the recording process was now a struggle for him For all the concerns of his label and manager in studio sessions between july 1973 at october 1976 Elvis recorded virtually the entire contents of six albums Though he was no longer a major presence on the pop charts Five of those albums entered the top five of the country chart and three went to number one promised land 1975 from Elvis Presley Boulevard Memphis, Tennessee 1976 and moody blue 1977 Elvis Presley died at Graceland on august 16 1977 He was 42 years old Through the early morning of the 16th Elvis took care of last-minute tour details and relaxed with family and staff He was to fly to portland main that night and do a show there on the 17th Then continue the schedule tour Elvis retired to his master suite at Graceland around 7am to rest for his evening flight By late morning Elvis Presley had died of heart failure in a matter of hours the shock registered around the world


Hello, my name is Alexander Mikhailitsyn. I'm a technical engineer for Chilazo. And today I'm going to talk about DMQQo2 is the block device driver, which provides the ability to use Qo2 images as a block device for the container needs and not only for the container needs. My co-author here, Dan Lunev, our engineering core team engineering lead at Chilazo. Our team focused on the Linux kernel and QEMO. First, the first question here is, why do we need a block device at all? From the system containers perspective, a block device is really useful because we want to achieve better isolation between the system containers. And also we may want to tweak somehow the file system parameters and also we may want to have different file system types in different containers. Like for example, we may have combined solution when some of the old containers use X4 file system and newer containers use XFS file system. Another point here, and I think the most important is that the block device allows the easier implementation of snapshots for the file system of container because we snap-shorting the block device as a whole. And also we, of course, can perform online resizes and size limitations for container file system three just as a default because we have a block device underlying. Consider the following picture where we have the three containers with some trees in that containers and the loop device, three loop devices are the backing storage for these containers. This picture is great, but the problem here is the loop device. Loop uses the plain image format, which makes the problems because it has now dynamic cluster allocation mechanism. So we're wasting a lot of space and it doesn't provide us with the ability to make snapshots. So we need something new here. And we have the P-loop, technology P-loop as a internal block device driver with parallels, stands for Parallels Loop, uses Parallels image format. And this, yeah, this image format, this block device driver allows us to have right tracking support and making snapshots. And this is a currently key technology for our open VZ system containers since for many years. Nowadays we decided to shift the step on another technology and change the image format to widely used and supported called QQoTool. And also a Kirill Tchaik, the main developer who written the initial implementation of this driver decided to step on the device maker framework as a basis. And this allows us to have much less code than in comparison to P-loop device. And it's of course good for us. And another point here is that device maker provides stacking architecture to implement really complex things like the stacked backups. Let's talk a little bit about QQoTool image format and the features which is provided by default with this format. It's the snapshots and backing files. So you can use several images for different layers of your block device. And also of course dynamic cluster allocation which is the default for this format. And here in this picture, we can see the general structure of QQoTool file. In the first block, we can see the QQoTool header which contains the general information like size, like position, like shift of L1 table in the image like position of rep counter table. And of course we can see here L1 and L2 tables and data clusters. Data clusters marked green as a sign that these clusters available for the guests. Guests here is because we're talking not only about VMs but also about containers. And it's worth to mention that Rift counters is used for L1 tables or L2 tables, I'm sorry, and also data clusters for the snapshot needs. Here we can see general scheme of mapping between cluster virtual addresses for the at the block device level and addresses or shifts inside the image. So the L1 and L2 table is just the tables and we indexing the cells in these tables and these indexes is just the part of the address of the virtual address of the cluster. So we have some cluster address, we're splitting it to the parts and we can use first part of the image for the L1 table and second part for the shift in L2 table. And using this, we can navigate through this scheme and find the particular cluster in the image. And that's all about the format itself and all we can also pay some attention to features which it provides is the, of course it's snapshots, it's sub clusters, which is quite new feature maybe a few years ago it was introduced but it's also supported by our driver and cluster compression, which may be really useful if you're using the backing files for the storing the data, L2 tables allocation, unfortunately we don't support it yet but we have, possibly we have a plan for it and yes, backing files. Let's say a few words about the device maker framework is device maker is a great thing in Linux kernel which provides an extensive API for virtual block devices implementation. It allows us to choose between two approaches for the block device called bio-based approach and request-based or there are also hybrid block target drivers but we are speaking in our case it's a request-based. The difference between these approaches is that the API function which is used and the efficiency. If we're talking about bio-based approach, in this case our block device driver our device micro-target driver receives the each bias separately and maps and process them separately but if we're talking about the request-based in this case we're working after request queue is glued so the structure request contains a list of stored bias and this means that scheduler IOS scheduler already processed our bias and possibly blocks them into the request and this may be quite more optimal in comparison to bio-based. That's why we choose this way and also device maker provides the IO suspend resume infrastructure and for example in our driver to provide the suspend we just in our implemented callbacks we're forcing our pending IOS write all key code to image top layer metadata and then when we need to resume the device we just reload all metadata from the disk. Between this we can safely modify the code to image from the user space. For example, using QVEMO EMG tool. Now we can see this approach at this slide. Snip-frode creation in Qo2 is just as simple as creating the L1 table copy and also L2 tables and cluster ref counts should be increased by one in this case and snapshot switch is just effectively L1 table switch. Usage of the snapshot engine is simple. It's shown on this slide. As you can see, we're just suspending your and all actions that were described earlier performs here and then we just creating a snapshot using QEMO EMG tool. And then we resume the IO and resume the device. And another important thing is the so-called backward merge and forward merge. Backward merge allows you to copy all the all changed clusters from the top layer image to the previous layer. Like if you have, for example, image and backing file, all changed clusters will be applied to the backing file and top layer image gets clean from this side. And we have merge backward support in the kernel and we have pool support or forward merge support from the user space. It's done by using switching to Qo2 lawyers. And also we have a driver for code DM backup, DM push backup. This driver allows to control the lights for the device from the container and it's the stacked device. So it's stacked on top of the DM code toolware and IO from the file system comes to this driver at first and then translates to the DM code to IO. And it provides the blocking notification for rights and the user space acknowledge each right and after that this pending IO will be submitted to the DM code to lawyer. Here we can see this quite easy picture. This picture, there are some maybe errors here because here we have DMP loop but yeah, we have DMP loop too but today we're speaking about DMQ code too. It's not so important. General scheme is quite useful because we have VM or container and we have some IS getting submitted to these devices. And we also have the right notification on this side when we're processing submitting bias and the backup utility, which is a user space utility just makes some using some turn on interface right act for the clusters and this use gets submitted to the particular block device like TM code tool or DMP loop or something similar, something another. And yes, here we have QMNBD server but yeah, it's not so important. What about QMNBD and why we are not trying to use this as a driver? As far as we know, the kernel provides the internal driver for network block devices and QMNBD is just a user space tool which uses this utilizes this driver and allows us to use code to images with this and provides these images as a block devices. And of course we can run container on it on this basis but there is a problem because the QMNBD is too slow and we on our production customer production workloads we have like a 500 or 1000 of system containers and these containers may contain a lot of different software like a Docker container or even Kubernetes nodes and that's a problem because all of them submits a lot of bio and of course QMNBD in this case it's a bottleneck. Another risk for us is just connected with the fact that QMNBD is the user space driver. So it means that if you have a problem with like memory over commit and we have memory over commit in a lot of cases this may lead to the blocks in this demo server and makes the whole system unresponsive and all the containers getting down. Another interesting complication for this is the LXC because LXC project also aims to provide the system containers like from infrastructure needs or something like that. And the LXC team guys provides a lot of options for storage options for us like loop device, directory, better FS or LVM and it looks like the code tool may be a good alternative to loop device driver here because it provides the higher resolution level and it also allows us to have the snapshots and so on. And yet another application for this thing is the Virtua.io blockade driver which was developed by Andrew Zhachenko recently and this driver allows to increase density and improves performance for the virtual machines for the QMNV virtual machines and because we're trying to get rid of a lot of these calls between user space and the kernel because as far as we know, the QMNV virtual your handled in the user space and on this picture we can see the request structure and how this is working and Virtua.io blockade driver allows us to have scheme like that just because we don't need to compile requests to user space and reach the user space. We can do everything in the kernel. Another useful feature here is that the Virtua.io blockade allows us to have multiple threads for IO which is also valuable of course. Here we can see some numbers, some results for this framework. As we can see, it's quite good. So okay, I think that we are ready to answer your questions. Thanks, thank you guys for listening.


The Dow is over 22,000, but the NASDAQ is losing steam. Eric Regan of US Bank, do the NASDAQs decline, throw cold water on the Dow's milestone? Well, I think it's more illustrative of what the broader markets are doing. It has been a healthy and a robust advance on a year-to-date basis. The interesting thing about the Dow is it's price weighted, not market cap weighted. So you have a disproportionate impact from some of the higher price shares, which just so happened to have been much more, had more favorable performance on a year-to-date basis.  For us, again, the preference is for looking at broader indices. As far as broader indices and concerns, things like the S&P 500, we do think that they end marginally higher. We're now at 2477. Correct, which has pretty much been where our year-end target has been. The reason why we think we have the likelihood of drifting higher towards year-end is just the strength of earnings. We think that earnings are really what is the primary determinant of valuations right now. But does it worry you that the leaders of the Dow, like Boeing, get most of their revenue from overseas? Well, it's actually been supportive, seeing some of the weakness in the dollar. So we would expect that to provide a tailwind to those companies that have broader international operations. We would have concern, though, if we do see rising levels of concern around trade issues emanating from Washington. But the Russell 2000, which is more of a US-centric gauge, that's only up 4% so far this year, sir. How do you grapple that with the rise in some of the broader indices? From our perspective, it really reflects the economic reality. We've seen firming growth internationally among our global training partners. That is reflective of more of the global businesses. The Russell, as you mentioned, 2000, has more US-centric in that we've seen just some moderation, some middling-type economic activity domestically. And opportunities you see in the coming months? From our perspective, we do think that there's a likelihood that there'll be increased volatility as we move through August into early September, some of the normal seasonality. But also, reflecting, we've had a rather wonderful start to our second quarter earning season. It's coming to conclusion. We don't have a Fed meeting in August. And all investor attention will certainly turn to fiscal policy and the prospects of a growth agenda being achieved. So you could see some choppiness in the near-term opportunities. We still remain biased towards equities, both US as well as developed international. All right, Eric Wiegen, we'll leave it there. Thanks for joining us. Thank you.


A couple of days ago Archrelease Pac-Man 6.0 and during that whole fiasco one of the things you might have had to do was compare files and that's not something that I'd ever really had to do on Linux before at least on a grand scale and I didn't really know how to go about it and so I looked it up and there are actually a few different ways of doing this. Now today what I thought I'd do is cover two different ways you can compare files on Linux. The first one is called Diff and before we jump into Diff I just want to say really Diff is for smaller files at least in my experience which is just not a large amount of experience because I just started using this a couple of days ago but it seems to me that if you are trying to compare much larger files the efficiency or the efficacy of Diff would go down because you'll see it just wouldn't be easy to go through and parse that many differences in a larger amount of data. So let's go ahead and jump into Diff and then after that I'm going to be talking about meld which is a GUI application which is going to be much better for larger files so let's go ahead and jump in. So the first thing we need to do is find two files that we want to compare and I'm just going to use the files that I compared for the Pac-Man 6.0 fiasco and those files are in the Etsy folder so if we do an LS here we'll actually see two Pac-Man .com files this one here and this one here and what we want to do is compare them and we can do that using the Diff command so we'll do Diff Pac-Man .conf and Pac-Man .conf.pacnew and then we just hit enter. Now let me zoom in here a little bit. What we'll actually do is run that again so that we can actually see. The question it becomes how do you read the output of this file and that's where it gets a little tricky so there are certain ways that you read these codes and it's really is kind of like deciphering codes so what does 5 comma 6 D4 mean? So those numbers at the beginning refer to the first file always the first file so in this case it's Pac-Man .conf the number after the letter always refers to the second file so in this case Pac-Man .conf .pacnew. The letter in between changes as you can see we got a D we got a C there's another C you might also find an A here somewhere but I don't have an A so I can't show you that. The question is what do those mean so D in this situation means deleted so that means lines 5 and 6 need to be deleted from the first file in order to match the second file which is on line 4 so that means that these two lines here have to be removed from the first file in order to make match the second file it's like I said this is not the easiest thing to decipher because it's I mean it looks weird right and it's kind of complicated so the letter C means that the line in the first file needs to be changed to match the file line in the second file so what this means is we need to change line 33 or the 35 in the first file to match the second file which is on line 33 again it's really confusing and down here we have another deletion so line 37 which needs to be deleted to match line 34 which is so it'd be exactly the same so the question becomes then what's the comma means so basically if you use them you'll know that this means a range so this means line 39 through line 41 in order to get those to match lines 36 to 37 we need to add these lines here or take them out you know it depends on which way you're going right the next thing you have to know is what these greater than or left less than signs are so this greater line here is always referring to the first file the less than sign or this other sign here I guess I always get those mixed up refers to the second file so if you're thinking this is super super complicated and why would you ever do this I'm with you like I just think I went through and explain this and everybody's probably like Matt that was the most confusing thing and then the people who know how to use differ like what are you talking about that's not how it works so when I first was looking at the how do I go through and compare files this is what I came up with like you know I kind of understand it like I'm looking at a tutorial and it shows you how things are doing like I understand like lines five and six in line one would need to be deleted in order to match the second file okay I I'm pretty sure that that's what that means according to the tutorial that's what that means and the C's down the C one that means that we need to change these lines in the first file in order to match the second file or maybe it's the other way around I don't like it's very confusing right like I don't know so that's where meld comes in so if you can figure out what diff means more power to you and I hope that the the horrible explanation I just had and I will link a better much better tutorial in the video description it will at least make a little bit more sense than what I did if you can't figure this out let's look at meld because meld is much better so what we want to do is you can do this from you can open meld up in a from your menu system whatever you want to do I'm going to open up from the terminal because it's easier I'm gonna do meld and then I'm going to do the same two files as I did before and then we'll make this full-screen and then I think I can zoom in here that way you can actually see okay good alright but anyways as you can see this is actually much better so as you can see on the left hand side we have pac-man.com on the right hand side we have pac-man.com.pacnew and what meld will do I'll actually go through and highlight the differences so this line here exists in pac-man.com this line here or in in this file here it doesn't exist and here we have color now we can we see what diff was talking about earlier so if we go back up here to diff we can see that those two lines that were highlighted in meld just a second ago exist in the first file and not in the second file so that's why it wants you to delete them in order to get them to be the same and the same thing with color here we have one that is uncommented we have one that is commented so if we go back here we have these two differences here okay and that's the basically what it's saying is that it needs you to change one of the other that's why it's there's a space in between here and we have this this symbol here referring to both files the line here is exactly the same just there's that one difference okay and the same thing here with this here we cannot check this space from within the true environment you know this exists in one and not in the other and same thing here now you'll notice the different colors when something doesn't exist in one file another it's green when there's just a slight difference between them make the line exists but there's a difference so in this case some are uncommented some are commented then the color is blue and those are the only changes or the only differences in these files now if we go back to diff the same thing here is we know that this line here because it says D doesn't exist in the first file because it shows us this here and we know that these lines here because it uses the letter C exist in the both files but they're different and that's just showing you the difference between them so that is diff and meld now what I think if you noticed is that once I opened up meld it was much easier to actually understand what the hell diff was talking about so the way I see it is always start with meld meld is a great program it's something that a lot of people use and I normally kind of shy away from GUIs because I prefer to use terminal based applications but in this case actually being able to see the differences not have to deal with really weird symbols and syntax and stuff like that I mean at first at least you know this is better right actually seeing the difference is is better but also because you've started on this because now I've you know looked at this I can understand the output of diff way better than I could before I looked at meld so in this case I think it's a really it's a really good example of how a GUI application can kind of show you how certain Linux commands actually work in a more visual way and can kind of lead you to actually learning more so for me personally I probably will always use meld because when I need to do this I actually want to see those differences but if you're just comparing a very two very short files diff probably would do you just fine as long as you can understand what it means which I'm not saying that I always can I obviously always can't I mean that's not the way you say it but I don't care that's just you know the output can be very confusing when you use diff and so these two different methods kind of lose their meld is always going to be superior especially when you have a ton of changes because you don't want to actually have to go through all that diff stuff if you have you know 30 or 40 differences between the files right you know it's really good if there's just two or three differences which is was the case here or at least it can be really good if you can understand the output so that is it for me today if you understand how to use diff make sure you leave a comment below goodness knows you're probably one of the only ones so I'll also leave a link for both diff and meld in the video description below make sure you check them out you can follow me on Twitter at the Linuxcast you can support me on patreon.patreon.com slash Linuxcast before I go I'd like to take a moment to thank our current patrons Devon Marcus Magland Donnie Sven East Coast Web Merrick Camp and Mitchell thanks everybody for watching I'll see you next time


Chinne would have already told you a little bit about free RTOS, so I'm going to dig a little bit deeper into the same topic, but don't worry it's not an RTOS course that will take a whole semester of course. So I'm going to tell you why free RTOS is used especially in IoT. So to begin with, okay, I think this is the redundant type, but I still put it in. We all know what is IoT. But the basic four points is what I want you to look at. Internet enabled, connected devices, and they form a network and they obviously transmit data. What is RTOS, a real-time operating system? Well, first it's real-time and one of the examples which was given by Chinne was the NeoPixel. It's a pretty tricky thing to program, especially if you have a Raspberry Pi. And it has to multi-task. You need a lot of different tasks to be running in parallel. You need real-time scheduling wherein you bring different tasks at different time lapses or time frames, and also you need a low-memory footprint. If you had good memory, you would use an operating system. You wouldn't use an RTOS. And another important point is it's configurable to different sizes. So you can have an RTOS for 22 kb, 10 kb, 5 kb, and all the way up to 45 mb of size. So quickly let me tell you about the basics. The three things which I felt was most important. The first thing is it's all about the scheduler. You need to have a real-time scheduler. The basic difference to explain in a very naive way is in an operating system like Windows or Linux where you have a scheduler. The scheduler focuses more on responsiveness, how responsive the UI is, how quickly the user gets what he wants. But in an RTOS, it's more about process. It's more about how the processes are finished to completion because mostly there's no user involved at all. So this is the basic difference in terms of scheduler. The second thing is TIC. TIC is a pretty complex thing to explain, but I'll tell you quickly. So the seconds of a clock are TIC. In a microcontroller or a microprocessor, you always have TIC. But when you have big operating systems, your TIC is not real-time. It is generally sourced from a software timer which can have a few cycles of lag now and then. But in case of a real-time operating system, your TIC is sourced directly from your processor cycles. So it's going to be real-time. And you can configure the TIC in case of an RTOS. You can have it to be one second, one millisecond, one microsecond, all the way up to picoseconds. And the third important thing is you have limited task states. So if you can see this diagram, forgive me for the crazy URLs. I don't like to use other people's work without credit. So you have very limited task states over here. You just have very running block that's suspended. But if you look at Linux, you have at least 20 different task states apart from these. And another thing to note over here is these are all different components of an RTOS which I won't go into much detail. But if you see, they are pretty limited. This whole bubble here represents every software feature that an RTOS can give you. You have message queues, pipes, mailboxes, mutex, Mofors. These are things that change from RTOS to RTOS, but this is the most basic one. So yeah, that's it for RTOS basics. Okay, now this slide I'll tell you a little bit about industry perspective. So being someone who has worked both on full, big operating systems as well as real-time operating systems, I can tell you how an industry works in case of both. So if you see this, this is a Linux operating system, but many people who develop applications have a similar OS structure which is based on Unix or Linux or their own proprietary OS maybe. Generally, each layer that you see here is handled by a different set of engineers, a different department or so. And let's take system libraries for example. In an industry that supplies customers, your system libraries are generally handled by 70 plus engineers. That's how it was in one of the companies I worked for. So each layer over here is like roughly 30 to 40 engineers at the least. So you can imagine the number of people that it takes to build up a system like this. But when you come to RTOS, roughly seven people work on the real-time OS. That's it. It's like one-tenth the amount of people who work on a particular layer in a full operating system like Linux. And generally, most drivers are developed by one person single man. Because when you come to a real-time operating system, your components are tiny. It's easy to maintain your code, so you don't need a lot of people to maintain drivers. So this whole stack that you see here can be anywhere between as less as one person to 20 people. But this most certainly cannot be managed by one person single hand. You might have to use pre-built libraries or pre-built kernel. Many people don't like kernel from scratch. So this is a basic and an industry perspective between what happens when you develop with an RTOS and when you develop with a full-time operating system. So yeah, a little bit about where you would use it when you have IoT. So this is a small little curve that I took from our presentation online. So you can see the process of how, when it's very less, you really might not want an RTOS. You can write your own superloop and everything is handled by that. It is actually done in an Arduino. People who do simple operations like blinky or blinky with a motor. It's just a superloop. You don't use an RTOS. That's like crazy. As you have a little more processing power and you want to do more things. You start using RTOS like free RTOS, which is free, less amount of guarantees and yeah, basically it's free. If you go for more advanced operations, you might use UC Linux and there's another operating system called ECOS. Or if you have really advanced, like you have customers who are demanding, you know, picoseconds of delay. You might use real-time Linux. So you build your own kernel. You can't just take a kernel from the market. And if you have more power, if the curve is extended on the x-axis, you can use Ubuntu if you have the budget that allows you to do that. This slide is something that came to me while I was sleeping and I woke up with this idea. Multitasking is a necessary tool. So in IoT, especially tiny devices, you can't have the device do just one thing. That's not the way it is. And ideally an IoT device will do at least two things. One is maintain connectivity via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC, Lora. And the second thing is what it's designed for. You don't just design a device to connect to the internet. You want it to connect some data, temperature, pressure and whatever. So if you can see this small chip over here, it has three, four motors connected to it. It has a buzzer and it also is connected to Wi-Fi. So like that you have three tasks that I listed. So multitasking is a necessary evil and this is another reason why you need an OS that schedules between different tasks. So this is a small slide that tells you about development times. It's not very important but still I tell you. Small companies, especially startups, prefer to develop their own tiny kernel. Which is kind of like an RTOS in itself but it's completely proprietary. Since you build it from scratch, you own everything. You don't need to reveal it to the user or anything. So a lot of companies take this approach. But if you see there are a lot of things that are involved in the software timeline. You have to design your own hardware. You have to design your own software. You have to make the hardware. So it takes a much longer time. But let's say you use an RTOS or commercially available RTOS like FreeRTOS or ECOS or one of them. You just need to build the hardware. You don't need to build the software. The software is ready for you. So it actually reduces your development time and a lot of startups are actually picking up FreeRTOS. If you look at a lot of IoT startups in the market, a lot of them use FreeRTOS and it's pretty popular. And to compliment this, there's a company in Singapore called TUV-SUV. So they are working with FreeRTOS and they have made another variant called SafeRTOS which is I think ISO certified. So this company is in Singapore by the way and they have worked with FreeRTOS to make this operating system called SafeRTOS. And it has a great deal of certifications. It is certified to be used in nuclear power plants. I don't know where its side is. But if you have a chance, go take a look at this. There's a pretty nice photo where they show that it's safe to use in a nuclear power plant. You can check that out later. And this is another small example of an application called NAPTO. So FreeRTOS themselves have built this NAPTO and it's basically a P2P connection that can go over firewalls. It's pretty interesting and if you see the diagram, it's a pretty intuitive way to use an IoT device. You can have a UDP request directly to your device, physically. And let's say you want to have fancy graphics and your JavaScript applications, you can run it on a server. So you can make really good UIs using this type of software.  And there are three other configurations. You can check that out on the FreeRTOS website. It's actually built by FreeRTOS which comes at a price of course. This is not free. And in the end, networking isn't just enough. So this is a small screenshot of the Embed OS. And you can just see the amount of crazy software they're putting. They have C++ APIs, Event Framework threads. So at the end, networking isn't just enough. You need to support much more things apart from networking. You need to support multiple forms of networking. So for all this, you really can't do it just without an OS. So hence, you need something like an RTOS. So this slide just summarizes whatever I showed you in images. And in the end, I'll just focus on the last point of it. In some cases, real-time behavior is actually needed. So examples, I think three of them were highlighted by Chinman, so I won't be going in. So in some cases, real-time behavior is actually needed. And you need to have an RTOS working inside. So I have a small little demo which is prepared on this board called Realtek Honeba. If any MQ students are here last year, I think Realtek has a competition inside it. But I got this board. So it's a pretty tiny... It's nothing that you guys haven't seen. Realtek's N3, which runs at 166 megahertz with 512 kV now. Something similar to the Arduino 2V to give you a sense of comparison. It's pretty similar to the Arduino 2V minus the Wi-Fi antenna and the NFC chip over here. And the best part about this is it supports Arduino. It supports IAR, and it has a GCC toolchain support which is upcoming. So a lot of different people can take this up. And that's all about the board. Let me go for the demo. So what I'm going to do with this board is... It's running free, because it's there on my table. It's running off a battery, by the way. It's not over here. So if any of you have a laptop, you can connect to this SSID, which I've shown here. You can put the password and you can open the stream over there. If you won't go ahead and try it, otherwise I'll open it and show it to you. And once you see the stream, I'll explain what's happening in the board. I'll show it to you. Aviva. I'll just show it to you. AS caps. I don't know how many people can connect to the stream, but the stream is... Can you just pan the camera? I'll just get that over here to show you guys how to timing this. Definitely. What happened? Oh, okay. I think it's a different password. Okay, the password is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9. I'm sorry for that. Yeah, but that's the password. You can try it. I don't know how many streams it will support simultaneously, because it's, again, a timing, your time-operating system. But give it a try. Let's see how far it can go. Anyone else got the stream? You are it, okay. Anyone else got the stream? 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 9. Yeah, 1, 2, 9, all of these. Anyone else got the stream? Okay, fine. Okay, so, yeah, you can try it later. I'll keep it on. So, what's happening here? There are actually three really important things that are happening. One is the video decoding. So, the camera, this camera supports UVC, USB video class. So, it's a UVC driver that's there inside this camera. And it transmits motion JPEG frames. So, the first stack that I load is motion JPEG decoding, of course. So, that's running on the board in real time at 30 frames per second. The image quality is low, because it has very, very less RAM. I can't have a frame that exceeds 18 kb, because there's only 150 kb of RAM. And the next thing that's running is an RDSP stream. So, RDSP is the protocol by which I'm streaming to VLC. So, there's an RDSP stack running inside. That, again, accepts the stream at 30 frames per second and encodes it to the RDSP format and transmits it over the Wi-Fi AP, for which you need a Wi-Fi stack, which is also running. So, there are three things that are running in parallel. And the stream is somewhat real-time. Yeah, there will be a delay. You can't expect zero delays. So, there's a delay and a lot of things. These delays can be attributed to the Wi-Fi model, to the delay in the software, and to the delay in which the PC actually responds and gets the packet and shows it on the screen. So, there are a lot of delays involved, but it can be faster, I think. I think there's a five-second delay at the last time, roughly five seconds. So, that's the delay. But it's somewhat real-time-ish, not very real-time, but if you see the kind of protocol stacks that are running are very heavy. You have motion JPEG decoding, Wi-Fi stack, and an RTSP server all running in the same processor. And it's powered off a battery. This is the whole setup here. You can power it off a AA battery as well, if you have the adapter. I have run it with a AA battery, single AA battery, and it runs for 8 to 10 hours. So, this is a 10,400 mAh battery. So, I think it will run for a week, which is okay if you want to do video surveillance of an event or something. You can have better camera support, but again, the limitation that I'm facing right now is the 150 kb of RAM. If the RAM was bigger, we could have gone for something like H264, which gives you a 1080p HD video, but right now, that's not possible with such a tiny device. I think that's the end of my... Yeah, okay. The benefits of using 3-hour process... Okay, I think I already told you all this. And for the reading, you can read a lot about these things. FreeRTOS.org, if you want to read about FreeRTOS. This is the official website of the board on which I'm showing you the demo. If you want to buy the board, the link is there. And this is a pretty nice course from Rutgers University about FreeRNet scheduling, which actually tells you why you need FreeRNet scheduling. And the last one is the FreeRTOS NAPT, or the P2P application that I was talking about, which is made by FreeRTOS. So if you want to do some further reading, these are the options you have. And any questions? Okay, sure.


So if you're not familiar with T-Bone Burnett, he is who did the Oh Brother Where Art Thou soundtrack. He does lots of bluegrass, the Americana things. You hear I am a man of Constance Sotaro, the soggy bottom boys, whatever. We can thank this man. So here's my thing. He has come out with the pinnacle of recorded sound that him and Bob Dylan did some development on. And so basically what it is is a new analog audio format that basically seems to improve on existing formats like vinyl. It's called an iconic original, and he says, not only is an iconic original the equivalent of a painting, it is a painting. It is lacquer painted onto an aluminum disc with a spiral etched to it into it by music. This painting, however, has the additional quality of containing that music, which can be heard by putting a stylus into the spiral and saying it. Now, I'm of two minds with what I just heard here. My first mind here is that one, when you're the inventor CEO or the spokesperson for a product, you really gotta talk a big game. I've told you all this about your music. You must really learn to sell it. Really learn what's great about you and how to sell it. I think I said it in one of my videos that like my friend Ben Wyman from Dillinger Escape Plan once told me that the main job of a manager is being a person who can sell and convert people to get onto the team and be like, yes, I should give this person an opportunity. And when he said that, I didn't believe him. But then as my years went on in the music business, I realized Ben's a very smart guy and knows what he's talking about. So any, this right here is really selling some bull. So it's one, I'll get into some of the. But come on, my dude, this is a painting. Let's look at this thing. I'm not hanging in that in my house anytime soon. Come on, guy. Like album artwork, vinyl, sure. I got a gold record and it's beautiful. I got a poster of break-ins over there. I got a 1975 poster right here. I'm gonna put art up, but that, my guy. Come on, not a thing. Okay, but let's move on because there is more interesting thing. When describing the quality that raises analog sound above digital sound, the word warmth is often used. That's an understatement. Analog sound has more depth, more harmonic complexity, more resonance, better imaging. Analog has more feel, more character, more touch. Digital sound is frozen. Analog sound is alive. Oh, man, T-bone. First off, analog sound has more depth. So here's the problem. If you're using analog as a medium, unless he's done something new and no analog medium invented right now has technically more depth than a 24-bit piece of art. Vinyl does not have the resolution to do that. More harmonic complexity. Now, harmonic complexity is an interesting word here because really what harmonic complexity means is distortion. And so for that, you'd be right, but here's the problem. When you're talking about a sound format, you want it to not distort more than the original creator chose it. This is literally one of the things that we're all trying to get to translate. I can remember mixing for radio back in the day, and we'd have to think about, radio's gonna put a little bit more distortion on it and you'd sometimes get a whole different mixing master just for how much distortion radio adds because you don't wanna have that.  Now, resonance is one of these words we can use it a lot. You know, resonance can mean how much you feel the music or it could actually mean when you hear surface noise on a vinyl. Like you put it down, you hear that classic sound before it plays. That's technically resonance. Better imaging. Sure, imaging is a very interesting thing that like, you can argue that there's these oral things that happen because with bits and hertz and digital audio, you're getting things put in a box and then there's not in between the boxes. But with the level of resolution we're at when we're at 96 or 192 and 24 bit, is it beyond human, a lot of juries out there. I'll grant them that. But analog has more feel, more character, more touch. Yeah, that's obvious because you can touch it whereas digital, you can't, but digital sound is frozen, analog sound is alive. My brother, chef's kiss for this level. Okay, but a press release notes one of Burnett and Nets aims is to reset the valuation of recorded music. He formed a new company to do Neo Fidelity, Inc. which plans to just record and distribute future Ionic originals. So now this is the interesting thing is that all these people when they do and they sell these to the investors and I would love if we got a higher format. Truly, I listened to title loss lists on my insanely expensive $800 headphones that I have two different things of through an insanely expensive converter. Also I can hear music as good as I can hear it. I love it. I'm a nerd for laying on my nice couch and listening to music. But there's this little tell that always happens with these companies which is that they then want to distribute and own all of it kind of the way Apple tried to with having the iTunes store. Anyway, what I would think of when I think of this is that they're always trying to make like their own marketplace and this gives me the tell that this is not for the good of the audio community, this is for the good of their pockets. So then we get to the next sentence which is really the cringe apocalypse of all of this. So it's like a digital NFT but make an IRL my dog. Like the whole thing with NFTs is it's a digital thing, an IRL it is not. Like the whole thing that distinguishes painting from digital art is literally the difference in medium. You cannot have it both. This is some serious grade A, my guy. But he also says it's a collectorism. Pono, except that it's the disc.  In fact, I made a tab to, there we go. This is what a Pono player goes for. This is what it looked like. Fun fact, I pre-ordered one, tried it out for one minute, saw how much they were going for on eBay when they first came out because the people who pre-ordered it and I sold it immediately for a triple profit and I don't regret that decision for one moment in my life if I'm being honest. Anyway, the Pono was this cursed thing Neil Young did that would have better conversion. The hilarious thing is by the time he put this out it had worse conversion in it because it took him so long to develop it that so many other things that were out on the market like laughably bad. At the time I was just literally listening through my Digita Design 192 which was not known as the pinnacle of high quality conversion even though those things sounded great. The 192 immediately sounded better than it. Unfortunately when these old codgers get in the tech game I'm a middle-aged guy, it's a young person's game like you're missing the boat here chief. This is not the thing we need to be doing. But with that said, I will reserve some judgment. I'm not judging the format because I need to hear it but what I am judging is the packaging it. I'm judging very hard T-Bone and I really don't feel good about the way you're selling this but I will tell you the second I can get my hands on this I will do the Pono. Yeah, I'd never want to see that thing again. I feel bad for any of you who didn't know what it was and I just introduced it.