Staying in class 2A action, Royalton facing Eden Valley Watkins and the Royals were trailing by 7, but Cole Wentland took a punt return 75 yards down the field to make the score 7-6, and then Eagles pushed their lead to 14-6, but Royalton's Michael Petron would take Moana back from this next play staying outside of the defense. Petron manages to make it nearly all the way to the end zone before he's ran out of bounds, and then Petron would connect with Lewis Fulford to bring the Royals back, and they'd go up 14-12, but Eden Valley Watkins would go up 20-12 heading to the fourth, and they'd win tonight by a final of 29-12, ending Royalton's season. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


The study reports experimental investigation of a harmonic oscillator made of both condensed lithium atoms in an optical lattice, revealing crossover from sinusoidal to nearly photon-like propagation at high velocities and observing intrinsic relativistic defacing and monopole oscillations. All observed dynamics are in agreement with long-standing but untested relativistic predictions. This article was authored by Kurt M. Fujiwara, Zachary A. Geiger, Kevin Singh, and others.


All right. So you're here because you want to hear about four brands that made Jay-Z millions. I'm glad you're here then. Let's get to it. Best investment advice that you ever received. What was it? Do you remember whether it was in the market or just investing in life and in business? I think just doing things that you believe in, things that you understand. I think that's the best investment. I heard Warren Buffett say that just the other day and I just innately felt that just investing things that you understand. As it turns out Jay-Z's investment in JetSmarter was not his first rodeo with ride-sharing companies. In fact, he was making some serious moves to not only get in on Uber, but secure himself alone. Hold on now. Just in case you haven't heard of JetSmarter because I frankly remember something about it. Then I did a little bit of research and I found out that JetSmarter actually turned into Fly XO, which is like a ride share for a private plane and that recently got sold. I believe they were having some lawsuits or things like that. If you want, you can look that up on your own time. I'm not going to throw any disparaging remarks about the God Mogul. By the way, since you're here, go ahead and like and subscribe. Like, subscribe. Leave a comment below. Do you remember JetSmarter and what actually happened with that lawsuit with Fly XO? Let us know down in the comments below. But yeah, let's get back to it. We're on Uber right now. It was a pretty baller move and it still turned out fine for him. Today, that $2 million investment is worth around $70 million. That's a 35-fold return. I bet he wishes they would have accepted that extra money he sent as that would have been an extra $100 million added to his net worth. 3. Tidal One of Jay-Z's more well-known brands, although no one is exactly sure what for, was when he invested in Tidal, a music streaming platform that was intended to be an artist-friendly service. Partially owned by artists such as Kanye West, Calvin Harris, and of course, Hove's wife, Beyonce, bought for $56 million in 2015. 4. Big Celebrity Brands Influencer Brands And when you have that type of black book, man, especially when something that they can all eat with, such as a streaming service, you can do some ill things. I could imagine what the backroom conversations was. Just use your imagination. Alright, let's get back to it. Why? Why you don't know why? It's one of the biggest brands. Isn't that crazy? Tidal saw some shaky media coverage and odd quirks, but Jay-Z was still able to establish the platform as a voice in the highly competitive streaming market. What's more, he flipped the initial investment for $200 million only two years later, selling a 33% stake in the company to cell phone provider Sprint in early 2017. This venture now represents $100 million in Jay-Z's net worth, a healthy 10%. He still retains his share of the ownership to this day, and for its part, Sprint provided Tidal for free to its 45 million retail customers. Pretty sweet deal if you're on Sprint, but against Apple Music or Spotify, I don't see much of a comparison myself. Some accusations of an ethical activity have been made against the company, like that it faked over 300 million streams to inflate Kanye West and Beyonce's album sales numbers. But that hasn't stopped Jay from cashing in on the trend of streaming services. 2. Doucet Rappers and beverage lines go hand-in-hand. 50 cents Vitamin Water, Diddy's Vodka, Sirach, and Jay is not the exception to that rule. He invested in multiple beverage lines, which he helped cultivate and grow, eventually becoming a large portion of his net worth. One of his first ventures into the line of alcohol was when he became the owner of the 4040 Club, a chain of high-end sports bars started in New York City. Moving past this, he went on to develop his own brand of cognac, Doucet, which he co-owns with alcohol giant Bacardi. Doucet is growing at a rapid pace, moving over 200,000 cases of cognac annually and stocked in thousands of stores across the United States. The venture proved to be very lucrative for him, representing $100 million of his net worth. 1. Armand de Brignac Another wildly successful venture for Jay-Z is his champagne brand known as Armand de Brignac Champagne, and one of the biggest purchases of his financial career. Jay-Z bought the brand in 2014 for $200 million. No, I didn't say that wrong. He dropped the brand $200 million in what was probably the biggest flex any rapper has ever made. Now I'm gonna say something about this. First, there's two things. Two things we gotta think about. He's selling a, can you call that a commodity? He's selling an item. We're just gonna say he's gonna sell an item. He's selling something that's perishable. When I say perishable, I mean that it, well actually I am saying it disappears. You consume it and it's gone. You have to get more to have something. That's an awesome thing to get into. Not like my nine to five kilo pack, which you buy once and I just keep expanding the value. You purchase one and you can find that down below if you don't know what that is. But he sells it and you gotta keep coming back. But also he goes the second beautiful thing about the do say and the ace. You also heard him mention that brand 4040, right? Now these are high end sports bars that you, it'd be safe to say serve taste makers, right? People that move the needle when it comes to swag and it's just like, you know what I'm saying? Like on the block, you know what I'm saying? You see somebody, they got the, they got the fresh wheels or they got that fresh drink or whatever and it's something like platinum jewelry or whatever. You're like, well, they got it. That taste maker influences others to get involved with brands. They wear the polo, you wear the polo. They wear they wear the, the frockwear, you wear the rockwear. They drink the ace, you drink the ace. They drink the crystal, you drink the crystal, right? So he has 4040 who, who serves the taste makers. So he has 4040, you know what I'm saying? You were like, so you, hopefully the bartenders are saying you drank that do say yet and you're like, no, I ain't drink that. You drink that ace of spade yet? No, I ain't drink that ace of spade yet.  That was fantastic. Let me get three or four more. They're like, yes, we got you. We got you.  Like, yo, look, Jay, you said, we're not even drinking, um, uh, uh, uh, uh, Chris down the moment. We drink it ace of spade. Look at this gold bottle. Just drank sexy dog. Look at this belly. It's sexy dog. Look at this do say it's sexy dog. It tastes delicious. It's a heck of a marketing plan. It's genius. Telling of his genius. Think about it for a little bit. Think about it. You know what I'm saying? What's your opinion? By the way, you think that was a genius move? Do you think 4040 had any influence on how big and fast those brands, those brands grew and not to mention again, his network, that black book going to work. Like man, let's not even forget about his own music. Like for real, his music, I don't even think he even thinks about the music as far as like generating an income with about like record sales or whatever. I think he thinks about his music as just like really like marketing material. Think about it. Think about it. Marketing material. It could give us about the record sales. Like when he's saying, yeah, I tap out. I'm not going to do any music or whatever. I guarantee you every single like he might not be every single album, but I guarantee you on the whole project as a whole, you're probably going to hear about promotion for three or different about two to three different things that he's marketing. It's marketing, baby. It ain't music for him no more. It's like the record sales. What? That's my ad spend. His ad spend is paying for itself. It's genius, man. It's genius. Hold the monster, man. Let's get back to it. Jay-Z has been involved with the brand for much longer. Having rep the golden bottle champagne in the 2006 music video for show me what you got. Since that initial investment, the Armand de Brignac brand is now worth $310 million of Jay-Z's total net worth. It is easily his most successful venture and accounts for over 30% of his net worth. Imagine having $300 million and it isn't even half of your net worth. Pretty crazy, right? Especially for a guy who grew up in one of the most dangerous housing projects in New York. Other big money makers for the rap mogul include around $50 million in real estate, $75 million in rock nation, which is his entertainment company that manages many high profile names such as Rihanna, Meek Mill and Megan Thee Stallion, and around $75 million in his own music catalog. With $1 billion to his name, Jay-Z can rightfully claim the throne as the best hustler to ever do it. At least in hip hop. Do you guys think any rapper will have a net worth that surpasses Jay-Z's? Let us know in the comments section below. Something's wrong with you, man. Something's wrong with you, really.  You need to have some more products than just your music, like a digital product like I got the Nine and Five Killer Pack. It's down below. You could check that. You know what I'm saying? This has a couple different things. Right now, I believe we're going to add like 20 tracks that you can use for background vocals or beat background music for your videos. If you want to make a no-face video, if you want to use just to make music, if you do make music with us, please send us the music. So maybe we can review it and put it out to our audience and let you get some shine, some free promotion, you know what I'm saying? Leverage network, dawg, network. And what else we're going to add to it? We're going to add some YouTube stingers there so you can have your subscribe now and all this. You ain't got to pay for it. You just pay one time for the Nine and Five Killer Pack. You know what I'm saying? You can use those subscribers, put them together with the music that we're going to give you. Make you some no-face Cash Cow videos. Make you some money, man. And plus, there's 100 plus, you know what I'm saying? You'll see if you want more information below. But definitely, if you're a music artist, have you some other things to distribute and monetize besides just the music? And in my humble opinion, make it something digital, something where your cost to create it is very low, but your returns can be infinite. Infinite, all right? So yeah, that's it. Those are the four products that made Jay-Z millions. Yeah, what do you think about it? I'm waiting here for you. Easy.


The following is a presentation of TFNN The Trader's Edge with Steve Rhodes All now toll free at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> The Trader's Edge Now Steve Rhodes Good afternoon from TFNN Welcome to the April 17th, the wonderful Wednesday edition of today's Trader's Edge show I'm your host D.B. Perseverance Rhodes Who absolutely knows that each of us should always be pioneers of our future versus prisoners of our past Hope everyone out there is having a great day Let's make sure we have an extraordinary one And of course the easiest way to do that It's to always remember that life is happening For us, not to us That's right when you and I make that one little two by four shift It means we can find the gift in every set of circumstance that life is going to toss at us Today you and I, we get to go check on the circumstance of these markets We get to go figure out what the bulls and the bears, what those buyers and sellers are communicating To you and I, just past one o'clock in the afternoon I want you to know that I'm absolutely grateful for your presence here But most importantly, I'm here to serve you So feel free to pick up that phone You can dial on in at<PHONE_NUMBER> If you can't dial in, you can always send me an email Steve at TFNN.com Inside the subject heading, please put radio show question And in the Tiger's Den, well any ping it will do So let's go ahead and get this show started on wonderful Wednesday Of course this is Tiger Financial News Network I'm Steve Rhodes, welcome to Let's show right now the Dow trading up 7 points 26,459 S&P's up 4 NASDAQ up 28 Russell down 14 That's the big loser to the downside Up nearly 1% The semis are the big Semis and transports kind of neck and neck Each up 1.25% 19 and 138 points respectively So we've got a mixed market to say the least Gold's off a buck 40 Silver's up a penny Lightning crude is down 9 cents Leading the charge the upside it is domino's pizza DPZ up 4% Up 11 bucks Google's up 8 Qualcomm is up 7 We're going to start there because one of our listeners Larry T LT is what we're going to call him He's fortunate enough to be long Qualcomm And was just simply asking for potential price projections And I'm a swing trader by considering holding long term From Eden Prairie, Minnesota out there So let's go take a look at Qualcomm And so you mentioned long term So let's take a look at the long term chart And see what it says That's like at the monthly timeframe So Larry here's what you know Here's what we know Here's what traders know The last time that Qualcomm had resistance It was up here in July of 2014 July of 2014 Was actually a key reversal session out here That meant that the prior months high and low Was exceeded And that the price closed in the opposite direction Of the trend out there 81.97 Let me just make sure I grab the right 81.97 is it Now if you take a look at the high so far today The high is 82.52 So this is a classic 100% move of a move The question is will price Larry you and I know why price has stopped where it has The question is will it be able to take out those highs Now look Volume metric wise The volume back in July of 2014 Was 218 million It's only April 17th Here are 328 million Chances are even if it doesn't Bus through 81.97 It's going to be retested However What I've added to this chart here The white horizontal lines are your monthly Because it's a monthly chart we're looking at They're your monthly horizontal Your monthly excuse me Taz market profiles But I've also added the quarterly And the quarterly yes The quarterly doesn't end But just try to understand that $78 even Steven And we're at 78.10 As we speak right now Is a real resistance level out there The question really that you're asking for Is can Qualcomm make the larger 100% move of a move Can it get buck Can it get buck or back To 100 buck even Steven out there I don't know the answer to that What I can say is that My goodness you have gotten a nice run A nice gift Winner winner lobster dinner Out here Do I see a topping pattern Per se out here If I look at the daily timeframe No just signs of strength Wide ranging bars Gaps to the upside But at the same point in time LT It has been winner winner lobster dinner If price wasn't sitting there at that resistance Hadn't test 81.97 Maybe we'd have a different call out here But right now Man that was a That's been a nice trade Not saying that you don't want to hold this long term But If it's me I guess you're kind of getting You're kind of getting the gist here Go buy a nice lobster dinner Go get some nice sushi meal Get a great bottle of sake Or Cabernet or just simply Just put the money away out there Here's what you can do right And this is a Obi-Wan Kenobi trick out there Take all your principal off the table Right so go ahead Sell what you've got Get that principal back And let the profits ride If you want to just kind of Think about sticking the drawer And let it ride You know go for it But you're up at a resistance level That is held before No idea if it's going to hold again So hope that helps you out And that was with That was for Qualcomm out here I see that Chris B writes in Chris writes in And he's long SRCI So we want to go ahead And type in SRCI See what the heck that is We'll do the same thing Take a look at its three different Timeframes for daily, weekly, monthly profiles But let's finish reading Chris's question So he said he's long Bought what you bought today Okay and looking at the chart It has made a nice bottom On February 1st Okay I could see the nice bottom Out there How high do you think this can go? A Calculate to 0.382 retracement $7.50 Do you think you can go higher Like the 9 to 1140 Or even 13 Buccarooni Area out here Well here's what we know right now Chris just looking at these charts Is that price is above The daily and the weekly profiles Out here So that looks pretty good Because once you're above that resistance And I don't have a new profile out here To provide to you Just with regard to your figures It's not that I'm going to ignore your email Out here I'm just going to open up the chart Then your question was I think one of your questions was You know how high can this head to So the next level There's really kind of I'll give you the range The next level of resistance out here Now we haven't gone to Take a look at my other charts And try to identify Some type of potential Topping pattern We're going to do that here In a moment But as far as Upper threshold price targets That this could be targeting Are these swing points in the 8.83 to 9.25 level out there And I know you had mentioned 9 So that kind of qualifies 11.40 I think we're going back even further We've got to take this One step at a time out here Am I concerned about today's candle No I'm not It's not a bearish candle Not just yet It could be dependent on the close But let's go ahead And pull over SRCI Let's get the current date out here And oh I didn't I I guess I missed yesterday's candle So yesterday's candle out here Was a bearish reversal signal With price moving higher Doing less relative energy out there And today was a test of that high That's the shooting star candle And it just says okay caution Will Robinson you could see a pullback In other words today Probably wasn't the right day To buy it Did price make a nice bottom Back in February after retested A prior low after retested That Tommy DeMark set up trend line Yes it did But right now it's very possible That SRCI is going to pull back And at least test TV's green line At 613 See roads with TFNN We'll be right back The Taz Profile Scanner Is the most revolutionary piece Of trading software that you will ever try Wouldn't you like to approach the markets With confidence As you begin your trading day It's likely that you'll be faced With lots of decisions In order to make the best decision The first thing you'll need is a strategy That will help you minimize your risks Whether we're in a bull or bear market A good strategy is to have the tools needed To help you scan and analyze the markets Before you trade The Taz Profile Scanner Instantly scans and filters Over 2,500 global financial markets Such as stocks, ETFs Commodity futures and forex Headed by Steve Dahl, president Of Taz Market Profile The Taz Profile Scanner understands That in today's technological world The use of top-flight software applications Automated trading algorithms And technical analysis expertise Is essential to successful trading In today's market Whether you're looking at the trade matrix The ETF heat grid The market breadth The 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community Where professional traders and investors can meet Exchange ideas and information In a comfortable, moderated atmosphere Hear all of the TFNN shows Plus, see all of the charts as they happen live And have access to archives of all of those charts You can test drive The Tiger's Den Absolutely free for 30 days And greatly enrich your knowledge of these markets And how to make your money work for you Details on The Tiger's Den Are on the front page of TFNN.com TFNN has launched our brand new website You can still visit us at the same TFNN.com URL But when you do, you'll see a new and improved homepage With a much simpler navigation Whether you're watching Tiger TV live In high definition Or just accessing your newsletter subscriptions We even have new pricing in six months And yearly options Check out the new TFNN.com now And experience all the upgrades TFNN.com Educating investors Call now Toll free at 1-877-927-6648 Internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> Now folks, the next question that came in From The Tiger's Den Is coming in from Mr. Z Question is this move lower in IYR IYR is the real estate sector With inside the S&P 500 Is it a sign of a top in place As you see it Now are you referring to just simply IYR it is Z Or you're referring to a top in place With regard to the S&P 500 And its correlation To the S&P leading indicator I'm not sure, I don't want to over read it But Just a top in the IYR Okay, so let's go take a look at that Possibility, so let's begin By taking a look at, since that's the ETF The real estate sector represents About 3% give or take I know it's in that range Out there with inside the S&P 500 Here's what we know right now Just in looking at market profile Information, let me just expand out On the daily time frame And the pullback so far Over the last couple of days Again, it's a daily time frame we're looking at Has pulled back to One possible support level That possible support level is the top of its Daily profile which it had broken Above back on March the 11th Old resistance Becomes new support And that level is 84-86 What we can see here Is the only test of the top of the profile It has not gotten down to the bottom Or close below the bottom It would be easier for me to say to you That this would be a clear change in trend If we had a close below the bottom Of that daily profile Now that's obviously a bit of a lagging indicator But you're asking me to Answer the question Is the top in place as we see it Not as of April 17th Because as of April 17th At 1.20 in the afternoon Price just simply pulled back To test A key level of support After making a 52-week high Three days ago So that's what that says Now let's look at the daily time frame chart With Stevie's other tools And take a look at the high that it did make Or how did it make that high Let me get my crosshair out here My crosshair says specifically When this little doji candle formed Out here on April 12th Price is moving higher to a less relative energy Out there. We've had a couple of bearish Reversal signals up in this area Here towards its all time Or its 52-week high I should say Maybe at the all time high as well But we can see that the bears have shown up Strength The relative strength it's gotten weaker And you got that Our cloud cover, it's a bearish reversal signal Back here on April 16th And it's moved lower and so far at this stage If we just looked at this Price has pulled back to a level of support Now I don't have the market profiles on here What I do have on this chart here Is the Tommy DeMark set up trend count And the next level of support for it Or its level of support I should say Is 82-98 82-98 Where's 82-98? It's pretty close to 83-65 It's fairly close out there I believe you would have to see So you got the topping signal in place By topping signal I mean That you're going to see some type of retracement Could extend to be more than that No doubt about it But right now no levels of No key levels of support Have actually broken inside the real estate sector However What we can see as we speak right now And the week is not over We have one more trading day that is tomorrow On the top of the weekly profile That's 85-33 So come tomorrow I'd watch to see You know its price above 84-86 Really I'd say 85-33 would be the more clear Signal if it was If it is above that Then we don't have a We don't have a conviction signal That's just some term I made up there If it's below 84-86 So it's back inside the box We had an 82-dollar figure We got 83-65 And the bottom of the weekly would be 82-11 And that would say that price would actually Pull back there now on a monthly basis And the month is not over It ain't over till it's over Well we can see the last few times The price has been up in this area here We can see that The price has been moving higher Doing less relative energy on a monthly basis You've got bearish reversal candles We don't know if this will be a monthly Bearish reversal signal That it is a top Is it a major top I just need to see a level of support Broken Really similar so here's the IYR That you and I have been taking a look at Okay we do have a caller on the line So Mr. Z that's what I see I'll segue that into the EES Mini After we go to our next caller That's on the line and that is Ron in Denver Ron thanks for calling Kathleen how are you Very nice Steve and thank you for that Information on Qualcomm because I did At a hundred shares I bought about three years ago And they went through that Buyout deal and I missed it And it came back down so I will Take your advice and get out now Yeah I mean it could go higher Just kind of we look at the charts We say hey you know this thing is One it's had obviously great run In the last 20-48 hours And it's up in a place where there Is a lot of resistance You know Yeah I agree I'm going to Take my profits and run on that That's a long term usually A lot longer term and I usually hold I'd like to mention one stock that I Am buying today and why And I'd like to get your thoughts on it And that's a Rampco I'm not a Rampco and tarot Resources that they are Okay go ahead They say they initiated a dividend And they're going to effort 0.3025 And it goes to stockholders record On 426 So you go back about four days I guess For X dividend date but that's a good dividend If they maintain that for the quarterly Over the year And then there's some insider buying And so I thought This would be to me I think a good long term For me a good long term buy And I just want to watch your thoughts So you need some insiders to buy a bit more So give them a call would you You can find them on the internet Somewhere in there I saw Insider buy I don't know how much it was Sure sure sure sure When it made a bottom back here on March the 12th it was moving lower With less relative energy there's a daily Time frame this thing gapped up on The following day that's your bullish Reversal signal here And so it shows you that It is trying to form a bottom But really ever since then about five Days after that it has just been trading Sideways it has not really been able To take out on this chart here Any clear levels of resistance Now if we come back and we take Look at this daily time frame And we take a look at it's TAS market Profiles on the daily basis there's No clear level of resistance that it has Taken out 905 which is the center Of the box out there run Is a is an area Because this is a bare structured box Where sellers are lined up in addition To those at the 941 level But 905 is actually held as resistance Here look you have a You can you can see some rising Bottoms out here You can see some rising top so it's Not as if I'm seeing a A sign here that says You know you need to exit or anything But price We did what it doesn't really have That you would love to see Is a sign of strength off of The bottom some type of Wide price spread and accelerated volume Doesn't have that doesn't mean it won't Get it but it's trading Below the weekly resistance level That's 928 so as you Stay within this as long As price continues to move Higher you know you've got 905 to look at you have 928 to look at and you also Have 941 unless the profiles Change so Again I don't see a reason for Me to say hey bad move Okay well I'm I got in for the dividend and we'll see What happens over time if people Like that you know it's better See how solid that dividend is Sounds great thanks for calling That was Ron in Denver that was Antero Resources AR we'll be right back I'm certain you are Or strive to be one of the best Of the best at everything you do in life It's the most common trade that we Tigers and Tigers 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think or swim banner on the front Page of tfnn.com Welcome back folks Let's go on to our next request Out here this is from Ruby inside The Tiger's Den who wants to take a look At Palladium and Platinum The chart that I have up on my screen If you're watching us on Tiger TV Or like oh where's price Turn price off at this date specifically For Ruby is because There's a brand new TAS market profile That formed today and by daily I'm referring to the blue horizontal lines Out here so Ruby what I want you to be Aware of is that this was a bullish Structured profile the bottom was 1330 The center was 1342 And the top is 1371 50 now Ruby Is long let me turn price back On what you're going to see is that price Is trading above the top of the daily Which is 1371 50 we talked about that It's trading at 1379 20 so that is a Nice bullish message here You'd love to see this close above 1371 50 today if it does so Then that Is the first close above The top of a profile For you know Several weeks out here and so That would say okay changing trend In fact may have occurred inside A plating now the next move for it Assuming that it stays above the Top of that profile would be the bottom Of the weekly profile the bottom of the weekly Box is 1438 so 1379 I would say that is Your next Target area Inside of palladium on the 60 the 120 the 240 minute time frame Charged nothing out there to really Make you aware of we take a look at Platinum out here Let's go see what its message is And we're primarily right now just looking At the daily so in the daily Time frame what we can see is that Price is above both the daily And the weekly but we've seen Price pull back out here so the Question becomes what Happened let me see if I can I may have to pull up on my other charts The Continuous contract but that's okay It'll at least give us The patterns or the potential Patterns just trying to find That right now do I have I do Not only got April of 2019 And I know that is not the current contract So let's put up the Let's put up the continuous Contract and try to figure out Ruby what happened up at that High if we can if we can find anything So here we go with this chart now we Know you and I know that when Instruments make highs or lows Regardless of the time frame regardless Of the instrument it typically Does so with a handful of patterns one Patterns is the Rhodes momentum Indicator signal and What Ruby or what platinum generated Out here on April 9th was a Confirmed At least short term top You got that and then price the next Target so the first target here was It's a Stevie Green line a Soslater and change line and a few Days ago we got a close below That level on April the 15th Right now it appears to be doing A time to mark set up a nine Here although we don't know that We're only in day four we can't Label today's We can't we can't generate a label Today until the end of the session Is done but it does look like what Platinum wants to do because of that Top is pulled back to another Level of support so once it gets Below Stevie's green line in this Case here we can go to the Tas market profiles so that's Going to be there a 74 40 or 865 20 as a target the 10 So that's what I see when I take Look at the daily time frame charts Here for platinum and I hope that That helps you out so Thanks for writing in much Appreciated we've got some other Questions out here as well was There any in the Tigers den it so Easy for me to overlook those I Don't think there was I think I've gotten everything out of the Den but I take that back and Because let me take care of these Other questions and I'll come back To the ES many both for Peter And for for for for Jay and You know I've got this this kind Of very advanced warning Indicator tool that I use to Identify if a new profile is Trying to form an 11 o'clock There was a new one Jay that Was trying to form inside the ES many we're going to use That with regard to today's Close and the importance of That we'll get we'll get to that Let me get to like John F. Here in Sarasota he writes in And John wants to know do I Stay with Mercado Libre M E L I is the ticker symbol Out here and M E L I let's Go take a look see what it's Doing so John it's a You know it's trading above It's trading with inside its Daily profile no problem there The problem would come if you Saw a close below 481 78 No big deal here You know the big deal would be A close below 481 78 would Bring you to the 476 Or the 425 level That's not our call just yet If we bring over our other chart Where we can really see the Topping signals out here was on The trading session of April 12 So price had been moving higher It would been doing it with less Relative energy but the bearish Reversal candle and Mercado Libre The green line 523 36 Says more of a retracement Could be or should be An order so what you're gonna I would say I don't know where You're in from and you say Stay with it you know if you've Been in this for a long time You had such a sign of strength Out here on the February 27th I would want to see this break Support and right now that would Mean a close below 481 78 Before you got out price You know there were some Topping signals that you and I Had looked at on that other Daily chart out there but that's What I see when I take a look at Mercado Libre you were also Asking about ticker symbol I O N S which is a pharmaceutical Company here and that has had A huge sell off today as has The entire healthcare sector And many others so if the Question is you know should You stay in this equity out I do not like what you saw today Now the question becomes this Thing had a breakout Let's go identify where that Breakout is we'll put some yellow Lines out here you're going to see The top of the breakout that Wide price spread accelerated Volume was at 72 20 even Though the breakout day was February 27th and the low There was well I don't know What it was let me tell you What it was the low there was The high as a place where this to Me that's where the breakout Really began at the 5698 So as long as below 72 20 Going back to 5698 Is in the cards at 5677 pretty darn close There that's the top of the Weekly profile 6092 Is the top of the monthly so I O N S It formed a top just like we Looked at so rose momentum Indicator topping signal that 10th out here that's when that bear Sash candle we've seen several Bearish reversal signals protecting The highs it just tells you John That sellers are hanging out there What you can do if you're in this Is wait for a see if this closes Today before so last bastion Of hope out there Is that Tommy DeMark set up Trendline that began on the Trading session the low of March The 12 that low was 71 bucks Even Steven if that gives Pulling back further And we have the price targets Whether it gets those price targets or not I can't say so you've got your last bastion Of hope out there I will also Say this could be a longer term Pull back a longer term top and The reason is because it looks like The month of April will be The nine count of The longer term Tommy DeMark Set up a nine count pattern That is out there so I would just be careful inside Of this specific stock probably The entire sector until we see Some type of decent bottoming Pattern out there So John thanks for writing in When we get back we'll take a look at We'll go take a look at that ES mini Then we'll get to Brent In California Earl And it looks like gas buddy I don't know who gas buddy is But we'll be right back If you're in the CD market And looking for a secure investment Which program may work for you The security for these first mortgages Are building lots in the tax opportunity zone In St. Petersburg, Florida The tax act of 2018 set up tax free zones Across the country where you can build and hold for 10 years And pay no tax on the profits Which makes these lots valuable The investment is anywhere from 30,000 to 75,000 The interest paid is 7% yearly Paid on a monthly basis According to bankrate.com The best rate for a four year CD in the country As of February 20th is 3.1% The investment at a normal four year CD rate Of 3.1% would give you income Of $1,550 per year Or $6,200 over the four year period That same $50,000 investment In the Tiger First Mortgage Program Would give you $3,500 per year Or $14,000 over the four years What should you prefer? $6,200 or $14,000 of interest on your investment If you'd like more information About the Tiger First Mortgage Program You can call me at<PHONE_NUMBER> That's<PHONE_NUMBER> If you haven't checked out The newsletters page of TFNN.com What are you waiting for? All of the TFNN newsletters Are informative, up to date, affordable And a must have for every trader Looking to gain a competitive Informational edge in today's markets TFNN newsletters cover Every aspect of the markets To offer you the very latest in market news Plus, new subscribers Get to test drive our newsletters Wrist free for 30 days From all aspects of the markets Including stocks, bonds, metals Commodities and tech There's a newsletter to fit your needs Exclusively from TFNN Stay informed Each day you trade and get the competitive edge That will help you stay ahead of the game Visit our newsletters page By going to TFNN.com And click the newsletters button Near the top of the page TFNN.com Educating investors Biotech is booming But for how long? Whether you think the biotech bull has room to run Or has run its course Trade L-A-B-U Or L-A-B-D Directions daily S&P Biotech Three times, bull and bear ETFs Visit DirectionInvestments.com Slash Biotech Today An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges And expenses of the direction shares carefully Before investing The funds and summary perspectives contain this And other information about direction shares To obtain a prospectus or summary prospectus Please contact Direction Shares at<PHONE_NUMBER> The prospectus or summary prospectus Should be read carefully before investing An investment in the funds is subject to risk Including the possible loss of principal The funds are designed to be utilized only by Sophisticated investors such as traders And active investors Distributor Foreside Fund Services, LLC Don't forget, you can listen to TFNN live on your mobile device 24 hours per day Go to TFNN.com Then hit Watch Tiger TV That's TFNN.com Then hit Watch Tiger TV For the latest market information Welcome back folks Okay, Spanky and our gang Let's go take a look at the EES Mini out here Now, we've got the June contract up on our chart Again, I don't have price because I want to be able to more easily Which is a terrible grammar out there I wanted you to be able to see more clearly The new profile that is formed out there I can't eliminate the prior ones There's probably a way I just don't know how to do it And we're not going to worry about doing it But you can see here, Jay, now I can't guarantee That this is a profile That is going to cement itself But right now it's trying to form And the new daily profile Pretty much neutral in nature Meaning the center at 2900 Is pretty much in the center because the top is 2918 and the bottom is 2881 88, but really 75 So 2881 is the number that we'll use out here Now go ahead and put price back on And the reason why this is important Is if you take a look at the bar Today's bar, what you'll notice is that Yesterday's high was pierced And yesterday's low was pierced And that sets up the potential For a key reversal session In other words, a top Now, is that important? Well, if we take a look at the EES Mini We just took a look at several charts That show topping signals Using that rose momentum indicator Pattern out there And that is in play as we speak right now So as long as the EES Mini Closes one tick in the lower direction One tick, that's all 0.25 It would confirm a It would confirm a key reversal session Now, a key reversal session is coming At an extension The extensions here, we've got an A to B Equal CD to the upside, nearly hit Not exactly, but 0.29 We've got wave number 7 That's letter G, we've got price moving higher Doing less relative energy, so you've got 3 Take out 3 Potential topping signals With the potential of a Topping candle today I won't know till the day's end You won't know till the day's end out there So you've got to wait Now, what we can also see is On this chart here, it's not going to pick up What we've looked at 2,900 happens to be It's the old profile, it's the old top of the box In essence, that's what's been tested How are we going to know if there's been a change in trend? Similar to like our discussion Here when we take a look at the IYR The real estate sector We really don't know if there's a change in trend I mean, you can look at the CES Mini You can see that the bottom of every profile Has held, even though it's been tested It was tested, for example, in March March 8, 2019 Of course, 2019 March 25, March 27 March 28 Each time People might have been thinking This is great, the bears are finally in charge No Bears can't be in charge Until they actually break through support Think of it like a football game Offense and defense Right now, the offense Is still in place here Until they create the fumble There's a close below Right now, 2881 Would be the number And so that's a kind of a beautiful thing Because otherwise we would have had to have waited From a daily profile If this profile formed since 2860-13 To know whether or not That is in fact the case out there So, Jay, Peter I hope that helps you out We'll have to come back and take a look at this Manana to see if in fact This is a profile that in fact Holds up and forms today No new profiles In the other contracts out here We've got the Dow Equity Futures contract That continues to run into resistance At the top of its box Which is 26509 Doesn't mean it's bearish And if we look at the Dow Equity Futures contract Out here We don't have a key reversal session We just actually have an inside day And neither the high or low was tested yesterday But if we did get a bearish close Today, bearish candle could easily Take place That could indicate atop Because this too price has been moving higher Doing less relative energy Only in wave number 4 To the upside out here So that's the Dow, so that has potential But in the case of the Dow versus the S-mini It's got a lot longer to go To the downside before it tests support Which is 2607 In the case of the NQ The NQ just continues to motor So it's motoring higher It's doing less relative energy But it's trading above Stevie's green line There's no reason for this Not to, at least as of 1.46 in the afternoon Not to move up to its price projection Target of say to be equal CD Which is in the 78.55 level That's the call until The market communicates Something else to you And I So in essence there are your equity futures contracts That's what Stevie sees Now with regard to the Strength or weakness in the market We can just take a quick peek in On the New York Stock Exchange We are going to see that it's faltering a tad Meaning that simply it's advanced To client oscillator reading that its panel too Reads minus 21 in change right now If you're watching this on Tiger TV It is below zero, minus 21 obviously below zero If not obvious it is now Obvious it And if we take a look at what does that mean Jelly bean This is the jelly bean time of the year out here And I will Tell you it doesn't mean anything today Unless there is follow-through tomorrow And it doesn't really mean a lot at 147 It really means more When we get to the four o'clock Bell out there But it is showing some weakness Is it major weakness? It is not major weakness Why? Because if you look at the bottom panel The screen what we can see is It's about volatility, it's 50 day Exponential moving average price It's about $1.9 Or it's $2.53 Quite a ways away from that Just as a double check out there That we would just go peek in on the HYG Just to see how it is holding out Just one of those high yield Corporate bond funds It is moving lower as the HYG Generated any kind of a top That's really the question out there Because what this can do Oh no it hasn't No it hasn't, it hasn't Over, so right now I've got to go with Kind of a neutral call With regard to HYG So let's go see what Brent in Martinez, California Wanted to look at, he said Could we take a gander I like that, we'll take a gander At TGB Looks like it may be getting Above an area of resistance Has had nice volume in the last few days And you're welcome Brent out there and best to you also So Tesico Mines is TGB Out here And so Brent is certainly right Volume over the last four days I looked quickly to see if I could Find some news that was behind this I didn't see it, maybe there's some news Maybe there isn't, but you can see The volume breakout that Brent Is referring to out here And in fact from a volume breakout standpoint This would be a confirmed A to B equal CD I think the low is approximately The December 31st level February 27th, I may not have this Exact, but it's going to be close enough I think for our Move out here And this would suggest Brent 84 cents 92 cents, those are A to B Equal CD targets, we've got The confirmation, but before We leave it there, this is The daily timeframe chart And I think it would be incumbent upon you and I to look at Other charts out here such as the weekly Now in the case of the weekly You can see that this is traded up into resistance That's the top of the weekly profile 76 cents, we're trading at 77 cents right now So from a weekly standpoint And there has not been a close above the top Of a weekly profile And what seems like forever And forever takes us back into January of 2018 That's pretty close to forever From a trading standpoint I think you want to see How to say go mines closes at the end Of the week out here If it closes back below 76 cents Resistance is held And I'll tell you what, during the breakout here I'm going to pull up to say go mines I'm going to say Brent Because I know we've got something else to look at out here That's the resistance Love me, you need to see a close above Come tomorrow, if you're ready Since 1984 Basil Chapman has been using The Chapman wave methodology to advise Traders of his expert market opinion While originally hand drawing charts From the late 1970s into the 1980s Basil noticed that prices Under most circumstances virtually always Had a certain number of legs to the upside Before declining sharply Later Basil found that computer software Which included the standard market technical indicators Enhanced the degree of accuracy In calling price turns As well as market trend calls Thus was born the Chapman wave sequence Using the Chapman wave methodology Along with other indicators Basil Chapman advises his subscribers Of his expert market opinion Each market day with his opening call newsletter Right now you can get a two week free trial To the opening call Basil's daily trading newsletter By visiting the front page of TFNN.com Cancel at any time during that trial And pay absolutely nothing Get your two week free trial To Basil's newsletter, the opening call today By visiting TFNN.com It's amazing to think that Tom O'Brien Started his weekly gold report 19 years ago with the first issue Published April 7, 2002 When gold was trading at under $300 per ounce Gold peaked at more than $1,900 In 2011 and after spending Many years consolidating at lower prices Gold may be poised for its next big run Tom O'Brien publishes his weekly Gold report every Monday morning For subscribers consisting of coverage Of the XAU, HUI, GDX, The Dollar, Bonds, South African Rand As well as 25 different Mining equities with specific Buy, sell recommendations As of April 1st of this year The gold report currently has 8 active positions With an average unrealized profit Of almost 8% for each open trade New subscribers get a 30 day Money back guarantee So you have nothing to risk For all the details and to start Your gold report subscription today Visit the front page of TFNN.com Don't let gold's next big run Pass you by, sign up today You know what's cool? 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Something specifically formulated To help with weight loss, better sleep Stress reduction and the need to detox Nicar, hunter and gatherer ancestors Found all their nutritional requirements For health and their wild environment But today our food sources no longer contain The vitamins, minerals and nutrients Our bodies need to stay healthy and strong That's why we need primal edge daily nutrition It includes a special blend of ionic Soil based vitamins, minerals, Badi and amino acids To use liquid form Primal edge is powered by highly concentrated Fulvic and humic acids Nature's preferred delivery system They've been called miracle molecules Because, like sunlight, air and water Life cannot exist without them That's right Paige, they ensure We receive all the nutrition we need To be healthy and thrive We take it every morning Primal edge, formulated and approved by Nico and Paige of living a primal lifestyle Buy it today for just $89 On the front page of TFNN.com This is David White Stay tuned because coming up next Is the power trading hour Right here on TFNN Welcome back folks Let's finish out the show here By taking a look at the NDX100 The QQQ series The TQQQ as Earl writes in And Earl, with regard to your question Which is, hey, the Q's hit a new all time high today But the TQQQ Didn't, you know, does that mean The TQQQQQQQQQQQQQ Prices at a new high I would say the way that you need to trade The triples and so forth because of the way That they rebalance each day You just have to trade The TQQ off of Either the NQ Or the NDX100 Or the QQQ series But here's what we do know Thank you for bringing it to the light Here's what we know right now And we've talked about 100% moves of a move I mean, that can be where Unequity Simply tires out, tops out and so forth Well, in the case of the NDX100 Which is what's up on the screen right now You're going to see two numbers out here 7691 and 7700 Those are two previous swing point highs Those going back into the trading session Of August 30th And October the 1st Out here, we can see it's been tested We can see prices moving below That top Volume-wise out here Let's check in on the QQQ series ETF Let me see if I can open up the volume Metric here real quickly Before we have to get off air Here we go, so volume-wise back there In the Qs, it was 27 million shares You're at 17 And it was 29 million shares You're at 17, so it looks to me like Prices moving up with pretty decent volume Again, the NQ The best I can say is at this stage here Hey, prices moving higher Doing less relative energy Here in the back of your neck should stand up a bit It's not a signal that says You've got a jettison in your long trade If that's what you're in and I'm assuming you are The NQ could easily target 7855 out there If at the end of today We get some type of bearish reversal signal That would be a different piece Of information, we just have to wait What's the information at 156 in the afternoon? Yep, you've made 100% move-a-move Gotta be careful Wait to see if there's a bearish reversal signal If not, volume-wise Looks like it's pushing higher with volume Hey, folks, thanks so much for being here Stay tuned! David White is up next Your favorite polar bear I'll be back with you tomorrow Have a terrific Wednesday


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Okay, let's talk a little bit more about spin-orbit interaction, then we'll try to sweep everything and come to databases. So you remember that we had that ion charge scaling that tells us that you increase charge and your energies kind of increase as well. Spin orbit actually depends on the nuclear charge. If you look at neutral atoms, just going from lower nuclear charge to higher nuclear charge, you will see increase in the spin orbit splitting. So what's here is again kind of rescaled structure for configuration NS and P for different ends. So this is 2S2P for neutral beryllium, 3S3P for neutral magnesium, and so on and so forth, ending here with neutral mercury with configuration 6S6P. So again, at low end we have pure LS coupling and so we cannot even resolve the triplet P0 triplet P1 triplet P2 here, but for neutral mercury we resolve them very nicely and if we apply that semi-theoretical and the formula that I mentioned at the beginning, you will see that it gives you values for spin orbit splitting of this size which more or less agrees with the measured values. Now here's the question. This is neutral mercury. Can we find any lines of neutral mercury around us in the nature? Yes? Yes. The answer is yes we can. All these lamps have neutral mercury and if you use this direction vision spectrometer and look you will see a very nice blue line at 435 nanometers. You can look and then give it, you don't want. Try to look up and you actually, there are two lamps at the back that have just continued. No, you have, okay let me show you what to do. So there is a split here on this side that you can make smaller and bigger and you look this side and you can change focus but pulling and pushing it and if you look upstairs you will see a very nice wonderful spectrum that comes from the fluorescent lamp and the line, the blue line all the way to the left if you look this side would be mercury one. Okay now if you take this same direct vision spectroscope outside and look not at the sun of course but just direction of the sky you will see a wonderful continuous spectrum with dark lines which are known to be the absorption lines in solar atmosphere and these lines are called Fraunhofer absorption lines discovered by Fraunhofer in German inside it's long on the go and this is postal stamp and one of the most famous lines in the spectrum is the doublet of two lines in neutral sodium. This is called D-doublet because simply Fraunhofer named them A, B, C, D and D fells here and these are two very close lines. They come from the 3S 3P transition in neutral sodium and 3P has very small spin orbit split and therefore two lines are very close 5890 angstrom 5896 angstrom so they're really close. Now again you go along isoelectronic sequence and this relative split in between 3P one half and 3P three halves increases dramatically so that at high nuclear on the order of 80 the difference between 3S and 3P one half is four times smaller than difference between 3S and 3P three halves and this is something that we measure in our experiments if we try to look at the same D-doublet in sodium like high Z ions for instance of tungsten other heavy elements you will immediately find that one D line is around eight nanometers and this is the line in the middle here here here and here the other D line sits all the way back to shorter wavelengths around approximately two nanometers the same factor of four that that we expect. Now in addition to LS and JJ Coughlin there are other types of Coughlin when neither electron electron nor spin orbit interactions are much stronger and one of this thing is called Jake K. Coughlin normally excited states in neutral noble cases are described by this type of coupling so you take one electron from the fully closed P6 shell and bring it up. Now it turns out that the hole in NP6 and of course we know that if you have a closed shell and take one electron out the remaining hole behaves like an electron has the same quantum numbers so this hole has very strong spin orbit interaction and therefore it characterized immediately by the total J value that for P electron can only be one half or three halves. Then to get your final total angular total angular momentum value you have to sum up this J value with the orbital momentum of this excited valence electron into the new number which is called K and then finally to take K and add the remaining unaccounted for angle momentum which is spin of this outermost electron S to get the total angle momentum and this type of coupling is very clearly seen in neutral noble cases and some other systems as well. Now a few words about super configurations we remember we started with a picture of average atom that becomes more and more detailed and on the way one of the options to build your collisional relative model upon is to use super configurations so we know what configurations are 2P5, 3S, 2P5, 3P and so on and so forth. Now in multi-electron ions especially in in dense plasma through you have to include many many excitations that are important for the total population kinetics the number of configurations not even speaking about number of level becomes extremely higher and in that case it may be beneficial to use this more general combined representation of super configurations which basically corresponds to the case when you instead of using detailed description for each of these configurations represent them by one super configuration where you simply say that you have two electrons with n equals one then seven electrons in n equals two without specifying how these electrons are distributed how many are in 2S how many are in 2P and one electron in n equals three so you replace this six with just one which makes your model much more easy to work with of course you lose some detail but there are statistical methods that were developed specifically to derive spectra from super configuration approach and by the way two of the codes that you will learn over this week fly check and critter are heavily based on super configuration approach now here is an example of why super configurations are not bad at all this example of calculation of photo absorption cross-section in in summands of gallium at relatively high temperature now the upper spectrum is determined in collision-vehicle model that is typically called detailed detailed level accounting which means that you build your model in terms of level and you see really you have thousands and thousands of lines here this is the result of the same type of calculation performed with super configuration simply it shifted so you can see the difference but it more or less goes over the detailed spectrum and of course the computational efforts doing super configuration calculations is I wouldn't say infinitely smaller than this one but literally orders of magnitude and I think you will show you this a few words about ionization potentials importance of ionization potentials is related to the fact that they are directly connected with ionization distributions in plasmas and therefore it's always good to know whether we can easily determine what the ionization potentials are and whether we do this correctly so in general ionization potentials is an ionization potential obviously it's calculated we take one electron and bring it high and high to high and high ends and we know already from scaling that all this should scale like z squared with z spectroscopic charge what you see here is the data for ionization potentials of nil-like ions with the ground state 2p6 and the red dotted dashed line is the result of the feed with the leading term z squared so you see it really nicely agrees now the blue points from our database in this range were determined from the experiment and you can do it for low charge ions then these numbers were determined from interpolation or extrapolation and the highest were determined from theory because basically there is no experimental data whatsoever to try to get but nonetheless you see everything changes very smoothly and nicely goes like z squared and you can use this information to calculate or determine ionization potential now unfortunately sometimes even theorists can forget some peculiarities for this type of calculation so this is a table from a paper that was published in 2004 big paper that contains ionization potentials for all ions of all atoms and unfortunately most of this data in that paper is incorrect simply because the authors didn't probably forgot about the fact that with higher z everything becomes more and more hydrogenic now let's let's look actually what what happened so if we look at this nice table this is an isochronic sequence this is range of nuclear charges and this is the configuration that was used to describe this particular ion all these results are incorrect and why they are incorrect we can easily see on the example of xenon like isochronic sequence so the neutral xenon is a noble gas very stable atom that has ion structure which is 4010 5s squared 5p6 closed shell d closed shell 5s closed shell 5p and this is what the authors use for all ions of the isochronic sequence but we remember that you go to higher z 4f may become more preferential the 5 and this is what happens for z this is exactly what happened here and when you take your ion charge to higher and higher values xenon like ion becomes more and more 4010 4f8 instead of 5s 2 5p6 which simply means that unfortunately all those results were incorrect once again ionization potential scale z squared but don't forget to think what the actual ground state can be now in a plasma ionization potential is actually a function of plasma condition high line states excited states are no longer bound because of interaction with the atoms ions and electrons in plasmas now let's take a simple example let's take neutral hydrogen if neutral hydrogen atom sits here where will be electron with n 300 000 well we can calculate the orbit radius goes approximately as boron radius times n squared so take n 300 000 make it square and you will see that this electron will see it somewhere there around four and a half meters and of course you understand that even in the in the air there are so many particles in between that electrons at four and a half meters knows nothing about the nucleus even more so in plasma where you have charged particles flying around you take your electron higher and higher further and further away from your nucleus it gets screened by particles in plasma and even potential for the particles sitting next to this particular nucleus changes as well so if we look at isolated atom again this is just one over x potential for neutral hydrogen we have lower state at one readberg n equals two three four so on so forth and then continuum and if we put another hydrogen atom nearby let's say we put another one atom here at at three another one minus three certainly the total potential that electron sitting here sees is not only potential related to the to its original nucleus it will also feel the other nucleus nearby and therefore potential becomes like this red curve which means that if we had these states from n three and four bound in the first case and this is the potential now these these states sit above the top of the potential which means they're now in continuum and then is an effective ionization potential lord to approximately this way and this is called ionization potential depression there are many different formulas how you can determine and it seems that right now in dense plasma physics we do have problem because the results of advanced experiments advanced calculations show some significant mismatch of course even these states here are not completely bound because if the potential bearer is not too wide you may easily have quantum mechanical tunnel and that brings electron from here to here so there is a lot happening in plasmas okay we have approximately 25 minutes so i will try you i will try to show you a few features of the atomic spectra database that we develop at nist you can access it at this address physics that means that gov slash ast extensive list of atomic atomic databases is available at the plasma gate site at weitzman institute there are actually quite a few other collections of basic atomic spectroscopic data vault which is vienna atomic line database primarily for spectroscopic purposes now sits primarily in obsola sweden with mirror in moscow russia there is a spectra w three in russia a chinese atomic and molecular database kianti which is combination of basic atomic data and collision related modeling model for astrophysics corutz databases in the united states ia has some data on atomic structure and so on so forth but probably it's fair to say that on the nist has evaluated and recommended data on atomic structure so let me let me show you a few features of of the database okay so this is the you can you can access from the address that i gave you on the prius page it will redirect you over here right now we have already version five it provides interface to date on spectral lines and energy levels as well as ground states and ionization energies now let's start with general overview of what we actually have so here's link that's called list of spectra no thank you so let's see what we have for energy levels okay now of course this periodic table looks a little bit different from what you have not in terms of elements but in colors and different colors show you how many levels are actually available for one or another element or ion so looking at the elements you see okay this color show that there is between 2000 and 5000 angel levels and the iron group elements are represented the best than molybdenum tungsten and molybdenum tungsten are very much used in magnetic fusion that's why they're so well studied and iron group elements are used everywhere particularly in astrophysics as well neon so again different colors mean different number of levels what you see on the right is the same information but showing you how much is available for each particular ion so there are two axes this axis is the nuclear charge so we go from hydrogen which is z1 to darmstadtium which is z 110 and this axis is ion charge and again different colors tell you how much you have for each ion that corresponds to a small square here let me just make it a little bit bigger okay and a little more okay so if you put your mouse over any square here it will tell you so this is for instance molybdenum 23 22 times ionize has only three levels you move to something like iron 2 it has thousand levels and from here you can directly go to the data for particular ion so if I click somewhere here it brings me to chromium 9 with 49 levels it shows you which is electronic sequence it belongs to in this case itself and then this is the list of levels that we have in the database in some cases we do not have as complete spectroscopic information as we'd like to have for instance we know that because anatomic states characterized by j and parity and all other things are not exact in principle the state can be linear combination of different contributions so for instance a state in helium like ion 1 s2p with j equals 1 has contribution for both triplets and singlet which means we would like certainly to have information about the weight and coefficients from this basis function we don't have them for this particular case but in general in many cases we do so for instance if we go to neutral iron okay it's a long list you see in some cases there is information about contribution of different components so for instance configuration 3d7 for s with term for f for the 3d7 electrons these levels was j equals 4 3 and 2 have small contribution with different 3f term also there is information on the one there factor that is used to calculate split in magnetic field of course in many cases we have information about the source of data and this is very important as well for levels of course you can choose different units again center inverse centimeters electron walls readberg if you want to look just at some part of levels in the ion you can use additional criteria so for instance iron one as you saw has 847 levels in the database if you want to look at one particular configuration you click this button then it gives you the list of available configuration and terms you choose whatever you want and then this is what you get only 12 levels for this particular case okay now here you see examples where you have really really strong interaction between different terms in this case so for instance 3d1 level for this configuration has only 45 percent contribution from real 3d but then it has 35 percent coming from single p and so on so forth and this information is certainly crucial when you try to understand what the radiative probabilities can be now going to the lines again here you can enter different different requests for one ion or a group of ion or for instance all are all possible spectrum within a predefined spectral range so in addition you can choose what kind of data you want to get for instance everything that we have or only data where you have transition probabilities for those spectral lines or only those transitions where we do know upper and lower energy level classifications only those transitions that were actually observed in the experiment we also have some tools that allow you to do diagnostics so for instance let's look at i think it would be something like neon 7 let's see yeah so this example of how this database can be directly used for diagnostics of low density plasma because these calculated results that are therefore diagnostics were calculated with kianti code which is astrophysical code so in this case well let's let's go step one step back so total we have um 661 lines for uh six times ionized neon which is very unlike and few of those lines can be used for diagnostic this calculation was died by uh uh john silik's uh colic or ory feldman from the naval research lab so let's look again at what we have for uh diagnostic five lines in the database have information about how they can be used for density and or temperature diagnostic let's take a look at density here's line at 55 99 47 nanometers if we click on density it shows us how ratio of intensities of this line with another line at 56 2992 depends on electron density and again these calculations were performed for low density cases therefore it doesn't go above 10 to the 16 this axis is log of electron density in centimeter minus 3 and obviously you can use this ratio only in the region where the ratio changes the most so it's it would be good to do analysis between let's say 10 and 10 to the 12 and 10 to the 10th in in electron density similar for temperature but a different line here's ratio of 9733 to 89 52 you see the ratio of intensity of this line changes as a function of electron temperature again this is log in kelvin in this case and if the ratio is one tenths you're here and and so on and so forth but from the beginning this databases where this database was developed as the source of data on uh evaluated and recommended uh energy levels and and spectral lines and you can again choose many many different options to find whatever you need you can get output in vacuum or in standard output which has vacuum below 2000 2000 angstrom 200 nanometers air output with account of air refraction index between 200 2000 and vacuum about above 2000 nanometers you can ask for oscillator strength output or log gf you can use you can get only allowed or only forbidden in addition to general output that contains both allowed and forbidden lines and one of the options that you already saw in my presentation is the grotrain diagram so let's take a look at the grotrain diagram that simply shows everything that we would have for neon seven and all possible transition now this tool uses java interface and therefore you need java install on your computer so what you see here is the whole energy structure for the uh for the seventh for for neon seven uh neon six plus again this is the zero energy corresponding to ground state this is the ionization potential and there may be more than one ionization potential depending on uh which electron you bring up and you see there are states above ionization potential and those are authorized on states that uh chef and fritch will be mentioning tomorrow now the axis here corresponds to different series of levels let me just zoom in so that we will see what happens in here okay so if we zoom in yeah the whole the whole picture becomes better seen now what you have here is 2s square 2s 3s 2s 4s 2s 5s and so on this series corresponds to 2s and p so these levels are 2s 2p 3p and so on so forth each level comes from the database and each connected line corresponds to the spectral line that is in the database if you click on the line let's say this one it highlights in red and you get information about the lower and upper level of the transition so this particular line connects ground state to a squared and here's the quantum numbers 1s zero with energy zero with a level 2p 4d term 1p and j of course equals one which is uh located at this energy here you can get information about the line itself here's the wavelengths ritz wavelengths which is the difference of of energies 6.8 nanometers the uh Einstein transition probability value 2.4 10 to the 9 and uh accuracy of these transition probabilities this is what we also try to add to the database we want not only uh the numbers we want to understand how accurate those numbers are because this is where physics is physics is really in uncertainty is not not in the real numbers and you can continue this analysis for all other uh transitions if you just push the space bar you see everything jumps to the next line and so on and so forth you can filter out weak or strong transitions so for instance right now we have on this float all transitions with a values between zero and here's the highest in the right bottom corner shows that the highest value of a transition probability is 3.4 10 to the 11th now let's select only the strongest transitions everything above like say 10 to the 10th so in the minimum a we put one 10 to the 10th submit and these are only the lines with a values 10 to the 10th or higher of course they correspond to the largest energy differences there's a lot more that you can do with the broad term diagrams with the output you can even build sa-ha LP spectra but we will talk about this uh on on uh Wednesday now let me show you really just for a few minutes uh how you can run uh Cowan's atomic structure code from the Los Alamos uh web interface oh excuse me that's uh okay i bookmarked it somewhere just a second okay so this is the interface to Los Alamos atomic physics code we'll write down the link basically you can not only use it to calculate atomic structure but also to do calculations for different types of cross sections ionization or excitation but if we want to restrict ourselves just to uh atomic structure uh let's start with the okay calculation here it doesn't matter which what we choose for collisions because right now we want to look only at atomic structure so we start the calculations and we have to pick up some ion by default they have carbon two plus okay let's do something different let's do the same neon seven that we had which would be neon six plus and we go to configuration selection so it immediately offers you the ground state which is two s squared and the first excited to s2p well we can take only these two but let's make it a little bit more interesting let's take also other configurations that may that have relatively low uh energy level so we'll have 2p2 and let's take one of the electrons from the uh ground state 2s shell and bring it to n equals 3 so let's add uh 2s1 3s1 2s1 excuse me 2s1 3p1 and 2s1 3d1 okay so we have uh levels within n equals 2 and n equals 3 for completeness we can also add situation when we have one electron n equals 2 and one electron n equals 3 but let's take the low electron not 2s but 2p so we will add 2p1 3s1 2p1 3p1 and 2p1 3d1 okay so we have everything for n equals 2 n equals 3 click and here we have the result of online calculation 46 energy levels were calculated in the output we certainly have the energies right here in electron volts and this is the level notation of course the ground state 2s squared has zero energies and then we go higher and higher let's just quickly compare this calculation with what we have in the atomic spectra database so we take also uh neon seven uh let's take electron volts so we have the same values uh that's it let's let's see what we what we're having okay so the first group of levels in asd for 2s2p is of course the triplet uh we know that triplets are normally uh sitting lower than singlets this is one of the indication of the so-called punz rule in atomic physics and the energies are approximately 13.8 8 and 14 let's see what we get with accounts code it's 13.7 13.8 13.9 so certainly you would not expect to get spectroscopic accuracy from such simple calculations that runs for fraction of a second but at least it gives you reasonable idea where your levels are and how they are arranged but uh you can hardly get the same uh quality for neutrals you go to more highly charged ions it's really the interaction of electrons with the nucleus that becomes stronger you remember the z squared term that it grows faster than other z and other terms but for neutrals uh you may probably not get such good accuracy let's let's do the same calculation but not for uh neon but rather for for neutral beryllium so we do beryllium ion charge zero we go to configuration selection we add all those configurations that we had for uh beryllium like neon okay the same 46 levels because we have the same number of electrons that uh and we cannot get any difference now let's look at what we have for beryllium one okay so for neutral beryllium the lowest energies are 27 for uh for the lowest 2s to p triplet p 2.7 electron volts let's see what we get here well 2.6 something not too bad but not as good as for not as good as for uh uh uh neon if we look at this group of levels this is 2p squared triplet p with 3p zero one and two all sit at 7.3 let's see what we get here 2p squared triplet p 7.4 so 7.3 7.4 the difference is not that that bad but uh it's it's fair to say that for instance count's code would would better work for not so neutral ions but still not going too far in ion charge this is really where relativistic methods and codes uh are becoming uh much more accurate and uh certainly we will hear tomorrow a lot about uh about this uh codes and methods in particular regarding uh radiation and authorization um okay uh finally uh a few words about the database for ionization energies again ionization energies are important because uh really the ionization distribution of uh charge states and plasmas uh certainly depend on on these energies you can get all possible ionization potentials for all ions up to nuclear charge hundreds and tens so for instance if you want to look at what's available for iron this is list of all ionization energies for all ions of iron from neutral to hydrogen like now some of them were determined experimentally and you see these numbers are here those that have uh uh red brackets or parenthesis were either uh extrapolated or theoretically calculated again it's it's really difficult to uh determine ionization potentials for uh highly charged ions and of course literature sources are available for each uh and uh every number here if you want to look what's available not for iron but for all iron like ions you just I think do iron like and then you get everything with the same number of electron for neutral ion synchronized cobalt double nice nickel and so on and so forth so this is kind of databases that uh many atomic spectroscopists use uh regularly but also many plasmas spectroscopy those who work with atomic spectra some plasmas because they really contain a lot of information uh let me stop here and I think we have coffee break okay thank you