A few different dice rolls happening here. First of all, we're going to give away seven extra spots within the pack break itself. Then we'll do the break, then we'll give away a mystery crate spot. So big thanks to this group right here for making it happen. First dice roll, top seven after ten. Six and a four, ten times. And ten. So Edward Eugene, Edward Alex, Edward Edward Eugene. After ten, you're the top seven that get extra spots. Little buy one, get one. Now we can do the break. Let's gather your names, all teams are in. And let's roll and randomize it. Ten times, five out of five, ten the hard way. Two. And then five out of five, ten times for the teams. And tenth and final time. Boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, beep, bop. There's the first half of the list right there. And there's the second half of the list right over here. You can see all that. Excellent. This pack. Tathons of Smith, Micah Parsons, Redwood and Blue, Cam Jordan, Tanner McKee, Mike Singletary.  All right, now we're going to re-randomize everybody's names here. There they are again. One through 32. New dice, new list, third and final dice roll. And it's going to be one mystery crate spot. So a lot of sad people, one really happy person after three quick times. One, two, and three can do your own drum rolls at home. Alex very close, just not quite two through 32. Thanks for trying. There is another opportunity, though. There will be multiple opportunities if you want to chase after mystery crate spots again for a fraction of the price. All right, thanks everyone for trying. Big happy times for Edward Petty. Congrats to you, that extra spot coming in handy. Thanks for getting in. You've got a mystery crate spot. I'll see you a little bit later, maybe tonight, for that mystery crate. JaspeysCaseBrace.com. Bye-bye.


I'm pretty excited to talk today. I'm a physio, I'll go over that shortly. But for once I don't have to talk about musculoskeletal injuries. It's really cool. What makes a high performance driver, I don't know whether anybody knows this fellow. He's probably the most successful motorsport driver in history. His name's Sebastian Loeb. I'm going to talk about rallying today. Rally drivers are better than Formula One drivers. If anyone saw the Formula One last week, Kimmy Reichenan who's just come back to Formula One actually has been in rallying for the last few years and he said that. So it's not sort of baseless. Sebastian Loeb has won eight World Championships which is phenomenal. It's just amazing. He's competed in I think 153 World Rally events over the past 10 years and out of 153 this bloke's been on the podium so he's finishing the top three 105 times which is just insane. He's won I think 65 of the 105 events so if we want to look and model on what makes up a high performance driver this is a guy to look at. He started life off as an elite gymnast. Whether that factors in much towards the attributes of a high performance driver we could debate that all day. I think it probably does. He's disciplined. He has a personality type that is always striving for improvement and they're two things that any form of motorsport needs but particularly rallying. So I'm going to talk today about the sort of attributes that build this bloke into what he is. What I was going to show you is some in-car footage of a guy driving an old car like a 1980 model Ford Escort and he's very talented this bloke and you'll see the interaction between co-driver and driver. The concentration the driver's obviously concentrating on what he's doing but also the information that he's receiving from his co-driver. The co-driver is talking absolutely flat out at giving him the notes of what's coming up and this guy's cognitively receiving it processing it and he's doing about ten other things at once. It's quite fascinating. A little bit about me. I'm a musculoskeletal physio. When I was preparing the talk the other day my wife was sort of asking what are you doing. I hadn't told her I'm involved in this. So when I told her that I was talking about high performance driving she said why would you want to know about that. And as I sort of prepared the talk I kind of realised that there's a lot of things that these guys have that are obviously very very high level skills that drivers of all age groups need every day. So just as we go through the talk try and sort of reflect back to the sorts of people that you guys see each day and you'll see that these skills need to be present in everybody. My 4A into motorsport started a lot of years ago. I'm not a motorhead. I'm not a bogan. It's the most addictive drug of ever. Not that I take drugs but it's the most addictive sport activity I've ever been involved in. In 2008 we won a Victorian championship me as a co-driver and in 2010 I won a Victorian club championship as a driver. I'm not professing to say I'm a guru driver but over the years I've really I think I've sat down and worked out what attributes good drivers have and what it takes to improve your performance. So if we go back to Sebastian there's 3 key things 3 simple I like schemas. There's 3 key things that make up a driver and obviously how good they are is determined by to what extent each of these 3 things are advanced. So if we look at technical skill first obviously the video before showed this unbelievable amount of technical skill. There's 5 key things and I think again we all need that when we're driving on the road. As a rally driver vision and I'm not just talking about the level of eyesight, an eye testing vision for a rally driver is being able to sort of take in entire surrounds in front of you in a split second and work out what you've got to do for that next 50 or 100 metres. So vision is a skill that needs to be pretty well developed in a rally driver. Feel. I've sat with lots of people that can drive very quickly. They've got some of these other skills but they don't have feel. They usually end up breaking their vehicles or breaking their vehicle and then hitting something. So feel is an intuitive thing. I actually think some people don't have the ability to develop it very much. Someone like Sebastian Loeb has incredible feel. He knows as soon as something's wrong with his car and he adjusts his driving. The video before showed this old car which has no modern technology, traction control, all of the sort of things that are in the modern rally cars this bloke didn't have. So his feel is incredible. Richard talked before about speed. Respect to intersections and approaching intersections where accidents happen. Race drivers, rally drivers have unbelievable speed judgement based on what surface they're on. They know when to break. It's a bit different to a racetrack. After 300 laps of a racetrack you get to know the exact point that you should be touching that brake pedal. In a rally car you've got to go by feel and using your vision. So speed judgement is very important. The reactions, obviously vision, feel and speed are probably the attributes that help to make you react. So if you don't have those first three things, the speed judgement, the feel and the vision, your reactions are probably not going to be good. And then obviously coordination in a rally car a driver will be simultaneously using the three pedals. Handbrake wipers and probably five or six other buttons at once while they're listening to some bozo like me talking at the sort of rate that I'm talking now. So there's a lot of stuff going on. And technical skills is something that takes time to develop. I'm sure we all know skills and becoming an expert in something takes hours and hours and hours. Sebastian Loeb's 153 rallies there's 400 kilometres in a rally. He drives the stages multiple times. So every single week this blokes getting time in the car and also some of these skills even when he's just driving the course and looking at things. Physical fitness I'm a musculoskeletal physio. I treat sports people predominantly. And obviously in traditional sport physical fitness is key. It's certainly important, very important in motorsport and at the elite level it's important. Perhaps not as important as in some other sports but if we look at fitness with respect to driving, what are the sorts of things that drivers do? Predominantly gym and aerobic activity. So most race drivers rally drivers spend probably 2 hours a day, 7 days a week. So I think I've got at the bottom 10 to 15 hours a week working on their fitness. Lots of them are involved in triathlon which is quite a disciplined sport as well. Triathlon involves fluid intake, carbohydrate management, heart rate control and a lot of these things come back to performance driving as well. I also love bike riding. Mountain biking is probably a classic thing that drivers do and it's probably helping to keep their visual sort of field and their visual skills up to standard. Obviously improving strength and endurance is one of the key things in a car. Dehydration is something that we know very well in cycling and running and we probably don't think that much about it in the context of driving. Maybe someone later will be talking about that. In motorsport it's critical. We know physiologically that a 1.5 to 2% reduction in body weight due to sweat loss will significantly alter both physical and mental function, mental performance. In rally driving and in V8 supercars, temperatures get commonly up to 50 degrees inside a car.  Wouldn't be wearing them. Love them along John. Even in short events it's quite common that if you don't drink you lose 3%. Hydration is critical and a lot of accidents do occur due to a loss of concentration associated with that. Carbohydrate intake associated with fitness is critical. Again athletes, runners and triathletes know very very well how much intake people need to take. Blood glucose levels obviously drops as you keep driving. A lot of these guys will be consuming drinks through fluid systems that have got carbohydrates involved. Probably the most important thing is mental fitness. I like the word mental fitness because it sort of implies that it's a trait or a skill that can be developed or regressed if you're not working on it. And obviously central to mental fitness is concentration. Not trying to blow my own trumpet. Rally drivers and performance drivers have the most amazing concentration and looking at concentration as a single entity is probably not that fruitful. Concentration involves lots of different things so this schema shows a width and a depth to concentration and you need all of them and I'll talk about it in a second but concentrating on one thing and one thing only in a rally car will have you into the side of a tree pretty quickly so there's a lot of things you need to be adjusting for. So if we look at the dimensions, the internal and the external, you get these sort of, and this is quite sports psychological I don't know if there's any psychologists here. Sports psychology is very very commonly used in driving. Psychology is critical how we're thinking and what's going on is really critical. If you break these things up into quadrants you've got these sort of traits I guess and a driver needs to be able to swap between analysing, rehearsing, focusing and scanning all the time continually. So an example of analysing would be looking at sort of the big picture, how you're performing through a stage, how you're comparing to the driver in front of you, looking at the whole big picture and thinking about it. In terms of rehearsing we do this a lot. There's a lot of thinking, especially when you bug something up, it jogs your memory back into thinking okay I've got to get my car in a better position, I've got to hit my brakes at this certain point so that's the rehearsal aspect. Down the bottom there's the two sort of external attributes that people need to show. When someone's driving I talk before about scanning a road, that's critical. You've got to know what's coming up 200 metres up the road and what that crest looks like it's doing if the road's going to go left or right, that's scanning.  The big rock that's sitting right on the driving line that you're about to hit. So all of those four things are used all the time and if you just use one you're going to get yourself into trouble. So if we look at concentration and what affects it, three emotional traits very very commonly affect concentration. I had a massive accident in 2008 and it was pretty much caused because I was angry and it was totally my fault. I had a problem with the car. I had a problem with the car in front of me. It was dusty. It was night time. I couldn't really see what was going on and I was trying to make up time from the previous stage. And there was a crest coming up and I looked at the road and thought yep the tree line cuts away to the right. So I threw or set the car up over this crest probably at 120k an hour and the road went left. I hadn't been angry. If I had have controlled my emotions honestly I don't think it would have happened. So with respect to accidents and poor outcomes with motorsport emotions are very commonly involved and we need to be able to control them. And down the bottom I've just got the physiology influences which we talked about before. So hydration, blood glucose levels and obviously muscle fatigue. We change gears 10 times a kilometre and there's a lot of work on the arms and the legs and even just keeping yourself stable. So muscle fatigue is a common thing. And that would be the other video highlighting Sebastian last year. Actually it's quite a fascinating video. Just to finish off as I said this guy is the best driver in the world. He crashed his car in Australia last year and it showed some footage of it happening in real time. It was very quick. And when the reporters got to him and said so what happened he said well I got distracted on the dash by a split time.  And he looked at the split time momentarily and got the car, I don't know, three inches across to the left hit a bank and roll over six times. So it was just a quite a graphic example of how concentration in our sport plays out.  What happened is that we went on the road like you can see I just entered a bit too fast in the right end here and because I've done a mistake I saw a split time on the dash. I was this concentrated didn't break enough for the corner and then I was a bit too fast. In conclusion, I think this is probably the biggest thing that we should all take, that these three factors certainly in motorsport are critical but I think for anyone driving on the roads they're the three attributes that I'll be looking at. Thank you.


T. F. N. N. Headline news update. Everyone, Basil Trapper, the host of the Tycho technicians are coming up straight after this T. F. N. N. Nune update, and we've got the Dow Down 12 at 26,703 yesterday missed by about 20 points, making a recovery high that would be at above 26,907. I'm still expecting that, it's taking a little while for this handle now in this particular pattern that I call the cup and handle, but it's a rising cup and handle pattern, not one of my favorites at all. I love the cup and ladle, the Chapman wave methodology where your power on that cup formation, you just go right through the left side, lift in this case, 26,695, and continue higher without a break. And that's usually very positive. So this says that the Chapman wave inside track resistance, that says red and on the left side chart of the day, this green and red dashed line inside there, that zone is a repelling zone. You need to see the Dow power nicely over 26,907. And yesterday it was a Boeing that stopped it today. It's a journal market that is in Malaise. And what we are looking at is key support at 26,550 at this particular stage. S&P, so I'm still positive about this. Subscribers are still bullish. Long, 29,62.81 in the S&P, down $1.55. Didn't make a leg. See, we're expecting still a leg D to come. And both charts, the weeklies need a little bit more work, but so far it's quite good action. And we're watching the 29,53 support, very short term. That's what needs to hold. And you want to see it break into the 29, I would say 29,83 level by tomorrow. Let's see what happens with the composite index, the QQQ and the X100. Down just 15 cents, it did make a peak D and that leg D. And that D is really important in the buy mode in a Chapman wave where you get four higher peaks. That's the requisite for that particular pattern. And we've done that anything else now as a bonus. And that makes the 190.57 high of yesterday key to break on the upside and the gap in the middle of the one. I just caught a one. Oh, we can call it 187.50 is going to be key support. Gold was weak earlier on. It's now up very nicely. It's up 17 at 1406. Silver's also up. And the dollar's kind of meandering. This is very nice because the gold is bounced off the 14 bit moving average. We'll talk about it as soon as I get back to my target traditions hour. Have a great day. Hope to see you later on or tomorrow. Have a great day.


All right. All right. Good morning and welcome to this week's edition of Encompass Live. I'm your host, Krista Porter, here at the Nebraska Library Commission. Encompass Live is a commission's weekly webinar series where we cover a variety of topics that may be of interest to libraries. We broadcast the show live every Wednesday morning at 10 a.m. central time, but if you're unable to join us Wednesday, that's fine. We do record the show as we are doing today, and then it is posted to our Library Commission, our website for you to watch later at your convenience. Both the live show and the recordings are free and open to anyone to watch, so please do share with your friends, family, neighbors, colleagues, anyone you think might be interested in any of the shows we have on Encompass Live. We do a variety of things on the show, book reviews, interviews, mini-training sessions, demos of services and products, all sorts of things. We have guest speakers that come in sometimes to present for us, and we have the Nebraska Library Commission staff that come in sometimes to present for us, and that's what we're going to do today, but I did want to mention a couple of things here about the show before we get into today's topic. Encompass Live, I mentioned we have a recording, so I'll show you when we get there. Encompass Live first premiered in January 2009, and that is, so as of the end of last year, we have 15 years of Encompass Live. This is the beginning of our 16th year. Wow, my gosh, that's a lot of stuff. That is a lot, yes. And I'm going through some statistics and I'll try to put together some sort of blog post or something of exactly what Ry had mentioned, you know, where all of our presenters are from across the years. We've had presenters from all across the country, and I think from outside of the country a few times too, and even Canada too, so it's a lot, yes. We have done, I did look up, we have done 738 shows. Every year we take off the one year, or the one week that's during our NLA conference, and then since COVID started, the pandemic started in 2020, there's been sometimes here and there we've had to take off on presenters who've had COVID, various issues have happened over the last couple years, so usually there's two or three a year that we don't do, but we have a total as of last week, the end of last December, 738 shows, 15 years, and they're all out there, you want to go watch them? So I'm pretty proud, this is just an idea I came up with as my previous work I was doing, the commission was wrapping up, and I had been doing monthly webinars about some things. I said, we had a weekly webinar about something, about everything, libraries do, we'll see what goes. 15 years later. So that's pretty awesome. Our first two shows were Meet the NLC shows, Meet the NLC part one and part two. We started out with introducing people to what we are and what we do here, so I thought it'd be a good idea to do that again. Probably need an update 15 years later. Now we have had people on from different departments to talk about things they're doing over the years of course in different areas too, but this is going to be, this is as I mentioned two part, we've got four people today and four people next week from the different departments in our Nebraska Library Commission agency here, they're going to talk about that. Who are we? What is the Library Commission? Who are we and what do we do here? Everything you ever wanted to know. If you do have any questions throughout the show, type into your questions section if you go to webinar interface. I'm monitoring that here and I can grab any of your questions or comments or anything for our presenters today. So first up we do have the Director of the Library Commission, Rod Weiner. Good morning, Rod. Good morning and happy New Year to everyone. Yes, happy New Year. Kicking off the new year with this program and my assigned purpose this morning is to offer some introduction and it's good that I start because my colleagues can correct any mistakes I make in my remarks. I'm thankful for that. But to jump way back, the Library Commission was created in 1901, celebrated our 100th year back in early 2000. The Commission is part of the Executive Branch of Nebraska State Government and per state statutes the Commission is responsible for the statewide promotion development and coordination of library services. That is, that was actually the statutory purpose that was written into state law back in 1972. I'm not sure if that same, I don't believe that same statement was in the statutes prior to that time. But in fulfilling those functions the Commission works with all types of libraries as well as doing many things for directly with the public. The Commission was renamed in 1972. Prior to that it was the Nebraska Public Library Commission and the change emphasized the coordinating rule and the intent that the Commission work with all types of libraries and support all types of libraries throughout Nebraska. Also in 1972, and you'll hear more about this later, the 1972 laws included the creation of the Nebraska Publications Clearinghouse with a responsibility for providing government information services and collecting and providing access to state publications. But again, you'll hear more about that in a little while. A word about state library agencies, every state has a state library agency. Also US territories have somewhat the equivalent of a state library agency as well. And that in part is due to the Federal Library Program, the Library Services and Technology Act, which has a major commitment of funding that is allocated to the states under the Grants to States programs. The Commission is one of many boards and commissions in Nebraska state government. I don't have the exact number but I think it's somewhere in the number of 80 or more. And again, others may correct me on that. We have? No, no commission. Nobody shares it. There are lots of them and the Commission is among those. And what that means is as a non-code agency, code agencies are those that are directly under the governor. Non-code agencies are those that have a different governance structure. The Commission has a six member board.  They serve a three-year term and they can be appointed to a second term. Traditionally, the commission members are appointed from the regional library, regional library system areas. And until several years ago, we had six regions. Now we have restructured in recent years to four. So the governor is not in any way obligated to following that, but for the most part, governors have in that an appointment is made from each of the regions and then there are two at-large members. However, currently we do not have a representative from the Central Plains region and we hope that will change in the coming, well actually this year when new appointments are made. Funding, the Library Commission's funding is about 70% state and 30% federal. Again, the federal being the Library Services and Technology Act allocation that is appropriated annually. So we have a responsibility for administering the LSTA, L-S-T-A that is, and each year we are each every five years we are required to conduct a an evaluation of the Federal Library program in Nebraska and also create a new five-year plan that is submitted to the Federal Institute of Museum and Library Services. And part of that plan we have major goals and a number of objectives under those goals that we use as a guide for distributing funding and for conducting programs and services that use, that make use of those funds. So Krista has asked us to make presentations covering the major functions of the Library Commission ranging from administrative services, planning and data services, reference and information services, government information services, technology and access services, talking book and braille services, and library development. So you'll be hearing about those shortly beginning with those. One other thing I would mention about state library agencies, Nebraska is one of those that is independent in that we are not directly under the governor. That is not the case in all states. Some state library agencies are part of their State Department of Education. They may be under the Secretary of State. They may be part of a larger department that includes other functions such as economic development, parks and recreation, their arts and humanities and so forth. So they are different. Among the surrounding states we have the Wyoming State Library, Colorado State Library, Kansas State Library. Iowa has a different name which I forget. It's under the Department of Education in that state. What's interesting is that we also have a Nebraska State Library. And so sometimes that confuses individuals when they are familiar with other states. And the Nebraska State Library is under the Supreme Court. It's the State Law Library but it is the Nebraska State Library. And we are the Library Commission. So that's my introduction and I think we'll have time for questions later on. Yep, if anyone does have any questions, yeah, type them in when you think of them. I will also mention too while we're looking at the slides here, the links that are on here. When the recording is available later, you will have, we'll provide these slides as well. So all of these links in here, don't worry about trying to scribe them all down. There's going to be more in the future too. You'll have these slides maybe able to get to all the links that we have on here. And I'll just do our website anyway. Rod, I was just thinking when I looked at my old program, everything changed. But not for you. Would that be true, Rod? I mean, I mean in terms of governance and commission, number of systems has decreased, but were there things that really changed a lot? Since you did this 15 years ago. Since your presentation 15 years ago. Yeah, well, of course, we have evolved along with the many other, with many trends such as technology and how we do things. We do a lot more, provide many more services online, even though we were doing those things back 15 years ago. Staffing, structurally, were very much the same as we have been for a number of years. I know for the slides that I just hear, these couple slides for Rod, the same ones that we did use 15 years ago, I just tend to change the links for our website because our URL changed. But all the same information is in the same places on our website. Even our website has changed. Yes, we've designed it. Yes. If you're interested, you can go back, like I said, Oliver, archived it. You can go back and watch this from 15 years ago. All right. Thank you. Thank you so much, Rod. We are now on to learn. You're up next. Okay. I'll have to talk quickly because I think I crammed too much in here. Yeah. Our computer team consists of three people. Myself, Vern Bias, Dose Cleby, and his primary responsibilities are backups and archiving, email management, purchasing, mailing lists, and hardware. And backups are a time-consuming and kind of thankless job that kind of seemed like a lot of effort for a little gain, but they're vital. We use them all the time. When someone needs something and they're there, it's not thankless. It's a lot of thank yous. Been there, done that. And Janet Greaser is our help desk manager. And it's hard to define what she does because she has a hand in just about everything. And she is our primary support for the Mandarin Library Automation System and has really heavy involvement in all the websites and taking care of websites as well as mundane things like predators. And we need two or three of her. Yes. And my job is to kind of oversee everything, try to spend some time on planning for future needs. I've been spending more time on security issues lately than in previous years. And that's kind of frustrating. It feels like non-productive time, but it's really important. And that could easily be a full-time job. And I also do quite a bit of programming, which I enjoy, that frequently involves interactive web pages, forms, various web services, as well as programming that we use internally to manage and monitor things. We try to cross-train as much as we can, but it's difficult. Everybody has more in depth knowledge of certain things than the rest of us. So documentation is really important. We spend a lot of time trying to document among ourselves and for future generations. That's an ongoing challenge. Our job is to manage the commission's computer infrastructure, which includes workstations and staff offices, public access workstations, servers, printers, waterless access points, laptops, and the network that connects everything together internally and to the internet. Besides all the hardware, we also install, configure, and maintain an update software that makes everything work. There are frequent updates to software due to security vulnerabilities that are discovered. So that's a pretty time-consuming part of the job. And many, many other staff outside the computer team contribute to supporting and creating and maintaining online services. So we by no means do it all alone. And it affects everybody in some way or another. And I recently realized that among the three of us, we have more than 100 years of combined experience. I don't know whether to brag about that or apologize. Some of us are getting a little long when we choose this. You're just got his gold watch. When I think about our job, the picture that always comes to mind is the old Ed Sullivan show and the circus acts where all the plates are spinning. They're trying to keep all those plates spinning. And I'm sure a lot of you can identify with that. That's kind of the nature of work. A big part of our job is working with the websites. And I thought it was worth just highlighting those and maybe briefly talking about some of them. The main NLC website, Nebraska Access, Nebraska Memories, the government documents site, and Campus Moodle, which is the training site center for the book, One Book One Nebraska, the NLC blog, and the libraries on the web websites, which are currently 114 of those where we provide websites for libraries that wish to use that service. Our main website is an attempt to bring together all the hundreds of services and resources that the commission provides. And it's a real challenge to bring that together in a way that is accessible and easy to use. And when we designed the site, we went out and looked at all the other 49 state agency sites and hoping to find somebody who had found an idea that magically made this all work. And we really didn't find that. So we did the best we could. It's far from perfect. If I had one bit of advice for people when using our website, I would say start with the search, because we put a lot of effort into that. And I think it's easier than trying to maneuver through the fly-out menus and all of it. It's kind of a busy site and it's just unfortunate that it has to be that way. You put a lot of work into the search engine. Yeah. You did that. And we all do. People as they realize that a given topic isn't covered very well by the search will let us know and we'll focus on improving that. And we really count on that. We appreciate it. I need to do an extended. I thought I'd highlight just a few of the notable online services that are pretty heavily used. This isn't all of them, but some of the ones that are pretty significant. The library directory gets a lot of use. That provides access to staff and libraries of all types, public, academic, school, special, institutional. The library jobs database is heavily used and it provides listings for jobs not only in the grass, but in contiguous states. The book club kits is heavily used. It's grown from a small collection to thousands of titles and it's used heavily. There are various things related to library accreditation, including the application forms and the various forms that contribute data to that. The library calendar focuses a lot on training. Staff certification is also a big feature that's provided in many different ways and supported in many different ways on the website. We provide mailing lists, statewide mailing lists that are focused on various library topics, including one for each of the four systems. The interlibrary loan is pretty heavily used and that allows us to more efficiently process requests for interlibrary loans. The various grants that we offer all require application forms. We spend quite a bit of time on those and we have way welcome feedback on those. It's sometimes challenging to make them understandable. If you're using one of the forms and see a problem by all means, let us know. Overdrive and Libby, we don't post the actual service, but we provide authentication for a number of libraries. The books in serious databases use nationwide. I think it's not focused on Nebraska and I think Lisa will probably touch on that in her part of the presentation. A couple of items that appear on the front page, the libraries and the news, I think is pretty popular. It brings together news articles from various news media that talk about Nebraska libraries. The library buzz is harvested from the various library websites and social media sites. There's a lot of content there and the search feature on each of the websites is something that we've spent a lot of effort on. I want to mention the OmniBase because it's kind of central to a lot of what we do. Years ago, in fact, it's probably like 30 years ago, we were struggling because when something needed to be updated, a staff change or email address change or anything like that, we might have had to make those changes in a dozen or more places and it was real challenging, of course, to keep those all synchronized. So we decided to create what we now call the OmniBase, which is kind of a central database for all the information that we collect and it includes staff data for library staff as well as our staff, addresses, emails, phone numbers, library boards, provides contact information, meeting schedules and other information about library boards and the CE data, which includes certification status and attendance records for the certification, library and certification program is also contained in the OmniBase. I guess I'm getting lost in my notes here, isn't it? I think we're ready for the next slide. There's more on you. Oh, yeah, yeah. You're right. I did lose my place. Thank you. Um, we try to, we use many different sources to update the OmniBase. We get reports from librarians and system directors. Those are important. The Bibliostat Survey provides a lot of the data, especially the statistical data. The supplemental survey helps us to keep the directory information up to date as well as things like social media, sites, websites. That's a really important part of what keeps the OmniBase up to date. We also monitor news sources if we see the library has changed its name or opened a new branch or something like that. We incorporate that into the OmniBase and Dennis spends a lot of his time working with email balances. That tells us something's wrong with an email address if he does research and figures out what needs to be done to make it accurate. And I want to finish up by mentioning that we, like everybody, try to improve our services every day and every way we can think of. And some of the means that we use to do that include monitoring usage and making adjustments when we see things that aren't quite right, watching for problems. We get reports constantly and every 15 minutes letting us know if anything appears to be having problems and then we try to resolve them as quickly as possible. We love to incorporate suggestions from users. That's one of the most important ways that we can improve things. Implementing new and improved technologies is another means. And I really want to emphasize that we welcome and encourage your suggestions and problem reports. That's one of the best ways that we can address making our services better. And that's the end of my presentation. Cool. Krista had to step out of the room. So I think we're just going to go on to Lisa. Yeah. She want to hand me that. Thank you. Let her continue our presentation. So I looked at my slides for 15 years ago. Nobody's here. That was here 15 years ago. The website's different. We had a Twitter account. We had instant messaging. We had Meebo. Lots has changed for sure. So I wanted to just reintroduce you to our team and show you some pictures of who we are. So alphabetically by first name, Amy Owen comes to us from Elwood, Nebraska and seems to know every librarian in the state. And because Amy works with updating the OmniBase, she really does know everybody in the state. She works, I can't tell you how diligently Amy digs through school websites to find library and changes so that when we send out updates for passwords or anything, Amy has already updated and her success is yielded by fewer bounces that Dennis has to deal with. So Amy just hit 10 years here with us but has a history with Omaha Public Library and Amy has a background in not only information science, but information technology. She has two master's degrees. Then we have Kathy Hatterman and some of you are getting messages from Kathy. This picture is taken from one of Kathy's book face Fridays. So I tried to incorporate those and introducing you to our staff. Kathy sends out weekly lists to highlight items that we have in our collection. So we will see her name and I wanted you to know this is an actual book face where you can see Kathy's face. Those come from her. Laura Mooney, I took this picture from her Facebook. I hope she doesn't mind. It's a lovely picture. Laura joined us just a little over a year ago. Is that right? That's correct. Comes to us from history, Nebraska and Laura just got her 25 year service award with the state. So just because she's new here, she comes to us with great background and I'll let Mary tell you more about what Laura does but I want to introduce you to her because Laura sometimes works at the reference desk as she is right now. So you may hear her name and Laura is one of two Laura's we have. We always have duplicate names here. And I come from a Linda Lori Lisa family so I know that Linda's a Lori's and the Lisa's. Anyway, it's really great to have Laura on our staff. She has great background. Linda Klaus, this is one of her book faces where it shows her whole face. Linda works within your library loan really primarily and also works at the reference desk. So we used to have two lindas and now we're down to one.  Is in her library loan during Christmas? How's that going to work? When schools are closed just and Linda is always available either by email or phone and is a good person to ask. All of those in her library loan questions about she's also really excellent at finding digital documents and she has a real sleuthing, especially journal articles ability to find those things. So if Linda can't find it, it's not out there. I don't think so she's a valuable member of our team from that perspective to help you all with those. And in her library loan is available to schools and public libraries who really don't have the means and the resources to do that. So that keeps us busy there. Our Mackenzie just joined us a little over a year ago. I think two years in April will be their anniversary and Mackenzie is baptized in book clubs. So I know many of you know their name, but I wanted you to see what they look like. The Mackenzie came to us recently from another from a law library, but is fresher out of library school than most of us. And is a Lincoln native also as a pet sitter on the side. So loves animals as we all do. All of us here at this table and a big animal lover. So she's very good at that. Yeah. Mackenzie does book club spotlights every other week and is really familiar with our collection. Incredibly for how long they have not been here has really got a good sense of our collection. We try to focus on Nebraska titles, Nebraska authors, Nebraska settings and those in our listing all have a little red Nebraska outline. But if you've got a question about something about the book club, Mackenzie is really the great first place to start. Mackenzie also works with our job line and calendar updates. And so in many of those updates are mentioned. Those websites he mentioned Mackenzie is a part of keeping those updates. So that's what Mackenzie looks like. There's Mary and one of Mary's book club or book face Fridays and I loved that book and I loved that. I read that on an airplane one day. Mary will tell you more about what she does, but Mary and I work closely together. I think of our two is being kind of hand in hand. Yes. So I'll let Mary talk about what she does. But that's what Mary looks like and you can see her also. So to highlight our services, Verne created this page for us. And it's not the whole of the page is just the top of it. But you can search for book club kits to borrow from us if you are a librarian, you call yourself a librarian in the school or the organization where you are. I should clarify it does need to be a library or a school library or identify yourself as a library. You can search by reading level, number of copies, perhaps you want to show a DVD after you read it. You can search if you scroll down on this webpage, the Nebraska 150 when we had our set was centennial. There was a list of one of our staff helped to create to highlight 150 books of significance to Nebraska. We try to provide questions, discussion questions. If you have a talking book user in your book club, we will show you those books that are available. Book clubs are not going away. And I double checked our circulation. I asked McKenzie if they had any idea how many we circulated way under guest. It's 1000 over 1000 copies a month titles. So titles do we have now we have 22 over 2200 titles in the collection. And that includes down to reading level, third grade, graphic novels, nonfiction fiction. It's really there are some spent. Yes, thank you. We just included some Spanish titles. Because we were being asked and it was we took a shot in the dark and got some classics and some children's Spanish titles. We'll see how those go. That's a new territory for us to venture into. So that is probably, I think all of us have touched book club kits in some way very and Amy had helped me shop for books, book sales. There was a time when we primarily use use copies. I'm going to keep moving on here. Okay, so book clubs are big, in addition to book clubs, book club wiki describes all the other libraries that are willing to share their books. And Vern has done an amazing job creating a search. So if we don't have it, you can tell which other library has it that would be willing to share. So it's a statewide effort. And it's a unique own, it's a little interlibrary loan system of who's going to lend multiple copies of books. And the systems have as well. All four systems do. So they're all listed there. I think I tried to get them all those are all the libraries in the state that say, yes, we're going to be willing to share. And because they all list their books in different ways, Vernon and I have had to partner to set out those titles for the search engine. But we made you've made it work. I just helped. Our Amy does book face Fridays with Tessa. And this I just picked a couple of my favorites. This is our book shop across the street fancy invention. Sometimes they're just so spot on. They delight me. So Amy provides with Tessa every Friday, a book face Friday. And I think they've been at it for four or five years now. Let's say five. Yeah. So this was one of my favorites. And that's the view from my office window and Leslie and Megan work there. I feel like Mr. Rogers, they're people in my neighborhood and I adore them. So that's, that's a very great book face Friday. And this was a particularly wonderful one Amy did when she was taking her kids to school and ran out to get this picture and had people staring at her. So Amy goes to great lengths to get these book face Fridays. And some are just really worth celebrating. Books and series database is in joint conjunction with the talking book and Braille staff. They had lists and lists and lists of books. And I went to Marin in 2006, I think, and said, let's, let's automate this. So Vern, this is another of Vern's pages where you can search by the author, the book title, or the series titles. So Bosch or Stephanie Plum or Mitford. If you don't remember the order of books, and it's important to you, some for some, it's not important, but we have people who then let us know that our lists are out of date, need to be added, or maybe they question our order. And we really work hard to keep that up to date. Fantastic fiction is a really excellent database. And we certainly can compete with that. But this database also includes the talking book and Braille, digital Braille members, the DB numbers. So that's the enhancement. This one is included. The online catalog, Mary maybe wants to talk more about this, but this is the link to our collection. And you can request books from here. And you can see the Ask a Librarian on the top right. So I wanted to highlight that. Mary's put more work into that than I, so I just point that out. You can get to this from our front page. Here was Rod's Friday Reads. Several of us participate in reviewing books every Friday. And Amy coordinates who is responsible for which week. And then Tessa also posts that in our public media. So our team coordinate this service. Here's what the Interlibrary Loan Request form looks like that Linda works with. Again, this is a Vern form that Vern has created with and tweaked and tweaked. When there's a something, could you do this? Could you add that? Could you change this? Vern will do that. So that is what the Interlibrary Loan Request form looks like for those of you who use that service. Mackenzie helps post our jobs page, which Vern mentioned for the contiguous states. And something we added recently are the jobs you'll notice in the left that allow remote working, which is a new part of our world now. So that could be anywhere and defies that contiguous state requirement. Mackenzie posts things on our calendar. You can post things on our calendar right under January. See the link to add a list. Add to this. Add an item. Yeah, thank you for your part. So you can see we'd like to plan something at our library. Oh, there's already a couple of things planned that day. That might not be a good time or NLA is going on or there's spring workshops. This will allow you to know what's going on throughout the state in terms of other library events, planning, conventions. The ever important library directory Vern mentioned is the way you can search to see who's the who's the director at the Beatrice Public Library. Who's the director of you can see their hours and their emails. And so you have access to all of this because of the work you do to submit your information to us and Amy does to make sure it's accurate. Can I jump in with a note there? One of the features that I hope people are aware of is that you can enter a city name followed by PL Republic Library and find the library quickly that way. You may not know the actual name of the library or have a spell of the writing that makes it a quick shortcut. That is excellent to mention because we have eight lead libraries, nine lead libraries, and then several memorial libraries. So they're not all named. And some that are to spell struck and baits, comes to mind. Yeah, Kravitz. Yeah, right. So this is a wonderful website. Vern mentions searching by city is an excellent way to find what you're looking for. And then lastly, in my team, and that's why I gave you all the pictures, those are the faces that match the voices that will answer the phone when you call the library commission at that 800 number. And that's the basic email you can use for questions. You could text us there, you could visit us. But I wanted to introduce you to the folks who are the voice behind the phone call and never record well, never answering machine of any sort unless we're closed, but there will always be a human voice. And I believe we always all say our names. You'll know who we are when you call. And now you know what we look like. So I'll let Mary have time. I'm Mary Sowers. I'm the government information services librarian and supervisor at the library commission. So there are two people who work with me on my team. Bonnie Hinsle is the state document staff assistant. And Laura Mooney, our newest and government services administrative technician is also doing crossing lines into the reference desk. So Bonnie used to help us on the reference desk, but bowed out of that. And now Laura is helping do things and just put faces with names. Me, Bonnie and Laura, just so if you do call for government services, you'll probably most likely get me, but also you might get Bonnie or Laura. So again, like Lisa said, we love putting faces with names. And so this way you can do that. Here at the commission in government information services, the Nebraska Publications Clearinghouse is by far the largest part of our service umbrella. Like Rod mentioned earlier, the state legislature created the Nebraska Publications Clearinghouse in 1972, making it a service at the library commission. And its purpose is to collect and provide access to all state agency publications released to the public. And this service is for all Nebraska citizens, staff of Nebraska libraries, state agencies, and the Nebraska legislature. We do get calls from state agencies asking for their own publications. And so that is part of our purpose in collecting them. Yeah, we do not distribute or redistribute these publications widely, at least not back to the general public. But we do send copies to the Nebraska State Archives and the Library of Congress. At the moment, we currently have 190,000 print items in the Clearinghouse collection. The Clearinghouse collection also operates and oversees the Nebraska Publications Depository program. And actually, I was going to show you what the Clearinghouse page looks like. But just to give you, yeah, there it is, a little delayed there, with various things that you can go in and take a look at. But that is the main page for the Clearinghouse. You can also get to it by clicking on the Government Documents fly-off menu here. I should be able to click at the powerpoint at the bottom and then go to the left. There we go. Okay, and then I was going to move on to the Depository program is a part of the Clearinghouse, including the Clearinghouse. There are 17 state documents, Depository libraries around the state and as part of that Depository library, all within the same state statute created in 1972 for the Clearinghouse. All Nebraska state agencies are required by state statute to send three print copies of each of their publications to the Clearinghouse. So if you've ever wondered how do you get or how do we get all of these publications, the agencies are required by state statute to send them to us. And it's only three, it used to be four. Yeah, that's correct. Yeah, before the days of online access, they did have to send four print copies. And now it's three because a lot of them have already posted these publications on their own website and they have a URL. So they send us the URL and then we pull that in. And we not only have a print copy, but then we add a URL to the catalog record for those items. All documents in the Clearinghouse collection received are available for request through our online catalog. Or if there's a URL, like I just mentioned in the URL link in the catalog record, you can have instant access to the document by clicking on the link. So I'm going to go back here, put this mouse to work. It's going to put it on something that might help. There we go. Up here at the top of our main webpage is our quick access to the library catalog. I happen to know a particular document number this morning. So I'm just going to type that in. So you can take a look at what a state documents catalog record looks like. And it'll just a brief record will that pops up. And if there's more more than one, there will be several in a list. But then we click on details will give you a more detailed look at the catalog record. And like this particular one, I wanted to show especially because it does have a web link at the bottom of the record. And if we have a URL available for all of these documents, it will be at the bottom like this. And so it's all very consistent. And we don't maintain those URLs. So this is the agencies that send them to us. Once they come, just tell us where to go. We're not maintaining all of these online. No, that's correct. Yes. The agency's maintained their own on their own website. But once we pull it into our catalog, then that becomes the libraries or the library commission, the clearing houses. We have to maintain those. And so all of our government documents will have this URL that starts out with GovDocs.Nebraska.gov. And then usually EPUBs slash EPUBs and the call number in this particular case, the E5700 that yeah. So if you click on that link in the Mandarin database and a cattle online catalog, it will bring up the document itself immediately so that you have immediate access to it. You can download it by clicking on the download button or you can print it off if that is what you need. So that is something that we've worked really, really hard to enhance over the years. And I will touch on that part again a little bit later in what I'm doing. So back to this. We also have, and again this is a Vern item that helped us get here. He helped us redesign a page that we called Nebraska State Agency Publications Online. If you are interested in a quick way to get to a particular state agency's publications, you go to this little drop down menu on this page. You can click on any of the agencies. It will list items not only that we have on our servers, but more likely they're going to be on the state agency's website. This particular agency's Department of Agriculture and this is the cattle feeders directory. This is something that they maintain and so by us maintaining the link on our page and then you get to it, you get the most current information. So I wanted to be sure and point out this. You can also get to our online catalog from that page. So there's lots of ways that you can get around getting to state documents just from this page one. Okay. The Library Commission is also part of the federal depository. There are, let's see, 10 other depositories in the state. We do collect federal government publications, some of us more than others. The commission only currently receives about 2% selection of the materials made available through the program. The largest collection here in the state is at University of Nebraska-Lincoln and they are our regional depository. So they oversee the rest of the federal depositories here in Nebraska. Okay. Actually, I need to update, yeah, a couple of libraries have dropped out in the last couple of years, so I need to update this page. Things like this are always good for finding what you need to fit. Yeah. Okay. Government services also provides reference services and pretty much part of the information services group as a whole, but we do also just specialize in government document reference work. We answer reference questions about state government and its publications. We do research projects related to various things like, for example, the most recent one I've had is a research project about prisoner release after serving good time and so that usually includes searching the various bills to put it into place and any related information and news afterwards. So feel free to call us or send, you can always send your question and writing to the email address there, nlc.ask at Nebraska.gov. And if it doesn't come directly to me, depending on the day, someone in the information services team will see it and make sure that it gets directed to the right person and answer it in a timely manner. Something else that we do as part of the documents program is what I call scan on demand. If you find a document in our catalog that does not have a link to an online version, send us the request and we take these requests as a scan on demand opportunity to scan the item, add it to the catalog and make it available immediately to you, but not only to you, but by adding it to the catalog we make it immediately available to everyone. So that's an important part of what we do. The other couple of things that we do, one of which is new since this was done 15 years ago. The first one that is not new is What's Up Doc, and this is an electronic blog and publication from the Commission Clearinghouse Service, and we list all of the newest state. We don't include federal anymore because we're not adding new items to the federal collection, but we do let you know what we've received at the Library Commission Clearinghouse in the last two months. It used to be a monthly and it's since become a bi-monthly, a little bit easier to maintain. Now not only do I provide links to the actual item in the blog post itself, but I have embedded and again much with the help of and thank you of Vern, I embed the document itself. So again you can see the document immediately. You can download it and print it or you can save it up to you. But this is the most current one. I will have a new one out there later this week for the months of November and December. And then the new blog post that I started several years ago is called Book Briefs. It also is bi-monthly because the Clearinghouse receives documents from every state agency, including the Nebraska University of Nebraska Press. They are a state agency, so they send us books that we choose for the collection. And then I go through and I add a picture that is courtesy of the Press website, but also title, author, any book awards that it might have received and the synopsis of the book also courtesy of the Press website. So we've gotten lots of requests for checkouts of these books from libraries and librarians for their patrons based on this Book Briefs blog post. We'll go as long as it takes to get through everything we're talking about and Mary's last one to speak today. And then if you all do have any questions, type in the questions section and we'll go to them on our interface. Anything you want to know more about the commission from the people here today, remember next week we've got part two for other departments. So to hold your questions for them for next week. Two last things for me as a vast extension of Scan on Demand. When I first started working here, actually I will start my 12th year here next week. Nebraska, I call this the Nebraska State Document Scanning Project. Laura Mooney, her primary job is not only federal documents, what few that we get of those, her primary job is to scan state documents that have not previously been scanned and digitized. And so when she first started here almost a year and a half ago, we were still in the A's and she has now turned the corner, you know, kind of sorta around the corner of the stacks to when she is now in the D's. Yeah, so she is making lots. Yeah, so probably thousands of items that, you know, just since she has started working here, that we want to make as much as possible available online so that people have instant access to it if they find it. And a lot of times if they're doing just a Google search, again, thanks to Vern, their search may pick up on something that we have in our catalog and they can click on it and then click on the URL and get that document instantaneously, which is a real help to people. And especially during the pandemic, that was a real advantage, you know, especially when it came to like the governor's executive orders, we have those on the Nebraska Access website. Those were our number one hit and they got downloaded a lot, thousands of times, you know. So anyway, the very last thing I wanted to mention that falls under government services is the Nebraska Public Documents website. It is currently, this was created in 2006 and 2007 and was a collaboration between the Library Commission, the Nebraska State Historical Society, which is now History Nebraska, excuse me, University of Nebraska Lincoln and the University of Nebraska Omaha. And this was a collaborative effort to provide digital access to historic annual reports that had been published and bound together since the 1870s through 1956. And originally, the collaboration purchased microfilm of these items from the New York Public Library and then students at the UNL campus went through and digitized them. Unfortunately, at that time, the digitization characteristics and access was limited. It did a great job for what they had at the time, but the technology has evolved. So in 2019, former employee Lori Saylors went through and scanned, re-scanned every single item that we currently had the Nebraska Public Documents and re-digitized, which meant that they OCR made much more searchable. Since then, we have been doing lots of cleanup and Verne has figured out how to do much better OCR technology on these documents and so has re-OCRed all of them. Also in the meantime, we have located and added missing items from the collection, some that were already in our catalog in our own Clearinghouse collection, but others that had come to us from donations of old documents and old bound items. So we're very eagerly waiting, awaiting the new website. This current one is being hosted at UNL, but once we get everything finished on our end, then they will turn over hosting to us and we will be hosting the new Nebraska Public Documents website. So hopefully sometime later this year. Yeah, so that's all for me. Feel free to contact us anytime if you have questions or in need of a document. Let's go back to the slides. There we go. There we go. Yeah, it's okay. All right. So that is our... Does anybody have any questions? That is our part one of our Meet the NLC session today, talking about library questions in general, our computer services, information services and government information services. Does anyone have any questions? You can type into the questions section of your webinar interface and see if there's anybody has anything you want to ask. If you didn't see anything during the show, that's okay. If not, you do know where to reach us here, obviously. And I will pop open this since you are doing that there. Our contact page for information and all of our different departments and all of our staff is here. And if you don't know who to call, please just call and let us know what you need and we'll be sure you get connected to the right person to help you call one of our main numbers here and they'll know where to send you to. Yes. You'll talk to one of those people whose picture I showed and now you'll say, then you'll know what we look like. No. So you just got some thank yous coming in. Yeah. What is the Amy question for seven years? Yeah, I'm going to have to do...  I had technical issues. Chris has been having technical trouble during our presentation today. Oh my gosh. If I could just say one more thing, never hesitate to call us. Really, please don't hesitate to call while we're here in the office. Our job is to help you. Yes, to make your jobs easier. There it is. Okay. Yes. We got thank you, Francie staff and presenters. Different Amy said, thank you for all the help you provided over the years. It's nice to have faces to put to the names Amy but Amy, oh, and from here it said yes. Bookface has been going for seven years. Seven years. Thank you, Amy. As of this March, it'll be seven years. Shoot. I knew we'd been a long time. Yeah. And I didn't want to in any way just say all we do are these. These are a lot of the things we do. I thought of two more things we do that I forgot to talk about. So, Amy, thank you, Amy. Yeah. Amy's been with that. Amy just got her 10-year award. Amy, you were supposed to be in an eye appointment. She's left. It was before. She put thank you before. She's gone. It's okay. Shoot. But we want to help you. We want to make your jobs in your librarianship easier either by checking out books to you, answering questions, providing CE, making a book club collection for you, providing a document. Sometimes it's a little hand-holding. Sometimes it's just, this fits you well and we all do that. Yeah. So, please, I'd like you to think that calling us is a good idea and that we could be helpful and that you'll find the person who can help you solve whatever it is that you're having trouble solving, call us. And I've already described to people who don't know what I do, don't understand libraries and stuff. And my big thing that I described that I do, I work for the Brassville Library Commission. Oh, commission. Oh my gosh. And we help librarians do their jobs. Yes. We're going to make we do whatever we can to give you training, resources, consulting, grants. We'll talk about some of that next week. Yeah. Everything and anything to think of that a librarian might need to do in the state. We're here to help you do that and do better and serve your communities the best way you can. If you get thank yous from your community members, then we've all done our job. Yeah. Yes. And Byrne's certainly done his job. Yeah. Yeah. We tease Byrne that he can't ever retire. We would be lost without him. That goes for you, too, Rod. Yeah, too, Rod. I'm just going to bring in someone to mentor to teach everything you know, too. No, you don't transfer knowledge. We just don't get to go. No, no. Nothing like the human tech. All right. All right. I think that's it then. Thank you, everyone. Thank you all for being here. Thank you, Rod, for coming in remotely. I'm going to pop to our Encompass Live website. If you use your search engine of choice and just type in Encompass Live, we are the first and only thing that comes up. Nobody's allowed to use that name. I'm not copyrighted or trademarked it, but for now, if you can see, it's just us. And that will bring us to our main page and our archive page. There it goes. So here you have our upcoming shows. I mentioned earlier about recording. Today's show is recorded. All of our recordings are posted to the Nebraska Library Commission's YouTube channel for our archives. The slides will be available, too, through our slide share account. These are upcoming shows. And next week is the second half of today's Meet the NLC Part 2, when you'll be hearing from me talking about library development. Tessa Terry, our communications coordinator, gave Craymore Director of our Talking Book and Braille Service, and Deborah Dregos, our Technology and Access Services Director. So that's the other four main departments at the Nebraska Library Commission. So please do register and sign up and join us for those that session. And there's our upcoming shows for January and February. But the archives are right here beneath our upcoming shows. Most recent one at the top of the page. So that's the one from last week, before last year's. Today's will be posted. Today's will be there by the end of the day tomorrow with the link to the slides. So you'll be able to watch it. Everyone who attended today's show and registered for today's show can email from me directly to you, let you know that it's available. We also push our things out to our social media. We have up here, you can see our Facebook page. We have a Facebook page. We use Instagram and Twitter. That's all the things we use so much. And we use the hashtag of, let's see if I have one here. Yeah. And come live, hashtag. This is our reminder to log into, oh, here's a meet these presenters, reminder about today's show. And here's the notice about the recording from last week's going up. So if you do like to use Facebook, give us a like over there or follow our hashtag and come live on the other media. I'm going to go back to page year. And while we're on our archives page, I want to show you there is a search feature here. So you're wondering who did a show on any particular topic. We've got 15 years of them. We probably have done something. You can do a search. You can do search the whole archives or just the most recent 12 months if you want just something very current. But if you are searching the full show archives, do just pay attention to the original broadcast date. As I said, these all have the date when they were originally done. Many of the shows will be fine to still watch good resources and useful information that stand the test of time, but some things will become old and outdated. Resources may have changed drastically. Some may no longer exist. Links may be broken. We do not have the staff to check double check links and things out of here. So if you find something broken, let me know. And we can on a case by case basis fix that. People may not work at the same place where they worked at when they first presented for us. So do pay attention. So just pay attention to that original broadcast date if you watch anything older on here. For Nebraska library staff and board members, you can earn continuing education credits for both watching our live shows here and the recordings. So do be aware of that if you're trying to earn CE court credits towards your certification for your boards or your libraries and your library for your boards and your library staff and your accreditation, which those are both needed for your library itself. You can earn CE credits for watching the recordings and the live shows. All right. So that wraps up for today. Thank you everybody for being here. Thank you all for being here. Good to see you Rod. Happy anniversary. Yes, 15 years ago today. Well, today this week was the first show. Yeah. Wow. Crazy. Yes. All right. And we'll hopefully see you next week or on future episodes when we cut this live. Bye bye. Bye.


We had started looking at interfacial waves. Recall that our big state was one where the interface was flat and the fluid underneath was quiescent. We have started our analysis by making a number of simplifying assumptions. Among them was first we had assumed that the medium would be incompressible. This would be true when the maximum speed of gravity waves we were looking at surface gravity waves to start with would be much lower than the speed of sound. Then we also looked at the then we also made the assumption that the medium would be assumed to be inviscid, the motion would be irrotational and the domain would be horizontally and vertically unmounted. And as a first step we would neglect surface tension. We mentioned that we would revisit the horizontal and vertical unmounted assumption later on and we would also include surface tension later in our analysis. Now with all these approximations we were led to the Laplace equation for the velocity potential phi. The pressure field was governed by an unsteady Bernoulli equation. We also had boundary conditions. Among them was a new boundary condition that we learnt how to derive. It was called the kinematic boundary condition. It essentially is a statement that the interface or the free surface is a material surface and so it is an additional statement of mass conservation. We looked at the kinematic boundary condition and then we also looked at the pressure boundary condition. Here we said that we are ignore, we are going to ignore the gaseous medium above. So we are going to ignore the air as a first step. And so the motion in the air is negligible. So the air is quiescent and it only exerts a pressure on the fluid below it. That pressure can be assumed to be 0 to start with. Then we looked at the boundary conditions and then we non dimensionalized our system. Our choice of length scale was K inverse. K is a typical wave number of a interfacial perturbation that we would put on the system. Then we chose the time scale as square root gk to the power half or rather this was the frequency scale. And I said that we would revisit these scales later on and try to understand them meaningfully. So then we plug these scales into the governing equations and we obtained our non dimensional set of equations. Then our small parameter here was epsilon. The product of a typical amplitude a0 into the wave number k and we expanded as a regular perturbation in epsilon. We plugged this in into our governing equations and boundary conditions and we obtained a set of equations at order epsilon. We have to remember here that the order 1 problem here is trivial because the base state is quiescent. The only non trivial variable which has an order 1 contribution is pressure here. But in the way we have written down things we can first solve for velocity potential and the interface and from there once we have determined these two we can extract the pressure field because from the unsteady Bernoulli equation. So let us proceed with what we had obtained at order epsilon. So we had obtained these set of equations at order epsilon. In addition we had also seen that at order epsilon our boundary conditions were linearized and because in particular we had two boundary conditions at the interface. One was coming from the fact that the Bernoulli equation in the Bernoulli equation we said pressure is equal to 0 at the interface. This led to one boundary condition and the second was a kinematic boundary condition. Both of these boundary conditions were simplified by the linearized analysis by virtue of the fact that using a Taylor series approximation we applied the boundary conditions instead of applying it at the unknown boundary z is equal to eta. We applied it at the known boundary as the first term in the Taylor series approximation. So you can see that all the terms del phi 1 by del z is applied at z is equal to 0 and del phi 1 by del t is also applied at z is equal to 0. Eta 1 is not a function of z and so we do not have to worry about the z dependence there. In addition we also said that we need because our domain is horizontally unbounded it goes from minus infinity to plus infinity the variable x and the variable z goes from eta at the top to minus infinity as we go deeper and deeper in the fluid. So we have to ensure that when in an unbounded domain whatever functional dependence we find out that does not diverge as we go to arbitrarily large depths or arbitrarily large horizontal distances. So we have these finiteness conditions. Now with having set up all these equations let us now write down the solution to these set of equations. So our first set of equation is the Laplace equation and we are going to use once again variable separation. We have met this technique once when we looked at the 2D vibrations of a rectangular membrane. We have done this earlier in the course. We are going to do the same procedure here and we are also going to do a normal mode analysis. The base state is quiescent. So I am just going to look for oscillatory solutions about the quiescent base state. Let us first work on the Laplace equation. So phi 1 I am going to write it as some function capital X of small x some function capital Z of small z into e to the power i omega t. Note that this omega is non-dimensional. This is because t is non-dimensional. We are in a non-dimensional framework here. So now our main purpose is to go back and substitute this form of phi 1 into the Laplace equation. Once we do that we get back ordinary differential equations for capital X and capital Z. We have seen how to do this before. So I can write it like this x double prime by x all the x dependencies are collected on one side. Then we have minus z double prime by z. I am just substituting in the Laplace equation. The e to the power i omega t just cancels out. It will not appear anywhere. And then I have to put a separation constant. I am going to choose the separation constant to be minus 1. Why am I choosing it to be minus 1? Recall that we are doing this in non-dimensional framework. So it should be ideally minus some quantity squared. Here it would have been minus k squared. k is a typical wave number that we have introduced while doing our non-dimensionalization. We have non-dimensionalized all our length scales by k. So you can see that if we wrote down the corresponding dimensional version of this, it would just be equivalent to setting the separation constant to minus k square. Why in the negative sign? We have met this negative sign before. In this case, you can justify the negative sign from the fact that if you have a negative sign here, then the equation for x would have would be x double prime plus x is equal to 0. The corresponding equation for z would be z double prime minus z is equal to 0. You can see why we are taking a negative sign. If I put a negative sign here, then it ensures that the solutions for x are oscillatory. Recall that small x goes from minus infinity to plus infinity. If we choose a positive separation constant, let us say plus 1, then the solutions for x would be exponential with a plus x and a minus x. So e to the power plus x and e to the power minus x and it would be a linear combination of the two. Because our domain is unmounded on at both ends, so both the exponentials are going to diverge. So it is not possible to get a finite solution by eliminating any one of the constants of integration. In order to prevent that, we look for oscillatory solutions in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction, this choice of separation constant will give us two exponentials. In the vertical direction, the choice of exponential is okay because our vertical domain is semi-unbounded. So we can eliminate one of the exponential which diverges as we go to minus infinity and keep the other exponential which will anyway decay to zero as we go deeper and deeper in the fluid. So with that argument, we can now solve x double prime and the solution for x is simple. So I will call it b1 cos x plus b2 sin x. So this is a function of small x and those are small x's. Similarly, b1 and b2 are constants of integration. Small z is equal to c1 e to the power kz plus c2 e to the power minus kz. As I argued before, we said c2 to 0 because this term goes to infinity as z goes to minus infinity. So as we go deeper and deeper in the fluid, recall that our coordinate system is like this, z goes to minus infinity. So this is x, this is positive direction of z and z goes to minus infinity. We are in the deep water approximation. Because k is greater than 0, k is a wave number. It is related to wavelength. So k is greater than 0. So e to the power minus kz for negative z as we make z more and more negative, e to the power minus kz will become larger and larger. So we have to set the constant of integration to 0. And so we are left with only a single constant in the z dependence. Now let us go further with these solutions. So we are writing phi1 is equal to b1. Let me put a, let me put a prime here and I will explain why am I putting a prime because I want to reserve b1 and b2 for something else. So with this approximation, we can write the expression for phi1 as and now you can see that I can multiply and then there is of course e to the power i omega t. And now you can see that this constant can be absorbed into b1 prime and b2 prime. So I am just going to say that b1 is equal to b1 prime into c1 and b2 is equal to b2 prime into c1. So this is why I introduced a prime so that I can use b1 and c1 from here onwards. Now let us, let us now go back to our equations and try to understand. We have now got a form of phi. We now need to anticipate the form of eta. You can see that both the boundary conditions which are indicated by horizontal arrows, one is the linearized kinematic boundary condition, the other is the Bernoulli equation linearized form applied at the interface, at the linearized interface which is z is equal to 0. Both the boundary conditions tell us there is no x derivative in both the boundary conditions. So they are telling us that the x dependence of phi1 is the same as the x dependence of eta1. Now with that observation, we can anticipate that eta1 is also going to have the same functional dependence as far as x is concerned. So eta1 is also going to be a linear combination of cos x and sin x. That is because the boundary conditions do not involve any derivatives with respect to x. So we can see this is a1 cos x. So I am introducing some instead of writing it is just b1 cos x and plus b2 sin x. I am introducing some new constants, but I am keeping the functional dependency the same. So it is a linear combination of cos x plus sin x, but the constants are now different a1 and a2 for eta, eta1. Remember that eta1 is only a function of x and t, there is no z dependence. So from the normal mode approximation, this e to the power i omega t. So these two are coming from normal modes. And our purpose is just like before, we have to go back and substitute this into the equations. We anticipate that they should lead us to an eigenvalue problem and when we plug it in, it should lead us to some kind of a matrix whose determinant is going to determine omega for us. Let us see how. So we will write, so our boundary conditions are del eta1 by del t. I am just rewriting the boundary conditions. This is the linearized kinematic boundary condition at z is equal to 0 is 0.  And then del phi1 by del t at z is equal to 0 plus eta1 is equal to 0. This is 2. If we now substitute these forms of phi1 and eta1 into equation 1 and 2, then we obtain. So 1 implies, so substituting the form of eta1 and phi1 into equation 1, we obtain i omega a1 cos x plus a2 sin x. That is the derivative of eta1 into e to the power i omega t plus its complex conjugate. We have to remember to add the complex conjugate because these a1, a2, b1, b2, these in general are complex constants as we have seen earlier. So I will call this complex conjugate 1 because there is one more term which is minus del phi1 by del z in equation 1. So when I do the second derivative, that just gives me the same because the z dependence is only e to the power z. So del phi1 by del z is exactly the same expression plus its complex conjugate. So this is Cc2. So Cc2 is the complex conjugate of the term which appears on its left hand side, Cc1 is also similarly. And this is equal to 0. I can put them all together and write them as a single equation. By collecting all the coefficients of cos x, this whole thing gets multiplied by e to the power i omega t plus the complex conjugate of whatever I have written in the bracket. Only the a1 and the b1 will typically be complex conjugated. You will see that omega in this case will turn out to be a purely real quantity. So let me call this equation 3. We are now done with equation 1 because we have substituted the forms of phi1 and eta1 into 1. Let us do the same for equation 2. If we do that by an analogous procedure, we substitute and we collect all the coefficients of cos x together and cos sin x together. So 2 implies it just gives us the following equation. So we will get i omega b1. It is del phi1 by del t. So i omega and the exponential part of z vanishes because there is no derivative with respect to z firstly and then it is applied at z is equal to 0. In the previous one also it was the same argument that we had del phi1 by del z applied at z is equal to 0. So the exponential part did not appear in equation 3. So similarly, we will write one more equation now. i omega b1 plus a1 into cos x plus its complex conjugate is equal to 0. You can obtain this very easily by just substituting the forms of phi1 and eta1 into equation 2 and then collecting all the terms together. So let us call this now equation 4. Now our task is to work on equation 3 and equation 4. Now if you look at the equation 3 and equation 4, firstly it is enough to just work on the term which appears and not worry about the complex conjugate part because that is just the cc of what is written here. So in both the expressions you will see that we have a linear combination of cos x and sin x multiplied by e to the power i omega t. We want this to be 0 at all times the entire expression. e to the power i omega t is not 0 at all times. So we have to look at the expression inside the square bracket. So you can readily see that what is inside the square bracket in both equation 3 and equation 4 is a linear combination of cos x and sin x because cos x and sin x are linearly independent. So we have to set the coefficients of this to 0 in order to satisfy equation 4. So we are led to 4 equations. Equation 3 implies, so each of the coefficients of cos x and sin x are 0. So equation 3 implies i omega a1 minus b1 is equal to 0. Equation 3 this is the coefficient of cos x that we wrote. Now let us write the coefficient of sin x that is also 0. Equation 4 the coefficient of cos x is just i omega b1 plus a1 is equal to 0. Equation 4 the coefficient of sin x is i omega b2 plus a2 is equal to 0. So we have 4 equations and it is really telling us something very interesting. So we can for example use this. So we have 4 unknowns a1, a2, b1, b2. You can make this into 2 unknowns for example by using this one or two of these equations to eliminate. So for example we can express b1 in terms of a1. You can pay attention that this the first and the second equation just tells us that b1 is equal to i omega a1 and b2 is equal to i omega a2. You can also see that the last 2 equations basically tell us. So for example if I take this equation then it tells us that i omega b1 is equal to minus a1. So this is really b1 is equal to minus, so if I multiply both sides by i omega then I get minus omega square here and minus i omega a1 and this tells me that omega b1 is equal to i a1 and so b1 is equal to i a1 by omega. So now you can immediately see that if you compare this with the first equation that I have written here then you can immediately see that the first equation tells us b1 is equal to i omega a1 and this equation tells us b1 is equal to i by omega into a1. If I substitute this then I obtain i omega a1 is equal to i omega a1 and this is telling me that omega square is equal to 1. This is the dispersion relation that we are basically finding. Now formally you can do this a little bit more formally by not taking any 2 of these equations but working on all 4 of them. Now formally you can do this by taking not 2 of these equations as we have seen but working on all 4 of them and convincing yourself that that essentially leads to the same dispersion relation. So what you can do is you can do this more formally by thinking of these 4 equations. So this equation, this equation, this equation and this equation as an equation in a1 a2 b1 b2. So I can write this as a set of homogeneous equations in a1 a2 b1 b2. So let us do that. So first we write the coefficient of a1 then a2 then b1 then b2. So for the first equation the coefficient of a1 is i omega a2 is 0, the coefficient of a2 is 0 then minus 1 and the coefficient of b2 is 0. Similarly in the second equation 0 i omega 0 minus 1. Third equation 1 0 i omega 0 and fourth equation 0 1 0 i omega and this is equal to because this is a homogeneous set. So everything is 0 on the right hand side. So that is our matrix whose determinant will determine the frequencies at which the system can oscillate. If you solve this matrix you will just find that this is just equivalent to omega 4 or if you write the determinant of this matrix rather this is just equal to omega 4 minus twice omega square plus 1 is equal to 0. This can be written as omega square minus 1 whole square is equal to 0 and so we have plus minus 1. So we find essentially the same answer as we had found by just looking at two of the equations. Let us now use these to write down the solutions. So we will have one of the frequencies is 1. Remember that this is a non-dimensional omega. So in scaled units this is 1 when we dimensionalize our expressions we will obtain the real dispersion relation. Let us now write it. So we have found now that eta 1 is equal to a 1 cos x plus a 2 sin x into e to the power i omega t. I am not yet writing that omega is 1 but it is understood that omega is 1. Phi 1 was b 1 cos x plus b 2 sin x e to the power i omega t plus cc. We can express using the four equations that we have found between a 1, a 2, b 1, b 2. We can express b 1 in terms of a 1 and b 2 in terms of a 2. If we do that then we get a i omega here and a 1 here. We are just using this equation b 1 is equal to i omega e 1 a 1 and b 2 is equal to i omega a 2 to express b 1 and b 2 in terms of a 1 and e 2. And so we have this. So I can write this further as we have now omega a 1 cos x plus a 2 sin x e to the power i omega t plus pi by 2 plus cc. I have absorbed the i here in the phi 1 as a phase e to the power i pi by 2 is alright. Now can we proceed in real notation? So let us try to make this into slightly more real notation. So if I remember that there are complex conjugates everywhere then this will become a 1 plus a 1 bar. This is familiar to you from our earlier exercise plus i times a 1 minus a 1 prime. This is cos t and this is sin t. I am now putting omega is equal to 1. So this we have recall that omega square is equal to 1 is our dispersion relation. So omega is equal to 1 and it is really plus minus 1 but I am already taking the minus into account in the complex conjugate. We have done this before and so I am writing e to the power i t as cos t plus i sin t.  If you add up everything and collect the coefficient of cos x you will find that the coefficient of cos x is this and the coefficient of sin x is that. This is more complicated than the problems that we have done before because here we have a variable where there are three dependencies. There is a time dependency and there are two space dependencies x, z and then in addition there is a time dependency. In the earlier 2D vibration problem we also had a similar thing where the displacement of the membrane eta in that case I think we used as a function of x, y and t. Here eta is just a function of x, t phi 1 is a function of x, z and t. Again I am substituting omega is equal to 1 sin x. Once again you can see that this is completely real because a1 plus a1 bar is real, i times a1 minus a1 bar is also real. And so this is completely real. One can similarly write down an expression for phi 1, phi 1 would have a e to the power z. So I have missed e to the power z here and similarly a1 plus a1 bar and in this case this would be cos t plus pi by 2. That is because there is a pi by 2 here, omega is again 1. So it is just cos t plus pi by 2 plus i a1 minus a1 bar sin t plus pi by 2. And we can work on those cos t plus pi by 2 and sin t plus pi by 2 later on. This whole thing multiplies cos x plus again e to the power z into and we can simplify this t to the power of t plus pi by 2, t plus pi by 2 to obtain the actual answer in terms of real variables.


Bro, I like it too much. They're scared.  That's why I put it in their face. Ha, ha, ha. So this is where we're at. Here on the beach, just grabbing some drinks, eating some food. This is called the mojito bar. I'm going to zoom in right there to the mojito bar. This is the mojito bar on Cabareté Beach. It is Monday, January 14, 2019. And we are in Cabareté Beach, Dominican Republic. The water is beautiful. The weather is perfect. This is what we call paradise. This is my idea of paradise. What do you guys think? If you guys like this video, smash the like button. Comment down below. Share this video everywhere. One day, you too, if you work hard, you can be chilling on Cabareté Beach. It's true. It's your boy Rich and I'm Mo. Peace.