Welcome to module 20 of point set topology part one. So today we will discuss one small application of the Bares category theorem. As I have told you, all these three big theorems in metric spaces, they have many many applications in analysis. For example, the Benach contraction mapping principle is used in the existence and uniqueness of initial value problems, boundary value problems and so on in differential equations. So instead of calling theorem people will like to call them as principle because the result they want to use is the principle rather than the final result which Benach compract mapping theorem says. So today we will just give you just a small application in the elementary analysis. Since we cannot discuss the big applications of this in function analysis in this course, we start with a domain inside R, take a function, any function, real world function, take subsets of J which are open intervals, non-empty open intervals, those things I will denote by I, J could be any domain connected, open connected, need not be a some open subset of R will do that is all or even close subsets of a close interval or whatever. The function has to have a domain so J is that. For each fixed open non-empty open interval contained inside J, let us put this notation omega fi which is the difference of the supremum and the infimum of fx taken over the entire of i. So you take the supremum first, get the infimum and then take the derivative or you can just look at modulus of fx minus fy and take the supremum of these quantities as x and y freely range over i, i is fixed in here, for each i I have this number okay, maybe this could be infinity also, I do not mind okay plus infinity is also allowed alright. So only thing is I am assuming that i is non-empty so this will not be something like minus infinity plus infinity and so on which will not make sense, so this always makes sense. So this quantity is called oscillation of f in i, so you can say that how the difference between fx and fy how large it could be, so that is oscillation. Now for each fixed x you take all neighborhoods of i which are intervals, open intervals around i okay, put omega of fx equal to infimum of all this omega fi where i ranges now x is fixed there okay, so these are all subsets of the domain whatever. So A B should be J not here? A B could be J, so you know depends upon what you have taken for the domain of f, normally it does not matter because you will have to take i smaller and smaller, so it is around x that is what is important. So omega of fx is called the oscillation of f at x, for example I will just give you a very simple minded example, look at a step function, so here I am taking the domain as closed interval 0, 2 okay, it does not matter what you take, it does not matter, but I want to include a step function, so it should include some points wherein the breaking is over. I believe that you all know step function, so here is 1, fx is equal to 1 in the interval 0 to 1 open, it is equal to 2 from closed interval 1 to 2, so at 1 x equal to 1 there is a break here you can see okay, then take any sub interval around i around 1, this i is around 1 okay, look at or any sub interval open subset you have take which contains i, omega fi will be exactly 1 okay, now if you take the infimum it will be also 1 okay, so omega f1 will be 1, remember omega fx is the infimum of all omega fi okay, here is a picture what happens, this is a step function at 0 to 1 it is this 1 okay, I have deliberately changed here in the thing, here you could jump or this point you could be a put it here does not matter, the difference modulus okay, for any point here point here the value the difference is always 1, so the infimum will be also 1 okay, now you have definitions of continuous functions usually you take the domain to be an open set right, so I have taken open interval finally you can you discuss of continuity in at closed intervals also finally, but to begin with you take open intervals anyway, so take an open interval okay, take a point x inside that take a function it is continuous at that point if and only if the oscillation at that point is 0 okay, so this could have been right in the beginning you are a definition of continuity because if and only if but you have defined continuity in a different way, so let us just check it it is very straightforward okay, suppose omega fx is 0 then we want to prove that f is continuous in the epsilon delta definition, so given epsilon positive we must produce delta such that omega f okay, omega f y is less than or epsilon for all y such that modulus of y minus delta is less than delta y because look at this we want finally given a point x and y okay, y near x namely modulus of y minus x less than delta modulus of fx minus of y is less than epsilon if that is true for all x y inside that the supremum will be also less than that which is same thing as omega f, so I am using this part of the definition here these two are equal is obvious to verify only thing you have to know what is the meaning of supremum and infimum all right, so now omega fx is 0 first of all implies there exists an open interval i around x such that omega f y must be less than epsilon if the infimum is 0 this has to be less than epsilon right also you can see that you are taking infimum when you take a smaller set smaller set of values you will get you see larger set the infimum could be larger, so omega of i1 will be less than omega at i2 f is common here so that is f here choose delta positive such that i delta is x minus delta x plus delta contained inside i so this i delta is just in a short notation then omega of f i delta will be less than epsilon because I have already made omega of f i is less than epsilon, so now for any y in i delta what is the meaning of i delta that modulus of y minus x is less than delta okay look at all the infimum of fz such that z belong into i z that will be left i delta that will less than f y because I am taking infimum here y is one of the points here and that f y will be less than supremum of all the fz that belong this one because f y occurs here as well as here therefore when you take the difference f y minus f x that will be less than omega f i delta okay which is supremum of this minus infimum of that all right so therefore that will be less than epsilon okay omega f delta is already chosen to be less than delta less than epsilon because it is less than omega f i so this proves the continuity the other way around is even simpler so I will leave it to use an exercise this is just to warm up so that you might have forward continuity epsilon and the continuity definition and that is all so what I am interested in is take f from r to r any function and df be the set of all points at which f is discontinuous so d for discontinuous the set of points of discontinuity is an f sigma z okay so this is the proposition okay so here there is no continuity remember f is continuous some point it is not continuous at all the point you have applied this g delta f sigma for continuous functions now I am taking set of discontinuities is f sigma so how to prove this these are standard methods in real analysis so it is the method should be paid attention to you know they are educative that is why look at sn all points x in r such that omega fx is greater than or equal to one by n why I am looking at this I am looking at the points wherein omega fx is not zero omega fx is always non negative if it is zero corresponds to continuities of f so I am looking at points wherein it is positive it is positive it must be bigger than equal to one by n for some n so that is why look at this set okay then if you take df which is all points wherein it is positive will be the union of essence right because every point must be bigger than one by n for something at every point something this must be bigger than one by n so df will be union of essence we need to show that each s then is closed then this will be f sigma over okay so here is something I am not claiming omega fx is continuous or anything okay but greater than equal to one by n is a closed set is what I am claiming if it were continuous function this would have been obvious so let x be not in sn okay I should show that there is a open subset around x some delta whatever for that it is not in sn okay the whole open set is not in sn that means I am trying to prove that complement of sn is open okay suppose x is not in sn then omega fx by definition is less than one by n okay which in turn what is omega fx it is the infimum of all omega fi where i is some interval around x so that will this is less than f one by n means that there is an open set open interval i such that x is inside i and that oscillation inside i is less than one by n okay for other intervals it may be bigger but at least one of them must be there otherwise infimum will be bigger than equal to one by n so infimum is less means one at least one of the values must be less than one but then for all y in i okay i is an open interval omega f y will also less than one by n because now I have to take infimum over all these things one of the values is already one by n okay when I range y when I range i okay so where i is one of the things and y is ranging inside i so for every i fix i fix y around y one of the values is one by n so omega f y will be less than one by n okay so from x to y we are coming through this interval your i is a common interval here so once this this happens what happens the whole interval i is contained inside the complement of sn for each point you have what a interval so sn is open all right okay so coming to the proof of final theorem what you are going to do is combining this proposition that this tefsig mass heck okay along with what along with our example that what was the example let us have a look at it this example said that if you take any subset close subset of of irrational numbers then it is no inheritance so let us go here that is the example here okay the set of irrational numbers is not if f sigma right why if once it is contained inside irrational number it is no inheritance so that is that is the discussion here in fact what we have done is even if it contains a rational number it is it is f sigma because either rational numbers or irrational numbers they do not contain any interval but close subset you have taken all right so the conclusion here is there is no function from our power which is continuous at all rational numbers and discontinuous set all irrational numbers why df for such a thing would be exactly equal to r minus q then this proposition says that r minus q is what f sigma there is no problem about that but f sigma means what all these essence are close subsets of r minus q therefore it is no inheritance therefore I have written the rational numbers as what countable union of no inheritance sets that is not possible was the example okay the countable union of no inheritance sets is not possible for all the irrational numbers so there is no such function so this is not at all such a important result but what why I have put it here is just an illustration of the power of the BCT bias category theorem from very many things to very strong things it can control very important things can control just to complete the picture I want to remind you that if you interchange the role of rational and irrational here there are such functions there are continuous functions such that at all rational points they are discontinuous and at all irrational points they are continuous it is continuous so the so the df can be the set of rational numbers or any subset of it also no problem at a few points of rational irrational numbers also it is just the rational numbers it is not possible that is the conclusion of this theorem okay so here is that function which is which has many many names so it goes by idea goes back to Dirichlet Dirichlet add a other some slightly different put one here instead of zero here so Thome has slightly modified it and it becomes a quite interesting example so fx is zero if x is irrational and 1 by q if x is p by q with gcd of pq equal to 1 okay so just to remind you what will be f of zero in this f of zero by this definition see you have to write zero is a rational number how do you write zero zero as zero divided by one you have to write that is the only way gcd of p and q can be equal to 1 when p is zero therefore the value of this function at x equal to zero is 1 by 1 what is 1 okay I am just explaining the definition all this okay suppose we have 5 by 10 then you should write it as 1 by 2 and then it will be 1 by 2 suppose you have 15 by 25 then you will have to write it as 3 by 5 then this should be 1 by 5 and so on the continuity of this one is interesting the property of rational numbers or more more so of irrational number that I will not discuss this is very standard okay so let us stop here next time we will do one more serious result and that will be the end of this chapter okay so tomorrow we will do one more serious result about metric spaces namely completion of metric spaces any questions okay so this the theorem about discontinuity set of discontinuity is being f sigma set is there any analogous result for metric spaces metric spaces is can it be extended complete metric space is serious you see complete metric spaces you can formally say you know what you need to show first of all you can try to see that this omega f f x direct to 1 you should be able to show that it is closed so where how far you have used here what is the meaning of the oscillation etc you will have to be very carefully able to define okay so what is that you have to take neighborhoods instead of I you can you can just restrict yourselves to just close the open balls around that point no problem look at all x comma y it is ranging in the open ball okay modulus of f minus f y but the values have to be real value functions okay or not arbitrary then there is no infimum and supremum so domain can be arbitrary metric space but you have to put completeness okay then at least it makes sense so you have to check it it is a good exercise try it good question so try it and see how far all these things go okay countable union automatically comes just like this one so if you can show that these are close subsets which is not difficult any compliment is open is similar to proof is here okay now the problem problem here is why these essence okay are no evidence so you do not have irrational numbers and so on there in arbitrary metric okay so what is the conclusion it is f sigma up to there you are fine okay so you have to assume that the set of suppose I assume the set of discontent is is no evidence does not sorry has empty interior yeah only empty no content no that kind of things you have to show first assume that then that cannot be a set of discontinuities set of continuity sorry set of discontinuities okay so I have what I mean to say there is no concept of the set of irrational numbers or compliment irrational numbers and so on in arbitrary metric space so you have to replace the corresponding by correct hypothesis that's all okay all right let's stop here


Hello folks Happy to see you. This is one of the small angles of this big huge conference center. So it was really hard Forcoming and today I would like to talk about deploying cloud applications Hold one of the talks this post speaker gersen To join me a little bit later Today we are going to cover a short overview of those languages compare them by several Criterias and how we'll talk about Cloud bands journey in selecting languages for they platform today application How's a platform support cloud applications like and NFE use cases and we will have time for talking for questions And we'll try to answer them So once again our objective for today is give you Enough knowledge and help to help you make an informed decision to which of each language and which tool to use for your next Apply cloud application regardless you are going to use it for NFE use cases or some ITSS service or just regular WordPress So let's go quickly through these languages But before that, I would like to clarify. What is DSL most of these three languages hot Murano PL and Tosca Explained it as DSL. So DSL is a domain specific languages which is specific of Applied specifically in some specific use case and in our case use case is deploying and managing application on top of the cloud So three languages hot Murano PL and Tosca we selected this with languages because they are available natively in OpenStack and Here when we are talking about these languages. We're also talking about the implementations in OpenStack for hot is obviously heat for Murano PL is Murana and Tosca Slightly different. Tosca has project which called heat translator, which is responsible for translating Tosca definition to the heat template and deploy it through heat. So basically You take your Tosca template and deploying it using heat so you can use only Compabilities available in Tosca, which are also available in heat But regardless of that We also will talk about language most oldest language in From this three is Tosca. It started the development of Tosca started five years ago and Initially, it was XML based language for defining Defining application definitions laterly around two years ago two years and months ago first public draft of Tosca simple profile in YAML was published which is available by the link You can see on the slide So all the ideas of Tosca was started developing five years ago But implemented in YAML as what we see in heat translator two years ago Murano PL was started also three years two years ago one year and 11 months and Heat is three year ago and first public release was Gawanna with hot templates Probably also interesting point is how huge is community around this language given that hot and Murano PL available only on OpenStack Given that the implementations are also only available in OpenStack for now is 130 developers in metaka for heat templates and hot 9 history development developers in metaka from run appeal For Tosca we count slightly differently This is OpenStandard not yet published. It's still in draft. I'm talking specifically about Tosca simple profile in YAML Original Tosca, which is XML based already in Oasis standard. So this language is developed in Oasis and it's Community where any company can join and join this working group working on this language So they have 135 members who working on developing and extending this language I truly believe that one of the important thing about language is Which is Is it imperative or declarative? So this language two of them are declarative Heat templates and Tosca are declarative languages So essentially you declaratively describe what you want to achieve as a result of the execution of this definition and Morana PL is imperative so you specifically say what morana engine needs to do in order to Give you a needed result Also, you have them are based on the YAML though Hot and Tosca can be natively translated can be parsed as YAML per se Morana is slightly different. We use some extensions of YAML language. So we have constructions which are not really Maybe parsed with like this bear YAML parser But still it's YAML based and completely confirms YAML standard So with our extensions which are allowed by the standard morana PL can be parsed as YAML each of these three language are Here following that like I described it described it as resource-oriented or object-oriented I Will explain a little bit later in more details. What do I mean by that? But specifically for heat resource-oriented means that most of the constructs constructs in your language are Resource and in specifically for heat. It's your cloud resource your VM your Network your port which you attach this VM to this network or any other cloud resource in one appeal in Tosca they are Both of them are object-oriented slide but slightly in different ways, obviously, but still Object oriented it means that in case of morana PL you operate it by objects and object can be anything you can have an object of Your application which defines different scale up scale down methods of your application deploy remove for anything Or it can be a class which provides you AVM or it can be class which provides some specific functionality or set of utilities anything object-oriented language in Tosca, it's also object-oriented by slightly in different ways in Tosca you can define Interface and have implementation for this interface and you can hide and behind this resource quite anything and It can be also another application. It can be some resource. It can be some something But not we are not specifically cloud resource So this is like several Metrics which I think it's important to know about language even like before everything before going through details of which Hot was inspired by Amazon cloud formation. So heat as a open stick itself started as a clone of AWS and For a long time about a year, I believe he'd only supported cloud formations in place Which are literally were compatible and one-on-one matching to AWS cloud formation language but slowly slowly to Reuse capabilities which are provided by open stack Getting more and more different from AWS He needed something to accommodate it and they had two ways extend cloud formation and make it not compatible with AWS AWS cloud formation like templates or Make something else on top of that like as a language, which will accommodate all these capabilities immersed in open stack. So in 2013 first heat hot based templates began Was available with how I'm on release in open stack heat is This really languages and given that we have implementation in in a heat translator for Tosca holds the latest contributors community and It means that most probably you'll be more quickly addressed if you have a question about language Or you have a bug in this language using heat then run appeal or Tosca as a former PDL from running it said to say but it's true and and one really thing which heat is really good and this is why we use heat in Murana To do resource allocation is explicitly declaring resource topology, which you need to stand up your VMs your networks your drives everything which you need to Spin up and make sure that each one of this resource will be Allocated and especially with new convergence feature, which he team is delivering with Mitaka as a first place and probably Newton as a second phase given even fuser in Making sure that what you requested will be truly allocated for you and delivered not maybe of exactly like In this second, but eventually your store your state which requested the state of the this stack will be Converged to stack that you requested even if it diverts at some point of time few things about Murana PL so Muran appeal is imperative object-oriented language everything is an object everything and Imperative obviously means workflows. So in Murana, you natively have a workflow and you can Specifically say please go here bring up this cluster Configure this endpoint on this node and go to this node do this thing and pass to this node before this node will complete the deployment Muran appeal syntax is appealing for Java and Python developers because it's really close to any Simple object-oriented programming language Java, Pine and C sharp you name it and we intentionally did that because one was a Really important thing for any language regardless is a DSL or not. Is it programming general programming language or whatever is? How is it easy to pick up it? How is it to start developing in it? Is it intuitively understandable how to write for cycle or if in this language and one of the things which I would like to attribute to Muran appeal as advantage and highlight more than highlight is ease of composition and Ability to heavily reuse different components giving that you're writing as in traditional languages different classes and interfaces and can do inheritance All the object-oriented stuff it gives you a truly remarkable way to obstruct your pieces of your court your stuff that you implemented in Different classes and upload them to the Cadillac, which is also one of the things which stands Murna and one appeal from other two is built in Cadillac capabilities So we basically have a place in the cloud where you can publish your applications your libraries You choose which you developed your small pieces which can be used by any member of your team and And talking about Muran appeal I can't stop talking not to mention yackle yet another query language This is embeddable and extendable query language, which is used by Murana, Mistral, Fuel and hopefully heated some point of time in heat There's initiative to replace the Intristic functions which used in heat to extract some value from different resources By query by yackle you can see a few examples of how Yackle works and how looks like this query This is a rappel so you can run do people install yackle run yackle, load some JSON file and do queries on it Yackle doesn't work on JSON. It works on any arbitrary object structure Python object structure and it's important because Comparing to like JSON can can have circle the circle circles in the graph and so on source. Yackle can handle that a lot But we are not talking about yackle specifically today a Tosca Which is really good about Tosca its open standard and at some point it will be accepted as an open public standard and It's already in industry standard in NFE kind of given how young is NFE overall Tosca have a lots of implementation. We have one in open stack through means of heat translator We have Cloudify, which is also open source a project meaning to implement Tosca and Cloudify now trying to adapt the engine to be publicly available to anyone to Develop the own orchestrator on top of this language and they call this project I believe area and they're going with Apache foundation just in case your career curious guys so and most most Famous companies like Nokia with a cloud band product obviously and others. Yeah, I know that HP kind of have that have their own implementations which is good and I believe that Tosca is best suited for development of applications which One side are close to infrastructure, but at the same time they all subtracted for me and I will explain it a little bit later more So I would like to compare this language in three Criteria first of all learning curve so hot Has a good documentation really good? Honestly, I admire it because we use it almost every day when we develop more on applications in order to stand up different allocation strategy Was designed after AWS confirmation meaning if you have some DevOps experience with IWS You probably know how to develop using heat. At least you can quickly adopt More appeal moderate set for the admitted but true Docs are scarce We will be working on that. I hope you have complete reference for the language and core library at some point of time It's really hard But it's a good side of it. It's looks like Java and Python so if you don't really Scary to get your hands dirty and you know how to program you'll have no troubles Tosca I would also say moderate because Essentially have a specification which tells about language but problem with this specification is different among patients and different implementations are Truly can be different. So basically most of the time you can't run same Tosca template on two different engines They will not run and this brings it to the fact that if you want to develop something need to learn and Remember if you're developing for this engine, you have this is in this and don't have this. That's why moderate On a good side is really close to how hot looks like so also pretty easily to adapt Second criteria is how to how easy is to create reusable components in the language X? I Would say how it is moderate because applications can be defined and super positions of other resources and templates essentially if you want to abstract some part of your template basically several resources together you create another template and can reference one from another by URL and by and You provide input parameters Good side that even most complex imaginable topology of resources can be stand up like this super easy and and All logic behind each resource is written on Python. So essentially if you want to extend Capabilities available in hot you need to write on the Python your resource implementations and at the same time most of the heat resource Hot team plates are written for specific. Oh, sorry a written for specific clouds meaning that You use internal stuff internal knowledge about your cloud inside your template More appeal is as I already mentioned quite easy to implement reusable components because you have object-oriented design for your pieces And you can upload them in turn in a way of library to the catalogue like with literally library like dynamic DLLs and so files But not obviously DLLs And you have building catalogue so you can charge them publicly with anyone in community or inside your cloud Tosca is close to heat But at the same time slightly different. So in Tosca you have interfaces so you can abstract Different pieces behind the interface and have completely different implementations That sort of that each implementation is most probably something written on Python tell something Rarely, it's the same time Tosca. So in run appeal All business logic is Tosca. Oh, sorry is more on appeal in Tosca business logic The other sources are some other language probably Python if you're talking about Python back the implementations of Tosca Good side you have a way to create reusable component Czar. It's archive of your application. Oh a few more beats infrastructure abstraction How application developers abstracted for me structure infrastructure how deeply I Need to know on which cloud you are going to run my application What does cloud have which projects and which capabilities? So in how this limited you need to know which resources you have in this cloud or you end up like so huge list of different Parameters which you need to pass idea of the network idea of this idea of that or whatever In one appeal is limited because of one huge thing Huge mistake which we did we didn't pay so much attention in developing this core library in developing these abstractions We have them you can write them, but we don't have built in many of those We have networks. We have VMs, but Not so much other stuff you can do directly going to heat and in Tosca is easy because you have interfaces you can make implementation of like interface of these interface of that and first of those and Don't think about underlying cloud implementation Downside hard to use in different different engines, but if you're talking about same engine, but different clouds It's works well On this note, I would like to pass This presentation to how she will explain and talk about how cloud band was using heat and using Tosca in the product Hello everyone So I would like to share our journey with you First of all, what is cloud man cloud man is a portfolio of NFV solutions The three main ones that we have is cloud band infrastructure software cloud band application manager and cloud man network director a Little bit louder. I don't know if it's possible. Can I move the mic up? Go ahead? Okay. Is this okay? Yeah, you hear me Good. Oh a lot of people. Okay. And so the last two that I mentioned are the ones that are relevant for choosing Technology to develop and deploy your cloud applications so I Want to talk to you about the journey that we've made from 2012 that was mostly a proprietary Solution to a community-based solutions that we have today as you see here in the headline see VN FM Virtual network function manager. This is the way that we deploy our application so What we have in 2012 is the VN FM that was a proprietary solution that we made with our partners on old partner a Past life of Cloudify giga spaces together. We had a full comprehensive complete solution that enabled us to deploy scale Heal monitor and upgrades applications This is how it worked They parsed DSL it was a groovy based DSL and Requested the resources and then installed them our job was to take care of all their customers policies and Making sure that application was placed optimally in the best possible distribution they can do So why did we need to evolve if we had a working solution? well at the time The customer started a wanted open openness and talking about it Vendor locking was something that everyone wanted to avoid and our partners realized this as well They declared that the product has reached end of life and started working on a new product completely different also managing application, but Different and with the same name So we found ourselves at 2013 with a decision to make what's DSL? Should we go with in order to develop and deploy cloud applications? So our design drivers were these first of all after our experience with a proprietary language We wanted standard DSL now This was obvious for us Secondly, we wanted our VNF manager to be generic We didn't want to limit ourselves to a specific set of application or even to a specific application in specific company We wanted everyone to be able to work with our solution Next thing we wanted to support multi-cloud from a very similar reason for why we wanted the generic VNFM We didn't want to limit ourselves to a specific cloud or specific cloud vendor and Lastly being a part of the telco world that we wanted their product to be at a high level of service ability The two main options that were on the table at the time were either Tosca DSL with our own engine implemented inside cloud band or Hot using the heat engine that's written in the community We went with the Tosca option first of all was it was in a very early stages then and was little immature actually So we preferred to rely on an engine written at home that we know will work and we can use it another reason is that We looked at their design drivers and we saw okay, so we wanted the multi-cloud multi-cloud vendor and hot was focused on open Stock, so we didn't really fit our needs Didn't feel this design driver Another thing is that Tosca had been developed inside the Oasis and all the right companies were there so it really looked like it's going to be a standard and That is why we chose it So what we did is we implemented our own Java based Tosca engine Inside cloud band we relied on the latest working draft that was published at the time and All our objectives were met, but we still needed to keep evolving Why is that and The time that it took us to develop Tosca a lot of things change in heats More and more people joined more and more company joined and features were added all the time Making hot very popular amongst different VNFs and VNF vendor a lot of VNFs were implemented in hot and Customers came to us and asked for features that were already available in hot This led to a situation that we were kind of always one step behind which are Tosca implementation because at the time it took us to add a feature implemented in hot it wasn't available for customers to use and New features were added in the meantime and requested later Also Believe that's a side some of the requirements that came by for feature didn't really fit Tosca Tosca is a solution that is built that you can Create an application that could move from cloud to cloud You can't really have feature that are specific to only one cloud because then your application Can't be deployed another one and some of the features request Were relevant only for OpenStack So it really didn't fit So these are the reason so We had to make another decision or it wasn't really a decision because it's pretty clear that we needed to add hot support In our our product. We still wanted a generic VNFM like before and of course still co-grade service ability But this time we understood that OpenStack is very popular and it's only going to be more popular Which was right as you know each summit there are more and more people here so we focused on OpenStack and we wanted to expose all of the Veeam all of the OpenStack if we're talking about OpenStack all of the OpenStack capabilities that are specific for OpenStack so odd decision was that we needed to adapt to our customer needs and also, we didn't want to go in that direction and Lose ignore hot and lose all of the VNF that are already implemented. We didn't want to make it hard for people To use our products So what we did is we started promoting and recommended our customers to use the hot DSL and the heat engine and Also, we exposed it in our product and leveraged heat the main thing was that you could use our product to Access as an access point bring your own hot templates and From our interface you can choose what OpenStack version you would like So we still had the possibility to support multiple OpenStack distributions so you can have a redder distribution or our own distribution that is based on reddit or Any other maybe even vanilla OpenStack so you can plug it into our system bring your hot templates choose which OpenStack node you would like and deploy it there and I'll let you write it in my notes We as We changed our focus a little bit and included it to allow VNFs to be deployed in OpenStack some of you might know that VNFs were built very closely to the hardware and and Sometimes they needed very specific things and sometimes they weren't available on OpenStack yet So because we decided to focus it on OpenStack Then we filled all the gaps that we can find in all of the VNFs that were Deployed on cloud band or wanted to partner up with club and even VNFs that weren't developed in-house Then we feel all the gaps needed to be filled in OpenStack So definitely our recommendation when it comes to VNFs is hot Sorry so all of this is relevant also to Alcatelusent before the merger with Nokia and I want to talk about another product as well. So all this journey Was we talked about the VNF manager VNF manager is responsible for deploying a single VNF There is another product that we are working on in a cloud band network director Which is an NFVO Network function virtualization orchestrator. It allows you to take multiple VNFs and connect them together and It's two needs a DSL So we needed to make a decision for that one as well. So this is the NFVO We wanted a generic NFVO from the same reason that we wanted a generic VNFM for the VNFM product and This time we wanted a standard DSL and we wanted Multicloud and Multicloud vendor and we wanted a telecom greater visibility as before so This time around Very different from the the decision we made before for our combination of hot we chose Tosca Heat and hot are only for OpenStack and Tosca is a solution that can be a Very universal compared to it and the problems that we had with it originally That VNF vendors wanted Specific capabilities from OpenStack isn't relevant here NFVO is a layer above it You use the VNFM in the NFVO when you want to deploy your VNF you the NFVO sends a request to the manager and the manager is responsible for all of the headache of talking to a specific cloud This is a higher level version So if you remember when you said before that Tosca was too high level here It's an advantage because it's a high level in the right amount so for NFVO that deploys network service our recommendation is definitely Tosca and I think it's time for questions, so please join me Thank you folks It's it's not clear for me why we should have a YAML based language In Murano, why not use plain white language? it's Pretty difficult to pitch you now Maybe you can clarify. Yeah, sure. So why Murano started using their own language DSL invented on DSL comparing to using already existing Python, Lua, anything which can be embedded actually so To make Python embeddable and secure to in order to be able to run on controller nodes You need to be Google with the App Engine or have a team of 100 people so we didn't have that so we went with our own language Which is sandboxed but built on top of Python So Murano PL doesn't have compiler doesn't have translator doesn't have anything which is almost direct mapping to Python So actually you when you're writing for cycle you're writing for cycle on Python But at the same time you're only able to use so much which is exposed in Murano PL in YAML So we gave sandboxed language to the users Instead of use giving ability to use anything and run Unsecurely on cloud as you remember any of our users application developers can develop their own piece of code and Uploaded the catalogue which some other user will execute on controller node in order to deploy application So you have no check like you need to use a hundred percent trust to this code and run it super securely Or use something else which will guarantee security for your code. That's why we invented our YAML language at that time Murano started in 2012 in 2013 we changed language from XML to YAML There was not so much container stuff so probably now We will we would consider Running some existing Python language in some container spawn container run something then destroy it But at that time we didn't have this choice So I have my answer to your question. Yeah You mentioned about G when a generic vnfm Will that satisfy the requirements of vendor specific vnfm. Can I deploy a G vnfm and take it off? majority of my vnfm needs Now can you repeat the question, please? So This is about generic vnfm Will it satisfy the need because some of the vendors come with their own vnfm manager And if we have to go with the generic vnfm How feasible it is? model I'm a software engineer at Nokia so First of all it will have to be implemented in a language that's the Engine knows how to work with it should be over a specific cloud. That's fit it and secondly a Specific vnfm is also an application. We are never talking on a hardware So even a specific vnfm can be deployed as part of the application if there is a specific monitor needs you needs to fulfill Are you talking about something that needs to run? vnfm with a generic vnfm Instead of deploying specific vnfms. Can I have one single generic vnfm? Yes, and one is targeting this Market we would like to be generic vnfm But for now everyone talking about toscar as general as orchestrator as a manager and So far we going can you expand a bit on What you called a network service in your last slide I believe it was and you chose toscar for that versus for a vnf you chose but What's the difference network service versus vnfm and The other question was how does tacker? fit in with or cloudify Fitting with With your cloud band problem Okay, so first of all the difference between a vnfm and NFVO is that a vnfm is a generic manager for a specific vnf It knows how to manage it knows how to deploy it out to scale the real everything around the life cycle On the other end NFVO allows you to take on a high level the vnf and Connect them together, but it doesn't do all the Dirty work itself what it does is it talks Using a restful API it talks to with the vnfm and request it. Please deploy a vnf with such and such details for instance With the name x and vendor y and then the vnfm does it. He knows how to deal with it so right now And cloudify aren't part of the solution offered in cloud band, but everything that we are doing we are trying to do It's as generically as possible So if we will need to integrate with other solution, we are open to that. I Believe tacker is the NFM and the catalog as well. It's the open stock project tackler right any more questions Thank you so much. We'll be here in other Few minutes by 10. So if you have more questions come to us, we'll be happy to answer. Thank you guys


So guys I am back with another modern warfare 2 video and today guys I showcased you a glitch so broken I'm pretty sure Activision won't want you using this although it is a glitch I don't believe it's a bannable offence it's something in game that you can do by mistake but hey it could completely ruin and make battle royale grand war any mode where there's a vehicle an absolute walk in the park for players abusing this today we're getting to how's it going guys my name's dpg and if you do enjoy the video leaving a like really helps out anything like what you see you want to see more be sure to subscribe okay so this is basically a working wall hack ping or players in your site of view and around the map it's ridiculous now I will say stay out of battle royale stay out of invasion stay out of ground war with this it will just completely ruin the mod yes this will be patched hopefully as soon as possible I'm going to showcase this to you guys in DMZ now like I said it works but there's any mode of a vehicle any mode with any vehicle simple so I'm going to go into DMZ now there's only a couple of things you need uh confirm this within your loadout you need just this as long as you got a spot of scope and you are good to use this simple as that guys so I've got a spot of scope ready to go matchmaker simple now this was actually showcased to me uh by my talent discord if you are the original founder of this and you want credit for it hit me up on my twitter link below and I'll pin your channel at the top of the comment section and with your description but hey it's broken guys utterly broken like us it's like a working infinite wall hack ping or players in your line of sight anywhere on a map it's brutal now I'm hoping there's some method in earning great XP via DMZ using this exploit this glitch but DMZ is a bit a little slow a little boring a little empty in my opinion yes I know it's a beta but hey well yeah I don't expect this to be in the game for much longer as soon as Activision clock on to this it is getting completely taken out there's no two words about it and there's only one thing you really need to do actually to find a vehicle and just change one of your settings simple as that come on let me get in the game this thing's so slow at loading as well people so slow at loading I like if you do enjoy the video leaving a like really helps out if you like what you see I want to see more be sure to subscribe people I call it you ain't really my game but there's nothing else to play at the minute um I've always liked quality even though I haven't really posted it since the emblem days I've always liked the game so yeah and help people out in any way especially those XP games where like I said I'm pretty sure there's a method here with this we could gain XP uh living DMZ it's just fine in the hot spot and uh where loads of enemies constantly spawn which I haven't found yet okay so now I will say as well this mold is full of bots but there are a few odd players in here I've been playing for probably about an hour and a half now um and I've come across probably one or two enemies uh actual real-life people so you've got the map guys and you want to find your nearest vehicle so this one is there for me so I'm just going to ping that on the map there we go ping that and we're going to get over to it guys I'll show you the uh setting you need to change which is quite easy it's tap to reload uh instead of uh you know you got tap to reload and hold to get into vehicles you want to switch that around so you can see the vehicle right here I'm going to go to my settings and I'll show you what I mean so well now to controller come all the way down to uh where are we where are we where are we it's this one here interact reload behavior so you want to tap to interact it should normally be on tap to reload but you want to turn it down to or change it to tap to interact this means guys when you come to a vehicle you just press that enter button you don't have to hold it any in the vehicle simple so let me get back out so this is the uh the scope which uh spot a scope now if you lock onto an enemy here or just see an enemy and you pin them like this you'll see that that I have like an orange uh diamond in front of them this is the exploit so stand next to the vehicle guys hold the glitch stand next to the vehicle guys and press on that now you can see the enter cargo truck enter vehicle on the screen as soon as that disappears that's when you want to press the button to enter the truck boom just like so now if done correctly guys when you see an enemy you'll see them ping on the map or right in front check now it won't work when you're in a vehicle it'll only work when you're outside of the vehicle can I drive through that probably not but we're gonna try anyway yes we can so it won't you won't see uh when you're in the vehicle so we're gonna have to find an enemy here find an enemy and then we'll see if it's worked but it's it's just stupid people I could be going around for quite a while okay there's some enemies there so you can see them just jump out you see they're all pinged as simple as that guys it is as simple as that you can see here I'm getting XP for everyone marked as well just looking at them it's absolutely broken guys absolutely broken it really is that simple it really is that simple now like I said it isn't something our juice uh but hey I know people out there will be using abuse in this while it's in the game so yeah make use of it if it's your kind of thing and there we have it guys guys if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out if you like what you see you want to see more be sure to subscribe and hopefully guys I will see you on that next run


Gun smoke. Drop to you by L&M, the modern cigarette that lets you get full exciting flavor through the modern miracle of the pure white miracle tip. Live modern, smoke L&M. Around Dodge City and in the territory on west, there's just one way to handle the killers and the spoilers, and that's with a U.S. Marshal and the smell of gun smoke. Gun smoke, starring William Conrad. The story of the violence that moved west with young America, and the story of a man who moved with it. I'm that man, Matt Dillon, United States Marshal, the first man they look for and the last they want to meet. It's a chancey job, and it makes a man watchful, and a little lonely. This dude we're meeting look like anyway. I don't like any other 20-year-old, I guess, Chester. He's lived back in Philadelphia since he was five, since his maw and cleave busted up. Well, guess we'll recognize him all right. Oh, well, Matt, Chester. Oh, Doc, what are you doing down here? Oh, just looking over the new arrivals, seeing how many unhealthy ones I can count on. Oh, gracious sake, will you look at that. Look at what, Matt, right? Oh, well, if that isn't a blossom of blooming youth. I think that's the boy we're supposed to meet. Him? That's old man Cleveland's son, Cleveland. Matt, do you mean that swaggering old roughneck's got a son who dresses like that? You can't always tell by appearances, Doc. Uh, hey, Tom? Are you sure you're giving the depot a little verse up in the choke up already? Yes, sir. Hey, you are Tom Cleveland, aren't you? Yes, sir, I am. I'm Matt Dillon. I have Marshall here, Doc. Pleasure, Marshall Dillon. Your dad couldn't get in today, and he asked me to meet you and get you started off to the ranch. It's very kind of you, Marshall. This is all new to me. Well, you get used to it. I hope so, but right now everyone seems to be amused at something. Well, the boys around here aren't much used to such style, I guess. In Philadelphia they told me this was a correct Western attire. Well, it's not quite. At any rate, your father left a saddle horse for you at the delivery station. A saddle horse, sir. Well, isn't there any means of public conveyance? Well, I'm afraid we don't have any public conveyance, isn't it, Doc? But I don't ride too well except on a flat saddle. A flat saddle? I never heard of such a thing. Oh, this is Chester Propp, but Tom Cleveland. How do you do, sir? How do you do? It's my... Your daddy sure is going to have yourself a chore with you. Chester. You know, it's strange having a father after all these years. What sort of a man is he, Marshall? Your dad? Nice. I guess he's just an ordinary frontier cattle man. Well, I guess we'll get on all right. Yeah, well, I hope you will, Tom. Now, watch this, man. You ready, Tom? Anytime, Dad. He's fast, man. He's a lot faster than I was at his age, that's all. Gun in your holster, son, and I shot till the bottle's in there. All right. You see it, Matt? You see it? Yeah, it's good shooting, Tom. Thank you, sir. You get four out of five of them every time, right out there. Another month and I'll be hitting five out of five. I don't doubt it. Well, Cleveland, I better be getting on in the town. Nice to see you again, Marshall. Same here, Tom. Me and my boy's been working like this, Matt, three, four hours a day for working here two months now. He's a born gun handler. Is that all right when he come here and I hear how they laugh at him? Matt, I decided I was going to make a man under that boy if it killed me. Now, the idea is good, Cleve, that there's more torque than gunsling, and you can make a good shot in two months, but it takes longer to turn a boy into a man. Well, maybe. Well, you'll be treated like one. Same as I always been treated. I've stood up to the best of them, Matt. You know that? Uh-huh. I got time in Tascosa when I outdraught the Waco kid. Yeah, I know, Cleve. But times are changing. The law's here now, and the law has questions. So, uh, just don't push him too fast, huh? Give him a chance to find something. Mind what? I'm not real sure, Cleve, but I know one thing. He's not gonna find it in the pistol holster. Be yourself, of old-fashioned ideas. Why don't you let it... Freshen up your taste. Smoke and L&M! Today, all over the country, more people are changing to L&M than to any other cigarette. And it's all because only L&M gives you full, exciting flavor through the pure white miracle tip. L&M draws the taste richer. Smokes cleaner. So, free up. Freshen up your taste. Live modern. Change to L&M. Make today your big red letter day and start to live the modern way. Live, live, live, modern. It's America's fastest growing cigarette. Here's a cake of ice. It's nice like this back in Texas. With the air, it's a gall-down trap. You can hear it church bells ten miles away. Uh-huh. A lot of time you ever spent listening to church bells, Chester. So, I could have heard him. He probably wouldn't have minded it with that. One in six hairs, Miss Kitty, crosses things. If you don't put a wrap on, she's gonna catch her death. Kevin, I'm trying to find Mr. Cleave. Was something wrong? Yeah, he's gotta get that boy of hairs out of the long branch. He brought him in earlier and then left him there and Tom's been drinking too much. No, that's Cleave's way of making a man out of it. Well, he better make him a quieter one who won't live long enough to be a man. What's going on? The boy's talking too much. Cleave started himself bragging all over the place. You know how he is? Yeah, I know. After you left, the boys took it up and kept prodding Tom until... Well, he's just asking for trouble, Matt. Somebody's gotta get him out of there. Well, they're just having a little fun, Kitty, and won't come to anything. Matt, you don't know who the kid's up against. Brawley stars in there. Brawley stars? Tom's already got him pretty riled, and Brawley's not one to take it long. Matt? Stay here, Kitty. Let me through here with you. Meet your joint this time, Matt. How about it, C-dog? Just a bullet in the arm. Doesn't amount to much. How do you feel, Tom? Sick, Marshal. Yeah, let's get over there under the lamps, son.  How'd it happen, boy? Who did it? I reckon I'm the guilty party, Marshal. Well, I didn't know you were in Tom, Brawley. I just got here this afternoon. Doesn't take you long, does it? Marshal Dillon, I... I hope you won't take any official action in this. It was a fair draw. You better go on over there and let Doc dig that bullet out, Tom.  It was just an argument, Marshal. He outdrew... Doc's waiting for you. Yes, sir. You're picking kind of easy game, aren't you, Brawley? He picked. Well, I didn't. Got business in dodge, have you? Maybe. I hadn't been here long enough to tell. He's just a half-baked kid, Brawley. Man's got a gun on his hip. He ain't a kid. You saw he was on the project. You ought to have known enough to give him room. Most folks give me room, Marshal. But I didn't have to shoot him in the arm, you know. No, you didn't. Tom? Tom, you all right? That's nothing, Dad. Who's done it, boy? Who's done it?  He's kind of mouty, ain't he? That's a boy's father. Matt? Matt. Where is this sneak that caught my boy with his back turned? I shot him, Mr. and his back wasn't turned.  I'd hold it, both of you. Now talk soft and keep your hands on the bar. You'll answer to me for this. And you won't be facing up to no half-growed kid. All right, Mr. let's say eleven o'clock in the morning. I'll wait for you at the livery's table. Good enough. Just ask for Brawley's star. Brawley's star? Yeah, that, Marshal. See you in the morning, Mr. Well, right done, Matt. I'd say you got yourself in about as much trouble as you can handle, Queen. Maybe more than you can handle. Happy holidays from L&M. And here's how to say it to your friends. Give modern, give L&M holiday cartons. L&M holiday cartons are gay, handsome. A gift that says both you and your friends know how to live modern. Free up. Freshen up your taste. Smoke and L&M. Remember when you smoke L&M, you always get full, exciting flavor through the L&M miracle tip. L&M draws easier. Taste richer. Smokes cleaner. That's why today more people are changing to L&M and to any other cigarette. So smoke L&M. And remember, your friends appreciate your gift of L&M holiday cartons. Live, live, live modern. Smoke and L&M. When you turn that stove damper down, it's getting kind of hot in here. You just gonna sit here? Yeah, I guess so. But Brawley Star will kill him.  Well, I know, but... Brawley's up there with a stable linen on the hitch and rail, minding his own business. He's got no reason to bother him. And if Cleave jumps him, it'll be his self-defense and I still got no reason. Yeah, but maybe Cleave won't rob her. He will. Well, he'll make sure of that. Oh, good morning, Kitty. Miss Kitty? Matt, I seem to be making a habit of running to you about the Clevelands. Yeah, you and Chester both. What's wrong now? Well, it's the old man, Cleave. He's sitting over there in the long branch drinking. Been out of for two hours. Well, I didn't even know he was in town yet. Acts sort of crazy. Will you come talk to him at least? Yeah, sure, Kitty. Mind if I sit down? All right, if you want to. Like you've taken on a fair-sized load there. What's the difference? It's a bad state to be in for a man about to walk into a gun. I'm all right. Don't worry about me. Brawley's fast, Cleave, as fast as they come. You've got a lot of nerve to give him even better odds by getting yourself drunk. Of course, the man that faced down the Waco kid doesn't have much to worry about, I guess. No, wait. Except that Brawley's the man who killed the kid. A few years later, in El Paso.  Why didn't you stay home this morning? I had to come. They laughed at me. Cleave, you've never even seen the Waco kid or any of the others you brag about. No. You've never been in a gunfight in your life. That ain't true. It is true, and you know it. As long as it stayed just harmless, Target didn't matter much, but you started filling your boy full of it, trying to make him into something you never were.  Boy's gotta know how to take care of himself. Taking care of himself's one thing. Mouthing off till he gets a bullet through his arms another. It could just as well have been his heart. Brawley let him off easy. He's got a lot of nerve to give him. He's got a lot of nerve. Brawley let him off easy.  No, I ain't. I can't do it. Trying to drink myself up to it. And I can't.  I forget it, Cleave. If a man runs into somebody, he'll put the Indian sign on him. What's the matter? Kenny? Get him upstairs. It's something you can do a whole lot better than I can. Sit down. Yeah, Chester. Now what is it? Tom's out there in the street.  All right, let's go. Must be out of his head. There he is. Tom! Tom Cleaveland! Yes, sir? Hold up a minute, will you? Where you going, Tom? You know where I'm going, Marshal. I don't know who started it, but I know who's going to stop it. Take his gun, Chester.  Now you stay here and don't move. Chester, if he tries to get away, put a bullet through his other arm. I'll be happy to. I wasn't exactly looking to see you this morning, Marshal.  Just stand it up for the law, broadly. Well, they're mine now and they ain't no law didn't broke. Call it law and order, then. Now a gunfight's not very orderly. Yeah. I sure don't aim to do no shooting unless somebody shoots at me first. Nobody's gone, too, broadly. Cleaveland's not going to shove. Oh. Kind of had a feeling he wouldn't. He looked a little crawly last night and just, uh, big-wind, no rain. Hmm? His boy feels different, though. I just stopped him up the street there. He was heading down here to face you. Well, I'll say one thing. The year after that, he ain't got much sense, but he's sure full of vinegar. He's a good kid, broadly, in spite of what his dad's done to him. I wouldn't want anything to happen to him. You won't. As long as he stays shy of me. Now, there's one way to make sure of that. You got a horse there and the stable get it and ride. The law say that, Marshal. I said it, broadly. You really run your town, don't you? All right, Marshal, I got no reason to stay. I'll ride. Good. So long, Broly. Yeah, I'll be seeing you more. What's this, Mr. Dillon? What happened anyhow? Nothing much. Tom? Broly's riding out of town. You better get on back out to the ranch. I have to find my father first. He's in town somewhere. He'll be out later, Tom. He's drunk, isn't he? Well, it's all right, Marshal. I understand him rather well, I think.  Oh, wait a minute, Tom. Oh, don't worry. I'll never let him find out I know. After all, he's my father. Well, then maybe you can help him grow up, huh? Maybe you can make a man out of him. I hope so, sir. In a sudden time, I think you will. At our star, William Conrad. In 1900, 20 miles an hour very often was excessive speed. But in 1900, as now, speed is a relative concept. It's relative, for instance, to traffic conditions. An empty highway is safer than a crowded one. It's relative to the time of day, dusk, dawn, and night driving is more hazardous than daylight. It's relative to weather conditions. Rain, sleet, and snow means slow down, even on highways that are posted for high maximum speed limits. In other words, safe speed is a question of driver's judgment. Police patrols can pick up a few of the most careless drivers.  When he tells you to slow down and stop taking chances, listen to him. The life you save may be your own. This has been a CBS Radio public service announcement. And now, William Conrad. You know, on the frontier if a girl was looking for a husband, they used to say she's throwing a mighty wide loop. Well, next week a girl catches a husband right enough. But not the one she wants. Not the one she wants. And that was the West. Gunsmoke. Produced and directed by Norman McDonald, stars William Conrad as Matt Dillon, U.S. Marshall. The story was specially written for Gunsmoke by Les Crutchfield with editorial supervision by John Meston. The music was composed and conducted by Rex Corey. Sound patterns by Tom Hanley and Bill James. Featured in the cast were Lawrence Dobkin, George Edwards and John Daner. Harley Bear is Chester, Howard McNair is Doc, and Georgia Ellis is Kitty. Join us again next week for another story on Gunsmoke.