Well, welcome to the Time to Football podcast. My name is Hasan Khan, the host of this wonderful show that we like to call, you guessed it correctly, Time to Football. This is going to be a weekly show that we do every week on YouTube, but Wednesdays at 8pm is the goal to release this. But if you don't want to watch a 45 minute hour long video on YouTube, listen, that's totally understandable. You can join in on the audio experience, go out to iTunes, pull out the podcast app on your phone, search for Time to Football, all one word with the number two, and subscribe to us, listen to us on the go. This is a show where we're going to talk about everything football and not so much in the perspective of fantasy football, but also just in football in general, get you guys caught up on different topics going around in the NFL. I want to first start off by saying thank you for the love that we've been getting on YouTube. Everybody was looking forward to these fantasy football starts and sets of videos to come back and once we released our first one this past Tuesday for week one, we have been getting subscribers on top of subscribers in this channel. The Colt, ladies and gentlemen, the Colt is growing and you guys are supporting small YouTube channels and we love it. We're all here for you guys. We're here to help. It feels like we're the most trending thing on YouTube when it comes to football right now. Well, I mean, in the football community, the most trending thing right now is Odell Beckham. Oh gosh, don't search for him on Twitter. I will just say that. But in today's episode, we're going to be giving you guys that we believe are going to break out for the 2020 NFL season as well as some players that may not have the best season that a lot of people are predicting. We're going to give you about seven or eight players that are going to break out and then we're going to give you about six or seven declining players. To start things off, Peter Schrager is an analyst for NFL Network. If you have no idea who this guy is, I encourage you and advise you to strongly look into Peter Schrager. He every year gives a list of about 10 breakout players for every season in the off season. And 80 to 90% of the time, he is correct. Once he called Patrick Mahomes in 2018 to have an MVP season, not just progress for the Chiefs, but have an MVP season and say that he's going to be one of the best quarterbacks in the NFL for the next 10 years. That was enough for me. Correctly predicted that. I was like, I'm hooked.  And the reason he knows what he's talking about is not just because he uses his eye test because he sees how a player plays and then he just conjures up his own opinion, but instead he's well connected with almost every NFL team, has sources everywhere, and he hears what people are talking about, what's buzzing and training camp, and he conjures up his own opinion based off of factual information on who's impressing in training camp, and he gives his list of breakout players every year. On top of Patrick Mahomes, he's correctly called Danielle Hunter in 2018 for the Minnesota Vikings. Marlon Humphrey for the Baltimore Ravens, who's one of the best defensive backs in the NFL currently. Josh Allen, he correctly predicted that in 2019. He wasn't just going to take a step up, but he was going to lead the Buffalo Bills to the playoffs. Correctly predicted all those things, and I'm saying all this because a couple of guys on this list are names that he mentioned are going to break out in 2020. Starting off with the first player that I'm personally high on as well, Van Jefferson in LA. When you catch the attention of a head coach because of your work ethic, you're going to get some playing time for sure. Van Jefferson is currently listed as the fourth wide receiver on the Rams step chart, and that's because he's a rookie in the NFL. Josh Reynolds is a number three. They're giving that spot to Josh Reynolds because of veteran deference. They want to respect the veteran, totally understandable, but if you're hearing things coming out of training camp, it's that Van Jefferson is more than likely going to dethrone Reynolds for that number three spot and play out of the slot. We talked about work ethic. Sean McVeigh loves his work ethic on the field, but also his ability to focus and his work ethic in the film room as well. He's a good student, a good pupil of the game, and Sean McVeigh has noticed that. Jefferson, we talked about, could be working out of the slot and a guy that is really well known for his route running ability in Van Jefferson is being compared to someone like, oh, I don't know, Kenan Allen. He's got comparisons to Kenan Allen, who's a top 15, maybe top 10 receiver in the NFL. I would say that's a pretty strong comparison between two great route runners. Jefferson is just one injury away to Cooper Cup and Robert Woods from really taking off. Number four receiver on the depth chart, but he's still going to get significant amount of playing time given that the Rams like to run a lot of three wide receiver sets. And then once that injury happens to Cup or to Woods or one of them goes on decline, which we kind of predict not so much a lot, but a little bit of regression in Robert Woods, which we're going to explain later on at the end of the podcast, we're going to answer some fan questions. We're going to talk about Robert Woods, but he's just an injury and decline away from landing the number two wide receiver role in LA and Van Jefferson is going to take off with it. So keep in mind that Jefferson is for you guys that are playing a fantasy football is going on drafted. And if you've got a spot on your bench that you can just give up for Jefferson, I'd go ahead and just pick him up. So he's going to help out that Rams passing game a lot. And that's why I believe that Jared Goff is going to throw at least 30 touchdowns in 2020. Another guy, if we're speaking about Peter Schrager, another guy that Schrager is so high on Dan Arnold, tight end Arizona Cardinals may not have even heard of him. Don't know who this guy is, but let me fill you in. He was on the New Orleans Saints just last year until he was picked up by the Arizona Cardinals. So as the end of the season, he was a wide receiver converted to a tight end. The Saints were also big on him because before they had Jared Cook as their tight end, they wanted Dan Arnold, who's a big guy, but also fast, like a wide receiver to be that tight end for Drew Brees. He was projected to dethrone Josh Hill, the tight end for his role in New Orleans. Unfortunately, that didn't happen. He dropped a very important pass in a game. And the Saints were just like, all right, you know what? We're just going to move on from this guy. That's where the Cardinals came in.  Cliff Kingsbury loves this guy. He's building a rapport with Kotler Murray so much that in the three games that he played with Arizona towards the end of last season, he scored a touchdown in two of them. Kingsbury has carved out a role for Dan Arnold in that Arizona offense. And I'm not saying that Arnold is going to be the next 1,000-yard tight end receiver, but he is going to be playing a significant role in that Cardinals offense. You could talk about Deandre Hopkins being the number one option. You could talk about Fitzgerald and Kirk being up there. But listen, after those guys, it's going to be Dan Arnold who's going to be a receiver for Arizona.  But he's going to take a step up and carve out a role for him. So that maybe in 2021, he could be a fantasy tight end that you guys could draft for your team. Staying on the topic of tight end, this isn't a guy that Peter Schrager mentioned is going to be a breakout player. Instead, this is a guy that I'm personally big on. And I know you're going to roll your eyes for you guys that have been watching Time to Football for so long. I've been big on him for the last two years ever since he entered the NFL. And in year three, I believe this is finally going to be the season for Dolphins tight end Mike Gisicki. I know, I know. So here's the thing. In 2018, I predicted Mike Gisicki to be just this breakout NFL tight end. Just didn't work out because he was coached by Adam Gase. And Adam Gase, as we all know, doesn't like to use his players properly, i.e. examples of Kenya Drake, Devonte Parker, Ryan Tannehill, all players that had good seasons once they were out of the control of Adam Gase. Mike Gisicki is another one of those guys. In 2018, coached by Adam Gase was nothing, was the number two tight end. 2019, finally. Adam Gase doesn't have control of him. Brian Flores comes in. Let Gisicki fly towards the last half of 2019. Had a fairly decent run. I think he scored about five touchdowns. He had about 51 receptions and over 500 receiving yards, which is, you know, you could say it's mediocre. But he was the most targeted tight end in the red zone. This guy is athletically gifted. Do not sleep on Mike Gisicki. Now we're going to talk about a bunch of wide receivers. And wide receivers are just so deep. There are so many wide receivers that have been coming out of this draft class that have a lot of potential to play significant roles in their respected offense. We talked about Van Jefferson, the rookie. I want to mention another rookie that I believe is going to be a breakout in 2020. It isn't C.D. Lamb. He could break out. It isn't Jerry Judy. Could break out, but that's not who I have in mind. It's actually a guy taking it in the second round. Michael Pittman on the Indianapolis Colts. The reason I love Pittman so much is because his size. He's compared to someone like Vincent Jackson when he was playing with LA or San Diego at the time. And Tampa Bay. Pittman was touted by Frank Reich, the head coach of the Colts, to be one of, if not the best, wide receiver in that draft class. They have struck gold with Pittman. Currently, listed as the number four receiver on the depth sharp, but like we mentioned with Van Jefferson, that's because they're giving deference to veterans. They want to respect the veterans ahead of them. So that includes Paris Campbell. That includes T.Y. Hilton. That includes Zach Pascal. But it's noted that in training camp, he's been looking impressive and that he's going to have a significant role with Phillip Rivers in that Indianapolis Colts offense. So watch out for Michael Pittman. Moving on to another rookie wide receiver that was actually taken in the first round. Not C.D. Lamb, not Jerry Judy, not even Henry Rugs. Justin Jefferson on the Minnesota Vikings.  You've got to use your knowledge. You've got to use your knowledge of the scheme that Minnesota plays. Their coaching staff going into 2020 hasn't changed that much. It's almost pretty much the same offense that they have minus Stefan Diggs. Oh, he lost your number two receiver. And comes Justin Jefferson, a guy that you drafted to be that replacement for Stefan Diggs. Diggs is known for his route running ability to be that 6-1, 2-0-5, 2-10 player similar to the size as Justin Jefferson. So they drafted someone that could be the next Stefan Diggs in that Minnesota offense. And if you look at that offense, they're heavily leaning on that run game, but also Kirk Cousins and Adam Thielen and Stefan Diggs in 2019 when they got into beef about not passing the ball so much because they were being a run team, guess what they did? They passed the ball and then the receivers went off. I think that this is the same thing that's going to happen in 2020. Justin Jefferson is going to come in and pretty much just take the role of Stefan Diggs. Thielen is clearly going to be the number one guy. B.C. Johnson is listed as the number two guy. But like we mentioned earlier with all the other players, they try to give those veterans that deference because they respect the veterans and they want to list them ahead of the rookies on the depth chart. But Justin Jefferson has been looking way more impressive in scrimmage and in OTAs and he's going to be the next Stefan Diggs for that Minnesota Vikings offense. Another guy that we're predicting to have a big 2020, not a rookie, but he is going into his sophomore campaign so he's still kind of young, played at Clemson, Raiders wide receiver, Hunter Renfro, a slot receiver. The reason being because they drafted Henry Ruggs, who's projected to be their number one receiver, Brian Edwards in the third round, Tyrell Williams is now hurt. So on the depth chart, don't be surprised if they have Ruggs number one, Brian Edwards number two and then Renfro at number three. That just means that he's going to be working out the slot and they're going to use them the same way that they did last season. And how they use them last season was in the last two games, he had 100 yard games back to back, six receptions in one game, seven receptions in the other. So they love Hunter Renfro, he's going to be that guy that can just, you can dump the ball off to him, a safety net, him and Darren Waller are going to be those guys. So expect Renfro to have a big 2020. We expect him to have 88 targets for the season, about 60 receptions or so, 757 yards receiving and about six touchdowns. So for you guys that play fantasy football, he's going undrafted. If you have a spot that you can give up for Hunter Renfro because why not? I highly advise you to pick him up, but we expect Renfro to have a stat line similar to those numbers that I just told you guys. The last player that we believe is going to break out in 2020 and when I say breakout, I'm not talking about is going to rush for 1200 yards, is going to rush for 10 touchdowns. I'm talking about they're going to do better than what people expect them to do. You're going to roll your eyes at this name, but Levy on Bell. Why not? Okay, let's talk about the negatives of Levy on Bell. Let's say why people don't like him. 3.2 yards of carry last season, okay? Yeah, that's not good. Jett's offensive line was poor. That whole offense in general was not that good. And plus Adam Gase is the head coach and was not a fan, according to multiple reports, of the signing of Levy on Bell. On top of that, they bring in Frank Gore, they bring in Le Michael P. Ryan, and you'd expect them to be split in carries because Adam Gase is going to Adam Gase, okay? He doesn't know how to use the players properly, like we mentioned earlier in the podcast. We talked about Canyon Drake, we talked about Ryan Tannehill, Devontek Parker, all three players that we thought were not that good, but ended up doing well once they got out of the control of Adam Gase. So he may not know how to use his players properly, but let me explain why I believe Levy on Bell is gonna do well and those aren't concerns for 2020. So a couple of weeks ago, I think it was two, three weeks ago, I'm 99% sure. And the reason I'm not 100% sure is because I didn't get tested. That gave me a piece of paper that said that I was positive, but I'm 99% sure that I had COVID. And the reason I know this is because I didn't realize this until after the fact, but I looked back and Sunday, it was a Sunday night. Woke up, or that Sunday night, I had a headache. That Monday, I woke up, still had a headache, lost my sense of taste and smell. Tuesday, headache went away, still couldn't taste or smell anything. And then Wednesday, I was completely fine. Nobody aches, no coughing, no shortness of breath. I was perfectly fine. That's pretty much it.  That's not what I'm saying. I'm not saying that my thoughts or whatever everybody's thoughts are. COVID is serious, you should wear a mask whenever you're around people, just because other people respond to it differently. But I was being told by the media, hey, this is like a big deal, this is this, this is that. And then I actually went through it and it wasn't that big of a deal. The reason I'm bringing that up is because that's when I realized the media overplays a lot of things and there's a lot of things that you cannot look into or believe. And the same thing goes with the NFL, honestly, because a lot of media, as respectable as some of them may be, may hear one report and then a lot of people, whether it be those media members that overblow it or a lot of fans will overblow it as well. Take it how you see it, okay? So with Levy on Bell, the media is saying that him and Adam Gase do not have a good relationship. So this is going to lead to the downfall of Levy on Bell when in fact, Adam Gase himself, Levy on Bell himself have told the media there's no hard feelings. We actually like each other and we are gonna work really well together. I'm sorry, but I would rather believe those two direct sources, when you're talking about the relationship between two people, I'd rather listen to those two sources than a third party source that comes up with their own opinion and overblows a story. Sources are saying that Adam Gase is going to use Frank Gore and use Le Michael Pirine to split carries with Levy on Bell. Maybe that's true, but honestly, Adam Gase has said himself that he did not use Levy on Bell the way that he wanted to use Levy on Bell, which means that he could see an influx of work. So there's a lot of things that you should really take with a grain of salt whenever media talks about some things. I'd rather look to the direct source and fact check and come up with my opinion based off of that, off of facts rather than opinions of what other people may say. So Bell, is there a chance that he could be a bust and not do that as well as people are saying? Yeah, there's always that chance, but I'm telling you, you have nothing to worry about because a lot of the reports don't make a lot of sense. Plus on top of that, the offensive line has gotten better. That Jets offense will not be as bad as it was touted as the worst offense in the NFL last season when they had third string quarterbacks and Trevor Simeon and all these guys coming in to start in place of Sam Darnold. Well, if Darnold is healthy and can spread the ball around, that opens up the run game. Bell is going to be the guy that gets those carries on the goal line. So listen, I'm not saying he's going to run for 1,200 yards in 10 touchdowns, like I said, but 1,000 yards rushing, yeah, it's believable. 60 to 70 receptions, because there's a lot of plays out there that I've been using in scrimmage of him lining out wide and beating corners in the end zone to get a touchdown. They're using him out wide in the slot and in the receiving game in general. So 60, there's 70 receptions as he had 66 receptions last season. It's doable. Five, six, seven touchdowns total. Yeah, that's believable. Hey, guess what? For you guys that are fantasy football fans, those numbers that I just said, those are solid running back two numbers. He's not going to be a breakout as far as the best running back in the NFL, but he's going to be pretty freaking good for the New York Jets. So Levy on Bell is a guy that I believe is going to have a good season in 2020. So those are our breakout players for 2020. We're going to give you our names for declining players of 2020. But first, before we get into that, we're going to take a quick break to tell you guys about Manscaped, okay? Let me show you guys real quick, the Lawnmower 3.0, all right?  Is that impressive? This thing right here, if you use the promo code T2F and click the link in the description for you guys that are listening to this on iTunes or on YouTube, click the link in the description. And at checkout, use the promo code T2F.  Hair and body wash, you've got ball toner, whatever that is. You've got ball deodorant. Listen, I'm going to use all this stuff because like I've been mentioning, I'm getting married this weekend. So I need to look my best in all areas of my body. So you best believe I'm going to be using Manscaped and you can too. So if you use that promo code T2F at checkout, you get 20% off plus free shipping. Support this channel. Like I said, I'm getting married. You don't have to get me a gift off the wedding registry, but you can support this channel by getting yourself your own personalized Manscaped Lawnmower 3.0 kit, courtesy of Manscaped. So check that out. Link in the description. Now we're going to talk about declining players for 2020. You know, a lot of you guys are going to laugh at me from these names and not believe me, but let me just say you, there is no such thing as a right or wrong prediction before the prediction were to happen. So I'm just saying that right now, with these six or seven players, just keep that in mind. First up, Lamar Jackson. Ladies and gentlemen, the MVP of 2019. How is he going to fare in 2020? It's hard for a player to replicate the MVP numbers that he had a season before. We see it time and time again in almost any single player. And Lamar Jackson is not an exception. Okay, we're predicting him to do fairly well. I believe close to a thousand yards rushing and 24 passing touchdowns, but it's not going to be that 36 passing touchdowns on top of the rushing ability that he had in 2019. That's just almost impossible to do. So don't expect much out of him because of that. And we expect Lamar Jackson to decline in 2020. So still a top five quarterback if you want to talk about fantasy football numbers, but nothing more than that. The second guy that we believe is going to decline in 2020. Panther's wide receiver, DJ Moore. And this hurts me to say it because I love Moore. Great talent. I love Teddy Bridgewater. I love Christian McCaffrey. I love the whole Panther's offense and winning games and what Matt Rule has planned for 2020, but you have to look at history. Whenever Teddy Bridgewater came into the NFL in 2014, every wide receiver that he's played with has failed to produce a thousand yards for that season. Now, Michael Thomas, only exception. In the games that he played with Teddy Bridgewater, he was already on pace to score over or get over a thousand yards and he crushed that by 1700 yards. But every receiver that he's played with, that includes Stefan Diggs and other good receivers that he's played with. So Bridgewater is more of the, he's more concerned about winning games and he's going to do whatever he can to win football games. And I think that's what every NFL player has in mind, but this is what this Panther's offense is revolved around, winning football games, which is not bad. I understand you got to win your games, but as far as numbers go, as far as stats go, don't expect much out of DJ Moore. The last two seasons, he hasn't been touchdown friendly. So this year, we only predict him to get four receiving touchdowns, which isn't much. And on top of the fact that Teddy Bridgewater hasn't produced a thousand-yard receiver, it is kind of concerning. We predict DJ Moore to have 70 receptions at least and be that number one receiver for Teddy Bridgewater. But man, if you're talking about DJ Moore or even Robbie Anderson, whatever you project them to have in 2020, you can expect them to be a step down from that. The next two go hand in hand, Tampa Bay receivers, Mike Evans and Chris Godwin. Now, when I say declining, I'm not talking about they're gonna have bad seasons. That's not true. They're gonna have great seasons, okay? Thousand-yard receivers. I believe that we have Chris Godwin getting about eight touchdowns and Mike Evans around that range as well, seven or eight touchdowns. So they're gonna have great years. And the thing that we are leaning towards on why we believe that they're gonna have a decline in 2020, even though it's a slight decline, is because you have to look at the quarterback that they had in 2019. And that's James Winston, okay? Don't roll your eyes just yet, all right?  He's really good, but also really bad at the same time, which is, I don't know how that's possible, but James Winston made it possible in 2019. 5,100 passing guards, 33 passing touchdowns. I'm gonna say that again. 5,100 passing yards and 33 passing touchdowns. Those are the numbers that Tom Brady has to live up to if he wants to have the same kind of production out of Mike Evans and Chris Godwin in 2020. That's pretty freaking hard to do. Forget the 30 interceptions that James Winston threw, okay? That's his fault, that's his mistake. That cost the Buccaneers a playoff spot. That cost the Buccaneers some games that they could have won, which Tom Brady is gonna be much better at handling the ball. That doesn't matter in Mike Evans and Chris Godwin's production. What matters are those yards and those touchdowns, and I'm telling you, that's gonna be freaking hard to replicate with Tom Brady, who I love, the greatest of all time. But if last year was any indication and you could talk about how he's, I didn't have wide receivers, but if last year was any indication, it might be a little bit, just a tad bit of regression in Tom Brady happening this late in his career. So because of that, because of the numbers that he can't match that James Winston threw because of this offense bringing on so many freaking weapons with Robson Kasky, they have three solid tight ends that they can spread the ball around to. They have four solid running backs that they're gonna use and split reps with. A lot is going on in that Tampa Bay offense that they're gonna have to spread the love and share it. And I just don't see Mike Evans and Chris Godwin being those, if you're talking about fantasy football numbers, being those top five receivers that they were or had the potential to be in 2019. I think Chris Godwin was a number two receiver when it was all said and done and Mike Evans was top 10 as well. I don't know, man. Mike Evans, Chris Godwin, great years, but don't expect much. The next three declining players that we have for 2020 are actually running backs. Two of them being rookies for the same exact reason. First off, let's talk about Jonathan Taylor on the Indianapolis Colts, talented running back. Very good at Wisconsin. But here's my gripe. I don't understand how people can come up with opinions on what they believe. Okay, so they say Jonathan Taylor is going to dethrone Marlon Mack for that starting job. He's gonna be the better running back. Okay, cool. That's an opinion, right? That's not a fact. We don't know that. But people will say their opinion so much and they start to believe it in their head. You know when you tell yourself something is true so much that that's all you know and you start to believe it? That's exactly what people do with their opinions with football. And they've been saying that about Jonathan Taylor about how he's going to be the bell cowback in Indianapolis and Marlon Mack is gonna be forgotten about. They've said it so much to themselves that they start to believe it. When in reality, like I said, you've got to look at the facts. You've got to look at what's true and what you know and what we know is that Marlon Mack is currently the starter in Indianapolis. So since we know that and that's a fact, we have to treat it like Marlon Mack is going to be the better player in 2020. Later on down the road, maybe in the last half of the season, can Jonathan Taylor do better? Yeah, absolutely. But you cannot say that is 100% going to happen. Frank Reich, Chris Ballard, those GMs in the head coach, when they made that selection to get Jonathan Taylor, Frank Reich texted Marlon Mack and said, listen, man, don't take this as an offense.  You know how we roll. We roll with a hot hand. We roll with a one-two punch with that RB duo that's gonna help us win games in Indianapolis. Marlon Mack, very receptive of that. Understanding said, yes, sir, let's do it. Let's go win some games. So with Marlon Mack being the starter, we predict him to have 188 carries for 2020. Jonathan Taylor, we predict to have 150. So both neck and neck, there's gonna be some games when Jonathan Taylor is gonna get the majority of the carries. Vice versa, there's gonna be some games where Marlon Mack is gonna get the majority of the carries. But the edge is going to be given to Marlon Mack because he's the starter and he's going to do better and be more productive in 2020 than Jonathan Taylor. So that's my reasoning behind it, but I know a lot of you guys have different thoughts and different opinions on it. Totally understandable, but listen, Marlon Mack, don't sleep on him. He could be getting the majority of the work in Indianapolis. Another running back for the same exact reason, Deondra Swift. Listen, I'm a Georgia fan. I love Deondra Swift, very talented running back. But to say that he's going to be better than Karrion Johnson, he could be better. He could be more talented. But what we know, like we mentioned with Jonathan Taylor, is that you have to go with the starter. You have to go with the facts. And the facts are that Karrion Johnson is going to be the starter in Detroit. And then you've got a touchdown vulture in Adrian Peterson that's taken fantasy points away from you if you are Karrion Johnson or Deondra Swift owner. So they're gonna mix in all three running backs. Karrion Johnson, I believe we project him to get close to 200 carries for the season because he's a starter and Deondra Swift close to 154. So same exact reason, you cannot say that Deondra Swift is going to be better than Karrion Johnson because that's just an opinion. You have to go off of what's factual. And what's factual is that Karrion Johnson is going to get the majority of the work. I cannot stress that enough, so watch out for that. The last declining player for 2020, a running back. And man, I feel sorry for you guys that for your fantasy football guys that drafted Leonard Fournette right before he got released from the Jaguars. But it's Leonard Fournette. There are four running backs total in that Tampa Bay offense that are going to be splitting time. And I don't know if that's gonna be split evenly. I don't know if one is gonna be the ground of pound which could be Leonard Fournette. I don't know if one is gonna be more of the receiver which could be Leonard Fournette. He's good in both areas. But Bruce Arians has said that Ronald Jones is going to be the number one back at least on the depth chart and is going to get the majority of the carries. So what does that tell me? That tells me with an offense that is built to be a high scoring offense with Tom Brady and all of these weapons that are gonna pass the ball a lot maybe close to 35, 40, 45 times a game.  I would be surprised if a team like Tampa Bay were to get more than 30 carries a game between them. And if you look at those 30 carries you gotta split those four ways that's about seven and a half. Is that seven and a half? Yeah, wow man, I'm good at math. Seven and a half carries each if you wanna split that evenly but we all know that's not gonna happen. We all know that it's gonna be more so Ronald Jones since he's gonna be the number one running back on that depth chart he's gonna be getting 13, 14, 15 carries a game. LaShawn McCoy maybe like five carries a game, five, six, Leonard Fournette, where's that five to 10? 10 carries, 11 carries, 12 carries. It's not gonna be that much so you can't expect that running back one production out of Leonard Fournette because that's gonna be pretty hard to freaking do in that offense where they gotta spread the ball around so much. You're gonna see a lot of players and I would not be surprised in Tampa Bay throughout the season complain about the amount of work that they're getting about the amount of targets that each receiver is getting. I know this team is filled with a lot of humble guys and they're not gonna do that because it's all love and they just wanna win games and wanna win Super Bowl, I get that, but deep down inside, they're gonna wish that they're super star of the team and they're gonna get more work. So I just don't see Leonard Fournette being that productive in this offense that is already tailored for other players to be productive. But those are our breakout players and our declining players as well. So what we wanted to do is we wanted to have a segment on the show where we answer some fan questions and this is mainly based off of, this week it's gonna be fantasy football questions because a lot of you guys have been commenting on that sorts and sets video so I'm gonna take some time to really answer a few of those questions. So this is actually coming from a few people. Robert Woods, what's the deal with Robert Woods? A lot of people have been asking why do you have Robert Woods as a must set against the Dallas Cowboys in fantasy football? So the reason being is because the Cowboys were actually not that bad against receivers in 2019. I understand it's a fresh start. 2020 could be completely different but like I was mentioning earlier in the podcast, you have to go off of what you know and what we know is that the Cowboys, their secondary was fairly decent last season in 2019. I think they were seventh, the seventh best team when it came to facing wide receivers as far as letting fantasy wide receivers have that production. So Robert Woods is a guy that we mentioned could be on the decline. I love Robert Woods but 28 is not that old at all but if there's any season where you could start to see a decline, even if it's a little bit, it could be Robert Woods especially like we mentioned with that breakout player being Van Jefferson stepping in really taking that role of being that number two wide receiver eventually in the future. So with all that being said, if you have no other option, start Robert Woods. I'm pretty sure he's not gonna do that bad. You just don't expect him to have those fantasy, those wide receiver one numbers in week one. This next question is from Jake Perms. Pick two players, Gurley, Chark or McLaurin in week one and a full PPR. My two players I would pick, Gurley and McLaurin. Gurley is a guy that if you have a running back that is very good in the receiving game in a full PPR league, yeah, you wanna go ahead and start that guy. So Gurley is a guy that I really love in the receiving game as well. As far as McLaurin or Chark, Chark faces Indianapolis which might improve their secondary. They're expected to be improving in that department. So watch out for Chark. On top of that, McLaurin is facing an eagle secondary that has been releasing corners left and right. They released Douglas was it? And then Sidney Jones as well. So this eagle secondary could be the only weak point of this defense against Washington. But Terry McLaurin on that Washington offense could be the only player that does well for that team. This next question is from Vitor Cardoso. Should I start with Hunt, Amino Sanders or Chris Thompson? So Chris Thompson is a no-go. I know that I said Raquel Armstead is a must-sit. That's because the matchup against the Colts is bad. I know that Armstead, I realized later that he's on the COVID-19 list so he's not gonna play anyways. But James Robinson who's the number one back on that depth chart right now or Chris Thompson, that spot is reserved for Jaguars running backs. Do not play Jaguars running backs against that improved defensive line of the Indianapolis Colts. So Chris Thompson is a no-go. Should I start with Hunt against the Ravens or should I start with Amino Sanders against Tampa Bay? Man, if I'm choosing, I'm gonna choose Amino Sanders. Mainly because even though Hunt could do well, we don't know number one, his split share with Nick Chubb. We don't know if it's gonna be the same thing as 2019 because Freddie Kitchens was a head coach. We have a new head coach. So we're gonna have to wait one or two weeks before we can see what their split share is. And number two, it's the Baltimore Ravens, our number one projected defense for 2020. So in fantasy football this week, I'm gonna go ahead and say start Amino Sanders against Tampa Bay secondary that was very poor against wide receivers last year. And this game has all the makings of a high-scoring game so you will not go wrong with Amino Sanders. This next question is from a guy I'm gonna try my absolute best to respond or answer this question and pronounce his name. Wander Shilushka with an exclamation mark at the end. Can't forget that. Start Devin Singletary or Marlon Mack. Mack 100% all the way. I just raved about him when I was talking about Jonathan Taylor. He's a guy you can't sleep on and a great measure against the Jacksonville Jaguars who were surprisingly not that good against the run last season. So start Marlon Mack and actually personally as a Devin Singletary owner myself, I am kind of concerned with Zack Moss in the mix. So I want to wait and see how Devin Singletary performs. I can tell you I'm gonna start Singletary in my flex just because he's the best option that I have. So you can't really go wrong. But if I had the option between Singletary or Mack, I would 100% start Marlon Mack. All right, let's go ahead and take one last question and that is, should I start Carson Wentz or Ben Rothesberger? Dude, you cannot go wrong with either one. This was from Shadi Bugatti Gaming. Wow, what a name.  Carson Wentz or Big Ben, you cannot go wrong with either one if I had to lean towards one over the other. I'm gonna go with Big Ben. Ben Rothesberger is very underrated and he seems like he has fully recovered from the elbow injury that he had in 2019 and he's good to go against his giants in defense that actually just released Deondre Baker. Their secondary could be in trouble. So Big Ben, Juju Smith-Schuster, yeah, start all those guys, start that Pittsburgh offense. As far as Carson Wentz, Washington, yeah. I mean, I predict, personally, predicted Washington's defense to do better than they did in 2019 because of Chase Young being that one cornerstone player on that defense. So Carson Wentz won't do too terrible, but if I had the option between Wentz or Big Ben, I am starting Big Ben. Well, that's it for this episode, for week one of the 2020 NFL season. We thank you guys so much for watching this on YouTube and if you've been listening to this on iTunes. Hey man, go over to YouTube. Go subscribe to us on there. We have a lot of video content for you guys throughout the week on there. And vice versa, if you don't like watching this show all the way through a video on YouTube, just head on over to iTunes. Go subscribe to us on there and listen to us on the go. With all that said, thank you guys so much for watching or listening to this episode and I'll see you later.


A gas refrigeration system using air as the working fluid, or refrigerant, has a pressure ratio of 5. Air enters the compressor at 0°C. The high pressure air is cooled to 35°C by rejecting heat to its surroundings. The refrigerant leaves the turbine at negative 80°C and then absorbs heat from the refrigerated space before entering the regenerator. The mass flow rate of air is 0.4kg per second. Using that information, I want us to A. Determine the effectiveness of the regenerator. B. Determine the rate of heat removed from the refrigerated space. And C. Determine the coefficient of performance. So let's parse out that information. The problem tells me that I have a pressure ratio of 5. That pressure ratio is going to give me the difference in pressure, or the proportion of pressure, between the high pressure side and the low pressure side. Remember that all heat exchange processes in the Brayton cycle and therefore the Brayton refrigeration cycle and therefore the gas refrigeration cycle are isobaric. So P4 will have the same pressure as P3, which will have the same pressure as P2. Those three pressures collectively make up my high pressure side of this analysis. Furthermore, P5 will be the same as P6, which will be the same as P1. That makes up my low pressure side. The proportion of pressures between the high pressure side and the low pressure side is 5. We weren't told what the pressure is on the low pressure side, but if we imagine it was 1 bar, that means the pressure on the high pressure side would be 5 bar. Also note, it doesn't really matter what the pressure is. All that we actually care about is the proportion of pressures. We'll get into that a little bit more in a second. Next, we recognize that we were told three temperatures, 0°C, 35°C, and negative 80°C. Those three temperatures refer to state 1, 3, and 5 respectively. Lastly, I was told the mass flow rate of air, which because this is made up of steady flow devices, that mass flow rate is the same everywhere. m.1 is equal to m.2, which is equal to m.3, which is equal to m.4, which is equal to m.5, which is equal to m.6, all of which are 0.4 kg of air per second. The first thing I want to do before we get into analyzing what the problem is asking for is setting up my work-in, Q-in, workout, and Q-out relations. I recognize that because these are open systems, the turbine, the compressor, the heat exchangers, and the regenerator are all open systems that are assumed to operate steadily. My works and heat transfer terms are only going to be relative to delta H. So I can write the work-in to the cycle on a specific basis, the Q-in to the cycle on a specific basis, the work-out of the cycle on a specific basis, and the Q-out of the cycle on a specific basis, relative only to enthalpies in our state points. My work-in occurs in the compressor, for which the energy balance simplifies to H2-H1. My Q-in occurs in our heat exchanger on the cold side, and because heat is being added between 5 and 6, that means Q-in is going to be H6-H5. My work-out occurs in the turbine, where the energy balance would simplify down to H5-H6, excuse me, H4-H5, and my Q-out occurs in the heat exchanger on the warm side. Since I'm rejecting energy, a positive delta would be H2-H3. If I knew H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, and H6, I could calculate these six quantities from which I could determine anything else that I wanted. So my goal for the moment is going to be to determine enthalpy changes, and to do that, we have to consider two options. Option one would be to use our ideal gas properties of air. Remember that for an ideal gas, enthalpy is only a function of temperature. So I could use my temperatures to determine enthalpies. I could use my isentropic ideal gas relations to relate the pressure proportion to the proportion of reduced pressures. So for example, I could use T1 to look up an H1 and a PR1. I can multiply that number by 5 and use that result to look up T2 and or H2. My other option would be to assume constant specific heats. If I assumed constant specific heats, then I could rewrite all of these delta Hs as Cp delta Ts. In that case, I would only care about the temperatures. So for those of you watching at home, why don't you take a minute and think about which way you would prefer to work the problem? Do you want to assume constant specific heats or do you want to perform the table lookups? Well, you guys probably know what I want to do. I want to do both. And in order for us to do both, we need a vertical line. On one side, I will have the analysis using the tables. On the other side, I will have the analysis using constant specific heats. And remember that these are independent of one another. We are working through the problem in two parallel universes, one where we've assumed constant specific heats, one where we haven't. We just happen to be doing them both simultaneously because, you know, parallel universes. So with my table lookup side, I want H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 and H6. For those, I will need T1 to look up H1 and I will also look up PR1 and then I will multiply PR1 by 5 because for an isentropic process like the compressor, PR2 over PR1 is going to equal P2 over P1, which the problem told us was 5. Therefore, PR2 will equal PR1 multiplied by 5 and then we can use that resulting PR2 to look up H2. We use T3 to look up H3. For the turbine, we have to work backwards. We can use T5 to look up H5 and PR5 and then we recognize that across the turbine from 4 to 5 and then across our turbine because we have an isentropic process, we can write our isentropic ideal gas relation again. We're going to say PR4 over PR5 is equal to P4 over P5 which again is going to be 5. This is the relation between the high side pressure and the low side pressure. Therefore, PR4 is going to equal 5 times PR5. Then once we have PR4, we can look up H4. So at this point in our analysis, we will have H1, H2, we will have H5, H4 and we will have H3. Furthermore, we will recognize that the heat exchanged across the regenerator is going from one side to the other. We're going from the hot side to the cold side. The amount of heat leaving the hot side is going to be equal to the amount of heat entering the cold side. So if we know H3, H4 and H1, we can figure out what H6 had to be. Again, the regenerator has entering energy in the form of 3 and 6, exiting energy in the form of 1 and 4 and the heat leaving the hot side is going into the cold side. So if we draw a control volume around the entire thing, we have m.1 H1 plus m.4 H4. That's our exiting energy because remember that we assume like in the Brayton cycle that the regenerator itself is adiabatic that all of the heat exchanged occurs internally. That will be equal to the entering mass flow rates times their enthalpies m.3 H3 plus m.6 H6. My next step is going to be divide by m. Because they're all the same and then solve for H6. H6 will be H1 minus H3 plus H4. If it makes it a little bit easier to relate to the logic we used earlier, I could write it in this order. So you could see that whatever energy exits the hot side is being added to the process from 6 to 1. So H6 minus H1 will equal H4 minus H3. But whatever the case, that energy balance will give us H6. Once we have all six H's, the world is our oyster. There's our outline. All we have to do now is actually do the look-ups and to make this a little bit easier to follow. I will rewrite this as a table. So first I will populate my temperatures. T1 was zero degrees Celsius. Zero degrees Celsius would be 273.15 Kelvin. T3 was 35 degrees Celsius. 35 plus 273.15 is going to be, thank you calculator, 308.15 and then T5 was negative 80. So T5 would be 293.15. Let me double check, negative 80 plus 273.15. Yes, 193.15. So I'm going to use T1 to look up H1 and PR1. Then I'm going to multiply PR1 by 5 to get PR2, which I'm then going to use to look up H2. I don't really need T2 nor T4 nor T6, but you know what? We have infinite time. Let's just determine them for funsies. And by funsies, I really mean, let's develop a full set of temperatures so that we can compare the table lookups to the colder standard analysis. But I've solved for about as much time as possible. Now it's time to interpolate for an H and a PR. So T1 is going to be between 270 and 280, which means that my enthalpy is going to be between 270 and 280. And my PR is going to be between 0.959 and 1.0889. So with my handy calculator, I will write 273.15 minus 270 divided by 280 minus 270 is equal to 270, excuse me, x minus 270.111. That was too many ones. I'm just going to hope you guys didn't notice. Divided by 280.13 minus 270.11. Note the correct number of ones. And that gives me an H1 of 273.266. And then I can do the same interpolation for PR, except I'm going to swap my enthalpies with PR terms 0.959 and 1.0889 and 0.959. And I get 0.99919. Naturally, I'm not going around that. I'm going to write all of them. 0.99919. Nice and arbitrarily precise. Let me fix that decimal point. Okay. Now, again, because our compressor is operating isentropically, which we are assuming because we don't have enough information to deduce otherwise, I could have given you an isentropic efficiency or I could have implied something about the efficiency. But right now, because we don't have any more information, we are assuming isentropic analysis. So PR2 over PR1 is equal to P2 over P1, which is equal to 5, which means PR2 is going to be 5 times 0.99999919. So if my calculator cooperates, 0.99999919 times 5 is 4.99996. Then we can use that PR to look up an H2. And again, for funsies, a T2, even though it's not explicitly necessary. So 4.9996 occurs between 4.915 and 5.332. So my enthalpy will be between 431 and 441. And my temperature will be between 430 and 440. So, time to interpolate again. Here we go. 4.9996 minus 4.915 divided by P, apparently. 5.332 minus 4.915 is equal to the enthalpy that I'm trying to find, which is x minus 431.43 divided by 441.61 minus 431.43. We're solving for x and we get 433.495. And then we can repeat the same interpolation for temperature as well. Swapping out 431.43 with 430 and 431.43 with 430 and 441.61 with 440 and we get 432.03. 432.03. Okay, one down. Three more to go. Our state 3 lookup is the temperature of 308.15. I don't need a PR at this time. All I need is H. So I am going to find 308.15. That's going to occur between 305 and 310. Therefore, I'm going to interpolate between 305.22 and 310.24. So, 308.15 minus 305 divided by 310 minus 305 is equal to the thing that we're solving for minus 305.22 divided by 310.24 minus 305.22. We're solving for x and we get 308.383. 308.383. Now, I'm going to use T5 to look up PR5 and H5 and then use my proportion of pressures from 4 to 5 to figure out what PR4 was and then use that PR4 to look up H4 and then for funsies T4. Then I can use an energy balance on the regenerator to fix state 6. So, 193.15 occurs between 200 and 210. I know what you're thinking. You're thinking, John. No, it doesn't. Well, remember that our extrapolation, which is what we have to do here because we're off the table, is set up using the same methodology as our interpolation. So I'm going to be extrapolating from the difference between 200 and 210 to what it will be at 193.15.  And we get 193.12. Double-check that I typed the correct number of nines. Indeed, I did. So 193.12 is my enthalpy at state 5. And then we can repeat the process for PR. That PR is going to be 0.3363 and then 0.3987 minus 0.3363 and we get 0.293556. And again, naturally I'm going to use an obtuse number of decimal places because I think my tables look the best when they have a completely ridiculous number of digits. And then to go from PR5 to PR4, I'm going to multiply that by five. So all together now. Multiply it by 0.293556. We get 1.46778. And using a PR value of 1.46778, we can jump back to our tables. We can see that it lies between 1.4686 and 1.3860, which means that my enthalpy is going to be between 300.19 and 305.22. Furthermore, my temperature is going to be between 300 and 305. So if I take 1.46778 minus 1.3860 and I divide by 1.4686 minus 1.3860 and I set that equal to x minus 300.19 divided by 305.22 minus 300.19. Now before I hit the Enter button, I'm going to point out that because our value is so close to 1.4686, I'm expecting my enthalpy to be very nearly 305.22. The fact that it's so close to 305.22 as compared to 300.19 is a good indication that we set up our interpolation correctly. 305.17. And then I'll go swap my enthalpies for temperatures to solve for the temperatures, 305. 305 minus 300 and 300. And we get 304.95. Let me make that a little bit easier for you to see. And by easier, I mean possible at all. Okay, we have state points 1 through 5. Then again, we're going to use the result of our energy balance on the regenerator, which I will draw out again. So H6 is going to be H1 plus H4 minus H3. So calculator H1 273.266 plus 305.17 minus 308.383. We get 270.05. And for completion's sake, I will use that enthalpy to determine a temperature at state 6. 270 is going to occur between 260.09 and 270.11. So my temperature is going to lie between 260 and 270. So that interpolation will go 270.053 minus 260.09. And then of course, you have to remember to fix your parentheses. That is an important part of the interpolation. And then you divide by 270.11 minus 260.09. And that's equal to x minus 260 divided by 270 minus 260. And we get 269.943. Now that I have all six enthalpies, I can calculate the work in, the Q in, the work out, and the Q out. And then I can proceed from there to whatever else the problem wants us to do. So work in is H2 minus H1, which is going to be 433.495 minus 273.266. We get 160.229. And then Q in is 6 minus 5 to 70.053 minus 193.12. We get 76.93. For work out, we're taking 4 minus 5. And we get 112.05. And for Q out, we're taking 2 minus 3, which is going to be 433.495 minus 308.383 for 125.112. Then while I have these numbers, I recognize that for this entire cycle to operate as a closed system, I would expect for the net heat transfer in to equal the network out, or the net heat transfer out to equal the network in. Since this is a refrigeration cycle, we should have more net heat transfer out and network in. So I'm going to double check that those are correct. This being a refrigeration cycle, we would expect a network in and a net heat transfer out. I'm going to double check that we have the same number, 160.229 minus 112.05. It's 48.179 and the net heat transfer out 125.112 minus 76.933. And look, we got 48.179. The fact that those are the same means that I likely set up these equations correctly. So the network in is 48.179 and the net heat transfer out is 48.179. I'm going to clear a little more space so I can write this a little bit more legibly. Now let's see what the problem wants us to do. First up, we have the effectiveness of the regenerator. Well remember that the effectiveness of the regenerator represents how much heat is transferred divided by how much heat could be transferred if conditions were perfect. So I have to fight the urge to do my Jermaine Clement impression when I say conditions are perfect. Q-regen is going to be the heat exchange from one side to the other which could be H3 minus H4 or it could also be H1 minus H6. For Q-regen max, we are considering what would happen if everything were perfect and I think the easiest way to figure out what that is is by imagining a plot of temperature versus position. I'm going to define X as a position starting from the left. So the temperature at state 1 is supposed to be higher than state 0.6. The temperature at state 0.4 is supposed to be lower than the temperature at state 0.3. Theoretically the hottest temperature should be at position 3 and the lowest temperature should be at 6 and then we are adding heat from 6 to 1, moving heat from 3 to 4. So if we had the worst regenerator ever we would have horizontal lines between 3 and 4 and 1 and 6 and if we had a little bit of heat transfer that means 1 would scoot a little bit up relative to 6 and 4 would drop down by the same amount between 3 and 4. I guess they would drop by the same amount if we had a constant specific heat capacity here because there's a little bit of variance, it's not technically the same amount but pretty close to the same amount. Then as our effectiveness increases 1 goes up, 4 goes down until if we had an infinite amount of surface area 4 and 6 would be the same temperature and 3 and 1 would be the same temperature. Therefore, Q-region max is H3 minus H6. If you like to think about the effectiveness of the regenerator as a visual proportion it is the visual proportion of this distance here divided by this distance here. So whatever the case we can represent the effectiveness of the regenerator as H3 minus H4 divided by H3 minus H6. So 3 minus 4 would be 308.383 minus 305.17 divided by H3 minus H6 which would be 308.383 minus 270.053 and we get 0.083 or 8.3% effectiveness. So what that means is that the regenerator isn't exchanging very much heat at all and that makes sense. It's only dropping the temperature of the hot side stream by about 3 degrees and increasing the temperature of the cold stream by about 3 degrees. So low effectiveness matches what we're seeing in our state point data. Part A done. Part B asks us for the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space. So that would be the amount of Q in. That's the heat exchanged between 4 and 5 and since we want the rate of heat removal we're going to take our mass flow rate which is 0.4 and multiply it by a specific Q in. So I'm going to calculate that first so that I don't have to scan up and down to see what numbers I'm typing in. I can just write them from the calculator. 0.4 times 76.933 gives us a Q dot in of 30.77 kilowatts. So way down here I can write Q dot in is equal to mass flow rate times specific Q in which is equal to 0.4 kilograms per second multiplied by the 76.933 kilojoules per kilogram and a kilowatt is defined as a kilojoule per second. So kilojoules, kilojoules, kilograms, kilograms. That can cancel seconds left with kilowatts. 30.77 of them specifically. Then part C asks us for the coefficient of performance. We have to figure out if this is operating in a cooling mode or a heating mode. We can deduce that it must be operating in a cooling mode because we're talking about the refrigerated space as opposed to that place where we're getting all the heat that we don't care about. That's an implication that we're using this as a refrigerator. We can also deduce the fact that a gas refrigeration system is really bad at moving heat and it's really only useful in a situation where you're trying to air condition or refrigerate something and you really, really want to conserve weight at all costs. So costly is the weight that you are willing to pay a bunch more work to do that. If you wanted a heating system it would be much more effective to heat it in other ways. As a result, we're going to call this a COPR which we can write as QIN over net work in. QIN was 76.933. So if I pop up my calculator, that would be 76.933. And our net work was 48.179. We get a coefficient of performance of 1.6. I'm leaving a bunch of decimals so that when we compare the cold air standard versus the not cold air standard we can see with a little bit more detail the difference between the two. With that, our problem in parallel universe number one is done. So all we have to do now is repeat the entire problem all over again except this time what if we had assumed constant specific heats and more specifically what if we had assumed constant specific heats at 300 Kelvin? As a result of that assumption we can replace all of our delta H's with Cp delta T's. So once we look up the Cp of air at 300 Kelvin and determine all six temperatures we can calculate the work in, the Q in, the workout and the Q out. Since the lookup is easier, let's grab that before we get into our temperatures. From table A20, the Cp of air at 300 Kelvin is 1.005. Next we need six temperatures. For that I'm going to build a little table. So 1, 3 and 5 are going to be the same temperatures and look we have three of our six temperatures. We are halfway there. To go from 1 to 2 we are going to deploy our isentropic ideal gas relations and when we deploy our isentropic ideal gas equations with the assumption of constant specific heats we have a lot of options to choose from. The option that's going to be most useful here is this one. T2 over T1 is equal to P2 over P1 raised to the K minus 1 over K. P2 over P1 is our pressure ratio which is 5 for this problem and if we knew K we could determine T2. K comes from the same table as our Cp value. We're going to use the K value of air at 300 which is going to be 1.4. Therefore T2 is going to equal T1 multiplied by 5 raised to the 0.4 divided by 1.4 power and T1 was 293.15. So 293.15 multiplied by 5 raised to the power of our K value which is 1.4 minus 1 divided by our K value which is 1.4. We get a temperature at state 2 of 464.297. I'll write that a little bit more explicitly here. Oh excuse me, T1 is not 293, it is just 273.15. So let's correct our math. T2 is 432.62. Let's compare our state 2 temperature to what it was without that assumption. It is a little bit higher when we assume constant specific heats. Interesting. Next up we can repeat our process from 4 to 5. This time around we have temperature 5 and we are trying to find temperature 4. Well we can write out our proportions the same way. I mean, in order to write this equation, I had T2 over T1 is equal to P2 over P1 raised to the K minus 1 over K. We could write T5 over T4 is equal to T5 over P4 raised to the K minus 1 over K. We recognize that we have T5. We know P5 over P4 is going to be 1.5 this time. So solving for T4, we have T5 is divided by 1.5 to the K minus 1 over K. So 193.15 divided by the quantity 0.2, excuse me, I'll write 1.5 just to be consistent, raised to the power of 1.4 minus 1 divided by 1.4 and we get a temperature of 305.915. Let's compare that to without the assumption of constant specific heats. And interesting. When we assume constant specific heats, we have a slightly higher temperature. Whatever the case though, we have enough information to be able to calculate state 6 and that is going to start to the same way as it did when we used our enthalpies, which is we're going to perform an energy balance on the regenerator. The only difference is that we are using the assumption of constant specific heats so we can replace the delta H's with Cp delta T's. So writing this as a positive quantity, I would have H3 minus H4 is equal to H1 minus H6. And I assume constant specific heats and I get Cp times T3 minus T4 is equal to Cp times T1 minus T6. Canceling the Cps because they're evaluated at the same temperature. Therefore T6 is equal to T1 minus T3 plus T4. T1 minus T3 plus T4. Let's see if I can remember that. 273.15 minus T3 308.15 plus T4 305.915. We get 270.915 and then we will double check. We should be adding heat between 6 and 1. We should be increasing the temperature slightly because again, a real lousy regenerator and then we are increasing between 3 and 4, both of those match up. That's a good sign. Now that we have all six temperatures, we can calculate our work in, our Q in, our workout and our Q out terms. So Cp value of 1.005 multiplied by T2 minus T1, which is 432.62 minus 273.15. Our work in is 160.267. Q in is Cp times T6 minus T5 and we get 78.154. Workout is Cp times T4 minus T5 and 15 minus 193.15.  We get 125.092. Then just like before, I'm going to calculate a network and a net heat transfer and I'm going to do that in this space here. So net work in is equal to work in minus workout, scooch to the left and then net heat transfer out is Q out minus Q in. So we have 160.267, 160.267 minus 113.329 and we are comparing that number to 125.092 minus 78.154. The fact that we got the same number is a good indication that we built our equations correctly. 46.938 and 46.938. Now we can proceed to the rest of the problem. So again, we're using the same equation for the effectiveness of the regenerator. The only difference here is that we are plugging in Cp delta T and we could build that with the plot that I had drawn earlier with the temperature distribution across the regenerator, which by the way I can get rid of this axis definition. We can use the same temperature plot to relate our difference in temperatures just like we did with our enthalpies. So we're going to take the effectiveness is equal to Q Regen divided by Q Regen Max. The only difference is that we are using Cp delta T's. So Cp times T3 minus T4 divided by Cp times T3 minus T6. So 1.005, actually, since they're the same Cp, we can just cancel the terms. T3 minus T4, so 308.15 minus 305.915 divided by T3 minus T6, 308.15 minus 270.915 and we get an even worse effectiveness. Well done regenerator, 0.06 or 6%. Let's double check. I grabbed 4 and 6, which are 05.915 and 270.915. Yep, it really is just that much worse. For Part B we want Q.in, I believe, which was mass flow rate times little Q in. We have the same mass flow rate as earlier, which is 0.4 and then we're multiplying by a specific Q in which was 78.154. 78.154 kilojoules per kilogram and a kilowatt is defined as a kilojoule per second. Kilograms, cancels, kilograms, kilojoules, cancels, kilojoules, seconds, cancels, seconds. Leaving me with an answer in kilowatts. So 0.4 times 78.154 yields a Q.in of 31.26 kilowatts. Lastly, I want to calculate COPR again, which is going to be Q in divided by the network in. Q in was 78.154 divided by the network in which was 46.938. We get a coefficient of performance of 1.665 and that completes our second version of the analysis. I guess I had squared the other terms. Let me do that here. I guess boxed would be a better word. I had boxed the terms. So not that it really matters within the context of this example problem, but comparing and contrasting the analysis without the assumption of constant specific heats versus adding in the analysis with the assumption of constant specific heats. We can see that the assumption of constant specific heats means that we typically overestimate things. We're overestimating how much heat is transferred, which means that in situations like this, we're actually decreasing the result because we aren't doing as well because we could theoretically be transferring a whole bunch more because we're overestimating that amount of heat transfer. But whatever the case, we end up with a coefficient of performance about 1.6 to 1.65 depending on how you analyzed it and an amount of heat pulled from the refrigerated space of about 31 kilowatts.


Welcome back to Kids Fun Science. My name is Ken. Today's experiment is the baking powder spud marine. As always, adult supervision is required. What you need for this experiment is a potato, a dowel, a tank for water, a wood, knife, baking soda, cream a tartar, drill bit, and water. Start off with a small potato. I use a quarter inch drill bit, a six and three five millimeter drill bit, and just make three holes. I'm doing it by hand. You might have to put it into your actual drill. It seemed pretty easy. Just do it by hand. Go all the way through and pull it out so it's clean for all three and you kind of just center it out there. So you have all three completely. If you have to go back, you don't want to make the hole larger than a quarter inch, so don't make it bigger, but make sure it's clear all the way through on both sides. So we have it look exactly like this. So you can see all the way through. Then you're going to take a box cutter or a knife and on the bottom part of it, you're going to cut out like a funnel or a larger hole. So make sure you don't hit the other two holes. So when you do do the drill bits, make sure they're separated out so you don't have them too close together.  So you're going to continue to do that and play with it. You might even have to trim it up a little bit towards the end after we do a little bit of testing. So we'll keep carving this out and you'll see the end results. I'm going to go a little bit farther than that. Then take a thin piece of plywood and a dowel and we're going to cut them to these dimensions. The dowel is going to be a quarter inch dowel and I'm going to make that one inch or 2.5 centimeters. And then the piece of plywood is a half inch by one inch or 1.25 centimeters by two and a half centimeters. So what we're trying to do here is to kind of get baking powder. That's baking soda. So to get baking powder we need to do one teaspoon of baking soda just like this. And then we're going to do one teaspoon of cream of tartar and we're going to put that in there and then we're going to mix it up. So it's completely mixed up and then that gives you baking powder and that's what we need is baking powder, not baking soda. Even though we do use baking soda you need the cream of tartar sauce and mix that up and then we'll be a little bit more and we're ready to do the experiment. So now you're going to take your periscope, put it inside. It should fit really snug inside that plywood that we cut out and drill the hole in in the middle. And then you're going to put that on the top part of it with the longer end of the stick in there or push it all the way down. So I'm going to flip that over and push it in so it's nice and tight. And then we should go into testing our spud marine. So here it is. As you can see I got my hole in the bottom. It's a little bit bigger than the others. I cut off the sides because when you test it and put it in the water without the baking powder it should sink very very slowly and it wasn't. So I cut off just like that, that speed right there. But I cut off too much and so then it just floated, right? So I had to put some pieces back on and I used some toothpicks to be able to hold the extra pieces back on afterwards. So now we're ready to go. You put the baking powder just a little bit in there and compact it down. I just do it with my finger. And then you can see my toothpicks in there holding that extra piece of potato just to get the right weight on the potato so it sinks. And then you put it in and it will sink to the bottom and it will stay there. And then it starts to sit. It's waiting and hopefully we're going to just like a submarine. We're going to start to go back up to the surface which is pretty pretty cool. So the science behind this is the baking powder will come in contact with water which then will turn into and cause a chemical reaction. This reaction will produce air bubbles along the bottom of the potatoes as you can see right here a little stream causing it to rise back to the surface. And if we come in closer here we can see underneath all the air bubbles pop in the pocket and it's creating more as you see it fizzing right there. And it's what's causing the spud marine to come to the surface. So we put it down to the bottom and it's going to rise right back up to the top as it will keep creating air bubbles and making that chemical reaction until all the baking powder is used up. Which I find pretty fascinating. The hardest part is getting the potato to be the exact weight so it sinks but it doesn't float. And so once you get that down you'll be set. I hope you enjoyed this video. Remember to click thumbs up and to subscribe. Thanks for watching.


The Human Vaccines Project was launched in 2015 with the mission to decode the human immune response to accelerate development of vaccines and immunotherapies for major diseases by deciphering the complete repertoire of B and T cell receptors across the human population, understanding the key principles of how a vaccine elicits a protective and durable response using a system immunology approach, and conducting experimental clinical trials to understand the influence of influenza pre-exposures on subsequent influenza immunization and the mechanisms of protection. This article was authored by Stacey L. Wooden and Wayne Seacoff.