Welcome back to the next episode of The Therapy Show Behind Closed Doors and we're going to talk a little bit about how can therapy help with relationships this week. Fantastic title, one of my most favorite titles you've come up with. Favorite titles? Why, Bob? Why this one? Because I firmly believe the most important relationship we need to adhere to is the relationship with ourselves. Oh, that's nice. Which I think that's overlooked a lot of the time. I wrote a book called that. Did you? I wrote a book called The Most Important Relationship and it was privately sold, so it was 1986 or something like that. Yeah, I've written a very, did it go Cosmopolitan? I'm not sure, but it was a very well-received article talking about the most important relationship with yourself. I'm a firm, firm believer that's what therapy is about, so we have to start there surely. Surely we have to start there because you see everything that's happening internally between ourselves and TA has a very good model of looking at this. This has a very good model of personality looking at the three parts of the ego, which in TA is called pair and adult and child. That's a very good model for understanding ourselves and unless we really look at ourselves first, the relationship with ourselves first, then we'll act out or we'll communicate with people externally in a way perhaps which isn't effective because we haven't actually dealt with the relationship within ourselves. Interesting. So that's where I come from as a therapist and I always have. That is that as we deal with our own hurts and the communication and transactions between the different parts of ourselves, we will then be able to externally more be effective to other people. Yeah, for some people, when I talk about we compartmentalize and we put things in boxes and separate out. I don't want to say I have different personalities, but sometimes clients can misunderstand what I mean by that. They think they've got multiple personality disorder or the split personality and all these sorts of things. And it's like, well, no, I'm quite happy with the fact that I'm a different person in different places and with different people. There are different facets to me. I'm not a cardboard cutout that's two dimensional. And that's how I see the relationship with myself, the different parts of me. Absolutely. And if you're not kind with yourself, you won't be kind with other people. If you don't respect yourself, you won't respect other people. If you don't talk to yourself nicely, you won't talk nicely to other people. Self-care can be seen as quite selfish, though, and self-centred by a lot of people. Might even be seen as self-indulgent. Yeah. But I quite like the word self-care. Me too. I'll change the word self-indulgent to self-care or being aware of yourself, because unless you're aware of yourself and what's happening in terms of the narrative and how you talk to yourself, you'll not be aware of how you can have more effective communication with other people. Yeah. And I see, you know, self-care, people say it's selfish. I always say it's not it's selfless. We need to prioritise ourselves because there's a reason why we're told to put our oxygen mask on first before we help anybody else. Yeah. Because if we treat ourselves in unkind ways, we will be like that to other people. So the people, the person we need to change first is our self. Absolutely. And it's the completely the wrong way around. In other words, if we just concentrate on external communication at the expense of leaving our internal communication, things won't be as effective as we wish them to be. So couples therapy, for example, if you go to a good couples therapist, they won't just concentrate on how you talk to each other. They'll talk first of all, I hope, how you talk to yourself. Or how the two parental systems interlock. So as a couple therapist, in terms of, you know, say somebody came to me and said that they wanted to communication have broken down. And they wanted to restore communication an effective way between the two of themselves. Probably one of the first things I'd be looking at is how they're two frames of reference interlock or don't. And a really good question to say is, right, if their parents are alive or even if they're dead anyway, but if you put them in the same room together, would they get on? Because it's the communication that you have internally about yourself and the people in the world that is the basis for any relationships with anyone else. And the number one place actually, Jackie, where relationships start to go around, well, not number one, but number two, is when, of course, the couple have kids and their styles of parenting are completely opposite. Yeah. And that's because they both have had parents, which have had different parenting styles, and they've internalized different ways of parenting. And then they start arguing. Yeah. So that is something that I've discussed, you know, at length, at certain times in the therapy room is about, you know, how can we compromise with certain things. If we're both bringing our own upbringing and our past experience and the way that we were parented into the room, is there a compromise or are we on completely different pages with how we parent? Absolutely. That's one of the major top skin therapy I would imagine. Yeah. And I, you know, whether it's right or wrong, but I always say that, you know, there's this middle of the road parents in, which I think is what we should aim for, because there's overindulgence on one end and neglects on the other.  Absolutely. So I think going to yourself and looking at how you talked to yourself and the narrative you talked to yourself about and whether you're kind to yourself and love yourself and can give warmth to that child inside yourself is the foods for effective communication with others. Yeah. Whatever relationship. Yeah, yeah, totally agree. And being, you know, being conscious of the words that we use, I think are quite a good, you know, I don't know, barometer of where our thoughts are. You know, if we're saying things like, I need to do this, I should do that, all those sort of things, which ego state we're in. And, you know, a lot of the internal dialogue that we have can be quite negative. And it is quite, you know, coming from the critical parents a lot of the time. Yeah, I mean, I am responsible for nearly all the assessments at the Institute where I work at. And when people come in and get assessed for therapy, one of the questions I always ask them almost every person is, are they hard on themselves? And invariably, they say yes. Now, if that's the case, they're going to be hard on other people. So relationships are therefore from that stance, stance are problematic from the beginning.  Yeah, I think that's a one really big area to look at in terms of how we can be more effective in communication. If we're more effective in communication with ourselves, it's a really big area, isn't it? Yes, yeah, yeah. And again, I suppose being honest and truthful with ourselves and our thoughts and our processes as well. Absolutely. And there's a difference between, well, let's put it another way around. You know, I think the ideal for couples in relationships and in relationships per se is interdependence, not dependence or co-dependence. It's where both, both parts of the couple can get their own needs met and so it's interdependence. Yeah. So you have to be aware of your own needs. Yeah, see, I, sometimes when I have worked with couples, there's been an interesting conversation that's gone on because I suppose one of the first things that I kind of broach with them is that we can't change another person. We can't make somebody else behave in a certain way or do anything. So really, the only person that we can work on is ourselves in that relationship. And they say, well, he's the one that's causing all the problems. And what do you say back to that? Well, if, you know, both parties are invested in the couple therapy and both parties are working on themselves, then ultimately things will change. I think, you see, you are right technically. You are right, obviously. Good. I like to be right technically. No one, you know, like no one can make somebody do something. No, I'm with you obviously on that. However, or so can people do have impacts on people. Oh, yeah. Yeah. And I think that's, that is important to bring into the equation. Yeah. Yeah. One of the conversations I have an awful lot is that, is it our thoughts about what the other person has done that creates our feeling? Good question. That's a very good question. And that's the conversation that I have a lot of the time, you know, that maybe what the partner is doing isn't fair on me and I don't deserve it. And how can they do that? Because that means that they don't love me and, and, and all these thoughts around it are often what, well, under percent I believe what caused the impact. Well, that's usually, and of course, probably goes in with your thinking. But mostly, of course, you know, we are projecting parts of ourselves on the other person. So if we look towards ourselves and the resolution ourselves, then we're onto a winning ticket rather than always blaming the other. Yeah. Which I think, you know, particularly if we're talking about couples happens an awful, awful lot is, well, if they didn't behave that way, I wouldn't react the way that I do. And it's kind of looking externally for reasons, for our happiness, sadness, whatever it is, rather than looking internally. Yeah, absolutely. And if you widen this out to, and I know he wanted to do this, so I, I'm going to do it. If we widen this out to relationships per say, I think, especially for people who perhaps don't know this model, listen to us. I think the model of transaction analysis is very interesting model to look at. And Eric Burn, who is the originator of TA, had a whole theory of communication where he analyzed transactions and talked about how people could come from different parts of themselves to to help change the course of communication. So you've got more effective communication. I would suggest TA books, some of the early, very simple TA books, would be a good place to look at. Because Eric Burn talked about three separate types of transactions in effective communication, adult to adult and complementary transactions, ulterior transactions. So that's a good place to look at. And a lot of problems in communication, generally, is when people think they're coming from one part of themselves, but they actually aren't, they're coming from another part of themselves. And as a therapist, I always look towards people attempting to come from an I'm okay, you're okay position, and coming from an adult to adult position. So TA has a lot to offer here, I think. Yeah, yeah. And I think it's a model that on the surface is quite easy to understand. But I can remember when somebody first asked me when I was starting, I think it was on the TA 101 that you did, you know, how much are you in your adult? And I said all the time. And that was my immediate reaction. I am an adult. I mean, my thought is why would I not be in my adults all the time. But it's when we unpack that. And yeah, that I realized is probably a lot of the time I'm not in my adults. Well, I think, you know, let's just take some stressful situations, which might be an example of what we're talking about here. Let's pick going to an interview. I've said that because I think most people listen to this poll, we've gone to an interview at some point. Yeah. Yeah. And usually, interviews for most people are quite stressful. Yeah. And they may prepare and rehearse and goodness knows what. And hopefully they may get the interview. I was thinking particularly about actors and actresses here who go through thousands of auditions and etc, etc. But anyway, so what happens in a lot of interviews is they go to the interview thinking they're coming from the age they are 42 or whatever it is. But actually, they're coming from a much younger self. And they project on to the person on the other side of the interview, their mother, their father, their critical parent, whoever it is. So they end up doing the interview from a position which doesn't help them. Yeah. And often can be a breakdown in communication. So when a person is coming from a younger self, often in communication, things don't work out as they want them to. Because they're not being in the here and now to use the effective resources they've got. Yes. Yeah. To enable them to illustrate their potential. Yeah. They're stuck in some sort of scared place or wherever it is in the past. Relationships are perfect. Going back to relationships when people project on their onto the other, their parent or their critical abuse or whatever it is, and come from a scared, compliant, overadapted place. And the relationship is then more parent child driven than adult to adult. That's a TA language speak. Yeah. Yeah. And that parent child transaction can be complimentary. It can be that way for quite a long time. Again, with couples that I've seen in therapy, we've spoken about it and one does take on the parenting role a lot of the time. And the other one is quite comfortable in the child status because they're allowed to be in the free child a lot of the time because the other one's taking control of everything. And it's usually representative of their history. Either what the child has watched in terms of the parent and in terms of the mother and father drama they're watching in front of them or one they played out. Yeah. Now those types of relationships you talk about, if they're usually that way, child to parent driven, they usually break down some time or the other. And that's because there's not really a relationship that's happening in present time. It's from two different parts of the self. So the other parts of the self are not used. So the child, for example, if they get stuck in a younger child, isn't using the adult resources that they've got. And if somebody's just stuck in parent, they're not. They don't have access also to the freer child or whatever it is. Yeah. There's a model, I think, to look at how communication can break down and what to do about it, which is usually getting back into adults somehow. Yes. Yeah. Yeah. I know, for anybody that's listening to this that wants to know more, your YouTube channel has some really good videos on there around parent, adult and child and some of the, I wanted to say the basic TA. Yes, it has. But I think it's more in depth as well. It's not just basic stuff, but also some quite in-depth things on there that people can go and maybe have a look at. Yeah. And if you want to put things even wider context, you can look at societies and cultures and think, well, are they parent driven cultures or are they child driven cultures, for example? Yeah. So TA is a good model to look at communication, I think, generally. Yeah. We can get into adult frames, rather than being stuck in an archaic past or some parental future. And it's often about awareness and understanding when we are in these different places, the different ego states. And, you know, at certain times, you know, if we're feeling unwell, if we're tired, if we're overwhelmed, we're not always going to be open to being in the adult. No, stress. Sometimes we want to be looked after, so we will go into it, are we younger self? And that's okay. The problem isn't that, Jackie. The problem is, when a person gets stuck in that place, not that they don't go into them, I can, I'm quite happy to address to a four-year-old to be looked after. Me too. But that's not the problem. The problem is if we get stuck in that place, that's the problem. Yeah. And I think some people, when I talk about ego states, they kind of have a misunderstanding that I'm talking about them being childish in the relationship. And it's, it's... Not that.  No, no. So, it's a very good model. And I think that fact, I think it's one of the best models to look at how you, to understand how communication may go wrong. Yeah, me too. I think I've said it in quite a few of these podcasts that I love transactional analysis, because there's pretty much a diagram for everything. And this, a really good diagram, to look at how communication goes wrong, is often called the drama triangle. Yes. Where you have, and they're not real roles. They're psychological roles. It's a triangle where you have a persecutor rescue and victim. And looking at how people fall into these psychological roles. And, and as they do, of course, communication will break down. And of course, therapists will help you get off that drama triangle, if you like, and come from a more adult place. Yeah, which I think is a wonderful ending to this podcast episode when you're talking about the drama triangle and what you were saying about our relationship with ourselves at the beginning. It's kind of gone full circle, really. How we see ourselves, how we talk to ourselves, do we talk to ourselves with a victim mentality or a rescuer and those sort of things. Yeah. And how we can get off that triangle and treat ourselves in an okay way. Yeah. Thank you so much, Bob. Great, great. And what's the next podcast? I don't honestly know. It will be a surprise. We've got a, we've got a long list to cover. We have a long list. So I'm sure if you had that list in front of you, you would be able to entice our listeners. I would be able to do. But anyway, I look forward to talk about whatever it is. And that'll be fun. Yeah. Okay, Dott. Thank you so much, Bob. I'll speak to you soon. You're welcome. Take care. Take care. Bye. You've been listening to The Therapy Show behind closed doors podcast. We hope you enjoyed the show. Don't forget to subscribe and leave us a review. We'll be back next week with another episode.


Hi, I'm Bart Poulsen and I'm teaching this online course and I thought it might be a really good idea for me to Actually introduce myself since during most of the course you don't see me you see my computer screen and you hear my voice But don't necessarily know who that's connected with a Couple of things to know about me number one. I am a psychology professor now not the useful kind of psychologist like a clinical Psychologist I have a PhD in social and personality psychology. I Have a background on doing experimental research to understand the way people think about people about themselves I did research on interpersonal conflict. I got trained as a mediator did more research on that That's my background at least that's my background in psychology because I've done a lot more than that so for instance my whole life from the time I was a tiny little kid until I was a Junior in college. I meant to be a designer. I was taking drawing classes and color theory and two and three dimensional design and I Loved it, but I did an internship an informal internship at General Motors Which served the important purpose of internships have told me what I did not want to do and so I decided to switch over to psychology after Working around with a few different people and looking to see what I could do I actually got connected with a professor at my undergraduate school I went to Brigham Young University Who was a social psychologist and doing fascinating research on the emotional division of labor in same-sex couples? It was such cool research. I decided I wanted to be a social psychologist too So that's what I did in grad school. I went to the City University of New York and while I was there I got it master of arts and a master of philosophy and a PhD in social psychology I Then came back to Utah I got married while I was in school and my wife Jackie who is a modern dance choreographer is from Salt Lake So even though I'm from Los Angeles We came to Salt Lake so she could resume her career She had a lot of things going on here and I started teaching part-time at Salt Lake Community College at Utah Valley State College As it was known then then I got a full-time gig for three years at BYU as a visiting professor when that wrapped up a Job miraculously opened at UVU and I applied for it and I've been here now for 18 or 19 years and I love it I love what I'm able to do here because not only do I get to teach statistics and I've actually taught a whole range of psychology classes introductory psychology lifespan social Personality gender sexuality test and measures cognitive experimental research methods And of course a lot of sections of statistics. There's things going on there I've actually also been able to do creative work easy I used to be a design student and like I said, but I haven't totally given that up I For instance got to go on a sabbatical a few years ago to learn more about data visualization that's an important element of working with data and I enrolled for a year again as a full-time undergraduate student at the UVU and Got an arts technology certificate during that time. I also learned how to do some creative work I put a Microsoft Kinect onto my Mac and I got a bunch of dancers to do improvs And I did some computer processing on that and turned it into a big three projector piece that I showed in the gallery After that, I actually got to collaborate with my wife the choreographer to do some Digital work and choreography for Repertory Dance Theater in Salt Lake and then here at UVU I collaborated with both my wife and with Nicole Ortega of the dance department on a two-year project We called dance loops where I designed methods for doing live video manipulation and looping for modern dance on stage It's a lot of fun and the important thing about that is it all came about because my interest in statistics It's not just this, you know, right brain left brain sort of thing My creative work is connected and really springs from a lot of my own work in Psychology and so I have a lot of interests. I do statistics. I do data science I do creative work I also teach people how to work with a lot of things both in classes here at UVU and online I make video courses for LinkedIn and I do things like explain what data science is what data mining is what big data is and Show people how to use programs like R and SPSS and Jmovi and I Have my own company called data lab dot CC where I also make video courses that I give away for free and all of this connects Circuitously with my interests in both statistics and in data science. Anyhow These are some of the things that are important to me and have motivated some of my work and truthfully My hope is that I can find a way to help you do the things that are important to you If you're thinking about graduate school, I would love to talk with you about that if you're thinking about changing majors I would love to talk with you about that if you're thinking of opening a business I would love to talk with you about that and see how I can possibly give you some useful information from my own experience and from the time that I've spent as a both a professor and As a person to help give you some suggestions that might be useful in all of those in any case Please reach out. Please contact me. I would love to hear from you and in the meantime. Thanks so much for joining me here


We are talking about the what are the different kinds of drought which people are trying to coin it out and what is the type of inconvenience that happens. Now when you want to that is what we are going to talk about in the drought vulnerability and risk assessment. When you talk about assessing the vulnerability to drought there are conceptual models which will tell you about how do we do that and it could be a climate based vulnerability or it could be a agriculture based what is the climate based vulnerability is the rainfall temperature and things like that whereas the agriculture vulnerability it is a vulnerability due to the non availability of water of growth plant plant growth is stunted. So that is what we call it as a agriculture vulnerability. Occupational vulnerability is another one which is based on the livelihood. Now how we this type of vulnerabilities can we do that is one is exposure in the sense you are doing an activity that activity is likely to be affected because of the thing. Now here in this case what you are doing is if you are based on the rainfall too much and also your irrigation is the required then your crop is likely to be done. Sensitivity is if there is going to be a slight change in the temperature or in the rainfall conditions the crop is very sensitive so that is what is known as that. Sensitive capacity is with all these deviations in the weather parameters then how people are able to cope up with the losses or cope up in the reduced outputs or reduced crop yield. So that everything put together that is what the we call it as a vulnerability. Vulnerability is nothing but how vulnerable or sensitive those people who are in those regions due to you a change in the due to the occurrence of a drought or not drought that means availability or non availability of water that leads to the livelihood issues. Now that is what is how can we do what is a exposure. Exposure is nothing but is can be made about if you are there in a particular region where it is a drought prone that is drought happens at a different frequently and because they depend on the rainfall then it is the rainfall which matters that is for the water purposes this is depending upon whether it is annual rainfall or seasonal monthly of that kind of category. Then the temperature the fluctuation in temperature either towards the higher side or towards the reduced temperatures that will also is likely to affect the crop growth. So that is where the temperature variations and vegetation cover this is the vegetation growth and the type how the vegetation growth is affected by the deviation in temperature condition temperature and rainfall condition or water availability conditions whether what type of cultivated area if it is a cultivated area we have the we have not we are looking for crop production for a planning purposes. So we expect some amount of yield from those areas if that is not coming up then we have that when we have the national level food security which is in going to be in trouble. Now the population density is another factor in addition to the when you have a water sources it need to be shared amidst the population as well as towards the agriculture too. So now these are all the different parameters which are used in identifying the exposure to drought. When you look at this particular place what is added is everything is given here ranking and weightages depending upon the past history and then it is added now the exposure of population and agriculture due to the drought condition they have been grouped into very high to low depending upon the cumulative score based on the exposure ratings. Now the second one is sensitivity. Sensitive is nothing but sensitivity in low or drop in a different one parameter how it is going to affect the other activity that is what the thing here when it looks like that if the irrigation is total if the one area if it needs more 100 percentage irrigation oriented that is a canal oriented irrigation that means it is sensitivity to rainfall and storage and release of water from the reservoir. Whereas agriculture labour if there is going to be only agriculture labour that means if you do not do agriculture then the labourers and it is family they are likely to suffer a lot. When this crop production if the entire one thing is an agriculture labour another thing is the owner of the plot if he depends only on the crop production and without any other income his lifestyle will be in trouble. So this is the four parameters which will tell you about how sensitive this areas to these variations. So this is also based on the ranking and waiting aspect so they have been given and it has been grouped according to that if the when you look at it irrigated areas so if the irrigation is not done at the right time then the crop production will be over. Now then other thing is adaptive capacity suppose if there is going to be a rainfall deficiency if there is going to be a rainfall event how people will be able to manage the issue that is what the adaptive capacity. This here the adaptive capacity is water holding structures if they have too many water holding structures at least supplying water to this at least one water holding structure will be able to get a water so rest of them they are able to do that. Then if it is going to be ground water recharge is good then they were they have the better chances of adopting it with ground water and with a minimum utility purposes whereas if we are going to have livestock density water demand and literacy information is nothing but it is when you have a literate information you can identify the possible sources of water resources in the neighboring hood areas and then how do we then you know how to go approach and collect it that is where the literary information comes out and how to when to read the cloud read the satellite data read the weather forecasting information and then try to say how to hold on to the non availability of water situation for some time or how many days and then get away with that. So this is what the adaptive capacity of this region which is means in that but molding exposure sensitive and all those things they will put together we have the drought vulnerability index which is developed here and which will tell you about what is the percentage of drought vulnerability that means this area 80 percentage of the area is going to be affected by the vulnerability whereas in this areas where the vulnerability is less that means less than the vulnerability is only 54 percentage rest of them are able to have the adaptive capacity. So in this this is how the drought vulnerability index is often generated based on the so meteorological then hydrological agriculture and the socio economic factors are included and then it is done. So it will be able to when you want to do a litigation work you can improve the storage capacity water distribution capacity or people's ability to adapt. So you can frame your management practices on different scales rather than depending only on a particular aspects. Now this is villages how much percentage of the villages here in this area 80.65 percentage of the village population is likely to be affected by that whereas here it is less. Then adaptive capacity is in this areas where the people have got highest adaptive capacity whereas in this areas where they have got a low adaptive capacity. So that is nothing but it is their own personal resources and their personal ability to cope up with the drought which is a temporary period but it is not going to be a permanent features for those people. Now what we have seen in the in this lecture is normally drought vulnerability activities we talk about how vulnerable to a particular aspect whereas in this case what we are able to say is we are able we are able to integrate the different aspects of a drought and then we are trying to bring out which is the area which needs attention immediately and which are the areas which needs attention for a of a focused attention is needed rather than so that the crisis management can be avoided or it can be splitted into the expected and then develop your own resistance or adaptive capacity of the region and then so that the drought even comes and then passes off. Thank you.


Let us get to the black body radiation now we will not spend so much time but we will discuss all the questions whatever we get. So now that we have realized that the radiation energy emitted is a function of it is going to be a function of we have not taken up these issues it is going to be a function of temperature we had fixed the temperature if I vary the temperature it is going to vary material of the body whether it is a conductor or non conductor condition of it is a surface that is whether it is a polished or rough surface okay. So these are all the factors or the parameters which also affect the radiation of the amount of the radiation energy okay. Now if I take a given the amount of the radiation energy emitted no it is it is it is nothing copy paste problem so this has to be removed see we tend to copy paste while making this notes no I have missed this out this is the same sentence as this okay so because fonts and all I can manage so they while typing that has come out like that okay. Now as I keep saying ideal cases are always our references what is the what is a body which gives the maximum MSU power that is what we say it has that is the standard and that is the black body and that was what was black body what is a black body first let us define the black body. Black body absorbs all the incident radiation regardless of it has no preference for wavelength and direction so far we were harping on wavelength and direction but for black body it has no preference it is independent of wavelength and direction and for a prescribed temperature and wavelength no surface can emit more energy than the black body okay and although the radiation emitted by a black body is a function of wavelength and temperature stated same thing again it is independent of direction what does this mean it is also a what it is also a good emitter it is the best emitter and it is a best absorber okay it is set diffuse because it is independent of the word diffuse is used here because it is independent of direction is that okay so of course this is just to show that black body is independent of direction this is having a preference with direction that is real body okay so now coming back to Stefan Boltzmann law this has been given to us just like that so we are also stating that Stefan Boltzmann law says that E b equal to sigma t to the power of 4 we have done this already this relation this was again theoretically verified it was first given by Stefan and theoretically verified by Boltzmann and this gives the maximum MSU power at all I mean it is it is the sum of all the integration of all the wave lengths as we as we said as I said earlier for each temperature there is a particular wavelength range within which my body is going to emit it is going to emit this is integrated we will see that how are we going to do that integration before we get to that this is I just want to spend some time because actually there was a paper by I will put this in moodle there was a paper by John in 2007 he has written this paper just to bring what are the contributions of Stefan okay Joseph Stefan his life and legacy in thermal sciences okay I will be putting up this in moodle so it is so beautifully explains although we know Stefan so much we do not know him I mean he is anonymous to us in the sense that we do not really realize his contributions he is Stefan okay so how did he figure out that he has to take t to the power of 4 it so happened that he was the first person to measure the thermal conductivity of gases accurately in all the experimental results which were reported for radiation there were losses but they were not able to quantify the losses because air was sitting inside so they had to minus the conduction they had to deduct the heat loss because of conduction because of the presence of air so for that I need to know the thermal conductivity of air he was the first guy to measure the thermal conductivity of the air properly he gave the number 0.0211 but today's value is 0.02635 that is the value 0.0 he measured 0.0234 okay but today's value is 0.02635 because he could get the thermal conductivity properly he did the curve fitting earlier curve fittings were tried was some constant into some constant to the power of t definitely it did not work okay but he deducted the losses and then he did simple curve fitting on it then he found that it was coming out to be t to the power of 4 how did he check that whether it works well or not somehow he had the data of sun's temperature he could predict the sun's temperature based on this and he found that it is 5800 Kelvin that is how Stefan first gave but then Boltzmann happened to join him as a student for his PhD and I do not know whether as a part of his PhD he did come out this explanation of sigma as 5 point when he did when bold Stefan did the curve fitting it was around 5.15 into 10 to the power of minus 8 Boltzmann derived it and found it as 5.67 into 10 to the power of minus 8 but I do not know really whether Boltzmann did this as a part of PhD work or later work I do not know but Boltzmann continued to stay with Stefan they were both in University of Vienna only and Stefan is known for other problems also actually moving boundary problems for melting someone was asking yesterday melting that is for moving boundary problems also in fact there is a number called Stefan number that is sensible heat upon latent heat. So that ratio is called Stefan number Stefan has not just made contributions in radiation the point I want to strike he has measured he has solved moving boundary problems that is the melting problems he was he was doing solidification of ice how is ice getting solidified in North Pole and South Pole that he had done that is how he landed up with moving boundary problem. So there are plenty of contributions of Stefan and Stefan Stefan was on a personal note Stefan never left his lab he slept in his lab most of the times okay but Boltzmann was quite contrary to that the word used in this paper is peripatetic traveler that is used to travel all around the place but the unfortunate news in all this is that Boltzmann committed suicide committed suicide he did not have a natural death so it is a great loss perhaps he would have contributed much more than what he has contributed if he had not committed suicide but it is believed that he did not get the credit as much as he thought that he should have got at that point of time so that is why he committed suicide that is what people believe but anyway the point is on a philosophical note things are not that easy for even great scientists whom we believe that they are great today okay so that is what I just wanted to I just told all this because we do not this was all done in before 19 19 today's century so we are what we are studying today is done hundreds of years back okay okay so with that I guess we will move on to I will come to this little later how can I imagine again one more controversial and difficult to understand concept let us see whether we can complete this concept how how can I get a perfect black body see I understood that perfect black body is one which emits perfectly and absorbs also perfectly so the visualization is that if I have a cavity if I have a cavity and if I have a small hole in that if I have a small hole in that whatever comes in it undergoes multiple reflections and eventually it has to absorb converse of this also we say it is undergoing multiple reflections while undergoing multiple reflections it has to go out through this hole so that is how we visualize that isothermal cavity with a small opening can be perhaps taken as a perfect black it is true in fact when you calibrate when you calibrate when you when you are calibrating your heat flux sensors for radiation perfect black body is indeed made as a cavity and you put your sensor inside only problem there is in this cavity if I have to make it perfectly radiating what is that I should be doing in that cavity vacuum if there is air and getting perfect vacuum is very difficult you can only get some vacuum you can go to few millibars but after that it becomes whatever vacuum pump you use you are going to end up with small pressure so perfect vacuum getting is difficult so if you cannot make perfect vacuum what is the extraneous thing which gets into natural convection natural convection convection currents are generated then again as I said we cannot deduct we cannot get solely one mode of heat transfer so natural convection is very hard to remove in my cavity if I can generate a cavity in which there is no medium it is a perfect vacuum then I can get the black body is that okay is it convincing so then then rest of the radiation actually we have crossed the rough edges we have crossed the rough route okay so we are now the track is straight forward now we can afford to go fast fine coming back to Planck's distribution this I cannot derive I will have to just state Planck's distribution spectral distribution is intensity now I can understand the intensity lambda, b for a black body is given to be 2 h c0 squared what is c0 velocity of light in vacuum and h is the Planck's constant k is the Boltzmann's constant and t is the absolute temperature one word of caution in radiation as opposed to convection and conduction is temperatures are always supposed to be in Kelvin so I keep telling my students irrespective of which mode you are handling blindly let us use Kelvin because when I am handling two modes then I am in trouble so I have to be very cautious why I have to be cautious let me blindly use Kelvin so on the first day of your class you please tell our unit of temperature is going to be Kelvin no not degree Celsius if we decide on that there are believe me number of errors would be substantially less they will be getting more marks you do not know they have made that mistake you do not know how many marks to deduct now everything else is right so then you are in trouble so that is why let us take that conscious decision okay if I have this Planck's distribution now this is again Planck in fact radiation is full of Nobel prizes okay so there are five Nobel prizes who have which have come from radiation work and everything has occurred independently almost at the same time so Planck was he was Planck and he was awarded Nobel prize for this Planck's distribution okay and I will not spend too much of time and these were the guys who worked with again Helmholtz and Kirchhoff and again Bunsen all of them stalwarts were together only actually okay and it all happened in Europe only you can see one common is generally in fluid mechanics also yesterday we saw German so everything is reasonably coming out from Europe that is why Hitler thought that he is a great guy yeah yeah so so then we have the emissive power if I have to integrate for all the what is that if I have to get the emissive power the Planck's distribution is dependent on only on in this equation it is dependent on what wavelength and temperature if I fix the temperature if I fix the temperature and integrate it for all the wavelengths for all the wavelengths is that right is that right what I mean if I am not I have not integrated all the wavelengths all that I have told I have said this why did I write e lambda lambda comma t equal to pi i lambda comma b lambda comma t what is that I have assumed in the while writing that pi i lambda comma b when can I write that we have derived a little while ago for what it is good that I got confused here and now it has slowed me down pi pi pi where did it come from hi equal to pi I did I how did I come I will have to go to radiation one to show that I thought that is if it is a diffuse emitter then there is no dependency on the direction then I can here it is written a black body is a diffuse emitter that is what we stated in the definition of the black body so I can write emissive power equal to pi i lambda comma b so that is how I end up with e lambda comma b and of course so many constants handling becomes difficult so we have grouped them and made 2 pi h c0 squared at c1 and h c0 by k as c2 so now it looks little hand level hand level or tractable so e lambda comma b lambda comma t equal to c1 this using this what can I do now if I fix my temperature if I fix my temperature I can compute my emissive power over I can I can calculate my emissive power so who decides that for this temperature only this wavelength is coming out who is deciding that by this relation this relation is going to decide whether at a given temperature what is the wavelength range which is going to contribute for my thermal energy radiated or electromagnetic radiation radiated by virtue of temperature when I say by virtue of temperature I mean that in my relation I am fixing my what will be the emissive power at temperature 0 0 Kelvin absolute 0 okay yeah we will go for Chai and come back okay.


Hi everyone, Tasha here from Stardust Gold Crochet. Today, we're going to work the Neptune Beach Dress, which is a pattern I came up with recently. I used Heartland yarn and a double-ended Tunisian crochet hook, and this is a it's an eye hook, which is a 5.5 millimeter and I also used as a contrasting color a yarn from I Love This Cotton, which is awesome. It's called Prince and the print color that I used in this colorway is it's called Pink, Green and Purple print and it's really great. It has a bunch of awesome colors in there and with Heartland, I used the color Denali and this is a 4, a weight 4 and this is also a weight 4. This is 100% cotton and this is acrylic. I know they say not to mix them, but I like to live dangerously, so okay, so this is the pattern here. This is the dress. I used, I came up with a Tunisian stitch that is actually a ribbing stitch, which I didn't, you know, I kind of made it up. I actually stumbled upon it trying to create something else and then I looked everywhere to see if it was out there and I didn't see it, so it's really great. It stretches and it stretches vertically or horizontally, that's why I wanted the stripes to be vertical, but to be able to stretch it to go around the body and it was really hard coming up with a stitch like that, but it was cool and then this is the lace stitch pattern that's in the center. You can wear that in the front or the back. It's up to you, so we're going to work through all three of these parts today. We're going to do the the Tunisian ribbing stitch, the lace, and also the mesh that makes up the body of the dress. Okay, so if you don't already have a hook like this, run out and get one and then come back and watch this video because you're going to really love using Tunisian crochet hooks. It's a double-ended. There's a reason for that. So let me pause this and get my yarn in order and if you want to use all cotton, you can substitute the Heartland yarn with 24-7 cotton, which is 100% cotton and this is the color pink 101. This is great yarn, too, and if you want a full 100% cotton, you can use these two together or use another solid print or yarn of your choice. So the first few rows are done using Tunisian crochet and we're going to go ahead and what I like to say, cast on 28. We're going to chain 28. I'm going to pause it. Okay, so once you have your chain of 28, the way Tunisian crochet works is you basically cast on and pull up stitches. So we're going to go ahead and go straight into the second chain from the hook or actually the first chain from the hook.  And here I can speed up the video or you can pause it and fast forward. Okay, so we're at the last stitch. Go ahead and pull up a loop in that last one and there you'll have 28. And with Tunisian, you don't really need to chain more than what you need for your stitches because if you have 28, that's all you need is 28. You'll have 28 loops. So you've got 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28. Okay, so here's where the magic happens. This is going to be the, it's still row one, but it's considered your reverse pass. What you're going to do, we're going to flip it and wait for that helicopter to go by. Okay, so we're going to flip the hook. Normally with Tunisian crochet, you would add your color here and go back, but with this stitch I flip the hook first and then go ahead and bring up your new color, which is your contrasting color. And then you're going to pull the loop through one loop and then we're going to go ahead and chain one. Then the reverse pass is really easy. You just work through two loops by yarning over and pulling through two loops for the entire length of the row. So you yarn over, pull through two, yarn over, pull through two, and it keeps going like that. So I'll speed this part up. So once you get to the end, you're going to have a couple loops left. Just keep working through those and pull through the last one. This one's going to be kind of loose. So just tug on that. And then for this pattern, we're not going to flip it. This is what your first forward and reverse pass will look like. And so that was considered your foundation. And that's the foundation forward pass and foundation reverse pass. Then we're going to work on the regular forward pass. So drop the contrasting yarn back behind, pick up your main color. And when you choose your main color, the main color is going to be the most predominant one. It's going to be the one with the bars always. And so our forward pass for that is we're going to go through, pick up a loop, insert and pick up a loop. You can do that for the entire length on the next forward pass. And this would be considered row two, even though we've done a few more actions. And when you come to the end here, there's going to be one bar here. Work through that bar. And then also you're going to work through these two loops on the end. So you're just going to pick up, doesn't really matter which two, just preferably the ones on the outside. So when you do the edge stitches, each, this is considered an edge stitch and this is considered an edge stitch. And if you can see back there, you see that I have the hook is through. It has one of the contrasting colors. It's kind of wrapped around that. So just yarn over, pull up a loop and we're not going to chain one here. We're going to turn the hook and go back and work our reverse pass with their contrasting color. So here you're going to chain one and then reverse pass like normal. Just yarn over, pull through two loops each time. So once you reach this point, you're going to actually work. This is the first foundation row plus row two. And you're going to repeat row two until you reach the desired length that you want your dress size to be. And for mine, I made it fairly large because I'm not a small person. So it could go around. But you want to remember to account for the lace that's in between. And this lace using this yarn and this hook size measures around five inches. So when you do your around, just consider that you've got five inches there. And you also want to make it slightly smaller because this does stretch. This is a rib stitch. See, so yay, rib stitching. So all right, we'll come back. I'm not sure how long it's going to take you. It did take me a while to create this, but I didn't work on it full time. It depends on how fast you are. So pause the video and come on back to me when you're finished. All right, we're back. How long did that take you? I hope it wasn't too tedious. But so here now we've got, I did about five rows. This is for the sake of the tutorial, though. So when you get to the point where you reach the length you want to go around your body, plus the five inches for the lace, keep that in mind. We're going to go ahead and break this yarn and then just tie it off and pull it through. And then you can weave it in. And we're going to work with just the main color for the rest of the tutorial. So I'm just going to kind of smush that behind there for now. And we want to bring up the main color from behind like this and bring it around. And this is your edge stitch, remember? So we're going to recreate an edge. So we're going to insert your hook into the very first edge stitch, yarn over and pull up a loop. And so for the very first row of the lace, we're going to chain one after you pull up your loop. And then we're going to single crochet into each of the top of the gaps. And when I say gap, I mean in between the two bars and underneath the contrasting color. So there's your hole right there. So in between the two bars, underneath the contrasting color. So we're going to single crochet into each of those gaps. And when you get to the end, you're going to go around the end. And you should have 27 stitches. So we've got 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 and 27. And I wanted to mention that when you work these, this is 28, which reduces to 27 stitches when you do the single crochets. So you want to keep this main body part an even number of stitches. So when you get to this point where we're working the lace, you want to have multiples of three so that you can work into the pattern properly. So just make sure that's multiples of three. And so for row two, after we do our single crochet row, we're going to chain three and turn. So we chain three, we're going to turn it. And then we're going to skip the first two stitches and do a single crochet into the third and then chain two, skip two and do a single crochet into the next one. So this is a repeat, chain two, skip two, skip two, single crochet, chain two, skip two, single crochet. And you repeat that to the end, skip two and then you single crochet into the very last one. And that's why you need multiples of three because you're working the pattern is chain two, single crochet, it's three stitches. Alright so once you finish that we're going to chain one, turn and then single crochet into the first stitch which is right here. And then we're going to single crochet two into the chain space. And this is also in multiples of three so we're going to chain single crochet into this single crochet and then single crochet two into the chain space. That will keep your chain count or your stitch count at 27. When you get to the end you do two into the very end. So there we have our 27. Here comes the magic. This is where we're going to work the lace part or the the bars and this kind of is a little bit of a Tunisian crochet technique too. So you're going to be hopefully learning something new. So here let's at the end, sorry for my off-screen, chain two and we're going to turn it. And what we're going to do here is pull up long loops or what I called the Tunisian long stitch. So one, two, three chains from the hook.  I did mine about three quarters of an inch I suppose about there. So yarn over and pull up and hold on to it with your thumb so you don't lose your tension on it. And then insert into the top two loops of your single crochet. Yarn over and pull up again. Pinch it with your thumb. I kind of pull it off to the side a little bit. So came up with this because I wanted the look of hairpin lace without the hairpins. I've never done hairpin lace but it looks very intimidating. But I really love the way it looks. So I thought, hmm, how could I create this look without all that complicated twisting and turning. So I came up with this stitch using a Tunisian crochet hook. But actually you can create this stitch using just a regular crochet hook because we don't actually turn it so it doesn't have to be a double-ended. It can just be a regular old hook. So just keep doing this to the end. And when you get to the end you'll have a bunch of loops that are all fairly the same length. And it doesn't have to be perfect. If your tension's off you can always just rip it back and do them over again. So we're almost to the end. Got one more. Right, so we're here. So now I'm going to kind of unravel it a little bit. You can see you've got all your loops on there. So when you get to that point what we're going to do is we're going to do a reverse pass by yarning over pulling through one loop and then yarning over and drawing through two loops just like we did the reverse pass on the other. But this time it's just very long stitches. And it creates kind of what, similar to like a broomstick lace I suppose. So I'll speed this part up. All right, so here you see we have our lace. And we didn't turn it. What we're going to do for row number five is we're going to actually chain one. We're not turning it either. We're just going to go straight back forward and we're going to single crochet between each of these bars just like we did on the other down here to close off the other ending of the body part. I mean the tube top part. So once you chain one go back through the center of the bars and enclose the top bar with your single crochet. Sorry guys, my brain's melting. It's 100 degrees in Memphis today. And I like to do videos outside because I like the sound of the birds and the lighting is better. The colors of the yarn show up, I don't know. I just like being outside. So we'll speed this up if you got it. Hopefully you got it. This is kind of similar to a full stitch in Tunisian crochet too. Check out when I come out with my video series. I'm going to do a whole series on Tunisian. It's going to be fabulous. So when you reach the end, you're going to go ahead and work into this last space. And we should have 27. What? What did I do? 24, 6, 8, 24, 25. I only have 25. That means I must have messed up somewhere. And I think I see where I did. Oops, frogging it. That's probably because I went too fast. All right, let's see if I fixed it. 26, 27. I fixed it. Yay. Okay. So now that we've done this part, what you're going to do is actually repeat rows two through five three more times. So row two, we start off with the chain three and turn. So it's one, two, three. And then that's where we do the row where we skip two and single crochet to create these holes. And so once you reach that point, we'll come back and we'll start working the mesh. We'll join it together and then work the mesh. Okay, so what I've done here is you want to stop when you do your, you want to work three of them, except for when you get to the end, you want to stop with this row here, which is row two. So I have a total of four rows that have the large chain spaces in them.  This is row number two. So we've got one, two, three, four rows, number two. So once you work this first repeat, you work it one more time, two more times, and then end with row number two, because you want to make the holes be on near the edge of each so it matches. So let's do our join and I'll show you how I joined the two pieces. So we stopped with row two, which is the chain, single crochet, chain two, skip two, single crochet. So what you do is you bring your pieces together and you can see your foundation row has a kind of a strange looking chain and then on this side it's just another chain. So what you want to do to join it, I kind of want this to be on the inside since it doesn't really match like the back part does, even though it's reversible, it's still, it's better for this part to be on the outside. So when I join them, I'm going to join them like this, so that's on the inside. And so what we do to join is we're going to go straight through the edge here and it's going to be just using a slip stitch. So we're going to slip back through and then go through each stitch, try to join through those two like that. And then when you get to the chain spaces, which are right here, you're going to work through the top part of the stitch, not the actual chain space itself, not like this, but through the top part. Oops, I think I lost some of my yarn. I did splitting on me. And so just match up your stitches, make sure they're even so that you don't skip one like I just did. And that's basically what you do all the way down to the end. And so when you reach this side, after you've stitched them all together, you're not going to break your yarn. We're going to start working the mesh pattern for the dress straight off of here. And where this joins is kind of where your seam ends up being, and I'll show you right here. So once you've joined them together, this is where your seam ends up being, but it's fairly seamless. Can't really tell. So let's get to that part. Hi again. So for the sake of the tutorial, I went ahead. I'm going to work into the top part of the dress and I pretty much simulated where we left off. So here, once you join your pieces all the way to the end, go ahead and chain three and then make a single crochet into the first contrasting color, which might be a little difficult to get in there. Ooh, that might be, that's too tight. So I'm going to go right here. So make a single crochet there and then we're going to chain two and single crochet into the next contrasting color, which is right here, and then chain two and single crochet into the next contrasting color and chain two. So I'm going to pause this video and come back when I've completed the round. So when you reach the lace pattern here, you're going to continue just working the single crochet and then chain two, work into the first chain space, single crochet, chain two, then go ahead and work into the next stitch and then work around the bars and then chain two, then work into the next row, top of the next row, and then chain two, oops, and then work into the next row here. Tunisian hooks don't really have a very big groove, so sometimes the yarn slips off and work into the top of the row and do that until you reach the other end. Two, then work around two of the bars, keep slipping off my hook. And I'm getting bit by mosquitoes and it's driving me crazy. It's like, okay, maybe I should take these videos inside. So when you reach this part, you're almost to the end here, chain two and then just join in this chain space here with a slip stitch, utterly distracted by these mosquitoes. There you go. Okay, so for row, the round two, we're going to, after we slip stitch into the chain space, we're going to chain two and then single crochet into the next chain space, which is here. And then that's going to repeat again and join with a slip stitch into the first chain space you created. And that row is going to repeat, you're going to repeat that row about two or three times. And then the next one, I'm going to go ahead and work this with you. It's the kind of the pineapple stitch pattern right here. So you see you've got, these are your three lace rows and then we're going to do a pineapple stitch and then a different kind of mesh here. So once you complete those, those three mesh rows, the first three mesh rows, then we're going to go ahead and do a chain, chain three and then you're going to yarn over and go into the same chain space at the beginning of the row and pull up, yarn over, go into the same chain space and pull up. So you do it for three times total, then you're going to yarn over and pull through all loops on your hook. So it makes a little bobble stitch and then you chain one to close it. And then you're going to work that stitch further into each chain space around like that. So yarn over, insert into the chain space and pull up, chain space and pull up like that and then chain one. Now I know this is a full tutorial but it's really great to go over to the blog and get the pattern printed out. There's a pdf version on Etsy 299, print out that version if it's easier for you to follow along with a written pattern as well. If you don't know how to do written patterns, you should probably learn because it's, you can, the whole world opens up when you learn how to read patterns. It's a lot of fun and then you can actually go ahead and start writing your own and selling them. Hey, what an idea! But the free pattern is also on my blog too but the ad-free version is on Etsy. So either one is great but I recommend printing it out, sitting down and then you can watch the video tutorial and see where I'm going with it because for this tutorial I'm kind of making a general video so that you can get an idea of how to do it. So for the stitch after, the row number five, which comes after this pineapple row, you're going to go ahead and chain three. So we've already chained one but that's our others. We're going to chain three and then we're going to double crochet. This is working in the round actually but I'm turning it for the video tutorial so I can go back through. So you're not actually going to be turning, you're just going to keep working in the round. So you're going to double crochet in the chain space which is here. So you're going to do a double crochet. So what that does when I chained to the three is it kind of makes a little square and then you skip a stitch which would be the pineapple stitch and then chain one. It's actually chain one and then skip a stitch and then do another double crochet in the center of the pineapple stitches. So chain one, skip one and work a double crochet into the pineapple stitches. Chain one, skip the pineapple and then go ahead and work a double into the chain space between the pineapple stitches. So that's the mesh that we create but that's the first row of the new mesh. For the second row of the new mesh we're going to chain three and I'm going to turn it here but in your pattern you won't be turning it because it's just going to be working in the round. So here when we work the row six which is the second of the mesh pattern then you're going to go ahead and chain three and then double crochet into the top of the each double crochet from the previous round. So not not in the chain space but actually in the top two loops of the stitch itself and then you're going to chain one, skip one and work into the top of the double crochet. Some people like to work in the chain space you can do that too. I just kind of liked the way that this pattern looked better with it worked into the top of the stitch. So that will make your actual mesh pattern for the rest of the dress and that's what the rest of the dress is. So you just keep working it around and around and around until you reach your desired length and you can make it knee length or all the way down to your ankles if you'd like. So all right cool we did it. Oh my god we did it yay. So there you've got your Heartland Denali, your double ended Tunisian crochet hook and your contrasting color and I love this cotton prints. So please subscribe to my channel if you haven't already. Share my videos, share my blog. I would love it. I'm looking for more fans obviously but if you have any questions about it please leave a comment on my blog and I'm always happy to answer questions about my patterns and if you notice any mistakes please by all means let me know because we're not perfect right? But I really appreciate you guys. Thanks for watching. Take care and happy crocheting.


And welcome to Descalady Aida. Hey everybody, and welcome to Descalady Aida. We are doing a Saturday evening broadcast as of a Sunday, because tomorrow evening we're booked for some stuff. So we thought we would do a late night check-in tonight, see what's going on on my desk. We've got all sorts of news and updates. I have news and updates. Do you want to give them the news and updates and I'll do the electronics? I do. Here is what we're doing. I have an update. Well, first let me say, what would we do this week? On Tuesday, I think we mentioned that we were going to do some food bank stuff. So we volunteered at Feeding NYC. We have some stuff for our YouTube page and more. If you're interested in FeedingNYC.org, I did turkeys and box demolition. There was 8,500 turkeys, I think, all together. So those goes to all the homeless shelters around New York City. And then on Thursday, before we had some Thanksgiving dinner, Lady Aida and I went to see a team member who was recovering from surgery in the hospital. And this is the basket the team made. Here's Lady Aida outside the place. And here is Roxanne. Roxanne's been with us for almost like 10 years. And we went and visited Roxanne. And our entire team sent their love and well wishes and more. So we did that. And then if you notice on the right-hand side. Trader Joe snacks. Notice on the right-hand side here, we have a PowerBook 180. So archive.org fixed the issue with a Prince floppy. There was a naming issue. So for the folks who tuned in last week, this is fixed. So you can go to archive.org and just search for Prince floppy. And you'll be able to see this disk that we recovered the data off of. And you'll dash had one. And this is when Prince changed the name to the artist formerly known as Prince. And you have this cool symbol on it. There's a tiff, a real neat story behind it and more. So that's the news for this week. And then today, I got a chance to work with the team.  Thank you, everyone. Aida Fruit was pretty quiet for some of the manufacturing. We were still doing lots of stuff. Big rounds of receiving and pallets came in. Puppets there to help. And here's my just got finished shipping, running around selfie. That's mandatory nowadays. So take it away, Aida. What's going on this week? OK, it's this week. We, yeah, it's been, well, a short week and a long week. Short week because, of course, we were closed on Thursday. And yesterday, a lot of people took the day off. That also meant I got some time to release it down and work on some prototypes that I've been meaning to wrap up. So I worked on the ESP32 S2 QT pie. Just go to the overhead and I can show it off. All right, I'm going to get it over overhead mode. So we've got, historically, the SAMD21 version and the RP2040, these are both based off of the Seed Shal pinout. They made this board called the Shal with the SAMD21. And I thought it was really cute, but it was just missing a STEMI QT connector that would let it plug into many sensors and displays and other I2C devices. We just love these little plug-and-play cables that SparkFun came up with. So this is actually kind of interesting. It's like a merging of a Seed board design and a SparkFun standard for I2C sensors. But we see good ideas and we're like, let's use them. That's my policy. So having done a SAMD21, which is good, and then when the RP2040 came out, we made a double-sided version that's nice and powerful with the new RP2040. I thought it'd be cool to make a version with the ESP32 S2, which is the ESP32 chip that has native USB and Wi-Fi.  It's like, you know, Cortex-M0, like dual-core Cortex-M0, like High Speed, Circuit Python, one's really well on this one. And then the ESP32 S2 would make a great board. And then, of course, the S3, when they have chips available, all we spin this design for the S3 as well. So the S2, what I was waiting for is this particular chip, which actually ended up de-soldering from a module, is the ESP32 S2R4N2, or maybe it's the N4R2. It's one or the other. And it's the version that has built-in four megabytes of flash and two megabytes of PSRAM. And you really want that PSRAM, like I designed this board before the PSRAM version chip was available. And I didn't release it because it's like, you know, until you have PSRAM, it's like this chip is not, Circuit Python, it's not that usable. Like you can do some things, but it's really, really hard because the internal memory is only like 300 or 400K or 500K, and that's a lot of RAM.  And so thankfully, there's now this version, like I said, which has, you know, this chip has the flash and RAM into it. It's a package that's bonded inside. So that's really neat. I really like this process. I did that because it means that, you know, I can make this design here, which is double-sided, yes. Because again, I really want to have that semi-QT connector in the two buttons. And then before you know it, there's really no space for a chip on the top. So I'd rather just do double-sided. So there's the ESP32 S2, L402 capacitors and resistors and the crystal and all that stuff. And then you can see this little opened up area. This is where the antenna comes out on the other side through the board to make the antenna launch antenna. And we actually covered this antenna on the great search a few months ago. It's a 2.4 gigahertz mini antenna. We use this on the circuit playground boot fruit. It's a perfectly fine antenna and it works nicely enough. And then on the top, we have a neopixel boot and reset and then a semi-QT connector. So this is actually set up to be a demo with Adafruit IO. Let's see if we can get this demo up and running. So you've got here, you know, an I-squirt C OLED. It's connecting to Adafruit IO and it's writing temperature and humidity data. And then if I go to the computer, I've got here the dashboard that, you know, showing the data being sent. And then if I hit this button, you can see here this, you know, this reacts to the button press. So that's how I know it. It's working nicely. Here any temperature data, transmitting just fine. So this is a good demo because it's like, it's Wi-Fi, it's SSL, you know, it's sending data very quickly. So it's a good test. You know, yeah, the antenna is not super powerful, but I'll show, I have another option for those who want it. So the next thing that we have to do is do the silkscreen design. And Phil B does our silkscreen design. So this is kind of what he came up with. He exports the Gerbers and then draws an illustrator. He has a one minute video that he's done on the process and then he posted this. And the top is sort of standard. It's very similar to the other ones. In the bottom, it's mostly like a game of like, what can you fit where? Oh, this version, because I figured some people might want to run this off the battery, I put a little battery input pads on the bottom. So trying to stick with that, you know, shall pin out, but not, but still add more capability. And then we chatted and we were like, okay, let's just change the Adafruit logo a little bit.  And what's interesting about this design is I'm going with a four layer design, which I've never done before. Usually I would do a two layer. And if I'm using something like a module, like an ESP32 module, I will do a four two layer design because the module itself has a ground plane. But because I'm using the chip here, and the prototype is a two layer, but because it's a chip and there's no, you know, the ground plane is really cut up by all the components. Like even if you have ground on both sides, it's never quite enough. And you know, there's not a lot of capacitance on the board because it can only fit like two or three big caps on the 3.3 volt line. And you really need a lot of capacitance to deal with the wifi signal. I actually designed this as a four layer board. And I try not to do four layer boards because they're more expensive and they take longer. They're just more risk with them, but this board is really small. So I don't think the cost is gonna be very much. And I don't think it's gonna increase the time it's gonna take to make PCBs. Like maybe I'll take a week instead of three days or whatever, which is still fine. And I think it's worth it because again, it's a chip, not a module. And the module has its own ground plane and the chip of course is just a chip. So you have to provide your own. So layer two is ground, layer three is 3.3 volts and I have signal on top and bottom. And there's still a little bit of a, you know, ground plane, but, you know, as much as possible I punch through into the, into the inner layer. So it's gonna be really exciting because I've never done a four layer board order, but like, I think this is a good one to deal with. All right. Any, any questions? No, I would just say that folks were wondering how the double sided would be. So quite dense. And then Lisa did the new cutie pie.   I mean, it's a very small connector, but it's, it's large compared to a lot of components. So it's double sided, but you know, I find that you first off, you could always, you know, have a cut out if you're doing cast-related pads, but a lot of people aren't using the cast-related pads to be honest. A lot of people are, they're happy to solder it in with headers. And of course there's header pads. So the only thing is, you know, yeah, the antenna is kind of small. So I made an alternate version. Let's go back to the overhead. Sure. And this version has a UFL connector. And so we stock in the shop, these little UFL to Wi-Fi antenna thingies. And let's see if I can unplug this. I have other questions. Yeah, go for questions. Okay, I can do this one. Does this have to be FCC certified? No, because it's a prototyping board, but if you need to use it in something, you should make sure you work with an expert who will talk to you about certification. Yes, if you put in a product, you have to certify it. This is a development board. I probably will try to get this FCC certified eventually, but it's not going to be cashed. We do have some certifications. You can look at some of our boards. Next up, how much, if any, do you use auto-router? I'd not use the auto-router for this. I always, I always wear it by hand. I don't even know if there's an auto-router in Eaglecat anymore anyways. I don't know either. Yeah. You got anything else? I'm now focusing on the lucky board. Okay, great. What's next? Okay, so just showing, if we go to the overhead, sorry, the computer, I can show that, you know, with the antenna, I can see, if it's the local, I'll move this to the side. You know, I'm getting, you know, 50, negative 50, the smaller the number, sorry, the larger the number, negative, the better. And so, you know, in my spectrum, Wi-Fi, I think that's our local Wi-Fi hotspot. That's 55. This is pretty good, you know. I think, you know, if you always use a bigger antenna if you really want better signal, but I think this is okay. And I get, I think also, again, when I update this to be a four layer, that might help a little bit too. But, you know, I can always revise it. So I'm gonna send out these PCBs, but I thought I would do the great search because I thought, actually, people won't be interested in your cell characters. All right, the great search brought to you by DigiKin. Every single week, lady, it uses all of her powers of engineering to show you how to search for things on digikey.com. Think of Digikey. What is the great search this week, Lady Aida? Okay, so this week, we're doing a UFL connector. So let's go to the overhead real fast and I'll show it off because it's small. So for this design, you know, I have a version that has a little mini 2.4 gigahertz antenna and it's a very small antenna. And it's, you know, it's okay. Like these are really cute little antennas from Johansson. But if you want a bigger antenna, you can always go with the UFL connector. Now, there's not space for both, but I can make two versions of the board one of each. So this version has a UFL connector.  So these are a standard connector type. This is what the bottom looks like. And then on the top, it's got this little ring and inside is the center. And these are really good for, I think up to six gigahertz. They're extremely small. They're extremely common. They're good for like, maybe like 50, up to 50, like 10 to 50 reconnections. Now you're not meant to like unplug and plug them, but you can do like 50 reconnects with them. And then you can get, like this is a little antenna that has a UFL connector already on it. There's also UFL to SMA connectors. Maybe I'll try to find this as well. But these are really common and they're well understood. Like when you see these people like, oh, I know what that is. That's an ORF connector. So you'll see these a lot on dev boards. We use them a lot on dev boards, but you'll also see them on other dev boards. And also sometimes you'll see modules that have UFL connectors. That said, they don't have strain relief.  There's really, these parts you can snap the antenna in and it is a little bit, you know, it's a little bit solid and it can twist, but they pop out pretty easily too.  So let's go to, I'll show you, there's a lot of options available. So yeah, they're called UFL. So small UFL connector and they're going to be under RF connectors. Oh, you know what? I think you have to do U.FL. That's the technical name for them. I, again, I usually leave the dot out, but usually you normally would. So you can see there's connectors and cable assemblies. Let's just check out cable assemblies really fast. You can see, you know, you can get UFL to like anything adapters. So that's another thing. Oftentimes you don't have space for like MMCX or SMA or whatever, but you can get, you know, connectors of adapters of all sorts. So you see these are very standard. You see pigtails. You can connect your own things, UFL to UFL. So quite nice. I guess they're sometimes called UMCC as well. That's another name for them. So if you do want to make it, get an adapter, check out here and then you can pick, you know, BNC, you know, if you want for the other side. Okay, great. So that said, back at connectors, we can see that, you know, these are actually kind of like immediately it pops up. So I don't think this is, yeah, I guess this is a through-hole version, which I've never seen before, but you want, you know, UFL series. So let's look for active, you know, UFL. These all look fine.  I will say, oh, something changed for the GQ search, by the way. If you select things now, it will, if it's not, if it changes what's available, you'll see like, because I selected through-hole, a lot of the options are no longer available. So it shows you what else got filtered out. This is new because this wasn't here like last week because I use the GQ search like every week, but it is nice to see like, without having to filter, you can quickly see like, what are you gonna lose out of? So if you have multiple things that you're searching for, that can help. So let's do the surface mount and yeah, lots of options. So, you know, you can sort by price. These are, you know, their pennies pretty much. The first one that came up that looked fine to me was this from TE activity. They make good connectors. They have, you know, 150,000 in stock. So you don't have to worry about not being able to get these, not affected by a silicon shortage, but there are also other vendors available. The only thing I'll make a note of, the last thing to mention with UFL connectors before we get back to questions is there isn't a photo of the bottom, but let me see. I think we took a photo of the bottom. No, we didn't. So on the bottom, there's two contacts, but only one of them actually feeds through. And just remember when you do your footprint for that to make sure you don't accidentally get the part rotated because it looks like it's symmetric, but it's actually not. On the bottom, there's only one pad that feeds into the antenna input. And if you get that wrong, as I have before, you have to rework all your boards because the antenna isn't going in. So if you do use these, one of the tests you might wanna do is when you're doing the assembly test because it's again, visually you can't tell that it's wrong. Have someone plug in an antenna and check the RSSI, the signal strength to make sure that they didn't flip it around 180. That's a tip for you from someone who's made this mistake before. I am. Yeah. All right, and the... That's a great search. Let's do questions. So let me roll the outro. All right, so here's some questions. Will this support, this is a board you showed before, BLE and CircuitPython and Arduino? This will support Arduino and CircuitPython and it does already. It doesn't have BLE because the chip doesn't have BLE but the S3 chip, which is like slowly coming out, might be a drop-in replacement. So when that's available and it has PSRAM, that does have BLE support. Okay, I'm talking about, it says, yay. You fell on Aid Fruit Board. I really liked a particle feather boards for my longer range Wi-Fi Bluetooth stuff because of the external antenna capabilities. Yes, exactly. And then next up, what's the nominal range for the non-UFL? It's hard to tell because it depends on what's on the other side but I think it should still be like at least 50 feet from the access point. I mean, I have to compare it with the other, the feather with a built-in antenna to check the RSSI, which it's affected by a lot of things. But this thing doesn't seem too bad. It seems about what I would get with maybe it's half as much as a PCB trace end. But it's much, much smaller, right? That's the thing, very small antenna. Okay. And I think that is going to be it. Okay. All right, great. We got to do everything. All right, we'll have a quick- Oh, right before the finish line. Any idea of the power drawn deep sleep? It's gonna be about 100 microamps, which is kind of what the ESP32 S2 does in sleep. It's 70, 80, 100. One more question. You know what, I have to remember, we're supposed to do things like tell people like to buy stuff. Oh yeah. What's a- It's a sale. Well, you know, if they want to. How's the NRF 52, 840 availability going forward? Do you know? I mean, Nordic only has one job and that's to make sure that there's NRF 52, 840s. I know that their chips are used in like Apple AirTags and watches and stuff. So there is, there's a lot of demand but I think it seems to be okay. Like we've been able to get NRF 52, 840s. It's the, it's SAMDs and STMs that are like really challenging right now. All right. And then any plans for a tricolor mag tag? Can I use a three color screen on mine? Yeah, you can swap it out. Yeah, you can swap it out. We don't have a plan. We don't have a plan, but the reason why, it's a good reason, it takes a lot longer to refresh tricolor and so your battery is on the entire time and we didn't want to, we thought it would reduce the lifetime because people want to have it on for a long time. So we decided to go with grayscale because it refreshes in like a second. Yeah. Okay. Reasons. I think that is it. Okay, great. Oh, someone said, what's the voice behind the camera? That's me. It's us. Hello. That's the voice behind the camera. Okay. That's the first one I'm gonna, also the person who did the shipping today.  That's my job. That's the desk of Lady Aida. We'll be here all week during the week. We've got shows on, I think, starting back up on. We have Wednesday. For sure, Wednesday is show and tell and ask an engineer and then Thursday, no, and Pedro, I believe we're back and then. I think Scott's back too. Scott's back and then also JP I think is back towards the end of the week.  So have a happy, safe, rest holiday and thank you everyone. Oh, can you go to Adafruit.com? Lamar, I gotta remember. Yeah. Whoops. So we have a sale going on right now and basically it's fun to put stuff in your cart because you can get free stuff. Now we only have a few more pink feathers left. So do you wanna go to slash free? Adafruit.com slash free. Hold on, there's so much stuff going on. Yeah, that's free. Okay. So you get a pink feather. But we're running out. We're running out like this. We were only going to go for Friday and we had enough to kind of get us through Saturday. I have more PCBs in order but it's like they're taking forever to get you. So we're gonna give away a black feather. Black feather. Like a crow. Go to Adafruit.com and check out the sale. Use the code ADATY, thank you.  Except gift certificates. Except gift certificates and whatever things. And software. Well, of course, that's, you know. But pretty much everything, like 99.9% of it. And we don't do back orders. So anything you order will arrive. We actually have it. We do not take back orders. If it says it's in stock, it is literally in stock. Like it's on a shelf in New York City. All right, thank you so much, Jess. So I'm gonna put a funny man behind the curtain. Wizard of Oz saying yeah, maybe it's the one. There is a green screen, so yeah. There is a green screen. This is the Emerald City. All right, well thank you everybody. We'll see everybody next week. That is Dessalateda. Bye everybody.


Hey Marines, Sergeant Alex Smith here. Marine veteran Rob Jones is running 31 marathons in 31 days in 31 cities. Crazy, I know. Jones is a sergeant in the Marine Corps from 2007 to 2011. He was injured during an area clearing operation while serving as a combat engineer in Afghanistan in 2010. His mission during this month of marathons is to show that wounded veterans can stay in the fight. I come to know that just because a veteran comes back wounded psychologically, physically, and they may be struggling, that doesn't mean that they're broken or they're incapable of staying in the fight, staying in the Marine Corps fight and the America's fight and still contributing to society. You can find all of the information on Jones' journey on Twitter at Rob Jones' journey. And that's your Marine Minute.


Five ways to break a narcissist's heart breaking a narcissist's heart It's very different to break in a normal person's heart Narcissists are affected by different things to break their heart You must understand how their mind works They don't really care about love or intimacy They're more concerned with power and control And a threat to their power and control will break their heart one Validate yourself The narcissist wants to invalidate you They want to put you down They want you to feel bad about yourself So they will insult you They will give you backhanded compliments They will invalidate you Until you begin to invalidate yourself Until you begin to believe that you are unlovable They will target your self-esteem Because it gives them the ability to control you It prepares you to obey them unquestionably Because you feel less important As though you're there supporting it, which is why you must accept yourself You must have confidence in your qualities and abilities You must recognize your suffering and misfortune Instead of always putting the narcissist's needs first Trust your intuition And then you will no longer be under their spell You will be able to stop them from manipulating you If you don't value yourself Other people will determine your value for you Slow it down Narcissists want things to move fast They will do anything to be with you They will want to move in with you They will start talking about marriage and having children And you may only have known them for a few weeks But they may act charming And you may feel flattered that they want to be with you Because they will lavish you with praise and compliments But you need to slow it down You need to recognize that they are doing it insincerely And with the aim of furthering their own interests 3.  Don't accept blame The narcissist will try to hold you responsible for their problems They will blame you for everything But you need to recognize your innocence Because you didn't know their intentions You didn't know what they were trying to do They kept you in the dark You were uninformed They deceived you so that they could gain power So don't doubt yourself Remind yourself of your innocence Thank you for watching I hope this video wears in it with you Please like, comment, share and subscribe If you would like to donate My paypal link is in the video description Coaching inquiries You can email me and coaching at naksafiver.uk Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon


Imagine that there was a child playing in the middle of the street and you saw a car coming and you noticed that the driver was Distracted and it was quite obvious to you that there would be a very tragic collision just about to take place You wouldn't say excuse me Can you can you consider maybe that the road isn't somewhere you should be standing right now or excuse me? Maybe you might want to play somewhere else. No, there would be this Urgency your heart would race your adrenaline would pulse through your body and you would run out into the street waving your hands out of love and Concern and care and compassion and there would be this urgency to your crying get out of the street A car is coming get out of the street. You're going to be hurt and is with that same urgency We must declare the gospel. It's with that same urgency. We must shine the light in dark places


That's dehydrated your where's your whiskey?  Yes Today a new trailer dropped just last I think it was just yesterday I think it was late for us actually. I think so it was I could be wrong It's merry Technically, it's Christmas by the time you're gonna see this for you India This is Christmas the merry Christmas to any of you who are actually celebrating Christmas It's Christmas Eve here currently but This is a new promise trailer promise from what we've seen in is Bach Bali And big big massive star. This is Radhe Simon shaman Shame you can't organize it. I'll take it shaman shaman. Yeah, shayam shayam Say it right. Hey shy Shine Prabhas and Pooja Hedge directed by Radhe Krishna Kumar Comes out apparently January of this next coming month of the 14th. I'm assuming I don't know for sure But I think Prabhas usually does like big big action films big Understanding we could be wrong because I've seen but I don't know if that's what this is But I just know that's usually what he does. I don't know anything about this trailer But let's just figure it out and Then we will figure it out Let's figure it out. We'll figure it out. All right, three two one So If you ask me My destiny is to get married I love you Aditya Don't I just want Flatation ship Flatation ship? Yeah Do you think you're Romeo? No, I don't fall in love This love won't happen to me But I'm Juliet. If you fall in love with me, you will die Everything is very pretty 97 looks gorgeous 97 made out Who is this good-looking bad fellow? The great Vikram Aditya Vikram Aditya? I call him the Einstein of palmistry They say he looks ahead from time John Lennon took your autograph This is a joke Like all the great leaders of the universe want to meet From the beginning to the end What will happen? Everything has increased You have increased the whole world Now you can see how much I can increase But I'm seeing the first time I see Tara in the palmistry I've witnessed a miracle Ever since you've started to meet me I believe in every miracle You're in love with me To get that love You will have to fight with that love Forget what we said about big action That was full-on It looks like a love story They capture it Sure does But it looks massive I'm assuming there's probably going to be like Obviously there's some action scene Like a big old boat And all that kind of stuff But it looks like this is going to be a... Sorry, Leland's getting changed Predominantly a love story between these two Because they kept bringing that up a bunch Yeah Production design, lighting The whole works and cinematography Looks absolutely gorgeous I guess it remains to be seen as the story And the acting compelling If it's as compelling as what the visuals look like I was impressed That looked really good It looked like Maybe La La Land When musicals, they're really pretty All the sets and all that kind of stuff Everything's not like Sanjay Lube and Sally In terms of hyper stylized Everything's really beautiful But it looks like a massive production Maybe it's like a... It says it's a romantic drama set in Europe In the 1970s Yeah, well it looked Obviously it looked like a period piece And it did, there were some shots That were reminiscent of the visual beauty And some of them were picturesque moments In La La Land as well as The ocean sequences looked as good And this is a high compliment As the storm sequence in Life of Pi Oh, yeah Yeah, so Which just remains to be seen Acting in the story Yeah, and I don't know if he often does Because a lot of people say like certain stars I don't know if he's one of them You guys can tell me Like they do movies for their fans And so like the people that appreciate these Are their fans Some people said that about Pushpa And so like it was a film That was made for his fans And so those are people that would have Appreciated that film So I don't know if he's one of those Actors or if he likes to branch out So obviously we've only ever seen The two Bahubali's And the only thing I remember coming out Was Saho, that big action film That he came out with I think it was last year But other than that I don't know what type of Actor he is I don't know if he's He's just a big old star I'm sure his fans will say He's the greatest actor of all time I can't We've only ever seen him in Bahubali So I don't know That's not something I've heard But that often happens Whoever your favorite actor is All their fans are like He's the most complete actor He's the best actor of all time I think we've heard about every single actor Because they have such passionate fan bases And I know Prabha Is one of the biggest stars In India easily So it's Such a strange thing to me It seems like so often There's this Gravitation toward One actor above all other actors No matter what and no one can compare to them Versus accepting the greatness in anybody That you could like My favorite actors in the male and female category As far as their technical mastery Everybody knows for me is Daniel Day-Lewis and Meryl Streep But that doesn't mean That if someone told me that they think That Anthony Hopkins for them Is the best actor they enjoy the most And they're like his craft Or if someone said they're like Cate Blanchett I don't become argumentative And say you're an idiot because Daniel Day-Lewis I don't understand that kindergarten Sandbox mentality about your movie stars I'll never get it Yeah It's But there are massive In India obviously Their passion for their stars And their films is such A level than anything we experience Here Because there's people that like They just love Dwayne The Rock Johnson Or they love whomever But it's never at the height of how Any of the stars in India are treated They're They have such a Passion for their person Not all obviously not all Indians I'm not saying that but there's a Large group who are like this is their Actor and so like that's why we get accused Of we think Ren Veer is the greatest thing Of all time Even though I've said multiple times He's not in my top five actors in India I think he's a fantastic Actor But they see it as black and white We only like Ren Veer and we Hate everyone else That's not how it works I think it's because so many of them Find it difficult themselves To appreciate others And people just get in these camps Of I like The North Indian films I like the South Indian films I like the melodramas As it pertains to this movie I'm interested This trailer I think the beauty Of the shots was definitely What I was probably the most interested It's absolutely gorgeous So hopefully the film is good Let us know There's a film of province that we should watch Obviously it's the only one we've seen And what else we need to know Down below