Good afternoon everyone and it's always a pleasure connecting with Dr. Hari Shetty and Justice Roshan Dalvi, a former judge of Bombay High Court. Both have come on our platform and they've always shared our knowledge which is always well received and when we talk about as in when especially when the pandemic etc come across we talk of mental strength and mental health also. So that mental health would always be a peri-materia for the purposes of all aspects and it has its wide spectrum of aspects to be covered and I request Justice Roshan Dalvi to just give an introduction because we will be carrying this session not this session this into two parts today is on the mental health approach the sort skills and the next part would be sort skills and a legal perspective. Justice Roshan Dalvi and Dr. Hari Shetty as such do not require any introduction because they have created their niche worldwide because of the way they share their knowledge. Over to you Justice Roshan Dalvi. Good evening friends and good evening Dr. Shetty. It's nice to do something co-curricular all along I've been going into the curriculum of lawyers and judges. So it's very good today that we are going to do something and hear someone which relates to us but from outside so it's an outsider's perspective we are going to have. Now always we talk about IQ that is the intelligence quotient and lawyers and judges have a very high IQ but what about EQ we also have KQ the knowledge quotient but we may be low on EQ and as someone has said winners are ordinary people with extraordinary heart and Dr. Shetty shows us how to show that. I would say in one word you can smile smile all the way it is the longest word in the English language smiles because there is a mile in between the two s's but Dr. Shetty would tell us how we can really do our crisis management when we have stress how we can take care of our health how we can put our family into our business lives improve our confidence and accordingly our self esteem and all that makes up the emotional energy quotient. He would call it the emotional energy bank so we are going to have to deposit a lot of his knowledge into our bank account. So Dr. Shetty there's no point my going on talking about things I don't know with rather you're from you because you know all you have to unmute yourself Dr. I would like to have the screen sharing also I thank you a lot for introducing me and introducing the subject so beautifully honorable justice Roshan ji and we are very grateful to madam for getting this topic on this platform and she had a long chat with me the other day and said you should do soft skills and I will do legal skills later and thank you for this opportunity and I'm so grateful to you. Let me say that all you guys here are basically very wise with a lot of wisdom across time and a lot of experience through a million interactions you've had inside the court premises inside different professional premises and also inside your family etc. Before I start I pay obeisance to two great people Rishi Patanjali and Rishi Gautam Buddha why you ask me why well for the world they are philosophers but for us people in science they are scientists Patanjali gave us yoga and Gautam Buddha gave us Vipassana and both extremely important mindful people reach to the top unmindful people sit and complain in the drawing rooms in the 40s that there's all politics involved and they become so cynical and they become blamers that their growth is halted those who are mindful as ma'am said beautifully they rise with the big hearts and a bountiful of knowledge. My dear friends the RNA virus also has reminded you and me and all of us that equanimity is alignment of self with the cosmos you might call it god cosmos whatever and Samanta as Lord Buddha said emotional regulation as psychologists and psychiatrists always would say is the key for us to share whatever we have to apologize as and we can to learn from brothers and sisters and and and fellow colleagues and also keep our antennas open so that we do not miss any insight from the cosmos and equanimity is the most important tool which we need to develop across time so alignment of mind and body is mental health alignment of the self cosmos is equanimity so ultimately man is a bundle of thoughts feelings sensations and behavior and let me tell you dear friends though in in in 2019 December the minister of health said in India one out of seven Indians are mentally 20 crore Indians are mentally 200 million but why rain has not changed the size shape color weight volume texture function but environment has changed and that's why things are getting worse and the first rule for all lawyers doctors professionals are let us not lock our mind today when we lose the case today when the opposite lawyer seeks for adjournment and lose our we lose our patience and we explode let that explosion not be inside if you share you will not explode but if you hold it back you're going to explode on somebody else or you will or we will explode at places where we should not so remember this mantra if people here are interested in tattooing let them tattoo the sentence lock mines or time bombs diffuse it early lest it explodes inside us at two minutes about the pandemic because pandemics are the great impact on us and let me tell us tell you the six differences between any disaster and a pandemic well when i worked at latur after the after the cyclone mumbai after the floods and gizrat after the rides we were all told and this time this disaster this pandemic is all about science it's about m RNA virus RNA virus and which is why people of science told us that mosques temples and churches need to be closed that's one difference not fatalism but science the second most important difference is in an earthquake the impact phase is just a few seconds in in in in other places for example a flood or a cyclone you may have a long impact phase continuously for a few days to a few weeks but in the covid we had an impact phase of more than 24 months 22 24 months huge numbers have died lot to 8000 plus people have died and cyclone 3000 plus people have died in in in the in the riots in Delhi again a few few thousand but here it's it's more than four lakhs in india the next important difference is the isolation we could not really take care of a loud ones we could not escort them to the loose we could not feed them we could not be with them invisibility of the virus the virus is invisible this is an enemy which is invisible and covid terrorists are those who sold everything in black and made a big buck so there's the three six important differences the last slide on on on covid is most of the time when somebody dies in a building you see empathy all around when somebody dies in a family you see empathy all around but when too many people died there is empathy because the mind shuts down the fear is so much that you're not able to empathize with people around the fear really causes numbness and it is seen across disasters when there has been a pandemic if you read the book by Chinmai Tumbe of the last pandemic you'll see that during the last pandemic in the country after the death people were auctioning their things and there was no place for empathy no space for any compassion to the family there was no times apathy is also a part of this entire process apart from empathy in a pandemic you see apathy and that can change us and that can really really really changes and we have to be very alert antipathy also my father i will not allow him to go to the hospital to see a sister who is recovered from the pandemic but now is still unconscious because i'm worried about my father because if something happens to him i will be upset a brother will fire his sister who's recovering in a jumbo because he believes that she got the covid with which parents passed away because she had gone to work so covid has divided families covid also has divided communities and this is something very important and so in the covid pandemic apathy empathy and antipathy existed together so what are the metaphorical learnings from the virus just as virus mutates for the best worst human behavior has to mutate for the best in fact a lot of doctors have become more compassionate a lot of senior doctors who are very stoic and who would not say hello to their patients in the lift have started being very humble and very caring because one little virus has taught them and taught all of us that we are temporary travelers on the earth and a lot of senior advocates i'm told also say hello to the juniors not only in the bar but even on the street a lot of advocates who really belong to big companies are able to smile a little more during covid and that is what i hear i do not know but i'm sure that human beings are mutating for the best knowing fully well that in this short journey compassion humility and wisdom has to go together and as i say this let's look at what makes a human being mentally able to regulate his feelings experience samanta as Bhagawan Buddha said in Pali hear the different word experience equanimity as we speak in english and do all the mindful exercises across the globe in every college is patented but Buddha gave vipassana free of cost across the entire world Patanjali gave his yoga free of cost to the entire world for the first step is awareness of feelings if you have to if you have to break your complexes if you have to feel equal in spite of the hierarchy if you have to feel equal as human beings in spite of what you have earned laurels or money awareness of feelings is the most important and if you are able to manage anger you're able to manage everything anger is the artifact of the 21st century whether it's an aeroplane where people rush to the cockpit because the plane did not really land at the right time and the pilot was very scared because the center of gravity of the plane is disturbed or as we rush to any office and shout and scream because because globalization has increased the disconnection decrease the connection and even people when they die we only know on the on the notice board number of people attending funerals have gone down anger on the streets is very well known people kill each other when there's something happening between two vehicles so anger personally is a normal emotion absolutely normal aggression is an abnormal state humiliation is an abnormal state irritability is anger in motion and then people come and say I can't hold my anger I said it couldn't be your trait it could be your imitating because in him Indian families they say really this match your images is reinforced by by mothers and for but anger is normal my dear friends but there are some people who say let me tell you that medical bills are very high because they they are not aware of what is happening inside and and feelings undergo chemical reactions if you're not aware of your anger it becomes resentment resentment I can't stand him I can't stand I saw him in court number 43 in the high court and I really can't stand it I don't know I I don't know I have no reason but I really can't stand him behind a behavior is a story and behind a story there are many stories awareness of anger should it should not get converted into resentment if you block your resentment it gets converted into hostility I will do whatever but I'll get this guy bailed I'll do whatever but I'll get this guy bailed whatever is a very loaded word hostility can get converted into rage so anger can follow anger resentment hostility hate and rage and when when we say that and when we actually say that awareness of all feelings are important let me tell you first is the awareness of feelings identify the feeling acknowledge the feeling accept the feeling experience the feeling and largely exhaust the feeling I was very angry at my wife but I did not hold it for a long time Indian husbands have a very beautiful method they don't talk to their wife for a long time she should understand how do you feel the virus has taught us finish it on that day yeah I'm angry at you why because in front of everybody I'm a big lawyer but in front of everybody you said something which I really really was hurt and when you share your feelings with your loved ones don't convert it into adjectives I felt sad that you are angry and you express things which I did not like you can't say I don't like you as a wife you're a useless wife adjectives adjectives disconnect feelings connect I'm so angry with you my son with all the facilities I give you you're really not done well I'm so angry with you anger sharing anger is a beautiful beautiful thing I'm so jealous of you my boy we both started our practice at the same time but so beautiful feelings connect adjectives disconnect sarcasm breaks a relationship if you have traveled the third class second class compartment of of of the of Indian railways in a suburban train or any train you'll find people coming back from their offices abusing their bosses they won't go anywhere you feel you find people down in the canteen in the courts talking unsavory things about each other and and even their their senior these guys don't go well well well well black humor occasionally is okay but when I lose a patient to suicide my dear lawyers we sit down and have a death conference we sit down and really look at every possibility where we could have saved the patient we sit down and introspect did we say something different did we change a drug did he stop counseling did he actually stop stop follow up did we phone him up because he or she stopped his follow-up so that we we look at him whether he's okay or not we do a death conference and every time one fails it's it's very therapeutic to blame you feel nice for some time temporarily I work very very closely with the law enforcing agencies people are talking about and this and I would also say that about my senior doctors when I was younger I would say he doesn't look at me doesn't talk to me when I call him he finishes me in three minutes but when somebody else calls him he takes 10 minutes me I also feel they're all proficient but slowly understood slowly understood and I understood more during the pandemic that you have to continue doing your job things happen automatically and the and and and the and the providence conspires at some point of time you can't fail but the point is are we able to manage our anger and that is so important and then this is a beautiful sentence which I came to me one of the days when I was brushing my teeth you know the best sentences the best thoughts come when you brush your teeth or you're walking up and down casual conversations also give you a lot of insight for me a casual conversation with a sitting judge or a retired judge with madame revoshenji also so often lectures you learn but casual chats and you learn so much but then if you do not handle your anger all of us have a hate list when when I say all of us have at least many people object they say it not strong statement don't say hate me I'm I'm I do not like this fellow I do not like that fellow you know what I always tell people that we can never choose our parents and our colleagues and our benches you can't you can only choose your in-laws and even change them if necessary providence brings them next to you they sit there next to you because it's all destiny kind of ever it's all prarabda and what is very important is you may not like your fellow judge you may not like your fellow lawyer you may not like your secretary of your bar association but respect is more important than liking respect means accept him exactly as he is providence has brought him next to me he's arguing on the other side he has a long experience my hands are shaking feeling a long experience my hands are shaking he may have a long experience but I will do my nishka and karma I will put across the facts as I believe and as I like and that gives you the strength when you see 20 advo lawyers with all the entire battery on the court I've seen that I've attended so many hearings and you see alone battling this battle with 20 don't worry at all ultimately what we decide is what you what you do what the work you did previous night and across night and do it with absolute equanimity do it as if you're doing something at your best intense hate anywhere interferes with love everywhere you can't hate your in-laws and love your spouse you can't hate your principal school principal or class teacher expect you to learn the subject doesn't happen you can't really hate your boss in your law firm so intensely and be able to work this passionately no it doesn't happen at all intense hate anywhere interferes with love everywhere and this is a very important point for doctors lawyers and everybody and this you can work on yourself you don't need a psychiatrist or a cyclist really work on this you know my dear friends how does that help my dear friends amygdala body was a small part of the brain the blue blue there which was very useful during the stone age when we were warriors eating berries and fruits and hunting hunting animals and we were prepared with the bows and arrows and spears and that was necessary to save us from death it was fight flight freeze of fright fight freeze fright of light amygdala had come down we learned to converse we started using our prefrontal cortex move fat logon go we shadi mini bull attire move fat logon go quick party mini bull attire and i see so many learned lawyers brilliant but they can't hold their anger they break relationships they break friendships because they're not able to tame their amygdala it right they're not aware of their prefrontal cortex and they get emotionally hijacked and a person listens to all the salt cannot forgive this person though he has been good for 15 years and so many wise people are rotting in their drawing rooms because they have become move fat cynical and wanting to win an argument but not wanting to win the battle of life so be careful and if you read about emotional hijacking my dear friends read about it yoga vipassana sudarshan kriya shambhavi mahambudra tasbhi rosary and ability to regulate your feelings will shift you to the prefrontal cortex and it will not utter things which will really cause a lot of damage to you and to everybody around indians are good at jugal bandi americans are good at the orchestra they can get work done from different people and they can organize the team and executive that's why they're there they're none they're nasa satelettes land on the mass because they can manage a team they do not bother what language you have you have these expertise and they can build the orchestra indians were good at jugal bandi but slowly we are getting good at the orchestra also so prefrontal cortex remember one thing please read about emotional hijacking and do whatever you like to attain equanimity and that is so important sadness is a positive emotion depression is the negative state the day when we lose our patient we are very sad the worst day for a psychiatrist and a psychologist when their own clients own patients commit suicide we are very scared we go home we share with our family that we lost the patient we feel the sadness we don't block the sadness i still remember a hard doctor not being able to sad share bad news doctors many many doctors not all but large number of good doctors are able to share bad news but sharing bad news is very difficult when you when you when you succeed in a case the the doctor is in front of the patient but when the patient dies most of the times it's left to the assistant and and i still remember this entire episode of abdul kalam when the rocket fell into the sea abdul kalam's senior i forget his name took the press conference and the next rocket when it really went the way it was expected to his senior said abdul kalam you should take the press conference well accept that you have failed or you have lost and don't block your emotions i understand the legal i learned one thing from the legal profession even after you lose you sit down in the in the in your room and have tea together fantastic i mean that's one of the most beautiful things i have learned from the legal profession but sometimes you go home you don't know what to do and at that time you need a safe space and a safe net and express sadness as it is but sadness is a very important emotion apart from yoga vipassana empathy comes also from sadness sadness is the flower pot empathy is the growing plant and that is so so important very common very common emotion well this this this is not the right picture for the for this for this emotion the right picture would be two professionals two two doctors with with two two two hospitals staring at each other very common when when very very common i still remember when i really lost an interview as a consultant in the hospital and i wrote the application for my friend he was not interested in appearing for this entire interview i wrote his application i forced him to come for the interview and he got the job sometimes it's not in our hands you might you might try your best there are there are there are two apples and three applicants there's one case and and two lawyers there's there's there's the two hospitals one small one big you can't at the end of the day you know that you'll win few and use and i'm sure that a lot of senior advocates here who have experienced for a lot of i mean for long long innings exactly know how to how to really manage envy and jealousy i saw some names whom i know and and they exactly know how to really and and a lot of a lot of bar association meetings should focus on on how you feel during during during different times so self-esteem self-reliance and seeking help are are actually related and the most important learning i have learned is if you have to manage your complexes antennas the fula rena chaye in schools you don't learn all this schools we say he's a bad teacher he's a good teacher i don't like this teacher and you close your antenna completely and i tell all school students and teachers also when i take workshops i told them anybody on this earth can really teach you so many things if your antennas are open i want my maximum mental health from my patients illiterate patients teach you the most because there's no there's no sensor they process emotions without cognitive self but when they're feeling as well as with the brain once a patient said dr. shetty but i your pahalwani ka umar hota nikal gayi to gayi and once the mother said the doctor saab hu pyaar kya hai jise pada hi ka tya karna pade mere beti ko samja ho so so keeping your antennas open and alert which means accepting people exactly as they are you have to mind gold from every conversation to break your complexes ultimately the corona virus has taught us that we are just a small speck in this entire cosmos and honorable justice raghuram says it beautifully in the national judicial academy he shows a he shows a video for that that that earth also is a very small speck in the entire universe of our universe and when you think about that you're able to respect people around as i said respect is more important than love i repeat that sentence we can choose our parents and we can we cannot we can never choose our parents nor our neighbors or or even our our colleagues or the bench mind gold from every conversation reflect in your mind and always after after i write an article i next day i feel i should have written this i should have written that and that is what i learned after a lecture always i don't know this point reflection automatically i learn from everybody around me my son once said dr dr daddy you don't crack so many jokes and they will they will miss the substance and they will remember the jokes and he was only 12 simplest minds are the most profound your children who are very small they're simple but the simplest minds are the most profound they can come up with something beautiful kill shame and seek help when people kill shame and seek help there are less suicides when you kill shame and seek help you learn a lot when you kill shame and seek help in our profession there's something known as the second opinion but we have converted into a shared opinion a 60 year old psychiatrist or 50 year old psychiatrist can throw a case to a 28 year old young psychiatrist who can review the case again and come up with something which you've never thought which you can never thought so so important to kill shame and so this complexities which which which are very important can grow because of so many other reasons number one also if you have very bad stories of childhood you have been criticized completely might be a great perspective based professional but when you come on the stage you forget everything excessive criticism has has numbed your your your state of mind but has not killed the wisdom and perspective learning resilience and fragility can go hand in hand you might be extremely resilient in the morning extremely fragile in the evening you can be extremely extremely resilient in a in a courtroom but very fragile when you argue with the rickshaw on the road growth is not equal in all areas of life so it's so important to to really kill shame I don't know what I'm doing my wife asked in the morning I want you to I want to see to it that I have too too too cash you should give it to an agency which could need it and I have to think and said yes I will ask somebody and do it I don't know there are so many things I don't know and when you remember that there are so many things I don't know I think the the most important thing is kill shame seek help evolution starts from above and the courtroom is one of the most democratic forums with the judges sitting with the books open and asking the asking the lawyers do you have any any any citations any case reports that does not happen in the medical school and this is one of the most important things I've learned in a courtroom books are open the top judge from the from the city opens and says I I see this dude can you add something on this and that is something which is so beautiful about the legal field my my dear friends everybody says I have no time but people do a lot of things can find time so self-awareness would mean whatever happens your phones are away at least 15 minutes of pranayam at least half another time I walked 7500 feet in the morning inside my house 15 minutes have come what may world can run without us world does not need us all the time and self-awareness is so important and for building breaking those complexes no shortcuts a lot of doctors at age of 50 have an identity crisis some is in the gimmick yeah I said you have served your patient that is so beautiful and those who have taken shortcuts for victories when they close their eyes and sleep it haunts them it haunts them even if they suppress it it haunts them it haunts them let things do not haunt you you might actually lose a battle but the war of life is something you will win and the war of life is much longer than the battle my dear friends when I used to get low marks I would blame the teacher this teacher is is is anti non-marathons in school in the schools we had this and the teacher is a North Indian or a Punjabi she doesn't like me she likes that mr. Mehra and mr. Bora whatever and it's so important to not lose to blame and always think about blooming would mean perspective thinking sitting down and cutting things into pieces and telling ourselves this is what I should have done this is what he did this is what I should have done this is what I did I think I learned I lost but I learned and that is so so important do you want to become a bloomer or a blamer and it really kills your complex we can walk with an open heart clean mind and your walk and your gaze will be will be absolutely powerful your state of being would be very good my dear friends all of us need safe safe spaces where you can talk what we like I have a safe space of my schoolmates we talk twice a week one hour we know each other since you were in short pants we know each other when we used to pee in the same room we know each other when we used to chase the same girls we know each other since the time we were nobody and then nobody gang is more important than the somebody gang then nobody gang is so important than the somebody gang and I learned from Professor Srinivas Murthy and today from Dr. Shashank Joshi that if you feel that this guy is an opponent go and meet him I still remember Professor Murthy took me to a house of a person who probably did not like him the most and I said sir how can you do this I said that's the best way to break walls and he sat down they had a cup of tea and the warmth which happens when you go and and and go across your opponent in his house or her house maybe somebody would say you can't tell the difference between a junior and a boss going across your opponent who you believe is an opponent in your your your perception there is no opponents on the earth it's all all a perception so important mindfulness whatever you like will help you to break your complexes friends are your antennas open I hate this word this man is just he has a strong mind what strong mind some jute you might be strong in in some places you we are not strong at all places when I see a mosquito I get very scared because I might get tingu but when I see a see a patient with great difficulty I'm challenged to do my best I'm very scared I was very scared of the corona virus and to beat that scare I said I will not sit at home but I will go to my clinic every day and hospital and sit with my mask and see see see what I can do so nourishing the mind is so so important now my dear friends don't look on the right side look on the left side black dog was the name which Winston Churchill gave to his depression and the WHO has come up with the four-minute movie that exercise can be depression mild depression and which is researched a world-wide organization would not say something out of that it's so important to do mindful exercising people say no I walk from church again station to the high court that is not exercise because you're not mindful you're thinking about the 1120 hearing which is there exercise is mindful you are in the mood of excess you're thinking about excess you're walking with joy you're exercising with joy and you feel the sweat coming down it's not that your blood sugar has gone down it's not your heart rate has come down it is the dopamine oxytocin not up in a frame which comes to the mind and I start my day with 7500 steps walking inside those I don't want to go to the gym with all this scare of the virus and so exercise also helps you to elevate your mood and speak to people straight and complexes go down when you're actually exercise it dissolves your tears fears and anger standalone sentence I don't want to say anything more word about women well in spite of education Indian women is still the same I want to be a great lawyer I want to be a great judge I want to be the great husband great great great mother great wife and great daughter no yeah enough of all this nonsense my wife says the head of the pomperate is tasty I said no it's not tasty there's nothing in the head and it was supposed to be a delicacy which should be which has to be had to be served head had nothing but we really really gave it such a name by giving it only to the mother's tweet the flesh of the pomperate is for the boy the tail is for the boy the middle piece is for the boy come on now it's enough for all this nonsense enough enough of this nonsense and do you want to be a martyr or a manager and let me tell you my dear friends imperfect home is a happy home imperfect kitchen is a happy house imperfect mother is a happy wife an imperfect wife is a happy marriage so do not strive for perfection inside the house all the time gives you good health breaks complexities strive for consistency and not perfection in your home perfection has to be in your work and that is so so important so my dear friends let me slowly stop if you do not take care of your mind either you have a grandiose sense of yourself either you feel you're the best on the earth till you're grounded by somebody very young and very small in the courtroom happens so many times and that happens because there's a cortisol rain in the brain and the hypothalamus pituitary adenine axis goes heavier and the hypothalamus releases all the chemicals but the adrenal glands doesn't function properly and there's a cort steroid drain in the brain that can be brought down by mindfulness and exercise my dear friends what we what we see now is a lot of sleep issues and new research has said good sleep will give you immunity and we need to focus on the sleep problems in concentration anxiety irritability grief and bad memories most of it can be managed by yoga mindfulness any form of mindfulness exercise and and and and focusing on good sleep if not then you need to take help and need to take the help of a physician and a mental health professional as I close my dear friends building does not stand on one pillar so stop saying I am the head of the family no yeah you will be head of family because you you control the the purse strings of the family a building always stands on many pillars a family stands on many pillars there's a small pillar there's a medium pillar there's a bigger pillar and a bigger pillar big pillar small pillar all the all are necessary in there all can help each other but this big pillar says I cannot show my vulnerability because they will feel weak two people from my family in the covid era my mother's sister and my brother and I had to take my mother's sister's body and cremate with my nephew nobody because everybody else was positive I was not and I still remember both of us crying like little children he consoling me me consoling him so there is no one single pillar there's no strong mind strong mind has opened doors so it's so important my dear friends remind yourself that you're human being you need not be stoic and reticent you need to be human and that makes you great human being that kills all complexities do not do anything and I still remember that when me and my nephew cremated my aunt when we wept on each other's shoulder the power of consoling is not only there in the head of the family but it's also there in every member of the family and we mean covid times when I run a support group for those who have lost people in covid first lesson at it is tears are not abnormal crying is healthy family that cries together heals together and in UP one of my patients at this UP patient I still remember his name he was he was Mr. Yadav but his first time I forgot he said the doctor sir you know 20 years ago don't block your tears my dear friends you may be the greatest people in your field and greatness is perception it's illusion it's Maya ultimately when we are born we are horizontal in a bed of six feet by three in the hospital and we die we are horizontal approximately six feet by three feet as we die so so be human and when everything fails remember if you are depressed Amitabh said sessions or or or or medication depression is very invisible extremely invisible and let's care depression also very cunning it can come in many disguises seek help in spite of doing everything this can go here and remember when you are not able to do things as at the speed which you did earlier concentration has gone down your sleep and appetite is disturbed you feel lazy or you feel very irritable and you feel worthless hopeless and you feel that one of these things and you need to seek help exhaustion is also a sign of of depression ultimately my my my dear friends the most powerful emotion on this earth is love if you want to feel equal to others remember on the most difficult day bring back a memory which is very stirring I always bring back my memory of my father and mother holding me my hand when when I went to school what a beautiful memory mother feeding me at the chapel at my same day was at school really partly and and I still can feel a finger my mother's alive 85 year old and and and and so there's nobody in this on the screen who has not experienced love huh you might have difficult experience but dark about the subject bring back all those little memories in your fantasy and live as if it's happening now and with this I just say let's continue doing a nishkama karma and you're award to chaltar etaya so award no award chaltar etaya but but when you sleep at night you feel that you have done your duty to the best of your ability and that gives you peace energy and equanimity that also gives you that you can look into the eye of anybody and say what you believe say what you feel say what you've learned because ultimately to the earth is round actually it is flat you all stand for 40 60 70 80 90 and if you're unlucky 100 years then slowly you become horizontal at some point of time with this I stop I thank madame roshan delvi who has been who I've been associated with for so long and I've attended her sessions in the past I've learned so much from her across time and I'll continue doing that as long as I breathe because who's this unfatigable there is no fatigue in this man there is no tiredness in this man day in and day out he comes up with some programs all the time my apologies for not being able to join on time something the iMac did something which I don't know I've done and now I took up a France ordinary PC and it opened everything open it is a thank you for inviting me I'm open to questions yeah I can just say that it was a spellbound session a lot of lessons to be learned across regarding the pillars pillars as they say that pillars to success are many and the way you have taken taken us across to the different pillars the value of family as we often say that family would be father and mother I love you the true significance of family you have actually explained to us and the depression can how what could be the results of the depression and why you shouldn't feel shy of crying when things are of the emotion should be there and out here it's not there meanwhile I can just check it out on the youtube meanwhile just roshan that we would share his views of this I am speechless so on the topic that I can only learn and not teach I don't think I can say much except that we lawyers now have different lines of profession and different new startups and a whole new way of thinking so as they say that change amid chaos and chaos amid change you should bring change amid chaos that go with may have created and one nice line that I said is what people said which is the best body part the most used body part in go with and this at hands because that is what we wash all the time someone said no it is the brain which has been washed and what have we learned from go with that we have to share that we can't even keep vaccinations only for ourselves forget everything ends even by giving vaccinations to others we would have averted the last disaster which we feel to do so I think so many of this soft skills of good living that we learned we can invite and thank you Dr. Shetty for it and thank you because for giving us this kind of platforms you know timing and time out as Dr. Shetty said again and again you are indefatigable and you continue I think for about the 200th time right so this is really a info bank that you are creating that's only because of the thank you Dr. Shetty said that we are all pillars one can be a large pillar one can be a nail one can be help to see the relationship that's where I'm out everybody has to play a role Dr. Shetty one question what is the difference between sadness and depression yes well sadness is like the raga of hindustani classical it comes and goes without reason I still remember this incident at dadar station a woman was crying when she was standing and I we were a group of young mental professionals still learning and asked the lady just jake you're already and she just casually went and she said simply simply so sadness can come and go you're still retain your occupational functioning you still still manage anything and it's a feeling of love which can come without reason with reason and still you're able to organize yourself and function effectively depression is fracture of the mind sadness is sprain of the mind it goes away and depression is when in spite of everything you are slowed down if you lazy cannot get up from your chair you feel salam monday a quote bando na chayek haptata quote bando na chayek or if you're extremely irritable psychomotor retardation psych and body retardation psychomotor excitation irritability all those lot of irritable people at home who are blamed because they're irritable most of them have depression which can be treated the third symptom is you're anxious about the future's anxiety tiredness and exhaustion without all reports of normal tiredness and exhaustion without reason blaming yourself for things which have not done one poor concentration i would read one page of the times of india in in in half an hour now i can't read one page even in four hours my i can't go beyond four lines poor concentration sadness crying spells but crying should not be the only only criteria it is said a person who cries may not always be depressed and a person who's depressed may not always choose to cry so that is how it is also hopelessness worklessness death wish yeah vivaan uthalaya intent to die weight loss unexplained weight loss with all reports normal depression in covid post-covid depression is very common extremely common and when you ask people about death and dying earlier we were taught as young students of that we should ask from very free to send that was under the realm of elicitation now it's under the realm of inquiry we ask we don't we don't inculcate the thought of dying you are able to elicit people who are very depressed and help them so sadness is is is probably a normal emotion a positive emotion which is necessary if you do not have emotional reactivity to events around then that that means there is something wrong depression is fracture of the mind to the land or science dharavi appears the same nothing nothing really helps you even a small task appears very cumbersome you are you have intolerability to noise even if you are one symptom you should screen yourself for depression all medical checkups should have a psychologist who can screen the person for minor mental disorders or major mental disorders thank you vikas for the beautiful question okay it was a question here posted on the youtube and i find that you are what you're full of knowledge one can only learn from you and more and more sessions like people from you who can take actually things forward in the right way and once it is coupled with a partner like just justice roshan dalvi and you would be looking forward the second part with justice roshan dalvi on the short skills on the legal perspective where we have requested just dr hari shethi to give the introduction and we all know that the way he takes things and explains that itself would be a skill i am not saying in what we talk of short skills the skill to keep people enamored keep the people glued people to hear that's also a skill which one can only learn with a flux of time and that's what when we have the speakers like roshan dr hari shethi and justice roshan dalvi that one can always hear and listen with all and with that we part for the day and once we start the next year we start on a session with mr sundar mohan on first do join us on at five p.m everyone stay safe stay blessed and meanwhile happy new year in advance thank you everybody good day have a nice year thank you ma'am thank you for your thank you for the opportunity and for your support and your blessings ma'am thank you thank you thank you thank you thank you


I have a question for Professor Hoppe, but of course for the whole panel if someone wants to expand. I think the best example for a holler example of society was the old Roman society, which was a collection of families. And the relationship between the different father-familias of the different families were similar to international law. So each family was viewed as an independent kind of social cell. And this kind of society gave rise to probably the most important system of law which we'll still use today. So maybe this is a historical proof that holler was right in his analysis. Let me just say, I didn't get into some of his work and Tyler's work is very extensive. He does criticize Roman law. I think there are also certain mistakes that exist in Roman law, but I didn't investigate precisely his criticism of Roman law. He sees certain similarities, I must say, but maybe that would be a task for you because he is also translated into Italian as far as I know. He had also quite a few number of students in the 19th century in Spain. He wrote, for instance, a vehement attack on the institution of the Cortes in Spain. And he does have various sections where he explains what is wrong with Roman law. So maybe I assign you to this task for the next time. Right to this law connection, law subject. First of all, I look very much forward to read holler. I didn't know, at least not in detail, just the name and that that will certainly be interesting also for lawyers, I think. It reminded me of what you were telling us. Reminded me to another author, a contemporary author, also one of the old regimes, so to speak, but with a very truly liberal attitude. Savini, the famous founder of the historical school of law, who maybe more toward Roman law, but mainly he looked at law as a phenomenon that developed certain rule that came out of a decentralized order. It came up out of the conflicts that had to be solved by judges and so on. And then he described what was the law. He did not propose what should be the law. He described what is the law. So in a way, natural law, not in the technical sense, but a view that looks at reality and tries to understand what is there. Maybe it's comparable, at least, what holler said. I mean, since I'm not a lawyer and know very little about the history of law, my purpose was, in a way, to get lawyers interested in his work. And I see what you just said that I never really heard much about holler. Yeah, you have heard his name or something like that. No, the guy is considered to be an outcast nowadays. And I want to raise interest and appeal to people also speaking other languages to look at his work in the various translations. Not all of his works have been translated, but many of them have been translated. And I think there is a source of great wisdom that we libertarians can find in his work. My question is for David Durr. You spoke about the state as an evolutionary mishap, but I wonder that could it be that in a situation where humanity went to agriculture and you could have crop failures and that could result in famines, that an attitude would arise where a lot of people sacrifice themselves for the leader in order to get them through the bottleneck of the famine. So the leader survives the famine because they sacrifice their resources to the leader. Could that be an evolutionary explanation for the state? So if I understood your question correctly, I would say, or what seems at least plausible to me is that you had just external circumstances that the density, can you say that? So a certain population is more dense than it was before because more people in a certain territory, more cooperation, more separation of different functions of labor, so more sophisticated system, but still a species that essentially functions from the individual. And then what changed to structures which I call an error is that this self-related position that was developed in a long evolution and that proved to be successful and useful in everyday life that this became another object, so to speak, that at least certain people had then the attitude to decide for themselves but not only what their activity is concerned but also what other activities is concerned. And of course on the other side there were people that maybe accepted, maybe in a first instance to a certain extent they accepted it, but I would say not all at least, and maybe it switched from acceptance by individuals, by free will, to subordination. And I think that then led to the structure of these power concentrations. I would say parallel to that there were useful evolutions as well. For instance, out of these agricultural density it became necessary to define borders and to develop property, to articulate property and to say, look now it's not like in earlier times when they went around for new hunting and gathering places that now we are here so it's necessary to find useful borders which is nothing but property.  And I would say property, that was a useful behavior, a useful aspect, maybe a useful correction of certain tensions while that other evolution, that power concentration, that was the bad side of it. Did I understand your question or was it an answer to your question? No, one thing is of course as soon as society has become sedentary and accumulate more goods, what comes into existence is systematic stealing also, which if people just simply roam around, they might kill each other or something like this, but systematic robbery requires of course accumulation of wealth and that only comes about once people become settled. But the problem of bad harvest or something like this that doesn't require a state, a private entrepreneur, the type of king or prince that I describe there can do that just as well and you attach yourself to those people because they are smarter, they know more, they accumulate things, they are more farsighted and because of this I try to be his friend. Nothing that the state has to follow from it, it can follow from it, but there is no necessity that out of these types of problems whatever high water or bad harvest would automatically lead to some sort of monopoly justice. Entrepreneurs nowadays also just deal with the problem of hurricanes and things like that and we know that they are usually better handling it than the state is doing it. Yes, maybe not exactly what I meant, because of course the state will deal with all these disasters very badly, but I was thinking more that if you have a famine and there's only food for, normally there's food for 100 people when you have 100 people and there's a famine, a crop failure and you have only food for 10 people to survive that an attitude would arise or a morality would arise where people start to sacrifice themselves to choose these 10 survivors. But it's difficult to explain, maybe I can do it later with a bit more words. My question goes to Professor Hoppe. First of all, thank you for this very interesting lecture and that you have introduced Hala to us. My question would be, did Hala directly discuss Hoppe's Jean Poder and other state theorists of the 60s, 60s and 70s century? Did he discuss Hoppe's and Jean Poder directly? He discussed all of them yet, but I did not, again I would have taken a few more hours to go over all of this. Yes, he discussed each of them and also many, many people that are nowadays almost unknown. But yes, he has some 10, 20 pages on Hoppe's, he has pages on Locke on Montesquieu.  Rousseau is a nut, Hugo Grosjeu is quite good and then from there everything goes down the drain. One gets worse than the other. He discusses all of them. Did Kynald Ledin quote him? Kynald Ledin only mentions him in a footnote. But I never, I don't remember that Kynald Ledin discussed him in any detail. He would count him among those people that he likes but he doesn't say exactly why and to what extent he agrees with him. He mentions him however. Oh, you know, Hoppe's, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu all in his view all nuts, all sophists and so forth. This is a question for Maudel. I would like to know of all the countries that you run your companies in, which one of those give you the least amount of bureaucratic hell and which one gives you the most amount of bureaucratic hell and especially I would like to know if Liechtenstein for example, does it have less red tape than for example Switzerland? Yes, we are active in six countries. So if I make a row, it's a bit difficult. Liechtenstein has given us the biggest relief in our personal life so to speak. So that such a thing exists where you can go to exile and feel better than coming from your home countries of course like a bias in a way because it can be the case for many people, you know, that the law is really ridiculous there. So for example if a German comes to Switzerland and we can in some cantons ask for a flat tax. So we know that Liechtenstein people leave Liechtenstein to live in Switzerland on the basis of a flat tax and of course with people go to Liechtenstein to have the same privilege as an exiled person, which is of course also a matter of humor that these exchanges actually give like Ricardo said mutual benefits. So the good is not exchange between the people, the people, the person itself is the good who changes the places. But basically Liechtenstein is of course a great place because the tax situation not only on the personal level is very positive but on the legal level, the legal entity, you must know that in Liechtenstein a so called Beteiligungsertrag, which in English would be something like a dividend out of participation, if then you paid out in the last instance to the natural person, this dividend is taxed zero, which in a way is only logic because the dividend of a participation already was taxed, otherwise it would not be a dividend. Now in Switzerland they really did a ridiculous thing. Again were of war, they declared holdings as privileged text entities. So that was just the wording and with this and this notion of equality, the political power could actually bring through that privileges are something bad and we have to abolish privileges. So in Switzerland starting from this year as far as I know holdings are taxed equally as normal companies, although holdings of course have their income from already taxed profits of participation. So you see Switzerland has fallen into that trap so certainly leaves behind Liechtenstein and Liechtenstein did not change the taxation of holding companies. So a very good place there. Then I would say Poland comes quite early after that. At the moment I have no knowledge of really basic, bad things happening in bureaucracy unless one thing they do not accept at the moment our fee that we are asking for our central services in Switzerland. So like for example the usage of a logo contains a lot of reputation of a company and this has a value and we say we have some marketing efforts and please give us 2% of sales. Poland at the moment is the strictest country who does not allow 2% of sales at the moment their suggestion is 0.5 which is ridiculous by the way. At the moment if you look to Europe in terms of such issues it's really nice that Europe is still alive because the diversity is huge. In every country, EU, yes or no you have different ways or level what they accept on tax questions. But Poland is in terms of labour law is quite amazing liberal. Then I would say comes the Czech Republic and Croatia. Czech Republic has a little bit of trade union issues which is strange in a way. We do not understand how it came into it. Then on the fourth position or last position at the moment is Germany in my country. My company which is my country, yes. Maybe a remark there is on purpose of course some countries lacking in our organisation and first of all I would mention still France. It is an absolute no go for us since 30 years to invest into France. Sorry to say like that. And I would still to France is a phenomenon there are people who are successful in France. For me it was always a wonder and most of them are French people and they know how to do it and I admire that and I have to respect that but certainly these are the limits of globalization. We are sorry to say not in Italy maybe you noticed my question to Alessandro yesterday that I would love to understand Italy because I don't and so it's very dangerous to invest into a country that you don't understand. France belongs to that and I can still select my favourite countries and this selection is exactly these fives I have chosen. So this is a bit of a complicated question because I'm formulating itself the question itself is tough but we probably should talk about that. We've seen an enormous amount of fear and terror that people have been subjected to over the past decades coming from things like climate change and you know inequality and now COVID and everything that are being used to ratchet up the level of oppression and to diminish and substantially just cancel at this point cancel basic human rights that would be understood as given just 30 years ago. Coming from international organizations like the World Trade Organization the World Economic Forum and these are all super national organizations that sadly some of them have they reside in Switzerland I'm still in shock at that. What should be done to make sure that their efforts at refutalizing the world are failures? What can we do? And this is a question just for the general panel because I'm actually interested in multiple perspectives on this. Thanks. Just to be clear the question the one sentence question is what can we do to make sure that the influence of these organizations and the campaign of terror used to take away our freedoms reduces. So to bring back freedom and prevent these organizations from continuing to take away people's freedoms rights and livelihoods. Say that I'm still not quite sure what the question is but if it is just simply how can we restore normality to society or something like that? I would say again we have to we have to increase competition between different regions in order to figure out which system works better and which doesn't and allow people to move from one place from those places that are less successful to those places that are more successful. So we have to you are right at the current moment there still exists some differences between Poland and the Czech Republic and Switzerland and Germany and France I agree with France has the most terrible labor laws that you can imagine you would never open a company because you can never get rid of your employees and in other places that is easier but the entire purpose of the European Union is of course to get rid of this they want to harmonize everything and of course harmonize it upward I mean there were the complaints about what was years ago that the Germans complained about Luxembourg which is also a member of the European Union charging lower taxes than Germany does and I thought that was unfair and nobody in the German press said I mean you are free to do it just like Luxembourg you can also lower your taxes and then there is no complaint anymore so the harmonization that is promoted by the EU is always upward harmonization if you have that tax and you have that tax then the European Union want that both countries have the same sort of tax this is one of the advantages still Switzerland and Liechtenstein that they are not part of the European Union and the European Union is of course exercising tremendous pressure on both of these places to also adhere to their own more ridiculous policies than they do in Switzerland and in Liechtenstein you can see if you follow the policies in Switzerland this is the same tendency of concentrating power more and more on the central government and taking power away from the cantons which currently are still competing to a certain extent with each other so the European Union has to be condemned that is just the most ridiculous institution that one can imagine and I will tell you always in Germany oh how much we gained from the European Union as if Germany became richer being member of the European Union the Germans were compared to other countries far wealthier and the difference between Germany and other in the poor countries has become smaller and smaller so competition is the only way to go into a normality but again maybe I didn't answer exactly what you wanted well in a way this question comes up every year I mean when the PFS happens and I would try to answer as practical as possible so do not fall into the trap of collectivism because your question is direct what could we do and the we is already a trap because look at this audience now we are coming from different places we are in different functions we have different obligations if everybody of us is going home tomorrow and everybody is doing in Italy what you are doing already as entrepreneur, as philosopher, as lawyer and try to be as natural as possible so not enforce something although I have a rebellious mind and now I am making a rebellion they all fail because you cannot master your temperament you have to master first of all yourself that's probably my first advice do not get lost out of all these heaps of criticism that we aggregate every time we have such conferences so master yourself and be a person, a decent person as we heard from Hans Hoppe and Mr. von Halle you are a father of a family you have educational tasks you have kids you can do a lot in your surrounding I am now, as you heard today in a position where I start to make opposition not because I like to make opposition but because the stupidity has come to a degree where you have to do it in order to protect yourself and your soul who is living in your body and who would oppose to you and give you probably illness if you would not oppose to that stupidity where healthy people have to prove themselves every other day and if not you are symptomless ill that was used healthy before now you are symptomless ill now you have to stop that stupidity to protect yourself and I think this is the best motivation to be moderate I liked this also this mentioning of this bourgeois virtues moderation is probably one of the most difficult things so stay moderate say this is the limit here you can come and not any further because I have to protect me and my health and my mental health so for example in my case I had to exclamate my state avalon not because of a revolutionary mood it was an intellectual necessity when I compared my company where I was trying to keep my head quarter low and you know I was growing and the state is not growing in the sense of inhabitants but is growing in the sense of bureaucracy I simply had to I had to take the conclusion I cannot continue with you guys because you are insane so I thought that was always a natural thing to do so please do natural thing listen to your body listen to your spirit and he will or it will tell you what you do but not your temperaments that was a good answer I could add some additional thoughts to that subject if I understand your question correctly what shall we do what can we do in order to get out of this crazy system state this system that was in a quarry your question I usually think of two aspects of this one is that I think the problem is that big that it's maybe too big in order to be subject of a specific political program we decide now to do this and then we implement it I think it's on a too fundamental and maybe high level in order to just make a project out of it and try to change it it has to do with these long term evolutions I showed in my presentation and I think the general attitude or a fitting attitude could be to look at everything in this respect as a phenomenon it's a astonishing phenomenon perhaps that we have these structures but once you take a little bit more distance so the Google Earth view on this thing also in terms of time arrow then I can really say that this statist structure is perhaps really something relatively new it's not an old tradition it's not something that corresponds to homo sapiens it's something strange in a way it's something that presumably will not survive very long if everybody says but look at society everybody wants a state you are some extremists 90% want a state then I would say and I would think okay it might be currently that's the case but which is also the case that some very few think differently this also is a phenomenon I mean the evolution of man of society also produces this kind of thinking we too are part of that evolution and there are some inbuilt corrections maybe that gave us hope that they will prevail on the long run that would be one answer to that maybe a bit abstract I admit but nevertheless and the second one is beside activities and it's really good to have activities precisely precise concrete activities beside that I think telling these things you know making speeches writing books and so on so speaking about that trying to convince other people I think that's a big part of it and what that is concerned I think what is very important that that's my view and the view of many here but maybe not of all what is very important is to be radical really radical in this respect and not to say we have to reduce the state of course we do have to reduce it but that's just a symptom to reduce the state I mean it's not possible I would say but even if with some you know efforts you can achieve some reduction you still did not touch the real problem you just made a symptom treatment but the cause of it is the state as such as long as you do have a state and be it a small state you did not yet take the problem in hands and I think in discussing in presenting aspects of this subject I would say it's very important to say that the state is the problem as long as you did not abolish or this institution you won't solve these problems so that would be my ideas to that question My question is for Stefan and David as my fellow colleagues and attorneys as well I think what we can take as a balance of the last 18-19 months is the failure of constitutions whatever rights are written in the constitutions the states ran roughshod on them so as an idea thinking that probably we won't do without states and without constitutions for a long time because it's unlikely that we will be joined by many people as much as we try I think the main issue in constitutions is that they don't have an opt-out clause you cannot opt-out of the state it's a structure which is there to remain and in order to make this more likely to be accepted they say yes but you have lots of rights and we have a whole catalog of rights you have I think we should go to private law as usual which is a very good example to solve problems and in any collective private law enterprise you usually have an opt-out clause you can opt-out of companies you can sell your shares or you can force the shareholders to buy them depending on how the contract is made up you can opt-out of home owners' associations at least in part for example you can refuse central heating and say I do my own heating I don't want to buy your heating this should be a model for future constitution not so much how they structure the state as you mentioned Stefan but how it is possible to get out of the state maybe on the lines of a soft succession not completely but at least part of the state and then be transformed instead of a citizen so part of the structure be transformed into a client of the state so the state can morph slowly into a service provider which would be the best solution for us so once the state is a service provider it could be in competition with other service providers and this could be a way out of this situation well I think I agree with all that I'm not so sure the constitution has failed you view the constitution as a purpose to support the power of the state so it's actually succeeded from our point of view yes it would be nice if the government would try to do these things to make life better for us but that's not the state's interest that's basically the problem I think constitutions are the problem we need to stop legitimizing the state well I'm also a bit embarrassed to give precise answers to that I think any approach again if I understand you correctly the acoustic is quite difficult but I think in general an approach to this problem by trying to influence this existing system this you could say the structures based on the constitution in force is as I said before always symptom treatment and I think the idea to influence to try to influence this monopolist to a better behavior is waste of time in a way you should keep in mind that this is not a serious state that's a gang that's a criminal gang that's institutionalized unlawfulness this is the state you can define it precisely what he declares in his statutes as illegal he commits the whole day from morning to night so he is a gangster a gangster organization and so try to influence a gangster to be more client oriented that's pretty difficult maybe there are examples other to compare it you mentioned already Lichtenstein or somebody mentioned the constitution of Lichtenstein did you mention it? I know that that was somebody else that there the communes the communities the part that they have the right to secede Jeff Dice mentioned it I think yesterday now I think in that case there is not a gangster at the top so this is somebody according to his book the state in the third millennium where he said the state should be a service provider who should try to have happy clients and if they are not happy they will leave if the price is too high for the service they will leave but this is a very untypical holder of this position if you find some of this kind then it's fine and they not per accident have this regime but I think all these conventional structures I just don't see it in a realistic way what was that your point I mean yeah I want to emphasize what David Durger said we have to be in what we say we do have to be radical that is of utmost importance it is clear that we don't get what we really want and we are happy for any reduction of government functions whatever we can get and one way of being radical is of course making state institutions and representatives of the state into a laughing stock to show how utterly ridiculous it is that a guy like Biden or whatever his name is orders 300 million people to adhere to certain rules that he comes up with a bunch of maybe 100 advisors or something like that how dare you who has no idea about local circumstances about individual circumstances order 300 million people to do this or not to do this ridiculous is that a woman like Merkel can order 80 million people to do this or not to do this these people are obviously megalomaniacs and you can apply that to other things of course as well like global climate how can you know what correct global climate is for all of mankind first of all the megalomaniac of people who think that people who cannot build an airport have never run a kiosk that they can have the knowledge to control the climate I mean I can clean my garden, my house and things like this is all under my control but anybody can believe they can change the global climate they should be asked how they explain for instance that the last ice age ended when there was no plane around no car driving around how big can the part of humanity be to influence the climate if these types of events happened and again even if we could the idea of one temperature is the right temperature for the entire world people in Greenland would like to have it warmer people in the Maldives might want to have it a little bit cooler I cannot even agree with my wife how cool and how how warm it should be in the bedroom I like it cooler, she likes it warmer the idea that there is one global temperature that is right I mean that would have to be left out of out of the hall and in general all of these people are by and large stupid people those are all people who have never accomplished anything in their life there is not a single individual in the political class that you would admire for some achievements that he has done outside of being some sort of dictator so laughing and also laughing at people who present us these types of audience that seems to be the best way to proceed as far as I am concerned and show in a way your radicalism in the most persuasive way


in which we will see the different three notations, polished notation that is infix notation, prefix notation, and postfix notation. The learning outcome, student can comprehend polished notations, student will be able to recognize different types of polished notations. The content of the today's topics are statement, notations, type of polished notations, infix, prefix, and postfix. The definition, all the declarative sentences to which possible to assign one or only one, two possible truth values, either true or false. For example, India is a country, Delhi is capital of Maharashtra, this statement is false. These are the three statements we have considered. Out of that, the first statement, India's country has got the true value. Second, Delhi is the capital of Maharashtra, which has got the false value. Whereas the third one, we cannot assign either true or false value. So, according to our definition, it cannot be a statement. Notations, notations, rather how to symbolize all these simple statements. For example, consider, Ram went to school. This can be symbolized with any alphabet, say R. You can take A to Z, out of that, I have taken R. The second statement, consider, Sham went to the playground. Now, in this Sham went to the playground, you can consider, say yes. Now, if I combine these two statements, like Ram went to the school, and Sham went to the playground, this is called as a compound statement. And the simple statements are like, Ram went to the school is a simple statement. Sham went to the playground is a simple statement. When you combine these two simple statements, that becomes a compound statement, and it can be written as Ram went to the school, and Sham went to the playground. This can be symbolized with a connective called as a AND. This AND is a logical operator, AND is used. So, this can be symbolized as R and S, which is statement formula. This formula can be represented as in policy notifications. This policy notation is called as a infix notation. As I told in the first slide, there are three types of notations, infix, prefix, and post-fix. Let us see one by one. Infix notations, how they are represented? They are represented like this, operand one, followed by operator, followed by the operand two. Now, what is operator? Operators are plus, minus, multiplication, division. These are the arithmetic operators. The logical operators like AND, OR, conditional, biconditional, NAND, NOR, XOR, all these are the operators. So, whenever we write operator between two operands, that is called as a infix notation. So, operators are written in between their operands. This is a usual way we write expression. An expression such as, consider this expression, which is written in brackets, A multiplied by into bracket B plus C, bracket close divided by D, which is usual writing expression using plus multiplication and division. Now, here, how this expression is evaluated? It's what is the priority of the expression. Now, in mathematical expression, first of all, multiplication and divisions are evaluated first. Then, plus and division, plus and minus are evaluated. Out of that, the innermost, if suppose brackets are there, the innermost bracket will be evaluated first. So, in this example, we observe that B plus C is the innermost bracket. So, B plus C will be evaluated. So, first of all, add B and C together. That is, B plus C will be evaluated. The result of that is multiplied with A, that is, A multiplied by result of B plus C. Then, the result of this entire bracket is divided by D. This now, the expression is evaluated. Now, prefix notation. If you look at this, plus X, Y, this indicates that plus is the operator, followed by the two operands, X and Y. Means, in this case, first of all, operator, followed by the two operands. In fixed, first operand one, operator, then lastly, operand two. But, in the prefix, it is, first of all, operator followed by the two operands. Operands are written before their operands. Now, the same expression, the same expression, A into B plus C divided by D, can be written in prefix like this. First of all, divide, multiplication, A plus B, C and D. As for the post-fix operators, left to right and brackets are super plus operators act on the two nearest values on the right. We have again added totally unnecessary brackets. Means, saying that plus B, C is evaluated first. Then, result of that will be evaluated with A with a multiplication and result of this will be with D by the division operation. Now, the prefix notation, in the example, given in the previous slide, although the division is the first operator on the left side, it acts on the result of the multiplication. And so, the multiplication has to happen before the division. And similarly, addition has to happen before the multiplication, because they are stored in the brackets, because post-fix operators use values to their left. Any values involving computations will already have been calculated, and we go left to right. And so, the order of evolution of the operators is not disrupted in the way as a prefix expression. Post-fix notations. It is also known as a reverse-polish notation, and it is denoted as X, Y plus, indicating that X, Y are the operands, operand one, operand two, X is operand one, Y is operand two, and followed by the operator plus. Operators are written after the operands. The in-fix expression given above is equivalent to A, B, C plus, multiplication, division, D division. Now, operators act on the values immediately to the left of them. For example, the plus above uses the B and C. We can add totally unnecessarily brackets to make the explicit, like B, C plus first of all, then followed by the result of that with a multiplication with A, and the result of A multiplied by B, C plus, divided by D. Thus, the multiplication uses the two values immediately preceding A and the result of the addition. Similarly, the division uses the result of the multiplication of D. Take a minute and write the following statement into in-fix notations. Now, Ram is playing football, and Shyam is watching the television. Now, this is a compound statement. This is a compound statement. Now, what are the simple statements? The first simple statement is Ram is playing the football, and the second statement is Shyam is watching the television. These are the two statements connected by this and, A and D and. Let us take a minute and solve this. The answer, this can be symbolized. Ram playing football can be symbolized, say, with R. Shyam is watching the television with, say, S. Ram is playing football, and Shyam is watching the television. This can be symbolized with R and S, which is called the in-fix notation. The same can be written in in-fix is called as an and R S, and same can be written as in post-fixes R S and. Take a note, in all three versions, the operands occur in the same order and just the operators have to move to keep the meaning correct. This is particularly important for the asymmetric operators like subtraction and division. A minus B does not mean that the same as B minus A. The formula is equivalent to A B minus or minus A B in case of prefix. The latter to B A minus or minus B A. The B A minus is post-fix, and this minus B A is a prefix. These are the some in-fix, post-fix and prefix notations. Let us consider the first one. A into B plus C divided by D. Multiply A and B, divide C by D at the results. The same thing in post-fix it is written as A B's. Multiplication C D slash plus in prefix plus A B division C D. This is how the remaining expressions are encountered. These are the references. I hope you understood the polished notations. Thank you.