Hello everyone and welcome to today's webcast, The Power of First Impressions. Today is all about making impact with your style and your personal brand. And we have heard in the past that people can actually make their first impression within seven seconds. So what can we do to actually change that and make sure it reflects our personality and who we actually are? Today we're joined by image style expert Annie Sophia, how are you today? Hi, wonderful Sarah, wonderful to be here. Hi everyone. Thanks everyone for joining. Today is exciting for us. It's the first time we've actually had props in the studio, so thank you for bringing these in. They look lovely and I can't wait to get to them. Me too. So first of all, let's get started. Why do first impressions count in your eyes? So we're all visual creatures and whether we like it or not or know it or not, we all judge. It can be positive or negative, but this is a fact. So with first impressions, we have only a limited time up to seven seconds to make that first impression with impact. That's quite scary. And put our best foot forward to give ourselves the advantage of having a great first impression. Now you've worked in the corporate world for a long time. So you understand the rise of this whole concept of personal brand and how everyone's talking about it now. And when it does come to creating our personal brand, no matter which industry we're in, it is very important. So how does first impressions and image play into your personal brand? Great question. So first of all, personal brand is made up of many elements.  So what it is is it's almost like three mirrors. One mirror is how you perceive yourself. Another mirror is how you are perceived. And the third mirror is your authentic self, your truth, your personal brand. So if you look at all these elements, they all take a lot of time and years in fact to really work on each one, really giving yourselves a real clear aspect of trying to work out what your passions are, what your vision is. But I believe the most important element of personal branding is presentation. This is something that can be immediately used to make an impact and to show your true self and your brand. So what then is the quickest and easiest way to be able to present your inner confidence and also your outer presentation and that is your image.  So it's really about we know what we want to convey and how we want people to perceive us. So how can we dress appropriately to make that happen? Because all those other elements of branding obviously can take a long time for people to see, can't they? Yes. Whereas your wardrobe is something and the way that you present yourself is something that can be done almost immediately. Just on that, I want to give people some context and also some examples. Now, when we think of image, I think of style, I think of wardrobe like you just said. So what is who are some people out there that you think have a great style or even just a style that is consistent? Yes, great. So what we've got here is some examples of public figures, Australian public figures that you may recognize that have a strong personal brand through presentation. So if you look here at the first example, Kate Blanchett, Everyone can say that she's got a great style. She does have a great style and the thing is though is it's her consistency across all surroundings and environments. So whether Kate is out shopping, whether she's on the red carpet or with her children, she's always carrying that style that I would say is timeless, is sophisticated, elegant, it's very clean. So that's Kate's personal brand through presentation in a consistent way. So and we look at the second example. I can look at this one for a while. Yes, he is easy on the eyes, isn't he? So with Hugh Jackman, we could possibly come up with the words of a bit rugged but polished, urban but professional. He's got that edgy, urban look about him and but he also can ramp it up to a more polished look depending on his environment. But see if you look at the examples, he's still got that consistent personal brand. He's presenting in a consistent way. So that's why Hugh Jackman's a great example. Another one who is quite consistent with her look as well, Clovermore. Yes, our newly re-elected Lord Mayor of Sydney, Clovermore. She's an excellent example because we could come up with the star words for her as bold, colourful, professional. But there's actually a real standout feature about Clover that makes her a great example. And that is that she has a standout accessory that she always wears and that is her choker necklace. Yes. She wears it in every situation even when she's walking the dogs. Yeah. So because she has that consistency around this presentation and image, therefore people trust her, people expect that from her. Therefore she has a really strong personal brand. Great. And this one, I think we can all agree that this one is consistent as well, depending on whether you love it or love it. Exactly. And I'm getting hungry just looking at Matt Preston and the thoughts of MasterChef coming up. But with Matt Preston, again, he's got something similar to Clovermore and that his signature piece of clothing is his cravat. So he wears that again in all situations. He also has, if you would agree with me, a dapper style, traditional, a very bold and flamboyant. So even when he's on the farm, he's still got that sort of gentlemanly dapper look about him with pops of colour as well. Yeah, it's always sort of there in the background and I think this takes me back. I was currently reading Naomi Simpson from Red Balloon. Her book, Live What You Love, and she talks about when she first started her career, she used to think of describing words about herself and how red is her colour and how you see her on Shark Tank or even Red Balloon. It's all red, the logo is, but what she wears reflects her brand, her personality and also the company as well. So I think it's very interesting how consistency really is key and that can play a big role over time with people who you're working with or trying to impress for some reason, can't it? Exactly. It makes you stand out. It makes people remember you. Yeah. And from that then, what we can do is look at the keys of a successful personal brand. I've come up with the three C's, so it's easy to remember. Great. The first C is clarity. We must have clarity about the brand that we want to express, the style, the image that we want to express. The second C is consistency. We must be consistent by presenting this image at all times in all environments like Cape Blanchard, like Hugh Jackman, doesn't matter where you are, just having that consistency at all times, which therefore brings you to the third C, which is certainty. Therefore, we bring about a sense of certainty, not just within ourselves, which will bring us inner confidence and we can trust ourselves a lot more, but also it teaches others to trust value and respect you by being certain. People trust people, people like people, if they have a level of certainty about them. Definitely makes sense. And in terms of creating our personal style in the registration process, we spoke about the three-step formula of how this all works. And before we get into that, I just want to encourage everyone out there to get a piece of pen, a piece of paper, sorry, and a pen and to start writing this down, because this is invaluable and I think if we just talk about it, you're going to forget it as soon as it's over. So definitely make sure you write this down and then start asking other people about it and start to develop your own style. The thing I really like about this and is the fact that we can take this away and it's actual things that we can put into place today, isn't it? That's it. It's all about action steps, everyone. It's all well and good talking about personal branding and presentation and this and that. But unless we can walk into our wardrobes this evening and be able to really pick out something that expresses our personal brand, then... What are we doing here? So the first part of it is personality. So what's this all about? Obviously personality, we know what it all means, but how does this play into our wardrobe and our presentation? Yeah, so personality is the first step of the three-step style formula. So to create our personal style, to develop and to express it, we need to look at the first step, which is personality. So what are three words that describe your personality that you can think of that describe yourself? Often it's good to ask the loved one or a good friend or even your work colleague. What and keep it positive? Yes, that's it. Yeah, try to go for positive words. So words that really describe you and so perhaps I can ask you, Sarah. Yes, and I have had to think about this one because I think it's one of those questions. If you are asked on the spot, it can be a little bit confronting. But judging by this list, the three that I came up with, passionate, sociable and also engaging. So they were all those three words. If I had to choose three from that list, that would actually define my personality. That's great. And I couldn't agree more, everyone. She's definitely those three words. So I mean, if I look at the list myself, I would definitely say enthusiastic, creative and passionate. Definitely. I would agree with those. Oh, good. That's wonderful.  I think it's good to share this information as well. Even if we can't see you, it's always good just to confirm it by typing it into that box and then part of the discussion. Okay. So step one, we've got those three words and that's our personality. Now let's look at environment. What does this mean? So let's think of three environments that we spend most of our time in on a day to day basis. Okay. So when we look at it on a whole, we could be working nine to five in the office, perhaps client facing sales, meetings, networking, drinks, events, if you do a lot of events, job interviews, obviously these shift over time. But what are the three environments that you're in mainly at the moment? Yeah. So looking at this, I would say office. Obviously, and I think a lot of people within this event would also agree. Yes. Dinners and weekends. So I think for me personally, we're at that stage where a lot of people a lot of friends are getting engaged or having weddings. So those weekend events that are perhaps a little bit more formal. And then also being active, going out, having lunch with friends. And I don't know if you're going to talk about the whole active where I go here and how that impacts your personality. But try not to do that. I would say if I just speak personally. Oh, it's so interesting you say that, Sarah, because I actually did a workshop recently for a group of women from a personal training club. And the workshop was from active where to effortless flair. Oh, we want to we wanted to try and shift them out of the active where and get them, you know, rocking their hot bods in something other than the Lycra. Yeah. And I think it is that mentality. If you are at certain that's why I think it's important to talk about your environment because if you are in certain environments do dictate what you might have to wear, but you still need to let your personal personality shine through and throughout the registration process. A lot of you actually said, you know, you might your personality and what you might want to wear might be different to the dress code that's at your organization. So for example, we had a conversation about this and the whole, you know, what is smart casual for a lot of people and a lot of organizations on the creative side are taken into back a bit and then a little bit less less formal and more casual. So what does that mean as well? You're not like that in that environment. So I think there's a lot to be said about environment and how that plays into it. You're spot on and in fact, that's the thing is I work closely with companies and I talk to the managers and they have an expectation of how their staff look and they look at the dress codes and they want them all to, you know, wear this certain level of dress for their company. But then I talk to the staff themselves and they feel a bit stifled that they're not able to express their personality because things are on the dress code that they're allowed to wear. For example, so it's about, you know, I'm the sort of in between person negotiating between the two's to make sure that everyone's happy. So environment plays a massive part. Okay. So once we figured out our environment and from Susan just on her personality, we're looking at logical, passionate and reliable. Oh, lovely Susan. We'll show you how to actually get that impact. Yes. Some of the wardrobes and now style personality. Now this is, I think everyone, people I know might have a different perception of themselves as opposed to what other people think. Do you usually find that? Oh, absolutely. I have a questionnaire for all my clients and I ask them, you know, what are your favorite features about yourself or least favorite or what do you like about the style you're expressing or dislike? And the positive, the what do you like about yourself and your personality and your style personality is often just a word or two and for what you don't want or what you want to change is often a paragraph. Wow. Yeah. So it really, it tells me that a lot of people struggle with looking at their best features and their most positive aspects and often that's why, for example, it's good to ask other people what they, how would they would describe you because often it's not the case that we feel that about ourselves. So it's great to get opinions from others. Yes. They could be completely different to what you think. Exactly. And that is the perception area of how you're perceived and how others perceive you in the personal branding that we talked about and displaying our personal brand and our authentic self is that all we need to remember is that if we're, if we discover and if we take time to really work on what is important to us and then we then learn how to express that then you're not going to please everyone. Yes. So they might still have a perception of you that's you know, not ideal, but the thing is as long as you know, you were putting your best foot forward that you're expressing your true self. And I think that's interesting and before going, before talking about this webcast and we spoke to each other, we started talking about the personality that's step one and I started to look at it and think of the three words to describe me and then realize that half my wardrobe is black. So am I really showing that personality? So for me, it was a bit of an eye-opener. It's like, oh, well, myself, I think that about me, but what I'm wearing might say a few different things. I couldn't agree more and we had this wonderful conversation everyone and look at Sarah today. She's rocking the pink. Exactly. Give it a bit of a world. Give it a bit of a world. But it'll be interesting when we ask Sarah her style words because there might be a reason why she wears a lot of black and for example today, it looks like that she's expressing more of her passion and her vibrancy. So that's why. Yeah, chosen this option. Yes. Yeah, it might have something to do with hanging around with me too. Maybe, yeah. I am the color queen. Yes. As we can see here, which we're getting to in a moment. So when it goes to style personality, there's a few words. So we want you to write down three different words that represent your style personality and here's some that I prepared earlier. Great. We have a classic, elegant and groomed and I think you're right that does play into the black side of things where I think of style icons and who I would like to imitate and I have to look at those words. However, I do need to find the fine balance between step one and step three. Don't know. That's a good point and also there is a misconception that elegant and classic words like that is only monochrome only black, white, beige. It's elegant is more of a style and also groomed obviously. So I mean, I'm sure you all agree that at Sarah is expressing all of those style words and also her personality through the jacket she's wearing. So I couldn't I couldn't ask for a better example of this three step process. I'm glad we've got a Pali as well. So bold, effortless and professional three words that work really well. Wonderful words. Yes. So hopefully you've written down step one, step two, step three. Now we need to go into what that all means. So we'll just stay on that slide for a moment because we want to see your clothes rack now. Lots of examples here about how you can express your personality through those three steps. So first of all, what are you going to show us? Yeah.  So this is why it's so good the three step process because it is breaking it down. Yeah. So looking at your three columns and then your three words from each, let's choose one word from each column and now let's walking to our wardrobe and see how we can take one step to express this today. So if you don't mind me standing up to get a bit more room to dive in. So if we had the word, for example, classic and perhaps yet polished and then something like measured or refined and perhaps evening drinks. So after work drinks, we can add a lovely tailored blazer here with some lovely piping. The thing is today it's not about color psychology colors. It's not about dressing for body shapes. What it purely is is showing examples of different items that can represent your personal brand and your personal style. One thing I love as well is here for the men online today and lots of men in our office have actually gone this way. The happy socks as well. So I just show that there the different personalities that you could represent through these as well. Exactly Sarah. And the thing is with these happy socks is this is where you can let your environment shine. So yes, you are a day in the office, but if you love sailing or you love flamingos, which these socks have flamingos on it, you can wear some happy socks that represent that. And I also have a flamingo scarf here while we're on the topic. Why not? So if this was someone's star word of bold, maybe flamboyant like the Matt Preston, and this is a great example of flinging on the flamingo. Yeah. So what you briefly mentioned color. So if I do wear something as bold as or as bright sorry as this pink, what does that tend to represent or is color something we should just avoid and just go for these three steps? Yeah. Great. Great question. It's interesting this one. What I love about this is it's the bright neon pink, but it's also quite a gorgeous tailored shirt and it's actually 100% pure silk. So it's got it's still got that elegance about it. Yeah. This is a great shirt because a similar shirt was purchased by one of my clients and it's because she was wearing a lot of corporate wear, but she actually got invited to go to Silicon Valley to meet all the heads there and she wanted to express some Polish professionalism, but she wanted to be a bit quirky a bit out there to meet all the tech heads. So this is a perfect example of a great shirt for her and then what you can do is you can add a lovely black blazer on top. If you need to sort of create a little bit more classic Polish professionalism where you can still have your little neon pink popping out there. So this is great that you can layer it up and make it work for you depending on the environment. See that? That's quite lovely, isn't it? Yeah, that black does turn it down. Yeah, exactly. So another example and this is where we can get quite creative is I had a client that her word was polished and one of her personality words was inspiring. Okay. So what does that have to do with a top like this? It's I if you look, I don't know if you can see it up close. It's got sort of glistening little sparkles. So when we look at that, that's quite for me quite inspiring. Quite it's glistening. It's polished like polished silver. It's glistens in the sun. So in a way you can really let your imagination go regarding how you can express your personality and your style personality through the clothes you wear and you could easily add a silver necklace just to add a little bit more sparkle. I think I really like the idea of that signature piece. Like you said now looking back people I know people I have known even one of my childhood friends, her mom, she is a nurse so she has to wear white all the time but she does she dyed her hair gray a long time ago and she really embraces it but orange is her signature thing. So every time I see her whether she's come home from work or whether she's out there's something orange on her and it's like her signature piece which I think is great if you do want to express a little bit of personality when you might not be allowed to if that makes sense. That's great. Yeah, exactly. And that's a good point is you know what is one thing that we can express and you can dial it up or dial it down for the occasion. What are you known for and it can shift and change for example with myself I only wear I love I've got about 20 Mac lipsticks I'm a makeup artist as well so I've got a little treasure trove which I've bought along a few today but that's my thing at the moment but that could shift and change soon but I've almost made that my signature piece like Clovermore and her choker necklace and what about yourself Sarah do you do you feel like you have a signature piece or you more shifting and changing depending on the environment I don't really think I have I think one of my less like the opposite of a signature piece is I don't wear a lot of jewellery if that makes sense so I'm sort of the opposite which I think plays into you know my style personality a bit I don't really like the over the top jewellery that I find I just don't feel comfortable in it so I've made a decision not to really wear and I'll just wear studs or something like that that's great I don't know if that's part of it yeah and in a way that's a really good point is that it doesn't necessarily mean we have to add things like what was it Coco Chanel or someone said about you know elegance is getting dressed and then removing one thing something away from that yes so and that's the thing we don't need to put more and more things on to express our personal personal style it's about choosing one or two things that really stand out and letting them talk what about the men all the gentlemen we can't leave the men no and you know I work with a lot of men and I just admire a guy that actually makes a decision to make this a priority yeah because it it really as we've discussed about first impressions and it also this is all an extension of your personality so why not show it off so with the men I'm finding in Sydney especially that dress codes at work have become a lot more casual yes so what are great ways for men to be able to be smart casual at work and still show their personality so we've got the the Navy chinos so they're great as a base and these chinos are a little bit more adventurous mustard yes love mustard they're all the rage and then pairing it with a shirt we could go for the plain blue and that's great or you can add a little print as well see the little dots here so a great thing for men is to be able to express their personality through their shirts through their socks and through a variety of other things with men there's obviously a more limited amount of wardrobe pieces that you experiment with but in a way that makes it even more exciting because you have limited choice but you can really make the most of each piece also I think it's important for men to invest in pieces that last because we want to make sure they're quite robust but also if men have limited choices then it's best to invest in those key pieces and make them last for example we've got these lovely Edward Green shoes that cost us more fortune over here but they're beautiful suede brown right lovely hand gesture I might even join you as well so these are great because a small fortune but get them rehealed every few years and they will last you you know 10 20 years even I don't know people can't it's not a suede is it yes so it's a little bit less formal than your typical leather exactly exactly and I think especially for a lot of men as well because you think in a lot of workplaces you've got casual Fridays as well so you know from 9 to 5 Monday to Thursday people dress a certain way then they really get to express themselves yes it would be good to see a little like you said that consistency so if you do have casual Fridays and all of a sudden you come dressed as a different person how do you sort of create that consistency throughout the week that's a great question yeah and the thing is with all of this is it is about picking one thing starting with one thing that you can be consistent in or a consistent color or a consistent piece and going from and going from there so for example with the men perhaps adding a blazer when needing to go to a meeting and here are some tie options as well I would love men to rock the ties a bit more I know in Sydney obviously we live on the beaches I know Melbourne is a little bit more dressier I find but there's so many great tie options and I wouldn't discount it guys it's interesting I had I did a workshop last week corporate workshop and one of the men said there that one of the global corporations which I won't name they actually have a leave the tie at the door policy wow yes so that's an interesting thing because we need to dress for the environment so if your clients for example you know maybe in the creative industry or something where they don't wear exactly a three piece suit and a tie then perhaps they may get a little bit intimidated or perhaps they will perceive you as something that you're not by what you are wearing so that's actually comes to another point is make sure you do your research make sure you do your research on where you are going who you're meeting what company you were going into and see whether you can align your your personal brand with that regarding the environment that you're in so making sure that you give yourself the advantage of making that first impression with impact great and I think you're right every environment is so different especially for people in I know you do a lot of work with young sales professionals as well you know when they're first getting into the workforce I think it's important that they understand their style but also the organization and industry they're entering entering and who they're actually going to be selling to because I think perception can be everything in that that situation I think that's a great point and in fact again I was told by a client who is quite senior at another global organization that the graduates came in the week before and she told me she was she couldn't believe her draw dropped to the ground because the graduates look like they're about to go clubbing they'll dressed in the tiniest little skirt yeah and the guys have no idea what they were wearing it just looked like a shambles and she said that perhaps that's up to the company yes to really make it clear from the outset what is expected of them of them with their style and how to present themselves so this is why dress codes are really important in a company you're having a dress code having a book that you give to new employees yep to show them what you know what is expected and we're not talking about you know you must wear a tie that's you know this many inches or you know fine line there's a fine line but at the same time just giving giving the tools to be able to work from regarding where they can start at what base they can start at and then building from there with your personality in your style great so thank you for showcasing that I hope that's given everyone out there a bit of an idea as to how things go with what and how you can start to represent your style before we go to Q&A and we've got a lot of questions that will ask before the event but please type in your questions now we mentioned some actionable takeaways so behind besides that three step process which I think is fabulous what are some things that we can go home and do as soon as we get home and just start fresh spring clean yes spring clean and how poignant that we are in spring so let's look at the challenge and I call it the DRE challenge see it's like Dr. Dre challenge yes exactly I was going yeah I was going to put up a picture of Snoop Dogg but I thought no no let's keep it let's keep the close thing going but let's think of the DRE and let's think of it as D ditch so what can you ditch when you walk into your wardrobe tonight that is not serving you is it that grey cardigan that's been sitting idle is it a shirt that's got a few little bits of rough worn edges that you just need to get rid of what is one thing that you ditch that is not serving you the R is replace replace it with something or replace that or replace something that is being well loved maybe you have those black pair of heels that you always wear to work that are looking bit scruffy maybe it is that that suit that you know is a little bit getting a bit old yes they're loved but it's time to replace them and then the E is embrace so what is one thing that you can embrace in your wardrobe that you either see in your wardrobe or you need to purchase that brings you closer to expressing your personal brand so that is a DRE yeah it sounds quite therapeutic and it can be challenging I think when the things there's a lot of charities out there when I do a wardrobe refresh I go and give a lot of my clothes to charities yes and it is sort of it does make the process a lot easier because I used to struggle in ditching any items from my wardrobe because oh yeah it'll come back in fashion you know it's a full circle it'll come back around but going out there and actually giving why you're actually going through this process I think is a great way to sort of handle it if you need some help like I do wonderful wonderful thing to say Sarah that's exactly it it makes a more palatable exactly when you know it's going to a good home yeah um so one thing I want to do now first of all is thank you for your amazing insights and advice I think it's been excellent we are going to go to some questions now and we've got a lot that have come through so we'll get to those if you do need to leave we do understand please feel free to complete the survey within that just let us know your feedback and what you thought about today's session and Annie you actually do this for a living within corporate organization so if you think there's my buzzer if you think people if you think people within your organization or your team could benefit for one of these sessions here's a little offer for people who do want to embrace it and I think making the world a more fashionable place or something that's relevant to our personality can only do good oh that's it Sarah thank you yes so I'm offering a free one-hour style audit for your company or your department so I come in have a chat to you all have a look at how your organization is presenting itself even through you know who's there on reception what are they what image are they expressing so this is a one-hour style order with a report that I will present to you or for a one-on-one a 30-minute consult so we'd love to have a chat to you I would love you to send through your images of what you've ditched yeah and yeah please keep in touch so I've got a special link anisaphi.com slash read back also I'm on social media anisaphi style on LinkedIn and Instagram anisaphi on Facebook great so some questions now so one that came through earlier how do you recover from a bad first impression that's a really great question this is the thing is that it can take hours days months years to recover from a bad first impression it really depends and that's why this is so important and to make sure that you are putting your best foot forward the thing is though all is not lost all is not lost what you need to do is read look at you know what happened we'd also know and I mean I had this issue this morning all the best laid plans can come undone I wanted to make obviously a great first impression on you all and whether you like whether I like it or not you've judged me and that's fine but I bought some beautiful Italian stockings and I had them on and then I got an enormous ladder in them and they got caught on the Manly Ferry life jacket under the seat course I did so therefore you know I obviously my priority was to make a great first impression so I ran out and got another pair of stockings but the thing is we can't control the situation but what I will say is there is one thing that you can control and that is what you wear so I really make that a priority regarding a first impression because therefore at least you are controlling and making a choice about that aspect and always be ready for the unexpected I think yes you know any you might not have meetings or you might not have to be out in the you know to see customers or something or anything in one day but just always be prepared that that might come up I think that's a good point as well that's great and Sarah Sarah and I discussed this last week there was a really a really popular post on LinkedIn regarding a man in the US with his team on a flight and they're all suited and booted with their ties and suits and he said wow it's so important to make an effort even if you're catching a flight because you never know who you're going to sit next to so he said he has he has broken deals millions and millions of dollars worth of deals just because of these off-the-cuff situations yeah but I've just suddenly come up yes never know do you and what is the impact if we don't prioritize our image do you think and that's that's similar to what we're saying before is that if you if you don't want to prioritize it then why let's look at the why there let's look at the whole personal branding elements like the passions of visions of values we all have our priorities in our life the thing is though they interweave with each other so if you're one of your priorities is to you know get that job promotion or it is to maybe meet your life partner then what what our ways that I can do what things I can do to bring me closer to that so what I'm saying though is there is one choice that we can make each day that is really simple and easy and that is how we present ourselves so I think make it a priority yeah I think just start looking at it in a way that's not this big I need to change my whole image it's about looking in your wardrobe and just choosing one thing that really resonates with you and expresses your personal brand based on those steps I think that's really exactly and branding in a less corporate environment from Susan I think we sort of touched on that by little subtle ways you know whether it's the socks or whether it is something that you know that one thing that can really help you stand down and it is your signature perhaps that's it yes and in a way it's interesting that we are becoming a little bit more casualized in the workplace so in a way that becomes even more of a gold mine and you know stepping on all sorts of things because what is appropriate it's almost too much choice yes so again looking at how we can still look polished and professional in a casual workplace so for example you're wearing the bright colored shirt but with a blazer over the top and then taking the blazer off when you're you know having morning coffee you can even do a little leopard print here as a little bit of fun but also you know keeping a heel on it with the guys you know just adding that that shirt that creates a little bit of something if you want to not stand out though that's another question is you know what if you don't want to stand out the thing is standing out doesn't mean wearing bright colors or crazy print standing out means expressing your true self standing out and making your mark that's in line with your personality and your style so if your words are you know measured logical and you know Polish professional then wow there's so many options for you to be able to express that and still stand out definitely agree well that brings us to the end and we've got one minute to go so I'll thank you again because it's been great just to hear about how we can take away these actions and actually apply them today for ourselves but also just to showcase the platform with some props I think it's the first time we've done it here so thank you so much for bringing everything in thank you everyone for joining like I said if you do want to hear more from Annie please feel free to contact her or complete the survey where you can opt in to receive more information thank you once again for joining today's webcast and we will send you a copy of the recording within 48 hours and thanks once again to our amazing host it's been great having you with us thank you Sarah and wonderful to be here with you all great enjoy the rest of your day and we'll see you next time on our business skills series


Autolight and its 98,000 dealers bring you Mr. Herbert Marshall in tonight's presentation of Suspense. Tonight, Autolight presents a story of justice as we examine a man who was suspected of having committed a perfect crime. It's called Murder by Jury, our star, Mr. Herbert Marshall. This is Harlow Wilcox. Would you like to be responsible for your local church or hospital getting a big share of $100,000 in cash? Well, a total of $100,000 will go to the recognized charities chosen by the 25 persons selected in the Autolight family charity drawing. To enter is as simple as signing your name and address, and that's all you do. Now, it's our privilege to have you hear what the head of one of America's finest health organizations says about this great event. Here is Mr. Mark H. Harrington, president of the National Tuberculosis Association. Autolight is performing a wonderful service. If you're one of the 25 selected, I hope you'll remember the National Tuberculosis Association, which needs your help to conquer our number one infectious killer. Good luck in this Autolight family charity drawing. Fill out a registration form at any of the following Autolight family car dealers, DeSoto, Hudson, Plymouth, Studebaker, Dodge, Willis, Nash, Packard, Kaiser or Chrysler, and sign up tomorrow. And now, Autolight presents Murder by Jury, starring Mr. Herbert Marshall, hoping once again to keep you in suspense. Pardon me, sir. To be sure I understood you, you did say a snake. Yes, sir. A snake. Possibly, Mr. Mason, you could describe the snake. Yes, it was gray with a sort of red-mottling dark plum colored. I see. Go on, please. Underneath, it was raised up toward me, you know, its head ready to strike well. Underneath was grayish, but lighter, almost white in the center. Now, was there anything else you remember about this snake, Mr. Mason? It was big. It was as thick as my two wrists put together. And then according to your statement of the police, you seized the snake just below its head with both hands. Would you kind of show the jury the position of your hands? Yes, thank you.  Is that correct? Yes, that's about it. And I felt the snake twisting and squirming under me trying to get away, you know. And then you woke up? Yes, sir. I woke up. I was kneeling beside my bed. It was my wife's neck which was in my hands. It was her throat I was squeezing. What did you do when you realized this? There was nothing I could do. She was already dead. I'd killed her. His name was Edward Mason, and he was on trial for the murder of his wife, Frida. I was counsel for the crown in those days. It was just about the nastiest case I'd ever had. One, should I suppose, beginner to beginning. That was on the first day of the trial. McCray was defending the accused, and he began his defense by questioning the police inspector who was in charge of the case. The inspector was normally a witness for the crown. Would you give us a brief account of your investigations, Inspector? I will, sir. The accused was residing with his wife at the Clintonian Hotel at Chathamon Sea in Norfolk. On the night in question, the manager, two servants and some guests, were aroused by horrible screams and mating from the Mason Room. On reaching said room, they found it to be opened by Mr. Edward Mason, who appeared in a state of great excitement. I'll continue, Inspector. Yes, sir. He was in a state of great excitement. And while looking, he kept looking at his hands and saying over and over again, I killed her, or I strangled her. Uh, one or the other, Inspector? No, sir. He said both. Over and over. Then he never attempted to deny that he had killed his wife. No, sir. He did not. Thank you, Inspector. That's all. Cross-examination? You have before you the statement made by the accused, Inspector. Yes, sir. I call your attention to the following remarks made by the accused during your questioning. Yes, sir. I had had a dream about a snake. I tried to strangle it, and when I woke up, I found I had strangled my wife. This was a dream that I'd had before, but I'd never done anything like this. I'd never killed anyone. Those are the words of Mr. Edward Mason. Are they not? Yes, sir. They are. What was your reaction when you heard them? I thought it was a lot of rubbish. Objection, my lord. Objection sustained. They kindly contain your remarks to a dignity fitting this court, Inspector. I'm sorry, my lord. I'm of the opinion, my lord, that before the Crown's case is concluded, the accused's carefully prepared statement will be termed just such. A tissue of lice and a complete fabrication. Thank you, Inspector. That'll be all. Then Mrs. Mason's brother was put in the box. He was a hefty chap with a bull neck and hands like a pair of warming pants covered with red hair. His name was Hector Easterday, and we knew that he didn't like his brother-in-law. Didn't like him at all. I thought he was going to be a strong witness for the prosecution, and for a time it looked as though he would be. Very well, Mr. Easterday. Now tell us. Were the police made aware of the fact that Mason had ensured his wife's life for 10,000 pounds? They knew, and if you'd known Edward Mason, you'd have realized it was just like him. He knew what he was going to do to her a long time ago. Do you think that she had any idea of it, Mr. Easterday? Objection, my lord. Council is leading the witness. Council will kindly refrain from leading the witness. Sorry, my lord. Mr. Easterday, had she ever confided any fears to you? Well, I wouldn't say that, but she knew. She knew all right. And last year there was another woman. And between that and the money, that's why he killed her. Thank you, Mr. Easterday. That will be all. You spoke of a life assurance policy, Mr. Easterday. I did. Did you know that they had each ensured the other's life? Not an uncommon practice for married couples these days. Also that the insurance was by no means recent. It was taken out when they were first married, and had been successively increased. You spoke of another woman, Mr. Easterday. Did Mrs. Mason tell you about that? Not exactly, but I knew. Oh, and how did you know? I could tell. Oh, you could tell. You are then clairvoyant. You could tell. Possibly you hired detectives to follow Mr. Mason. Possibly you followed him yourself. The defense counsel tore him to bits, made him sound like a nasty-minded prurient busybolly who had never liked the accused and never lost an opportunity to blacken his character. Nevertheless, making a fool out of a witness is a two-aged weapon. And I could see that the jury, although not in sympathy with Easterday, still felt that there might be more than a word of truth in what he implied. You couldn't argue away insurance. Mason did stand to collect 10,000 pounds by his wife's death. But did he murder her? That's what they were thinking. You could see it. And they waited for him to take the witness box. And when my turn came for cross-examination, I made him go through the whole thing again. When I woke up, I was kneeling beside my bed. It was my wife's neck, it was in my hands, and it was her throat I was squeezing. What would you do when you saw this? There was nothing I could do.  I see. Now you have admitted small quarrels between yourself and your wife. I have married life is like that.  Most people do. But there were quarrels which were more serious. Perhaps less likely to be made up. No. You were happy. I loved my wife.  Quite so. Now, as far as the insurance is concerned, you gradually increased it until it reached the amount of 10,000 pounds on your wife's life. Yes, I did. As a matter of fact, it was about, oh, three or four years ago that I'd done rather well in business, and that's when I increased the premiums. But more recently, you'd been in some difficulty. Financially, I mean. Things had become rather slow, yes. I couldn't afford to buy any more insurance, I know that. But you hadn't reduced the amount on your wife. No, sir, that would have been unsound, quite unsound and uneconomical. In fact, then, your business position would have improved considerably in the event of your wife's death and the money received from the insurance. I did not say that, sir. But is it not the case, Mr. Mason? Nothing could be worth the loss of my wife.  Yes, I did. Do you know the woman referred to by Mr. Easterday? There was no woman. Do you wish to refresh your memory, Mr. Mason? Last year. Perhaps it escapes you. There was no other woman. You still maintained that the cause of your wife's death was due to the recurrent dream you had. Yes, I do. It went on like that, and I couldn't shake him. He never contradicted himself and never sounded too glib. If he was lying, I knew that the court was of the opinion that it was some of the most perfect and painstaking lying they'd ever heard. Then Mason's sister was called as a witness. She was a grey-haired middle-class intellectual about two years older than the defendant. It didn't take long for her to come to her mother's defense. Will you state in your own words the event that took place between you and your brother, please? Indeed, I most certainly will. I think that it's criminal. Objection, my lord. Objection, sir Stain. Ms. Mason, strict adherence to facts is the object of the court. Kindly abstain from all subjective feeling, if you will. Well, I was going to say that when we were children, he was eight then, I was only ten, we slept in the same room, and one night it was after we'd gone to see Peter Pan, and Edward was frightened by the crocodile. You probably remember how frightening that was. It was that night that he awakened, and he was dreaming that a crocodile was chasing him, and he tried to strangle it, and when he woke up, he was strangling me. It was perfect timing. The accused gave way, buried his face in his hands, and sobbed as though his heart would break. The jury, even Mr. Justice Forpore, were visibly shaken. I could see the case for the crown disappearing down the drain. More than that, I could begin to see a man who had committed a perfect murder going scot-free. Auto Light is bringing you Mr. Herbert Marshall in Murder by Jury, tonight's presentation in Radio's outstanding Theatre of Thrill's Suspense. Say, here's a new 54 Willis. Stunning, isn't it, Mr. Wilcox? Oh, hi, Mr. Drake. Is this yours? Sure is. When I saw this car, I fell in love with it. And when I saw the price tag, I just couldn't resist. Well, we're privileged to salute Willis as a member of our Auto Light family. So, let's hear more about your new Willis, Mr. Drake. Well, it's not only beautiful and economical, but that wonderful hurricane engine is a bundle of power. Much more power than ever before. Uh-huh. What model is this? It's the brand-new Arrow Lock. And Willis also has the luxury hardtop Arrow Eagle and the lovely Arrow Ace with that unmatched Willis visibility. And don't forget the famous Jeep and the first all-steel-bodied station wagon.  I sure do. And Auto Light is proud of its long association with Willis and Willis dealers everywhere. And now, Auto Light brings back to our Hollywood soundstage Mr. Herbert Marshall in Elliot Lewis' production of Murder by Jury, a tale well-calculated to keep you in suspense. Mr. Edward Mason was given half an hour to recover following his outburst. Then the trial continued. His sister remembered every detail of the matter. And even when I made her go through her story again, she remembered... He was an awfully strong boy, you know, even at eight, very strong. And I'm sure if Nurse hadn't come in when she did, well, I don't really care to think about what might have happened. Would you mind telling the court your age, Miss Mason? Oh. Is that necessary, my lord? Is it necessary, counsel? There is a point involved, my lord. Very well. Recognizing the delicacy of the question, the witness is still directed to answer. I'm not ashamed of it, of course. I just... And your age, Miss Mason? 54. Thank you. Now, you have every detail of your brother's attack firmly in your mind. That is so, isn't it? If I live to be 80, I shall never forget it. Yet this was 44 years ago and you asked us to believe that the incident is still indelibly etched in your mind. Indelibly, sir. Absolutely. It was a long time ago, but such an experience is not likely to be forgotten. Of course, I forgave Edward. It wasn't his fault, and furthermore... How fortunate that you are still alive to forgive him, Miss Mason. His wife, Mars the Pity, is not. No further questions, my lord. The witness may step down. It was a telling point for the defense. They had proved to the jury, at least, that the accused had, years ago, repeated the act of strangulation during a dream. The next witness I'd like to forget. She was a surprise to the crown and a rather nasty one. Her name was Amy Burke, an extremely self-possessed young lady in her early 30s. She had already made a tremendous impression on the court. Correct me if I'm wrong, Miss Burke. You've stated in this court of justice that three years ago, you accused Mr Edward Mason at a seaside resort, Broadstairs. Yes, sir, I did. Was his wife aware of this meeting? I don't know. Well, I don't think so. She wasn't with him. Like I told the other gentleman, he was there alone for a few days. Quite so. Now, for my benefit, would you repeat the incident which occurred during your first meeting? I'd be ever so glad to. We were walking on the sand. It was very nice. Perfectly all right, don't you know? Talking about his wife, as I remember, she was with friends in Devon. Yes. Go on, please. Well, it was a hot day, and we sat down for a bit. The next thing I knew, he was asleep. I believe you said with his head in your lap. Oh, no. I put his head in my lap while he was sleeping. He was getting sand in his hair. Well, it was all perfectly proper and all. He didn't even know it. Please continue. Well, I got a bit drowsy myself, and the next thing I knew, I was asleep, too.  That's right, but all very proper. Mr Mason is a gentleman. What took place then? Well, he started to choke me. It was something horrible. When I woke up, he was leaning over me with his hands about my throat, and I couldn't breathe.  Oh, yes, I managed. What did he say to you after that? Well, it was like he was just waking up, you know? And, oh, he was terribly upset. Tell me about a dream, a snake in it. Of course, I was dreadfully angry and frightened. You can imagine. Oh, yes. But after he paid you ten pounds to soothe your feelings, the anger subsided, did it not? He was a gentleman about it, if that's what you mean. So much so that you didn't pursue the matter further. A stranger tries to merly when he pays you ten pounds, not to report the matter to the police. No, it wasn't the ten pounds. He was sorry. It wasn't well. I could see that, and I felt sorry for him. This took place three years ago, Miss Burke. That's right. And yet here you are today, nobody is springing to his defence. The event must have made quite an impression on you. Or perhaps Mr Mason did. Mr Mason is a gentleman. He didn't want me to come here at all. I said I had to after I read about what happened. Mr Cray over there talked him into letting me come here.   That it never happened. Although I don't doubt that you are familiar with the accused. I put it to you that your testimony has been bought and paid for. And that you have deliberately perjured yourself in the witness box. It's a ruddy insult. Oh, my lord, I protest. Counsel is badgering the witness most unfairly. Silence in the court. You will confine yourself to stated fact. Refrain from badgering the witness. Yes, my lord. Can I go now? Not for a moment, Miss Burke. Did you see Mr Edward Mason again after that day? I never set eyes on him again till today in court. And that's the truth. And you ask us to believe that this story you've just told us is given of your own volition, that you at no time given a prepared statement by interested parties that this event actually took place. I wouldn't be likely to forget it. It's true. Every word of it. Very well. That's all, Miss Burke. The witness is excused. Dr Regal to the witness box, please. McCrae had us. I knew what was coming. It was perfect. And there wasn't a thing that I could do to prevent it. Dr Regal was a small, intense little man with heavy grasses. The jury looked at him and they were impressed. When he said he'd tell the truth of nothing but the truth, they believed him.  Dr Regal, will you tell us if you'll recognize anyone in this courtroom? Yes, sir. That young lady over there. Miss Burke. I believe there is her name. Anyone else? The gentleman there. The accused, Mr Mason? Yes, sir. Will you tell the court upon what occasion you had the opportunity of meeting these two people? Well, it was about three years ago. I have the date and attendance diary. Just a moment. Ah, the 16th of July. That was it. Mr Mason brought the young lady to my office during the afternoon. Miss Burke? Yes, sir. It was half past three. He asked me to look at her throat. I see. And what did you find when you looked at her throat? Bruises. They were not dangerous, but I treated them. And after that? I never saw them again. The bill was paid? Yes, Mr Mason paid in cash before he left. Thank you, doctor. That will be all. Cross-examine. No questions. That was all. There wasn't any use in cross-examining what was so obvious in truth. Counsel for the defense made a brilliant and short summation. I made a not so short, and I'm afraid far from brilliant summation for the crown. Mr Justice Faubourg gave his instructions and the jury never hesitated. They were tired for only a few moments. With your worship's permission, we have already reached the verdict. Very well. What is your verdict? We find the accused, Mr Edward Mason, not guilty of the charge. He's guilty!   He ought to be hanged! Sergeant Adams, put that man under arrest! Silence! Silence! The dead woman's brother thought that Mason was guilty, and I knew he was one of the most cold-blooded, successful murderers we ever failed to hang. It was about six months later that we found the proof, and then it was too late. I talked it over with the director of public prosecutions in his office. There's nothing we can do. I suppose had I been on the jury, I should have brought in the same verdict. We have to assume the man was innocent. He was guilty, sir. My dear fellow. Surely Mason didn't start to plot the murder of his wife at the age of eight. No, no, no. But he did decide to about three years ago, and he took a precaution before he did so. I don't follow you. He knew his sister remembered the strangling incident during their childhood, and all he had to do was to repeat the dream strangling with someone else. The Burke woman. But how did she... All from her point, it was all quite innocent. She didn't know it was in his mind. She didn't go too far with her, just enough to produce some convincing bruises. Then he took her to the doctor and paid the bill. That was all true. Well... You remember, he admitted at that time doubling his wife's insurance. Then he sat back to wait until he felt the moment had come to kill her. Assuming you're right. There's the Burke woman. If he never saw her again, how did he know where to find her to appear for him? He didn't look for her, sir. She was telling the truth. But he knew where to find her, all right. Those three witnesses did the job for him. His sister, he could always find. The doctor, easily traceable, a medical directory. But Miss Burke, a girl like that might... Well, she might move about a great deal. She did. So the method he adopted to keep in touch with her was to send her ten pounds a month, anonymously. So long as she kept him notified as to her whereabouts, he would continue to send her the money. But if she had to notify him when she moved, surely she must have known who he was. Not at all, sir. A post office box under an assumed name. He kept it up for three years and she didn't ask any questions. Why should she? Blas. You're certain of all this? I'm afraid I am, sir. And it seems a pity you didn't have the information during the trial. We didn't know anything about her until McCray brought her in. And we can't try Mason again for the same offence. He's done it, Peyton. The perfect murder. It was about two months later that I saw the paragraph hidden away on an inside page of the Times. I made a telephone call and then went to the office of the director of public prosecutions. I'll be blown. It appears that Mr. Edward Mason had been staying in a little hotel in Cornwall. And yesterday when the maid came in with his morning tea, she found the window unlatched and the balcony rail broken. It's a 50-foot drop to the rocks below. Mason? He wasn't in his room. We found the body below. I'll be blessed. Justice. I'll be blessed. I don't know what side you think. I don't know. Probably an accident since there was no sign of foul play. Possibly he stumbled and fell. Now there is one curious coincidence. What's that? The dead woman's brother. Hector Easterday. Yes. Well, it's a rather curious coincidence. Hector Easterday occupied the room next door. Suspense. Presented by AutoLite, tonight's star, Mr. Herbert Marshall. This is Harlow Wilcox again. Remember, you now have a wonderful opportunity to do your favorite local or national, recognize charity, the favor of a lifetime. If you're one of the 25 persons selected in the huge AutoLite family charity drawing, you can name any recognized charity you wish to receive a big share of $100,000 in cash. Those charities can be schools, hospitals, churches, the National Tuberculosis Association, or any other recognized charity. So, if you're 18 years or over, visit any of the following AutoLite family car showrooms. DeSoto, Hudson, Plymouth, Studebaker, Dodge, Willis, Nash, Packard, Kaiser, or Chrysler. Your name and address on the drawing registration form and have the car dealer sign it. That's all. Nothing to buy, try, or sell. So visit any AutoLite family car showroom and sign up tomorrow. Next week, a story based on fact. The search for an animal capable of destroying a city who's bite, if not immediately treated, is 100% fatal. It's called The Barking Death, our star, Mr. William Powell. That's next week on Suspense. Murder by Jury was written by Michael Gilbert and adapted for suspense by Anthony Ellis. Suspense is produced and directed by Elliot Lewis with music composed by Lucian Morrowick and conducted by Lut Bluskin. Featured in the cast were Joseph Kearns, Ben Wright, William John Stone, Herb Butterfield, Richard Peale, Norma Barton, Betty Harford, and Keith McConnell. Herbert Marshall may soon be seen co-starring Anthony Curtis in the Universal International Cinemascope Technicolor Picture, Men of Iron. And remember, next week, Mr. William Powell in The Barking Death. This is the CBS Radio Network.


Hello and welcome to this presentation of the STM32 nested vectored interrupt controller or NVIC. We will be presenting the features of this controller. The interrupt controller belongs to the Cortex-M4 CPU enabling a closed coupling with a processor core. The main features are 102 interrupt sources, 16 programmable priority levels, low latency exception and interrupt handling, automatic nesting, power management control. Applications can benefit from dynamic prioritization of the interrupt levels, fast response to the requests thanks to low latency responses and tail chaining as well as from vector table relocation. All interrupts including the core exceptions are managed by the NVIC. The NVIC and the processor core interface are closely coupled which ensures a low interrupt latency and enables the efficient processing of late arriving interrupts. Access to the NVIC's control and status registers is performed through the private peripheral bus or ppb internal to the Cortex-M4 CPU. The NVIC provides a fast response to interrupt requests allowing an application to quickly serve incoming events. An interrupt is handled without waiting for the completion of a long instruction sequence. These instructions will be either restarted or resumed upon the interrupt return. The priority assigned to each interrupt request is programmable and can be dynamically changed. The vector table containing the address of the exception handlers can also be relocated which allows the system designer to adapt the placement of the interrupt service routines to the application's memory layout. For instance, the vector table can be relocated in RAM. Software is in charge of assigning a priority level to each interrupt as well as to all exception sources not including reset, non-maskable interrupt or NMI and heart fault. Whenever a peripheral interrupt is requested at the same time as a supervisor call instruction is executed, the relative priority of these hardware and software exceptions will dictate which one will be taken first. Regarding the STM32G4, NMI is caused by an SRAM parity error, a flash double ECC error or clock failure. The priority of any of the 102 peripheral interrupt requests is programmable in a dedicated priority field located in Cortex-M4 NVIC registers. The NVIC provides several features for efficient handling of exceptions. When an interrupt is served and a new request with higher priority arrives, the new exception can preempt the current one. This is called nested exception handling. The previous exception handler resumes execution after the higher priority exception is handled. A microcode present in the Cortex-M4 automatically pushes the context to the current stack and restores it upon interrupt return. When an interrupt request with lower or equal priority is raised during execution of an interrupt handler, it becomes pending. Once the current interrupt handler is finished, the context saving and restoring process is skipped and control is transferred directly to the new exception handler to decrease interrupt latency. So back-to-back interrupts with decreasing priorities are chained with a very short latency of a few clock cycles. When an interrupt arrives, the processor first saves the program context before executing the interrupt handler. If the processor is performing this context saving operation when an interrupt of higher priority arrives, the processor switches directly to handling the higher priority interrupt when it's finished saving the program context. Then, tail chaining will be used prior to executing the IRQB interrupt service routine. When all the exception handlers have been run and no other exception is pending, the processor restores the previous context from the stack and returns to normal application execution. When a fault occurs while executing either the bus fault handler or the memory management fault handler or the usage fault handler, the processor escalates this event to the hard fault handler. Note that bus fault, memory management fault, and usage fault have to be explicitly enabled. By default, any fault leads to the hard fault handler. When a fault occurs while executing the hard fault handler, the processor enters a state named lockup. It asserts the lockup output to indicate that it has encountered a serious non-recoverable error. In the STM32G4 microcontroller, this lockup output is internally connected to timer break inputs so that a safe state can be entered when the STM32G4 is used to control a power electronic equipment such as a motor. When accessing the NVIC registers, ensure that your code uses a correctly aligned register access. An aligned access is not supported for NVIC registers as well as all memory mapped registers located in the Cortex-M4. An interrupt becomes pending when the source asks for service. Disabling the interrupt only prevents the processor from taking that interrupt. Make sure the related interrupt flag is cleared before enabling the interrupt vector. Before relocating the vector table using the VTR register, ensure that fault handlers, NMI, and all enabled interrupts are correctly set up on the new location. The NVIC is linked with the timers and the Cortex-M4 CPU modules. Please refer to the related presentations. For detailed information, please refer to the programming manual for the Cortex-M4 core and the reference manual of the STM32G4.


Dear students, in this topic, we shall discuss the reciprocal altruism. The animals occasionally behave altruistically toward unrelated individuals. This altruistic behavior is actually in expectation of return of favor in future, that is reciprocity. For example, a baboon may help an unrelated companion in a fight. Or a wolf, a wolf who is not related at all can offer food. This is an example of reciprocal altruism. Reciprocal altruism is limited to only those species which have stable social groups, for example chimpanzees and humans and some other mammals. In such groups, individuals are likely to meet again and get the chance to exchange it. Dear students, reciprocal altruism is also associated with negative consequences. Because if favors are not returned to the individual who had been helpful in past, such unreciprocated behavior is referred to as cheating by behavioral ecologists. It occurs because cheating may benefit the cheater substantially. It may be useful to not help anyone at all, so cheating is done. However, the reciprocal altruism dominates over cheating behavior. This is explained by the game theory which involves a behavioral strategy which is called tit for tat. In this strategy, an individual treats other in the same way it was treated in their last encounter. In other words, the way it was treated is treated in the same way it was treated in the last encounter. It is called tit for tat. Individuals adopting tit for tat behavior are always altruistic i.e. cooperative on their first encounter with the other. This remains so. Cooperative behavior can continue as long as their altruism is reciprocated. However, when the cooperation is not reciprocated, individuals employ tit for tat i.e. they retaliate immediately. However, cooperative behavior returns as soon as other individual becomes cooperative.