Appalachian Wireless is Appalachian Advantage. Unlimited text talk and two gigs of data for as low as $45 a month. Or if you like, get five lines on eight gigs of data for just $145 a month. Sea store for details. Better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless and East Kentucky Network Company. This is a time that we all look forward to every Halloween and it's Halloween. We always have to win. We win it every year multiple times. I love Halloween. Get out of our way. On Monday evening hundreds of serious Halloween participants throughout Pikeville drove around listening to their radios as clues to hidden tokens were read one by one. When the wolves go to park they should stay out of the church and lawyer spaces. It literally is a game that is played by everybody from three to 93 and that's part of what makes it so much fun. For more than 40 years East Kentucky Broadcasting's Halloween scavenger hunt has been an event people mark on their calendars and memories are made that last a lifetime. Third grade with my dad we were actually hopping the fence at the gymnasium to get to the health department and I actually failed but he found the clue so it was all worth the pain. My memories of Halloween go back to probably pre-junior high when all my friends got to go out and hunt for what at that time were wooden nickels that we used to hide. As times changed those wooden nickels evolved and Halloween hunters now search for CDs with a special sticker and while many people can recall being a Halloween hunter for decades nobody really knows when it started. A few years ago we were contacted by someone who said they played when they were a Pikeville College student in 1970 and their memory was very strong that they participated so I think we're fair to pick that year as Halloween definitely happened then. Did it happen before then? We're not sure. I guess it's appropriate that that's a Halloween mystery. In Pikeville I'm Shannon Deskins for EKB News.


Righty, I have a construction update for you guys today and things are getting even more interesting. So over in Kidsville, we have some last-minute little refurbishment going on in that old store slash kid's center Near the theater and some new bricks going in as well from what I can tell It's really hard to tell from this angle can't really make out what they're doing in all around that tent theater But that's my prediction over at the old tunnel they are officially Completed with driving in those steel piles and putting in the concrete formations So that is officially done And later on the day they're kind of like making them more visible and this machine also is getting packed up and ready to Leave or go to a different part of the park for a different project So we'll have to see what happens with this machine. It is a really oversized machine that they typically don't use on coaster construction Unless it's a really high stress area that needs a really deep footing, but typically they can use Larger excavators with drill bits on them to make footings So I wouldn't be surprised if we did see this machine leaving it wouldn't necessarily mean there's no coaster footing construction going on With that being said the new coke refresh station, which is my prediction doesn't mean it necessarily is going to be that Coming along nicely. I do have some confirmations for you guys. So Here's some tea amusement insiders tea So I do have confirmation that tiny toms will be staying at the park and be moving to a different location And I think I know the location. I'll show you that when we get a shot of that The Backlot restaurant is actually just getting a refurbishment a pretty big refurbishment To be a lot more like lazy bear lodge in terms of guest flow So that's gonna be really cool to see and that'll help with a lot of those lines So really excited to see what that looks like And everything else. I guess I'm hearing rumblings in the rumor mill that the food festivals are canceled this year So there are some entertainment budget cuts happening As you can tell the park is spending a lot of money elsewhere So with that comes some budget cuts in the park and obviously entertainment is probably going to be the first department to receive those budget cuts, so Everything else in terms of construction they were packing up the drill bits as you just saw a little bit earlier at the first maintenance tunnel Not necessarily sure that is going to be just a maintenance tunnel now As there are some signs that we might be looking at the actual maintenance tunnel on the other side So there's signs that that second tunnel is going to actually be either a maintenance tunnel With shipping and receiving in there as well because there is a loading dock style thing being built on the left side of The inner part of that tunnel And there's some curbs being constructed as well The only really confusing factor going on right now with that second tunnel construction is The fact that they're Such high walls are being constructed So the other aspect of this could be they're gonna temporarily use that as a loading dock and dropping off dock for track supports Or whatever they need to bring in and then they're gonna turn it into whatever is coming outside of the mountain Because we can't ignore the fact that the coaster could still just be coming out of that first maintenance tunnel and heading over to Extreme and going back in and the Elpin area construction as you see on the screen right now has nothing to do with the new coaster With that being said Thunder Runs exit is completely demolished and the footings are ripped up up until about the mountain skirt The old little arcade building next to the sprite basketball game looks like it could be what's becoming tiny Tom's Donuts But that is pure speculation. I have not heard confirmation of that. So please take that as speculation Most of the buildings are down except for the little power room of the old Thunder Run station So a little curious as to what they're gonna do with that and here is that really clear shot of what they're doing making the Steel piles super visible on the top. So we'll see what they're gonna do with that outside of that Not much else to report on. Thanks for watching this construction update really excited to show you guys What's gonna happen next week? Have a good one guys. Enjoy your weekend and your March break. Bye


Hey guys, this is my season review of Supernatural Season 6. The season that, well until Season 12 came around was regarded as one of the worst with Season 7 being the super worst. This is the season that had the very, very, very difficult task of following up from Season 5 being the best season the show ever produced. It already is going in with a handicap. Even with some of the shortcomings that the season does have, it tries. It just takes a bit to get really going. It starts off with probably the worst season opener I think in the show's history, at least as far as I can remember.  And then you slowly get introduced into the multitude of storylines that they are trying to choose. The monsters coming together with Grandpa Campbell and Solace Sam trying to find all of these alphas for Crowley all in the hope to try and find the door to Perpetory, which eventually connects to Castiel's participation in the story being his battle for heaven against Raphael. And it turns out that Castiel needs Solace to beat Raphael, ergo the door to Perpetory. And because of all these actions, the mother of all appears and then disappears very shortly afterwards to try and combat against Crowley and she's just kind of pissed with what they're doing so they want to blow up the world. Season 6 takes a long time to get going. The first half of it is quite messy. It's very directionless. You don't care for a lot of the storyline elements that are going on.  Once they eventually do solve it through the mid-season finale and the episode before it, which is actually pretty good, I do like the Caged Heat episode is definitely one of my top five. And then the appointment with Samara being the episode where Dean gets to be death for a day, death then in turn puts Sam's soul back in him. That's when the season actually does turn around and it starts to really delve into some decent alternate worlds, some really cool funny storylines. The funniest episode, at least one of the funniest episodes of the show ever produced being the French Mistake, happens in this season. We've got the Frontierland, which is also another kind of alternative story we have. My heart will go on where Balthazar went back in time and saved the Titanic. It was an attempt to try and get the souls for Castiel's war, but it also turned into an alternate storyline with some final destination. Oh, we also had some Star Trek alumni. We had frickin' Freddy Krueger in the season. The second half of this season really does bring it back up. It still actually does, at least in my rating system, have a lower rating than that of season one. Season one finished off with a 69% nice. This one ends with a 65%. That was definitely saved by the latter half. Second half isn't without its own bad episodes.  It has story elements, but it doesn't. It's a Monster the Week episode, but it's not.  It's the worst episode of this season by far, and so that dips them quite a bit.  I really did not like his character. He's whiny, he's hypocritical. These are things that Dean has always been, but he is really digging into these aspects that you don't like about him. He's near-unsufferable. I am hoping that changes. I think it does change once he goes to purgatory at least. So overall, season six is definitely given a lot more flack than it should receive. It just so happened to come after the best season the show ever had. Dean asked to take that bullet, but thankfully it does have a lot more to it than I even remembered.  And it does have a little bit more lore in the background, especially with the alphas and whatnot. As we're going forward, make sure to keep an eye out in terms of the alpha business. Something that someone brought up to me that is if an alpha dies, that would mean that the entire race dies, supposedly. But then that kind of is kind of broken because if you would have that idea, wouldn't the mother dying, wouldn't then all of the other monsters die? Something else that this season does have a very lacking feature is that this villain that they built up to be quite, like I thought that if there was anything that could kind of follow up Lucifer as another big bad, the mother of all monsters is a pretty good replacement, but then they just kill her. Quickly. Sure, it was interesting that it didn't happen in the season finale and there is a different storyline with Castiel's betrayal and the breaking of the friendship of freedom. It does kind of come at an unfortunate point, especially when we were only just slowly starting to get invested in this element of the story. So my overall rating for season six is going to be a four out of seven.  Like many remember it to be. It's just OK. It has good parts. It has bad parts, but it's solid with what it's trying to be. And it has at least two seven out of sevens from me. I didn't think I was going to give any in this season, so definitely going to give credit where credit's due. But those are my thoughts about the season. What do you guys have to say? Let's see what you guys have to say about this season. Really anticipating your top best and worst episodes for a ranking for the season. I feel like season six more than maybe any other season is extremely obvious about which episodes they actually put love and thought into and which ones that makes it plainly obvious they were just trying to milk a dead cow. The contrast is honestly very jarring to me. I can agree with this statement quite well, Stoneheart. I think you're pretty much dead on.  The first time I watched season six, I remember being really disappointed. I knew that season five was supposed to be the last, but I was open to the idea of the show continuing because at this point there was enough Lord in the Bible to be explored and expand. I wanted to see less epic, but still good storylines of biblical lore like God tablets or Evelyn Cain. And I got that in Jeremy Carver's era. Unfortunately, Sarah Gamble didn't want that. I know I keep hammering it, but it's so true. She hated demons and angels. All she wanted was weird monsters commentary about the human behavior. This is even more evident in the next season where she completely ditches Castiel. Here it shows the most when she is trying to make a villain as lame as Eve come off as a more powerful than the angels and I never buy it, not even for a second. In general, the characters and monsters she was pushing for them the most for the audience, like the Campbells, Lisa and Ben, those are the characters I hated the most. However, whenever Sarah did what she did best at Supernatural, aka making one off episodes like French Mistake in Frontierland, the season becomes freaking great. In fact, I had always liked what I always liked about season six with the episodes that weren't connected to the weird mother of all plotline. After experiencing the abomination that was the dab air, I came to appreciate season six for what it was. Don't get me wrong, it's not a good season. I, in fact, would rate it four out of 10 or 40% of this season. But 40% of the season is solid. Season six is like the Batman Forever Supernatural. And I mean them the best way. It's not the worst, but it's certainly lighter in tone and not entirely as epic as what came before. But like Batman Forever or Terminator 3, I came to appreciate this season for what it is, a fun, cheesy time that keeps you interested enough to continue watching the show. Side note, there's a season, there's an episode in season eight that completely disintegrates the main purgatory plotline between Castellan and Crowley. Keep that in mind when I pointed out in season eight, because I don't think people have realized that retcon and no one is talking about it. Yes, no, there is a definite distinction between the episodes that are like good one offs. Now, admittedly, before I rewatched this season, I had slightly changed my opinion about this season after watching the dab air. I have not rewatched this entire season in full. This was the first time I have done it since I watched it all as it aired, but rewatching while as we were watching the dab air, I was thinking maybe I was too harsh on season six and I kind of came to realize that it was true. Season six for me has always been best to describe as a slow burn. To me, it always gets better upon rewatch. The first half is where Jared Padalecki shines through. It's a bumpy reboot of Sam and Dean getting back together, hunting monsters and not dealing with a global threat being thrust upon their shoulders. I love the mystery element of everyone distrusting each other. And I still love Dean's relationship with Ben and Lisa, regardless of the punchline I am for it. The saving grace of this first half of the season will always be the introduction of the alpha monsters. The second half is naturally the strongest where we get to the meat of the answers being revealed of what the chess game is really going on while Sam and Dean are caught in the crossfire. I love the progression of season five that it all comes down to a desperate angel that is power driven to proclaim godhood, not to let the events of season one to five reoccur at its roots. It's the intelligent for the show to have that that angel be castiel and how his portrayal deeply affects Sam and Dean emotionally and physically. Eric Kripke may have stepped down as executive producer and took a gamble to make Sarah the showrunner, but I personally feel that she was happy to deliver. The first time I watched it, it felt jarring, but that's to be expected with new changes to writers and as a new showrunner. Thankfully, the hate has cooled down for the most part because it's a perfect segue for me during the events of season seven. I will say, yeah, Sarah Gamble was probably the only person I would have thought of to continue on the legacy of the show. And as I said for the other comment, yeah, I think that this season gets a lot more hate than it deserves because there are some really good episodes in it. Season seven, we'll see. To me, season six, even though it has its problems, the season is still decent, unlike the dabber of the show. I do get that Sarah Gamble wanted to try something different for the show. And you know what, you can try something different and maybe not all of it fails. But the fact that not all of it did, there were still some really great ideas in here that should be commended. Thank you for reading my comment in the video. You're making a great contribution to Supernatural. I respect that. And of course, I mean a worthy contribution to the fan. I'm not the Destialic fans contribute. Oh, God, that must be forgotten. Well, thank you. I'm happy I'm not on that same level, but thank you for enjoying the video. I hope you enjoy the others because we got season seven, eight, nine and 10 to continue and finish. Even so, I haven't rewatched season six of Supernatural in a really long time and only for my opinion, based on your reviews, Jeremy. I have to say that there are quite a few things that worked in the season, although there are some major disappointments. The major problem with the season to me is that it's way too overstuffed. You have Soul of the Sam plot line, Alpha Monsters, mother of all plot line, Angel, Civil War, between Cass and Raphael plot line in the search for Purgatory plot line. This is way too much for one season. I think season six wouldn't have been a mess if you would cut out some stuff out and use that for next season or in seasons. A story about Soul of the Sam alone could have easily carried the season, in my opinion. I give the season six of Supernatural, five out of 10 or four out of seven. It's not good, but it's not bad. It's just pretty mediocre. I don't think that Soul of the Sam could have held the whole season. You need a little bit more meat for that because it's a little bit of a personal story. You need something, kind of an overarching story to keep going on, but yes, it definitely is overstuffed. If anything, you could have had the Angel, Civil War, but the problem is that sounded boring in concept. But upon final execution, it was actually pretty cool. And then you had the mother of all and Alpha Monsters plot line, which sounded cool in concept, but boring in execution. So you kind of have the good and the bad of both. One major complaint I have about this season is the wasted characters. They brought Grandpa back, but I have no idea what to do with them. They killed Rufus off in a pretty underwhelming way. I kind of disagree with that, but I can understand why people would be upset about it. Bobby's ex that had an interesting background. I actually would have liked to see her a little bit more as well and so on. Real Shane, these characters could have had it been interesting, but they were wasted in this bipolar season. I will admit this season does kill off a lot of people, and I forgot about that upon rewatch. It's clear that the Supernatural team didn't know what they were doing with the first half of this season. They threw a lot of stories at the wall, hoping one would stick.  It's not all bad what every cast and crew loves to hear. Weakened at Bobby's unemployment in Samara are standouts. And Balthazar is one of the great Supernatural characters. But on the whole, it's a very plot heavy, head scratching slog. The turnout for the season was the turn around for the season was the French mistake. They got their act together, figured out the best storyline. The solo Sam and Cass' war and gave them focus they needed to make the remaining episodes more cohesive, interesting and entertaining. Did they everything work in the second half? No, they killed off Eve way too quickly. Had Cass rescue Sam solo? Nope, didn't happen. It took a garrison of angels four months to rescue Dean from regular hell and Cass rescue Sam solo from the cage against two archangels. Killed Balthazar and a missed opportunity at the God CL slash Raphael showdown. But like you said in the last video, episodes like the finale with a cliffhanger ending like that are why I continue to watch the show. I always wanted to know what would happen next. Overall, the show had a troubling finding its way in the beginning, but it redeemed itself by the end. And I can actually say that too, because I really do like how the last episode ends. And I would have loved to have seen that storyline be used more with the whole Castiel being the villain aspect. But maybe fan reaction might have swayed it as well as also personal relations with Castiel or sorry, Misha. I'm going to do kind of a theory video talking about it and seeing why, but mainly based on someone's comment, I got a while back. So season six for me is not actually all that bad. It's a mess at times and they had some not really good episodes, but I liked it as a whole. Jared was great as solo Sam. He was distinctively different and menacing while leaving the room for humor and flipping the usual dynamic where Sam is the straight man and Dean gets to be funny. And yes, that is true. The flip was actually really, really well done in the season. I really like the look of this season. It was a bit more high death while keeping with the vibe of the earlier stuff and doing more digital stuff as well as just doing it tastefully. One of the worst parts of season seven for me is the jump to super high depth cameras. It just makes the show look cheap and kills the cool vibe the early seasons have. The negatives for season six for me are few horrible episodes killing Balthasar and easily dispatching Eve. All in all, I did read.  So as a as a season, I'll give her a 5.5 out of 7.  I'm kind of curious to see if I'll notice it as much. I do notice quality a lot more now over the years of watching television and movies. So to see that jump is going to be interesting to me because I thought it happened later on in the show's progression. But I guess we'll find out when we watch the first episode of season seven. I only mentioned this because eventually you'll get to see it in 10. I won't be giving my thoughts on each episode about how much I detest the Mark of Cane storyline. With that being said, who do you think would win in a fight between solo Sam and demon Dean? For me, it's an unfair comparison.  If there's going to be a comparison of solo Sam to another Dean, it would be one that is similar to solo Sam. There's only one thing one I can think of. I'll give you three hints. He reviewed the episode already. This version killed one of his men because he was suspected he had the Corotone virus and he purposely led his entire team into an ambush, which version of Dean am I referring to? Ah, the Dean from the alternate Hiss or the alternate future from the end from season five. That would have actually been kind of cool to see. Now, admittedly, demon Dean has powers. He would wipe the floor with solo Sam. But it is kind of interesting to see the idea of solo Sam against Dean that has lost all freaking hope and is just whatever, doing whatever he can and whatever he needs to complete the mission as he puts it. But anyways, yeah, I did enjoy that. No, thank you guys for all your comments. Thank you for these. These were fun to read. All right, guys. There we go. That's it. That's pretty much the end of season six. But now you know what's next, the best and the worst. For those videos, I am going to do my ratings. And then I'll ask you guys in each video to give me your top five of that category. The first will obviously be the worst. So once I do that video, make sure to give me your top five worst when I do that video, not in this one. And then obviously with the best following. But thank you guys so much. If you follow me along for this, again, I right now as of this recording, it's January 19th. I almost did 10 reviews in one day. So I will have definitely had a lot of prepared content to come to you guys at this point. I think we should be in August. Regardless, if you are here, thank you once again for joining me on this journey. I did not think I would finish doing all these recordings as quick, but I was sick. And so I thought, you know what, what better to do than get this ball rolling so I can start moving on to season seven, maybe. Right now I have to edit all of these and prep them as much as I can before I start doing my reviews for season seven. Again, I just wanted to say thank you guys to everyone who joined along this journey, for everyone who came along and just enjoyed watching these reviews and getting in on the discussion. I always enjoy talking about this show with you guys. And now since we are going to be moving into 100%, 100% uncharted territory, well, not really uncharted territory. Territory I haven't been to in a long, long time, literally since the episodes aired. I have not watched a single episode from season seven to the end of 10, again, since they're airing. I've watched even a few episodes again of 11 and a few episodes of six. But as always, thank you for watching and I appreciate it. I am very excited to talk about the next seasons with you guys because there's gonna be a lot of lore building once we get into the Jeremy Carver but we still have one more Sarah Gamble season.  Until then, if you guys liked this video, please leave a like. It helps out with the algorithm. And if you just happen to come across this, subscribe and share the video. Maybe it helped build the channel and whatnot. Until then guys, I'll see you next week with the top five worst.


Versus the green ranger. I can't wait to see this. This was just like well. I almost I'm almost as hyped like in remember when Batman lost the Darth Vader.  No amount of gadgetry is gonna stop somebody from cracking your neck with force the force And keep your panties on the flash finale will be up shortly. Let's get this Come on now, I mean maybe they'll do I think every time in a kuma Well, maybe if they do in a kuma and it is that's the best one.  I would have loved to see the raging demon. All right Or the super dragon punch that one He's got in the game now where you hit you with that repeating dragon punch and then you know Summons all that power and then slams you down to the ground Anyway, post comments down below. Let me know what you think if you enjoyed my reaction hit the like button subscribe and Share if you did not hit the like button subscribe and share Honoken 1 million subscribers whoo


let's get cracking good morning everybody good morning i'm chris morrison i'm jane secker so we're the co-chairs of the copyright online learning special interest group which is um especially interest group of the association for learning technology who are hosting and have been hosting us for 50 webinars now 50 webinars yes so this is amazing we do have the webinar balloon can we actually unshare the slides for a moment so that we get it on the on the video um we can do that yeah you just need to click that little square thing oh okay fair enough just like that this is this is for the benefit of everyone now 50 webinars since March 2020 yep um we are delighted to be uh joining you again we are we are absolutely yeah it feels like quite a milestone it felt like it was worthy of the two ninety nine i spent on this two ninety nine yes last of the big spenders i am yes yes okay right back to the slide back to the slides um let's uh go through what we've got today we've got quite a packed one today we have yes so we've got quite a few special guests as well we do so we've got quite a few items of copyright news um but we're delighted that Lisa Redmond for the intellectual from the intellectual property office is joining us today to talk about the intellectual property education framework as everyone knows subjects dear to our hearts now the UK government has released this new framework um so thanks Lisa for for joining us we'll give the foreman introduction in a moment uh but we've got a really a great one today so i think let's get crack on with copyright news um well first of all just a reminder if you go to the next slide of course there are a few things before copyright news don't jump ahead since we last since we last met what's happening so we don't have a jingle for that we don't have enough no oh good we could either make a jingle another time yeah there's a lot of jingle what have you been up to you've been turned into that uh Hugh Bonneville character in w1a haven't you with your folding bike well it's it's not actually my folding bike um i'm i'm it's a really exciting piece of news that i hired a folding bike when i went to oxford last time and they are great i would like my news it's more exciting you're okay let's go on to to your news yes you you actually met the queen did you well there was you know there was talk that she wasn't feeling up to you know she was tired and exhausted and it was probably because i you know was chatting to her she hasn't listened to me i was chatting to her about copyright no this is obviously i'm sure you can work out this is jubilee celebrations um even favechum where i live and the queen was not there at is a car will cut out the queen but it caused me much amusement and um yes i had a very nice weekend of celebrations lovely okay well if anyone wants to suggest a caption um or anything make any comment about either of those please feel free to do so at the end i might tell people the fun story of what i got up to on the sunday when i was singing so okay yes lovely right i'll say that one okay uh folding bike folding queen yes yes very good okay let's let's crack on with the copyright news then well it's just first of all of course a reminder that we have an archive of the blog uh record on our blog and also recordings on youtube channel so you want me to pop those into the chat for us yeah okay um and then um while you do that of course uh uh maybe we can go on to copyright news now let's do that okay uh i'll pop the youtube link in as well we're seamless this one there we are so what's the copyright news so the first piece of copyright news is uh the fact that ice pops ice pops it's still coming still coming yes yeah it's still happening it's still happening um we um have actually kept the call for contributions open for another week we know um that having it closed just straight after that long bank holiday weekend probably wasn't very sensible so if you haven't put in um a slot we're particularly looking for people who might want to join the world cafe um i'm just going to pop the link in um to uh where you can find out more all about ice pops so it's going to be at this fantastic venue um the oxford university museum of natural history we have some great keynote speakers one of him's on the call emily hello emily looking forward to that so yeah it's we're getting very excited but still time you've got till next um monday monday to put in a uh a contribution so we have got we've got lightning talks coming in um we've got quite a few of those but could probably squeeze in a few more we definitely as long as they're definitely good yes um nice and world cafe sessions don't worry you don't have a finished product it's just an idea for something come and share us your thoughts ideas prototypes anything you get a table basically a table and you get to chat to people so yeah please you could just give them cake really yeah that's probably what i'll do so the next item of use is so exciting so this is our latest podcast it's the one that we've been getting very excited we've been working off for quite some time it's actually part one of a conversation with mark lewison who is the leading expert on beetles he's a beetles historian he's uh writing a trilogy of the the definitive trilogy of the beetles history um and mark agreed to talk to us about the beetles and copyright and actually there is quite a lot there there's loads there's loads there's some un unheard footage as well of the beetles well let's it it's really it's amazing we were super excited and yeah mark's a really lovely guy and uh we yeah i mean we talked for him to him for so long that we've got a second episode that we hope to get out quite soon which is where we go into his even more library and archive it is first one because we actually got to visit mark at his archive which is he doesn't say the phrase information literally but he does talk about how he does his research yeah and i'm very excited this this probably isn't the last deal you've heard us going on about this but the first episode it's so cool it really is mark is just fantastic so yeah yeah so have a listen and in case you haven't guessed there is some new singles associated with it which people have to stay to the end all right i shall talk about it but also before we just go move on thank you again to chris jones from redding for once again helping with this amazing piece of artwork as i'm wearing chris's sergeant pepper t-shirt that he did for us for my leaving too so thank you again chris for your fiftieth for my fiftieth there we go uh what what is he gonna do for your fiftieth you better start creating it soon right we need to keep going okay let's get going okay okay right uh next up we've got um a webinar coming up that we thought we'd highlight um being organized by ifla um it's called how to copy right in digitization projects um i'll put the link into that one it's a free webinar um and i think that just takes you in the ninth that's yesterday isn't it oh it's happened yes apologies for that so you might yeah it's probably a bit late for that probably a bit late for that one okay all right well we're trying to get the recording of that one so we are uh just to let you know that we i think we mentioned it before but playful learning conference is happening in july yeah in leicester in on what are the dates it is the seventh to the ninth of july i think so we're doing was that talking about uh yes um it was um so we're we're doing a keynote and we're really looking forward to sharing our copyright games um there we absolutely are yes um next up we've got a new story um that we've um we've heard about mainly actually via social media some of the australian copyright people from the library and archive world joined us at a webinar um earlier on this year um and um there's been um a kind of case going through the australian copyright tribunal um that was between uh the copyright agency in um or their requirement of cla and universities australia um and the decisions actually um found um in favor of the copyright agency um and the license so we're gonna we haven't actually managed to find a huge amount about this online apart from this news item um that's on the copyright agency website yeah we haven't seen anything from universities australia but we are in touch with australian colleagues i think even in this this piece which is from ca um they are saying there's more detail to be worked through uh so there's more into it my understanding of it is that uh there is a requirement for australian universities to pay um the the license fees yeah yeah that's really the crux of it okay next up we have uh a very interesting um judgment emily sent us this earlier in the week chris do you want to tell us more about yeah so we mentioned this a while back it's the cushy dining experience um which is was an unofficial um uh thing your mom went into she did my mom did get to a cushy dining experience and the um the case was saying it was copyright infringement so the owners of copyright in emily fields and horses um and effectively the judgment says it was not fair dealing that it was an infringement of copyright um but we expect to hear more of this once again plug for ice pops emily hudson on the call today we'll be talking about parody caricature and pastiche and the insights of what comes from that case because as ever with these cases there's a lot more in what the the judge says about the overall questions not just about whether it was fair dealing or not in this particular instance it helps give some shape to what parody caricature and pastiche means under uk law and now the fact that we've moved away from the eu um it's it's it's actually vital as emily says first uk decision to consider pastiche and it does make reference to the deckman case and other things so we this is going to be great um so yeah excellent we will i say great great for a copyright noby perspective yeah yeah so we'll absolutely hear more from from emily on that yeah um our next item um is uh really just to kind of report on some uh work in progress that's going on over in the us um will cross um is one of the contributors to what they're calling the scholarly communications notebook um will join us um for a webinar again earlier this year where we were talking about oer's um and um they're basically going to be creating um a sort of like an open textbook effectively all about open access and scholarly comms and there's a team that have got together to do this and they've just announced it so it sounds really exciting it sounds like something um would be really interesting to see what might happen in the uk whether it might inspire some of our colleagues it might do it's going to be an open open resource so it's one of those funds that as with the the oer code of best practice in fair use has the opportunity to adapt and build on what's already there yeah yeah yeah so that's great and our final piece is a reminder there's not much time left on this but this is spark europe's open education resource survey the oer survey on european libraries of higher education which we know many people on the call are part of so if you still have the opportunity to look into this and respond on behalf of your institution it's certainly very useful because spark europe are constantly keeping a track on the extent to which open education is being implemented policies practices where responsibility lies all of those things which is i think i did share this on this copy seek a while ago but um i know um venessa at spark europe was really keen that we share this with our network and see if we can get some more responses from uk libraries about you know how they might be thinking about open education at the moment so i think that's it for the copyright news isn't it that's it for the news and so we are delighted now to introduce our guest speaker so we have lisa redmond who's the senior policy advisor at the intellectual property office so uh we were involved in this i'm a member of the copyright education awareness group which is convened by the intellectual property office and one thing that that group's been working on for some time is is how to get intellectual property into the curriculum or or even if it's not in the curriculum try to get a framework that allows it throughout the whole of education to be incorporated into the various uh subjects and and disciplines so um lisa thank you so much for joining us can we check can you uh can we hear you want to get check that your mic's working yep i think so can you can you hear me ah thank you a sound we can see you as well yeah so um lisa over to you okay thank you chris thank you jane uh good morning we have made you a presenter hopefully you can move through the slides okay now i just did that a moment ago so but give us a shout if that's a problem okay dope thanks jane thank you both and good morning everyone um yeah as chris said and as the slide says my name is lisa redmond and i'm a senior policy advisor on the knowledge exchange and education policy team at the intellectual property office so i lead on developing and implementing the ipo's education policy which includes our flagship product the ip education framework and i should say as well that i'm very pleased to be talking to you all on the 50th anniversary webinar um so yes i'll be providing a brief introduction to the ip education framework which was recently published by the ipo um and i'll also talk a little bit about our plans and next steps so there will be time for questions at the end but i think jane will also stop me during the presentation if there's a need to address something as we're going through so a little bit about the intellectual property office um so the ipo is the official government body responsible for the administration and granting of ip rights in the uk it is also responsible for developing the necessary legislative and policy frameworks around ip and for educating businesses and consumers about ip now part of that education remit involves raising awareness of ip in schools colleges and universities and we have a suite of free teaching and learning resources that i will say a little bit more about in the next couple of slides um but our education programs and policy are constantly evolving from feedback from education sectors and other professional working groups including across government so at the ipo um we've been developing teaching and learning resources since the early 2000s our resources for primary and secondary education levels can be found on our cracking ideas site which is now hosted on tes.com the times education supplement site our range of engaging curriculum linked resources explore different aspects of ip for ages 4 to 16 at primary and secondary level so the resources include teacher notes lesson plans power points and scenarios to help to bring ip to life we also have a suite of resources for universities and for businesses on our ip support platform so some of you may may be aware of some of these resources ip tutor is an online learning tool for undergraduate students it provides basic information for all the ip rights and includes case studies to bring ip to life and quizzes to check understanding afterwards and that training tool is actually tailored to four areas of study so we've got law business and accounting stem humanities and creative or shape ip tutor plus is set of lecturer resources to help educators engage with university students on on what ip and the associated ip rights are and why these are important to their lives their study their research and their future career and finally the other square on the on the slide refers to our ip for research program which helps phd students and researchers understand how ip fits into their research and the commercialization process you can access the ip education framework from our ip support platform and in addition we also have a range of short videos and case studies on our youtube channel so the ipos approach to ip education has been shaped by the findings of a review of its education resources which took place back in 2018 the education review which was conducted by an external education consultancy was commissioned to enable us to better understand the social and economic impact of our education resources the results of the review revealed that educators in further and higher education institutions often use lesson plans and resources aimed at younger students to help them introduce ip concepts however teachers and educators at all levels said that case studies and real life examples were valued as ways to break down the complexity of the topic and to engage with students so the ipos education policy sets out a holistic long-term approach to to ip education which goes from primary right up to higher education levels and a key product of our education policy is the ip education framework which we launched in march this year so the framework embodies the ipos holistic approach as it shows how ip can be integrated into curricula at all levels and in subjects with strong links to ip and common to all education levels and it also helps to improve access to our full suite of education resources by referencing and linking to them all in the framework so the framework was developed in consultation with teachers from across the four uk nations and with input from industry and from professional bodies the framework sets out the ip knowledge skills and attitudes needed by young people from primary right up to higher education and the ip knowledge needed by young people is expressed in the framework through age appropriate competency statements and we developed the competency statements by drawing upon a range of of sources including the the review of our education resources we also drew on the national curricula of england wales scotland and northern ireland we looked at the the learning outcomes in our education resources and we referred to the quality assurance agency for higher education subject benchmark statements so in our research we looked for different for sorry for direct references to ip in curricula and we also looked for opportunities to introduce ip concepts around references to creativity innovation and invention so following feedback received from primary and secondary teachers during the development of the framework about the importance of teachers easily accessing the parts of most relevant to their teaching of most relevance to their teaching we developed versions of the framework for each uk nation of primary and secondary levels there is a single uk version for further and higher education levels but the premise of the framework to enable teachers and educators to easily access the parts of most relevance to their teaching is the same across all levels and at fe and he we break down the competencies by age alone we don't link into the curricula so much because it is so much broader but in this way and with accessible supporting resources teachers and educators are assisted to introduce ip concepts into everyday lessons and we just have an example there of the the various versions of the framework so i'm going to talk you through the style and typical content of the ip education framework using the journey through art and design as an example so this is an example of the framework at primary level key stage one so for this age group we are suggesting that young people should understand that we use imagination to create that naming work shows ownership and that the everyday the everyday items around us have been designed and created by someone we also introduce a slightly more explicit ip reference for this age group by referencing logos and we talk about logos healthness to identify products at key stage two we suggest that young people should understand that creative work can be protected from copying and that there are names for different types of protection so we start to introduce explicit references to copyright and trademarks at this age we suggest that young people should understand that identifying who owns a piece of creative work is possible because we name our work so again reinforcing that key stage one concept of you know the importance of naming work and we introduce here the the importance of seeking permission before copying someone else's work at key stage three art and design we are suggesting that young people should know that there is a place for a conversation about ip when problem solving with creative design solutions we suggest that they should understand the purpose of the four main ip rights although not in any technical detail at this stage we introduce the idea that well-known artists and designers creative work may be protected by one or more of the main ip rights and we also introduce the idea that you can take inspiration from others work but must seek permission before copying and also acknowledge the original creator key stage four we suggest that young people should understand that there is a place for a conversation about ip when developing design solutions to a design brief and that language is based on the language in the key stage four curriculum we suggest that young people should understand the meaning of the broad term intellectual property rights so evidence from the review of our resources suggested that very often teachers didn't necessarily understand the term intellectual property rights we also suggest that young people should understand which ip rights apply to their creative work and which rights are automatic and which night rights need to be registered and we also introduce the idea of the importance of applying for registered rights before exhibiting creative work or discussing creative work with investors so at further education level 16 to 18 we are suggesting that young people should know that there is a place for a conversation about ip when developing innovative design solutions and again that language is actually based on the a-level art and design curriculum we suggest that young people should know about the different forms of ip rights what they protect and how long protection lasts so we're expecting you know an understanding of more technical detail at this stage we suggest that young people should know what to do if they have to discuss or share their work before they have applied for registered rights so for example they might need a non-disclosure agreement we introduce copyright exceptions and suggest that young people should understand that those exceptions exist and that they allow limited use of others work without permission we also introduce some other technical terms so fair dealing moral rights and we also introduce licensing so we through the through the through the sense that we suggest that young people understand that you can choose to share your work but you can still set conditions legally through licensing and at higher education we are suggesting that young people understand that there is a place for a conversation about ip when generating communicating and applying ideas and that language is based around language used in the qa a benchmark statement for art and design we suggest that young people should know how to manage and use the ip generated in their creative work and the detail that will help them understand how to do that will be found in our supporting resources and that is the same all the way through for all the age groups we suggest that young people are aware that ownership of ip might be assigned according to the university or the employer's ip policy we suggest that young people understand the importance of establishing ip ownership when working collaboratively and at this stage we are suggesting that young people understand how to apply copyright exceptions and the principle of fair dealing to their own work so not just knowing that they exist but but having a better idea of how to apply them at this stage and the same for creative commons licensing so that that was a really quick run through of some of the content contained within the framework so we are currently scoping plans to pilot the framework with schools across the uk and we're hoping to be able to work with the four educational authorities to recruit schools to participate in the pilot and as i i should stress that the the current framework or the framework in its current form is very much of first iteration um and although it was developed with with teachers we still need to and to test how it works in the classroom um with primary and secondary schools and with teachers that that represent all the subjects contained in the framework and we need to understand how well the competency statements support the integration of of ip concepts are there other concepts that should be in there and we need to understand how well the supporting resources enable the application of the competency statement competency statements so as well as piloting the framework we are also looking to develop some new resources so we've identified obvious gaps in science and computing and we will be developing resources to meet those gaps and which will also be framed around the competency statements in those subjects however we will also be looking at where we need to update our existing resources especially in light of the feedback that we receive from the pilots we are scoping out a train the trainer resource for further and higher education at a fundamental level um and and those resources will also include reference to the high level concepts contained in the ip education framework so i've talked about the need for us to trial the framework with schools but there is also a strong need to pilot the framework and to gain feedback from further and higher education institutions and we will be looking at the best way to do that in due course and that's it from me thank you for listening very well yeah thank you thank you i'm going to go back to our our slides now and i think we just have a couple of things to wrap up before um we let everybody go so yeah so as ever we will be having more so we've had 50 yes 50 50 webinars this is not the last oh all right let's go to slide number 30 so 51 is coming up so on the first of july becoming a copyright specialist we have some people who will be joining us we have some victims who have agreed it was a fantastic session wasn't it last time we had Kate Vassili we had Simon Cox we had Hannah Pyman now Hannah Grego yes um but we have some more people telling us about their journeys to becoming press gang into the copyright community we still need some more volunteers we do actually so if anybody there is interested uh please drop us an idea and we want people you know from it's not about it's about becoming a copyright specialist it's not just for people who feel like they are one already it's about we definitely would like some people who are early on in that journey to talk about um they're they're kind of you know how they're trying to learn about this so that would be great um yeah worth saying no webinar in august no webinar in august i'm sure like many people summer break people will be on holiday so we thought we would skip that um and we haven't yet agreed um completely the date for our september uh webinar yet in light of ice pops being on the eighth of september or in fact what the topic is going to be any topics that people would like probably be the week before ice pops weren't it i think probably um and we've also we're lining up um we haven't yet fixed on a complete date yet but we're lining up um a webinar about open textbooks and we've got um speakers from UCL and University of Edinburgh to talk about the work they're doing on open textbooks so that's very exciting it is so is it one last thing time it is one last thing we're going to play that song we're going to time for everyone to get those lights we're not i wasn't going to play the one last thing so because as soon as i do that everyone leaves the session so if you go to the next slide what i am going to do is share with you this is the sneak peek of the new thing we did especially for mark so you will hear this if you listen to the podcast but here's a sneak peek just to to wet your interest let's see if we can get it to work nice little baseline at the end well done there chris so thank you very much for having us again do you share the the link to the the podcast again just so that we can oh blimey i'm asking you to do too many things you are you're asking me to do far too many things at one time yeah so no i can't do that okay right there enough hang on give me a moment okay i can do it let's stop that recording as well now


The bitter-taste receptor TAS2R4 has been found to be structurally different from other class AGPCRs, which suggests a unique activation mechanism and a less stable inactive state. The structure of this receptor was determined using the GENC-MBLE complete sampling method, which revealed a unique coupling between the G protein and the receptor, allowing for better understanding of how the receptor works and how it can be targeted for drug development. This article was authored by Moon Young-Young, Amir Hussain-Marfi, Sikyung Kim, and others.


DR Congo is joining the East African community to form the largest African Federation. What benefits will it get? The Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC, is a country in Central Africa. The Democratic Republic of the Congo, as it is officially known, has a 25-mile Atlantic Ocean coastline but is otherwise landlocked. It is the continent's second-biggest country, with Algeria being the largest. Kinshasa, the capital, is about 515 kilometers from the Congo River's mouth. It is the country's official administrative, economic, and cultural center and is Central Africa's largest city. To distinguish it from the other Congo Republic, which is officially called the Republic of the Congo, and is generally referred to as Congo, the country is often referred to by its abbreviation, the DRC, or as Congo, Kinshasa, with the capital appended parenthetically, Brasco. The Democratic Republic of Congo has applied to join the East African organization, ESC, and might become the seventh member of the regional economic community. It would give a vast market for the region's exporters, as well as a venue for the DRC decades-old tensions with Rwanda and Uganda. The ESC is now considering whether the DRC could be a suitable candidate after a preliminary debate of the country's application at a summit on February 27. A team from the E, a ESC secretariat, completed its verification mission to the Eastern DRC city of Goma on 3 July. The report will be presented to presidents of the E, a SEA member states in November or December, to help them make their decision. What is the East African community? Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda make up the East African community, which is an intergovernmental organization based in the African Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa. The current chairman of the E, a SEA is Kenyan president, Yufiru Kenyatta. The group was created in 1967, disbanded in 1977, and then resurrected on July 7, 2000. After negotiations with the Southern African Development Community and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the ESC decided to expand its free trade zone to include all three organizations member states in 2008. The African Economic Community includes the E, a SEA as a member, a Russia, Tanzania's capital, and Dar-e's Salon. Tanzania's most populous city, are both in the E. A SEA Africa Reloaded will show you the advantages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo joining the East African Federation. We hope you like seeing this video. Stay tuned as we learn more about these advantages. The Democratic Republic of Congo will benefit enormously by joining the East African community. The benefits include, one, free movement of people and goods between the Dar-e's Salon and Mombasa ports and the rest of the block. It will facilitate free flow of products, particularly in the country's eastern region, said E, a SEA Secretary General Peter Mafuki. On Friday evening, he made this point during the official opening of the E, a SEA verification mission to DRC, which is investigating the latter's bid to join the union. Two, DRC, like the rest of the partner states, would nominate nine members to the East African Legislative Assembly once admitted. It would also be responsible for appointing justices to the East African Court of Justice, the community's judicial body, the ESC, on the other hand, is advocating for the entrance of the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa because of the benefits to the region. Three, due to its current economic links and large natural resources with great potential, the DRC is viewed as strategic for EAC growth. However, Ugandan lawyer Adam Kaimuhendo has challenged DR Congo's admittance to the block at the East African Court of Justice. In a lawsuit, an attorney for the High Court of Uganda claims that DRC has been keeping Ugandan activist William Mogomia and more than 35 other Ugandans illegally and without due process. Four, the admission of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the E, a SEA makes the idea of a political federation more appealing than it is now when it is viewed with distrust and skepticism by many. With the possibility of a super-rich neighbor marrying into the family, current nationality rivalries would fade in importance in the face of the option of forming a super state because all members would benefit from being a part of it, unlike today, when some members believe they would lose by joining a larger union. Five, the shift would enable the use of some idle resources feasible with no negative consequences for the DRC or the area. A power dam in Inga, for example, would provide 60,000 megawatt of clean, renewable energy and put an end to the discussions and headaches over whether or not to build hydroelectric dams in East Africa. Six, after Tanzania, the DRC, with almost 2.4 million square kilometers, would be the largest country in the E, a SEA block, 947,000 square kilometers. DRC has a population of 8 to 6 million people, nearly half of the present E, a SEA population, while being significantly larger than the combined 6E, a SEA member states. Seven, even the process of evaluating DRC's admittance helps to refocus the community on more noble aims and the work that must be completed in order to achieve them. Squabbling among members is unlikely to inspire Congo's 81.4 million people. They had enough problems as it is. The trade dispute between Kenya and Tanzania must be settled through mature dialogue if a resource which country is to be attracted. Eight, multinational corporations, South Africa and China are among the significant forces active in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This isn't a secret, and it's not necessarily a bad thing. DR Congo would get a better perspective and world vision by joining and working within the East Africa community, from which it could engage with the rest of its international trade partners. When Congo was privately owned by King Leopold of Belgium, the situation was far worse. It was subjected to Mabatou C. Seaco's kleptocratic rule. Things can only improve from here. The ESEE is in a good position to assist with this beneficial transformation. Nine, the admission of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the East Africa community makes the idea of a political federation more appealing than it is now, when it is viewed with distrust and skepticism by many. With the possibility of a super-rich neighbor marrying into the family, current nationality rivalries would fade in importance in the face of the option of forming a super-state, because all members would benefit from being a part of it, unlike today, when some members believe they would lose by joining a larger union. Ten, the federal model, which has worked so effectively in developed large countries, would allow residents of the super-state to focus on their talents and energies, as current difficulties such as tribes and religions would be more difficult to exploit. The most promising defense against Africa's re-enslavement is the regulated evolution of blocks like the East Africa Immunity Federation. Eleven, a coin always has two sides to it. The East Africa community's images currently bleak, with Rwanda in the chair and tense relations with Uganda and Burundi, the community secretariat in a Russia mired in financial problems, and most member nations failing to pay their obligations on time. However, this is a stage in which the EEC's aspiration to be a regional leader should not be stifled. Admitting Congo sends a strong message of aspiration to the continent and sets greater goals for it. With all of these various advantages listed above, it is clear that not only the DR Congo will gain from the East Africa community, but that the East Africa community will profit from the DR Congo as well. A number of reforms will be implemented that will benefit the African population. We hope you enjoyed watching this video. If you enjoyed it, please like, share, and subscribe to our channel for future updates.


Study proposes Transient Feature Analyses of the Transient Response Time and Transient Energy on Power Signatures of Non-Intrusive Demand Monitoring and Load Identification. The Discrete Wavelet Transform, DWT, is more suitable than Short-Time Furry Transform, SDFT, for Transient Load Analysis. This article was authored by Sushin Chang.


All right, let's welcome our next speaker, Augusto Stoffel.  Today Augusto is going to talk about using graph neural networks for information extraction using Python. As part of his post-doc, he has done research in the field of algebraic topology and its application to quantum field theory. Well, that sounds really interesting and I'm really looking forward to this talk. Thank you, Augusto, now. Good luck. All right, thanks for having me and thanks to the audience for the enthusiasm at the last talk on Friday evening. Yeah, so I'm going to talk about graph neural networks for information extraction. So let me start situating this topic in the deep learning landscape. Then I also got the chance to say a bit about my work at DIDA. There's basically two camps in deep learning, natural language processing and computer vision. A typical NLP application could be to, well, try to understand maybe some legal documents, some contracts and classify the different sections of a contract and perhaps identify those which may not have a legal standing. Some examples of computer vision applications could be to look for defects in some manufacturing defects in some technical components or remote sensing that is analysis of satellite energy. So say look for some small scale mines. So those, by the way, were all projects we developed for clients at DIDA. Now, those two camps have their very specialized set of tools of models and they work very well. But of course, those are far from the only interesting problems we could tackle with data science. So it will be very interesting to have more generic, more flexible deep learning models. And this is exactly where Graph Neural Network is coming. So to guide our discussion, I'll pick the sample use case which is also inspired by a project we have, which is to understand documents in tabular format. So what we see here is, well, the picture of an invoice or a bill and this document has some headers, some addresses, some dates. And then the interesting part is this table, right? It has the table list, some products or services and these things have like a description, then some prices, some quantities. And what we would like our machine learning model to do is to classify the words in this document appropriately. So let's say this is a date where this was issued. So this would be on the metadata. And now each entry in the table, we are identifying this description part as such. Maybe there's some more fine-grained information here. This description has some units and then a price and then a quantity. And so it goes. So a standard language model, which only looks at the text sequentially. For such a model, this may be this quantity two here would come completely out of the blue, right? Because it follows some information that is not really related to quantities. So we would like to have a model which, yeah, is able to get this broader view of the data. All right, so here is a typical information extraction pipeline. So we have some input data, some input documents. We apply some preprocessing to it. So maybe in that case, our input was this PDF files and we preprocess in a suitable way, such that the data can be fed to a machine learning algorithm, some number crunching algorithm. And then out of this comes some useful prediction from the model. Okay, so where could graphs potentially enter in this picture? And there's two places. So in the preprocessing step, we would like to take this document or this data and encode it using a graph in a way that meaningfully captures the structure of the input data. And then in the second step, this number crunching step, we would like to use an algorithm that then can consume and make good use of this graph data we got. All right, so then this is now a quick agenda for the remainder of the talk. So I'm going to start in this part of the pipeline discussing graphs and graph neural networks. Then as an interlude, I'll make a quick comparison with the convolutional nets, which are like the bread and butter of computer vision. And the hope here is that probably most people have some familiarity with con nets. So you can have a point to compare to understand things and maybe you can even understand con nets a little better after you see this. And then at the end, I'll go back to our use case and this is going to illustrate a bit how the preprocessing would look like. All right, very good. So what is a graph? A graph is just a picture like this one, which you make out of dots, which we call nodes or vertices and arrows connecting the dots. So those we call edges or links or relationships. Okay. And so in a in applications, typically this graph, the nodes and edges will come with additional data some some labels. Okay, so say if this graph represented a social network where the vertices represent people and the edges maybe represent payments people made among themselves. So our nodes would be labeled by the name or other attributes of the person, and maybe our edge would be labeled by a number, which is the amount of the money transfer. Okay, and then just as a quick heads up. This is one version one definition of a graph. There's many variations. If you pick up a random paper, something slightly different might be meant so maybe double parallel edges like this one are not allowed or maybe loops are not allowed. Or maybe this edges can be considered not to be directed. Okay, but now our example here that that would be our notion of breath. And I want to give you a mathematical definition, not to be precious about this but because there is a slight difference between what a graph is and what computer representation of a graph is. And it's good to, we have to have clarity about this one working with graph algorithms. And also it's a fun thing to look at so. So what is a graph or if to be very precise we could call this a directed pseudo graph. So, but I'll just say graph. So graph is given by a set of vertices, the note curly V, then a set of edges that I will denote curly E, and then to function from e to V that I call source and target. Okay, so in my example, the set of vertices would be ABCD and E, the set of edges would be this small letters PQ up to V. And then say, if I take my edge P here, its target, its source is the note A, its target is the note B. And if I look at my edge V, its source is the note E, and its target is also P. So that's it, that's what it is. And then I already made this comment that in applications, vertices and edges come with labels. So the way this is modeled is as functions from V, the set of vertices to some set of vertices labels. So maybe each vertex has a string attached to it or some more complex data structure. And same for the edges. All right, so now how do you represent the graph in Python or any other language? So the first step is to pick an enumeration of the vertices and edges, and that's why I changed my notation a little bit. So before my notes were ABCD and E, and now I'm calling them V0, V1, V2, V3 and V4. I just numbered them, put an order. And then similar thing for the edges. And then there's a couple of alternative ways to represent the graph. One of them is as an adjacency list. So that's a list of pairs of numbers. This list has one entry for each edge in my graph. So say the zero entry of my list describes the edge is zero. And that entry is a pair of numbers. In this case the pair is zero one. And that indicates the fact that the source is V0 and the target is V1. So then it goes, right? So the last entry in the list describes my last vertex and my last edge is six. And it has a source and target both V4. So the number the pair describing this is four comma four. All right, so that's it. Now going to this next step where we want to attach some data to vertices and edges, right? So here's how this could be implemented. So we have to pick two types. So suppose we want to label the vertices with a type node T and the edges with a type edge T, right? So then my class graph would be a little data class like this. Okay, depends on these two types. And then, okay, then we have a list called nodes, which is just a list of objects of type node T. List of edges, which is a list of objects of edge T type. And then an adjacency list like I just described, okay? Which is a list of pairs of integer, integer, okay? And these two source and target methods is just what I just described, right? So if I want to know what the source of the kth edge is, I look at the kth entry of the adjacency list. And then look at the first, that's a tuple, right? And then I look at the first item in there. Good. All right, so now we can get to graph neural networks. And to discuss that, I want to just fix on a fairly simple possibility. So first of all, fix one kind of problem out of many we could pick. And I'm going to discuss the node classification problem. Okay, so what this means is we give us input a graph. And out of it, we want a labeling of the vertices. Let's say it's a binary classification problem. So it's just a function from the vertices to zero and one, okay? Or alternatively, you give me this graph with enumeration of vertices. And then you just have to output a list of numbers, zero and one. The ith entry corresponds to the ith vertex, okay? And I want to make two more simplifying assumptions. One is that my nodes are labeled with a tensor, okay? So some tensor, some array of numbers of a fixed size. And my edges are labeled by an enumeration type, okay? So this just means I have a list of possible edge types. It's a final list, not too big. So say if this was a social network, then maybe each of these tensors would be some numerical encoding of various attributes of a person. And then maybe we could have a few different types of relationships between them. So say two people can be friends or they can be core workers or relatives, okay? So this will be the three entries of my enumeration type. All right. So now I can describe for you a possible graph neural network layer, okay? And what I'm doing here is pretty much taken out of this paper, which is one nice grid. But okay, so here is how this works. So my GNN layer is just some layer in a model which takes a simple graph and outputs a new graph, okay? This new graph has, okay, it has the same topology. So it has the same nodes and edges. I'm not changing the edge types either, okay? But for each node, I'm computing a new feature tensor, okay? And so here is, well, a formula you can use for that. And okay, don't worry if you can follow 100% this, especially if it's the first time you see anything similar. But I want to just read this formula step by step. So we see what's going on. All right, so what is YV? YV is the output feature tensor of the node V, okay? So say let's focus on this guy here, node V4, okay? So I would be describing this tensor here, the output feature tensor of V4, okay? And this is computed as follows. So it's a summation and the summation has one term for each edge incident, so incoming, coming into V, okay? And I call W its source and E the edge itself, okay? So say, in the case of V4, the sum would have three terms, one corresponding to E4, one to E5, and one term corresponding to E6, okay? Now let's see how each of these terms is computed. What I'm supposed to do is to take the input feature tensor of the nodes, which is the source of that edge, okay? So let's focus on this edge here. Its source is V2, so I look at this tensor here, which is the input feature tensor of V2, okay? And then I multiply this tensor by a weight matrix, which is part of the model. It's a learned weight matrix, okay? But then, little detail, there is actually one different weight matrix for each edge type. So what I should do is I look at, okay, I'm looking at edge 4. I should see what its type is. It's one of these possible enumeration elements, and there is one little weight matrix corresponding to each edge type, okay? Each enumeration element. So I think that that appropriate matrix, okay? Then I multiply those things. I multiply by a normalization factor, and then I add these things all up, okay? I may discuss if it's the normalization factor. It's basically the degree of the nodes, so the number of incident edges, except that I only focus on the incoming edges. So I just look at how many edges are coming into V, have V4 in this case as target, and over I restrict to those that have the same type of the edge E, okay? All right, so this normalization factor in this case will make a huge difference, but you can imagine, say, a social network. It's very typical that some nodes have just a few connections. Some nodes have potentially thousands of connections. So a normalization of this kind is important for things not to blow up, okay? And then, last step, I apply a nonlinear activation function. Could be a ReLU, a sigmoid, whatever we like, okay? So that's it. That's a formula for a perfectly fine function GNN layer, okay? So just to mention a bit about, okay, so maybe an alternative way to think of this is you could imagine that each node, so each node in this vertex has its, okay, this incoming input feature tensor, and it has to compute a new tensor, and the way it does that is by receiving a message from each of these arrows that are incident to it. So that would be a way to think about it. So the message would be this guy, and then the node precedes all these messages, and it totalizes, so incorporate those messages into a new value, okay? And so we could have many variations on this scheme. So where here we have this matrix multiplication, we could have maybe some attention-like thing where this value depends not only on the input feature tensor of W, so the origin of this arrow, but also on XV, so the input tensor of the node in question itself, right? We could totalize this tensor using a different formula, maybe some max instead of summation, so many variations are possible here. It's a very flexible scheme. All right, so now we can go to our comparison with convolutional networks, and so let me start as a quick recap on convolutional networks. So this is an algorithm for images, right? And the way this works is we have an image, each pixel in the image we have an input feature tensor, so in the first layer it would be just intensity of red, green, and blue channels, okay? And we want to compute for each pixel a new feature vector, and so the new feature vector, the output feature vector of this pixel at position i, j, is computed as follows. So we look at a little patch of say three by three pixels around it, okay? So for each pixel in this patch, we look at its input feature tensor, then we multiply that by a matrix which is learned as part of the model, and there is one different matrix for each position in the patch, okay? And then we add these things all up, there's nine vectors, and then we apply some nonlinear activation function, okay? So the summation is over this indices k and l, right, between minus one and one, so each pair k and l locates one position of three by three patch, okay? All right, so that was a recap. And now what on earth has this anything to do with graphs? So here's a little graph representing this three by three patch, okay? So in this piece of a graph, each node represents a pixel, and then the arrows represent this relationship of being a neighbor, okay? And moreover, since, well, two pixels can be made neighbors in one of eight different directions, right? Which are this cardinal directions. Those are the labels I attached to my edges, right? Okay, and now, next slide, I'm going to replace the formula here for the continent. I'm just going to rewrite it using this graphy syntax from the previous slide, okay? And so here it is. So let me read again this for you, okay? So this is a formula for the output feature tensor of the pixel p, which is the center here, okay? And the way I compute this is the following. I look at all the neighboring pixels, right? So each neighboring pixel is a node in my graph with a link to p, right? And moreover, this neighboring relation is of one of these four, eight types, right? One of these eight cardinal directions. So for each of these pixels, I look at its original feature tensor, its xq, and I multiply by a matrix. The matrix depends on which position this is, right? So it depends on which cardinal direction this neighbor is coming from. And then I add these things all up, okay? And moreover, the input feature tensor of p itself also plays a role, right? And this is also counted for this. So I could include a loop, a self-edge around p with the label o, and then this term would be included in the summation, would be some zoomed. I just didn't do this to keep the picture a bit clear. All right, good. So this would be a picture representing the entire image, okay? So that's it. So, of course, a graph neural network can take in graphs of arbitrary shapes, while a condomnet is specialized shapes of this graph. But that's fine. So condomnets are a particular case of graph layers. All right, so then now we can go back to our use case, which was about information extraction from tables. All right, so here it is. The idea is we receive a table. It can be like this table. It can be a completely different layout like this one, okay? But from this page, we make a graph. And in this graph, each word is a node. And then we have a bunch of edges, which are added in the following way. So for each word, we divide the page into these four sectors, the stuff that is above, below, and to each side, okay? And then we look at the nearest neighbor of the word in each of these directions, okay? So say above the nearest neighbor is this zip code, 12545. It would be represented by this node, and we add an edge linking them, okay? And of course, this edge has a label which says, okay, it's a neighbor above. And we keep going like this. So say maybe next step, 12545 has this neighbor above the word south. So this would be this guy. As a neighbor to the left would be the nearest would be the word states. So this would be this guy and so on, okay? And that's it. That's how we make a graph out of the page. And in a table, this whole link works that belong to a same line, same column. And this is where our model can learn interesting information. All right, so here just a possible end-to-end model architecture, which is pretty much what we used in this case. So we take in these pages, we collect all the words, we link the words to make a graph, and now we need to associate useful features to the word, right? And there's basically two categories of things you can do. First, you can look at the geometric features. So the coordinates of the bounding box of the word. So this makes some features. And then there's features from the text of the word, right?  Is it often numerical? Is it in a list of common words? Like is it the name of a month or some common header word? Or I could try to be tensor and design a character CNN that learns on the fly useful features. Anyway, for each word, you concatenate these things. You get some maybe reasonably big feature tensor, maybe pass a linear layer to normalize the size, and then you feed to a couple of GNN blocks, just like the one I described. So that maybe you add some dropout, some batch normalization, some skip connections, stuff that is meant to help with convergence with training time. And yeah, maybe skip connection to help the character CNN converge. And then at the end you add a feed forward block, a softmax, and out of this comes out probabilities for each word to belong to each of the categories, each of the classes in which you want to classify. So that's it. So this is pretty much the model we used in this project. Out of about a thousand training documents, we got a model with an 88% F1 score, which is very good. It's better than the previous system our client had in place where they had to manually label each type of, each new table layout that appeared to them. It also worked better than a prototype that we had developed earlier, which was based on random forests. So that was a pretty big success for us. And that's it. So just to finish up a couple words about implementations. So there are a few different libraries available out there. I think you would all find it by Googling. If you want to read up on this topic. Okay, maybe some more popular places will not, will be a bit disappointing. So the Wikipedia page for Graph Neural Network exists since early this month. But then one suggestion I can give you is to just go to the documentation of any of these packages. I particularly like the PyTorch case. It lists papers for which they provide implementation. So if you go to the papers, it will be a good place to delve into the topic. So yeah, so with that, I'd like to thank you. All right. It was one of its kind. I think it would have been better than having this talk and listening to this to wrap up for the day. We have a question, Augusto, and I'll read it out for you. It's how would you deal with tables in documents with multiple columns, like scientific papers? For example, the table is in the first column while there is regular text in the second column. Yeah, that's, that's a very good question. So in some way, the model can learn, right? That's okay. Maybe if it sees enough documents with two columns, it's going to learn that yes, this can happen. We could try maybe. So since we know that this is a common case, we can try to help it and just try to add some features to help the model learn. That's okay. Maybe at some point it's going to see like a division, a two-column division. Maybe find a way to not link words from one column to the other column because we know that those guys are not related, right? Mm-hmm. Albert? Yeah. So it's always this interplay between, okay, just let the model learn or should we help it with this little extra effort to feed the data in a more suitable way? Makes sense. Right. Thanks for answering the question. So I don't see any other questions in the chat room. So if anybody wants to ask questions to Augusto or wants to interact with him, please feel free to jump out on the parrot breakout room. And Augusto will be there to answer all your questions. Thanks Augusto once again for the really interesting talk.


Hey Psych2Goers, and welcome back to another Psych2Go video! Friendship plays an important role in our lives. However, we aren't always blessed with having reliable and trusting friends around us.  If so, this video suggests five types of toxic friends that you have to be aware of. 1. The Criticizer Have you ever had a friend who likes to draw trivial comparisons between you and the other friends they encounter? For example, they complain that you should act, dress, or be a certain way in order to meet their expectations as a friend. Toxic friends are never satisfied with letting you be yourself.  They don't see any negative behaviors in themselves, but they're quick to point their fingers at you when you do something they don't approve of. 2. The Mood Influencer The people we surround ourselves with can influence how we feel, think, and behave. When your friends ask you to hang out or want to talk to you, how do you feel? Do you look forward to it or do you feel dread and worry? You may feel this way if a toxic friend forcefully drags you into their emotional rollercoasters and dramas without caring how you feel. For example, if they're being scolded by their boss or someone offended them, they'll assume that you'll listen to them and pour out an inappropriate amount of emotions and personal history onto a conversation before you can even give them a response. 3. The Busy Person Does your friend make excuses to avoid talking to you whenever you feel down or upset?  They don't really bother to spare time to talk to you and spend time hanging out with you and would rather do something else. Your friendship with them feels one-sided because when they're the ones to feel sad, they'll vent their feelings to you and expect you to be there for them immediately. 4. The Shameless One It's okay to make mistakes as long as we're willing to learn from them and change for the better. However, when a toxic friend has done something wrong and you confront them, they don't feel any remorse and will typically blame others to avoid taking responsibility for their actions. Even if they apologize, it may not sound sincere. They may say things like, I'm sorry you feel that way. Instead of, I'm sorry I made a mistake. For instance, if you explain to your friend about how their attitude hurts you, they fail to put themselves in your shoes and view things from your perspective. Instead, they blame you for making them behave the way they did. 5. The Ghost Think of a friend you met. Then, think about the conversations. Who is usually the one to start the conversations? Do you guys take turns initiating conversation almost equally each time? Frankly, toxic friends do not actively pursue a discussion with you unless they need help from you. They're more or less a vampire or a parasite. Other than that, they often stay silent or they've read your message but never reply. It's understandable that someone can forget or be busy, but if this phenomenon persists over time, this is one of the red flags of a toxic friendship. Do you resonate with any of the types mentioned in this video? Leave a comment below to share your thoughts. If you find this insightful, share this video with someone who could benefit from it. Don't forget to like this video and subscribe to site to go for more. If you're interested, the reference sources are listed for further viewing and reading.


How'd you feel out there today, Cece? I felt pretty good. You know, just need to make more pitch. You know, get inside of that inning and hopefully get a win. With the way you had rolled through the first six and two-thirds, how frustrating of an end was that to the outing in the seventh? Yeah, it's frustrating, especially having a lefty up there. God, dude, I know I can get out. Just had to make a better pitch. Where did you want to put that slider? It was down and away. Would you think when Hicks ties it with two outs and two strikes in the ninth? Yeah, that was a big, big. But, you know, this team's been coming up to use all year. Offense has been great, you know. Like I said, it's just need to be a little better tonight. Cece, that pitch aside, do you take encouragement out of a performance like this, especially, you know, you go into that inning at 75 pitches? I mean, yeah, I guess. We lost the game, though. So it's hard to take something out of that. But, you know, it is what it is. Hopefully I can be better next time out. Cece, honey, keep your concentration game to game. Knowing that you already declared this is your last year and you go through a whole series of lasts, if you will. I mean, it's not hard. You know, we're out here trying to win the baseball game every night and trying to win the championship, trying to win the division. So that's the main focus.


Hello, my name is Miguel Hernáez and this is the Intef course on digitally competent educational organizations. I will introduce you to several key ideas related to teaching and learning practices enhanced by technology. It is imperative for an institution that wants to be integrated in what we call the digital age to be able to reinterpret the elements of the curriculum and suit them to the needs of the current social, cultural and technological context. If an organization wants to become competent in the digital world we live in, it must rethink, from an institutional point of view, the teaching and learning practices that are suitable for it. The challenge we face is not making partial changes. We have to work on all the elements that make up our educational organization and change it as a whole. Technologies essentially play two important roles that influence the teaching and learning practices carried out in our educational institutions. On one hand, they are part of the tools and the technological environment that the members of our community should exploit and on the other hand they help to enhance the teaching strategy that we put into practice. Let us address this issue carefully. First of all, in order for our organization to become digitally competent, the members that make up their organization have to really take advantage of the available technologies and digital media to enhance their teaching and learning environment. This means they should be capable of integrating technology in their everyday life and this is exactly what being digitally competent means, an individual first and then as an education professional. The organization should encourage a culture of critical technological empowerment among its members. As an educational organization, we have the obligation to promote the use of different digital media which enable all members of the organization, not just teachers and students, to enhance the learning environment. Everyone is encouraged to try the technologies out and not to be scared of them. Also knowledge and experience exchange through partnerships is actively encouraged as well as critical thinking. The members of the organization enhance their learning environment. This is related to the promotion of the development of their digital competence. Everyone is involved in the teaching and learning activities, teachers, students and all of the other members of the educational community. The organization should encourage its members to achieve specific levels of digital competence as established in the ICT competence framework for teachers or in the framework for digitally competent educational organizations. For instance, digital competence should be appreciated, recognized, accredited and certified in all areas of the educational practice. It is of paramount importance that the organization addresses the issue of online safety. We have to promote ethically desirable online behaviors and responsibility when it comes to our safety or the safety of other members of the organization or of society in general. The organization also needs to disseminate information on risks and norms for responsible behavior in online environments and reach all the participants of the education activity. We mentioned earlier that technologies help to enhance the possibilities of the teaching strategy that we put into practice in our organization. We know that this enhancement is linked to the implementation of collaborative strategies that maximize the collaborative potential of digital technologies. This is the way to make the most of group work and the best way for the group members to take responsibility for their actions. Authentic, reflecting reality as much as possible, enabling knowledge transfer, taking advantage of the reality vision we may have when we open the doors to our classroom with the help of digital technologies. Make more cross-disciplinary actions. They should highlight the relation between wisdoms and knowledge in real life where we put into practice the skills we develop within the organization. Personalized with the help of the technologies the participants use in their everyday lives, they develop their strengths and address their weaknesses. Open to the reality of our institution and to the lives of the members of our organization. New experiences will highlight our community's diversity and will open up our work to the community and the classrooms will soak up the outside reality. We need to implement strategies that will put a spotlight on student competencies, on their creativity and their proactive attitude and technologies offer a lot of possibilities for doing that. But at the same time, they have to develop personal and emotional strategies for all the participants in the learning and teaching activities. Thus, it is necessary to redefine the existing teaching models within our organization and change them to models that meet the requirements we mentioned earlier. In order to do so, we have to involve all the members of our organization. The individuals who will truly implement the changes are those involved in the teaching learning processes. They are the ones who are going to put into practice the community's decision to opt for these types of models. All the participants should feel like they are essential actors and promoters of the online strategies.


It is the seventh most common cancer diagnosed worldwide, with approximately 890,000 new cases and 450,000 deaths each year according to global kinestimates. The incidence of HNCC is rising due to increased consumption of tobacco and alcohol, particularly in developing countries. Tobacco and alcohol have a synergistic effect, which can increase the risk of HNCC by up to 40 times. In developed countries, HP-related HNCC is more common than tobacco and alcohol-related disease, and it is associated with a much longer median survival rate of 130 months compared to 20 months. Lifestyle differences, access to health care, and socioeconomic status may also contribute to the higher incidence and worse prognosis of HNCC in certain populations. Pharmacotherapy and counseling have been found to be effective in reducing smoking and alcohol use. This article was authored by Adam Barsuk, John Sukumar Alluru, Prashant Rola, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.