Everybody forced here ripping the 21 22 contenders optic basketball hobby 10 bucks half case number 15 picker team style Adam H Spurs Alexandros Lakers boss S bucks Bernard H Celtics bohia B Clippers Bowie S Raptors Bradley C Hornets Brandon V Grizzlies Or Brandon V. I'm sorry CWM with the Kings Cesar Sons Chen Kai W with the Nets Chihao Pacers Clint B T Wolves Frank L Pistons and Warriors Jeffrey H Mavericks Harper B magic Hilton T Rockets in Thunder hero S. Nicks Kailor B 76ers Ken W Pelicans Nick N Bulls Oriol C nuggets Paul W. Cavs Our Chen Heats Vinny S Blazers Yifei Hawks Z June W jazz and Z-Hua S wizards. Thanks everybody for joining. Good luck So we'll have Star Wars on both sides. It's technically not a TCG and it's not sports So we can kind of do whatever we want with it. I think because late in gaming would be a trading card games which Star Wars at least top Star Wars is not So we can do it anywhere Love the way they package this year 10 out of 10 Package very well can't get him out of the box Oh, I bet just Had one drop yesterday Sean Was playing like all day yesterday, we'll probably do like every two weeks or so. Oh We're starting with the gold in the first pack here 75th anniversary primo for the spurs followed by a gold Donovan Mitchell jazz Two out of ten.  Oh, there's another card in here, too Maxi and a bead pick and roll sixers and a red ice look at donchets on the numbers game Not numbered Mavericks. Why you got silver bag leaf for the Pistons red clay Thompson warriors not numbered Larry Bird legendary contenders auto Numbered to 99 Larry legend for the seas you go Bernard uniformity John Marant Grizzlies Uniformity red ice tray young Hawks. Yeah, dude. I mean they just got beat by a superior team last night Does he even have a good team no roots for no, I didn't think so. No Magic rookie silver James Book Knight warriors red Kyrie Irving Nets rookie ticket auto blue for the Pistons Isaiah livers Number to 49 21 to 49 This is live uniformity Kevin Durant Nets and red ice Kate Cunningham uniformity rookie for the Pistons Thank you. Thank you Lillard got 75th anniversary McCall Bridges sons and a black Pandora Carmelo Anthony Lakers Nice card Lakers black Pandora not numbered. What about to a case? To a master case, I'd say Pacers rookie up-and-coming auto Dwayne Washington, Jr. Number 27 of 75 best pull recently is What was it recently a silver Celtics legendary tandem is mckaylin bird And red ice Yana sent to the Cumpo all-star aspirations bucks Sam pulled a gold vinyl Steph Curry yesterday Pulled a one-of-one Joe Borough Kaboom like whenever whatever absolute release day was I can't remember now Gold Brady Kaboom gold Herbert Kaboom. Yeah, I don't know best ever That's that's recently Cordell Stewart was pretty cool. Maybe not the biggest one of the coolest red and beads Sixers Silver sexton Cavaliers Recommendation for card shows whatever your local card show is Let's start local Chuck on the Sun's throwback auto nice on-card Chuck. That's not numbered. That's sick though for the Sun's Of course John. Thanks for joining man So you got the you got a black Pandora Mello and LeBron. That's pretty cool, man. That's awesome. Actually Nice Chuck there. We got Pacers all-star aspirations Paul George and red ice Trey young Jalen Johnson pick and roll Hawks red Desmond Bain Grizzlies Blue rookie ticket book night for the Hornets to 99 Nice in here Nuggets rookie ticket auto blue bones Highland Number 25 at a 35 variation hit God numbers game Nuggets Nikola Yokec Red ice Stockton Mello legendary Tannibs jazz check spots on the next one Let's see four to go were to go Laker Sixers Blazers wizards Four to go guys rakin next What up illegal?  I don't even know if that happened No idea honestly No dolphin. I'm the worst member of illegals fantasy basketball league for sure. Yeah easily I'm three and five which I guess isn't terrible What's up illegal, how you doing brother? 75th anniversary deer and Fox Kings Red season ticket Bagley for the Pistons Suns legendary contenders auto Amaris thought of Meyer Numbered four out of 75 That's good to hear so I like to hear Pick and roll silver garland and Mowgli for the Cavs and Steph numbers games silver for the Warriors Illegal, all right. What are you thinking about Michael Parsons talking about Jalen Hertz? He was saying like is it Jalen hers or is the team like talking about there ask him how good Jalen Hertz is I guess Parsons responded like is it Jalen hers or is the team? When did Michael Parsons become the lightning rod of like all these hot quotes and all these crazy like trying to start the pot? Silver Anthony Edwards T Wolves Silver Halliburton Pacers legendary contenders auto heat Gary the glove Peyton Sounds like it was a pretty close matchup illegal 72 to 75 heat. It's a whole lot of nothing essentially Lottery tickets Sacramento Kings Davey on Mitchell and Red Ice Donchich and Dinwiddie pick and roll Mavericks non numbered and how am I three and five you beat me so bad maybe if my players stop getting so hurt like Butler and Suggs and Everybody else. Yeah, I have a bench full of injured people You do that. Yeah, well, you can't get rid of them because they come back and someone scoops Yeah, teams whack red Steph Curry words who drafted my team. That's what I want to know Marcus smart blue numbered 39 of 99 for the seas. I don't do fancy basketball Bill Walton legendary contenders out of Celtics here to 149 and pick and roll Kyrie and Durant Nets Pick and Rolls Silver Shigelos Alexander Josh Giddy Thunder You'll find another way to do it arms. We'll just have to get him like breaking arms them to sell silver Eric Gordon 75th anniversary Rockets Red Isaiah Jackson Pacers rookie ticket auto Numbered to 99 Okay, see right now. Who'd you like before? Maxi and Embiid Sixers and blue ice Lamello uniformity 57 out of 75. There we go. That'll do it everybody Got more coming up next


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says, divide the sum of 12 upon 5 and minus 11 upon 6 by the product of minus 17 upon 10 and 2 upon 3. Now let's move on to the solution. First let's consider the rational numbers 12 upon 5 and minus 11 upon 6. We need to find the sum of these two rational numbers. This would be further equal to 12 upon 5 minus 11 upon 6. So now in the denominator we have 30. Since the LCM of the denominators of the two rational numbers that is 5 and 6 is 30 and we know that 5 6 times is 30 so here we have 12 into 6 minus now 6 5 times is 30 so this would be 11 into 5. So we have this is further equal to 72 minus 55 upon 30 which further is equal to 17 upon 30. So now we have the sum of the rational numbers 12 upon 5 and minus 11 upon 6 is equal to 17 upon 30. Next we need to find the product of the rational numbers minus 17 upon 10 and 2 upon 3. So minus 17 upon 10 into 2 upon 3 is equal to minus 34 upon 30. That is the product of the rational numbers minus 17 upon 10 and 2 upon 3 is equal to minus 34 upon 30. Now we know that 15 2 times is 30 and 17 2 times is 34 so we get the product of rational numbers minus 17 upon 10 and 2 upon 3 would be equal to minus 17 upon 15. We need to divide the sum of these two rational numbers that is 12 upon 5 and minus 11 upon 6 by the product of the rational numbers minus 17 upon 10 and 2 upon 3. So we have 17 upon 30 that is the sum of the given two rational numbers divided by the product of the given two rational numbers that is minus 17 upon 15. So this is equal to 17 upon 30 multiplied by 15 upon minus 17. Now the 17 cancels with the 17 and we know that 15 2 times is 30 so this would be equal to minus 1 upon 2. So our final answer is minus 1 upon 2. So this completes the session. Hope you have understood the solution for this question.


Welcome to George H. Smith's Excursions into Libertarian Thought, a production of Libertarianism.org and the Cato Institute, narrated by Daniel Highland. Thomas Paine vs. Edmund Burke, Part 4 In Part 1 of Rights of Man, 1791, Thomas Paine rebuts many of Edmund Burke's allegations about the early stages of the French Revolution. Part 1 also contains the most complete explanation of natural rights that Paine ever published, a presentation that impressed Thomas Jefferson, among many others, and it is this feature that I shall discuss in this installment and in the one to follow. Paine's theory of rights exemplifies both the strengths and weaknesses of the radical Republican theory of rights and government. Although well-suited to demolish Burke's theory of prescriptive rights, Paine's approach fails to solve a key problem posited by Burke, an objection that went back at least to the 1640s when Sir Robert Filmer argued that those who begin with natural rights in the state of nature, a society without government, are forever doomed to remain in that anarchistic condition, with no theoretical means to justify government. Regarding those who defend those abstract principles known as the rights of man, Burke wrote in Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790. Whilst they are possessed by these notions, it is vain to talk to them of the practice of their ancestors, the fundamental laws of their country, the fixed form of a constitution, whose merits are confirmed by the solid test of long experience and an increasing public strength and national prosperity. They despise experience as the wisdom of unlettered men. And as for the rest, they have wrought underground a mind that will blow up at one grand explosion, all examples of antiquity, all precedents, charters, and acts of parliament. They have the rights of men. Against these there can be no prescription. Against these no agreement is binding. These admit no temperament and no compromise.  Against these their rights of men let no government look for security in the length of its continuance or in the justice and lenity of its administration. The objections of these speculatists, if its forms do not quadrate with their theories, are as valid against such an old and beneficent government as against the most violent tyranny or the greenest usurpation. They are always at issue with governments, not on a question of abuse, but a question of competency and a question of title. Although pain fails to address directly the crucial objection that natural rights will logically render all governments illegitimate, he does deal with the problem indirectly in his constructive theory of rights and government. So let's take a look at his approach. Against Burke's theory of prescriptive rights, according to which members of the current generation are morally and juridically bound by the fundamental political decisions of their ancestors, pain argues that each member of each generation is born with the same natural rights as his or her ancestors. No person or group has the right to rule beyond the grave. Every age and generation must be as free to act for itself in all cases as the ages and generations which preceded it. The vanity and presumption of governing beyond the grave is the most ridiculous and insolent of all tyrannies. Man has no property in man. Neither has any generation a property in the generations which are to follow. The parliament or the people of 1688, or of any other period, had no more right to dispose of the people of the present day or to bind or to control them in any shape whatever. Then the parliament of the people of the present day had no more right to dispose of, bind or control those who are to live a hundred or a thousand years hence. Every generation is, and must be, competent to all the purposes which its occasions require. It is the living and not the dead that are to be accommodated. When man ceases to be, his power and his wants cease with him. And having no longer any participation he has no longer any authority in directing who shall be its governors or how its government shall be organized or how administered. No appeal to the supposed authority of antiquity and precedence can withstand critical scrutiny according to pain. Every generation has its ancestors and precedents so it is arbitrary to pinpoint a certain point in time and declare that to be the authoritative source of our political obligations. Those who lived a hundred or a thousand years ago were then moderns as we are now. They had their ancients and those ancients had others and we also shall be ancients in our turn. If the mere name of antiquary is to govern in the affairs of life the people who are to live a hundred or a thousand years hence may as well take us for a precedent as we make a precedent of those who lived a hundred or a thousand years ago. The fact is that portions of antiquity by proving everything established nothing. It is authority against authority all the way till we come to the divine origin of the rights of man at the creation. Here our inquiries find a resting place and our reason finds a home. When God i.e. the deistic God of nature bestowed equal rights on his creatures he did not restrict those rights to the first humans and then demand that future generations follow their decisions. Rather each generation is a new creation in effect endowed with the same rights as earlier generations and the same reasoning will apply to future generations. The circumstances of the world are continually changing and the opinions of men change also and as government is for the living and not for the dead it is the living only that has any right in it. That which may be thought right and found convenient in one age may be thought wrong and found inconvenient in another. In such cases who is to decide the living or the dead? We now come to an obvious question. If one generation cannot legitimately bind future generations then why should members of the present generation obey laws to which they did not personally consent? Here pain appeals to tacit consent a standard escape hatch in individualist versions of social contract theory. It requires but a very small glance of thought to perceive that although laws made in one generation often continue in force through succeeding generations yet that they continue to derive their force from the consent of the living. A law not repealed continues in force not because it cannot be repealed but because it is not repealed and the non-repealing passes for consent. Pain has nothing but contempt for Burke's complex theory of political obligation according to which we should revere not only our ancestors but also kings, parliaments, nobles, state clergy, and the like. With these intermediaries Burke created an artificial chasm between man and his maker and directed a succession of barriers or sort of turnpike gates through which man has to pass in order to fulfill his authentic duties. Pain protests while appealing like many libertarians of his day to the golden rule as the fundamental imperative of social interaction. The duty of man is not a wilderness of turnpike gates through which he is to pass by tickets from one to the other. It is plain and simple and consists but of two points his duty to God which every man must feel and with respect to his neighbor to do as he would be done by. If those to whom power is delegated do well they will be respected if not they will be despised with regard to those to whom no power is delegated but who assume it. The rational world can know nothing of them. Perhaps the most interesting and valuable part of Pain's discussion is his distinction between natural and civil rights. Civil rights, Pain contends, flow from natural rights. Civil rights are the means by which some natural rights are secured in a social context. Man did not enter into society to become worse than he was before nor to have fewer rights than he had before but to have those rights better secured. His natural rights are the foundation of all his civil rights. A few words will explain this. Natural rights are those which appertain to man in right of his existence. Of this kind are all the intellectual rights or rights of the mind and also all those rights of acting as an individual for his own comfort and happiness which are not injurious to the natural rights of others. Civil rights are those which appertain to man in right of his being a member of society. Every civil right has for its foundation some natural right pre-existing in the individual but to the enjoyment of which his individual power is not in all cases sufficiently competent. Of this kind are all those which relate to security and protection. The foregoing remarks may seem tame enough but as we shall see their radical implications become apparent as pain unravels his theory. In stark contrast to Burke who argued that people surrender all of their natural rights in society and must thereafter rely on conventional prescriptive rights. Pain argues that individuals surrender none of their natural rights in society. Rather, people merely delegate the power to protect and enforce those natural rights that they are unable to secure as individuals.


Myself Dr. Nitin Ramopadhyay working as assistant professor in Department of Humanities and Sciences. Today we will learn the topic fuel and a particular beat from that topic is comparison of types of fuels. This is the learning outcome for today's session. At the end of this session students will be able to describe definition, types and comparison of fuel. This is the content we are going to learn. First we will see definition of fuel, then we will learn what are the different types of fuels and finally we will learn how the fuels are compared over each other by referring the important characteristics of the fuel. Now what do you mean by the material fuel? Fuels are the materials which are used as a source of energy to perform different kind of domestic, industrial and transportation work. The substance which essentially consists of carbon as a major ingredient, which on burning in presence of air combines with atmospheric oxygen and forms corresponding products with the evolution of heat. The evolved heat is used for different kinds of work. So the fuel is a material which is rich in carbon on burning in open atmosphere. It combines with the atmospheric oxygen, forms the corresponding products along with the evolution of heat and that evolved heat is used for different kinds of work. The same here represented with chemical reaction. Now these are the types of fuels. There are three types of fuels such as solid fuels, example, wood, coal, peat, anthracite, etc. Second one is the liquid fuels, example, petrol, diesel, crude oil, kerosene, etc. And the third one, gases fuel, example, natural gas, biogas, chemical gas, etc. So these are the three types of fuel. Now just we'll start our main point that is how these fuels are compared over each other. So this is the first comparative point known as ignition temperature and this comparative point we have to compare on solid, liquid and gases fuel. Before comparing we'll see what you mean by ignition temperature. So ignition temperature is the minimum temperature at which the fuel is required to heat so that fuel undergoes combustion continuously. And a good fuel is which possesses moderate ignition temperature because higher ignition temperature causes difficulty to maintain and lower ignition temperature causes accident. And therefore by knowing the meaning of ignition temperature now we'll see the comparison. The solid fuels have higher ignition temperature, liquid fuels have moderate ignition temperature and gases fuels have lower ignition temperature. This is the second comparative point known as calorific value. Before starting the comparison again we'll see what you mean by calorific value. Calorific value is the capacity of fuel to supply heat when a unit mass of fuel is burned completely. Solid fuel contains low levels of carbon, liquid fuel contains moderate levels of carbon and gases fuel contain more levels of carbon. Therefore solid fuels have low calorific value, liquid fuels have moderate calorific value and gases fuels have higher calorific value. A good fuel is a fuel which possesses higher calorific value. Now just we have learned the explanation what you mean by calorific value that we can correlate with the definition of fuel also because the amount of the heat that is evolved by burning any fuel it mainly depends upon what is the level of carbon present in that fuel. If the carbon is more automatically the heat will be more. If the carbon is moderate the heat is moderate. And therefore here by learning the meaning of calorific value we know that the solid fuel possesses lower calorific value, liquid fuel possesses moderate calorific value, gases fuel possesses higher calorific value. And finally we have learned that a good fuel is a fuel which is rich in the calorific value because the heat is directly used for different kinds of work and therefore we are expecting that a good fuel should possess more calorific value. Now this is the third comparative point that is moisture content and what do you mean by moisture content? We know that the source of all types of fuels is in nature therefore there is a more possibility of coming moisture inside the fuel sample. Only the solid possesses more moisture, liquid possesses moderate and gases are free from the moisture content. So what is moisture content? It means the amount of water present in a fuel. The origin of all types of fuel is in nature. Solid fuels are mainly obtained from the trees. Therefore solid fuel consists of more moisture, liquid fuel consists of moderate moisture and gases fuel is free from moisture content and a good fuel is a fuel which is free from moisture content because moisture content is again related with the calorific value. If the moisture content is more the calorific value is low and if the moisture content is nil the calorific value is higher and therefore if you apply this knowledge for comparison we will come to know that the solid fuels are more in moisture content liquid fuels are moderate in moisture content and gases fuels are free from moisture content. Here I would like to ask you one question. A good fuel is a fuel which possesses dash dash ignition temperature. Just now we have learned ignition temperature and the question is that a good fuel is a fuel which possesses dash dash ignition temperature option A higher, option B lower, option C moderate and option D none of these. Think for a moment we will come with answer and the correct answer is option C moderate ignition temperature because we have learned if the ignition temperature is higher it is difficult to maintain and create and if the ignition temperature is low the possibility of catching the fire is more and therefore a good fuel is a fuel which possesses moderate ignition temperature. Now this is the next comparative point that is velocity of combustion. Now what is velocity of combustion? It means the speed at which the fuel undergoes combustion as solid fuels are low in carbon and more in moisture content. It shows lower velocity of combustion. The fuel consists of moderate levels of carbon and moisture. Therefore its velocity of combustion is moderate. Gaseous fuels are rich in carbon and free from moisture therefore it shows higher velocity of combustion and a good fuel is a fuel which possesses moderate velocity of combustion which is easy to maintain and to control also. So what is velocity of combustion? The speed at which the fuel undergoes combustion and it mainly depends upon the percentage of carbon also and the amount of non-combustible matter also and by referring that the comparison is that the solid fuel have the lower velocity of combustion liquid fuel have the moderate velocity of combustion gaseous fuels have the higher velocity of combustion. This is one more comparative point that is products of combustion. Now why we have to learn the products of combustion? Because when any fuel undergoes combustion depending upon the type and amount of non-combustible matter it emits some byproducts into atmosphere, into environment and that is related with the environmental quality. Nowadays we are facing lot of issues with environment and one of the major reason for environmental issues is the combustion products. What is that explanation? The solid fuel is rich in non-combustible matter, moisture and volatile matter. Therefore on combustion of solid fuel it emits ash and hazardous gaseous emissions on large scale. Whereas liquid fuel consist of elements like sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen which on combustion emits the corresponding gases as a harmful emission. So we know that the vehicular emissions are reaching oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen and that is nothing but the harmful products of combustion. Whereas gaseous fuels are free from non-combustible matter, moisture therefore it emits no combustion products and a good fuel is a fuel which does not emits any products on combustion. That's why nowadays we know that gaseous fuels are known as a clean source of energy because gases are free from non-combustible matter and impurity therefore it will not emit any kind of emission whereas solid emits more kinds of harmful products. This is also one of the comparative point that is storage and transportation. Solid fuel possesses higher ignition temperature therefore it will not catch fire easily and hence it can be stored or transported openly in atmosphere whereas liquid fuel possesses moderate ignition temperature therefore it may catch fire at lower or moderate temperature and hence it can be stored or transported through a closed system. Gaseous fuel possesses very low ignition temperature therefore it can be stored or transported through closed system under pressure. So it is mainly related with the safety and we know that solids have more ignition temperature therefore there is no possibility of catching the fire therefore it can be stored or transported openly. Liquid have moderate ignition temperature therefore it can be stored or transported close to atmosphere and gases are very low in ignition temperature therefore it can be stored or transported in a closed system under pressure. So all this I have referred by using a textbook of engineering chemistry written by Jain and Jain. Thank you.


Covalent Bonds In this video you are going to learn about covalent bonds, how they are made and how they form. If you haven't seen it already, first have a look at our video Structure and Bonding. Only the noble gases exist naturally as single atoms. All the other elements of the periodic table have partially filled valent shells or outer electron shells. Atoms bond by swapping or sharing electrons in their outer shells. When very different atoms react, like metals and non-metals, they normally swap electrons. This is ionic bonding. But when similar atoms react, like non-metals combining with other non-metals, they share electrons. This is covalent bonding. Non-metals are found on the right hand side and upper part of the periodic table. Some common non-metals are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and the halides. They have shells of electrons that are normally half or more than half full of electrons. Since they have a strong attraction for a few additional electrons, it is energetically unfavorable for them to lose electrons, so they share electrons by overlapping orbitals. This makes a bonding orbital or covalent bond that contains two electrons. If there is space in the outer shell, a non-metal atom can form double or triple bonds, like in oxygen or nitrogen. In the displayed formula of a compound, we represent a covalent bond with a straight line, like this. We can also represent a covalent bond as a dot and cross diagram. These diagrams show only the valence electrons. To learn more about dot and cross diagrams, watch our video on dot and cross diagrams. Covalent bonds are directional, which means they are in a fixed position, like holding hands. This is different from ionic bonds, which are formed with an electrostatic attraction between charged ions. The overlap between orbitals means that the atoms in covalent bonds are very close. These things make covalent bonds strong. There are two kinds of covalent structure. Small molecules, like water, and giant compounds, like diamond. Because the electrons in the bonds are evenly shared, bonds are not polarized. There is little attraction between molecules, and forces between molecules are weak. Compounds made from small covalent molecules have low melting and boiling points, and are volatile. They also don't conduct electricity. Carbon and silicon tend to form giant covalent compounds. These bond in the same way, but instead of forming small molecules with one or two bonds, they form four, making up huge lattices or chains of many, many linked up atoms, the basis of the organic chemistry of carbon or the chemistry of rocks. One common example is diamond, which is made of carbon. Each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds, because it has four electrons in its outer shell to share, and has space for four more. If every carbon atom forms four bonds with four other carbon atoms, and each of these forms four bonds with four other carbon atoms, and each of these forms four bonds, we very quickly end up with a very large structure. These compounds have very high melting and boiling points, because you have to break covalent bonds, rather than intermolecular forces, to make them free enough to act as liquids or gases. The covalent bonds hold them rigidly in place in the giant lattice. Allotropes of non-metals bond covalently. Allotropes are different structures of the same element. You can learn more about these in our video, Allotropes of Non-Metals. So to finish, here is a challenge for you. Which of these compounds are covalent? Pause the video for a moment whilst you think. Have you considered their physical properties and where the elements come from on the periodic table? Solved it? Okay. The answer is, all of these compounds are covalent. Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methanol are all small molecules. Organic molecules form covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon. C70 is a fullerene, a carbon molecule shaped like a rugby ball, closely related to the Buckminster Fullerene. Silicon dioxide is a giant covalent structure and just like diamond, but has oxygen atoms bridging between four coordinate silicon atoms. Hopefully, you now feel confident identifying covalent compounds and recognizing their properties.


I'm Deme and I'm originally from Greece, but I've been living in UK for the past eight or nine years. Currently I'm a contractor with A&D networks. We do show-related websites, we do TV channels. So it's quite exciting because we have quite a few different opportunities. We basically, the UK offices take care of the international ones as well. Across Europe, South Africa, Middle East. So it's quite exciting for me because I get to implement a lot of Drupal related modules and functionalities with multilingual, et cetera, et cetera. So that is a great opportunity. I've been with them for a couple of months. So it actually ties in very well with this Drupal camp because I wanted to investigate different ways of achieving road mumps. So yeah, I have been in Drupal camp a couple of times before. I'm absolutely certain I was here in 2015. It was back when we were kind of expecting Drupal 8, but not quite sure where it was going to happen. And it was quite an exciting time because it was the first week talks. It was quite exciting back then. And for me it was really interesting to be in the Drupal camp because I got to hear all the news as they were happening, contextualize things I would hear online, even accidentally fall upon talks on areas that I would have never imagined looking into. So that is why I'm really interested in Drupal camp. But this year especially is more targeted. I followed a little bit of the design route because after a significant chunk of time doing mostly back-end, I'm back to doing all-around. So it's really interesting to get some information of whether you're doing the right thing and seeing what's the newest and bestest kind of implementation of modular front-end, component-driven and so forth. So I had some very, very exciting talks I went to. And tomorrow I'm looking into the multilingual multi-site implementation. Yeah, so it's quite exciting times.


first asked engineer 2024. Happy new year everybody. It's us this engineer. Yeah, we're back asking near broadcasting live from downtown Manhattan. It's me, Lady A to the engineer with me, Mr. Lady on camera control. Another year break times over bitches. It's time to do electronics. The next hour you're going to hear ranting new product videos. Another way maybe. I'm your Uber driver.  Tutorials, videos, and more. We're starting the year off a little bit slow, but still we're getting stuff going on. Even some, it's not out yet and a whole bunch of preview vids. So come on by. We're broadcasting on like Instagram, YouTube, Twitch. All the places and the best place. So if you want to ask questions or do stuff, we get to those at the end, but we also do some real time is in discord, adafruit.it slash discord, discord.gg slash adafruit. We'll go over that soon, but let's kick it off and tell you what's on tonight's show. On tonight's show, the code is TPS boost 10% off the native fruit star all the way up to 1159 p.m. Eastern time or when I remember to turn off the code that gets you 10% off anything in stock and we only ship the things that we have in stock. That's why when you order something from us, it ships. Usually within a few hours or the next morning. Use it or lose it. We've got a bunch of stuff in stock. Time travel. We're going to take a look around the makers, hackers, artists, engineers. We've got some news, some Adabox updates, and more. We're going to talk about the live shows, including show and tell, which we just did. A little bit of JP product pick of the week recap. We're going to be talking about some open source hardware news. We saw an interesting article about Arduino and counterfeits in clones and manufacturing around the world. We'll talk about that. And we'll also go over some of our open source hardware designs from the Adafruit learning system. And more. We got some New York City factory footage. We got a 3D printing recap from 2023. And we also have a speedup. We're going to do some Ion NPI that's brought to you by Digikey this week. It's a microchip. Thank you, Digikey, for making those possible. We've got a bunch of top secret this week. We've been doing a bunch. So you can watch some of the things that are about to go into the store, play those videos, and we also have a couple designs we'll share with you. We've got some new products. We'll answer your questions. We did that on Discord. Don't forget. I already have a question lined up that folks asked us, so I got that. But feel free to put them in there. And then you can also post them in all that. And you guessed it. That's going to do. Okay. Introduction to the code to be a smooth. We have free stuff later. What do we get? We still have our freebies. $99 or more. You get this beautiful PCB coaster with a gold Adafruit design on it and four little bumpers so it won't scratch desk. We also have still the KB 2040 a lovely pro micro micro pinout compatible microcontroller board with the RP 2040 chip, eight megabytes of flash memory, a STEM IQT port, two buttons, neopixel, and cast-related pads. We've also got free UPS ground shipping on orders $199 or more. And lastly, still $299 or more, you will get a circuit playground express or all the one microcontroller board with the SAMD 21. That's for microchip, which is IMPI sponsored this week. Lots of LED sensors, buttons, piezos, capacitive touch pads and more. Okay. Let's just kick it off time travel. Somebody just go over some news and stuff. Yeah. Move through time. Time traveling. Third time. Air of time. Can't unbrick it. Entropy. Air of time. Okay. Happy 2024 from Adafruit. We have a bunch of kind of recaps and more. Do check our site. But I guess the biggest news that we want to mention is we did it. We were able to ship some Adaboxes. Yes. Down to the wire at the end of 2023. So thank you, everyone who got back to us. We did a very limited run because we had to turn on this machinery from post chip shortage. Thousands of thousands of Adaboxes go out. We needed to make sure we can get the parts wrong. Lots of redesigns. You're up to like 600 plus redesigns already. And out of 630. Yeah. Really getting to the end. So what we did was the folks that subscribed to Adabox from the very beginning and have stayed with us, we contacted a group of those folks and we said, Hey, we have an Adabox for you. Just can you update your shipping and payment information? Also, here's a link to our Adabox information on our website because we understand all there is is like phishing attacks and everything and everyone pretends to be someone. It is rough until the world out there. So yeah. So we were able to get our limited number. And if you go to adabox.com, you can see where we have our updates. So we have our December 19th update. Good news. We're able to ship some of these. We have an updated video where we talk about this. You can still sign up for when we get through this next batch. We're able to ship more. We just have to of course get all these things together. Everyone's getting back from holiday break. We'll be shipping out a bunch. We can't tell you what place you are in the line. We want to not do that, but we will make sure you get an email and you can update your payment information. We hope to get through these as fast as possible and then we're on to the next Adabox and then we have a bunch of more subscription style things going. But this is a big year for us with getting started. So if you have any questions about it, you can always email supportedadafruit.com. The best thing to do if you're an Adabox subscriber is just log into your account when you can and just make sure your shipping address is current and your payment information is current because what we do is we don't charge until we ship these. So when we do, and even if we do have your Adabox come up and one of those things is not correct, like your shipping address is invalid now and maybe your payment information has expired, we'll still give you a chance of course to update it. But why go through the mirror and get ahead of it. Do now.   What's funny is we had someone who came by and they're like, oh my gosh, you're still doing show and tell. And I think the last time I saw them like 10 years ago, we've been doing this for a decade. So we do a live show and show and tell was this week, we kicked it off in the new year. Few folks came by Jeff Jeppler had resin keycaps and more we also I also talked briefly about some open source digital camera things the memento, but check out Jeff's resin keycaps as Jeff has explored building and making all these things. Mark D stopped by with a very neat project. I think the neatest thing isn't just project is just how you do it.  Super cool. Yeah. So it's it's like 3d printing, but even better sometimes. BCG came by with keyboards. This was being able to remap devices, put your own firmware in it. It's called Vio, but I think in GitHub it's called like keyboard firmware. We have a link to it in discord, you can check that out. But if you're interested in making your own keyboard, this had circuit playground and the key or numpad. And so you can check that out.  And all these things allow you, including like the open source digital camera that we just made. We'll be able to ship it more of those soon. There's not like multiple key all over. You can make your own keyboard. You can make your own screen. You can make your own mouse. You can make your own. These are all things that it's a good learning experience because everything's kind of sealed up and like how does this work or one of the things I was, I'm not a fan of, but I get it. You get a really cool accessory for your computer, but it requires like this kind of bloated app that's always in your tray. Well, you don't need to do it this stuff. You can just have it, the firmware is on the device and you can take it anywhere it just shows up as a keyboard. Yeah. So anyways, and then Tony came by with some martial arts timers. So if you wanted to make your own timer, whether it be like for matches or scores or whatever you wanted to do, neat, neat first electronics project, showed the cool prototype, had all the different pieces, and then just up by with some 3D models and more, some vintage MakerBot, ABS plastic. It was really neat to see the models that were printed. This was like a really, one of them was like a beautiful aerial mermaid. Yeah. And they're like some like anime characters and stuff. Yeah. So come on by. We do the show and tell every single week. You could, if you're a time traveler and you want to know what we're doing on a Wednesday, we're very predictable. Yeah. Time travelers are welcome because they look exactly where we are, like every Wednesday. Yeah. For the time traveler, you could do, you could do a show and tell once a year. For us, it would be once a year for you. You could just do them all on our own. So show and show your projects. It can be richer stuff. It can be things that you discovered or found. It can be places you're going to that has something to do with making anything. It doesn't have to be it for itself most of the time. So do come on by and we'll see you on the show and tell next week. We have co-hosts sometimes. Sometimes it's GP, sometimes it's some of the folks from the Aid for Team. So come on by and say hello and show and share your stuff. Speaking of, we do a live show called JP's Workshop. And in JP's Workshop, there's product pick of the week. Here is this week's highlight, broadcast live from the product page. Discount automatically applied. Here is what JP showed off this week. Max 31-856 thermocouple amplifier. It is a universal thermocouple amplifier, so we can use all the different types of thermocouple probes. A Feather M4 here, and I've got this nice little display. My ambient temperature right now is 68.2 degrees Fahrenheit. I'll go ahead and plunge that in the icy ice water bath here, and we can see we're getting down to around 37.8 degrees or so. Take that out and that will rebound I think faster if you're not using the metal-ended probe, just because that's got some thermal mass to it. If I grab that with my fingers there, you can see I'm starting to raise that temperature pretty quickly. And then this was some water I boiled for tea earlier, so if I plunge that into there, you can see we're quickly getting up to around 120 degrees or so Fahrenheit. It is the Max 31-856 universal thermocouple amplifier. Okay, don't forget JP's Workshop is tomorrow. And then on Friday is a 2PM Pacific 5PM eastern time deep dive with Tim. Let's do some Python on hardware. Okay, this week is going to be a little differently, Dana. Why? Well, there's an intersection of open source hardware, open source hardware news, Python on hardware, all the stuff we're doing. And speaking of nostalgia, because we had folks who saw us 10 years ago doing show and tell, I've been covering open source hardware beat for a long time and there's new and interesting... She covers you at some point. It is. You're trapped in here with me. So in our newsletter, we were walking around and Lady8 is like, hey, did you see the newsletter? I'm like, yeah, I started looking at it. And one link that was in there that Anne put in there that was really neat. So besides MicroPython version 122 out, do check that out. Interferences sponsor both financially and with our code of MicroPython. We're very proud of that. Go to GitHub and you can sponsor them if you want. We do a yearly donation to keep MicroPython going. That's what we base CircuitPython off of. But the article was on TechCrunch, which is a little weird. TechCrunch used to cover hardware a little bit more. And this was a surprise for me to see it. I don't know anyone at TechCrunch anymore. Lamor spoke at CrunchFair. I don't know what's the name of that? What was the tech crunch event? You were on right before... The genius guys. The lyric genius and Bill Blasio. And he was like three hours late. He was really late. But he's really tall. TechCrunchExpo or something. Yeah, maybe. Or was it like CrunchFest? I don't know the name of it. Crunchy. It's like cereal. Crunchman. Crunchyman. So anyways, what are we talking about? Well, we're talking about TechCrunch. TechCrunch had an article. And the article was... And I saw this in our newsletter because Arduino has moved to doing more Python on hardware a million years ago when Arduino had a dispute between... There was two Arduinos at one point. We were helping the good guys manufacture Arduinos. And for us, this is very interesting. And then there's this question about what is a clone and counterfeit sale? Let me go to this. So the article is called... You can go to TechCrunch and search for it on Google, whatever web search you use. Arduino Exploring India Manufacturing to Limit Counterfeit Sales. Now, here is my gripe about this article. So this is a rant maybe? I don't know. I did promise a rant. This article... I don't think it was on purpose, but this always happens. So at this point, I'm going to say like... The article is basically somewhere saying there's counterfeit Arduinos and that's the problem with India. So the quote here is in India, there's 3.2 million downloads of the Arduino IDE, but in India, that's for Arduino sales, it's less than 1%. And the CEO now of Arduino says considers fake Arduino boards the key reason for this discrepancy. Now, the problem with saying this is it's open source hardware. Now, if it says Arduino and it's a counterfeit, it says Arduino, the Arduino branding, that's different than fake boards because then it goes on to say that there's compatibles, there's other Arduinos, and then there's knockoffs from China. The problem is it's kind of like, well, blame open source hardware or blame counterfeits or blame stuff. And Lady Aida may have a different or another opinion. So here's what's not going on in India. There's not full on identical counterfeit trademark infringing Arduinos that are flooding the market in India. It's like ESP32s and other hardware 3.2 million downloads. That's what it actually is. And to have an opinion, which is that the thing is that there's no way to know because there's no telemetry on what people are actually just flying. I don't think there should be telemetry. The other thing is Arduino changed a lot. They have venture capital and we don't know now, but I think the top contributor still to Arduino libraries, but we don't get information about the downloads. We don't get information about what boards are used. There used to be that, but I get it. Companies change. But the thing when you read this article, and I think this is where Arduino needs to make it really clear, please don't get open source hardware confused with counterfeits because, yeah, there's people using Arduino compatibles, but don't call those counterfeits. They're Arduino compatibles, open source hardware. And if you look at what people are actually using, they're not, they're not using, you know, Arduino shaped, you know, 15 year old Arduino designs. In India, they're using things like ESP32. They're downloading the ID for different reasons. It's not a trademark infringing Arduino. It's an Arduino compatible. And I think that, you know, just saying knock off some China, like it doesn't really help people want to get involved with hardware either. So the other part of this is they call them clones. So Arduino says that the company currently sells one original board for every five to six clones in the market. So this is where it gets confusing again. So a clone is different than a counterfeit. So now they're blaming clones or compatibles or compatibles. Yeah. And it says it's a challenge because we are an open source and make money from selling original hardware. Okay. So the clones and counterfeits are a big chunk of the market. So now the quote is clones and counterfeits. So this is now saying clones and counterfeits are equal. No, they're not a clone hardware. So Adafruit, at one point we even had the same, like trademark attorney is, as Arduino. So there's Adafruit clones. It's great. Tons. Yeah. It's fine. My boards are Adafruit clones. Please, please go and make Adafruit clones. We don't mean put the word Adafruit on the board. That would be an Adafruit counterfeit clones are fine. It's compatible clones. This is the point of doing hardware and getting it out there, especially to some markets that can't get it. Like Adafruit can't serve India. There's a lot of Arduino clones in India. I'm not expecting it to. And I think another thing is like I said, we don't have telemetry. We don't know what they're using. I actually have an opinion that I don't believe a lot of people are using at Mega328 compatible. Maybe there's some. But I think the vast majority are using WiIMOs, ESP32 and ESP80T66 boards because they're IoT and they're like $2. And like I think the challenge is that's what people are using and that's not a counterfeit or clone. It's something that works with the board package capability of the Arduino IDE. So normally I'd write an article, but I just wrote an article not too long ago about the changing faces of open source hardware. And this is the kind of thing I was talking about in my article, because it's like, you know, you're conflating things. Please don't do this. So here's the other quote. Arduino is looking to address problem of fake boards globally by making the hardware more sophisticated, which makes it more difficult to counterfeit. Okay. So there's reasons to add complexity and features, but it seems like if you're adding hardware to make it harder to copy, that's not the mission of education, open source. It's if you're purposely doing it like DRM chips and just like, let's make it so complicated, no one can make it. What's the point? The whole point about open source hardware is to make it so other people can also make it. So I mean, I think the innovating constantly is good, but like in using sophisticated parts, but I think that there's a little bit of like a miss, there's a mismatch between like, look, you know, make more advanced boards, we want to make more advanced boards, but like that is not, like believe me, any single mic controller board that Arduino or anybody can design, you can send to a reverse engineering company and within a week, they'll send you a full schematic and we give you CAD files. And on the other hand, they released the CAD files for the non pro series. So it's like, it's a little bit like, you know, I think there's a lot of mix and match. Like for example, they talked about like the UNO R4, that's open source hardware, they released all the files. Yeah. So I feel like, you know, and when I wrote about how some companies that were doing open source hardware, they take funding, they stopped doing open source hardware, they eventually blame open source hardware.  Well, no, it's that's not the problem. There's not Prusa counterfeits. There's 3d printing market is really tough. And I was, I managed to get some, some interview time with some of these companies. We're considered a competitor. So often no one wants to talk to me anymore about this stuff. Even though this is kind of the thing I wrote, but you know, here's an interesting comment. This at the end of this TechCrunch article. The person says, as your article observes, Arduino boards are open source. Let me, I made it big so I could see it. Let me show you here. Boop. There's a C, yeah. Minus key? There's a minus key. There's a minus key. There's a tiny keyboard here. There's a little, the smallest keyboard in the world. Yeah. So the person says, as your article observes, Arduino boards are all open source. All hardware and software designs documents are freely available. So calling alternative sources rip-offs is prejudicial. So that's how I feel is like maybe don't call, like you have to be careful with these words because I think people who are interested in doing hardware now are going to be like, I'm just going, they're just going to be counterfeits everywhere. It's different than clones. And then the other thing is, if you have a bunch of funding and your investors are saying make us money, and maybe it's hard to develop hardware now, you're like, well, all these counterfeits, got to blame the counterfeits. That's not really good for all of us. And purposely making the hardware more complex, do add features, do add new chips. But if you're making it more complex because you want to try to stop people from copy and pasting and that's from the article, that's not the mission that we all signed up for. And Arduino is built on open source hardware and open source software. So that's my like mini article that I'm not going to get a chance to write. This is important, I think, especially as all of us who do open source see our things now getting put into closed source stuff. So anyways, I hope that Arduino opens up a factory and does open source hardware in India. That's the best solution. They're talking about that. I don't necessarily think that making it more complex and conflating clones and counterfeits is good. This has been going on for years, by the way. And like, we've looked at our old shows, but please don't confuse people with this because one is trademark infringing. It's a counterfeit. It's using your name. It's pretending to be you. And one's a clone. And that just means it's compatible. Separate those two. And, you know, blaming seeing 3.2 million downloads is like lost revenue is not that's not that's not lost revenue. That's people downloading ID and they're just using other stuff because open source software. So that's the newsletter. And that's the open source hardware news. You can sign up for exciting newsletters like this that will make you think over on 8 for daily.com. That's where we deliver this. Okay, let's talk about our open source hardware designs, Lady, where we have thousands of them. And I don't think we have one new guy. Yeah. And let me give you this. Yeah. So we're, by the way, we're stuck doing open source hardware forever. Because we said we're going to do it in all these videos. Those standards do it. And someone would do a supercut of us saying we're doing it. And then, and then if we don't, they'll be like, look at look at this 20 hour compilation. So we're stuck.  We're making more mental cameras waiting for some camera models to show up. But if you have one, check out the guy JP's also writing some pages on it. We also have a guide on using the USB host feather wing in Arduino with the Max 3421. This is like a classic USB host chip, but it works very well. And we have TV USB support for it, which I think is really cool. Eventually one day we'll have circuit Python support for it. Not quite yet, but coming soon. And then the fader wave sent from JP and the meopacil shoelaces. I think those were like two weeks ago, but I don't remember if we talked about them. But another two projects and we're going to get, you know, people going to come back in about a week or two, you're going to see more guides after everyone comes back. Well, Weston, don't forget, we also have playground. So if you go to learn data for tech home, there's a little playground link. This is where you, anyone can post your guides and more. This is a really neat thing. This is a wave builder construct, Cynthia, a wave table from a list of oscillators. You can do a two-handed mouse. All the code is there. We love you to post the code. Here is an electric fireplace chair. Everyone wanted to try out the playground. So she like made a pretty big guide. So these are, we wanted a place online where anyone could view the guides that you make. You don't have to have a log in. I know a lot of other sites that they're advertising model, they make you log in or there's ads and stuff. We don't do any of that. We don't do tracking.  All you have to do is go to learn and start publishing. Let's do some factory footage. Okay, 3d printing. We have a recap of 2023 that we're going to show. I don't know, Pedro did an amazing job on this. And then we're going to do a speed-up. So we'll see on the other side. It's about three, four minutes altogether. Take it away. And don't forget the code is TPS boost, 10% off native from the store. There's free stuff as well. Let's do some on API. On API brought to you by DigiKey. This week it is MicrochipLady8a. What is exciting and new from new product introductions this week? I'm glad you asked. This week our pick of the beginning of the year is going to be the pick kit from Microchip. They have a new pick kit 5. So it's a fifth generation. This is your pick. This is my pick. And you know, I've had a pick kit. So this is like I'm familiar with this device. You know, I bought one a very long time ago to program pick 16F84 microcontrollers. And they've improved it greatly since then. So this is the fifth generation available at DigiKey and it's in stock. So as you might expect, you know, it works with MPLAB, MPLAB X, which is against the 10th version. The fifth generation adds more and more support for chips. I don't know what generation they added support for AVRs. But one of the nice things is this is one of the few programmers that supports, you know, SWD, JTAG, PIC, AVRs, various styles and techniques, and different, you know, MIPS chips, etc. It's a very wide range tool. So let's take a look. So inside is a at SEM E70. So it's like a 300 megahertz Cortex M7 processor. So it's a pretty beefy device. It's got Bluetooth built in, which I'll talk about in a little bit probably a Groving Networks module. And it can communicate, it can power the target, it can be powered by the target. It's got an SD card and various buffers and analog scalers. And the thing that's cool about it is, like I mentioned, it isn't just like an old school PIC, you know, 16F or 24 or whatever, my controller, it's a programmer or DSPIC, it's also for the AVR series, the SAM series, and the CEC series. So, you know, ever since Microchip purchased Atmel, like almost 10 years ago, eight years ago, they've been solely integrating AVR and Atmel chip support into everything, and they have it here. So on the board, there is an 8-pin connector. And you see on the left hand side, like it says 8-pin SIL, that's like a single inline connection. And you kind of pick and choose which pins you're going to use for your debug interface. So you can see, like, if you're using UPDI, you're going to use Reset, VTarget, that's the power of the target, Ground and Data. Whereas, if you're using AVR JTAG, you're going to use almost all the pins because you have to have TDO, TCLOV, TDI and TMS. But also supports TPI, ISP, UPDI and debug wire, which is not a lot of programmer support. If you have like an old style Arduino compatible with an Atmega, I think the 328 and 324 had debug wire support, which I honestly never got using because I never had a debug wire debugger. So this is a programmer and debugger. I think this image was drawn in like the mid 90s and they've been using it since I've seen this drawing multiple times. So as expected, it supports all the PIC chips. It can generate high voltages. Some of them require like the Mclard pin to go up to 12 volts for high voltage programming. It can do it. It also, like I said, supports debug wire, which is a one wire debugging system. Again, I have not used it, although I wanted to. I believe it's supported at mega 328, whatever series. There's also TPI. TPI is used for small AT tiny chips. I've definitely used this. It only uses like two or three pins, data clock and reset.  There are enough pins for SPI. So you get away with the TPI interface. There's also high voltage AV, HV, SP and HVPP. Obviously, you don't usually need this as much unless you're like really messed up your mic controller or you have something like you're using a new PDI, programmable chips, which is like the latest AT tiniest. You can use the UPDI pin as a reset pin, but then you have to use high voltage programming mode in order to enable it. You need 12 volts. So yeah, and in this case, it'll generate that 12 volts for you, which is very nice because it's a total pain in the ass to generate and create that pulse if you don't have a program and it supports it. I would recommend, I did not purchase the adapter and I am purchasing the adapter now because you know, if you want to connect all these wires up to your dev board, especially if you have JTAG or SWD, there's standard cables and connectors and this is a little dongle that like plugs into the side of the picket five and then gives you all like all the cables and adapters. You can also just craft your own honestly, but it's handy. Okay, but then the best part about this, the thing that I think is the thing that makes it the pick of the year because we just started. So this is the best NPI of the year is the program to go ability, which I think is new and is really neat because a common thing that I've bumped into in my life is I need to, I want to give somebody a programmer.  Maybe like, you know, I don't want to install it or there's like driver issues. I just want to be like, look plug this thing in and in the field, you press the button and it programs in the the flash and the fuses, whatever that you need. And once in a while you can get like, I think Seger has one for SWD, but it's really, really expensive. So this is like a hundred bucks. And it has a little micro SD slot on the back. You can see with an MP lab, you have to generate the program file. So you have to like in MP lab, like create the thing that tells it the chip and the code and the fuses. But once you have that program file, you put that on the SD card and then you slot it in. And then if it doesn't connect to USB, you just press the button. And there's like an LED strip that tells you what's going on and it will just program it in the field without a computer as many times as you want, super fast and repeatedly. So there is an LED strip and there's like, there is a little bit of like feedback of like, oh, like blinking purple means it's programming. And you know, it does work in the field without a display. However, I will say I would recommend they have an iOS and Android app that you can use and it will like give you more information like if it couldn't connect or there was a failure in verification. And you can also select which file you want to upload to your device. So if you have like multiple programs and multiple different chips, you're like, oh, this is for the ABR or this is for the UPDI, whatever, you select it and then you press program and go. So basically you have like, you know, you can't compile on the, on through the app, but you can select which program file you want to upload via Bluetooth. And this is iOS, but there's also Android as well available in stock. You can actually buy it. I can't even imagine how much they had to delay this because the Sammy 70 being Cortex and seven, I'm sure was like very limited during the chip shortage. But we're seeing all sorts of hardware we appear. So this just popped up in the digikey slash new. Yeah, I'm pretty, I was pretty sore about microchip because it was really difficult dealing with them. The humans who were just being a little shifty during the park shortage.  It was a crazy night. I know. What do you like, you know, happy to have them on here. It was tequila. It was not enough sims. And you know, it was desperate times and we all did something. We did get the chips eventually. We did get the chips eventually. It was just, it was, it was desperate. It was, it was, it was now that you can get chips. It was grim. It's a perfect time to pick. So everything's fine now. Love me some microchip. Let's put this is cheaper than the ABR ice or at no ice. So it's like cheaper than most programmers. You get the bluetooth on the go programming and it supports the entire family of chips. What I'm saying is it's all fine. And if you live through the chip shortage, we got hit so bad. And even us were like, you know what, it's totally fine microchip sending you a Christmas car. You're back on the nice list. Okay. Um, it's true. Let's see a video about it. Let's see a video and then that'll be okay. The pick kit five can also program targets without the need for a host computer using the tools programmer to go feature. This allows one of several pre-programmed program images to be selected and read from a fat 32 formatted micro SDHC card inserted into the tool. The memory card can be programmed from the MP lab X IDE in the project properties dialogue. Go to the pick it five category then the programmer to go option category to set up the programming details. Next select the programmer to go menu item from the make and program button. Alternatively use the IP application into advanced mode. Then choose the required hex file. Select the settings tab. Adjust the programming settings as required. Then click the programmer to go button to commence programming the card. When using programmer to go in the field, power for the pick it five can often be obtained from the target hardware. So typically only a connection from the tool to the target is required. Remote programming is initiated by pressing the button under the pick it logo. Press and hold this same button to reset the pick it five in case of error or after inserting a new memory card. Okay, we're going to jump right into new products after we do the code. Yep. Yes, boost user or lose it. Okay, Lady, let's do it. That works. This engineering thing doesn't work out. There's always your singing career Lady to what the baby loves my singing. What is the new products? Okay, we got the tiniest LEDs known to man. They're coming to pack a 50 because they are so small. It's just one millimeter by one millimeter neopixel LEDs. But a photographer is great at macro photography. Look at this like beautiful photo. You can see the little bonded LED in the green, red and blue dyes. There are neopixels. So on the bottom, there's four pads. And you provide power ground did in, did out, you can chain them. They're extremely tiny. They're fairly bright. They draw five milliamps per. I will say, you know, having used these, if you're going to place a ton of them, like dozens on a PCB, you do have to provide some heat sinking somehow.  And before you know it, you know, the density makes them heat up quite a bit, but they're tiny and they're cute. And we have them in a strip, pet tape strip of 50 pieces. Not hand solderable. I would use either a hot plate or hot air, but even hot air is tough because again, they're so small, they'll blow away. Next up, a little handy USB switch. We were going to use this for a project. You have one USB port and you have two devices and you want to switch between two different devices, like what would connect to the USB port as the peripheral you want to max. So this is what it is. So if you go to the first photo. So on the top and the bottom of the USB host connection, so it's ground D minus D plus and five volts. And there's a USB-C port with the 5.1K resistors required to kind of make it a standard USB 2.0 port. And then by default, port one is connected. But then if you flip, I think S is pulled low by default to be pulled high, port two is connected. And then if you pull it low, port one is going to be flipped back and forth as much as you want. There's a switch inside, a little chip in the middle that is designed for USB 2, 480 mega bit per second speed. So it can be used with video devices and high speed USB devices. It doesn't cut power, which is a pro or con, just something to watch out for. That's a great feature. This is not what I want. Yeah, it depends. If you want to cut the power, this is not it. It will switch only the data lines, which means your devices stay powered, but they have to know that they're being re enumerated. And I will say that some micro controllers, depending on the USB stack, will not re enumerate.  But like, you know, I think I had like a trinket and it didn't. So what you want to do is if you have a micro controller and you're running your own USB stack, either add code to detect that you lost USB connection and re enumerate, or you'll want to also connect that like the S pin or whatever that's controlling the S pin, also reset the micro controller to tell it, Hey, I want you to kick again, start over and try re enumerating USB because a lot of them, you know, only will they try the USB connection at the beginning. Again, for my controllers, for a lot of like, your mice, keyboard, you know, USB serial adapter, they'll even be fine because they're all using hard coded USB interfaces that will reconnect when the data reset. So maybe handy. It's not a hub. It's a switch, one or the other. Okay. And the strategy besides you, Lady data, our team, our customers, our community, everyone who does open source hardware and share things, it is this QTPS 61040 booster. I use this chip in a lot of our OLED and TFT displays when I have to generate a 12 volt signal or even higher. It's adjustable. The chip is adjustable. This breakout is not. Again, it's for OLEDs. Sometimes if I have, you know, a lot of LEDs in a row, it's not a very powerful booster. You're only going to get like 40, 50 milliamps, maybe a little bit more if you give it five volts and you only give it three, like 2.8, whatever to six volts input, it'll boost up to 12 volts. And sorry, the input is two to six volts output is 12 volts. Again, you know, 40 to 80 milliamps or so. Not very powerful, but it's inexpensive and small and simple. And, you know, again, when you don't need a lot of current, for example, I talked about high voltage programming microcontrollers earlier, sometimes you just need a 12 volt signal on the reset line to tell it, hey, you know, I'm putting you into this high voltage programming mode. I want you to kick out of whatever, you know, set up your end and permit me to do high voltage programming or your programming e-prom and you need to power it from 12 volts, but you don't need more than 50 milliamps. This will work just fine. It's a lot easier than getting your own separate 12 volt power supply. So a little handy mini booster. Again, I use this chip a lot to replace the fan 5331, which is no longer made. I think we chatted about this on a great search because I need to find a replacement. So I'm going to use this all the time because I'm always like, I need 12 volts or something and this board will supply. Now there's new products. All right, you can use that code. Now it all makes sense to PS Boost. There's also the free stuff there. You can post up your questions. I got a bunch lined up over on Discord. However, we're going to show the top secret why you're doing that. And then we're going to answer your questions. Then we're going to bounce. Here we go to top secret. All right, lady, what is this? Hey, happy new year. This is a design that actually I did a while ago and I made a mistake. I accidentally placed a like 100 ohm resistor instead of 100K resistor. So these were remade, repaired. So this is a TPS 61040, which is a little boost converter I use for OLED boards to generate the 12 volts bias. And I thought it would be nice as a little breakout board so you can just give it like two to six volts and it'll give you 12 volts at like, you know, 40, 50 milliamps or so.  I need 12 volts. So this is the tester. I've got a little load switch, 120 ohms and a resistor divider. And I just use this Arduino code to test it and it's passing. So we're going to get this into the shop real soon. All right, what is this? This is the 3.5 inch 480 by 320 TFT capacitive touch feather wing.  It's in the way because it's squishing the capacitive touch chip. So revision B came out and then I pulled this down a bit. So now you see there's plenty of clearance.  But now this is good to go. And I wrote the final test for this, which reads from the SD card. And then you can do a little touch check here and it's multi-touch. So you see you can have up to five fingers at the same time. So a little bit more gap here, but otherwise this is good to go. So I'm going to book this board and then you can plug in any feather and get like a really beautiful capacitive touch display with 480 by 320 pixels. So coming soon. Early data was this. This is a tester for the TS USB 30 breakout I made. So this is at one to two mucks. So basically you have USB host here or here, you know, breakout or USB-C. And then you can select with the S-pin whether you're connected to port two or port one. So you can basically have one hardware connector and then two electrical connections. So you can swap between two devices on, you know, one USB connection. It's on a hub. It's a switch. So you do one or the other. And here's a little tester. So what I did is I have this is like a FTDI cable. And then I also have like a metro with a different FTDI chip. And then this is the USB port connection that goes to here. And this is an RP2040, which we have native USB host support. So when you plug it in, it does an enumeration check and it, you know, verifies. You can even see it's resetting the board. But this works. So you can switch between the two. And so it's going to be in the store real soon. All right, Lady, what was this? This is a tester that I made, the new one for the Max 3421E. We actually had a tester I showed off earlier, which uses a ESP32 S2TFT.  This is M0 because I need something that's teeny USB support. And then what I do is I plug in this FTDI cable. So this will enumerate as an FTDI device. And then I plug it in and I reset the board and it will check that enumeration completed. And it finds the FTDI chip. And that means the USB works and all the pins work. You can also see I'm testing five volt on and off selection. This is good. So it's just an easier tester than the display based one. So it's a little bit more automated. So this is ready to be updated. And I can recycle that old tester for something else. All right, Lady, what was this? This is a Feather NRF52840 jam packed with sensors. We've got RGB and light and humidity and temperature in a neopixel and gyro and accelerometer and magnetometer and PDM microphone. And I don't know, all sorts of stuff. It's some SPI flash here. And then, you know, of course, a blue fruit chip that can run Arduino or circuit Python. So this is the Feather Sands, which has been out of stock for like many years due to part shortages. But I just redesigned it to use all parts I can get. And then I'm also updating the tester. So we can get these back in stock. So the tester has been Picoified. So used to be with the TIN-C36, but the TIN-C36 is unavailable because the chip is no longer being manufactured. So it's got updated to use the NRF52840, sorry, the RP2040. It does program over SWD. It does take a while because it's a really big demo program that like tests all the sensors. But then, hold on, I have to, yeah, there you go. Tester complete. In about 22 seconds, it tests all the sensors and it's ready to go. So we'll get this back into the shop real soon. All right, Leida, what is this?  And this is actually a revision. So this one, you see here, it's got this square LSM6DS33 that got discontinued. So this is the LSM6DS3TR, which is very similar, but not quite identical gyro accelerometer. So I revised this board to now use this part. And pretty much all the other components are the same as I think the flash chip also changed. And then I updated the test software. So this is the old test program. This is the original clue that's in the store. Passes tests. Good to go. And then this is the new version with the updated code that now looks for the LSMDS3TR. Also passes tests. So both are good. This revision, I'm going to order it and we'll get it into the store. It's been out of stock quite a while. So I'm very excited to see this product back in stock. We were clueless? No, we're not. Yes. All right. And then here's a couple of designs that you were showing me. This is, well, it's just one design, just two windings, but this is like a QDPI VFF, but it's for DC power. So it's a DC, a 2.1 millimeter barrel jack or terminal blocks. And there's an MPM 36110, which we have a breakout for.  So up to 20 volts input, it'll buck it down to five volts, like one amp. It's a perfect little converter. And honestly, about a wheel of them, I gotta get through them. So this is the board that'll let me get through those shifts. That's absolutely great.  We are going to zoom on through these. Yeah. Okay. First up, have you seen the MicroPython web library framework from the creator of Flask, micro.dot.readedocs.io? It doesn't run circuit Python yet, but it's something that we're going to look at, although if you're interested in doing that work, a lot of people have, sorry, nobody has offered to do it yet. There might be some porting required to get it running, but I'm sure it's possible and you know, you could have it running on a wide variety of hardware. Next up, is a robot kit that you would recommend for a kid 89 age. Yeah. So check out. So iRobot, they had an education group and it's still there. Even though I think iRobot is known by Amazon or whatever, and there's like some things like that. But the education group has this thing called Root. It was a company that iRobot acquired and it's a really neat whiteboard drawing robot that teaches coding and everything. I'd start off with that then check out Spirit of Stuff and then see like how much of the physical stuff robots, like there's so much that have to go into just to get it to move, that getting the programming down and being able to do something first just really builds that momentum for skills. So check it out. It's one of the ones that we like quite a bit. On the USB switch, what are the hostpad core? Those are if you don't want to use the USB connection because it's like embedded inside a case and you have some other USB port. This one I know is meant to be funny, but I'll ask anyways. Can we PWM the S-PIN to rapidly switch between USB devices? You can, but your host controller won't be very sad. Someone wants to know if our products are available in the Philippines. Yeah, go to the distributor page and then not only... We have a Philippine distributor. And you can also go to our distributors. We like DigiKey. DigiKey Shipstance Philippines? Of course. Can you briefly explain how an array works? Well, an array and like see your Python or something is... It should pick Python. Python. Well, so an array is a wave of having a group of multiple numbers or objects and they're one after the other. So it's like an array because it's like, array means one, two, three, four, infinity. And arrays are really handy because you can usually perform one action all the data at once. Like for example, an image is an array of all the pixels and then there's all the pixels across, all the pixels down. So it's like width times height times pixels is all the data in an image. And that's how like image recognition and transfers done. Okay, if someone wanted to learn about soldering, what are some of the good guides, resources and more out there? We have the Collins Guide to Soldering, which is really good. NASA, believe it or not, has an excellent free resource. We've linked to it many, many times on our blog. And more, I would say also search data for blog because we catalog all the resources and links. You can never have too many songs. Yes. And with that, I think we got through a lot of them. Timing just on time. Right on dot. So that is our show this week. Thank you, everyone, for joining us on this first Ask an Engineer of 2024. We very much appreciate it. The code is TPS Boost. We'll be here next week unless something comes up. But we're here for over like 10 plus years now. 10 years ago, I know where I was. Yeah, we know exactly where we were. 10 years ago. Yeah. Probably have more gray hair. Yeah. So thank you so much, everyone. This has been an Adafruit production. Here is your moment, Zena. Goodnight, everybody. Happy new year.


Well, thank you very much. It's great being here at the Foundry Summit. So I'd like to talk to you briefly a little bit about HP's vision for bringing Cloud to the enterprise. And then we'll talk some more about some customers and a little bit more about something at the end of the slide. So when we talk to our customers, a lot of things bubble up. And one of the major things that bubble up and has helped us think through, what do we believe about this Cloud Revolution? Is that we believe it's open and we believe it's hybrid. And that's one of the reasons we're so excited about being in the Cloud Foundry, participating in this community. Our customers are always telling us that we want to go faster and they want to move their application development teams and enable them to move faster and faster. When I talk with CIOs or talk with leaders of infrastructure for these large companies, they talk about the roadblocks that are in their way. And when a team wants to try and experiment or wants to try something innovative, it takes days and weeks to bring their infrastructure to place. And it takes a long time to get the CICD systems going. So when they hear about the application development processes that can get enabled by Cloud Foundry, they're very excited. And as we move forward in the industry, we think about open as being more than avoiding vendor lock-in. It means about getting embedded in an innovation cycle that is taking over the industry, whether it is other open source projects, whether it's an open stack, which we're deeply involved in. The amount of innovation and the amount of evolution that you see going on on a daily, weekly basis is truly amazing. And launching the foundation has really been exactly the right conditions for Cloud Foundry. It's really opened up this community and it's great to see the amazing growth we have here. And I can see that when we come back, we're going to have to open up the back part of the room and double the size again, which is truly awesome. So we've been at this about a year. And you know, version one, customers have some perceptions with that, right? So it's generated perceptions around lack of build packs, the ecosystem is still booting up. And so as we talk to folks, they're very excited to see what's going on in two. And when you talk about version three, people's eyes light up. And so all the work that's going on there, I think, is absolutely exciting. Now getting the foundation in place is enabling us to get better, clearer roadmaps. And from an enterprise adoption perspective, because I'm an ex-dev, tons of us are ex-devs in the room are devs, it's like, why do we need these roadmaps? They want to know what we care about. A roadmap is an expression of the kinds of problems that we want to solve or that we believe we're going to be solving for our customers. Some of our customers have got 10,000 application developers. And they've got huge teams. They're trying to help make those people more effective and productive. So they're trying to figure out, what do I need to do in the next year, 18 months, to intersect what this community is doing? Because they want to make investments that aren't right in our path. They want to make investments to integrate in, to make use of the kind of technologies that the teams here are building. And with that, we see there are going to be more clear cadence around roadmaps. So one of the things that we're excited about what we've been doing within HP is really strengthening the bindings between OpenStack and Cloud Foundry. Big believer in making sure that the infrastructure layer and the PASLA can work really well together. We believe that the interconnections, we offer Trove, which is the MySQL Database as a service, inside our Foundry offering. We believe that increasing those connections means that we can make better use of the hardware and infrastructure to move things forward. So one of the things that people ask about is, exactly, what is the definition of CF? Because this is, as a new thing, people are trying to understand, where is the definition lie? Is it within the implementation? Is it within the API? Where does the community want to take it? And I've spent my entire OpenStack life cycle, I was in the beginning of OpenStack, and we had exactly the same problems. OpenStack, the code is the definition of the product. So there's challenges to figure out, do we want to do that here? How important do we want to make the API definition versus the implementation definition? When I talk to customers, there's a bit of confusion, especially going on with the huge momentum that containers have. In containers, the container technologies, we have Kubernetes, Mezos, Docker, and many more, making sure we've got a clear perspective in this community is, what is the relationship? How do we act? How do we interact with them? What does it mean as both these communities evolve? And they're evolving very rapidly. Think about what Cloud Foundry was a year ago, where Docker and containers were a year ago. They're both on this tremendous development path to accelerate application developer productivity and to enable cloud native applications. And promoting the work of the foundation with more than 50 companies involved, it's absolutely a huge movement at this point. So one of the things I like to talk about is I spend a lot of time talking with our customers and talking with CIOs and VPs of infrastructure and application development. And I always start to ask, what problem are you trying to solve and why? And tell me what would make a great year for you and what is your CEO trying to ask you to do? And what I end up with is a lot of great conversations not about the technology and not about the product but about the problems we're trying to solve. Because I think that's half the work. And so some of the feedback that I've gotten is that the enterprises need features that are behind the firewall. They're completely isolated from the internet. They don't want to be able to download, build packs. They want to be isolated. They want to be able to build packs where they can integrate in their own systems in to make that a first class citizen within Cloud Foundry. They really, really like the fact that HA is taken care of for the application developer. But they want to make sure that the ops people have a good way to manage scaling and HA right out of the box. And those extensions, whether service packs or brokers, enabling them to tie into the hundreds of interesting algorithmic systems they've already built to make those things accessible into their own systems, they want to bring that to the application developer. Because that's right now what they've got to do is they're hand crafting the tools for the application devs. When we think about other aspects of it, with the Java development teams, with .NET teams, and as I look at that, probably 45% of our enterprise customers are running .NET. So it's a huge amount of effort. And so what we see in that is we've seen a moment where we've got the ability to bring .NET to Cloud Foundry. And that's what we've done today. So today, we've released development platform version 1.2. It's actually in production. It's on our public cloud. And you can try it out. Right now, enterprise developers can develop and deploy cloud-native applications on V2 natively. So we offer native .NET support with Windows DEA droplets, bring your own Windows license, Visual Studio integration, MySQL, I'm sorry, Microsoft SQL Server integration. Got to say something wrong. That's next week when I'm talking at OpenStack. And application development tools and technologies integrating in with your IDEs. So whatever ID you have, we connect into that. So we're very excited about how this is going to really bring that forward and enable the enterprise developers to make more full use of Cloud Foundry, of the applications we have. We've also tightened the integration between the OpenStack and the PAS layer of Cloud Foundry. So we make Trove as a first class citizen. We allow Cloud Foundry and OpenStack operators and admins to manipulate and control those technologies. And so it's a very nice tight binding between the application lifecycle management and the actual underlying PAS. So that allows us to really make sure that developers can work within SQL Server, provide self-service database and database resources, and basically eliminate the need for operators to be able to manage these containers. So the other last part about this is we've got all the SDKs and the .NET toolkits. So within Cloud Foundry, we have the Visual Studio Explorer, and within the IT operations side, we have the ability to basically have those managed very well. So with that, I'd like to just give you one more thing, but that's really not all we've got. So we've open sourced all of this work. It's on GitHub today. It has absolutely contributed all back to the community. You can do a quick developer trial on our public cloud, like I said. And we're really proud members of this community. We're proud to have this as part of being accepted into the Foundry. And really, I want to give a big thanks out to the HP development team, which I think some of you guys are back over there. Thank you so much for all the work that you guys have done. So really, thank you very much for all the time and effort. And I'm going to hand this over back to Sam.


The next head coach that we want to talk about, man, something about advocating for people's jobs to be lost just gets me fired up. I mean, just look at these pit stains that I have on my shirt. I don't know if you guys can see or not, but it just gets me rallied up. It gets me heated and this next one is definitely going to get me heated because I, as a Falcons fan, am in a crisis. I love Dan Quinn DQ as a person, but as a coach, man. As a coach, oh my gosh. I say it's time to go. Just me personally. Just look at the coaching that he's been or the positions that he's been putting the Falcons in for the past five years that he's been with the Atlanta Falcons. He puts us in positions to win and that's it. And then anything after that is free game. We lose after that. We blow the lead and I wanted to really dive into this because is this a Dan Quinn issue or is it just luck of the draw, coincidence, just so happens that we blow a 25 point lead against the Patriots in the Super Bowl, blow a lead against Chicago, 16 point lead. We blow a lead against the Dallas Cowboys. Is this a reoccurring issue or is it just coincidence? So I want to do a little bit of research and I found that pro football reference a very well respected site. Credible gives any stats NFL related, almost everything. They have the 50 biggest blown leads by the Atlanta Falcons on there. I think that's a dig to Atlanta, but they decided to create a whole entire page about it. And I believe you can find any other teams as well. So the Patriots and Dolphins and any other team in the NFL, 50 biggest blown leads by an organization. And I found the Atlanta Falcons. I'm going to throw it up on the screen and I want to see how many blown leads did Dan Quinn blow in his tenure with the Atlanta Falcons. So if we pull it up, pull up the graphic right here. So the most recent blown leads, obviously we know about the Chicago Bears. We know about the Dallas Cowboys that happened in 2020. That was a 16 point lead by the Bears, a 20 point lead by the Cowboys that was blown. Then you look back even further, you've got 2017, a couple of games in 2017. This is post Super Bowl. This is just fresh from the Super Bowl, by the way. So we Atlanta fans were triggered. Okay, we are triggered. We don't want to say another blown lead, but it happens in 2017 against the Carolina Panthers. We blew a 10 point lead against the Miami Dolphins in 2017, a 17 blown point blown lead. And then obviously you have the Super Bowl, which is the most memorable. That was a 25 point lead that was blown. And then before that, I remember this game too, San Diego Chargers in 2016, 30 to 33 was a final score. We blew a 17 point lead. I remember that game. And then against the Colts in 2015, we blew 14 point lead. So you look at these most recent blown leads. This is a reoccurring issue of Dan Quinn. The defense is not that good. I understand. The offense is fantastic, but misses some pieces here and there. The offensive line has been bad for so, for so long. You can do so much with the defense, with the offense. And even though it may not be the best roster, this roster that they have is at least good enough, I would say, to go maybe seven and nine, eight and eight, maybe compete for a playoff spot, maybe nine and seven, who knows at the very least. But somehow some way, 0-4 should be 2-2, but it's 0-4. So at this point, Dan Quinn, and like I mentioned, Thomas Dimitrov, the general manager, they're on the hot seat and Dimitrov has been on the hot seat for the last five, 10 years, ever since his days with Mike Smith. But Dan Quinn, he's 43 to 41. That's his record in the tenure that he's been with the Atlanta Falcons, only two winning seasons in the last five years. And this will be another losing season, so two winning seasons and six years. The Super Bowl started it. The Super Bowl started his decline and that was the one window in the 2016 season that you had to win a Super Bowl, that you had roster good enough to win the Super Bowl. And then the Mercedes-Benz stadium opens up, okay, well maybe the 2017 season.  You still have plenty of the same players. You can still win, even though you lost Kyle Shanahan, you can still win. And after blowing whatever it was against the Philadelphia Eagles and the playoffs and just costing that game and not winning it, that's when the window just kind of fizzled out and now they're in a real rebuilding process. You've got to start all over if you want to get back to the Super Bowl. So these blown leads are coaching issues, whether it be Kyle Shanahan, we talked about him earlier in a previous episode, blowing the lead with the Atlanta Falcons and the Super Bowl, but also blowing the lead with the San Francisco 49ers. This could also be a dirt cutter, they're off as a coordinator right now, but this is just all coaching, whether it be a staff thing, you need to get rid of offensive coordinators and head coaches. I believe at this point you got to get rid of the head coach. You got to move on from Dan Quinn, even though the players love him, even though in 2019 they rallied in the second half after starting one at seven and then finishing that season seven and nine. At this point you got to move on with Dan Quinn.


In conclusion, let us restate the main points. Deflation is far from being inherently bad. Quite to the contrary, it fulfills the very important social function of cleansing the economy and the body politic from all sorts of parasites that have thrived on the previous inflation. In a word, the dangers of deflation are chimerical, but its charms are very real. There is absolutely no reason to be concerned about the economic effects of deflation, unless one equates the welfare of the nation with the welfare of its false elites. There are by contrast many reasons to be concerned about both the economic and political consequences of the only alternative to deflation, namely re-inflation, which is of course nothing but inflation, pure and simple. The purpose of these pages is not to appeal to the reason of our monetary authorities. There is absolutely no hope that the Federal Reserve or any other fiat money producer of the world will change their policies any time soon. But it is time that the Friends of Liberty change their minds on the crucial issue of deflation. False thinking on this point has given our governments undue leeway, of which they have made ample and bad use. Ultimately we need to take control over the money supply out of the hands of our governments and make the production of money again subject to the principle of free association. The first step to endorsing and promoting this strategy is to realise that governments do not, indeed cannot, fulfil any positive role whatever through the control of our money.