I have endeavored to improve my time to the best advantage in reading, and to the best advantage in reading, and have seen so much beauty and holiness that I have thirsted and longed for more. My desire is, like Abraham, the father of the faithful, to maintain a constant walk with God. Lord's Day 23 At Mr. S's I exposed the unjust plea which many make against serving God, from Matthew 25, 24. Then he which had received the one talent came, and said, Lord, I knew thee that thou art a hard man, reaping where thou hast not sown, and gathering where thou hast not strewed. Thus do thousands charge God foolishly. We cannot repent and bring forth fruits meat for repentance. We cannot cease from evil and learn to do well. We cannot deny ourselves and take up our cross. We cannot come to Christ that we may have life. At least we cannot do these things now. We must wait God's time. But God requireeth these things now. Therefore those who say they cannot do them practically say he is a hard master. At Rister's town in the afternoon my heart was expanded, and my mouth was opened, while I declared, he that, being often reproved, hardeneth his neck, shall suddenly be destroyed, and that without remedy. On Monday I parted with W. G. and S. S. Wednesday 26 I came to Mr. G's on my way to the eastern shore. On Saturday I intended to have crossed the bay, but was prevented by the weather. My soul has lately felt much of the power of God, and I have been enabled to trust him with myself and all my concerns. Monday December 1 I left Mr. G's and, after crossing the bay, came in safety at night to Mr. H's, having been absent more than four years, though I was the first of our preachers who carried the gospel into this neighborhood. My heart was thankful to God for his providential and gracious preservation of me. The next day I went to the island, and preached with some warmth, and then returned. The two following days we had profitable times both in preaching and class meetings. Thursday 4 Preaching and meeting the class at Mr. G's I found the Lord had carried on a good work in the souls of many. Blessed be God! My soul was in a comfortable frame, and my body was the better for exercise. Lord's Day 7 Though I spoke with feeling and warmth, yet the people were dull both at F.T.'s and Mr. H.'s. But my own soul was kept in solemn nearness to God, and filled with peace and love. And I am persuaded that my appointment to this circuit is by divine providence. Saturday 11 Early in the morning I felt a strong desire for more of God. At Mr. W.'s my soul was much refreshed in preaching and class meeting. As the congregations are generally large, and most of the people attentive, we have a much greater prospect of doing good in this circuit than in some others. Saturday 13 I have been blessed with faith and hope and love. Lord, if troubles are near, be thou nearer still to protect and comfort me. So shall I not fear what man can do unto me. Lord's Day 14 We had a good time in the forenoon, and I found the class in better condition than I expected. In the afternoon the Lord blessed me with freedom and solid peace, while preaching at I.S.'s on Ezekiel 33.11 There is a great prospect of saving souls in this neighborhood, if preaching can be continued. Monday 15 There was a simple loving people assembled at Mr. W.'s, and many were powerfully wrought on while I enforced the Divine Command, seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you. Matthew 7.33 For some days past my spirit has been rather hurried, and sometimes tempted by Satan, but wonderfully supported by the grace of God. An agreeable prospect opens to my imagination, if providence should permit me to spend the winter in this circuit. Tuesday 16 At Mr. W.'s I met with B.S., who once preached the gospel, and a blessing attended his labors. Saturday was a public fast day, and my soul was kept in a degree of peace, but struggled much for a more constant, fervent spirit of devotion. Having preached at Mr. G.'s, I rode to T.W.'s, and lectured in the evening, with satisfaction from the first psalm. On Saturday I was much embarrassed in preaching at Mr. H.D.'s, and under a heavy cloud rode to H.N.'s. But on the Lord's Day my heart was enlarged and inflamed with love, while preaching to a large audience on 2 Thessalonians 1.6-8 Monday 22 I preached a funeral sermon near the nine bridges, and met with a young minister who had been under divine impressions. My heart at that time was much united to him, but he afterward became a lawyer. Tuesday 23 I rode through Chester Town about thirty miles to Mr. H.'s, and enjoyed some rest from a part of my labor. In reading Josephus I have been led to reflect on the disorder and confusion which have always overspread the earth, in a greater or less degree, ever since the introduction of sin. Blessed be God, my mind is kept free from all tormenting fear, and although my spiritual trials are various and great, his grace is always found sufficient for me. The next day I exhorted the people who came together, and we spent some time in prayer. Thursday 25 Mr. W. read a good sermon, suitable to the day, at church. Many people attended at the preaching-house, where I declared from 1 Timothy 1.15, this is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. The language of my heart on this Christmas Day was, Whom have I in heaven but thee? And there is none upon earth that I desire besides thee. The next morning also I was in the spirit of devotion, and enjoyed the peace of God which passeth all understanding. Having preached a funeral sermon in the forenoon, I addressed the congregation at Mr. H's from John 1.45.46. Thursday January 1.1778 Though the weather has been very cold for several days, I have had to ride, sometimes a considerable distance, and preach every day. This day I preached a funeral sermon on the death of a daughter of her who was buried last Friday. My text was, This year thou shalt die. Death, like a cruel conqueror, spareth none on whom he seeseth, but sendeth them to the shades of eternity without respect to age or condition. Friday too. I experienced much of the love of Jesus Christ shed abroad in my heart, and through his meritorious mediation found a delightful nearness to God. And I have found great happiness during this Christmas season, and have endeavored to redeem my time by a diligent industry. May the Lord keep me steadfast and faithful to the end, and bless me with an abiding witness that I love him with all my heart. The people were lively today at Mr. H's, and especially in the class meeting. Lord's Day 4 The word of the Lord went to the hearts of the people with cutting power, both at Frederick in the forenoon, and at Mr. H's ends in the afternoon. But my own mind has been under exercises from Satan. On Monday my spirit was grieved, for want of more spirituality, and more of God. The congregation at Mr. S's ends was large but dull. But the people seemed quickened, both at Mr. A's on Tuesday, and at Mr. H's on Wednesday, Thursday 8. I enjoyed sweet communion with God this morning, and was enabled to rest my soul on him as my never-failing support. God was powerfully with us at Mr. S's W's on Friday, and the people felt the weight of divine truths. Lord's Day 11 By reason of the snow the congregations were small, but the Lord gave us his blessing. My soul has possessed a holy calm, and I have found the Lord constantly with me in a greater or less degree. I have just finished the last volume of Wiston's Josephus, and am surprised that, at the age of seventy, Mr. Wiston should spend so much of his time in such a dry, chronological work. How much better was Mr. Baxter employed, when he thought himself near to eternity, meditating and writing on the saint's everlasting rest? Tuesday 13 A solemn, comfortable sense of God rested on my soul this morning, and at Mr. T's there was a good congregation of poor, but serious, and desirous people. At the widow J's on Wednesday there was a general melting, and six were received into the society on trial. So there is some ground to hope that this place, which has appeared to be barren, will yet bring forth the fruits of righteousness. Many were also much affected at Mr. V's. After the service was ended two men in arms came up, but they went away without making known their design. Friday 16 I found great liberty of spirit and speech at Mr. G's, and there I met with Brother G's, Lord's Day 18. After discoursing at Mr. A's on the parable of the sower, I thought it proper to remove the preaching to another house, for his religious sentiments did not agree with ours. Tuesday 20 My soul was kept humble and watchful, and I have been enabled to put my whole trust in God on all occasions. Brother L sent me some account of the work of God, and I am strongly persuaded that he will defend his own cause and his own people. Wednesday 21 The house was not sufficient to contain the congregation at the widow W's, and the word went with power to the hearts of the people. Thursday was a very cold day, yet many, both rich and poor, attended at IK's, and the Lord enabled me to show them plainly to what lengths a man may go in the externals of religion, and be but almost a Christian. Friday 23 My heart was fixed on God. I have lately found more sweetness and delight than ever before in reading the Old Testament, and having met with Luther's comment on the Galatians, I have begun to read that. After riding eight miles to Mr. H's, I found that I had eight miles farther to ride to preach a funeral sermon at Mr. F's, and the spirit of the Lord rested upon my soul. Then rode five miles more in great peace and love to lodge at Mr. M's. Lord's Day 25 Many attended at Mr. R's in the forenoon, and God gave me power to speak to their hearts. I then rode ten miles farther to the meeting house, and preached to about three hundred solemn and attentive people. Tuesday 27 Both my body and mind were under a heavy gloom. Attempting to preach in Quakerneck, my mind was shut up, and I had no power to speak to the people. This is very painful and disagreeable, but it ought to be born with patience. Physics is necessary sometimes, as well as food. Wednesday 28 My soul had peace, and enjoyed sweet rest in God, after all my trials. May I ever glorify him, even in the fires. Dark prospects, in temporal matters, present themselves to my view. But the eyes of the Lord are over the righteous, and he hath promised to be a wall of fire round about his church, and the glory in the midst of her. I preached a funeral sermon at the meeting house on 1 Corinthians 15-20. But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the first fruits of them that slept. There were many people on this solemn occasion, and my heart was enlarged towards them. Lord's Day, February 1 We had a good time at Frederick in the forenoon, and I found myself at liberty in the afternoon at Mr. H's. My heart feels nothing contrary to love and purity, and the effect thereof is abundant peace. Troubles stare me in the face. But I have confidence towards God, and without perplexing myself with anxious care, will leave all events to him. Monday 2 There was some appearance of a revival at Mr. H's, and the Lord blessed my soul with liberty, peace, and love. On Tuesday we had a love-feast at LA's, and many delivered their affectionate testimony of God's goodness and love in Christ Jesus. Wednesday 4 I received a strange account which had been attested on oath by the people who lived in the house, but am at a loss to know what judgment to pass upon it. The fact was this. A wicked young fellow, whose friends countenanced the truths of the gospel, was disposed, it seems, to curse the preacher. But being deterred from doing it openly, he went to the place of worship, with a design to curse him in his heart. It seems he was struck with terror, and soon after died. His own brother said, the devil pulled his heart out. Lord's Day 8 After preaching at Mr. F's in the forenoon, I met the congregation at Mr. H's, who is a striking instance of the power and goodness of God. Some time ago he was, like Saul, an opposer of the truth, but Grace Heth changed his heart. Thursday 12 The Lord Heth supported me in preaching at every place, and this day I came to T.W.'s and met Brother G.S. The martial, threatening aspect of the times has had a great tendency to keep me close to God, and my soul has experienced the benefit. I had much peace, but too much company. My time was not spent to the greatest advantage. But the next day I felt the power of divine truths in my own heart, while preaching at E.W.'s from 1 Peter 1 13 through 15, Monday 16. Our quarterly meeting began in Mr. W.'s barn, and numbers attended from different parts. On Tuesday morning we held our love feast, and the Lord was with us. My heart was powerfully drawn out in preaching on the last three verses of the 48th Psalm, Wednesday 18. I set my face unto the Lord God to seek by prayer and supplications with fasting, and although Brother S had manifested a desire to leave the continent, he now agreed to abide in the country with me a while Lord's Day 22. Though the weather was disagreeable, yet many people attended at E.W.'s, and there appeared to be a promising prospect amongst the young people especially. I have great hopes that the Lord will show mercy and make his power known in the family of the W.S. Monday 23. Satan has made several violent pushes at my soul, but he has not been able even to break my peace. The word was powerfully applied to the hearts of the people at Mr. G.'s today, Wednesday 25. After preaching with holy warmth at Mr. L.N.'s, I met the class, in which were some faithful souls, but others that could hardly bear plain dealing. But we must deal plainly and honestly, though affectionately and tenderly, with all that come in our way, and especially with such as put themselves under our pastoral care. If we seek to please men, unless it is for their good to edification, we are not the servants of Christ. Thursday 26. I spoke closely and pointedly to many poor ignorant people at the widow IPs, and on Friday met a dull congregation at Mr. C.'s. Monday, March 2. Road to I.K.'s on Cedar Creek, an old Presbyterian who keeps his coffin ready-made. But both the congregation and the class seemed very blind and ignorant in spiritual things. Thursday 5. Returned to T.W.'s with a cold in my head and an inflammation in my throat, which detained me till the Lord's Day. But my time was chiefly spent in prayer and reading Flavels and Hartley's works, though no book is equal to the Bible. I've also received much instruction and great blessings of late in reading Mr. Wesley's works. There is a certain spirituality in his works, which I can find in no other human compositions. And a man who has any taste for true piety can scarce read a few pages in the writings of that great divine without imbibing a greater relish for the pure and simple religion of Jesus Christ, which is therein so scripturally and rationally explained and defended. Monday 9. S.S. came in from the upper circuit, but on Tuesday both he and G.S. left me. However, I was easy for the Lord was with me. And if he will be with me, and bring me to my Father's house in peace, he shall be my God forever. Yea, let him do with me as Seymeth Good in his sight. Only let him not take his Holy Spirit from me. And he shall be mine, and I will be his, in time and through eternity. Friday 13. I was under some heaviness of mind. But it was no wonder. Three thousand miles from home. My friends have left me. I am considered by some as an enemy of the country. Every day liable to be seized by violence, and abused. However, all this is but a trifle to suffer for Christ, and the salvation of souls. Lord, stand by me. Lord's Day 15. My temptations were very heavy, and my ideas were greatly contracted in preaching. Neither was my soul happy, as at many other times. It requires great resignation for a man to be willing to be laid aside as a broken instrument. But in all my temptations he keeps me, to prove his utmost salvation, his fullness of love. Monday 16. I applied myself to the Greek and Latin Testament. But this is not to me like preaching the Gospel. However, when a man cannot do what he would, he must do what he can. Wednesday 18. To make the best of my time in this partial confinement, I have attended closely to my studies, spent some time in instructing the children, and intend to lecture frequently in the family. This day I received information that Brother W was cast into prison at Annapolis, Saturday 21. My spiritual exercises have been various. I have frequently been under powerful temptations. But at other times my soul has been serene and comfortable. Much of my time is spent in study. And my desire is to glorify God in all I do, and spend all I gain in his service. Lord's Day 22. A large congregation attended at E.W.'s, while I enforced the important inquiry, what shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul? A warm, affectionate zeal glowed in my heart, and some of the people were affected. On Monday I met with Brother C.X. and sent him into the upper circuit, intending myself to abide here for a season till the storm is abated. Wednesday 25. Blessed be God! His providence hath cast my lot in a quiet, agreeable family, where I can make the best improvement of my time in study and devotion. Brother C.R. came from below, and we had a meeting at E.W.'s, where some were deeply cut to the heart by the two-edged sword of the word. Friday 27. The grace of God is a sufficient support, while I bear the reproach of men, and am rewarded with evil for all the good which I have done, and desire to do for mankind. I want for no temporal convenience, an endeavor to improve my time by devotion and study. But all this cannot give full satisfaction, while it is not in my power to labor more for God in seeking the salvation of souls. But I am strongly persuaded that divine providence will bring about a change before long. Thursday April 2. This night we had a scene of trouble in the family. My friend, Mr. T.W., was taken away, and his wife and family left in great distress of mind. The next day I sought the interposition of God by fasting and prayer. End of Section 27. Recording by Brian Keenan. Section 28 of Journal of the Reverend Francis Asbury, Volume 1. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Brian Keenan. Journal of the Reverend Francis Asbury, Volume 1, Section 28. Saturday 4. This was a day of much divine power and love to my soul. I was left alone and spent part of every hour in prayer, and Christ was near and very precious. The next day I preached with great solemnity at E.W.s on 2 Corinthians 620, and on Monday found freedom to move. After riding about 15 miles I accidentally stopped at a house where a corpse was going to be buried, and had an opportunity of addressing a number of immortal souls. I then rode on through a lonesome, devious road, like Abraham, not knowing whither I went. But weary and unwell I found a shelter late at night, and there I intended to rest till Providence should direct my way. This was something like the faithful saints of old times, mentioned Hebrews 11. They wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins, being destitute, afflicted, tormented, of whom the world was not worthy. They wandered in deserts and in mountains and in dens and caves of the earth, though what must be acknowledged their trials far exceeded. Tuesday 7 My soul was kept in peace, and I spent much of my time in reading the Bible and the Greek Testament. Surely God will stand by and deliver me. I have none other on whom I can depend, and he knows with what intention and for what purposes I came into this distant and strange land, and what little I have suffered for his cause. At night a report was spread which inclined me to think it would be most prudent for me to move the next day. Accordingly I set out after dinner and lay in a swamp till about sunset, but was then kindly taken in by a friend. My soul has been greatly humbled and blessed under these difficulties, and I thought myself, like some of the old prophets, who were concealed in times of public distress. Thursday 9 I promised God that if he would lift me up, I would be wholly his, and spend as much time in returning thanks as I have spent in seeking his protection, which has been some part of every hour. My soul has been much comforted in reading Jay Aline's letters which he wrote in prison. I felt strong confidence in God that he would deliver me, being conscious that I sought neither riches nor honor, and that what I suffered was for the sake of his spiritual church and the salvation of my fellow men. I was informed that Brother J.H. was apprehended last Lord's Day in Queen Anne, made the Lord strengthen and support him, while he suffers for righteousness' sake. He shall be faithfully remembered by me in my addresses to the throne of grace. This evening I was called upon to visit a person in distress of mind, and the Lord gave him rest for his soul. Perhaps Providence cast my lot in this place for the assistance of this man. Friday 10 My heart was kept pure and panting after God, though I was in some sense a prisoner and under the necessity of being concealed rather than sacrifice the peace of my conscience and offend my God. O my Lord, guide thy poor pilgrim through the rugged ways of this ungodly and dangerous world, and if I suffer with Christ here, may I finally reign with him in glory.  To patient faith the prize is sure, and all that to the end endure, the cross, shall wear the crown. My practice is to keep close to God in prayer, and spend a part of every hour when awake in that exercise. I have lately begun to read Mr. Wesley's notes again, and have always found both them and his sermons to be made in a special blessing to my soul. My exercises are very deep and various. The Lord makes great discoveries of my defects and shortcomings in many points. He melts my heart into humility and tenderness. He graciously draws me nearer and nearer to himself, and fills me with the spirit of holy love. Saturday 11. God was my portion, and my soul rested in him. But I was at a loss to know what to do. My time was useless in respect to others, though I carefully improved it for my own spiritual advantage, which for some years past had been in a degree neglected, on account of my great attention to the souls of others. And I know not what to determine, whether to deliver myself into the hands of men, to embrace the first opportunity to depart, or to wait till providence shall further direct. The reason of this retirement was as follows. From March 10, 1778, on conscientious principles I was a non-jurer, and could not preach in the state of Maryland. Therefore withdrew to the Delaware State, where the clergy were not required to take the state oath. Though, with a clear conscience, I could have taken the oath of the Delaware State had it been required, and would have done it had I not been prevented by a tender fear of hurting the scrupulous consciences of others. St. Paul saith, when ye sin so against the brethren, and wound their weak conscience, ye sin against Christ. 1 Corinthians 8, 12. Lord's Day, 12. This was one of my dumb and silent sabbaths, and was spent in fasting and prayer, that the Lord may turn again my captivity. My soul was greatly humbled, and not a little comforted in waiting before God. I lament that part of the Lord's flock is carried away captive, but hope that those who remain in Zion will be holiness to the Lord, and found among the living in Jerusalem. Monday, 13. I formerly thought it would be death to me to keep silence from declaring the word of God, but now I am in a measure contented, and hope to see a day of liberty once again. It appears to be the will of God that I should be silent for a season, to prepare me for further usefulness hereafter. Therefore my time shall be employed to the best advantage. Tuesday, 14. I am not yet forsaken of all, but I'm happy in the family where I stay, and my soul is fixed on God. I have a private chamber for my asylum, where I comfort myself in God, and spend my time in prayer, meditation, and reading. The next day Brother JF held a public meeting. He appeared to be a well meaning good man, and who hath despised the day of small things. Thursday, 16. My soul was blessed with peace, but I earnestly desired to be more spiritual in all my thoughts, words, and actions. Friday, 17. Being Good Friday, I devoted myself to fasting and prayer. How many such days have I spent in addressing large congregations on the mournful subject of our blessed Lord's crucifixion, but I'm now deprived of the privilege of making a public improvement of the day. I must sit down and weep when I remember Zion, and the years of God's right hand. Oh, how I long to see his goings in the sanctuary, as in times past. Return, O Lord, to the many thousands of Israel, and cause us to rejoice according to the days in which we have seen trouble.  But, alas, how am I ashamed and covered with blushing before God? My soul is bowed in awful reverence and melting humility before the mercy seat. My intention has been pure, as far as I can judge, but on account of my imperfections, if there were no mediator, there could be no hope of mercy. But, blessed be God, I can come with humble boldness to the throne of grace, knowing that we have a high priest that can be touched with the feeling of our infirmities, who was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin. I hope to learn obedience by the things I suffer, and walk more watchfully and piously before God for the time to come. Saturday, 18. I labored to make the best use of my precious time, and hope to be better prepared for future service on earth or for eternal service in heaven. I bear our dear suffering friends on my heart. Lord's Day, 19. Another solitary Sabbath.  But the Lord gives me patience and supports me under it. The family amongst whom my lot is cast used me with great kindness, and made the Lord show kindness to them according to all that they have done unto me. Monday, 20. Reading the Revelation, with Mr. Wesley's notes, was made a particular blessing to my soul. But my conscience checked me severely for not reading more frequently that part of the sacred canon, seeing such a blessing is pronounced on them that read and understand it. But I intend for the future, if time and health will permit, to read one chapter in it every day, Tuesday, 21. I purposed in my own mind to spend ten minutes out of every hour when awake in the duty of prayer. May the Lord help me to pay all the vows which my heart hath uttered, and my mouth hath spoken in the time of trouble, Wednesday, 22. I finished Mr. Wesley's notes on the New Testament, and began to read Doddridge's Rise and Progress. But I'm not so decorated with holy love as the temple of God should be. I am reconciled to my condition, and in faith and prayer commit all events to my divine protector. This is an excellent season for dressing my own vineyard, Thursday, 23. God was near, and my heart was exceedingly humbled before him. I finished Doddridge, and was pleased, instructed, and affected thereby. I think an abridgment of this book would be of great service to our societies. Friday, 24. I began reading Honest John Bunyan's Holy War, and my soul was kept in peace, but earnestly desirous of every branch and degree of perfect love. Holiness is far preferable to the greatest wisdom. Lord's Day, 26. I was still confined and obliged to keep silence, but spent much of the day in reading the Revelation, with Mr. Wesley's notes upon it. As this Revelation was given on the Lord's Day, what can be a more proper subject for meditation on that day? Devoting much of my time to the exercise of prayer, I pray frequently for my dear parents and friends, as well as for myself. Wednesday, 29. I ventured to leave my asylum, and under the special providence of God came safe to my old abode, where I purpose spending these perilous days in retirement, devotion, and study.  My spirit was greatly comforted by Psalm 106, 10. He saved them from the hand of Him that hated them, and redeemed them from the hand of the enemy. Friday, May 1. The minds of the people are so confused, and filled with the spirit and troubles of the times, that it does not appear to me as if God required me to treat with them on spiritual and eternal subjects, till they can, with some considerate calmness, pay attention to those momentous matters. I have lately been grievously haunted by the temptations of Satan, but my desire is to die rather than live to sin against God. Lord, stand by me in the day of trial, and every moment support my feeble soul. On Saturday also my mind was much harassed by my spiritual adversary, and my study and devotion were interrupted, so that I could do but little either for God or myself. Lord's Day 3. My mind was strangely twisted, tortured, not knowing what to do. It seems I know not how to fight, nor how to fly, but I am persuaded there will be a speedy change in the wheel of providence, either prosperous or adverse. Others are now free, but I am bound. Reading at present no other books on the Lord's Days, I have lately read the Revelation with Mr. Wesley's notes three times through. Monday 4. Satan hath a desire to destroy, or at least to disturb my soul, but I pray mightily to God against him. Oh, that he may rebuke the tempter, and make a way for my escape. On Wednesday my temptations were so violent that it seemed as if all the infernal powers were combined to attack my soul. Like Elijah, when persecuted by Jezebel, I was ready to request for myself that I might die. However, about noon the storm abated, and my soul was calm. I had felt as though I could neither pray nor read, but the Lord blessed my troubled soul while endeavouring to pray with Brother E.W. My temptations have been such as I never experienced before in the course of my life. But God will help me, and I shall yet praise him. Both Friday and Saturday my spiritual enemies were upon me, but my soul had more strength from the Lord. My practice is to spend some part of every hour in prayer. Lord, what is man, that Thou art mindful of him, and the Son of man that Thou visitest him? On Saturday Brother W came home as an answer to prayer. On the Lord's Day I read the Revelation three times over, and experienced great sweetness in my soul, both in reading and family exercises. Monday 11. My mind was deeply exercised, not knowing what to do. If the Lord delivers me, I shall be bound to praise him. If I had a thousand hearts and tongues and a million of years to live, all would be insufficient for paying the mighty debt of praise. Time and language and numbers all fail in point of praise and adoration for the unmerited mercies of a gracious God. Praise ye the Lord, ye immortal choirs, that fill the realms above.  Tuesday 12. My exercises were still grievous, but I am persuaded that all these trials will contribute to the spiritual advantage of my soul. Temptations and prayer, as one observes, qualify a gospel minister for his work, but I am ready to ask, as one of old, Lord, are there few that be saved? May God vouchsafe to help and deliver his few afflicted people. Wednesday 13. I met a small congregation, and my soul was blessed in speaking to the people, as it usually is on such occasions. Oh, my God, when wilt thou turn again my captivity? Surely Jacob shall rejoice, and Israel shall be glad. Thursday 14. I still attend to prayer, study, and teaching the children, but cannot be fully satisfied without preaching the gospel, which appears to be my peculiar province. Though I find more relish for the Word of God, and greater sweetness in reading it, than ever before. Friday 15. My soul was for the most part in peace, though at times my own trials and the trials of others produced strong agonies of mind. But strengthened with divine might, I am able to oppose the tempter in his most violent assaults, and I'm brought off more than conqueror. The study of the holy scriptures affords me great pleasure. Lord, help me to dig into the gospel field as for hidden treasure. Saturday 16. It may be observed that two of our preachers have been apprehended, rather than do violence to conscience, and the men by whom they were both taken were dangerously wounded within a few weeks after they had laid hands upon them. I am now resigned to my confinement, and am persuaded that God by his providence will show me when and which way to go. Lord's Day 17. As a congregation was collected to hear the Word, I ventured to preach, and found my soul much drawn out both in speaking to God and the people. Perhaps this was a token of future enlargement and usefulness. Monday 18. My spirit was oppressed by heavy temptations. The preachers and people began to convene for the quarterly meeting, which was to begin the next day. Tuesday 19. Brother CX began our quarterly meeting, and then I preached with tender sensibility and warm affection a humiliation sermon on Joel 2 16 through 18.   Let the priests, the ministers of the Lord, weep between the porch and the altar, and let them say, Spare thy people, O Lord, and give not thy heritage to reproach, that the heathen should rule over them. Wherefore should they say among the people, where is their God? Then will the Lord be jealous for his land and pity his people. The hearts of the people were greatly melted under the word, and the power of the Lord was with us in the afternoon also. We were quiet and undisturbed, and I hope the word will take root in the hearts of some who were present. On Wednesday there was so much company about me that I could not keep in my usual and desirable track of walking with God. Thursday, 21 My mind was somewhat dissipated. A young woman who had been awakened by the instrumentality of Captain W, but deprived of the means of grace for about four years, and had thought she could never be happy unless amongst the Methodists, was now brought to God by faith in Jesus Christ, and found peace in her soul. Another person was also brought into deep distress for an interest in Christ about the same time. Our family meetings are now attended with great power. Friday, 22 Satan worried my mind with his temptations, but at night we joined the two families together for worship, and the spirit of the Lord was with us in power. Saturday, 23 I set this day apart for fasting and prayer, especially in behalf of Brother T.W. My soul was comforted to hear that Mrs. P., near seventy years of age, knew by experience that she could be born again, though she was old. This week the Lord has given me, too, as the children of my bonds. Monday, 25 T.W. went back to have his case determined. He left his family in much distress of mind. I endeavored to minister some comfort to them, but in respect to myself everything appeared to be under a cloud, so that I knew not, as yet, what the Lord would be pleased to do with me. I now began to read Barclay's apology and to make some strictures. Friday, 29 I spent much of the forenoon in prayer and read through the Book of Job, but was sorely tempted by the devil. My spiritual trials have been heavier and more grievous of late than I've ever experienced before in all the course of my pilgrimage. They seem to indicate to me that I shall lose my soul, or lose my life, or live for some peculiar usefulness in the Church of Christ. On Saturday, Mr. H.Y. came to see me, and I ventured to set out for Mr. W.'s, but having been so long unaccustomed to writing, my body was exceedingly fatigued. However, my soul was much refreshed in meeting the people there. Lord's Day 31 My body was indisposed, but many people came together to hear the Word of God, and as there had been some little disorders among them, I discoursed on 2 Timothy 2, 19. Nevertheless, the foundation of God standeth sure. Having this seal, the Lord knoweth them that are his, and let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity. We had a profitable time, and in the afternoon I went to hear Mr. C., who appeared to be a well-meaning, though a weak man, Monday, June 1. I rode about twenty miles, and came home very unwell, and continued for several days afflicted with a fever and boils. But my soul was peaceably stayed on the Lord, in the midst of various and heavy trials, both of body and mind. Lord's Day 7 Being wit Sunday, I went to the barn, weak as I was, and preached on Romans 8, 7 through 9. My heart was enlarged, and the people were greatly melted and alarmed, and many of them felt the gracious drawings of the Father. But alas, I am as gold in the furnace, though I must not think it strange concerning the fiery trial, which is to try me, as though some strange thing had happened unto me. In my patience may I possess my soul, and the Lord in his own time will deliver me. Surely, when this mortal shall put on immortality, then shall there be an eternal day without a cloud, ease without pain, and joy without any mixture of sorrow. I preached again in the afternoon, and found great liberty in my spirit. Per adventure, the Lord will, in this barren place, raise up a seed to serve him. Wednesday, 10. I had both great peace and heavy trials, but have caused to complain of the want of more seriousness and devotion to God. I find the more pious part of the people called Quakers are exerting themselves for the liberation of the slaves. This is a very laudable design, and what the Methodists must come to, or I fear the Lord will depart from them. But there is cause to presume that some are more intent on promoting the freedom of their bodies than the freedom of their souls, without which they must be the vassals of Satan and eternal fire. Saturday, 13. For a few days past, my mind has been variously agitated at certain times by that restless fallen spirit, who so often attempts to break my peace. But my soul has been kept by the same omnipotent, gracious arm which has been so frequently displayed in my behalf. I went to RWs, where all our souls were under the softening influence of Divine Grace in the class meeting. With animation of spirit, I preached twice on the Lord's Day to large congregations. As the Gospel of Jesus Christ meets with indulgence in this free state, I entertain a hope that it will prove a general blessing to the inhabitants thereof, and that Delaware will become as the Garden of the Lord, filled with plants of his own planting. Monday, 15. The congregation was large at Mr. K's, but showed too much appearance of spiritual insensibility. I have lately been surprised, and self-reproved, for not feeling the same earnest desire that the Word might profit the hearers, after it was delivered, as I felt before the preaching began. My soul was deeply engaged with the Lord, at this time, that the Word might prove a permanent blessing. On Tuesday I heard Mr. T preach a funeral sermon, which was well put together, but not calculated to reach the hearts of the people. End of section 28, recording by Brian Keenan. Section 29 of Journal of the Reverend Francis Asbury, volume 1. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Brian Keenan. Journal of the Reverend Francis Asbury, volume 1, section 29. Thursday, 18. My trials, as usual, have been great, but the Lord has not left me comfortless. About this time it was currently reported that a treaty of peace was like to take place. I thought this would have been a singular blessing, especially as it would have given the Gospel a free course through the land. But my hope is, through grace, that I shall be found prepared for all changes and circumstances. Lord's Day 21. I was enabled to press upon the consciences of the people, with great pungency, the awful declaration of God in Amos 4.11. I have overthrown some of you, as God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and ye were as a firebrand plucked out of the burning. Yet have ye not returned unto me, sayeth the Lord. Some felt the word preached, and at the class meeting the hearts of the society were melted. Saturday, 27. We have had some refreshing times, both in our public and society meetings, through the course of this week. And my own soul has sometimes been greatly drawn out in affectionate devotion, but at other times sorely tempted by the enemy. We have had a very alarming draught in this part of the country. Last Friday we fasted, and prayed that the Lord might water the earth. But though we had a fine shower, it did not seem to cover much more than the two adjacent farms. Lord's Day 28. In the forenoon I preached under an oak, on him that cometh unto me, I will in no wise cast out. But the people seemed unmoved. Though in the afternoon they were a little roused by that awful threatening Psalm 917, the wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations that forget God. Yet there seems to be a judicial hardness of heart amongst many of the people. There was a large congregation at Mr. S's on Monday, but they also were under the influence of a spiritual stupor. My mind has been much agitated, and at present my prospect of success is but gloomy. Sometimes I have been afraid that I have done wrong in retiring from the work. Though, as far as I can judge, the glory of God and the prosperity of his church were my chief objects. Tuesday 30. Brother FG came to see me, and on Friday the Lord sent us a plentiful rain after the threatening drought. Saturday, July 4. I lamented my want of more spiritual life and divine animation. Neither did I find myself so quietly and perfectly resigned to the present dispensations of providence, as is necessary to keep my soul in undisturbed peace, and promote my advancements in all the beauty of holiness. Lord's Day 5. The Lord favored me with great assistance in preaching three times today, and at Mr. C Wise in the forenoon we had a very solemn season. Tuesday 7. It has been matter of grief to me that I have not been more holy and heavenly in all the powers of my soul, and it will be very wonderful if my soul should be saved, after so many external trials, and such internal assaults from the banded powers of darkness. Death and destruction seem to threaten me on every side, but thou knowest the pains thy servants feel, thou hearest thy children's cry, and their best wishes to fulfill, thy grace is ever nigh. Wednesday 8. My exercises were heavy, but I had some liberty in preaching, and there were some happy souls who possessed the spirit of prayer. Friday 10. Satan so beset me by different means that it seemed as if I could do little else but endeavor to pray. Saturday 11. I rode to W and found that Mr. C had taken away about half the society and was gone to set up a church for himself, but I met those who were willing to abide with us and preached twice on the Lord's Day, perhaps to some purpose. Monday 13. Preaching in Slaughterneck, there appeared to be some impediment in the family. I therefore removed the preaching and found that children were openly wicked. We shall now meet the people at Mr. Swise, whose family appears serious, and I hope the work of God will go on in this neighborhood. The people were all attention at RDSs on Wednesday, but not much affected. On Thursday I preached at Bwise and then returned to Brother TWs. Saturday 18. I laid a plan for myself to travel and preach nine days in two weeks. This was one step towards my former regularity in what appears to me as my duty, my element, and my delight. On the Lord's Day I met a class in the morning and then preached twice with earnestness and affection to large, attentive, and serious congregations. My spirit was afterward refreshed in the company of some of my old friends. Monday 20. My company being gone, my soul returned to its usual exercises, and I was led to reflect on the fluctuating state of human life, a continual circle in which the soul confined no permanent center to fix upon. We shall never have perfect rest till we come to the holy mountain of the Lord. Tuesday 21. My soul keeps close to God in prayer, meditation, and reading. My internal exercises are very great, and I see no other way to conquer and escape, but by resisting my malignant foe. On Thursday I went about twenty miles to preach at one T.D.s in Sussex. There were about two hundred people who appeared to be kind and willing to receive instruction, and I was enabled to fix their attention though they were ignorant and wild. I then rode ten miles on my way back to visit I.B. who was in deep distress of soul. On Saturday my mind was sweetly stayed on God, after riding about fifty miles since Thursday, seeking to bring poor wandering souls to the fold of Christ. I hope to travel and preach as long as I live. Lord's Day 26. My own soul was much enlarged while enforcing Romans 10, 15, 16, though the hearts of the audience appeared to be proof against the power of the Word. Thus it is that the preaching of the Gospel is too often as seed sown in stony ground. The hearers do not prepare their hearts by prayer and meditation, and the Almighty does not destroy their moral agency to save them by irresistible grace, and therefore the Word which was intended to be a saver of life unto life proves by the abuse of preventing grace a saver of death unto death. Monday 27. I am still in possession of the inestimable pearl. Christ abides in me the hope of glory. In the heavenly Lamb thrice happy I am, and my heart doth rejoice at the sound of His name. The congregation today at Cays were dull and insensible, but in the class meeting at Essas we had a melting time. It was currently reported about this time that some of the British troops were so blocked up that there was very little probability of their escape. And thus it is with the fallen spirits of mankind. Having forfeited the favour and protection of their offended Creator, they are environed by the invisible malignant angels who kept not their first estate, desirous to involve the human race in their own condemnation and misery. But God, moved with compassion towards our helpless race, has made it possible that we may escape through the redemption that is in Jesus Christ. But, oh melancholy thought, men are more inclined to listen to the voice of their enemies than to the voice of their divine friend. Instead of putting on the whole armor of God and resisting the devil that He may flee from them, they armed themselves against all the warnings of their gracious Creator and resist the motions of His Holy Spirit, till they have filled up the measure of their iniquity and have their portion appointed with devils and damned spirits. On Wednesday my soul was deeply exercised in seeking after more of the divine nature. I longed to be made perfect in love, to have all my heart wrapped up in Christ Jesus, to have my conversation in heaven, and to be completely prepared for every duty and every suffering that may lie before me. We had a lecture in the evening at TWs, and the hearts of some were moved and melted by the power of God. I began to think it is my duty to abide for a season in this state, and have great hopes that the Lord will pour out His Spirit and favor us with a revival of pure and vital piety. Saturday, August 1 I went into the fork, and on the Lord's Day preached at Mr. R's and at Mr. L's. The congregations were attentive and affected, so that, although they are rude and unpolished, yet God is able, even of these unseemly stones, to raise up children unto Abraham. Being informed that Mrs. P. was dangerously ill, I rode about twenty miles to see her, arrived at the house about nine o'clock, and found her confident and happy in the love of God, a miracle of saving grace. But the power and the glory of this and of every other good work belongs unto the Lord. Tuesday, August 4 We had a large congregation, and the presence and power of God were with us, while I enforced, on a funeral occasion, remember now that Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh when thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them. Thursday, August 6 After proclaiming the great salvation at Jay's, I rode back to visit Mrs. P. again, and found her still happy in God, and patient under her affliction. Lord's Day 9 Having been informed that some of the people were in danger of being led aside by impressions and dreams, and a weak-headed man having already drawn off a few simple souls, I thought it expedient to urge upon them, Isaiah 8, 20, to the law and to the testimony. If they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them. While in theory, experience, and practice, we keep close to the written word of God, we are safe. And if an angel from heaven preach any other gospel, sayeth St. Paul, let him be accursed. Galatians 1, 8 Dreams may arise from various causes, and even diabolical impressions may sometimes resemble those made by the Spirit of God. And it is evident that all such impressions has had a tendency to affect divisions, to interrupt the peace of the Church, to draw us off from any revealed duty, or to make us contented in a lukewarm and careless state, cannot come from God, because they are contrary to the revealed dictates of the Holy Spirit, and the Spirit of Truth cannot contradict itself. Therefore, all impressions, dreams, visions, etc., should be brought to the standard of the Holy Scriptures, and if they do not perfectly correspond their with, they should be rejected. Monday, 10 At Mr. S's there was an ignorant hardened company, who had heard much preaching, but I fear to bad purpose. May the hammer of the word, in the hand of omnipotent mercy, break these rocks into pieces. In the evening I returned to RWs, and was under painful exercises of soul the next day. Such views of my want of more of the divine nature, and such a clear discovery of the wickedness and obstinacy of the people, were opened to my mind, that my Spirit was brought down to the dust before the Lord, and my heart poured out streams of humble, earnest prayer. The words of the apostle are continually verified. We must, through much tribulation, enter into the kingdom of God. Acts 14, 22 Such gracious discoveries as break up the great deep of the human heart, are painful, but profitable. Blessed be God, for illuminating, quickening, sanctifying, and strengthening grace. Thursday, 13 A sense of the divine presence penetrated my soul, and I was deeply humbled before the Lord, but was at the same time in the furnace of temptations, and by all my prayers and efforts could not obtain deliverance from them. No doubt, but it was then needful that I should be in heaviness through such manifold temptations. But the Lord knoweth how and when to deliver. On Friday my soul was in peace, and I felt willing to die, rather than ever yield to temptation and sin against my God. Lord's Day 16 After preaching at Mr. B's in the fork, I enforced Acts 13, 40, 41 at RL's, where many people were affected, and about twelve were taken as probationers into the society.  It seemed as if the Lord was working on their willing hearts to prepare them for his church militant below and for his church triumphant above. Though my body is feeble, and the weather is very warm, yet the Lord supports me, and makes my labors successful. How do thy mercies close me round? Forever be thy name adored. I blush in all things to abound. The servant is above his Lord. Thursday, 27 After preaching at the widow J's, I returned to Mr. W's, and was visited by my old friends WL and WM. Lord's Day 30 For several days past I was extremely ill with evomiting, etc., and was frequently delirious. It was a very heavy season of affliction, but the Lord looked upon me in my trouble, and this day he granted me some relief. Glory be given to God. My fever was greatly abated. Lord's Day, September 6 I am still unable to preach the glad tidings of salvation to my fellow man. And my mind has been variously exercised through the past week, sometimes grieved at spending my time to so little purpose, at other times deeply engaged for more inward religion, and for more of God. Lord's Day, 13 Another week has passed without public labor, except one prayer meeting. But my soul has enjoyed a great degree of divine peace and consolation. Especially on last Thursday, my soul was favored with deep communion with God. How earnestly do I long for a more holy and a closer walk with God? To have every thought devoted to my blessed Jesus. I ventured to preach today on Hebrews 13, 13, when my spirit was at liberty, and the people were affected. Tuesday, 15 This was a day of peculiar temptations. My trials were such as I do not remember to have experienced before, and for some time it seemed as if I scarcely knew whether to fight or fly. My usefulness appeared to be cut off. I saw myself pent up in a corner. My body in a manner worn out. My English brethren gone, so that I had no one to consult. And every surrounding object and circumstance wore a gloomy aspect. Lord, must I thus pine away and quench the light of Israel? No. Though he slay me, yet will I trust him. Though in the paths of death I tread, with gloomy horrors overspread, my steadfast heart shall fear no ill. For thou, O Lord, art with me still. Thy friendly crook shall give me aid, and guide me through the dreadful shade. Wednesday, 16 My body felt better, and my mind had rest. I could repose myself in Christ Jesus, and felt a lively hope that, through all my difficulties, the Lord will finally conduct me to eternal rest. Thursday, 17 While riding on the road, my soul was deeply affected with a powerful, solemn sense of a present and gracious God. What ecstatic sensations must be enjoyed in heaven, where a much deeper sense of the divine presence is eternally enjoyed, without interruption or cessation. Well, might St. Paul say, to die is gain. Here our communion with the deity is but partial and very imperfect. We dwell in shells of infirmity, exposed to the assaults of wicked spirits, and surrounded with countless numbers of amusing, empty objects. By which means we are in continual danger of forgetting God, or of being too well-satisfied without the fruition of Him. I called to see Mr. S. and his wife, who was sick, and I introduced a conversation on the benefit of affliction, as a proper means to excite our consideration, and humble us for our past sins. But she began to say, Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and seemed inclined to presume that she was in a state of acceptance. This I did not believe, and therefore broke off the conversation abruptly, and went to prayer. They were both extremely affected, and especially Mrs. S. The Lord had touched and broken her heart, so that her thoughts of herself, and of the nature of religion, were greatly changed. And I left her roaring and crying for mercy. Lord's Day 20. There was a great melting in the congregation, and a pleasing prospect of a gracious work of God, while I attempted to describe the solemn grandeur of the judgment day, and the woeful end of the unregenerate, from 2 Thessalonians 1, 7 through 10, Thursday 24. My frame has been indisposed all this week, so that I am almost a stranger to the enjoyment of health for any length of time. I have been reading the life of Mr. Blank, but think it quite too pompous. The praise bestowed on him is too much to bestow on mortal dust. What is man that such flowers should be strewed on his grave? May I ever be contented with the honor which cometh from God only. My soul at present is filled with his Holy Spirit. I have a glorious prospect of a boundless ocean of love, and immense degrees of holiness opening to my view, and now renew my covenant with the Lord, that I may glorify him with my body and spirit, which are his.  But, after all, and in the midst of all, I can feelingly say, I am an unprofitable servant. But, though unworthy, utterly unworthy, I am blessed with the sweet gales of God's love. Blessed breezes, how they cheer and refresh my drooping soul. What the Lord has for me to do, I know not. But wait to know, and gladly to obey every dictate of his unerring pleasure. Friday, 25. My soul was still happy in my God, and I am powerfully persuaded that I shall yet live to be more useful than ever in the Church of Christ. Saturday, 26. On my way to the fork, I was in spiritual travail for the souls of the people. And there was some melting at Mr. R's, but a much more powerful moving at L's, while I discoursed on 2 Corinthians 5, 11. Knowing, therefore, the terror of the Lord, we persuade men. But we are made manifest to God, and I trust also we are made manifest in your consciences. I returned to my lodging, blessing and praising God, that he had enabled me to deliver my own soul, and given me some cause to hope that my labor was not in vain. Wednesday, 30. The malicious enemy of mankind still haunts, and powerfully tempts me. But my never-failing friend makes me victorious. My soul is in constant search after more of God, and sweetly sinks deeper and deeper into the abyss of his fullness. I am much employed in the spirit and duty of prayer, but earnestly desire to be more so. My desire is that prayer should mix with every thought, with every wish, with every word, and with every action. That all might ascend as a holy, acceptable sacrifice to God. End of Section 29, Recording by Brian Keenan Section 30 of Journal of the Reverend Francis Asbury, Volume 1 This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Brian Keenan Journal of the Reverend Francis Asbury, Volume 1, Section 30 Thursday, October 1 My heart was much devoted to him who devoted himself to death for me. Peace and purity were my agreeable companions, and I saw the indispensable need of perpetual watching, and looking unto Jesus, the author and finisher of my faith, who for the joy which was set before him endured the cross, despised the shame, and is set down at the right hand of God. Endured the cross, despised the shame, and shall the disciple desire to be above his master? Shall I ever shun the cross, or dread the shame? God forbid! For it is only on condition that we suffer with him, that we shall also reign with him. At tease today there was a gracious melting in the congregation, and the prospect of a good work on the hearts of many. I then rode to Mr. F's, and the untaught audience felt the weight of divine truth. Mr. F has been under religious impressions amongst the Nicolites, but suffers spiritual loss by the want of more fortitude. Friday, too. I preached a funeral sermon on Nanticoke River, and we had a very solemn season. Lord's Day 4 I was greatly assisted in my public exercises, though my body was afflicted with a fever. After preaching twice, I rode to Mr. W's, and enjoyed consolation in my soul. Though at present there is but a small prospect of my being permitted to preach long in this land with a clear conscience. But to defile the conscience would be doing evil that good may come, which I look upon as a dangerous, yea, a diabolical sentiment, and therefore can never think of indulging it. My conscience must be kept void of offence towards God, as well as towards man. I am desirous to do what I can for the salvation of the immortal souls which inhabit America. But if providence should permit men to prevent me, then I am clear, and must labor where the door is open. Thursday, 8 I found some religious feelings in the congregation at G's, but dead, dead times at L's. And I was so unwell as to be under the necessity of sitting down to teach the people. I returned very ill, and was unable to preach on the Lord's Day. Lord's Day, 18 My body has labored under affliction all the week, and Satan has buffeted me with heavy temptations. I have been much tempted to impatience, and to say, Show wherefore thou contendest with me. But shall the clay complain in the hand of the potter? Lord, support me, and enable me to resist the devil, that he may flee from me. This was a very solemn day in the great congregation, and I felt unusual power in preaching on Acts 20, 27. I left the people under the effects of what they had heard and felt, and then returned to Mr. W's. Bless the Lord, O my soul, and all that is within me, praise his holy name. Friday, 23 My indisposition still cleaveth to my shattered frame. But my spirit is, for the most part, pacific and calm, though much tempted. Lord, grant me patience and resignation on all occasions, that while I am a living man, I may never complain. Tuesday, 27 My soul was impressed with the deeper sense of the presence and purity of God, and I felt determined to be more circumspect and watchful in every part of my conduct. But what are all the resolutions of man without the grace of God? And will God withhold his grace without any fault in us? By no means. He hath encouraged us to ask, by promising that we shall receive, if we do not ask amiss. Lord, help me to fulfill all my covenant engagements, that I may have respect to every precept of thy righteous law, and in all things do according to thy holy will. I spent part of this day in reading, but a fever and pains produced a restless night. Thursday, 29 I spoke with some animation at G's, and most of the congregation felt the weight of divine truths. Friday, 30 I put the society in some order at El's, turning out the disorderly members, which always are a weight and a curse to any religious community. St. Paul said to the Corinthians, though alluding to only one disorderly person among them, know ye not that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump? First Corinthians 5, 6 And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, for the covetousness of Akon, who then dwelt among them. Joshua 7, 1 And who can tell how often the Lord is displeased with his church, for the wickedness of some of its members? No doubt that this frequently checks the spiritual progress of the righteous, especially if ungodly members are known and not dealt with according to the Gospel. I spoke plainly and closely to the people, and there was some moving of the Holy Spirit amongst them. But alas, I am not yet so devout, spiritual, and heavenly as I ought to be. Neither do I feel that burning love to God which I want to feel. What small returns do I make, after my late visitations of judgment and mercy? I may well say of myself, ah, ungrateful wretch. May the Lord help me to be always mending. Lord's Day, November 1 After I had preached a funeral sermon, at which the hearts of many were powerfully wrought upon, I returned to T.W.'s, making twenty miles in the whole, and lectured in the evening, and then lay me down and slept in peace. Wednesday, 4 There was some melting among the people at T.'s, and a prospect of a work of grace. On Thursday I felt deep workings of heart, but was much taken up with God in prayer. I wrote to Quantico, and found no want of anything there but religion. I then returned to Sussex, and found my spirit at liberty in preaching to those untaught people, who behaved with seriousness and attention. Monday, 9 I wrote to T.W.'s, and cannot help esteeming his house as my temporary home. Though I meet with more spiritual trials than in constant travelling. Lord, point out my way, and show what thou wouldst have me to do. Saturday, 14 I have spent this week in reading and private exercises, and have been much indisposed in my body. But, glory to God, I have been favored with some access to his gracious presence, and felt strong desires to be abased as in the dust before him. Lord's Day, 15 This morning I felt very unwell, but ventured to set out for my appointment 20 miles off, and found both my body and mind strengthened far beyond my expectation. Monday, 16 I preached to a few poor people at W.R.'s, and then returned to my temporary home in a much better state of health than when I went out. Thus is my life at present checkered.  So the Lord is pleased to deal with me, to keep my spirit down. Father of mercies, let thy will be done. I am thine, and submit to be dealt with according to thy pleasure. Wednesday, 18 My soul was much devoted to God. I spent part of the day in visiting the sick, and then returning I preached in the evening, with much liberty at E.W.'s. Thursday, 19 Having had much time on my hands, I have endeavored to improve it by enriching my understanding with religious knowledge, and by frequent earnest prayer to Almighty God, that He may enrich my heart with all the graces of His Holy Spirit. I have lately read through the first volume of these paraphrase, and am now waiting for sufficient health and a proper opportunity to turn out and labor in the field, which is white for harvest. But alas, I cannot think that I grow in grace as I increase in knowledge. Come, dear Lord, come quickly into my panting soul, and by thy gracious beams transform my whole soul into thy divine likeness, that I may shine in all the image of Christ Jesus. Dr. D.'s critical notes and improvements are excellent, instructive, and beautiful, well calculated for forming the minds of young preachers, to prevent wild and unwarrantable expositions such as some are apt to give. He must have been a man of extensive reading and learning. Lord's Day, 22. Some souls were affected while I was preaching on 1 Corinthians 6, 19, 20, and in class meeting the members of society were greatly quickened. But it is matter of lamentation to me that I do not glorify God more perfectly. On Monday I read D.'s paraphrase and admire His Spirit, Sense, and Ingenuity, though I disagree with Him in respect to the unconditional perseverance of saints. That this doctrine has a pernicious influence on the conduct of many is beyond all doubt, and a man must live much above his principles to be diligent and faithful under the persuasion of such a stupefying and dangerous sentiment. Thursday, 26. My mind has lately been much taken up with God, and I frequently struggled and wrestled and pleaded for more of the divine nature. Bid me in thy image rise, a saint, a creature new, true and merciful and wise, and pure and happy too. This thy primitive design, that I should in thee be blessed, should within the arms divine forever ever rest. Friday, 27. I am much delighted in reading the second volume of D.'s paraphrase, and am occupied with various exercises, and my soul enjoys sweet peace. But all this is not traveling and preaching at large for the salvation of souls. Lord, when shall I return to my beloved employment, and be every day casting the gospel net, to bring souls to the expanded arms of the willing Saviour? Lord's Day, 29. We had a large audience and a very solemn time at Jays. I then returned and lectured at E.W.'s. Thursday, December 3. Under some groundless apprehensions I set out for Somerset. My soul poured out abundant prayer by the way, and the Lord, by his providence, conducted me in safety. Tuesday, 8. After my little excursion to Broad Creek, and its adjacent parts, I returned. And notwithstanding all the foreboding apprehensions of my mind, no person offered me the smallest insult. Wednesday, 9. My mind was kept in a calm serenity. But as I did not enjoy such deep communion with God as my soul was favored with in the course of the last week, I was much abased in my own eyes. Though, upon the whole, my obligations to praise and magnify the Lord are very great, and may his grace preserve me from every degree of ingratitude. Friday, 11. As Brother H is incapable of traveling, there seems to be a necessity for my going to Ems. I have endeavored, and do still endeavor, to improve my time by prayer, meditation, and reading. But I cannot omit any opportunity of preaching, not knowing how soon my liberty or life may come to a final period. On Saturday I met the children and the black people, and found some gracious movings among them. Lord's Day, 13. With much freedom of spirit I preached at E.W.'s, on these words, so applicable to thousands. But they made light of it, and went their ways. One to his farm, and another to his merchandise. And the remnant took his servants, and entreated them spitefully, and slew them. The Word, attended by the grace of God, wrought on the understandings of some, and on the affections of others. Tuesday, 15. The Lord blessed me with sweet peace, though too much company interrupted my private meditations and study. It seems as if I must commit myself to divine providence, and go forth to declare the glad tidings of salvation to the children of men. Lest others should follow my example of a partial silence without sufficient cause. Thursday, 17. I have ended the fourth volume of Mr. Dodridge's paraphrase. He sets the apostle off to the greatest advantage of the two epistles to the Corinthians. My soul has been grievously exercised by temptations to impatience and discontent. With the greatest propriety, St. Paul exhorted Timothy to war a good warfare. A warfare indeed. How powerful and subtle are enemies. And it is very remarkable that all the addresses to the seven churches of Asia conclude with a promise to them that overcome. Lord, help me to stand in the evil day, fortified with faith, meekness, patience, and love. That conquering every foe by thy almighty aid, I may at last eat of the tree of life, which is in the midst of the paradise of God. Friday, 18. I am not altogether what I wish to be, and am much tempted by Satan. Nevertheless, the Lord is my portion and my support. My labors are still in some measure circumscribed, so that I generally preach or exhort but about three times a week. Lord, let not my weakness, timidity, or unfaithfulness provoke thee to lay me aside as a broken instrument, as fit for little or no service. But for twenty months before these troublesome times fully came, I foresaw the probability of them, and was much stirred up to rely upon God and prepare for the worst. There is now an appointment for me to go to Kent in Delaware, and my hope is that the Lord will fortify and bless me in my labors. Lord's Day 20. After preaching at El's, I returned and lectured at T.W.'s, and on Monday saw Brother W.N., who informed me of the prosperity of the work, which far exceeds my expectation. Although the labors are driven from place to place, yet it seems the Lord will help us in his own way and time. Wednesday 23. My temptations yesterday were very heavy and troublesome, but today my soul overflowed with gratitude to God. I have lately observed the strong propensity in children to lie, and seen how the Lord kept me from that and many other abominations from my early days. In all my ways thy hand I own, thy ruling providence I see, assist me still my course to run, and still direct my paths to thee. My soul has been much quickened by reading the memoirs of Mr. D., who is a man of great piety, and strict devotion to God. There is something peculiarly animating in the lives of holy men. For in their experience we see the veracity of God in fulfilling his gracious promises, and in their holy tempers and godly conduct we see the possibility of complying with the precepts of the Gospel. Therefore, in the perusal of such tracts, we feel an increasing appetite for more pure and undefiled religion. Friday 25. This being the day for commemorating the Savior's birth, I preached at E.W.'s with much inward freedom, though the audience were not greatly moved. I have lately begun to read, for the first time, Mr. Herve's celebrated dialogues, and cannot but observe his labored endeavors to establish the doctrine of the imputed righteousness of Christ. He seems to make it equal at least to the two grand commands of our Lord. And why not supersede them? But Providence has brought forth that eminent man, Mr. John Fletcher, to manage this subject, whose language appears to be more natural and less studied than Mr. Herve's, and yet in no respect inferior, and his arguments are incontestable, carrying their own conviction with them. But of this let the public judge. Saturday 26. I intended to set out for my appointment in Kent, but a great snow prevented me. Tuesday 29. I have generally read of late about a hundred pages a day in Herve's dialogues, the lives of Gilbert, Harper, Langston, Brainerd, etc. But alas, how is my soul abased? It is my deliberate opinion that I do the least good in the Church of Christ of any that I know, and believe to be divinely moved to preach the Gospel. How am I displeased with myself? Lord, in mercy help, or I am undone indeed. January 1, 1779. A living miracle of divine mercy I am brought to the beginning of another year. How many of my friends are gone to eternity the past year, while I am spared amidst temptations and afflictions of various kinds? I humbly hope, upon the whole, I am more spiritual. But oh, how unfruitful and unprofitable. This year seems to open with forebodings of uncommon distress. Lord, prepare me for every event of thy providence. My own soul was much affected, and there appeared to be a concern among the people, while preaching today at El's. Blessed be God, my soul has intimate access to Jesus, and is much quickened. My residue of days or hours, thine, holy thine, shall be, and all my consecrated powers a sacrifice to thee. Saturday too. I reached my circuit in Kent, and preached on my favorite subject. This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. There appeared to be some meltings of heart among the people. Upon mature reflection, I do not repent my late voluntary retirement in the state of Delaware. Notwithstanding all my afflictions and fears, I entertain a hope, that after the people have been tried and humbled by their present calamities, the Lord will yet visit and bless them with spiritual light, purity, and consolation. Already I am informed that there is a gracious work going on in Sussex, in Delaware, and in Accomac and Northampton Counties in Virginia. Monday 4. Being prevented from traveling by a heavy fall of snow, I finished the reading of the second volume of Mr. Wesley's Sermons, which I began on Saturday, and they were, as usual, made a peculiar blessing to my soul. I trust the Lord favors me with an increase of love and gratitude. Wednesday 6. I ended the first volume of Prado's connections, and had a clear view of the state of the nations at the different periods of the Church of God, a just view of which is highly necessary for the understanding of the prophecies. The revolutions of kingdoms have been wonderful in all ages, and it ought not to be thought strange if they should be so now. But in all the various turns of divine providence, God had, and still has, spiritual ends, and the welfare of his Church in view. Thursday 7. In reading the second volume of Prado, I was struck with the exact fulfillment of Daniel's prophecy. The seventy weeks being divided into three periods, that is, into seven, sixty-two, and one week, the first reaches from the time of the going forth of the commandment to Ezra, for the restoring of the Church and the state of the Jews in the seventh year of Artaxerxes Longabanus, to the finishing of that work by Nehemiah, forty-nine years after, the second from the end of that period to four hundred and thirty-four years after, at which time the Messiah appeared in the ministry of John, and the last from that of his thus appearing to his being cut off by his death on the cross, which was one week or seven years, and all these put together fully make up seventy weeks or four hundred and ninety years of this prophecy, and, according to this computation, every particular of it hath been fully verified in a completion exactly agreeable there too, and the whole number of years pointed out thereby exactly answered to a month, for as the going out of the commandment to Ezra, from whence they began, was in the month of Nisan, so the crucifixion of Christ was also in the same month just four hundred and ninety years after. This day my heart was kept in peace. My soul shall make her boast in the Lord, Friday 8. I rode to Mr. Boyers and conversed freely with him on the things of God. He appeared very kind and inclined to hear instruction. Lord's Day 10. Though it rained, many attended to hear the word both at B's and at Dover, and on Monday my heart was greatly enlarged in preaching to a large congregation at H's on Romans 1, 16. There were present many persons of respectability. But every mouth was stopped, and gainsayers had nothing to say or do. Tuesday 12. I preached at Esses on the education of children and relative duties. I then rode to Arshaz, where I found a tender congregation, and left one soul in deep distress. It seems that God, in compassion to the souls of the people, has kept the way open for the preachers to travel, notwithstanding the imprudence of some and the wickedness of others. If the Lord is pleased to work, who or what can hinder? Wednesday 13. My soul has enjoyed a deep sense of God. The congregation was large at Esses, and I trust their coming together was profitable, at least to some of them. In many circuits the preachers have hardly an opportunity of reading their Bibles, much less anything else. A great part of the day is taken up in writing, preaching, and meeting the classes. And very often at night there is a large family, but one room for all, sometimes no candle, so that I think it would be well under such circumstances if the preachers could have one spare day in every week for the purpose of improving themselves. Thursday 14. I had many people at teas to whom I preached with great freedom, and took occasion to explain and enforce family duties. It affords me no small joy to find that my labors are not altogether in vain. Saturday 16. I am grievously tempted by the enemy, but the Lord is still my defender and friend. I am now reading the third volume of Pridot, and find it both entertaining and instructive. I still go on to enforce the education of children and family duties. Lord's Day 24. At the widow Jackson's I enforced Genesis 18-19. I know him that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the Lord to do justice and judgment, that the Lord may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him. In the evening I opened and applied Ezekiel 36-25, etc., with light and liberty, and the congregation felt the weight of the word. End of Section 30, Recording by Brian Keenan


My name's Haran Shana. I got lucky enough to go to Eltham Fire Brigade with the CFA. Today means a lot to me. I come from a placing background and helping people is part of my passion. So this has just opened up more avenues to helping people and I think it's a great part to be in the community, especially with the CFA as a pretty heavily community organisation. Today means a lot to me. I've obviously graduated before and always hearing those bands playing, always gets me going. I get pretty excited and it's a good feeling to graduate again. Training here is unreal. I'm looking forward to continuing training within the CFA. I met one of my leadings and it sounds like they're pretty keen out there to have some good training at Eltham. The family's from Wagga originally so they had to come up and this is the first time they've actually got to see me graduate so that's good and I think it's been a long 19 weeks for them too so it's been great.


Hi, everyone, it's great to be here. This is actually my first time back talking in person since 2019. So, right, we're getting back in the groove. I forgot my emotional support chapstick, but I did bring my emotional support water bottle. Hold on, this is the time when my computer wants to update. Salesforce never stops. OK, so again, I'm Sarah. I'm an engineer on the front-end team for Heroku. We've actually got a lot of representation from the team today. We've got the whole crew in the house. If you find anybody, please say hi. We also have a table out back, so I hope you all have had some time to go back and stop by. Before I joined Heroku, I actually spent the first part of my career with the federal government and the last part of that at the General Services Administration, or GSA. I also work remote out of Dayton, Ohio, and I'm really passionate about developer experience, and that's one of the things that led me to join Heroku. During my time as a Fed, I saw a lot of neglected projects. Every time there was an administration change or a leadership change, someone's pet project got shuffled around and kind of lost in the system. And here's a good example. This is usability.gov. This screenshot is actually from July of 2013, so 10 years ago. When I was at GSA, I actually owned this product, so it's kind of my fault that it's not updated, sorry. But none of us really had time to work on it, and leadership never really made it a priority. And that happens for a lot of reasons, and it happens all the time. So here is, for fun, a screenshot of usability.gov from earlier this week. Sorry, again, visually not a lot has changed here. And maybe a couple of boxes have moved around, and I would absolutely put this in the neglected category, unfortunately. But this doesn't just happen at the federal government. I would probably wager that a lot of teams here, if you've been around for more than a few years, have some neglected projects in your back pocket that maybe you don't wanna pull out and look at too often or pay attention to. And at Heroku, I will admit, were no exceptions. And that's why I'm here today. You can see I am going all in with the medical theme, so excited about that. And here is a quick overview about how I'm gonna break up this talk today. First, we're going to take a look at evaluating old projects for viability. Is it something you wanna breathe new life into or not? And then we'll take a look at, if you do decide to revive a project, some ways that you might go about updating it. And then I'll just finish off with some tips. Oh, before I get started, though, I've heard this question a lot over the past two days. And the answer is yes, we do use Ember. We have been using Ember on the Heroku front end team since about 2015, I think. And so, just getting that out there. So, like I said, we've been working to evaluate a lot of our old projects for viability. We've had a lot of change within the Heroku organization. If you don't know, we're also owned by Seralsforce. So there has been a lot of kind of ebb and flow about the priorities and what we work on and kind of what we set aside. So I have collected just some questions and kind of categorized them into three groups to just better organize them. And that's gonna be the groups of the team, the customer and the tech stack. So first, taking a look at this from the team lens, here are some questions that you might wanna ask yourselves. And the first one is, do we have the time, skills and heart to keep this project going? And I think that heart piece is super important. Last year on our team, we had a member who was the SME for a project and really didn't want to be. They didn't have the drive to really properly give that project the care and feeding that they needed. And so eventually they moved on. And then this kind of takes me to the next question, could we bring on folks who would put in the time and effort and have the heart to keep that project up to date? And that's actually what we did on the Heroku front end team with our command line application we brought on to new staff to specifically focus on that product and work to get it to a better place. The next question, would our time be better spent on other priorities? I think whenever you are considering where or whether you want to work on a project and spend time and effort into it, you have to consider also on the other hand what is kind of being set aside. Every technical debt decision is also kind of a business strategy decision. So you have to keep that in the back of your mind. And then the last one here, is there another team with more resources that could handle the upkeep of this project? And I think this is one that folks don't consider often enough. It's one we actually considered on our team and we were all able to offload a project to another team and get it out of our hair, which was awesome. From the customer or product lens, you might want to ask the questions, is this still being used? Why or why not? We actually had another project on the front end team where we know we were going through our evaluation and found a project that hadn't been updated in four years. So that sounded like easy pick-ins to put it on the archive list. And then when I actually went to take a look at it, it turned out folks were still using it. It was still giving value. And so you have to consider that. The next question is, are we still solving the correct problem and is that meaningful? The product you developed five or six years ago might have been perfect for whatever product or whatever problem you were solving at that time, but then you need to consider, is that still valid? Is that people still care about?  Oftentimes we create things and kind of move on and then other people will come behind us and create something else. Is that something else better? And do we have the passion to bring our project up to that level, up to par with them? Or do we want to let them have the space? And sometimes that's okay. One thing I wanted to add in here was to be sure and start with metrics for the things that you're considering. It's important to actually identify the ideal metrics to answer the questions that you have, but not try to shoehorn the numbers into answering the questions the way you want them to. Let's be realistic. And a lot of times you usually have both internal and external metrics available to you, so consider that. And then if you don't have any metrics to answer the questions that you have, then consider taking three months or six months to spend the time gathering that data so you can make a better, more informed decision. From the technical lens, again, we have this question of, do you have the skills on your team to bring the project up to date and keep it that way? And what about onboarding new contributors? Within our team on the Heroku front end, we have a lot going on, as you can see. We've got React, Ember, Phoenix Framework, Elixir, there's some GraphQL somewhere that we try not to look at. It's a lot. And that makes it hard to onboard new people. There's a lot of things to learn. If you focus on one thing, you're not really learning the other thing, and there's just too much complexity. But that is definitely one of the things that we are working into our long-term plan to reduce that complexity in a unification plan and ultimately offload some of these frameworks and projects. So one other thing you also need to consider is a technology outlook. Most things around us will eventually experience decay that might be the car or the bus you took to get here.  I actually read a couple studies lately that said software architecture debt is worse and more impactful than just regular coding tech debt. And I think probably everyone here by now has heard the combos around is Ember dying? And for us at Heroku on the front-end team, that answer is no. We're actually moving away from React and Ruby on Rails and investing more into Ember. And we found that maintaining and updating Ember is much easier than with React and it's easier to onboard new staff too. We love that you can make incremental changes without having to kind of stop the world like you might have to with React and that can be a big lift. And so that's why we want to expand our time and skills in expanding the Ember code base. So the outcomes from this phase could be update the project if you decide to save it, archive it if you decide it's not something that you wanna pursue or offload it to another team. But making this decision is not really black and white and the choice doesn't necessarily have to be to keep it going 100% or just bury it. There's a lot of in between there and you have to consider within your team, within your organization, what that looks like for you. So next we'll talk about updating the project if you do decide to revive it. One of the first things we did was to take an inventory you want to identify all the things that you are actually responsible for and take what you have and where you want to be and use that to develop your incremental milestones along the way. And working on kind of an endeavor like this, it can be helpful if you use a sort of maturity model or framework to help guide your thinking. This is actually a maturity model from GitHub and they published this back in I think 2016 has not been updated since, it's fine. But this really closely aligns to what we've been doing on the Heroku team. And so I wanted to dive into that a little bit. Level one is are minor dependencies updated? Have you satisfied your security bulletins? And I think another one to add here is have you evaluated and gotten rid of dependencies that you no longer need? I feel like we're adding dependencies maybe a little more than we're removing them and folks need to take a step back and do that as well. One technique that we use to kind of tackle this level one scenario for our applications is something that we call Big Thursday. Every once in a while on a Thursday we'll get the whole team together and split up into groups. Those groups are usually based on tech stack. So Ember, React, Elixir is kind of usually how it falls. We'll use a Kanban board in GitHub projects and try and just tackle as many of these kind of low level quick hit dependency updates as possible. Level two here is major dependencies are on a long term supported version. We actually put together a whole project recently with a small team to review all of our projects and get them up to an LTS version we were happy with. We literally called that project supported versions upgrade. So the rocket science there, but they got it done. For us that work meant updating things like Node, React, Ember, I think Redis, Postgres, Lerna, all the things. So the team got together in the batching of those similar things in order to move that along more quickly. Level three is the project well tested and that can mean different things to different teams. So you can figure out that for yourselves but the example I wanted to talk about here was when we updated our dashboard app to use Ember Q unit instead of Ember Mocha, we decided that we wanted to move to a testing framework that was fully supported. And so that was another project that we put together. It was a bit of a longer term project because we have a lot of tests in our app and I had the pleasure of working on that. It was super fun. Well, we did have a code mod to help out there so I forget who made that but thanks. Level four, so is your code well documented and organized? Well enough so that a new person can make sense of it and understand your expectation for contributions. I think a great first test of documentation is to onboard a new person and just set them for you to get a project running locally and on their machine without extra help and to me that's kind of the minimum bar for documentation like somebody else needs to be able to use it. And when I worked on code.gov we actually put together a research experiment to get folks to come and use our documentation we recorded it and took notes and wanted them to see it so they get our open source project up and running and that was super insightful and led us to a lot of documentation changes. And then after that, is there enough for someone to put in a PR according to the standards that you want them to put that thing in? So some things to consider and build from there. And then level five repeatable work is automated. I liked what we just saw from Flores who had a couple bots that they had created. I think the linting bot was awesome. So that was good to see. And end goal really is to have humans touching less things on a regular basis. So if there are repetitive tasks that can be handed off to a bot, then let's do that. And we've actually been using GitHub actions on our team to help with some of that. And then here I'm just kind of summarizing again some of those techniques that we mentioned, but they're just organized from kind of smallest time commitment to larger time commitment here. I think the first one I didn't mention yet was opportunistic improvement. So if you do nothing else as an individual contributor when you're in a code base, you can leave it a little better off. So take the opportunity to maybe just make one small change and make it better than where you found it. I talked about Big Thursday in batching, larger focused efforts. Oh, the last one was a multi-phased effort. And our command line application is actually going through a multi-phased effort to get up to date to where we want it to be. And I think that's a three or four quarter effort, long-term plan, RFC involved, a lot going on. So glad we were able to get leadership to approve that, thank you, Katie. And that's another thing that you can consider. And so you've got a whole kind of spectrum of ways that you can tackle things like this. It's also really important to get organized and ruthlessly prioritize the work. I read this story in a book where some folks had used some sort of algorithm or AI to evaluate their code base and it spit it out and said, it will take you 4,000 years to cover this tech debt. That's unfortunate, but maybe not surprising. And so it is doable, but especially when you have larger kind of overwhelming things to think about, it's really important to consider how you're going to ruthlessly prioritize, maybe start small and work incrementally and then just take small bites so you're not feeling overwhelmed and look for the quick wins. That's something I kind of like to do in anything. I am the type of person who gets a lot of energy from those quick wins. So whenever I'm starting something new, I kind of want to consider what's the low hanging fruit and what can I accomplish really quickly to feel that excitement and feel that momentum. So you've got this big list of prioritized work. How do you actually convince leadership that spending time reviving neglected projects is worth it and how do you convince your team to get excited about that work? And earlier this year, I saw a talk from Alex Smoldovan at Code Sandbox. I think it was the Tech Lead Conference and he gave this talk called Framework for Managing Technical Debt. He had three rules that I think really helped to answer this question. The first one is make it visible. You can't really refactor in the dark. You need to make sure that your entire team knows what's being planned and done and that other teams know what you're doing as well. You want to be very transparent and work in the open. The second is to make it rewarding. Teams need to get a sense of success from refactoring the same way that they do from shipping something. So consider, like I said, what immediate wins might be personally motivating to folks like removing code that doesn't spark joy or just making a project easier to onboard too. That's something I like to do. And then number three, make it resilient. How can you make sure that we don't get into this place again and have to spend time and money doing that work all over? Like nobody wants to think about that. Nobody wants to do it again. So leadership especially does not want you to spend money twice doing the same thing. So have a plan for that. And then for my last section, I have just a few tips to help you if you are updating a project, help keep you from getting to that place again. So I've got three tips. Document decisions, celebrate and create accountability. You want to document the why for the decisions you make first of all, how did you come to that decision? What were the trade-offs? Anything helps. I have in my years in my career have picked up a lot of old projects from folks who might no longer be on the team, no longer are in the company or at the agency. And anytime you can just write down why you made a specific decision, it super helps the person that who might come after you. Celebrate, set time aside to share and celebrate any wids. We do this on our front-end team and we actually have once a month a team brunch where we get together and chat. And last month we actually shared and celebrated some of our wins on some recent projects. So that was super fun. It's also good to track progress and share out any improvement metrics you might have like number of tests added or how much of build time was reduced. Numbers can be really motivating and leadership loves numbers of course. And then the last one here is create accountability because I wholeheartedly believe this. When everyone owns everything, no one owns anything. So one thing we're actually doing is moving to kind of better organize our products and organize our team to kind of split out responsibilities. So we do have more of a sense of ownership for those things. And finally, I want you to be realistic. Like please be realistic with yourselves. If you figure out that something isn't meeting your expectations, then it's okay to go in another direction. It doesn't have to be full speed ahead. This is what we decided, so we're gonna keep going. Take a step back, reconsider and adapt and adjust. And then I would also add in here, iterate and experiment. You wanna keep the vision for your change in mind while kind of changing out the tactics and the strategies to get you to that vision. This is my favorite piece of advice.  And this is the last thing that I'll say. It's important to save yourself from yourself because you might be that programmer six months from now or even six years from now that has to come back and work on this application. You might have to pick up where you left off.  And you wrote it. So let's help ourselves out. Let's help each other out and consider what you can do now to, if nothing else, just help your future self. Thank you.


The story of energy might be quite mysterious. Tesla was a scientist, but some people say that he was mystical.