Thank you very much for giving an opportunity to make a presentation in a top-notch conference and Thank you very much for coming here. I am a Hiroya Soyama and I came from Japan and I want to talk about information management and Please don't be say about myself and our company. I've been a software engineer and I'm a former OpenStack Technical Contributor even though just only a few commits and now I've developing and maintaining our internal information management system for seven years and I'm also a contributor of StuckStorm that is an automation DevOps open source software and About our company DMM.com it mainly provides entertainment contents for domestic customers and It engaged in a large variety of businesses on many areas. We are focusing on online video streaming services and The total number of customers is over 39 million people and the last year sales sales is over 305 billion yen. That is about 2.2 billion dollars and We operated those services using our own premise environment This is summary of our infrastructure. Much traffic is a feature of our environment compared to the middle scale of nodes And that's my short introduction. So let's get in the point I'll show you how we have managed our infrastructure information and what we struggled with This story is composed of three parts at the beginning I'll show you how we have managed our information and what problems were happened and then I want to talk about an ideal way to manage information in response to that problems That way is SSOT and that sounds for a single source of truth in conclusion But SSOT is not perfect solution. I mean the flawless solution doesn't exist in the world But trade-off does so I'll mention shortcomings of SSOT. Lastly So the first topic I want to talk about our past thing This list part of the information to operate our entire infrastructure basically We have used VMA solution to manage both physical and virtual machine storage and network For production environment. I'm sorry for not to use the open stack but Our entire infrastructure operation is not complete with the VMA alone It includes not only Deploying and monitoring but also the purchasing and delivering and repair control and also accounting also on and It requires to grab any kind of information to relate it to them and We used the rack tables which is open source software for data center set management system to handle part of that information Our rack table was a good solution to manage physical appliances like computer nodes network switches Fireball was such a dad and They are port connection topology, but it wasn't good enough to manage that whole information So we supplemently used another way That is one of the most famous Information management system around the world that is Spread the sheet. Ah Thank you very much. I respected that reaction But it may sound ironic, but I don't want to say it badly. I'd rather say that it stunning and fabulous for User interface and also the functionality and it grabs the heart of tons of people tightly But however, speaking of managing managing a large variety of information We should use alternative. I believe So I want to describe what kind of problems were happened by them The first problem is spurning other data sources that have a duplicated information with others At that time We had managed infrastructure information such as which server is equipped on a rack and where that rock is installed on a floor using rack tables and Its information was opened into public. So Everybody could access to it Once Nastaf started to think that hmm I want to manage their authentication information like password was such as that for each appliances But I don't want to store it to a public place. So let's make a spreadsheet that has confidential information. I Think many people often do that to separate confidential information from public one and This story doesn't end here another team staff that is referred to only this public data source also think about the same issue and Created another data source that has almost the same same danger in a different way It may seems like a joke But it's a serious and it's not laughing matter because they might be inconsistent in the worst case both of them a check and Check each item is under correct them one by one And This is a big loss of course information management came to be the work to keep it consistent But manage me about managing multiple data source makes its cost double or more if another data see another data source is Existed Furthermore, even though you work this task as hard as you can The product value will to be better and it will to contribute to increase customer satisfaction again to be clear I Believe this task is necessary for information management, but it's good enough to do it just for one time So we were suffered from those problems in summary information management without policy a result in its propagation Spurning data source one after another and Those multiple data source require as much cost and it doesn't contribute to increase product value and the customer satisfaction After here, I explained the hardships of information management From now, I tell you how we tackled that problems It's a rough conceptual diagram of ideal information management way for us This means that data sources are gathered at one place and that means SSOT a single source of truth And this idea is very very simple and it's easy to achieve it by gathering scattered information at one place But it also easy to break apart because as I said before Information data source flew around like a dust if you leave as it is So you have to make a mechanism to bond them into a system That is a critical point of SSOT and to realize it data extensibility is quite necessary and It must be able to do it dynamically because information grows up day by day and This kind of information tends to increase but settle into decreasing and Access control is quite important for SSOT I need a feature that part of them are visible from a specific user who is belong to TMA in this case But some others like accounting information to be invisible from that user Ultimately, I believe that only two principles are sufficient for an information management system to become SSOT First is dynamic extensibility and the second is the proper access control Of course, now information management system needs various other functions like full-tech research and following changing history or such as that But these two principles are essential for solving the problems that I mentioned Throughout our discussion, we decided to develop an information management system to achieve it on our own That is A1 and that is published as open source software in 2020 These are main concept of it I believe this is not a software that human being have never been invented But I could solve it could solve the problems that I said before The reason why I show now very ordinary software in here That's because I want to describe it as there are basis for discussion If someone suggests a better solution in response to my presentation it must be good for audience and for me too and I'm also happy when I can contribute to give you even a hint to easier problem related with information management in a way and So I'll explain the concept of this software This has two main data structure that handle all the information that is model and entry The model describes data schemer Which means what type of data it has that is like now table of our DBMS and relational database management system like My scale SQLite or such of that Model has zero or more attribute that has type of value to accommodate and The second main data structure is entry And that describes instance entry consistent attribute that correspond to models one each models of Each attribute of entry has actual value based on its type These are like record and the field of our DBMS that's our own data structure concept and This is an example of model declaration and each gray square and Here is it. I'm sure. Ah, yes here here is a model and blue square that is in each model here here and here are Attribute and the data type of attribute is very primitive like string reference Boolean or and its array or dictionary and then you can make the data structure like the that represent on-premise environment and This shows entries and that corresponds to each models each blue rectangles those blue rectangles represent entry and orange line Describes what entry refers to by reference type attribute in each entries From this data the user can know that the server one refers to Submarine is a gift on rock one or two and rock one or two is located installing a floor one or one Three floor Once we thank you and this floor is located on the Tokyo site or such like that and the point is in this way You can handle hold it all better like Directed graph that is quite easy to handle from computer program And to describe how a system the principle are achieved in this system I'm take a closer look at this entry over subarack and in this case and Rock one or two entry has attribute to know which floor is installed amount of power supply amount of power supply and whether it is available or not and After that suppose you want to add lower capacity information is needed for the rock entry And then you can do it by changing its model to add an attribute like this and You can set the actual value on it. That's all you can expand the information dynamically in this manner and Speaking of access control It can be said for each model entry and attribute levels in this case team B member can access all the information that is stored at rock one or two and You can set on config a set is configuration to prohibit to access to some attributes from a specific role user and You can also prohibit to access to whole entry from others By using this role-based access control feature our back feature user don't have to create another data source, but just to add attribute or model and Set access control configuration This shows how many models its attributes and entries are increased compared with the first release as you can see both the type and the amount of information handled by air one increase the the path of three three and a half years and after releasing air one internally in November in 2019 people no longer create other data sources instead they store information to air one and Expand its model as needed That was this and that was our story leading to the SS OT From now, I'll show you how we make them make it the most of The first use case is application deployment This deploy a deployment system uses staxome That is famous for an if workflow engine At the beginning of deployment it gets source code from a github repository and before deploying it To each notes it access to air one to get information where and how to do it This design is able to divide policy from mechanism to explain that I am taking a closer look at them Air one has configuration information. What knows make up which notice it and For example, this attribute Okay lost Here yes Examples represent which nodes consist on a specific notice it to deploy and a staxome we can know Where there are three nodes on it then a staxome deploy that that Nose according to workflow and Staxome also get information how to deploy them as such as environmental variables of containers and passing parameters for work for In this way It decouples policy from mechanism It makes them as it makes them simple and increase the flexibility and the maintainability because if the policy and the mechanism are combined You have to reproduce CICD processing whenever you change its configuration or setting information in addition it also decreasing the Developing cost by being an SSOT it means if there are multiple data sources like this You have to implement features to get information by learning what kind of API endpoint is and What response format is or what parameters are For each data sources, so however if the data data management method is unified you don't have to learn it Again once you did and you can do it as same manner with other data situation So the next yes That's our one case and the next use case is for data center management information management And we operate on-premise data center and its information is managed by air one and this is our clipping picture of it it shows some server racks on a specific floor and Installation status of equipment and each rectangles each Black rectangles represent the server rack at a 19 inch and 42 unit regular server rack and the blue roof tongue The blue rectangles is the each racks That shows Appliance and that have already been set on it and the compulsory the white is empty and red represent the reserve of space So you can see the Sorry, I can see it. So the you can see the fight. Yes, okay The also that rug is almost empty and in the middle line maybe that is reserved for an airflow was such a dad and If you click on a blue line, then you can see the information that is equipped in this space So this feature is developed by requirements from the customer But this is an exceptional mechanism of air one As I said before all our information is composed by entry and all entry has on you are L You are and end point to respond its information For example, once user access to the rock one or two entries and the point like this Then everyone responds the information only associated with its entry like this so basically Air one responds information for one entry power one access So this principle is necessary to be a general purpose information management system However, this basic mechanism is hard to show this page This is a creeping feature shown before Because this includes each rock entries on a floor and also appliances entries in each rocks It shows them all at once So this this is against the one access and one entry principle So we made another mechanism to achieve it This enables to customize the view processing according to the structure of a user defined model. We can call it custom view By using this user can get information from multiple entries when user accesses to an end point that custom views is configured in this case when user accesses to the Floor one or one entries and a floor one one entries and the point This custom view will get information from its entry and also Suburqs entries that refers to it It could be identified by pulling their reference graph data structure in internally In this way user can get Overview view page like this At the time users realize that the more information is gathered at SSOT The more it will be useful by connecting related information using the custom view feature before long many other custom views like IP address management and a port physical port and its connection management features were created and Users are actually added their own information to the air one and also expanded models Since then SSOT movement was accelerated Before that we were struggled with information disposal and a spanning and a spanning around But now it feel like the information is gravitated to the air one on its own That was our story that was our SSOT story From now, I want to see other companies activity from public information And that seems to be related with SSOT the one is Roboton which is published by Meta Facebook It managed a network life cycle from the from design configuration deployment and monitoring Those the status is managed by SSOT and data SSOD data source, which is called FV net And another one is malt by Google It's a large-scale network management technology from intercontinental communications to data centers It doesn't mentioned about SSOT itself, but it seems to work using a single single topology database Like these examples, managing information in a single source brings benefits to infrastructure operation, I think Until here, I talked about only the positive aspect of SSOT But according to the sage, there is no silver plate So I will mention about negative aspects of SSOT on the basis of our experience at last One day I received a claim from our operational team staff, hey I can't update our own VM entry and this system must be wrong, he said Until then we managed virtual machine information by this model But at the moment, accounting team staff changed its model to set status attributes as mandatory one Because they have been worried about the virtual machine entries of empty status attribute They can't know whether it's actually used and deserved with bidding target or not So to prevent to its omission, the staff decided to set it to prohibit to update and create its entry without setting status attribute This decision is very reasonable and this information should be managed like this But this stuff should understand that all the information that is managed in the SSOT is shared with others So it's necessary to coordinate with other users about changing its model in the SSOT environment So if you ask me that, okay, the model shouldn't be changed, right I'd say neither Because sometimes it should be better to actively change models I'll show the case of it The right side is a model structure related with network appliance and the left side shows its entry That are initially registered That model was registered designed to manage information that is just equipped on a server rack and Entries are only assumed for network switch and routers at a time But before long, a large variety of appliances information started to be registered at Airwan like physical and virtual load balancer and firewall And then it also needed to save other information such as HCL policy for firewall or Virtual server information for load balancer But those information are irrelevant for each other If these attributes are added in each model, it will be more complicated like this They are color-coded here and for convenience, but it must be difficult to tell whether whether ones are actually used and which ones are not at a glance So and those attributes are never been used by original network appliances and Adding attribute without maintaining and coordination complicates model and increase each its management cost In this case instead of adding a various attribute to the model It's better to divide models for each purposes like this Then each of them each of their maintainability and could be increased This situation gave me a lesson that initially defined a model and its purpose must be changed by growing number of information and Because information is naturally increased and unexpectedly Now we have to keep organizing and maintaining it not to not to get it messy and that's all I've introduced about the information management experience and SSOT And speaking of the best way to manage information I don't know the best way and I don't think there is not such a thing Because all individual solutions have trade-off But as far as if infrastructure information management is concerned I dare to say that SSOT is the best way even considering its disadvantages Because it could not only increase flexibility and maintainability for infrastructure operation and information but also decrease operational operation and software developing cost and please tell me if you have any ideas for information management and If you want to make a discussion about about it I'm happy to do that and please feel free to ask me I'd go anywhere wherever you want. Thank you. Thank you very much Do you have any questions and I ask you in a favor please If you never mind, please push the star button of this link During some question will be happened. Oh, thank you. Thank you very much Please never mind. Please tell me the name of the software. I see. Ah, thank you very much. Okay Is it open source software? I see. Thank you. Thank you very much. Okay. Is it okay to finish up?


Hello and welcome to the session. I am Deepika and I'm going to help you to solve the following question. The question says A card is drawn a kingdom from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards Find the probability that it is neither an ace nor a king So let's start the solution Now we know that in a pack of 52 cards. There are four aces so we have probability of an ace is equal to 4 over 52 which is again equal to 1 over 13 Again in a pack of 52 cards. There are four kings. So probability of a king is equal to 4 over 52 which is again equal to 1 over 13 Now according to the given question, we have to find the probability that a card drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards is Neither an ace nor a king So for this first we will find the probability of a King or an ace Which is equal to 1 over 13 plus 1 over 13 Which is again equal to 2 over 13 So 2 over 13 is the probability that the card drawn at random is either a king or an ace Therefore the probability of That the card drawn is neither a king nor an ace is equal to 1 minus 2 over 13 Which is again equal to 13 minus 2 over 13 which is equal to 11 over 13 So 11 over 13 is the answer for the upper question This completes our session. I hope the solution is clear to you. Bye and have a nice day


Some of you have massive stockpiles, warehouses full of stuff you can use in a thousand lifetimes. You've got to start giving this stuff away, declutter your life of all the stuff you don't need, but you're keeping it anyway.


Okay, so now we have an expression for how to calculate the PV work for a gas undergoing some change in its volume. This expression, dW is minus p, external dV. If we want to know more than just the infinitesimally small change in the work, the differential change in the work, we just integrate this process, so here's a more general expression for the finite amount of work for gas changing its volume from some initial volume to some vinyl volume. We just integrate p, external times dV over that change in volume. So let's take a closer look at this and see how that actually works in practice. We can do this for a couple of different types of expansion. In fact, let's consider the same two expansions, the irreversible expansion that we use to illustrate the idea of reversibility and irreversibility. Let's say that we have a gas that is initially, let's say we've got one mole of a gas at 273 Kelvin, initially at two atmospheres, and as I expand the gas, I'm going to let the pressure decrease to one atmosphere. I'm going to make sure and do that, let's see, we'll do that under a couple different circumstances. So I've got N1, P1, T1, if the gas is ideal, we can calculate the initial volume for a gas. I've chosen these values at 273, so if you remember the volume of a gas of mole of gas at STP, we could plug into p equals nRT and what we'd find out is that the volume of one mole of gas at 273 Kelvin and one atmosphere is 22.4 liters. If I double the pressure to two atmospheres, the volume is only 11.2 liters, so I'll skip the calculation of p equals nRT if you trust me that that's the right answer. So we're going to expand from an initial volume of 11.2 liters for this ideal gas to a final volume of 22.4 liters as the pressure drops from two atmospheres inside the box to one atmosphere. So how we do that process, let's say we either do that reversibly, so we can take our pressure of two atmospheres externally that's confining the gas to the box and release it gradually until it drops down to one atmosphere, that would be a reversible process. We all say that this is also an isothermal process, so reversibly and isothermally because we haven't let the temperature change, T1 and T2 are both the same value. That's a reversible and isothermal expansion or we can consider doing it irreversibly again as we did to illustrate the idea of irreversibility, let's say I just release the pressure all at once, let the lid fly up as quickly as it wants to and so that second process is expanding against a constant external pressure of one atmosphere. So two different ways of allowing this gas to expand, let's see what we discover about the work done by the gas in those two cases when we either let the gas expand reversibly and isothermally, nice and slowly, or when we let it again expand irreversibly against a constant external pressure. So let's do those one at a time, we can go back to our definition of PV work. The work done is minus integral of P external DV, so we'll start there, work is minus P external DV. For the reversible and isothermal process that external pressure is always changing, I start out compressing into two atmospheres and I gradually release the pressure dropping it down to one atmosphere. The key thing to notice in this case is that because it's reversible, because the pressure inside the box and the pressure outside the box are always the same, I can replace external pressure with internal pressure because those two numbers are always the same. And since we're dealing with an ideal gas that's doing this expansion, I know something about the pressure of an ideal gas, that's just nRT over P. I'm sorry, pressure is nRT over V. So the reason I've chosen to rewrite P as nRT over V is because I'm doing this integral with respect to volume, I don't know how to integrate P with respect to V because P depends on V, but if I write down exactly how the pressure depends on volume, then the V's are explicit, they show up in the integral. I know how to do an integral of 1 over V DV. So the V dependence in this integral, so the nRT I can pull out of the integral and I've just got an integral of 1 over V DV from V1 to V2. That's an elementary integral, integral of 1 over V is log V, so I've got minus nRT log V evaluated from V1 to V2 or minus nRT log V2 minus log V1. And the difference between two logs, log of V2 minus log of V1, I can write as a log of a ratio, log of V2 over V1. I've done two things. Number one, I haven't yet plugged in any numbers. I haven't used the fact that the temperature is 273 or the volume is doubled or anything. Anytime we have a reversible expansion of a gas, so P external is equal to P, if the gas is ideal and it's isothermal, so I can pull that temperature out of the integral. If I have a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, this is going to be our expression for the work. So that's going to be true anytime we have a reversible isothermal expansion. For this particular case with these numbers, I can compute the actual value of the work minus 1 mole of gas. Which value of R should I use? The values, you might think since we're dealing with liters and atmospheres, I might want to use the gas constant and units of liter atmospheres, but these units are going to cancel. When I'm talking about work, usually I'm interested in thinking about that in units of energy like joules. So it's going to be more convenient if I use the gas constant in units of joules per mole kelvin, multiplied by my temperature, and then by the log of V2 over V1. The volume changed from 11.2 to 22.4, so the ratio I need is 22.4 over 11.2. And when I plug all those numbers into a calculator, I get a number. So you find that if I let 1 mole of an ideal gas expand reversibly and isothermally, doubling its volume at a temperature of 273 kelvin, doing that reversibly and isothermally, the work is negative 1570 joules. So we'll come back and talk about the size of that number and the sign on that number in just a second. But first let's consider this alternate case where I do the same thing from initial state to final state, but via this irreversible path where I keep the external pressure constant. So let's see what we get in that case. So again, we can start by going back to the original equation. The work is always negative p-external dV, integrated from the initial state to the final state. In this case, I'm not going to do all these steps because, number one, it's not reversible. I can't replace p-external with p. It's irreversible, so I need to keep the p-external around. Luckily, we're doing it under conditions where the external pressure is constant. As soon as I remove my hand and let the gas expand against the external pressure of one atmosphere, the whole way up during the expansion, the external pressure remained constant at one atmosphere. So I can pull that constant p-external out of the integral. And now the integral we have is even simpler. Integral of dV is just V. So I've got minus p-external times V, evaluated from V1 to V2. V at V2 minus V at V1, that's just V2 minus V1. So I could write V2 minus V1, or I'll just write delta V, the change in the volume. So again, that's worth putting in a box. If I'm doing my expansion against constant external pressure, turns out the work is always minus the external pressure times the change in volume. Notice that this expression and this expression are different. I need a different equation to calculate the work for a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas compared to the equation that I need to calculate the work for expanding against constant pressure. So the conditions matter. What condition we do the expansion under affects what equation we're going to use. In this particular case with these numbers, turns out I don't even need to know the temperature or the pressures and so on. I do need the external pressure. The external pressure is one atmosphere. The change in the volume when I go from 11.2 to 22.4 liters, I've increased the volume by 11.2 liters. And now I do get a value of work in units of liters times atmospheres. So I need to convert in order to compare our answer to the one we got before. I need to be able to convert liter atmospheres to joules. So I need to know how many liter atmospheres there are in a joule or vice versa. You can look up a conversion factor. It turns out there's 101.325 joules in a liter atmosphere. That's one the way you could do this or slightly simpler. You can just remember that the gas constant of 8.314 joules per mole Kelvin is the same as the gas constant of 0.08206 liter atmospheres per mole Kelvin. So that ratio of 8.3 over 0.082, that's the same number, 101. So the 101 joules per liter atmosphere is the ratio of these two values of the gas constant. So either way, when I multiply 1 atmosphere by 11 liters by about 100 joules per liter atmosphere, what I end up with is about 1100, exactly 1130 joules with this negative sign. So notice a few things about the answers we've got for these two cases. When I, first of all, both these numbers are negative. The work when I expand reversibly and isothermally, the work when I expand against constant pressure, those are both negative numbers. Remember what the sign convention means when the gas itself is doing the work, pushing back on the lid, the gas is performing the work, then the work is always going to end up negative. So the negative sign is telling us that the gas is performing the work. Notice also that we've got different values for the work done for reversible isothermal expansion compared to the work for a constant pressure expansion. So we get different values of the work depending on what conditions the expansion is done under. So that's going to be a common theme. The work is different depending on the path we take to get from these initial conditions to those final conditions. And in fact, that's what we'll talk about next is, actually what we're going to talk about next is paying a little closer attention to specifically this case of a reversible isothermal expansion. And after that, we'll come back and see what we can understand about the fact that we get different values of the work for different paths.


We are on our way to Athens. I got a chicken miscellaneous. Same. We got a chicken miscellaneous. Yeah, it's gonna be good. We're about to take some photos. Got my Instagram husband. Instagram live, it's literally so new. Just drop right off the tripod. We're on the cement. Good morning guys, it's vlogmas day 12 and before we go to Athens we have to pick up my daughter, Sophie, the dog. Ryan has his cold brew ready for him. And... I got like four hours to see what's in it. What did you get to say? Something that was like, punched me in the ribs while I was sleeping. I did not. Whispering. I'm a graceful... Really evil things to me. I want you to sleep. No, I didn't. So I got to put six 10 this morning because I'm going to have brunch with Brooke right when I get to Athens, like right at 11. We're leaving at eight. We're gonna get there around like 10 30 or something like that. Well, hopefully it's shorter than two hours but I just kind of gave me some wiggle room. We're taking Ryan's friend back to UGA as well. So we're going to meet him at Chipotle. Then we're going to drive over to Holly Barron, pick up Sophie and head to Athens. Sophie. It was like slowly as a mansionary playing role roles. It's a codename. So I'm here at Mama's boy and it literally took five minutes for them to realize I was like there to put my name on the list. Like they smiled at me and everything and they were like, hey, you know, and I was like, can I put my name on the list? And they're like, oh yeah, sorry. It's like, what the heck? What do you think I'm here for? But oh, there she is. Thanks for dropping me off, Ryan. Love you. Bye. We're at Mama's boy right now. Have a pretty view. You try pot on yours. That's so cool. Yes, no, because like it's like so stable when it's like on it. No, it's so true. Yeah, so. I got to put the gorilla pod for my main role. Yeah, this is the gorilla pod. Oh, it is. I had it from like my, you know, DSLR, but it's hard to hold up a DSLR. So even with that it's like a little unstable. Yeah. So what'd you get? I got ice coffee and some milk and she pulled it up to the top with iced coffee. So now I like to put it in the same milk. But it's okay. And then I got a chicken miso. Same. I'm excited for getting chicken miso. Yeah, it's gonna be good. This stuff is like really good. This raspberry stuff tastes like magic. I don't know. Oh. Let me know. I don't know what this is. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. It's okay. I think it might be up for three or two years. Girl, I don't know.  I'll be a little eventually, but yum. Look how good this looks. So healthy it is. Literally. This. Yes. Hashtag vegan. Hashtag. We're about to take some photos. Got my Instagram husband. It's so nice. I used the self timer feature. It's really fun. Breakfast was so good. That chicken biscuit, man. So, so yummy.  I got him one too. He just took pictures of me and Brooke, so. Little present. He earned it. Chris, yeah, let's do it. So we're gonna probably go to a coffee shop type thing. Yeah, we're not even filming anything. Oh, I don't know. Brooke said like sip is really good. I don't know. Where did you wanna go? Okay. So we're gonna go to like a coffee shop so he can study and I can do editing. I need to edit like vlog on vlog on vlog on vlog. I'm so behind. I'm just like so disappointed in myself, but also I'm like, I was traveling. I didn't even think I was gonna drive home on Saturday. I just like ended up being like, okay, there's no really point for me to stay like an extra day here. So I packed in my stuff and just left on Saturday. So I have a Disney vlog to edit and then I filmed a haul video. Try and haul, by the way. So yeah, we're gonna go do some studying slash work, get stuff done. Okay guys, this is Instagram live. It's literally so new. Like it's pretty much like five minutes new. Shout out to Margaret. But yeah, basically I'm just trying it out. It's like on your Instagram story. So I don't know what happened to Vlogmas. I'll tell you what happened to Vlogmas. So I'm currently charging my camera on my computer, which I don't even know if it's still charging while I'm recording. But if you guys tuned in to the live stream of Instagram, let me know by commenting on this video because that was so much fun. It was really cool. Definitely gonna do it more often. So I was charging my camera and it was charging so slow. I don't know if it's like the charger or if it's just regularly slid.  What do you call them, Ryan? An outfitter? Okay, well like a clothing store, like preppy brands like Southern card and stuff like that. We had one in home called Henry and Pearl.  So I wanna go into this one, just to look at everything. But I finally edited my vlogmas day eight, nine and 10. It's like one combined vlog and it's 14 minutes long. I thought it was gonna be so long, but I'm glad it's kinda short because I know with everyone's vlogmas is like coming out right now, it just kinda gets overwhelming. So it's good that it's not too long. I'm excited to get back on track with like actual separate day vlogmas because like I think I like them better than combined day vlogs because I feel like combined days are just like very scattered brain. We're here at Empire South. A little sneak peek because I don't think I'm gonna vlog inside. I'm so sure it's an A. Oh, true grits. That's my favorite jacket. Ryan has this ratchet-ass watermelon in his front yard. Apparently he has a watermelon patch right near his home. What? That's disgusting. Someone needs to take care of that. Yeah, that's who he does. Sophie. Sophie! Vlogging on my iPhone because something happened. Ryan will explain later, but we're at the gas station right now and this guy is about to film him. He just asked him to be on camera, I guess. I guess it's for the news or something like that. Is it going to go down or not? Yeah, yeah. Here we go. All right, so yeah, the big announcement is the sheriff said on Friday that from now on, because there's too many accidents, apparently it went up by 25% this year, that no more warnings would be issued. That these guys are just gonna be out there getting on people's cases about the littlest stuff and everybody's getting a ticket. What's your reaction? What do you think? I think it could be a good thing or a bad thing. If it saves lives, obviously it's a positive. Your personal observations, is this becoming a place where there's a lot of crazy driving, a lot of accidents that you could see? I've seen a few, actually a lot, I go to my student, UNGO County, right here and there's been multiple accidents where it's possible to be late to school and a lot of reckless driving, also on that main, I think the Experiment Station Road, and there's been a lot of reckless driving on there and a few wrecks. Can I buck a list, Kostoff? To be on the news? Yeah, if I won't be on there, because I'm mumbled. No. Why? I think you did well. Really? Yeah. So what'd you like to explain? Um, so I wanted to get to pay for my gas with cash. Not that, why we haven't been vlogging. Well, sorry, I want to hide right now. Well. Cool. Um, so we were outside running with Sophie. This is the new, this is the new land, by the way. To all of the quality. We got outside running with Sophie and she handed me the camera on the tripod so she could get a run with her. And I turned it upside down and it just dropped right off the tripods around the cement. I actually kicked it first in my foot to try to break the landing.  And it looked completely fine. I'm like, it looked nothing wrong with it. So we turned the thing on and says, like, can't read lens, like, put on properly. And we're like, it is on properly and this lens works. So we took the Best Buy. The Best Buy guy was like, oh, call a Sony, you know, I don't know what to do.  Like, I don't know, I thought I'd do that, you know. And um, so I called Sony, they're closed. Best Buy doesn't have one within 250 miles of us. We can't get one. And now we're going to the school library to print off the thing to send the lens back. Bring you use the nice lens of vlog for this break, I guess. I just bought this same exact lens, like a monkey bow. Oh my God, is someone's car on fire?  That's scary. Wait, what? That's like really on fire too.  Wait, park far away from it. That's scary. I should know. She probably runs the library and be like, someone's car is catching on fire. Shout out, Margaret Martin. My friend's car caught on fire, senior year.  It's pretty funny if you know Margaret. Yeah, it would happen to Margaret. And other news, speaking of news, I mean I'm getting the news during the local Athens area, I'm getting CVS 46 because I got interviewed about the sheriff's new rule, not getting people warnings, only getting them tickets. And I had to speak about it on the camera while I was pumping my gas. Suno was visibly upset in the passenger seat about this new rule, but we got here booling on fire, putting stuff, it's been a good day. A good day?  Yeah, I'll say that. Ryan tweeted for my phone. Ryan is asking me where I want to eat. Should I tell him or say I don't care. So I have 44 votes right now, sorry it's a bit close up. I have 45 votes right now. 56% says I don't care. 44% says tell him.  So I'm just gonna say I don't care. Do you ever know a girl, just when you're like this, you know, if you're just having a rough day and you buy her sushi, that's why we're going to get sushi. Are we? Yeah, we're just going to stay at her sushi, I guess. I guess you can go to her stands. I just told you. You went to her stands? I went against my Twitter poll. I went to her stands. I went against my people on Twitter. I know he's mad at me. He'll say, I want to go to her stands. I want to go to her stands. Got sushi. Here at bar Ryan, we only serve up the finest eggnog. This is Southern Comfort Eggnog, vanilla spice. This is very rare delicacy in many parts of the world. It's not always never had it, but it changed. This isn't traditional. This is vanilla spice, it's just an ice cream. Damn. What do you eat this with? You drink it, you use alcohol on it. Like you would just eat this with your dinner or drink this with your dinner? No, a big, eating like a milkshake. It tastes like I'm drinking heavy whip, like cream cream. Like drinking melted ice cream. Not too, like I feel like if you just like whip this up, it could be like whipped cream. Like why is this only a Christmas thing? Because it's a traditional, how's it for me to taste it? So I'm teaching Ryan how to edit my vlogs because he's gonna edit his part that he filmed of what would you film? Me wrapping her Christmas gifts. You braid that armpit over here over there. Have I ever tried? Have you ever tried braiding that armpit here? Have I tried? Have you ever worn a cornbread sometimes? He's learning blading and selecting and everything. Blazer, laser. And it took him a while, but he's getting there. Sophie's annoying us.


Well, everyone, welcome to a Premiere Pro tutorial. This one's gonna show you how to zoom footage in about 30 seconds. Here we go. Got some footage on your timeline. Now go to your Effect Controls panel. For me, it is up here. Make sure your playhead is at the beginning. Go ahead and hit the scale button. Hit the stopwatch beside the scale button. And then move forward, say, five, six seconds, and then just move this up like this. And this, I'll show you what it looks like, overdone here, boom. We're zooming in. That's all there is to it, guys. Thanks for watching. Love coming up. Stay tuned.


Okay. So, let's do this problem. So, can anybody tell me what the first intermediate is here? What is that thing called? That's not good. Well, you're talking phenol, is that what you're talking about? Yeah, but this is not a phenol, right? Phenol has the OH here, not there, okay? But what are you talking about now? The hydrogen's going to be gone because the hydrogens are coming. You've got a deprotonane, right? So that kind of, there's this, right? It's telling you that hydrogen is going away, so there's hydrogen gas being formed. So how can hydrogen be gas-reformed? Remember, sodium hydride breaks up into, remember the sodium is always the spectator ion, right? The H minus, do you guys remember what that's called? Do you guys remember what the name of H minus is? Hydride. That's why it's called sodium hydride. The mechanism, deprotonane, the alcohol. Again, this is not a phenol, it's just an alcohol, primary alcohol. So that's the intermediate. Hopefully that makes sense. Okay, what's going to happen here? That's going to attack the oxides. Okay, what is it going to attack the oxygen here? No, bottom carbon. One of these two bottom carbons, right? Why? Because of the ring strain. Because of the ring strain, right? It doesn't matter which carbon it's going to attack. Why would it not care? They're the same, right? They're essentially the same. Like if you looked at this in the NMR, you'd only see one carbon, right? So remember this is a good, what type of thing? Good nucleophile, right? So this thing is a good electrophile due to that ring strain, okay? So these three member cyclic ethers are called what? Aboxa, right? So can I erase this first part so I can put the mechanism of that argument? So again, this wouldn't be a mechanism type problem, but for me it's easier to think about things mechanistically. So again, the spectator ion floats away. What we'll do is put that in. So we've got this oxide, like we said. So because of ring strain, there's this delta plus there, right? That makes it a electrophile. The nucleophile will attack it like that. Opening up that ring due to the ring strain. And I didn't give myself enough room for that box. But anyways, we've got to do the second step before we put anything in. So when we do that, what do we get? What do we get? How many carbons are we adding to this side of it? Two. Two plus oxygen. So one, two, oxygen. And oxygen doesn't have a charge on it? Negative charge. So the sodium is still associated there. Okay, does that make sense? Okay, so that's what we got. But we haven't put our acid in there yet. Right? What's going to happen when we do that? It's a protonate den. Of course, yes. Remember, what are the fastest reactions in chemistry? Acid-base reactions. Okay, so whenever there's a base, is there a base in this? In this solution now? Right? What is it? It's this thing. Here's the base, right? De-protonate the acid. Like that. So in that box that was there, I would put this thing that I'm about to draw.  Okay, so I'll let you guys draw a little book. Or actually, can I erase this part of the mechanism here? Of course. The next step, Billy? This would have been what was in that box. It's going to cover that hydrogen. So the next step is going to be what? You guys remember the structure of this thing? OTS. Of hydrogen? Of hydrogen. 5 carbons. So what is this thing good for? What is it called? What did you say, Kendra? Yeah, it's a non-nucleophilicase, right? Okay, so what is the base do? De-protonate. De-protonate things. Is there an acid-ic hydrogen that it can deprotonate? Yes. Where is it? No. Come on, guys. Where is the acid-ic hydrogen? On the alcohol, of course. Of course. You know what I mean? I'm going to try to doubt myself. Kendra, you're wrong, you're wrong. No, Kendra. De-protonation. What? The blood was rough. So we've got to be alkoxide again, and then we'll have them. That would be complex with the sulfonol, right? What was it, amesolate? Yeah, amesolate. It has a lot of carbon. But what do we do with it? It's committed to the ionic acid. It has de-protonation. Because it's... Because is this... Is this nucleophilic? No. Yes, this is nucleophilic. That's what it is. If it comes to class more often. Like that? So what are we doing here? Why are we doing this stuff? Is this alcohol here? Why are we... What are we trying to do here? Create a group. Yeah, a good leaving group. Is an alcohol a good leaving group? No. So we've got to make it... We've got to invert its reactivity, right? We make it from a bad leaving group to a good leaving group. In order to do that, we make amesolate. Well, we've got to take it out of solution, you know? And you can't have salt and bring it out of solution. That's what I'm talking about. So... Now we've got... And then what happens? It goes down, picks up that chlorine. Chlorine is a good leaving group. That's awesome. And then what do we get? OTS. Yeah, whatever was supposed to be in the box. So... So let's just remember... Like a draw. Or a rim to draw. Can I erase this top part of the paradigm deprotonation? Remember, this is all going to be on YouTube too, so... Go and check it out if you didn't get it all right now. Okay, so we inverted the reactivity. This is now a good leaving group, right? So it was a bad leaving group when it was an alcohol over here. So, since it's a good leaving group, this is going to be a what type of thing. So this is going to be a nucleophile, electrophile reaction. Which is this going to be? The nucleophile or electrophile? The other one's going to be the electrophile. So then that must be the electrophile. If you see anything like that, it's a good electrophile. Okay? So it's these, you know, tosylates, mesylates, these types of things. Okay? So what's going to happen? It's just things that are very good. SN2 reaction. So when we do that, we're going to do the final product. It's the final product. Of course, you're going to have the conjugate base of the mesylate ion. Okay, is everybody cool with that one? Any questions on it? So that would be a good synthesis problem. So something like that will be on the exam. I could only imagine. What's that? In the step on the top right, why does it hit the sulfur? Why does it hit the sulfur? That's why it has to be. Yeah, so somebody else tells me. Well, the sulfur... The oxygen is coming from the sulfur. Yeah, exactly, those oxygens are very electronegative. And in fact, if you remember what sulfones look like, right? Remember the resonant structure that they prefer to have, right? In the sulfone, the sulfur is what charge? You guys remember? The resonant structure that they prefer, they're positively charged. The sulfur is much bigger than oxygen. So they can't really have that double bond very well. We draw it like this because it's easier for us to look at. Okay, everybody cool with that?


Keep on DTNs, could littering the Arctic with glass cool things down? Why a macaque is less resistant to new things than you are and pig tech. This is the Daily Tech News for Friday, October 18th, 2019 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Feline, I'm Sarah Lane. Drawing the top tech news of the day from Cleveland, Ohio. I'm Len Peralta. Roger Chang. That is Roger Chang. You can barely hear him, but he's definitely here. And also with us today is Blair Basterich, co-host of This Week in Science. Welcome back, Blair. Hello. Lovely to be back. Thank you for coming back. I'm glad we didn't scare you away last time. No, not at all. We've got some great stuff to talk about. We were just talking about the person that told Len he needed to clean his internet lines on our Good Day internet show. So if you'd like that conversation and more, become a member at patreon.com slash DTNS. Let's start with a few tech things you should know. Motorola sent out an invite, event invite for November 13th in downtown Los Angeles, which will feature the, quote, highly anticipated unveiling of a reinvented icon. The invite appears to show the profile of a Motorola Razer version three, and Previa sources told CNET that the company also plans to release a vertically folding smartphone with the Razer name by the end of 2019. French blog, McGeneration, noticed icons in the first two betas of macOS Catalina version 1015.1 that might be a depiction of a 16-inch MacBook Pro. The icons have slightly thinner bezels than those of the 15-inch Pro icons, and have the number 16 in both file names. That's kind of the big giveaway there. A lot of speculation about whether or not there's a touch bar. All sorts of good stuff happens with images like this. Nintendo announced that it has sold 15 million switched units in North America since it launched in 2017. The Wii U sold 13.56 million units in North America total. NPD Group says that the switch has been the most popular console in the US for the last 10 months. Wow, that's big. And Ubico launched Ubico login for Windows, which lets you use its Ubiqui hardware security keys as a login factor on your local Windows OS account. The app works on Windows 7, Windows 8.1, and Windows 10. If you've used macOS or Linux, you've been able to use that for a while, but now the Windows folks can use it too. All right, let's talk a little bit about a breakup, Sarah. Yeah, it's a breakup. Image sharing site imager wrote in a blog post that it will no longer display content from Reddit's NSFW communities on its site, saying, rather dramatically, quote, over the years, these pages have put imager's user growth mission and business at risk, NSFW images previously uploaded to Reddit and hosted on imager will keep their original URLs. NSFW images can also still be uploaded to imager if they're marked hidden. Not sure how much that's going to help anybody, but you can do that. imager said that it wants to be a fun and entertaining place that brings happiness to the internet for many, many years to come. Reddit introduced its own native imaging hosting three years ago, so not sure how much it impacts Reddit, but it might impact some users.  So, you know, these two grew up together, but one of them has moved on from these kinds of things, and Reddit's, you know, I guess imager's saying it's just outgrown Reddit. Yeah, I mean, imager somewhat vaguely said, listen, this is not good for our business.  And maybe that has happened within imager's own team. Who knows? But yeah, I don't really see life changing for Reddit users all that much. End of an era, really. Especially because imager's doing right and saying, look, what's already there, we're not going to make disappear because that's just going to make a bunch of people angry.  And they're not cutting off all of Reddit, just the NSFW place. I think this is them realizing that they're going to get sucked into something that they don't feel they want to defend in the future. And it's a way to just cut it off clean right now. Arctic Sea Ice has receded to historically low levels in a California non-profit organization called Ice911, which is a little too close to Kurt Vonnegut's Ice9 for my taste, but okay, proposes spreading a thin layer of 35 micrometer silicate beads across the ice to boost reflectivity and therefore slow down ice melting. Ice911 research's CEO, Leslie Field, says that thicker Arctic ice layer could lead to cooler temperatures worldwide. The company has actually run tests on ice-covered lakes in the Sierra Nevada, Minnesota and Alaska. And the results published in the journal Earth's Future showed increase in reflectivity and ice thickness. So this is peer reviewed research. It really does seem to have an effect. It would cost about $300 million estimated to cover the 9600 square miles of the Arctic. And before that happens, Field wants to get funding for a test in a part of the Arctic Ocean where ice is lost during the summer. So this isn't the kind of geoengineering company that's all big talk. They've got peer reviewed research, they want to do small tests to kind of study how it works. They've done testing with mammals to make sure that it's safe for land mammals anyway. They haven't done marine mammal testing, but they want to do that before they ever put this out there. Blair, you were just in the Arctic. How does this story strike you? So I was in the sub Arctic. I was in Churchill in Manitoba. Yeah, very close, but we were talking all about climate change. That's why I was there. I think the important piece of this is that just putting ice back is not going to solve a lot of climate change issues, but this is really addressing the fact that sea ice, more than just affecting polar bears and the animals that depend on it physically, is impacting the global climate system. So it's affecting the albedo effect at the poles and how much heat and light is reflected back off of our planet, reducing the amount of warming happening. But it's also changing the temperature of the ocean. It's this feedback effect where there's less ice, which means the ocean's hotter, which then affects climates and climate systems all over the planet. So knowing all of that, I think we know we have to reduce our carbon output. That's the bottom line, of course, but we really need to have a two-pronged approach, right? And that is reducing future carbon, but attacking the problems that we're currently seeing. And so I appreciate that this is looking at that second piece, because it doesn't get a lot of attention. I do think there's an opportunity to get stuck in that and say, okay, science will save us. Actually, the program I'm in, the National Network for Ocean and Climate Change Interpretation, looks at specific messaging for climate change and how you can get stuck in what they call the swamp of climate change communication, where people kind of push it off as not their problem anymore. And this is one of them, is if you look at technology or science as a way, as a get out of jail free card for climate change, it can cause a lot of problems. But if you look at it this way, the way that this company is saying this is a bridge in between our long-term solution of less carbon, that's great. I will say, I saw in the article that their test on land mammals said that the silicate was too large to get in their respiratory pathways, which raises some red flags for me because if it's too large, that also means it could clog membranes. And I worry about bioaccumulation for marine animals in their stomachs or on their gills. If it's getting stuck on gills, then that could also build up over time. So I would want to see some long-term studies. But I think it's very interesting. It's a new kind of way to tackle this topic. Yeah, that's a really good point. 35 micrometers, not very big, right? So this would easily get eaten. And certainly for marine mammals get swallowed. So those are all good points. But like you said, I do like the fact that ICE 911 research is not just going for the like, we'll solve this. They're saying, we think we have an idea that might buy us some time and it's worth researching, and that's what we're doing. And that seems to be a reasonable approach. As crazy as it sounds to be like, we're just going to scatter glass all over the Arctic. Yeah. It's, they're smooth. They're not shards. But yeah, it needs to be done responsibly. This is the kind of thing you need to look at though. And there may be showstoppers along the way and you say, well, this isn't going to work out. But you need to be looking at all these kinds of things because this is how you build a strategy that makes sure we avoid something serious. Yeah. And I think the other thing that we talked about before was that the Arctic is kind of this weird no man's land where there's areas that are contested, there are areas that no one actually has a kind of final say on environmental impacts on. And so I appreciate that they're actually testing it in a space that has a government that's in control first so that they can kind of pull back if they need to and assess it as it goes. And they don't just throw their hands up and go, well, not my problem anymore. I mean, the biggest problem here may not even be the science of it or the environmental impact of it. It may be just getting someone to agree to let it be done. Because like you say, the Arctic doesn't have just one country in charge of it. Some places has no countries in charge. Right. Yeah. T-Mobile announced a partnership with the streaming startup Quibi providing its upcoming streaming service as part of an offering with the carrier. Whether the service will be discounted or even free for T-Mobile users or pre-installed on devices or something else has yet to be determined, we don't really have a whole lot of information now besides the fact that the two companies are working together. Quibi's streaming service will offer mobile focused premium content that's 10 minutes or less aimed at millennials and will charge $5 a month for the service with ads or $8 per month without ads when it launches. Quibi's just so weird. If you haven't been following this, the idea is Jeffrey Katzenberg and Meg Whitman are creating the company to provide snackable content like around 10 minutes each episode so that you can easily watch it while you're waiting in line on your mobile device. And it's from big names. Steven Spielberg is doing a horror series for Quibi. My wife's company Rotten Tomatoes, she works for them. They're doing a series. NBC News, everybody is doing a series for Quibi. Got some TMZ in there too. All sorts of stuff. One of my big questions was how are you going to get people to try this? It's going to be hard enough to convince them that they want to pay for something that has ads in it, but how do you get them to even try it in the first place?  Yeah, to be clear, it's not an exclusive. You'll be able to watch Quibi content all over the place, but presumably T-Mobile users and customers will get some sort of discount or some, you know, maybe free bundle thrown into a particular plan. T-Mobile still has the T-Mobile Tuesday where they give away free stuff. So maybe they'll be given away free subscriptions to Quibi if you sign up on a Tuesday. That's how I got my MLB network, my MLB.tv subscription this year. So they do big things like that. I could see them doing it. I mean, unless I'm desperate on a plane or something, I'm not really watching long form content on mobile devices. So I get why this makes more sense. Yeah, you're waiting in line or you've got a few minutes at the bus stop or whatever it is. That does make sense. I still don't watch a lot of short form video content on my phone, but maybe that's because the right show doesn't exist for me yet. But then you look at something like Verizon's Go 90, which was around for a few years and kind of died in the water last year, I believe. And I wonder, okay, well, we don't really have any company that has proven this concept very well. Doesn't mean it wouldn't be Quibi, but it's still unclear to me who wants this. I mean, they have all the names, all the advertisers. This is the definitive moment for a quick bite of video. If they can't make it work, nobody can. I will say that. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Jason Rossi announced that the Strategic Automated Command and Control System, or SAX, has moved to a, quote, highly secure, solid state digital solution as of June. If you don't know why that's a big deal previously, the system ran off of eight-inch floppies. It still runs on an IBM series one from the 1970s, but now they've got some solid state storage involved in that. SAX is one of many duplicative systems used by US Strategic Command to send emergency action messages from nuclear command centers to forces in the field. That's why they want to make sure that this system doesn't change fast. They need it to work reliably and solidly and throwing new technology at anything, as all of you in the audience know, is a great way to make things mess up. And you don't want to mess this up. Yeah, this isn't really a story about saying, oh, look at the government, they're just behind the times, aren't they? It's like, well, no, it's actually pretty big security issues at play here. Yeah, you can't hack a floppy disk, so that's a pretty... Yeah, well, as I point out in the story, you can't hack something that doesn't have an IP address very easily, and even with the solid state drives replacing the floppy disks, that's still the case. So, you know, talk about your secure messaging. I do wonder if it's encrypted, though. I didn't see any mention of that. Of course, they might not want to mention that because then people will be like, well, what kind of encryption? Yeah, let's get in there. That may be on purpose, actually.  Yes. Okay, good. Glad you're excited. A paper published in Memelian Biology found evidence of pigs using tools. A group of scientists from several French institutions observed 11 instances of a Saiyan warty pig using sticks and bark to help build their nests at a zoo in Paris. Video shows the pigs holding sticks in their mouths, using the sticks to them dig smart pigs. The scientists gave the pigs spatulas and the pigs used them twice. Add pigs to the list of animals who use tools alongside cross-catching prey with sticks, otters cracking open shellfish with stones, and elephants covering watering holes with rocks. Yeah, I think this is a great opportunity to kind of crack open the question of what is a tool and what is tool use? This is a conversation we have on this week in science all the time. I had a story about these little bats that like to go into a particular shape of blade of grass that works as a megaphone for their calls, and I would call that tool use 100%, but not everyone would. And so I think this is a very clear case of tool use. They're using the stick, they reposition it in their mouth, and they use it just like a spade to dig this hole. But are there lots of animals out there doing a form of tool use that we just haven't even recognized? I'm going to argue, yes. This stuff is out there. There are inanimate objects that animals can use to make their lives easier. Evolutionary pressure would tell me, yes, they would find a way to do that. And if you're not watching the video or if you haven't seen this video, go look at it, because you might be thinking like, oh, so they just kind of just stick. No, they pick it up and they shovel with it. They literally are using it to shovel. Like, this is a kind of tool use in my mind, definitely, from the look at it. I think the question of do animals use tool or not isn't sophisticated enough anymore. It's what are the classes of tool use, right? What are sort of like maybe blind accidental tool use versus intentional tool use or some other delineation of them to be like, well, there's tool use the way we use it at a very sophisticated level. And then there are other levels as well. And the pigs are using it at a pretty good level. I mean, they're digging with it. If there was ever an argument to get some pigs as farm hands, I think this is it.  And I mean, some animals store their tools. Some animals modify their tools. So I think that, you know, to Tom's point, this is where the question stretches further. And with these guys, that was just in zoos. So we really need to go out there and look for pigs using tools in the wild now. You hear that audience?  Find us some tool use and pigs. And this video is feedback.  I was tempted to say they're using technology, but that, again, that's where the debate comes in. Like what is technology, which is a more sophisticated tool use versus what the pigs are doing here. And I, when the pigs start trying to sell their tools to ace hardware, that's when you know. Yeah. Well, I think their, their, uh, resistance to use the spatulas is a perfect example of that. The, the stud, the people studying it, the researchers were like, Oh, here's a better tool. And they didn't, most of them didn't really recognize that as an option. So I think that's where technology comes in is will you take the better option for a tool if you find it? Yeah. They're just not early adopters. Yeah. Thank you. In fact, that leads us to our main topic today. Uh, first though, if you want to get all the headlines each day in about five minutes, subscribe to daily tech headlines.com.  Uh, but did that ring a bell to you? The idea of like, you know what? I've got a tool that works fine. Why do I need a new one? Uh, if you've recently scoffed at a new piece of software or a new device had proudly stuck to your old laptop or phone, uh, have you looked at new software innovations with disdain and stuck to how you've always done things? Well, you, my friend, are probably not a cappuccino or macaque, uh, because monkeys are better at adopting new ways of doing things. Blair, is that right to say? Yeah, I think so. Yeah, absolutely. Um, so this is a study that, uh, looked at how monkeys can adapt to a new method of doing things, uh, that or a shortcut would be a way to say it. They, they took, um, monkeys in a trial and error using a computer, a touchscreen. Monkeys and humans had to follow a pattern.  Yay, treat. For humans, they did the same thing and the reward was a jingle or points. So just like, yeah, you're smart. You did it right. Well, there's your problem right there. You should have been giving the humans the banana pellet too. We were probably jealous. I mean, for me, that would have been a deterrent, but, uh, but yeah, so it was, uh, the humans were signaled with that and then the monkeys got their pellets wrong results, got a timeout and no reward. So they knew right away if they got it wrong. Um, and after that strategy was learned, they did subsequent trials where the triangle showed up at the end or right away actually. So the triangle is the first thing they saw and the monkeys use that shortcut right away, but 61% of the humans did not. They went the old way. They did the stripes and then the dots and then the triangle and we're following the rules that they, yes, yes, exactly. Um, so 70% of the monkeys use the shortcut the very first time and only one human in the whole study used it the first time. Even after the humans watched videos of other people using the shortcut, most or 30% still of the humans did not use the shortcut. So this is a clear case of humans wanting to stick. I like the way I do things to the method. I already know that I get the treat at the end. So I'm just going to do that again rather than, you know, rethink this, which is, you know, it's, it's, it's quite an analogy for how a lot of people use technology.  You could look at it is you don't want to risk. It's not a risk that you want to take to lose out on something, which is how I feel sometimes when I'm adopting new adopting new technology is, do I want to give up my old phone that I know how it works for a new phone that I might not know how it works or it might not do the thing that I like best, right? But it could also say just the way that we learn is different. But what I actually think it, it shows us, at least in this case, because it was with a Western humans. And that's how I learned in school is you're supposed to do something a very specific way. And if you don't do it that way, you did it wrong. And that's how we teach kids from a very early age is do it this specific way. Now, what's interesting about that is the studies co-author Sarah Pope tested this with members of a semi-nomadic tribe in Namibia to try to eliminate the effect of Western education and still more than half resisted the new shortcut. So what that makes me wonder is not whether you're wrong about the conditioning, but whether the conditioning is actually part of how humans work. It's not that we're conditioned to follow the rules, it's we're conditioned to raise our young to follow the rules, if that makes any sense. Absolutely. Yeah. So it's yeah, how much of it is rule following, how much of it is a resistance to new things? How much of it is related to risk? I think there's a lot of layers here, but I do think it's very cool that the monkeys picked up right away. Oh, this is going to get me the pellet sooner. I'm on it. Yeah. It's funny when you talk about something like Blair, like a new phone that you may or may not like as much as your old phone, it's like, okay, well, you kind of make that personal choice for yourself and the world still spends. But this study does open up questions about much larger issues and the way that humans try to tackle issues and the fact that we haven't always done a good job of that. For example, there was an example used about the latest housing crisis and the fact that even though there were signs that lenders should work differently with people who thought that they had enough money to buy houses, that wasn't the case because everyone was just kind of following protocol. So it's really fascinating that not just that a monkey might have less cognitive bias, but how humans kind of do this to themselves, ourselves. It could actually be related to a similar cognitive bias that humans have, which is the sunk cost fallacy, which I think about all the time. I stood in this line at the grocery store, it's moving slower, but I've been here so long, it's got to be my turn next. I've put in so much time into this that I shouldn't give up on it. And there are other species that do a better job of giving up on a foraging behavior that's not working to go try somewhere else. But humans get really stuck in this, okay, I've been doing this, I'm going to stick with this because I've put so much effort into it. And it does feel adjacent to kind of this line of thinking. Yeah, I'm tempted to make a joke about how the Rhesus macaque would obviously just upgrade to Catalina right away, but their 64-bit apps or their 32-bit apps won't work. Look at them. But there may be advantages to upgrading to Catalina that the Rhesus macaque is getting that I'm not because I'm worried about those few apps, right? That's kind of how this works out. Yeah, absolutely. I do wonder if, I mean, I don't mean this to sound too speciesist, but if our success as a species is kind of owed to that conservatism of being a little more careful about adopting a new thing too fast. Yeah, I think a lot of evolutionary stories can be told by specifically this idea of risk taking, and there's just the right amount. And if you take too much risk, you get eaten by a predator. And if you take just the right amount of risk, you can get a big payoff on a new home or a huge food cache. And so there is a kind of a Goldilocks zone for that for all species. And that's why we're still here. So this might have something to do with that, that we have so much complex stuff going on with our social structures and having this worldwide culture and all the sorts of stuff going on as a species, things are extra complicated for us. And so because of that, perhaps following the rules and doing things step by step are advantageous for us. Safety mechanism, really. Capuchin monkeys didn't have a housing crisis, but they also don't have houses. Yeah, well, not yet anyway. Unless we build them for you. Yeah, you know, the pigs would be great at that. Given the tools, they don't try to go right away, start using the patchless. Hey, thanks everybody who participates in our subreddit. You can submit stories and vote on them at dailytechnewshow.reddit.com. Science stories always welcome. We also have a fun Facebook group, join in if you haven't already, facebook.com slash groups slash daily tech news show. Let's see if any monkeys wrote us in the mailbag. Yeah, well, we actually got quite a few responses and positive responses from your latest editor's desk, Tom, which was, well, it was an audio editor's desk. It wasn't video, about 10 minutes long. Really great listen for our patrons and wanted to read a couple of the responses that Charlie Dude wrote in. I really liked your differential privacy talk, which was something that we ran on Monday show because we didn't actually have a regular show because it was a US holiday. Charlie says it was very different than your usual shows, but that's good. I was hoping to play it for my little intro to security kids, aka my students. David also wrote in and said, I love editor's desks. They're awesome. If you can plan an editor's desk for a holiday, that's cool, but I'm fine with just daily tech headlines as I want you to have some time off to recharge. I don't want you getting too burned out. Thanks for the amazing shows to all of you. Thanks, boss. I'm glad to hear that's your vacation policy, seriously. On Monday, like Charlie Dude said, we did a show that just explains differential privacy. If you missed that and you're like, wait a minute, what is this differential privacy? Well, go listen to that. Then on the editor's desk, which goes to the people at the $5 level or above on Patreon, I sort of talked about why I did it, how I did it, what our policy is on taking holidays and why we take them and all of that. You can find that in the Patreon feed as well. In fact, shout out to our patrons at the Grandmaster level, Dustin R. Campbell, Andrew Bradley, Chris Allen, and Paul. You can join them at patreon.com.dts and some levels even get some free art from Len Peralta. One of these days, what he's drawing today might be on there. What are you drawing today, Len? Well, I think it's great that monkeys demonstrate a better cognitive flexibility than humans.  This is like a t-shirt that all those wonderful humans can wear that is kind of anti-monkey. We may not be smarter, or you have better cognitive flexibility than us, but you only got banana pellets, and we got a fun sound. We got someone saying, good job, and we decided never to change our ways again. No, it's better than a banana pellet, proud on the back. Chris Hardwick yelling, points. Oh, yeah, that's awesome. So I wanted to say that this is available right now for my patrons at Patreon.com forward slash Len or my online store at LenPeralta store.com. And speaking of which, I know that you guys talked about this earlier in the week, I just want to remind people that I do have, whoops, there we go. Let's pull back on here and show you this. I do have the DTNS poster, the Rise of Skywalker poster, which is available right now. There are naming rights on this thing, which you can get your name on the credits of this. You have until November 15 to do that.  I just- Yeah, Len's been doing this every year, where he makes a poster with all of us on it. This year, it's like he said, the Rise of Skywalker. So you have Roger in the role of the emperor, looming above Sarah, holding her live with it light bulbs, and myself a microphone, battling on top of an iPhone. It's amazing. It's pretty great. I'm really proud of it. And yes, it will become a print after the 15th. But you got to get your name on this. That's the most important thing. So LenPeraltaStore.com. Excellent work as always, Len. And also, thanks to Blair Bazderich for being with us, which I believe has not been since July. You missed you, Blair. And it's been great. Let folks know where they can keep up with your work. Sure. Go to twist.org. That's T-W-I-S dot org. For this week in science information, we have our live shows there, as well as information on how you can get a Blair's Animal Corner 2020 calendar. We're accepting pre-orders right now. And it's filled with art that I created this year, all with amazing animals that were featured in our science news this year. So that's all there. You can also follow me on Twitter at Blair's Menagerie. And yeah, I tweet out animal news stories and pictures of animals that I work with. And you should follow Shouty Blair, which I know is a totally different person. Yes. That is a completely different person. That's if I had absolutely no filter and I shouted my raw emotions at all times. So I should not be held accountable for her actions, but she is available for you to follow. Yes, folks. Get a twist calendar, because then you can be like me, because I'm going to hang mine right behind me here. So you should join me in that. We have some new Patreon rewards. If you are always interested in the show before we do the show, if you want to sneak peek about what might be in the show, you can follow along with our rundown. We're going to start giving November 1st people access to look at the rundown as we put it together every day. So that is among the new rewards you can get at patreon.com slash DTNS. Our email address is feedback at dailytechnewshow.com. Send that feedback to us. We love to hear it. We're also live Monday through Friday at 4.30 p.m. Eastern. That's 2030 UTC. And you can find out more and tell a friend dailytechnewshow.com slash live. See y'all Monday.


Bismillahirrahmanirrahim next in our learning we should learn how to categorize risk when we say categorization it's not just one way of categorizing because it's a big universe of risks and items which are relevant and so we can categorize them in multiple ways and when we are reclassifying or looking at in a different perspective same risks maybe could look at in a different parameter so we'll be learning how to categorize and how apply them for better learning so when we have heard the word risk we are always fearing it and considering it something negative it's not the case risk are both ways they could be negative threats definitely risks we are there but they could be again the same time positive as well which can be considered as our opportunities for us to exploit and gain out of it so when we have negative risks our structure or policy is to avoid them mitigate them transfer them depending on what's their nature and even in some cases we have to accept few risks so these are multiple ways depending on what type is and how it can be further looked at but when we have some positive risks so these are more like an opportunities for us so we can learn from it we can use them we can exploit them to make our gain so we exploit we share we enhance and acceptance at the same time these are two ways so we have to clear our mind risk is not always bad risk is about volatility and risk can gain lot of things to us and another way of classifying risk is through this way total risk total risk as I its name says in different form total risk will be considered in different ways here we are talking about systematic risk and unsystematic risk we will be studying them with graphs and figures later but for basic understanding systematic risk relate to risk with respect to financial market so how financial market are saying or we are associated with that market goes up what impact is normally expected to a particular share unsystematic is a specific risk or unique risk of a business suppose you are buying a textile company share to anything happening exclusively to that textile is unsystematic risk anything happening to market that affect the company share that is systematic risk similarly we have financial risk as well as non-financial risk so multiple ways to classify and categorize these risk then we already discuss we already talked that exchange risk is a very important risk we need to look at so we are now further dividing it to understand and learn it in a more effective way to exchange risk can be further related and to translation risk economic risk and transaction risk no need to worry we will just discuss it translation risk is suppose you have entered in a foreign currency position you have bought something and you have to pay or you have you are selling something and you are going to receive money in future so during this time your year end comes in and once as you for example you sold goods for ten thousand dollars and at the year end that ten thousand is still receivable so in financial as you know in financial statement we have to report all our assets and liabilities so amount receivable in foreign currency is in dollars but we are making our accounts in rupees so what we have to do that day we convert our amount receivable and show our financial statements now the day the transaction was done and the balance sheet data it could be a major change so that's referred to as translation risk then is economic risk this is more broader parameter this is what is happening to currency normally currency depreciate or appreciate in the future impacts other economic parameters this is a global level or a major thing and effect in our long run transaction risk is the specific risk dealing in the foreign currency now the actual procedure that will be utilized in the transaction risk financial again falls in this particular category another way of classifying risk is with respect to attitude of the investors risk averse risk thinking and risk neutral this is more related to human nature but it can be considered from the company's perspective as well risk averse are those who are very cautious they don't want to take any kind of risk so they want minimum level of risk or if they take a risk they want a very huge return on that so normally people at a senior age normally fall in this category or anyone who is very much cautious so suppose they have an option of investing in fixed income and equity they'll prefer to go in fixed income that too in a very safe side even government trees risk seeker are also referred to as risk lovers they prefer to take risk and earn high return so if they are given option of investing in bonds or stocks they'll go for stocks because they think the potential is high so for little premium they will be willing to take risk normally these are investors with experience at the same time organization with good funding and good background they are willing to take higher risk to earn a higher return because we have always spoke about this higher the risk higher the return so these are those people risk neutral people are a bit indifferent with respect to if they have given option of fixed income as well as equities if the expected return is same so they'll be neutral to go in either of that direction so this is the attitude of mainly the human factors that is there but it can be applied in organization we can say nishad group companies are more risk lovers they prefer to take new venture they prefer to take risky part recently they have they are doing textile very good they're doing cement very good now they are moving into automobile so that means they are risk lovers for a few examples currency we have already discussed change in raw material cost is also a risk suppose you are making a production and you are committing yourself with a vendor that we will provide you this much quantity the risk is there that the items you are going to buy for making your production the price of those goes up normally we have a profit question or some question for that but if it's a major change then it could even make a transaction into loss because you log that suppose $10 rate and your expected cost was $8 profit but when actual materialized come inflation triggered highly and you end up paying 11 rupee cost for a 10 rupee sale process that can be a loss structure change in law order situation law and order situation refers to a geographical boundary or a particular region suppose add some war thread coming in or some bad news about a company or some anything which is related to economy or a larger jurisdiction that will be referred to as law supposedly law was positive for one industry but recently they have increased tariff or taxes that can impact and lastly is the change in investor behavior investor behavior is how they are dealing it is also discussed about risk seeker and risk lover and here it is also about what investor is willing in Pakistan we have seen investors sometimes flow towards real estate and sometimes they flow towards talk market so they are moving in a pattern so this is the risk that could impact your business or your investments thank you


Semiconducting quantum dots with nanometer-sized particle sizes have unique properties due to their band gaps that depend on various factors which can be tuned for luminescence stimulation by photons or electric fields. These quantum dots have applications in electroluminescence devices, solar cells, and biological imaging. This article was authored by Paul H. Holloway, Tungkwan Zeng, Lei Qian, and others.


Hello, this is Marie Riccelli from BNC Software, the SOM Technical Marketing. Today I'm going to explain you how to leverage service pools in true-side capacity optimization. Service pools have been introduced as a new concept in true-side capacity optimization version 11.5. A service pool is a group of resources that form an infrastructure or technology layer tier within an application of business services. On the right hand side, an example of business service hierarchy with some applications and some tiers highlighted in green which are a representation of what is in essence a service pool. This grouping of resources is useful for capacity planning because they contribute to shared workloads and are usually sized together. Service pools can be created at the time of the business service view configuration. As an administrator, you will need to access the settings page on the business service view from true-side console and access the service pool creation tab. Choose the domains containing business services to create a service pool. Service pools will be created only for the selected domains containing supported system types and technologies. Select the type for service pool creation. Not the tags are not mandatory for service pool creations. Tags should be set for servers for better capacity planning and optimization. Service pools are essential for the computation of indicators for applications and business services upon which the business service view is built. Service pools will appear in the workspace of the true-side capacity optimization console as well as be represented in other sub-pages of the business service view. Anytime you need to add or remove service pools, you need to click the wrench icon on the settings page of the business service view and add or remove business service domains and save it. Service pools are similar to capacity pools. Service pools consume the services that providers provide. For instance, virtual machines consume the services that are provided by hosts. In this case, the host is a provider and a virtual machine is a consumer. Therefore, we can say that the service pool represents the consumer point of view whereas the capacity pool represents the supplier point of view. You can use service pool to make analysis, models and reports. You can use quick analysis, you can leverage existing analysis templates to create multiple chart with varying chart types and in the system type filter you will need to select service pools as a type. You can also leverage existing models to create time series forecast models and report and share with just the colder dose results. Let's take a look. Service pools can be created by accessing the true-side console business service view and then the settings page from which it is possible to add or remove domains to create additional service pools or remove some of them and specify a type of interest for service pool creation. A service will be assigned to default service pools if no value is assigned for the selected type. Now let's jump on the true-side capacity optimization console. For this demo I'm going to focus on my AWS infrastructure domain and in particular I'm going to focus on the business service called HR service management. For each business service domain a new entry in the tree which is the service pools folder is created once they are added in the settings page of the business service view and as you can see here I have four different service pools that were created on the basis also of the type selected. In this case for example I have an app pool, a DB pool, a web pool and a generic HR service management. For example the application pool does contains all the instances that were target with the up-tier type APP. Now if we go at the service pool level for each service pool the tool is able to automatically compute metrics which can be accessed from the metrics tab here and from here you can easily access and use the quick analysis by using the quick analysis icon and quickly check what is going on with for example CPU utilization in this case over the last seven days. Together to quick analysis you can also use out-of-the-box templates for analysis and models. For example I did create an analysis based on the CPU utilization template to identify the most consuming service pool with respect to CPU utilization over the last 180 days. In addition to that you can also leverage time forecasting models to practically understand if there will be any service pool which will be saturating so that's just an example of how you can leverage service pools to better do capacity planning within your applications and business services. Thanks for watching!


What do pottery and shepherding have to do with one another? Well, when I was in Nazareth, that's right, the place where Jesus grew up, I came across both these things, and it got me thinking. You see, in the Old Testament, God is referred to as the potter who molds us. He's also referred to as the shepherd who leads, directs, and protects us. Jesus also reiterates this point when he calls himself the good shepherd. Now honestly, I don't think it's a coincidence that I came across these sheep in Nazareth, the place where Jesus spent the majority of his life. He was very familiar with the lifestyle of a shepherd. Jesus went to the extent of saying that he would lay his life down for his sheep. At the time, people would have been hard-pressed to know exactly what he was talking about, but it all made sense when Jesus died on the cross. He laid his life down for us that we would be saved from the ravenous wolves of sin, death, and the devil. But you know what, he didn't stay dead. He rose again, and he continues to lead and protect us today. When you submit your life to God, he molds you day by day into his image, and he's patient with you like a shepherd is to his sheep. He guides you into green pastures. Man, how awesome is God.