haven't used RSS frequently outside of distributing a podcast in many years.  Back then, RSS was a huge way of getting news. You had RSS feed readers all over the place, a lot of news organizations got a lot of the traffic from RSS and focused a lot on being able to distribute through RSS. These days, not so much. Outside of podcasts, RSS seems to be fairly abandoned. Most places still have a feed, but the things you get in the feed are basically useless. They're just headlines for the most part. In order to get anything more out of them, you kind of have to click on the link. And I completely understand why this has become the way it is because if you want to make money online, you have to be able to serve advertising. And in order to serve advertising, you have to have people to actually come to your site. And you can't do that through RSS, at least not easily. So I understand why RSS has kind of gone by the wayside and has become what it is in terms of serving news, but what surprised me is how many people actually still use RSS readers. I talked about a little bit about this on my personal Twitter account and I DMed a few friends and they all use RSS readers. Now I do believe that a lot of people who still use RSS feed readers are very much entrenched in the tech sphere.  You're not going to find many normies out there who you still use RSS. I don't have any real evidence or data to back that up. It's just a feeling that I have. That being said, I wanted to ask the question, what is the place of RSS on today's internet? And I don't really have a really good answer that because RSS is still widely used to distribute podcasts. It's definitely a needed technology and it works very well to distribute podcasts even though it doesn't have a ton of modern features like collecting download information and statistics for location and all that stuff that advertisers really kind of want. They want to know how many people have downloaded your your podcast. They want to know where that those people are, other metrics and stuff that will help them target advertising towards podcasts and RSS really doesn't do that. But even though that's the case, many people who do a podcast including yours truly use RSS to distribute their podcasts to the masses. So RSS is definitely still a needed technology but outside of podcasts it seems to have been mostly abandoned. So originally this video was going to be talking about a feed reader called News Flash and News Flash looks like this. This is what News Flash looks like. It's really good looking. It really works really well when it's not crashing. But basically this is what a feed reader looks like. They all look pretty much the same. You click on an article here and you get a little bit of a blurb of the article and then if you want to read the rest of it, you have to click on the link which will then open up in a browser which it did for me just to open up on another tag. And that's what RSS has become. You don't get a ton of information and this one here that I'm looking at now actually has more information than what you normally get. Some of them are much smaller than that. Now the Verge seems to always do about two paragraphs or so. But if we go to the Linux one that I have here, some of these are one paragraph. This is just one paragraph and this is a Linux blog. So it's not as if they're, I don't even think 9 to 5 Linux runs advertising. I don't even know if they do. They may. But whatever reason, they only give you one paragraph of their article and then in order to see anything else, you have to go through and click the link. And that's just the norm when it comes to distributing news through RSS. And you understand why because these blogs and publications need to make money and you can't do that through RSS. So I have the question, why does RSS still exist? Or even better, why has an RSS become better? And the answer to that question is unknown. It's a sad fact, several apps or whatever have tried to make RSS feeds better, something like Flipboard has tried to make a publication network where they can serve advertising through an RSS feed like thing and still make publishers money. And it's so it's somewhat work. A lot of people still use something like Flipboard. But for people who just use straight up RSS, monetizing that is kind of hard. And because the technology is so old, it doesn't have a ton of metrics in terms of like, this right here, they make the 9 to 5 Linux people may know that I have subscribed to their feed. I'm not sure how far that goes, but they don't know which one, which of these articles I've gone through in red, you know, red, in terms of if I click on this and mark this as unread, and read this paragraph, they don't get any information back from the RSS feed that I've seen this article or the portion of this article that it gives me. And that's one of the reasons why there's just a small blurb, they want you to give they want to give you just enough, you know, content to get you to click on the link. But the functionality of RSS for people who to make money just isn't there yet, or never has been there, I guess is the way to say it because RSS still isn't still being developed as far as I know. So the functionality of RSS has gone down in proportion to the number of blogs out there that want to make money, because which is all of them basically, right? And honestly, it's kind of a shame. If there was a good technology out there that allowed you to get your news through an application like News Flash, that also allowed these blogs to make money, that'd be great, because honestly, and a lot of my Linux YouTuber friends agree with this, the internet sucks. The internet is kind of terrible in terms of presenting you web pages, because all of them have these a ton of JavaScript and infusion engines and all this kind of nonsense that, you know, to track you and slow down the page and all this stuff. And it's just a bad experience. If you don't use an ad blocker to go to site like the verge, it takes like almost a minute for the page to load. I mean, it's not that bad, but it feels that bad. And that's because it has to load up all this nonsense in the background in order to serve you advertisements in order to make them money. And we want them to make money. But the experience of them making money, it makes the, you know, their website experience bad. See if I could say experience there one more time in the sentence. So I really wish there was an like a RSS 2.0 or whatever, that allowed us to bypass that whole crappy website experience and still get our news served like this, because this is an awesome experience. But the way it is now, it's basically useless. It would be so cool to go to this feed for nine to five Linux, and just be able to scroll through using the Vim keys, no less, each of these articles. And I read them and it marks them that I've read them. And if I want to go through and save one of them, I can, you know, I can start for later. And that'd be a great way to choose topics for the channel. And you know, I probably would use it like that. But the way it is now, it's not a great experience because all we get is this little bitty, you know, blurb. And then if I want more, I have to click on the link, go over to, you know, a web browser and view the content on the web. And that's not the as good of an experience as it is in this little feed reader. So just a short video today, more of a nostalgic kind of thing where I wish RSS was better. I wish RSS was more modern and allowed publishers to make money because then they would actually use it. And we could have these feed readers that are really good actually surf content that is useful because right now all we get is headlines. And for the most part, that's not really what I want. If I still have to visit the website, I might as well just have visited the website to begin with. That's the way I look at it. So in the comments below, let me know if you still use RSS for things other than podcasts. I'd really like to know if you have a cool feed reader that you use and would like to share it. Leave that in the comments section below. If you'd like to follow me on Twitter, you can do so at the Linuxcast. You can also follow me on Facebook at the Linuxcast. And you can support me on Patreon at patreon.com slash Linuxcast. Before I go, I'd like to take a moment to thank my current patrons, Devon Chris, East Coast Web, Gentooisfund2, Marcus, Megalyn Sven, Jackson Knife and Tool, Mitchell, Mr. Fox, Arch Center, American Camp. Thanks everybody for watching. I'll see you next time.


Hello, good morning again. Now, yes, I am for myself, Pablo Besone. I am with Carolina Hernandez, and we are going to present Bustrapping Minimal Reflective Language Kernels. That basically is something that we use for Faro itself, but we want to be able to use for other tools. I am with Carolina Hernandez. She's a PhD student. She's working a lot in the Bustrapping of Kernels using Faro and the tools and the problems that we have on them. So, the question should be, I will do a little introduction of the problem that we have, and she will provide the solutions to them. Well, this is my, I am myself. I am a Faro engineer. I work in the Faro Consortium. I basically, my job is trying to take the innovative ideas and the nice things done by researchers and try to do it then for real with an industrial quality on some time of trying to do it for real. So, what are crafted kernel languages? Well, basically, the idea that we have is that we want to produce as many languages as we need. We want to produce as many runtimes as we need. We need to produce, to have the ability to produce languages and runtimes for small domains or languages and runtime for specific domains. And we want to have a given language that give us support for implementing our problem. But also, it gives us all the tools that we need, but not much more because we want to have small languages. Why? Basically, this is used for IoT, for all the resources constrained devices that we can have. But also, it can be useful when we are paying by resources. For example, if we are using cloud computing or if we are using virtualization, we want to improve the usage of resources. So, we only want to pay what we are really using. But, as this is a piece of software, we have to generate it from the source code. We have to compile it. We have to deploy it. If it has some kind of problem, we want to debug it. And we want to update it. So, if we take our system, so big system, and we start reducing it, and we remove, for example, the debugging capabilities, how we debug it? So, we will have to have shipping in the small runtime, all the debugging capabilities. Or if we want to update it, well, we have to also keep the updated. So, we want to try to see what are the tools required to minimize this overhead, and still be able to debug the system, update them dynamically, and develop them in a nice reproducible way. So, our proposed approach is use a high level bootstrap where we have a language that uses a lot of reflection where we can define in our small language, in our small runtime, a lot of the operations, a lot of the required reflective operations to do these modifications. We want to generate them, this small language and kernels, by doing a bootstrap. This is normal. We want to start from the source code only. But we want to do it in an environment and set of tools that allows us to debug it, to update, and to deploy this working in a high level. We don't want to be crafting the language kernel really by hand because it takes a lot of work. Actually, we are using a bootstrapping process for Faro itself. But the problem with that is that this bootstrapping process is very complicated. We need to master a lot of things to know before I be able to touch it without crashing. Or you start touching and run the full bootstrap, it fails. Touch again, it fails. And it takes a lot of time. So we want to have really good tools that use the reflective features, uses the ability to interpret the language and to simulate it, and give us better bootstrapping tools. So this is in part some development to improve our life like developers of Faro to bootstrap new versions of Faro, but also it can be extended to bootstrap smaller kernels and smaller applications. So basically, the context that we have now in Faro is that we have a language definition or a runtime definition that is basically a source code, a small talk source code that we execute. This small talk source code is run inside a pre-existent Faro that we will generate a new image executing the code and the bootstrap step by step. This problem is that touching the modify in this source code requires a lot of knowledge or a lot of patience because it is a lot of trial and error. Once the full Faro image generates a small image of the kernel, it can be executed itself independently in its own virtual machine. However, I will pass now to Carolina. This can always fail. Or most of the time, this fail. That is the problem. OK. So as Pablo was saying, yes, the bootstrap process is complicated. And the thing is that it requires a lot of expertise to debug it and to basically modify the language definition. So the problem specifically is that inside the language definition, if we have unintended errors, which we will call defects, they will generate failures during the bootstrap process or during the execution of the kernel after it was deployed. So yeah. It can happen that some defects prevent the kernel from generating. And that's fine. We can know ahead of time. But the problem is some kinds of defects they will manifest only after. So we will generate a buggy kernel, which will fail here. And the problem is that in here, sometimes we are running this small kernel in a resource constraint device, which, given the fact that the kernel is small, we don't have debugging support. We don't have, sometimes, the layer of communication to debug remotely. So this is the challenge. OK. What do you want? What do we want? We want to open the bootstrap process to the community. And we want to allow to anyone to be able to modify the current bootstrap process of Fado or to use the same set of tools for creating their own small languages. So since fixing errors is a complex task, we intend to provide high level tools, which will allow us to create, maybe from zero if you want, or modify an existing language definition, just the source code, and after to debug the full process. OK. So among the tools that we are providing, we have a code editor, which is used to modify the source code of the language. And this code editor provides the same features that the code editor in Fado provides currently. We can browse code, navigate. We can perform refactoring, et cetera. And this is something that we didn't have before, because usually the vision of the code was made by hand in a plain text file. So this is to start with. The next thing that we are providing is debugging support. OK. So we provide a custom debugger, which allows us to debug the bootstrap process, but also the application that will run inside the generated kernel. OK. So this debugger will allow us to debug the application before the deploying. So we managed to do this by providing a simulated environment in which the application will run, and we will be able to debug it. This debugger also provides high-level tools for dealing with low-level features regarding the interaction that the kernel will have with the virtual machine. But yeah, it's OK. We also provide a set of inspectors to be able to inspect the kernel while it is being generated and each one of the objects or of the elements that we are installing inside of it. So as an example in here, for example, we are seeing an array of important objects which are instances inside the kernel. And we can see, for example, the main process that we are installing. We can inspect it. And since Faro is fully reflective, et cetera, we can provide through Faro capabilities the ability to see what is inside the kernel in a high-level way. We also are providing visual analysis of the language definition which are available even before the generating process. So this way you can see, for example, the hierarchy for classes, the inheritance hierarchy for classes. We can see the number of methods per class. It's just a set of visual tools which will give you a general view of how your kernel will look like and what it does contain. So it is important to notice that this is not only constrained to the generation of new languages, but it is also useful for developing the application which will be installed inside the kernel. So to provide the support, we don't need to modify nothing, because the same tool set which we are using to debug the bootstrap allows us to debug the application that we run after. Yeah, that's it. Thank you for your attention. And I'm open to questions. The target. OK, for the case of a small language, you could, for example, develop a language that is specifically, that is the smallest language that you need to run a specific application, for example, in an Arduino. I don't know. You want an application that, I don't know, needs to check a sensor every, I don't know, one second. So you don't need big part of the library that we are providing right now in Faro. You don't need it, because it's very simple. So that way you can get rid of most of the features that comes by default in a minimal kernel. And you can obtain a kernel which will weight, I don't know, 50 kilobytes, maybe less. So we have a minimal kernel definition, which is what it is required by the virtual machine to run an image. So that is provided since the beginning. Given that, on top of that, you can start adding things and you can make it as minimal as you want. Yeah. Yes? You are not sorry? We are, I'm not sure if I understood the question, but we are aiming to run always in the same virtual machine. Our small kernels are running always in the same virtual machine, which runs Faro now. This is like the Alcancer. Yeah, the scope of this project. We have parallel projects which are working on minimizing the virtual machine we're working with. But for now, we are fixing the virtual machine. This is the virtual machine that you have. And yeah, it's a bytecode interpreter virtual machine. And so we are generating these kernels, which are compatible with this virtual machine. Just to add, the virtual machine that we have now, we have basically running for 32 and 64-bits PCs and 32-bits ARM architectures. This is a sheet-based or sheet-improved bytecode machine. And we are working to generate alternative to this. For example, directly generating the machine code from the bytecode during the execution. But all these solutions of directly generating machine code, it will require some work or some research to keep all the dynamic features of Faro just generating code. But as Carolina says, this is a part of the story. We are also working in improving the VM. And the part that we are now is in the tooling of the VM because also we want to democratize the access to the VM. So it makes it easy to do new improvements and it does not need to be an expert to do it. It's we're writing in a slang that is a kind of distribution of small talk. And then that is compiling to C. It's a subset. It's a similar solution that, for example, our Python, where we have a small subset of Faro that can be directly compiled or can be transpiled to C. And we are using that to generate the lowest level. Then on top of that, you have your small talk of Faro and you can do all the reflective and dynamic stuff usually. We have tried. We still, as we assembly is lacking garbage collection or a nicer memory model that allows us to have actually an arbitrary memory model. We are a little limited, but it can run. But there is also a transpilation to directly to share a script that works better even than the version of WebAssembly. We are still kind of limited by the limitations of WebAssembly until the next release. Thank you. Thank you.


Ang karunungan ay kapangyarihan. Let's put that power to the test here on... K-Check! Post-eternaligaddy Conception. At ako naman si Jules Guiang for another episode of K-Check. Ang K-Check ay para sa mga gustong sanayan at palawakin ng brain power nila through competition. Ang tanong, kaya ba ng ating contestants ng brain workout na inihanda natin for them this season? Ang mga may kaya ng workout na iyan, nga-abot hanggang final week of competition at isa sa kanila ang tatanghaling K-Check champion. Apat na contestants mula sa UPD5 ang dadaan sa ating karunungan check sa aro na ito. Dominic is an applied physics student whose hobbies are cycling, working out, and digital art. Vince is a BS geography student who has a love-hate relationship with cooking but is fond of eating. He believes that acting like a main character every day boosts his confidence. Rob is a student filmmaker, theater collaborator, science enthusiast, and Mindanao on Hailing from Surigao City. And, in the look of this, on the streets as means for conversations and social change. Althea is a second year student. She was a former Asian studies major at UST. Her hobbies include learning foreign languages and world religions. She also likes watching anime. These four will be competing under the watchful eyes of today's K-Check panel of experts. Firstly, we have Professor Marianne Roque, Professor of Mathematics at UP Dileman. Next, we have Assistant Professor Bernard Caslib from the Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences from UP Manila. And finally, we have a multimedia artist and Professor Emeritus, teaching film at the UP College of Mass Communication Film Institute and communication at the UP Open University, Professor Grace Javier Alfonso. At ngayon contestant, this is round one. Make sure you wait until you're acknowledged by the host. Otherwise, your answers might not be given any credit even if they're correct. Correct answers are 10 points each, so get ready to buzz in and collect those points. Let's begin. Question number one. What do you call the imbound body in ancient Egypt that is cheated with Altea? Mommy. Let me proceed with a question that is cheated with dresid and wrapped in linen bandages. You said mommy, that's correct. K-Check. Question number two. In what US city can you find Central Park? The Museum of Modern Art. Altea. New York. Let me proceed. Empire State Building and Broadway, you said New York, that's correct. K-Check. Question number three. What word may mean a whole tennis contest, a counterpart or small wooden stick used to ignite a fire? Altea. Torch. Torch is wrong. Anyone can steal? The correct answer is match. Question number four. In what Philippine island can you find the provinces of? Kirino and Quezon. Roe. Island? Luzon. Correct. K-Check. Question number five. Chorizo, shubli and bratwurst are types of what food made of minced meat and taste in skin. Altea. Sausage. Sausage is correct. K-Check. Question number six. How many years are there in 60 months? Five. Five is correct. K-Check. Question number seven. Acetwas made it to number six in the top global hit list for 2023. Altea. Harry Styles. Let me proceed with the question. Which member of One Direction recorded Acetwas? You said Harry Styles, that's correct. K-Check. Question number eight. Fusa Tatsumi was the oldest living person on earth until she passed away at the age of 119 in December 2023. In what country did Fusa Tatsumi grow? Japan. Let me proceed. Reside until her death, you said Japan, that's correct. K-Check. Question number nine. In elementary math, what number is exactly between 3.5 and 7.5? Altea. 5.5. 5.5 is correct. K-Check. Question number ten. In art. What is the general term for a painting or drawing that the artist makes of himself? Roe. Self-portrait. Self-portrait is correct. K-Check. Question number eleven. What is the Spanish term for the holy child that is being honored in Cebu's annual Sinulog Festival? Roe. Santo Nino. Santo Nino is correct. K-Check. Final question for this round. Number twelve. What previously unbeatable video game involving falling blocks? Dominic. Tetris. Let me proceed. Falling blocks was finally beaten by a 13-year-old Willis Gibson in January 2024. You said Tetris, that's correct. K-Check. And that's it for round number one. Raming salamat juice. After that round, we have, yes, Altea in the lead with 50 points, followed by Roe with 40, Dominic with 20, and Vince with some catching up to do. Pero siguro it's time to find out a little more about our contestants. So, Dominic, para sa mga hindi nakakakalam ano nga ba ang applied physics at ano karera ang meron para sa mga nag-aaral at eventually mag-a-graduate sa kursong ito. So applied physics is basically a course where you can apply the physics of everyday living and of course, opportunities are practically anywhere that involves instrumentation and laboratories. Interesting. Okay. Maraming salamat, Dominic. Kaya naman si Vince. Nako Vince. Maraming nakakakaralit sa habi mo ang itin. Pero mas maging na siguro na i-explain mo yung confidence-boosting technique mo of acting like a main character. Di ba yung main character na yung very genzis lang na? Iyon. Palagin bumibita. Oh, Vince. Ano po kasi? Very, ano po talaga ako, ako wala... wala nang tiwala sa sarili. Laging kinakabahan. Then for the second year, I said na, let's bring that main character energy. Lagi kong pinapanod si Al Woods, si Regina George and yung Regina George ng India si Pooja. So every time that I walk around the campus, feeling ko, ako lang, ako yung pinakabida sa lahat ng student sa campus. Pero hindi ka naman masyadong kinakabahan. So I guess that technique of yours must be working. Ngayon po kinakabahan. Kasi... Hindi akos importante ay hindi ka mukhang kinakabahan. Kaya na, kabato-kabato ka na. So bali part lang to ng episode ng Bukain. So maraming salamat Dominic and Vince. Get ready because you're about to go into round two next. Sa pagbabulik ng...  At tuloy pa rin ang ating karunungan check. Points lika po na tayo. Alfea is leading with 50 points. Followed by Robe with 40 points. Dominic with 20 points. And si Vince naman kaya pang humabol sa susunod natin round. So ito ang ating opportunity to get to know more about our remaining contestants. So Robe, ano naman ang ibig mong sabihin when you say you use performance as a means for social change? Kasi hindi pa ako marunang magsula. The script writing. So mas marunang ko mag-quento ng gamit ng katawan bilang marun ang ako mantat sa mayaw. At nung pumasokan ng UP, I delved into theater. Kasi UP rep din po ako. And madami kaming mga performances. Di lang sa stage, pero sa lansangan din. So with those avenues and platforms mas na saka ko yung pag-a-quento at pagiging storyteller na rin. Nga gamit yung katawan at gamit yung context o kung nasan man yung espacia. Kaka sa susunod dapat isang mamo si Vince para talagang masarpen ang kanyang confidence-building niya. Alagang ano. Mamugust yung pagkamin karakter mo pag sa theater. Ang problema, bida siya dapat pala. Yun lang. Mga gina-gawa ng UP rep kasi talagang accessibility ng theater kaya style. Thank you Robe. Hindi naman si Alfea. So Alfea, why the switch from Asian studies to social work? I really like learning different disciplines for different social sciences. And Asian studies po kasi interdisciplinario siya. On the other hand, social work naman applied social science siya. So mas na sa ground ako, mas na lalaman ko yung stories from the masses. And ayun, na-aplay ko yun naman yung Asian studies sa international social work. Mga pangin miss Universe. Ang mga sagut ng ating mga contestas. Si Enos, si Venus Ra, galing sa college ninyo do ba? Masters. I'm not sure po. Talagang. Magmaster siya. Now you know. Now you know. Pwede yung pang question sa Susanon. Maraming salamat sa inyo. And now it's time for round two. So contestants, get ready to buzz in but make sure you strategize. Laging tandaan, wait to be called before you answer. Correct answers are worth 20 points each but you use 10 points if you answer incorrectly. Let's begin. This is round two. Question number one. What is the surname of the Indian spiritual leader and social reformer who was bestowed the title? Rob. Gandhi. Who was bestowed the title? Mahatma. Gandhi is the correct answer. K-check. Question number two. What do you call the hereditary blood defect occurring almost exclusively in males that is marked by delayed clotting of the blood with prolonged bleeding that is caused by a deficiency of clotting factors? Nuku paborito tong sickness na to sa mga drama at mga movies. This hereditary blood defect is hemophilia. Question number three. What country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean and located in the world's second-largest island has the capital of Port Morrisby? The correct answer is Papua New Guinea. Question number four. Which British prince wrote the book Spare? Rob. Prince Henry. Prince Harry, also known as Henry, Duke of Sussex is the correct answer. Question number five. The former province of Macau was handed over by the Portuguese Republic to what Asian country on December 20, 1999, rogue? China. China is the correct answer. K-check. Nuku atdeya na unahanta na ni rogue. Question number six. What bottom part of a shoe has a name that may also mean being the only one? Dominic. Soul. Soul is the correct answer. K-check. Question number seven. Kilian Murphy won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Drama for playing the title role in what 2023 film about an American physicist. Atdeya. Openheimer. Openheimer is the correct answer. K-check. Question number eight. In what northern city can you find the Philippine Military Academy? Rogue. Baguio. Baguio City is the correct answer. Question number nine. Used in some of today's stoves, what do you call the process by which electromotive forces are generated? Rogue. Induction. Induction is the correct answer which uses the process by which electromotive forces are generated in a circuit due to changes in a magnetic field. K-check. Question number ten. In January 2024, a massive blackout sent ilo-ilo and nearby provinces into days of darkness. What island which includes ilo-ilo endured this widespread power outage Rogue? Panay. Panay Island is the correct answer. Question number 11. Which young Swedish environmental activist gained fame for working to address the problem of climate change? Altea. Greta Thunberg. Greta Thunberg also founded a movement known as Fridays for Future in 2018. Greta Thunberg is the correct answer. K-check. Last question for this round. Question number 12. Which branch of mathematics whose name comes from Arabic for reuniting broken parts uses arithmetical operations applied to letters rather than specific numbers? Rogue. Algebra. Algebra is the correct answer. K-check. And that's it for round two. Ang standing na mga contestants natin after that second round, well, parang nanggigil talaga si Rogue now leads with 180 points followed by Altea with 90 points, Dominic with 40, and Vince with some catching up to do. Syempre, hindi pa tapos ang laban. Tandaan, habang may round may pag-asa at susunod na ang ultimate pag-alingan round sa pagbabalik ng... K-check. Welcome back to K-check. After that round, we now have Rogue leading at 180 points, followed by Altea with 90, Dominic with 40, and Vince with some catching up to do. And now, hindi pa tapos ang laban because it's time for our ultimate pag-alingan round. Let's go for those points and for the win. Remember sa ating panel of experts mga galing ang mga katanungan. Dito po, correct answers are worth 30 points each at may 15-point deduction for wrong answers. Let's begin. Let's start ultimate pag-alingan challenge round with Prof. Marion. K, I hope you love science. Kung ang mitochondrion ay tinaguri ang power house of the cell. Ano ang ginagawa nitoong energy molecule? A, adenosine triphosphate or ATP? Dominic. A, adenosine triphosphate or ATP. Let me finish the question. B, carbohydrate. C, oxygen. D, fat. E, protein. Correct answer is this energy molecule which is a nucleotide that provides energy for the cell. The correct answer is A, ATP. K, check. So, kung towa talaga si Prof. Marion, pag may nakakasagot ng kanyang mga katanungan. Prof. Bernardz. Sana ako din po. This one is on geography. The Tubataha Reaves Natural Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Is located in which Philippine province. Road. ARMM? No, sorry. Let me read the choices. Letter A, palawan. Gin. A, palawan. A, palawan. Is K, check. Congratulations, Vins. Prof. G.G. Yes. Punta naman tayo sa art. So, post impression is style of art is characterized by exaggerated perspectives and vibrant colors, often associated emotional and expressive style of painting. So, it is distancing itself from the usual capturing of natural lighting of given moments, which was the main concern of the impressionists. The question is who among these following artists in the list is not a post impressionist. A, Paul Gogan. B, George Soran. C, Vincent Van Gogh. D, Paul Sezan. And E, Pierre Augustre Noir. The answer is Renoir. Pierre Augustre Noir may not have both vibrant colors and thick brush strokes to convey feelings and emotions. Because he was an impressionist. Impress the call. Okay. O na impress ang scientist. Yes, science again. Sino ang nakatoklas kung paana na mamana ang atin mga katangian o traits sa pamamagitan ng factors o genes. Siya ang sinasabing father of genetics. A, Charles Darwin. B, Gregor Mendel. Dominic. B, Gregor Mendel. Nag lagan na guunahan sila. No. So si Charles Darwin fear of evolution, si Alfred Nobel, alam dapatin nilobinik, dynamite. And then si Louis Pasteur, pasteurization, vaccination, and Juan Van Luvenhoek is ang choice yan, father of microbiology. Si Gregor Mendel through his reading of garden piece, discover the basic principle of heredity, which we now call genetics. So the correct answer is Gregor Mendel. K, check. Okay. Thank you, attorney. The second question is from political science. In the Philippines, what is the term for the lower house of Congress? Responsible for crafting and passing legislation. Is it A, Senate? Robe. A, Senate. No. Sorry, Robe. Letter B, House of Representatives. Altea. B, House of Representatives. House of Representatives. K, check. Prof. G.G. The bamboo organ of laspina started construction in 1816. And it was finished after eight years, 1824. It is a musical instrument made out of more than a thousand pipes. How many of these pipes are made of bamboo? 102A, B, 50C, 902D, 60E, 70E, 902D. Fantastic. Okay. Mokong yun atadapadong sagot ni Vince. Ni Vince. Sayang, mag-go ka na. Prof. Marion. Physics ba ito? Pero chemistry din. Atoms. Consist of three fundamental types of particles. Protons, electrons, and neutrons. What do you call an atom which has more protons than electrons? A, an ion. B, cat ion. C, isotope. Dominic. C, isotope. Malay. D, molecule. E, photon. No, B, cat ion. Ito ay dapat mas madami ang positive. So these are positively charged atoms and ion is negatively charged. So the correct answer is cat ion letter B. K, check. This is on logic. What fallacy occurs when your opponent oversimplifies or misrepresents your argument to make it easier to refute or attack? The middle ground fallacy. B, argumentum at ominem. Letter C, argumentum at ignorantiam. Letter D, strawman fallacy. Or letter E, bandwagon fallacy. Letter D, strawman fallacy. Strawman fallacy rope. That's K, check. All of these are informal fallacies, di ba? But this one is when you misrepresent your opponent's argument. Prof. Gigi. Puta naman tayo sa pelikula, Mamgabi. So, in the 2023 Metro Manila Film Festival, ano ang pelikulang pinanghal na best film? Dominic. Malyabi. Ito tuliko, malek. Okay. Malek. A, rewind. B, gumbul sa. Althea. Ang nanalong pelikula na best film ay Firefly. It is a fantasy film written by Angelia Tienza and directed by Zigg Dula. K, check. I think Malyari was the scariest movie in the film festival. Kaling sa pelikula, punta naman tayo sa biology. Which of the following is not a plant and not an animal? A, big nai. B, snail. C, mushroom. D, zooplankton. Or E, moss. B, snail. Malek. Dominic. Mushroom. Ang snail ay animal. Okay. Ang big nai at moss ay nga halaman plants. Ang zooplankton ay very small animals. Mushrooms are punjai and they're neither plants nor animals. So, K, check. Interesting. Population studies. What demographic term represents the average number of years a person can expect to live at birth. Assuming age-specific mortality rates remain constant throughout life. Dominic. Life expectancy. That's correct. Life expectancy. K, check. What is the fine art technique that captures how the eye perceives objects or figures receding in a two-dimensional space which is a fundamental part of linear perspective drawing. A, for shortening. B, blocking. C, grafting. D, casting. E, mincing. Dominic. A, for shortening. For shortening makes forms seem smaller or closer together than they really are. K, check. For shortening. And that's it for our K, check. Ultimate Pagalingan round. Congratulations to Robb, our K, check. Daily winner with a final score of 210 points. We'll see Robb again on Friday when he competes with our other daily winners for a spot in our semifinals. Semalami salamat kaya Dominic, kaya Vince at kaya Alteya. Thank you so much. And thank you also to the members of our panel of experts, Professor Marian, Professor Bernard and Professor Gigi. Malami salamat po ako ko si Jules Giak. At ako naman po si Anthony Gabby Concepcion. Join us again tomorrow for another round of K, check.


Good day everyone. Thank you for attending this session for Intro to Open Cluster Management. My name is Mike Gang. I'm a developer for the Wet Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes team. I'm joined today by my other Wet Hat colleagues as well. This is a free recorded video. We do encourage you to ask questions, but after the presentation is done. So what is Open or Cluster Management? It's a new open-source Kubernetes multi-cluster-centric project that has been launched by Wet Hat and ANU. We created this project as a way to engage the open community in an effort to simplify the problem of managing many Kubernetes clusters. This project is not trying to reinvent the wheels and solve problems that are already well addressed. For example, for provisioning and upgrading and depositioning of clusters across many different cloud providers. There are already projects like Keepsake cluster API and the OpenShift Hive project. For health metrics of many clusters, there's projects like Banos, a compliant aspect of those clusters. There's projects like Open Policy Agents. So what we're focusing on is how Open Cluster Management as a community project builds additional capabilities that help bring all these separate tools together so that you have a central location with a unified view of inventory of clusters and have a unified way of delivering managing agents. The managing agents can help to configure projects like Banos that need certain configuration across many clusters to collect health metric data. We also have a native way of delivering application class movie clusters that can support a community project like Argo and Kubella. We also have a native governance policy framework that can be integrated with other compliance projects like Velco and Open Policy Agents. So Open Cluster Management is really about bringing all these many different parts of the community and deliver a whole solution to simplify feed management across the open hybrid cloud at scale. Before any community project that wants to become multi-cluster aware, what aspects do they need to address? Let's talk about some of the requirements. There are projects like Open Policy Agents or Velco that doesn't have multi-cluster concepts to go in. So they need to become multi-cluster aware so they can understand which clusters to enforce compliance on. There are also other projects that understand the concept of multi-clusters like Argo and Thanos, but it's not a unified experience. Different projects have different concepts of what it means to be multi-clustered. So let's consider all the requirements that a service within the Kubernetes ecosystem will need to become multi-cluster aware. So first of all, the service must have an API to determine the inventory of available clusters. So for awareness of cluster inventory, Open Cluster Management provides a managed cluster API to represent the cluster under management. In all the requirements, the service must have a way to determine where to schedule and sign Kubernetes API manifest to a selected set of clusters. This API, for this service, we provide API called Placement. So which for awareness of workload configuration needs to describe clusters, and the Placement Controller would sample the available clusters and dynamically match a list of clusters that's captured by the placement. Another multi-cluster aware service requirement is it must be able to deliver Kubernetes API manifest to a selected set of clusters. For delivery of configuration, Open Cluster Management have a manifest for the API which provides a simple way to specify one or more Kubernetes manifest that should be delivered and what it's all against the managed clusters. Lastly, the service must have a way to govern how user access available clusters or groups of clusters in a fleet. So for this security requirement, Open Cluster Management to define a consistent access control boundary, users or groups may be assigned to specific managed clusters or collections of managed cluster, nor as managed with cluster sets API. For example, we might have three teams that each have access to Open Clusters that are related to their day-to-day activity, but a particular team wants to perform an application or integration or policy change. We only want them to change their subset of the fleet and not impact the other teams' clusters. Another core concept that might be optional is the service that may need to extend the management agent with additional built-in controllers that should be run on managed clusters. If the server has enabled that, then to install built-in controller or operator on managed clusters, we provide the managed cluster add-on API which allows additional behavior to be injected remotely into the management agent to support abstraction built around the manifest work and the other four parameters. So at the bottom here, we see there are a list of projects that are possible for consumers of these multi-cluster board APIs. For example, we have created a Submariner add-on operator that helps you simplify provisioning Submariner across a set of clusters so they can interact with their network layer easier. We can also help create a multi-cluster operator that's deployed at Fano's data store on a central control hub and then link back to the clusters that are in the fleet so that their eating cluster for meaties can share the co-ed data. We also built examples that syndicate desired policies for FALCO or open policy agents so that it's managed at a fleet-wide level as opposed to cluster by cluster basis. And with Argo, not only we orchestrated the distribution of Argo into your fleet, we have also been working with the Argo community to help adapt concepts like the placement API and generically. So the Argo project in the community can leverage concepts like the cluster inventory, role-based access control, placement APIs, etc. But once again, these are the core principles that make up the open cluster management. So we've been describing the problem with multi-cluster management and some of the requirements and we talk about the concepts and the APIs that help simplify the fleet management. But what is the actual architecture and they need open cluster management? As you can see from the diagram, open cluster management uses a hub-to-agent framework. The hub cluster acts sort of like a multi-cluster control plan. It hosts the cluster manager operator which contains the registry and it communicates with the registration agent on the remote clusters for registration and lifecycle of managed cluster and cluster add-on. The placement controller on the hub cluster is responsible for workload scheduling across multiple managed cluster. On the managed cluster side, there's a cluster-led operator which contains the work agent on the managed cluster which pulls the placement decision from the hub cluster and launch workload to the related managed cluster. It also pushes the status of the managed cluster to the help cluster. So with this architecture, we avoid vendor logins because the APIs are not tied to any cloud providers or proprietary platforms. You can have your hub cluster initialized on any Kubernetes provider or platform you like. And you can have many different clusters from different providers that join that hub cluster with no functional limitation. So open cluster management overall is like a micro-kernel operating system. It has foundational parts to provide the core function that we described. It also has various add-ons to extend different capabilities. Some of the built-in add-ons are the policy add-ons that we described earlier as well as the application delivery add-ons. They're also highly modular and can be deployed separately. This makes it easier for projects to adapt the open cluster management API so they can become multi-cluster aware. Let's do a demo and showcase the foundation layer of open cluster management. Firstly, we're going to show you how to bootstrap a multi-cluster control plane that we call the hub cluster. Then we're going to register another cluster to the hub cluster so that it can be managed by the hub cluster. There are many ways that we can bootstrap this process. We can use the available operators from the operator hub or what I'm about to show you, which is using our in-house cluster admin line rule. It is a tool that we created inspired by the Kubernetes Kube admin tool. So if you're already familiar with the Kube admin tool, then the workflow we're about to show you should be quite similar. So on my screen right now, I have two terminals. On the left side, I have a newly created kind cluster that I'm planning to use as the multi-cluster control plane that we refer to as the hub cluster. On the right side here, I also have a newly created kind cluster that I'm planning to use to perform the action of joining the cluster to the hub cluster. So to start off, we want the cluster admin in the command on the left side of the hub, on the left side, which represents the hub cluster. This will deploy the cluster manager operator, which contains the controller such as registration and placement. It will then point out the command with a temporary token that another cluster can use to join the hub cluster. So let me copy and paste this command. So using my command on the right side, which is the 2D managed cluster, I will initiate the join process. So while this process takes place, let's go back to the slide and talk about what's actually happening underneath after running the join command. In open cluster management, the cluster registration follows a double op-in mechanism, which is the agent opting to register a cluster with the hub by creating a managed cluster resource on the hub. It also creates a certificate signing request, which means the agent will need a two-config with appropriate permissions to initiate the registration request. And that temporary token that we just copied and pasted forms the bootstrap hub queue config. And the agent on the managed cluster side will generate the queue config-secret. When the hub received the registration request, the admin user on the hub will need to approve the certificate signing request initiated by the managed cluster. So then the managed cluster agent is authenticated to the hub. The admin user on the hub cluster also needs to set the value in the managed cluster custom resource field to hub except client to true. So the agent is authorized to call the hub. With this authentication and authorization approval, this is what we call the double opt-in. So sometime has passed. Let's look on the hub clusters. We see the managed cluster resource has been created. But as we talked about earlier, the hub accepted is currently false. It's waiting for the admin approval. There's also a certificate signing request. As we mentioned earlier, the condition is currently pending because the admin hasn't approved yet. So to continue this workflow, we go on the hub cluster and accept the managed cluster joining request. So if we check the managed clusters again, we can see that the hub is now accepting the managed cluster's request. It's authorized to accept the managed cluster request. It's also authenticated to accept the request because the certificate signing request has now been approved. So after the approval of the registration on the hub, a namespace with the same name of the cluster will be created. And just I mentioned before, when I joined the cluster the first time, I gave it the cluster one name. So I should be expecting a namespace here with the cluster one. So this namespace can be regarded as a container of the resources that agents in a managed cluster can access. By default, the agent on a cluster is only authorized to access certain resource kinds in this namespace on the hub to ensure security isolation. So with these few commands, we were able to bootstrap a hub cluster and then have another cluster join that hub clusters. So after the registration process is done, we can now leverage the APIs that are available by the provided by the open cluster management. So these are some of the APIs that I mentioned earlier. We have the placement, the manifest works, the placement that finds the managed clusters. We have the managed cluster sets for low base control. We have the placement to find those managed cluster sets. And then we have the manifest works that can deliver workload from the hub cluster to the managed cluster. So with these APIs, we'll allow projects to develop new solutions with multi-cluster capabilities or enhance any existing project using these APIs to become multi-cluster aware. So that wraps up the demo as well as the quick introduction to open cluster management. For more information, please visit our website at opencluster-management.io. We're currently in the process of joining CNCF. We have a bi-weekly community meeting that we really encourage you to attend. It's open. Every bi-weekly Thursday, 10.30 Eastern time, anyone can join. You can find the details on the website. You can also find us on the Kubidani Slack channel. The link is on the website as well. Please feel free to download and play with the cluster admin to the iDemo that we demoed. Or if you're only interested in inserting API, please feel free to check out any projects that are under the GitHub open-cluster-management-io. Thank you again for attending this session. Okay, I have seen some questions or at least one question from Q&A. I'm not sure why I can't type in it, but I'm just going to answer it in audio. Ocm is not focusing on the provisioning of the clusters. Even though we have integration that allows that, we're focusing on more, I guess, day two operation. So once you have your cluster created, you're allowed to bootstrap it and register any Kubidani's clusters and shouldn't be at any issues. It's not tied down to AWS or any other cloud providers. I also have with me my colleague Q-Jan from Red Hat. If he's requesting audio share, please accept the request. Thank you. And he can answer some of the other questions as well over here. Yeah, Q-Jan, we can see you. I want to expand on that question or answer. Q-Jan, feel free. Yes, thank you. Yeah, that's right. It's not about provisioning the cluster. It's more about managing the cluster and more about the day two operations. It looks like we have another question in the chat. Does Ocm support other clusters besides K8s? Can I be able to hook up something like K3s and have it work with the K8s cluster? Yes, it works with K3s. We actually internally did some tasks with K3s already. So basically any clusters that is compatible with a Kubernetes CPS server can be supported by Ocm. All right. Thank you for that response. I guess to add on to that. Okay, we have another question. How does it relate to efforts to run cluster management outside of the cluster like Hypershift? I think it's a little bit different. Hypershift is the architecture of the Hypershift is that you run the control plan also on the centralized control plan. But I mean the clusters control plan on the centralized control plan, and then you'll have the worker node that link to the control plan. So Ocm is a bit different that there is no... You don't really need a cluster control plan run centralized. You can have different clusters, not necessarily to be OpenShift. You can have native Kubernetes clusters and other Kubernetes clusters like GKE and AKS. And so the thing is we just have a bunch of agents and some to provide different kind of the functions. And then this agent is going to connect back to the control plan of Ocm. So there will be some difference between this and the Hypershift. Okay, thank you so much. And then I think someone asked, what about KCP? Yes, so I think the... So KCP is still in a very quite early stage. And we are also working with a KCP team, and have some priority to discuss how that KCP can provide a high-level user interface and using Ocm as a back plan to support KCP. So I think KCP is more that you can define different logical clusters and each logical cluster could provide a transparent API for the user to deploy a workload to the multi-clusters. But Ocm is different focus. Ocm focuses more on how to make things multi-cluster aware. Like you can use Ocm as a foundation to make other tools to be multi-cluster aware like Sabrina or Argo CD or other things. Other projects can integrate with Ocm to make them more easily to manage multi-cluster. All right, thank you so much for that response. Thank you. How easy would it be to have a database in one cluster reference another or reference an application in another cluster? So I think the question here is if you have a database on one cluster and the front end on another cluster, how do we reference a database on another cluster? So actually in Ocm we have integration with Sabrina, and we can use Ocm to deploy the Sabrina which provides the network connectivity among the clusters. And then Sabrina there is a feature called MCS API that you can build the cross-cluster service discovery. In that way in one cluster front end applications you actually can access the database on another cluster using a certain name, certain service name based on MCS API. So would this functionality be provided out of the box? Yes. Okay, cool. Thank you. We only have a minute left. I just want to say thank you O1 for attending. Please check out our website at open-cluster-management.io. Thank you. And thank you to Jen for joining and answering some tough Q&As. Thanks. Thank you. Thank you so much Jen and Mike for this awesome talk.


Jesse doesn't just have a farming background, but he also spent a lot of time at SDSU and I think it's relevant for him to tell that story. Yeah, so I, you know, I worked on at SDSU from about, I started part-time when I was 16 and 94 and I worked there basically full-time all the way through till 2014. And I had a lot of jobs over the years working on different breeding programs and crop performance testing. But my last job where I got into the soil health was with Dr. Sexton. Of course I got in contact with Dwayne Beck and then we were part of the SARA program, which is the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, where we flew around the country and went to all these different soil health events. And saw a lot of interesting things, met a lot of very interesting people. But what put me in a unique position was I would, we would go to these meetings, but then we would come back to South Dakota and actually do the experiments and then we would watch these experiments progress as the summer went by. And I have to admit I was a little bit of a skeptic at first, but after seeing the difference that this makes, I was just sold on it and I brought it home to the farm. Just to give you one example, in 2013 we did a, there was a grazing study that was done. It wasn't my study, but I helped out a little bit with it. But we put, we planted oats into some soybean stubble and they put up a poly wire and they mob grazed it. And then what they did is behind the cattle they went through after they ate the oats down and then they put in a warm season mix and by the time that when the cattle got to the end of the plot they brought them back and ran them through a second time. And the gains worked out really well. It actually worked out is a really good system. But the next year, Peter and I were driving down to work one morning and he said to me, I want you to go out into this one plot where we had the cattle last year, I want you to take some notes.  I was really curious as to what I was supposed to be looking for. And as I walked into the plot I found two perfect rectangles of just pure solid weeds. And it was all grass weeds. And so I went and I told Peter what I'd saw and he told me, yeah, he says, what you're seeing is where we fenced it off and didn't allow the cow trap to go through but we hate it. So the cattle basically ran through the rest of the field and mob grazed and they weren't allowed to travel through this and where the cattle weren't allowed to travel, this isn't corn. Sorry, I'd say that, it's a roundup corn. It was just pure weeds and it was clean as can be where the cattle had grazed. And so we took a saw penitrometer and took penitrometer ratings just to see if there was any compaction. And there was basically all non-significant, there was no compaction whatsoever. And after that I've become a believer in this stuff. And there's something to all this. And we took biomass as well and there was 1,100 pounds of weed biomass where the cattle hadn't grazed and then basically nothing where they did graze. So that's just one component of the system and it's amazing the difference that it makes. What was unique about mixing goats and cattle together that I noticed, the cattle will eat certain things and not others and the goats will slick up the rest. We actually watched the goats eat bullfistle.