Okay, I'm gonna clean up the lens, I'm gonna get started. All right, what's up everyone? Today's Monday, today's YouTube Live Day. So I wanna kinda talk about, as the title of the video says, about black swans, sector plays, sympathy plays, all this stuff because that's actually my best setup, right? So we've been in a market right now, guys. As I'm recording this, it's on May 23rd, 2022. Market has changed, man. Market is not easy right now. What was working the last couple of years is not working anymore. You must adapt to the new market cycle that is happening or you will be left in the dust. And we almost took for granted how easy training was the last couple of years. It was very, there was a lot of dumb money, uneducated money entering the market. So it was very easy to make money, right? And now that the market has changed, it's become significantly more difficult to make money. Now, it doesn't mean it's impossible to make money. We're still making money every single day but it's not as fluid as it once used to be. So we've been in a market cycle now where large cap stocks are selling off and small cap stocks are not moving. Small cap stocks, the stocks that we trade, stocks between a dollar and $10, they move basically based on hype and catalyst. So when the overall markets are tanking, when there's not much speculation, money coming into the market, the stocks that we trade, there's not as an abundance of them anymore. You know, last year or two years ago, we would get five, 10, 15, 20 stocks moving in a day. Now we're lucky if we're even getting one or two, right? So it just means that you have to be a little bit more selective. So today this morning, I woke up and I saw SIGA. So SIGA was a stock that was running on Thursday that trapped on Friday. And today gapped up pretty big, right? Gapped up from like $12 to like $17. And this stock is moving on the monkeypox, whatever the hell is going on, right? So it's been a very long time since we had a sector play, sympathy play or an overall short squeeze. The last time we had some sort of sector play was the oil stocks.  And obviously they went crazy. INDO went from like five to 70, right? So those are the type of stocks, those are the type of setups that I make the most money on. Excuse me. I make the most money on those stocks because that fits my personality. That fits the type of trading that I like. That's just basically the type of stuff that I've refined and I've gotten really good at. BOW is a very good channel trader. If there's a channel, he makes money from the channel. Whereas me, I like to make money on these big overall sector sympathy type things. So that's just what I'm good at, right? I'm good at those plays, BOW's good at those plays and together we help each other improve, right? And that's how I might see started. So anyway, the point is guys these stocks are the stocks that I like to make the most money on. So I get very excited, right? I get very excited when we see an opportunity to be able to make money on these stocks. And I have a process, right? I have a process for when I see these stocks moving. My process includes not over-trading pre-market so that I am not exhausted by the open.   And then when I come back to the screens, that's when I see that, hey, there might be an opportunity. So something like SIGA that was moving pretty aggressively pre-market up today. I thought to myself, you know what? It's been a very long time since we had a sector play. It's been a very long time since we had a hot, crazy multi-day runner. So why don't I try long on this stock? And that's totally fine. So basically I told myself, all right, I'm gonna go long on the dip around 15, 20. And if it breaks the 14, 90 support, I'm gonna get out. That's it. So that's exactly what I did. I went long at 15, 20. Stock broke support. I got out at 14, 90. And the stock tanked all the way down to $11. So I lost $1,000. Worst case scenario, if that was gonna, if that, if I didn't do that, I probably lost 10, $15,000, right? So I made a plan, I followed it. Turns out that I was wrong. That's fine. It happens in trading.  So I guess I have to be able to adapt a little bit better, right?  If this stock, if this hot stock, like SIGA, is just gonna tank out of the open, I can't just sit there and wait. You know what I'm saying? Oftentimes in the past, guys, what happened is you chase a stock, you short into weakness, it ends up rebounding and teleporting and you end up getting stuck. So I've been stuck so many times chasing weakness on the stock that I didn't do it. So I didn't even make a plan for it. So today SIGA was a sector sympathy, sector run type play, and it just tanked. It's very rare that a stock like that, that's extremely easy to borrow. That's a multi-day runner, just freaking tanks, right? So it's very impossible to predict. In the stock market, we play a game based on probability, right? So in the stock market, our probability is based on the patterns that we see. So if there is a pattern that every single time a stock is a first red day, right? That's a strategy, it's a pattern, it's a setup. And you know that there's a 95% chance that if a stock goes red, it's gonna end up tanking. Well, you know that based on probability, the last 55 times that a stock went red on a first red day setup, it tanked. Maybe out of that sample size of 55, maybe five of those didn't end up working out and that's 10% of it not working out, right? So on something like today where SIGA just tanked and tanked and tanked and tanked and tanked and tanked, that was the 10% probability that the stock didn't follow the strategy, the stock didn't follow the setup, the stock didn't do what I thought it did.  It doesn't mean that I'm gonna go change my process. It doesn't mean that I did something wrong. Trading is not a 100% probability game.  The other 10%, what are we gonna do, right? So on something like SIGA today, where it opened up at like 15 and tanked all the way to 11, I'm not just gonna short weakness, short weakness, short weakness because what's gonna happen is 90% of the time is gonna bounce off that weakness, right? So why am I trying to deviate? Why am I gonna try to do something different when that's not really what works? What I chalk today up to is the 10% of the time the trade didn't work.  They're gonna say, oh shit, SIGA tanked and I missed it, all I had to do was short weakness and I would be able to nail it. What's gonna end up happening is the next nine times that you do that, the stock is gonna reverse. So just because the stock didn't follow the strategy, just because the stock did the abnormal, the 10% of the probability that it doesn't work, that doesn't mean that the strategy, the setup needs to be changed, needs to be adapted, needs to be adjusted, right? So that's something to remember, guys, is in this market, in this market, I see a lot of people second-guessing themselves. In this market, I see a lot of people over-trading or overdoing it or whatever the hell it may be. And to me, this is not the time to change your strategy, right? Obviously some setups are not working as well as they used to.  This is just a 10% of the time it didn't bounce. So what am I gonna do? Am I gonna attack it? Am I gonna deviate? Am I gonna change my strategy? Or am I gonna say, you know what? Chalk this one up to the 10% of the time it doesn't work. The next nine times that it happens is probably gonna work, right? So does that make sense, guys? So does that make sense? Now, before I get into all this other stuff, I wanna also be mentioning what is a sector play? I kinda got a little bit ahead of myself. What is a sympathy play? So a sector play, a sympathy play, a sector run is when a certain type of stock is getting a lot of media attention and ends up being fueled by hype rather than a catalyst or a PR. So for example, AMC and GameStop was a sector play. They were meme stocks. When we were having COVID, there was a lot of COVID stocks that were moving like crazy, right? When oil was going crazy, there's INDO, INPP. When all the body cam, security cam news was in the headlines with Ferguson, DGLY, ISN, there's all these crazy stocks, guys. There's always some sort of big media coverage type of stock that ends up pouring into our small cap market. And it just so happened that this most recent run was about monkeypox, right? And don't get me wrong, I don't know anything about monkeypox. I don't even know if it's real. I don't even know if it's propaganda, but what matters is the market took it seriously for a little bit and that's what we have to pay attention to. So I got really excited. I was like, damn, this is gonna probably go to 15, 20, 25, 30. And I was like, awesome. Like when that happens, that's gonna be a first red day setup.  And it ended up just tanking right out of the gate. So anyone that made money shorting today on SIGA, that's good, but ask yourself, were you just chasing weakness, chasing, chasing, chasing and building bad habits?  So that was my lesson today. My lesson today was, you know what? This is the 10% of the time that the stock didn't work out of my favor. I chalk it up, I accept it, I move on, right? So that's kind of what happened today for me. I was really excited. I even tried along, right? I even tried along. I even tried to adapt and I even tried to adjust. I tried, I stopped out at $14.90, the stock's at $11.00. So I did pretty freaking good on my exit. But in terms of the overall market action, in terms of everything, it's just kind of disappointing that this stock just tanked. It's kind of disappointing that it didn't really give us an opportunity to short it. And you know what? Maybe tomorrow's a new day. Maybe there's a PR that's gonna come out. Who knows what's gonna happen. But tomorrow's a new day, guys. So I'm not trying not to get too discouraged because I want these stocks to run. People don't understand that we thrive in a bull market. We thrive in a bull market even when we're shorting because the stocks are so exaggerated to the upside. When a stock is so exaggerated to the upside, it's also exaggerated to the downside.  Sure, we're making money, but we thrive in a bull market because the stocks are so abnormal. It's so extreme, so extreme to the upside, which makes it extreme to the downside. So does that make sense, guys? So today, losing day for me lost like $1,000, whatever, it's scratch day, but what I did well is I didn't really get into trouble. What I did well is I didn't really get trapped. What I did well is I just chalked it up, right?  This is 10% of the time, it doesn't work, and that's okay, because that's trading, and nothing's 100%. So do you guys have any questions before we move on? Any questions, guys? This is your opportunity to get on here and ask me some questions. How do you deal with leaving money on the table? If you left money on the table, that means you made money, right? If you're getting upset about leaving money on the table, probably means that you're too greedy, so look at it through another lens of instead of feeling like you're greedy, be happy that you're freaking green, man, right? Do I ever short hard to borrow stocks? Yes, obviously, most of the stocks I short are hard to borrow. When you say you don't wanna chase weakness, are you implying only short on the pops once it goes green? Well, think of it as like a bouncing ball, right? Every time the bouncing ball bounces, the bounce is less potent, right? It's less potent, so for me, I don't wanna short on the way down mostly, right? The only time I short into extreme weakness is when I short a first red day, and this stock was so extremely deviated, right? Extremely deviated, I did not feel comfortable chasing this on weakness. I want a bounce to short into because what ends up happening is you always wanna short into resistance, and you always wanna cover support.   Can you explain where your lines were to short the pop? Obviously, guys, I was just waiting for some sort of VWAP pop, I was waiting for some sort of VWAP rejection, and it didn't really get there, so it didn't really happen. How to work on sizing up officially doubled my account today. So if you officially doubled your account today, congrats, wire out some money, put it into your bank account. How do you size up? You wait for your best setups only. So if you know that your best setup is a first red day, you only size in on a first red day. If your best setup is a first bounce setup, that's the only stock that you size in on. Oftentimes what ends up happening is people size in on every single stock, but every single stock does not have the same edge, so for example, something like SIGA. SIGA, first red day, I wanna use monster size, whereas something like VERU is not really a first red day, so I'm not gonna use the same size that I use. So only use maximum size, only size up on your best setups only. If you don't know what your best setup is, you gotta go back and track your trades and see which trades you make the most money on. When do you get your locates? First thing in the morning, or do you wait until you're ready to short? If a stock is extremely hard to borrow, I locate extremely early, but if a stock is not really hard to borrow, I locate a starter and then I just get more as I need it. If you're covering a few parts of your first cover, where would your first cover be? It would be as support. Always cover as support, guys. Don't set arbitrary numbers. So let's say for example, stock is at $5. I think the stock is gonna go to $2, so I'm gonna cover at two. That's not how it works. You don't make the plan. The market decides what's gonna happen. So if you see support at $4.50, cover as $4.50 because that's support. Your target does not matter to the market. I short at resistance and I cover at support. I short at resistance, I cover at support. I short at resistance, I cover at support. Do you only use VWAP candles and volume as indicators? Yep, keep it simple. When you say max size, but if you are on the front side, the max size is 30%, right? If a stock is above VWAP, yes, 30% of your max size. So the markets have changed, guys. The markets are definitely very difficult. I see a lot of people not really making much money in this market because they're refusing to adapt, but we're over here every single day coming on here. We're over here trying to educate you guys as much as we can every single day. You know, some days are amazing, some days are not, but truth be told, today was just a choppy day. Today was just an annoying day. I wish that there was more opportunity today, but we are in a bear market where 90% of traders are not making money right now, so, hey. I think I'm gonna wrap it up here, guys. I like to keep these videos short and sweet because if I make these long videos, no one ends up watching them, so if you have any questions that I didn't answer, feel free to leave a comment in the video, and I'm the guy that personally answers all these questions. If you are an MIC member and you have a question, feel free to direct message me, but, yeah, today's just an annoying day, man. That's all it is. Today's an annoying day.   I'm not gonna change everything just because one stock didn't do what I thought I did. Trading is not 100%. Trading is pretty much 90% if you have the right strategy, and this is the 10% of the time. It just didn't work out. So, hopefully you guys learned something. I will see you guys during tomorrow, Bow's Instagram Live on instagram.com slash myinvestingclub, so.


Yeah, I think of my own life and I look back at the parable of David and then In the mid-1980s I started to get all have these very powerful spiritual experiences And then the course came into my life in 86 and then for two and a half to three years I was just reading it for like eight hours a day and totally merging with it and Not knowing another course student or groups or anything just going into a merge with Jesus with the course eight hours a day with it and so on and so forth and then and then when I popped out of that phase I was Shown course groups and I went from knowing no one in my whole area to study the course to going to five groups a week In and it all happened very rapidly Then the next thing that happened was the Holy Spirit Jesus started speaking through me at the course groups with with authority Not you know like reading a line or something David reading a line it was coming through I was in such alignment with it that it would just come pouring through and Then on the ride home from the course groups then ego would have a field day. What did you say? Who do you think you are to speak those words?  What if somebody commits suicide? Based on what you just said back there in the group and you know, these are the kind of things on the ride home It was really intense. I'd show up there.  Who what is he just going to a group? And who are you to teach this? Who are you to even say that? You know, it was really hammering away It was quite threatened by this new use of speak through me Lord It was extremely threatened by that and yet, you know, that was part of the whole mind training I ended up going to like five groups a week And then I went to this one very large group of course students. It was sometimes between 20 and 35 people there very well established for many years. They had no facilitator No group facilitator. They just have been going up for years and no facilitator So they would go around and each read a paragraph of course groups and then when somebody would have a question There would just be this pause of opening like could somebody help with this question or very practical question The Holy Spirit would just come right up and then the same thing would happen Then the pause question Holy Spirit would come right out and answer. It was almost like the spirit was like I'm here I'm available and here's it would be very to the point very extremely helpful answers to whatever question came so this went on for weeks and then months and then If somebody was filming the group they would watch around read read read read question Then all the heads and the whole group would turn over to the body of David for the answer It was just just a way that the group unfolded because the clarity was so strong It was just coming through and you had better believe that their ego was Was going to do a number on this like what where are you taking these people? Who do you think you are? You are not the teacher of this group. It doesn't even have a facilitator How dare you you know it was the ego was very threatened by This use by this real clear use of for my mind training and for everyone's it was coming through that way so that is not uncommon that that you start to practice this study this and then you find yourself like in a psychology class even and you are You know not you're somewhat hesitant to To speak out these things and yet you do from time to time and then you start getting positive or very helpful reflections and witnesses back and That is what the ego will do because you're on your way To your function to actually fulfilling your function Of being a miracle worker. That's the beginnings of it and the ego is so threatened about where this is heading Because if you go if you do get into your miracle working And you devote at least stay with it then the ego is out of business Do you think that's threatening to the ego? It's extremely threatening and that's what's going on, you know, even though some of your past conditioning would say You know, this is not so good


We are going to use this proformer as our lesson plan and we are going to fill one out as though we were planning for an actual lesson. So we start off with some basic information about the class, so the name of the teacher, date and time and the class level. In this particular case our class is going to be an elementary class and the room will be room 3. Having looked through the registers we see that the expected number of students for this particular class is going to 10. This will help us in creating our worksheet copies. The context of the lesson for this class is going to be present continuous tense and it may well be the first time that this particular level of class has been introduced to this tense. So our focus is going to be fairly general and it's going to look at actions that are happening around now. The teaching aids is basically anything that we bring to the lesson that will help us to teach it. So we know that in our study phase we're going to be using some worksheets and during the activate phase we're going to be doing an activate activity. So here we can fill in worksheets and activate activity. Then we've got our learner objectives and personal aims. If you remember the learner objectives are what we are hoping the students are going to be able to do after the lesson has been taught. So we're hoping that by the end of this lesson the students are going to be able to both recognise and to be able to use the present continuous tense. The personal aims for my particular lesson are that I'm going to improve upon a couple of things which are both my board work and my elicitation techniques from the students. A couple of anticipated problems for the students, pronunciation first of all and secondly using the present continuous tense in a real context. Anticipated problems for the teacher. I'm afraid that I may get drawn away from the actual lesson plan itself so following the sequence of the lesson. And the solutions to both of these for pronunciation as we've mentioned would be drilling. And for the students using the tense in context that would be part of our activate activity. And one of the things I can make sure that they can do to overcome this particular problem is to have a strong study phase. By having that strong study phase I can check that the students do understand this particular tense and its context before they actually try to use it. For the anticipated problems for the teacher following the sequence of the lesson again is to have my plan available throughout the lesson.


So here we have the Blea Top right here with Azindo. Hello. Hello. So who are you? I am Eric from Azindo. And what are you showing here? I am showing some product working with BLE sorry it's a blow to slow energy. So there are many products to help life easy life. And those are all different ones? Yeah no there is four kinds. Four kinds. Okay. Which one are we looking at here? Okay. So this one is for it's a vibrating width band to make you wake up alone. Nobody will be wake up only you. All right. So it's very thin light so you can sleep with it? Yeah you can sleep with it.  Also it can be a reminder for the pills. For the what? Pills. Pills yeah. Okay if you have to take pills three or four times a day you just register the time and you have a signal to tell you a vibrating signal to tell you you have to take the pills. This one is for the kids. It is anti-safe water. So I can show you if the kids fall in the water sorry it's already wet. I just I just close it I have to close it. Okay is the new iPhone? Yeah I don't like the iOS 10. Yeah it doesn't work on Android too. Okay so now you have the apps working yeah and if you fall in the water you make a signal on the parents phone. All right does it work on Android? Android? iOS? Android? Both. Yes Android. Yes yes sorry. All right and then you have an old finder for the keys. Yeah a key finder yeah sorry. Yeah you have a key finder and you have a panic button working all working with BLE Bluetooth low energy. So one of these uh hey one of these is what's it called uh you click and then it goes to an alarm yeah okay through the app. Yeah Android you have the apps or you can uh you can uh I show you the apps register a message you can register contacts uh and uh they give you your position and send to someone someone you want. All right cool how much do they cost all these? All these are around uh between 29 and 30 euro retail price. Are they for sale already? Not now soon. So you're looking for distributor in all over the world? Yes. All right and there's a good profit for the distributor in this solution? Yes it should be yeah. So they should be happy to just promote this very much. They can put their brand but it has to be your brand. Yes it can be open put their brand yeah it's open. How long is the battery life? Battery life depends on the products between one year to one month depends on the product like for children it's it will be one month to get very good uh connectivity and for this one for wake-up clock depends on how you use it. If you use it every morning it should be two months.


So my name is Alex Nasonov. I'm a member of the NetBSD project. So I worked on, you know, I work on the kernel side, like my biggest project was BPFjit, and also I added AAS XTX disk encryption to NetBSD. I also maintain a dozen packages and package source, I think several lower packages and some random packages like Walgrain. Even though it does run on NetBSD, it runs on Linux and package source is a multi-platform package management system. So, yeah, it can run on Linux. So I maintain non-official mirror which is hosted on Tor. It's called package source by Dj for the, you know, Dotonian, where you can download these files. Yeah, I had to run some special program to guess, you know, to pick a good name for it. So you can download these files, you know, source tables from there, or you can install binary packages for NetBSD. For all architectures, you know, I basically mirror some German mirror of NetBSD of French, I don't remember, but it's complete, you know, a mirror of packages for NetBSD, but not for... I also became a contractor recently, I live in London, and I work on latency high-performance software, DC++ assembly and low agit. It's probably not... It has nothing to do with this package management, but I often... Well, I use my package source all the time.  Package source allows you to install unprivileged builds, so I don't have to have a root. And they eventually grow to like, you know, 200, 300 packages, just my local packages for my convenience. So, yeah, also build mini-compilers and domain-specific languages. Yeah, like, it's a lot of fun to generate assembly on the fly and, you know, execute it. Yeah, so, and this is my, you know, I have two kids and I ask them to draw a picture how they, you know, understand the tour. And this, you know, this is my daughter's picture. She thinks, oops, I keep pressing the wrong buttons. She thinks it's you in the middle of the tour and you connect to those nodes, blue rectangles or squares, which is internet or clear net. And the idea of the tour is this is you in the middle, the client, and instead of connecting to your website, you want to, you know, you want to connect to directly, you go through hopes and there are three hopes. Your guard entry point, middle relay and your exit and your exit and when you connect or when you send traffic to those nodes, it's encrypted multiple times and each node decrypt one layer. So, that's why it's called the tour, you know, the onion router. Each node peels off one layer of encryption and each node knows about where the traffic came from, where it's going to but because there are more than two nodes or three nodes, it does know a final destination. It only knows about, you know, two neighbors and that's it. So, this is if you want to connect to clear net or internet, you, you know, you go through three hopes in the tour network but if you want to connect to hidden service like my packages, bad, DJ, blah, blah, blah, dot onion, instead of going to a website, you go to a rendezvous point and this is where your client meets with a server, with that hidden service. So, both parties connect to rendezvous points through, you know, they go through hopes and then this is where they meet and this guarantees privacy while maintaining real-time characteristics of the tour network. And the next picture is by my son.  Yeah, so this one, this slide was, I decided to finish it, you know, at the very last moment but instead of putting all this, you know, my thoughts together I spent all this morning troubleshooting some interesting problem because I want to give you a live demo and I couldn't, you know, I couldn't do it in the morning but hopefully it will work. So it's not very organized, this one.  If you use HTTPS they see a connection from your endpoints to your website but they don't know a content of it but they still see sizes of your downloads they can guess, you know, which package you are downloading and also the things called Middlebox is essentially some companies can buy a certificate a value certificate specifically to sell products which intercept HTTPS traffic because this thing is HTTPS is centralized it's possible to, and it's quite common in corporate environments to have Middleboxes which listens to your interceptor traffic and, you know, because you're not going to check like every time, you know, you're not going to open your, you know, a long list of certificates and check whether, you know, to which particular certificate you use and whether it's good or not so good. So, yeah, that's essentially man-in-the-middle attack they can not only intercept well, yeah, interception is a bit different but it's passive but they can also send a different traffic ensure some, themselves in the middle and send a different traffic like a different version of software besides it's observable my friend suggested to host a mirror like, you know, instead of downloading only packages you're interested in he suggested downloading the whole thing like 20 gigabytes of packages or whatever and then install what you need but if you do RC it's also incremental and they can observe deltas and stuff like that so it would be nice to hide your activity from whoever is watching so, yeah, this gives you anonymity you, you know, when you connect through three nodes if they are not, like if they cannot be all absorbed like if it's not, like if it's some local enemy whatever, you know, you are fighting with then if they don't control the whole network of the world then it's very hard to track because you jump through hopes and also if you don't load something from a hidden service, hidden service cannot be you know, the name itself is a proof that is a proof of identity so when you create a hidden service it creates a private key and the name of that service is derived from a private key and if you know the name it's a proof that whoever is behind on the other end owns the private key and if you can trust the security of the private key you can trust your connection because end-to-end encrypted multiple times yeah, I think that's it unfortunately I wanted to, I think to put something else here but yeah, I spent a lot of time troubleshooting so prior art, so there are on Debian you can install this up-transporter package and also some derivatives I'm shortly going to mention Tails which, you know, which comes with this software pre-installed and pre-configured to download everything via Tor and on other Debian if they have this package you can just add I'm sorry, I don't use Debian, I don't use Linux I don't know much about it but I think that's pretty much it if you want to connect over Tor or manage packages over Tor then I think that's probably the only option available to you and one thing to note is that it requires non-standard Tor plus HTTP scheme or protocol in here it's probably something simple, I've not looked at it but, you know, usually you, you know if you have a non-standard scheme here then you expect some special handling for it somewhere in your stack so ideally it should be HTTP HTTP because you can trust HTTP over Tor because the names themselves are proof of identities and this is not centralized, it's decentralized so what is package source? package source is cross-platform package management system it runs on NetBSD where it came from it runs on Linux and I use it because, you know, I've used it for about a modern decade you know, at Dejo and Mac OS, I tried it it worked, but I don't use Mac FreeBSD and OpenBSD, otherBSDs Solaris and it works on Windows and historically I think it worked on I forgot the name, it was unique services for Windows or something like that but these days you can install Ubuntu and this is what I did, my presentation is based on this setup, on Windows so this Windows, which is quite unusual for me because I bought it only a few months ago to one particular task but when I discovered Ubuntu it became so much fun I can just keep using it, I guess so yeah, what you need to start managing packages over Tor you need Ubuntu on Windows or you can use Tel's Live CD I tried both, but I used Windows for the presentation, you use Tor browser basically you, from the Tor browser you only need a Soxbox but because it's on Windows it's much easier to just launch a Tor browser which will give you proxy and then you can do your stuff instead of trying to find download the service which provides a proxy maybe it exists, but I I'm not bothered, I just use Tor browser and a nice side effect, if you use Tor browser you can, if you close the Tor browser all your connections will close and you can check whether you're connected via Tor or not so you also need to understand basics of package source there you can go to packagesource.org and read the guide, this is what I did long time ago I just read the whole thing to understand what it's capable of and how to work with it so you need to prepare your host because you're not doing it on NetBSD you're doing it on something else like Linux, Ubuntu, Windows you need to download some compilers, libraries not many, just a couple of libraries and then you need to clone package source over Tor then bootstrap to create a minimal working package source system then build essential packages and then build other packages yeah, and then you can, once you build all packages you can host your binary packages on the hidden service and then you can download and update your binary package download over that hidden service your binary packages, this is what I do I have a server at home which builds packages for my notebook not this one, because this one is on Windows my other notebook and for my Tor relay and my main web server DNS server and soon mail server it's all updated over Tor from my server in my house I don't even need an external IP for that so yeah, you need for first you need, well it's a good idea to update your host environment first if you do it on Tails it will already download everything over Tor on Windows it will be visible but you know it's not the end of the world so then you can install essential packages like GCC compiler C++ compiler and Encourages development because it needs some header files and stuff yes, it's a concurrent version control system it's very old, don't laugh at me there was a talk York gave a talk you know earlier today about migrating to something else but it works and then you can you need to install some package some you need some tool to download your source star balls and you need a tool to connect to a source proxy so this too gives you those two abilities so yeah, in order to start using CVS or anything else that connects to SSH or including SSH itself you need to add a special proxy command to your SSH config file, it can be global or local in this case it's a local file and it's only for you know, wildcard.netBSD.org and for all audience services and when you want to connect one of those hosts it will pipe your your traffic will go through this tool which will connect to this source port this is what the browser uses by default and it will connect to your hosting port it's on Ubuntu on Tails you can use NetCAD and actually I don't think you need to do anything on Tails because they already have this command it's a bit different minus X source proxy version 5 so yeah, you can now that you set up your SSH you can clone and this for those of you who think that CVS is old, so this is really old when I first started using CVS two decades ago this command was already archaic because no one used SSH anymore everyone used SSH at that time so and then you can export CVS route and then you can check out package source, it will take a while and if you want to check whether it's don't want it over, you can just close the top browser it will terminate this program immediately because it's connecting over the top if you have a github account you can use this why do you need to have a github account because it will use CVS or SSH, sorry, this will use SSH and if you try to do load via HTTPS here, then it will you will need not the source proxy, you will need HTTP proxy which we don't have at the moment so yeah, next step is bootstrap and package source so you are going, after the installation you will have the main configuration file called mk.conf and you can actually specify parts of it, important parts of it before you start building bootstrap start a bootstrap process and you can specify make jobs run for jobs in parallel generate external host dependencies try to build self-contained system update target depends target, it's when you every time you make manually type make package package install it will also create binary packages for all dependencies and this one is when you do make update manually it will also create binary packages for everything, which is handy because you want binary packages to later update on a different host for example so package source not required but it's handy for some tools and this is important, you say fetch using this tool and use source proxy on your local host listening on this port and every time you do load it will connect through the source proxy I put this one because you cannot so ideally you should use you know curl from package source but what happens there is a chicken and egg problem when you try to update this package itself and I tried it because there was an update recently of curl package and it failed but you can always if you have a tool installed because you installed it previously then it should work and master site override means every time you need to do load a source star ball first you go to a master site, usually it's like gnu.org or github this is main distribution of a particular package but if you specify this, first it will try to use my onion service to do load over and then if it's not available then it will try other alternatives so this is for very advanced users if you are prepared to deal with problems it's like hardening your system it works on not BSD I think it builds on my windows machine but not everything and I switched I just don't do it I'm not ready to deal with the problems bootstrapping is easy you just go to where you don't load your package source directory you go to the bootstrap type directory and then you do bootstrap unprivileged means you don't everything will be installed under your username you don't need root in this prefix in this directory with this fragment this file I showed you earlier and this one is on some linuxes there is no projects enough I believe you need to specify which works with this script build essential packages package tools digest I don't normally build it because it's available but I think when you specify package source this is like md5 check sums yeah it's probably because it's not available in Ubuntu in my setup so you need md5 check sums it checks the integrity of the file using check sums and then to build it you just do bmake package install it's a good idea to add this path to your path package bin and package sbin but it works without adding it to the path yeah this is well hopefully it will be new and better version this is htp proxy which can connect to your sox proxy which is in your tor browser and this is required for some tools which or for all tools which download binary packages or install binary packages simple web server for hosting your packages it just package check allows you to build a list so you specify a list a long list of packages you want to install then you can do you can say with a single command you say install everything from source it will build everything or you can also say install everything from binary packages on for example in different books and you point to your directory where your packages are hosted and it will download them and build them p bulk it's I used it for a while but I will probably come back to it but I switch back to package check so if you want to build all packages or a lot of packages then you can use it and it's better than package check but it's more difficult to set up package in it's very simple tool which also can be used to do package management over tor it's like apt you can do install remove, update, full upgrade clean I think it's very similar this is just for fun if you want to see dependencies of all your installed packages and you want to visualize them and by the way I built all those packages and I also built lot of packages because I decided to use lot of and build everything on this machine in using packages built with package source so it's all it's set up is quite advanced and it can generate pdf from latex, bima packages so, yeah demo time okay so do you see okay so I have this Ubuntu and every time I close it I think it's like a need process it kills the need process and it kills everything okay and it's it's I think it's clean setup let me check if I still have okay so first let me go through the steps first sorry I'm probably creating a noise because my mic is dropped so yeah first we configure and start a new hidden service then we start a web server to host binary packages and then we remove some packages


being autistic, we have a spiky profile, we have things that we're really good at doing and we can do for ages and we can focus on all day to the point where we forget to eat and drink and, you know, pick up all the tiny details and recognize patterns and create things. But there's just such a, there's a part of life that we may fall down on, which, you know, for me, that could be things around like executive functioning, things like keeping on top of hygiene or cooking or cleaning or, you know, those things as well as within the workplace, things around like organization and communications, you know, there's lots of things that I'm great at that I can do, which, you know, if I would say it was like the product of what I would want to sell to people, like my podcast work and my blogs and stuff. There's so many aspects to running that kind of thing that I'm not so great.


A very good evening aspirants. Now before getting into the news article discussion I have an important announcement for you to know. Tamil Nadu government has made an announcement in the 2023 to 24 budget to aid civil service aspirants. To help aspirants access better coaching facilities and materials Tamil Nadu government is planning to provide cash incentives. As part of this incentive thousand civil service aspirants will be selected every year through a screening test and the selected candidate will be provided Rs 7,500 per month for 10 months to prepare for the preliminary examination. Those students who clear the preliminary examination will be provided a lump sum amount of Rs 25,000. The Tamil Nadu government has allotted 10 crore for this initiative. Tamil Nadu skill development corporation TNSDC will implement a scheme in coordination with Anna staff administrative college. It is a good opportunity for aspirants will update about the screening test when further information about the scheme is made available to the public. So, with this good news we will enter into our news article discussion. Today's date is 22nd of March 2023 displayed here or the list of news articles that we are going to discuss today. For a change today let us start with the quiz question provided in the newspaper. Now look at the quiz questions. Today the 22nd of March is observed as World Water Day by the United Nations. So, a quiz about freshwater resources is given here. Now in this discussion let us try to find the answers for these quiz questions. Let us start with the first question. The question says this is the largest freshwater lake in the world by volume. It is also known for two more parameters. Identify the lake and what are the parameters? See the answer for this question is lake Baikal. Lake Baikal is located in Russian, Siberia. This lake is the world's largest freshwater lake by volume. It is around 22,995 cubic kilometer. This single lake alone contains around 20% of the world's fresh surface water. Additionally lake Baikal is also the deepest and the oldest lake in the world. Now moving on to the second question. Ular Lake is one of the largest freshwater lake in South Asia. A navigation project at the mouth of Ular Lake has been in talks for decades. In which country is the lake situated? What is the name of the project? Now to answer this question look at this map showing the location of Ular Lake. Ular Lake is a freshwater lake located in the Bandipora district of Jammu and Kashmir. This lake is mainly fed by the Jellum river. The navigation project that is mentioned in the question is the Tulbul project. Tulbul project is a navigation lock-cum-control structure at the mouth of Ular Lake. The project was proposed to increase the depth of the lake and make it more navigable. Remember Ular Lake is the largest natural lake in India okay. Now moving on to the next question. Kajera near Barongo, Mavogo and Rukarara are the headwaters of this lake. The source of one of the two main tributaries of the river is Lake Tana and the other has been in dispute. Identify the river. Now look at this map showing the location of Lake Tana. Lake Tana is a freshwater lake located in Ethiopia. This lake is the source of the river Blue Nile. It is one of the main tributaries of the river Nile. Blue Nile joins the river White Nile at Kartau, Sudan. So the answer for this question is Nile. Now moving on to the next question which is the world's largest freshwater lake. This lake is shared by four countries which are they. To answer this question look at this map. The longest freshwater lake in the world is Lake Tanganyeka. It is located in the Great African Rift Valley. The four countries bordering the lake are Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi and Tanzania. Also note here that while Lake Tanganyeka is the longest freshwater lake in the world, the longest lake in the world is the Caspian Sea. Don't confuse between the both. Now moving on to the last question. This river is 61 meter long at its longest constant point and has been named the world's shortest river by the Guinness Book of World Records before Guinness eliminated the category named the river in which country does it flow. See the answer for this question is Ro River which is located in Montana, USA. It is the shortest river in the world. This river runs from Gaint Spring to the Musuri River. So that's all regarding this discussion. You can check whether the answers for the question is right or wrong in tomorrow's newspaper. Okay. I hope this discussion helped you to revise a little bit of world map. So these learn the points and let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now look at this editorial article. It is about the keynote speech at the Lanting Forum in Beijing. In this forum, Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs highlighted the recently unveiled Global Security Initiative that is GSI concept paper. Now this GSI is presented as a China-led framework to restore stability and security. As per the Chinese minister, five major pillars for the effective implementation of GSI include mutual respect, openness and inclusion, multilateralism, mutual benefit and a holistic approach. These five principles are projected as China-led framework. But the author is saying that China is acting the exact opposite way of these principles. So in this discussion, we will see how China is acting in the opposite way and why China is propagating these principles all of a sudden. Before that, the syllabus relevant to this news article is highlighted here for your reference. You can pass the video and just go through it. First of all, why China is promoting these principles all of a sudden? See as per the author, China's promotion of such principles is timely and critical. If you see the global scenario now, there are ships happening in the international geopolitical landscape. So according to the author, China has two reasons for the promotion of such principles. Firstly, as per author, China wants to compete with United States leadership and dominate US-led concepts and that is why China is promoting GSI now. Secondly, if you see in the context of war, there are many perceptions among developing countries about the West and the war. So by promoting such principles, China wants itself to place in the global arena as an alternative leader. We all know that West and its allies on one side and Russia on the other side were seen as a global power in the past by the developing countries. But now that perception is changing because of the war. So here, China wants to present itself as an alternative leader for the developing countries. Now in my opinion, the China plus one strategy might also be a reason for this propaganda. So what is this China plus one strategy? It is a strategy in which businesses avoid investing solely in China and diversify their businesses into other countries. Now this is done to mitigate the economic and geopolitical risk associated with the forum. Now the West is promoting this China plus one strategy to counter its dominance. So because of that also, China might have promoted this propaganda. So now coming back, even though these might be the reasons according to the author, China is just promoting these principles and in reality they are not following it. Now let us see why the author is saying like this. See as per the author, China's recent track record of external engagement is the exact opposite of GSI principle. What is the first principle of GSI? It is mutual respect, right? This principle centers on the need for countries to follow United Nations Charter and international law. Following international laws will facilitate relations based on mutual trust and respect for each other's sensitivities. Now the question is, is China following this principle? No, I will tell you why. Firstly, China has disregarded the confidence building measures and bilateral agreements with India regarding the border dispute. And by doing this, China has undermined India's territorial integrity and sovereignty. Secondly, in the recent years, China has increased its assertive maneuver in the South China Sea. This was done by militarizing the disputed maritime territory at the expense of the sovereignty and sovereign rights of China's Southeast Asian neighbors. Here sovereign rights means exclusive economic zone rights. So here also China has disregarded the UN clause that is United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This is because China's assertive military intrusion will block the access to exclusive economic zone for the neighboring countries. So these are the reasons why author is saying that China is not following the principle of mutual respect. Now let us see the second principle which is openness and inclusion. See China violates this principle by engaging in exclusionary policies in the East and South China Seas. The principle is talking about inclusion. But the actions of China in Taiwan and South China Seas indicates China's narrowly defined interest to consolidate its sphere of influence in the region. Now the third principle is multilateralism. It focuses on bilateral and multilateral security cooperation and consultation to address issues of concern. Here we can say that China plays a prominent role in various multilateral institutions like SEO, BRICS, UNSC etc. But on the other side it is constraining members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nation that is Asia from perceiving collective action against Beijing's wish. China is also delaying the establishment of code of conduct for the South China Sea. This is because China has claims in the South China Sea. So it is stopping other countries from perceiving their rights. So here the author's question is how China is promoting the principle of multilateral cooperation when it is not ready to acknowledge the claims of neighboring countries. Here only China knows the answer for this. Now the fourth principle is mutual benefit. It involves positive cooperation where the parties involved will equally benefit. Here author is quoting the example of China's Belt and Road Initiative. According to the author, it is a much needed cooperative framework. This is because there is significant infrastructure deficit in the developing countries. But here China violates the principle of mutual benefit by funding unsustainable projects for countries with low or non-existing credit ratings. So the result is depth burdens of these countries. Moreover China insisted on receiving a larger share in its bid for a joint exploration of resources with Manila in Philippine waters. This is not mutual benefit right. This is self benefit. Now the last principle is holistic approach. What is the meaning of holistic? Whole right. So in the global order holistic approach means involving all countries to eliminate the traditional and non-traditional security threats. But here also the record is against China. According to the author, China's rise in the transitional multipolar international system has resulted in power competitions with established great powers the receivers and raising great powers which is India. So the author's concern is rather than being holistic, China's engagements with these powers indicate a more narrowly defined goal for its power interest. According to this, China itself is the reason for insecurity in the recent years. China's lack of accountability ranges from COVID-19 pandemic to arming terror groups like in Myanmar. Therefore the author is saying that China's GSI is far from being a sustainable, equitable and transparent solution to the growing insecurity that the world is facing now. Rather the GSI indicates China's attempt to counter U.S. leadership through narratives. These are all some of the takeaway points from this news article discussion. Make note of all the points. I see this editorial as a comprehension of all the points that can support your argument in the main censor. Again, these are personal views of the author, so use it wise. So with these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now take a look at this news article displayed here. It talks about the steps taken by three states to stop illegal sand mining taking place in National Chambal Sanctuary which is located in the tri-tension of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. They said sanctuary is home to the critically endangered species called garyals. The habitat of garyal is threatened by the illegal sand mining taking place along the National Chambal Sanctuary. This is why a high-level meeting was conducted in Jaipur regarding the issue of illegal mining. As a result of this meeting only three states have commenced joint action to stop the illegal sand mining taking place in the National Chambal Sanctuary. So this is the cracks of the news article given here. In this context, let us learn about National Chambal Sanctuary in the problem's perspective. Firstly, as I already said, National Chambal Sanctuary is located in the northern border of Madhya Pradesh with some parts of the sanctuary extending in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The National Chambal Sanctuary is located right on the Chambal river which is a right bank tributary of the Emuna river. Now let us see a few points regarding the Chambal river. See the Chambal river originates in the Vindian ranges of Madhya Pradesh. It then flows northwards into Rajasthan before forming the boundary between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. The tributaries of Chambal river includes Shipra, Kali Sindh, Banas, Parbati, Gamer and etc. The Chambal river basin is famous for its bad land topography. The topography here is characterized by undulating floodplains, huge gullies and ravines. So this is about the Chambal river. Now coming back to National Chambal Sanctuary, the three important endangered species living in the National Chambal Sanctuary are Garial, Red Crowned Roof Turtle and the Gangetic Dolphins. Other large threatened inhabitants of the Sanctuary include Mugger Crocodile, Smooth Coated Otter, Striped Hina and Indian Wolf. Also know that National Chambal Sanctuary is listed as an important bird area. So this is all about the National Chambal Sanctuary and about the river Chambal. Make note of all the points and revise it once before the preliminary examination. So these learned points now let us move to the next news article discussion. Now look at this text and context article. Recently the Kerala government announced that the state's first ways to energy project would be set up in Kohli code. The government plans to set up the ways to energy plant in two years and it is expected to have a power generation capacity of six meha watts. So this is what the article is talking about. The article covers the basics about ways to energy plant, how it functions, its advantages, the challenges in running a ways to energy plant and the steps that can be taken to address the challenges. So as part of the discussion we will see all of these points in detail. Before that the syllabus relevant to this news article is highlighted here for your reference. You can go through it. Firstly what is a ways to energy plant? The name itself is actually self-explanatory. It converts waste to useful energy. To be little elaborate ways to energy plant or facilities that convert various types of waste like municipal solid waste, biomass and industrial waste into usable forms of energy. Now look at this picture. This is your typical waste to energy plant. Here the waste is burnt to produce heat. This heat energy is used to generate steam. This steam is used to turn a turbine which in turn produces electricity. Now let us see the step by step process that is involved in the working of ways to energy plants. First step involves the collection and transportation of waste material to the plant. See these plants use waste as a source of energy. So the collection and transportation of waste materials to the plant is the first step involved in the process. The second step is sorting and pre-processing of the waste. The municipal waste that is used in these plants are not homogeneous. It has different types of waste in it. For example, municipal solid waste in India is 55 to 60 percentage biodegradable organic waste, 25 to 30 percentage non-biodegradable dry waste and around 15 percentage slit stones and drain waste. Here the slit stones and drain waste cannot be burnt and hence cannot be used in the waste to energy plant. The biodegradable organic waste and the non-biodegradable dry waste can be burnt. In this biodegradable organic waste has very low calorific value so it is not economical to use it to run the plant. So these biodegradable organic waste are converted into biomass and organic composite in a biogas plant. Now coming to the non-biodegradable dry waste, the non-biodegradable dry waste contains stuffs like hard plastic, metals, e-waste, low grade plastic, rugs and cloth. In this the hard plastic, metal and e-waste can be recycled and it makes less economic sense to burn them in a waste to energy plant. So the items like hard plastic, metals and e-waste which constitute around 10 to 15 percentage of non-biodegradable dry waste or recycled. The remaining 85 percentage of non-biodegradable dry waste that include low grade plastic, rugs, cloth and other stuffs that cannot be recycled or used as raw materials in these plants. The sorting and pre-processing of the waste is the most important step involved in the process. This is because sorting helps in increasing the calorific value. For example, if we burn 1 kilogram of mixed or pre-sorted Indian waste, it produces 1500 kilocalories of energy. But after sorting the non-biodegradable dry waste and if we burn 1 kilogram of it, it produces 2800 to 3000 kilocalories of energy. This high calorific value of non-recyclable dry waste helps in the efficient functioning of the waste to energy plants. Now moving on, the third step involved is the combustion of the waste in a furnace. The combustion process generates heat and steam. Then in the fourth step, the steam generated in the third step is used to power a turbine or generator. This process produces electricity. Lastly, the ash and residue generated in this combustion process is properly processed. This processed waste is used to fill old landfills. So these are some of the major processes involved in waste to energy power generation plants. Now we will see the advantages associated with running a waste to energy plant. See the first advantage is reduction of landfill space. Waste to energy plants help reduce the amount of waste that end up in landfills. This results in reduction in the need for landfill space, particularly near big cities. Okay? The second advantage is energy production. On one hand, these plants reduce the amount of waste that ends up in the landfill and on the other hand, they generate electric power. This is a win-win situation, right? The electricity generated by these plants can be used to power homes and businesses. This also reduces our country's dependence on electricity generation by fossil fuels. Now lastly, we have the economic benefits. Waste to energy plants can create jobs and provide a source of revenue for the community. When the plants function efficiently, they can also apply for carbon credits. So these are all some of the benefits associated with waste to energy plants. Due to benefits associated with these plants, in India around 100 plants are already constructed. But the thing is that only a few of these plants are actually functioning right now. This is because these waste to energy plants face a number of challenges. Now let us see these challenges associated with waste to energy power generation. First issue is improper segregation at source. As we already saw, only after sorting, the calorific value of the waste increases. But in India, we rarely segregate the waste at source. This makes the sorting process at the power plant very difficult. The second issue is higher power production cost. See, the cost of power produced from these plants is already high. In addition to this, due to improper segregation at source, the sorting process that is done in the power plant makes the process even more costlier. Due to this, the cost of power produced from these plants comes around 7 to 8 rupees per unit. But the cost of power produced from coal, hydro and solar energy comes at around 3 to 4 rupees per unit. Due to this, the state discoms or not purchasing the costly power that is produced by the waste to energy power plants. The third issue is the availability of raw materials. Here, let us see the case of proposed plant in collicoed. The plant is expected to have a power production capacity of 6 MW. Typically, to produce 1 MW of power, the waste of energy plant required 50 tonnes per day of raw material. So, to operate the plant in collicoed at full capacity, it would require around 300 tonnes per day of material. But study shows that collicoed plant could source only 150 tonnes per day of material even when strict segregation practices are followed. So, even in the best case scenario, the plant will only run at half capacity. From this, we can conclude that making sure enough good quality raw material is available for the waste to energy plant is a big issue. Then, there is the issue of environmental concerns. The combination of waste materials can release pollutants into the air and water. This can have negative impacts on human health and the environment. Lastly, public perception on these plants is very poor. This is because the plant have huge pollution potential and impacts the health of people near the plant. So, these are some of the challenges associated with the waste to energy plants. Now, what are the steps that can be taken to address these challenges? Firstly, proper segregation of waste at the source will help the plant in a long way. To ensure proper segregation of waste at the source, door to door collection of municipal waste can be strictly implemented. Secondly, there is no denying that the power produced by these plants are costly. But these plants help in the disposal of municipal solid waste. So, the government can provide some kind of incentives to the discombs to purchase power from these plants. Then, a proper supply chain must be established to ensure that the plant receives sufficient quality raw materials at all times. Lastly, technology like carbon capture can be incorporated into these plants to reduce the pollution potential of the plant. This will also improve the public perception about the plant. So, these are all some of the takeaway points that you have to note from this news article discussion. Actually, waste to energy power generation plants have a lot of potential. If you could address the challenges in the right way, we can reap the benefits of these plants. So, with these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now, have a look at this front page article. It reports about the grant of an IMF bailout package to the country of Sri Lanka. As many of you already know, Sri Lanka is suffering from a severe economic meltdown. It is in this context only, Sri Lanka has previously approached the IMF with a proposal to get a bailout package. After prolonged negotiations and some policy changes by Sri Lankan government, IMF has now granted a loan of $3 billion to the Sri Lankan government under the extended fund facility. So, this is what is given in the news article. In this context, let us learn about what is this extended fund facility of IMF. Now, before seeing about the extended fund facility, let us briefly see about the objectives of IMF. See, the IMF or International Monetary Fund works to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity for all of its 190 member countries. It does so by supporting economic policies that promote financial stability and monetary cooperation. Know that IMF plays a proactive role in helping the countries which are facing balance of payment crisis. Balance of payment crisis occurs when a nation is unable to pay for its essential imports or service its external debt payments. So, this is the objective of IMF. Now, coming to the extended fund facility EFF of IMF, see the extended fund facility provides financial assistance to member countries of IMF which are facing serious medium term balance of payments problems because of structural weaknesses that require a considerable time to address. The main point to note here is that the credit under EFF is given to countries facing medium term BOP problems not short term. They made confuse you in the problems using this statement. Now, remember yet another medium term credit mechanism called the extended credit facility is also granted. This ECF is granted only to those countries which are in the category of low income states. It is one of the facilities of IMF under the poverty reduction and growth trust. Now, coming back to EFF, see the countries which are receiving credit from IMF under the EFF route should focus on structural reforms to address institutional or economic weaknesses. So, what about the loan duration? Typically, EFF credits are approved for a period of three years, but in some cases it may be approved for period as long as four years to implement deep and sustained structural reforms. So, what about the repayment time? The loan given under EFF can be repaid over four and a half to ten years in 12 equal semi annual installments. Even India have borrowed using extended fund facility from IMF in the financial year 1981 to 82, but since 1993 India has not taken any financial assistance from IMF. So, these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now, take a look at this news in numbers article in text and context page, it says that 1.48 lakh crore rupees was passed irrespective of Adani issue. Also, the Minister of State for Finance had tabled the second batch of supplementary demands for grants in parliament. This is the crux of the news article given here. In this context, let us understand about supplementary grants and also different types of other grants. First of all, why other grants are given? Now that budget contains the ordinary estimate of income and expenditure for one financial year. We also make budget estimates for our households. Is it always enough? No, right. Some unforeseen situations and circumstances arises at times. For this only we have savings and other emergency funds. Likewise, government also have various other grants for extraordinary or special circumstances. The first such arrangement is sublimetric grant. Let us say that government has allotted an expenditure of 20,000 crore rupees for some new scheme. We all know that in the budget 2023 to 24 also our finance minister has introduced many schemes and she also said the allotted fund for that scheme, right. But after proceeding into the year, government found that the allotted money was not enough. So, now the government can ask the parliament for extra money. This extra money for the scheme is only called supplementary grant. So, when the amount authorized by the parliament through the appropriation act is found to be insufficient for a particular scheme, then some amount is given as supplementary grant. Here you should know the difference between supplementary grant, additional grant and excess grant. See, additional grant is given when the money is needed for some new service which is not contemplated in the budget for that year. And the excess grant is given when money has been spent on any service during a financial year in excess of the amount granted for that service. So, here the government will spend the money first and then get it from the parliament. It is voted by the Lok Sabha after the financial year. You have to know one crucial point here. Before the demands for excess grants are submitted to the Lok Sabha for voting, they must be approved by the public accounts committee of parliament, okay. Now, make note of all these differences very sharply. Other grants include vote of credit, token grant, exceptional grant and etc. We will see about them in some other discussion. So, in this news article discussion, we saw about supplementary grants and we saw the difference between supplementary grant, additional grant and excess grant. So, with these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now, take a look at this news article. It reports about the 148th foundation day celebrations of RASA march which took place at Delhi. In the meeting, our union home minister mentioned that Dayananda Saraswati's life is an inspiration for the Modi government. He also said that the prime minister is working for national awakening, a concept which was originally based on the philosophy and teachings of Maharishi Dayananda Saraswati. So, using this opportunity, let us learn about Dayananda Saraswati in Prilam's perspective. As you all know, Dayananda Saraswati is an Indian social deformer from the state of Gujarat who founded the RASA march. His teachings and philosophy were based primarily on the Vedas. He was the author of numerous books. One of his famous books was the Satyath Prakash which has reminded a highly influential text on the philosophy of the Vedas. The book also deals with the various duties which need to be carried out by a human being. He was the first individual in India to ask for Swaraj from the foreign rule. He was against the practice of ideology and beliefs in the infallibility of the Vedas. He promoted equal rights for women like right to education and reading of Indian scriptures. The other important feature of Dayananda's teachings were that he was against the caste system and advocated the abolition of untouchability. After his death in the year 1883, Dayananda Anglo-Vedic schools were established all around India by his followers. Some of his notable followers are Lala Lajpatroy and Swami Sradhananda. Dayananda Saraswati was of the view that confusions regarding the Vedas arose due to the misinterpretations of the Vedas. That is why Swami Dayananda indulged in writing rightful commentaries on the Vedas. He said that Vedas were the guide to find the ultimate truth which he has emphasized throughout his commentary on the Vedas. These are all some of the important points that you have to remember about Swami Dayananda Saraswati. So this we came to the end of this news article discussion. In this news article discussion we saw briefly about Dayananda Saraswati who is an Indian social reformer from the state of Gujarat and the founder of Arya Samaj. So with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now take a look at this editorial article. Recently the Punjab government has launched a major operation to arrest a separatist leader Amrit Palsing. This is because Amrit Palsing openly talked about the creation of Kalistan. That is he tried to revive the Kalistan movement in Punjab. The Kalistan movement is a Sikh separatist movement. This movement seeks to establish a sovereign state in Punjab region called Kalistan that is land of Khalsa. To know more about Kalistan movement I recommend you to watch our Hindi newspaper analysis video of 20th March 2023. So today we are not going to focus on that area. Instead let us learn about what is separatism, factors contributing to separatism and how these problems can be addressed. So what is separatism? As I already said separatism is the idea or activities that advocates for separation of a group or a territorial unit from an existing country. For example we can take the Kalistan separatist movement itself. Here the separatist are demanding to establish a separate state by carving out territories in India. This is a perfect example of separatism. So what are the factors that are contributing for separatism in India? See the first and foremost factor is unbalanced development. If we can take development the southern and western states in India are more developed when compared with north and north eastern states. This unbalanced development is due to various factors like political, geographical and economic factors. This unbalanced development forces the people in an undeveloped state to raise the voice for separatism. Now the second reason is religious factor. As we all know India was a Hindu majority country and overall in India other religious or minority. These factors sometimes contribute to the insecure feeling among minority religious people in India. This forces them to propound separatism. Now thirdly political factors. As we all know India is a diverse country. Many national parties are not able to get a standhold in some states. So this led to the rise of regional parties. Some regional parties have their own unique identity and this is contrary to the national parties ideologies. This factor also contributes to separatism. And the final one is the linguistic factor. See India is having diverse languages and diverse dialects. As we all know the majority of people in northern India are speaking Hindi. But if we take southern states the languages vary from state to state. So if the government imposes one language countrywide then it forces some people in particular state to demand for a separate country. So linguistic factor also contribute to separatism. So these are all some of the factors that contribute to separatism in India. Now let us see some of the possible measures that can be taken to contain separatism. Firstly the central government should divert its focus on underdeveloped states. The government has to bring in many developmental schemes in the least developed states for the betterment of people. This will reduce the separatist mindset of the underdeveloped and under privileged people. Secondly the government should take stringent steps against the religious discrimination faced by the minority people countrywide. And finally the government can conduct national wide festivals and programs with the involvement of all the people from different religious and linguistic backgrounds. This will promote brotherhood among the Indian people thereby reducing separatist ideologies. Okay. Apart from this development projects and policies should be inclusive and crafted according to the needs of the region. For example schemes like Ek Bharat, Shreya Bharat is the need of the Haar which not only celebrate diversity in United but strengthens the sentiments of the state and citizens. So these are all some of the important points that I have to note from this news article discussion. So these learnt points. Let us move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is the preliminary practice question discussion. Now look at this first question. Rapid financing instrument and rapid credit facility are related to the provisions of lending by which one of the following. Option A Asian Development Bank. Option B International Monetary Fund. Option C United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative. And option D World Bank. C RFI is the lending facility of the International Monetary Fund. This provides rapid financial assistance. It is available to all member countries facing an urgent balance of payments need.  On the other hand IMF's rapid credit facility provides rapid concessional financial assistance to low income countries facing an urgent balance of payments needed. Okay. So the correct answer for the question is option B International Monetary Fund. Now moving on. Here pairs of reservoirs and states are given. You have to find the incorrectly matched pairs. First pair Gattaprabha Telangana. See Gattaprabha reservoir is located in the state of Karnataka. It is not in Telangana. So this pair is wrong. The second pair Gandhi Sahar Madhya Pradesh. See this pair is correctly matched. It is located on the Shipra River which is a tributary of Chambal river. Okay. Now the third pair Indra Sahar Andhra Pradesh. Indra Sahar is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh on Narmada river. So this pair is wrong. Now the fourth pair Maitan Chettishkar. Maitan reservoir is located in the state of Jharkhand not Chettishkar. So this pair is also wrong. So here the only correct pair matched is pair two. So the number of incorrect matches are three. So the correct answer for the question is option C only three pairs. Now moving on. It is a two statement question. Statement one. Additional grant is the amount granted in case the amount allowed by parliament is insufficient for a particular scheme in a particular financial gear. Now the second statement says that supplementary grant is the amount granted for some new service which is not contemplated in the budget. See here the terms are interchangeably used. Okay. So both the statements are incorrect here. The correct answer for the question is option D neither one nor two. Now the question displayed here is the problem quiz question for you today. Just go through the question. Try to answer it in the comment section. Displayed here are the main practice questions for you today. Just go through the question. Try to write an answer and post it in the comment section. So with this we came to the end of the news article discussion. If you like the video, hit like, do comment and don't forget to subscribe to Shankar AAS Academy YouTube channel. Now thank you for listening.


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