Paris Hilton and her husband Carter Reim started the year 2023 in the right way and as a surprise to all. The heiress and woman of many hats is now also a mom for the first time, announcing that she and Carter welcomed a newborn son via Instagram. Paris likely already set up a dreamy nursery at her Los Angeles mansion for her baby boy and it's definitely going to be impressive to match the rest of the place. She purchased her longtime mansion in the guard gated Mulholland estate area back in 2007 and in recent years Paris has given the property a full facelift, showing off the renovations on YouTube. We've also seen her multi-million dollar crib on her reality show Paris in Love which offers 7,000 square feet of space and amazing highlights like a dream dressing room and even a doggy mansion. In these videos we don't reveal any addresses even though I've done a house tour of my own place, please do not show up at any private residences because it's not safe for anyone. Paris Hilton maintains her longtime mansion located in Beverly Hills. Back in 2007 she purchased this stunning mansion in the celeb-favored guard gated community of Mulholland estates for 5.9 million dollars. We've gotten plenty of glimpses of the estate not only on Paris' Instagram and YouTube but also on her reality series Paris in Love. The Mediterranean style mansion was built back in 1991 in Spansville's 7,000 square feet of space with five beds and 5.5 baths. Meanwhile the grounds surrounding the home span about an acre. There is a gorgeous two-story entryway with a winding staircase where Paris often poses for photos. Other features of her mansion include living rooms, a large family room with web bar, office, gourmet kitchen and breakfast room, butler's pantry, wine closet and more. It also came complete with a full gym but word was that Paris transformed that into a shoe closet instead. Now with baby number one's arrival I'm sure that Paris and Carter have set up a stunning nursery for their son. They just haven't shown it off yet. Considering how luxurious Paris' many adorable dogs are living like we can only imagine how stylish the new baby's room is going to be. Paris also has a custom screening room which she claimed is one of her favorite spots in the house. Another cool bonus lies in this room of the home which she explains, I built one of those hidden escape doors that looks like a bookshelf. It leads to a huge showroom for all my product. It's kind of like a secret office. Well this room is decorated in a French Victorian vibe like much of the rest of the home was and there's a 120 inch screen, photo booth, pink pool table and more. Meanwhile up a small flight of stairs in here there's also Club Paris. Her very own nightclub upstairs with everything from smoke machines to a dancing pool to a DJ booth because Paris is also a DJ as you probably know. In 2020 Paris revealed her major home renovation that was going on and we could see that she stripped all of the interiors down to make way for a brand new look. She guided the whole mansion and she decided to switch things up completely. Paris even has a glam room where she can easily get ready for events or a night out with Carter. Elsewhere in the mansion Paris's master suite has a glamorous bath attached as well as a private balcony with city views and the star modified the home to fit two decked out closets the size of an apartment or bigger. Not to mention a dressing room attached to the master bath as well. Moving to the grounds of Paris's main residence there's a sparkling pool and spa with an attached grotto along with her famed doggy mansion. This is a feature I actually need in my life but I don't have as many dogs as her. I need it for my two dogs. In 2009 Paris purchased this doggy mansion and paid $325,000 for it but we all know that she loves dogs just like me and always has a handful of pets living with her. The upscaled dog house for her Hilton pet boasts 300 square feet of living space with built-in air conditioning controlled from the outside to protect the dogs from the LA heat. There's also heating of course for when it cools down. Her dog's mansion is Spanish colonial style with two levels and the second floor has a balcony where the pups can catch a beautiful view.  Day beds, bean bags and dog beds are all around the house for the pups to relax on. Outside there's a cute fenced-in turf lawn while the large front door welcomes the pups with a golden fire hydrant. That isn't the only house Paris owns though. In August 2021 it was reported that everyone's favorite hotel heiress turned a girl turned businesswoman snags a beachfront home for $8.4 million. Which is perfect for when she, Carter and now their new baby want to escape Beverly Hills for a more laid-back vibe. Located on Lacoste Beach, Paris's new getaway in Malibu is a prime spot and right on the water. The house was built back in 1955 but it seems to have underwent a huge renovation sometime in the 90s. While it's contemporary in style the interiors also kind of have a vintage feel with salmon colored tiles and rounded granite counters in the kitchen just to name a few details. Paris's Malibu Loveness spans 2,968 square feet of space with three beds and three baths throughout. In fact, Miss Hilton already teased the promo video for her series cooking with Paris in this very kitchen. And I mean if she doesn't feel like cooking she's only a short five minute drive from the long-time trendy restaurant Nobu Malibu. While Paris and Carter's crib is right on top of the Pacific Coast highway the modern home is nicely hidden behind a dark blue wall along with cameras and a security system. Before walking in there's also a simply landscape courtyard and the exterior is a solid white color while inside tile floors grates the open concept living area and dining room. As you may expect from a beachfront home there are full walls of glass everywhere. Take in the stunning ocean views. Aside from the walls of windows the open living room boasts a fireplace to warm things up when it gets chilly and there's also a flat screen TV as well as a bar to one side. On the opposite wall you'll find the dining area. The main living space also has a spacious concrete deck outside with room for an outdoor eating area or just to relax. Paris is probably already cooking up a storm in this slightly vintage 90s meets early 2000s aesthetic kitchen. Here there are rounded granite countertops with a ton of meal prep space as well as top of the line stainless steel appliances. This staircase is built with salmon colored tiles which I think matches the vintage beach house vibe perfectly and upstairs is where you'll find the home's three bedrooms. Paris and Carter's ocean view master retreat offers hardwood flooring, its own private balcony as well as a cozy fireplace and mounted TV above. The luxury attached bath might be slightly dated but it's surely still stylish. There's some retro colored marble, a built-in soaking tub, glass shower as well as double vanities. Outside the home stairs from the patio lead to Lacoste Beach and on Paris' property some other add-ons include an outdoor shower, Jacuzzi and a two-car garage. Now that we've checked out Paris Hilton's homes in Beverly Hills and Malibu I think we'll bring today's house tour to a close. But before you go answer me this, if money and resources weren't an issue would you prefer to go the surrogate route like Paris when having a baby and like so many other celebrities do? Let me know your thoughts in the comments down below or what you liked about Paris' homes. Don't forget to like, subscribe and turn on your notifications. My name is Carole the Vampiristler, follow me on Instagram to chat and I'll see you all in another video. Bye!


All right, this is Senate government operations. It is, I believe, Wednesday, March 24th. Thank you, Senator Palomar. Yes, the days all kind of flow together when we're doing this on Zoom. Today, and I apologize for the tardiness of our start. We just got off the floor and we're actually waiting for two more of our members to join us. But to name what we asked for is, as you know, in S-124, which I believe is act something or other, but I never, I can't ever get acts straight. Some of the reports that we asked for, there's a whole series of reports that we asked for. But a couple of those reports were specifically the responsibility of the council to do. And one was on the use of military equipment, some kind of a standard for that. One was on a policy on the use of body cams. And there was, there were quite a number of questions around the body cams. And part of it was the storage and the accessibility and redaction. And so it's much more complicated than just getting body cams. And then the other one was on the, what we should be looking for. And this is not so much a policy, but just kind of a advice to local agencies and sheriff's offices and any other law enforcement agencies around what should we be really looking for when we're looking for law enforcement officers? And then in addition to that, are there other things that we need to look at when we're looking for supervisory roles? So those are the three that we asked you to come talk to us today about. And although I didn't say this when sending out the invitation, if there are in any of these, if there are legislative solutions that need to happen or anything that needs to be put in legislation, if you would tell us what those are also so that we can get those in some place. Does that make sense? It does, yep. Great. So then I realized we're kind of late today. So just do as much as you can and we'll have another time and take up other reports also. Thank you. Thank you, Madam Chair. I appreciate the opportunity for the record. Bill Sheetz, I'm the interim executive director of the Vermont Criminal Justice Council slash Vermont Police Academy for another two and a half weeks before Heather Simon officially takes the role here. So I appreciate the opportunity. I know I've been in several times. I'll take the easiest one first. The easiest one first is actually a responsibility at least first blush of the law enforcement advisory board. So that is the entrance requirement and the guidelines for hiring and supervisory promotions within organizations. Of course, this position that I'm in sits on the law enforcement advisory board. I do know that that is on their agenda and they have a draft copy ready for dissemination at their meeting on Monday the 29th. So I think that's actually nearing completion or at least a fairly revised and well-refined rough draft for their review. And how are they doing it? Are they doing it as kind of a guidance for local law enforcement to use when they're hiring and promoting? Yeah, I think a best practices guide for all of the above related to entrance personnel that are just coming into the organization as well as promotional opportunities throughout a career. Well, that was an easy report. That's my easiest one. I would love to tell you that the rest are done and complete. Here's what I can say. There's a tremendous amount of work within Act 56 and 124. I can speak about any of them. I do just if it's okay, Madam Chair, I'd like to give an overview of kind of where the council subcommittees and working groups are overall in this process if it's okay with you. No, that's perfect, thank you. So we've had three full council meetings and of course the new version 24 person and really we recognize that that's a bit of an unwieldy number and the majority of the work is happening through subcommittees and working groups. We now have 17 of those. I think my responsibility and my goal prior to departing and Heather's arrival in two and a half weeks is that we have the first layer meeting for all of these committees and working groups. We have them, they're all being asked right now to identify a prioritized timeline based on language in S124 and other areas or their work. Then we intend to create a master timeline, kind of a visual walkthrough of all 17 committees knowing the pressure, the timelines and then candidly the balance between us running a Vermont police academy with a level three full-time course coming up in the very near future and juggling all of those responsibilities. So I testified before, you don't get thanked enough. S124 is really good. It's impactful, it's meaningful. We take it seriously. We continue to take it seriously. We just in some areas we know that certain things have definitive timelines. So for example, the body worn camera policy, law enforcement advisory board just barely handed us their version of that. So we barely introduced that last week at the council meeting to solicit interest from the council members and we have created a working group to identify the work that needs to be done there. The timeline on that, for example is January 1st, 2022. That sounds like a long time. There's a tremendous amount of work that has to be done especially when it comes to the guidelines, the retention, the redaction, things like that. So we know that that committee, that working group has to get moving and has to get moving now. Here's the balance. Again, is running the day-to-day operations and doing it in its intended fashion which is nothing but the best. That's our intention is to deliver the best training and create the best product with our law enforcement allied agencies in Vermont.  So we wanna deliver that at the same time. We wanna make sure that these 17 subcommittees and working groups are getting the job done and meeting the requirements and timelines of this committee and the legislature. Can you tell us what the 17, do you have that at your fingertips? I do and actually I was hoping but again, based on pace, I have been joking and I actually got it on the record in the house site so I should get it on the record here. I believe that if either Lindsay The Verge or Cindy Taylor patched the two directors, if they murder me, it might be a justifiable homicide based on the pace of work right now. That, I should get that on the record because my intent is, and our intent is to not only get this information to you and I can cover it with you verbally but is to on our website, have a page dedicated to each and every subcommittee that will have a marching orders, kind of a charter, have the language specific to S124 or whatever the driving language is, the list of subcommittee members, a place to warn and post and list meeting minutes and essentially keep track so anybody in the public can actually look and determine what progress that we're making and an independent page for all of those. So the subcommittees are long-term committees that we know have to exist and they're always gonna have to exist for all the right reasons. Working groups we defined as they have a finite marching order with a timeline and once they're done, then we can use those resources elsewhere. So I'll start with the working groups. So the council rules, council rules are something that really do not match up any longer with our 24 person council. So we are in the process of identifying through our assigned attorney, through Bill Surrell and some other volunteers we're beginning the work of revising our council rules. And of course, that's a legislative process as well and that'll take some time, but it's much needed because it reflects the old construct of the 12 person council. The military equipment acquisition working group. So that will, they will kick off their first meeting. I know it's a topic today where we will take a shot at the creation of a model policy related to the acquisition of military equipment. So we already have several volunteers from the council as well as from chiefs, sheriffs and various associations in the state. And that's the neat part here. All 24 council members and the other proxies have been tasked and have readily accepted any and all challenges related to working on multiple subcommittees. And it doesn't get any better than that because they know the impact and they know what we're trying to accomplish. So to have them interwoven with our staff with the larger law enforcement community, it's again, it is a seamless way to get this work done and they truly understand what we're trying to accomplish. We have the model body worn camera policy working group. We have solicited interest for facial recognition technology working group. We've been tasked again act 56, that's 124 with coming up with a recommended policy. Many of these, by the way, we know have a public outreach component. So for some of these without a timeline they may be more late summer so we can actually have an in-person kind of a hearing. So the council can kind of take some testimonies to the thoughts of the public. Wherever there's that public input piece we take that seriously. And I think while Zoom's a wonderful thing I don't know that it can quite deliver the same impact as in person but we'll probably try both. We have the entrance testing requirements working group. So this is a big one. This is a real ask to make sure that everything we're doing both written test and psychological profile is contemporary that it can be delivered 24-7 asynchronous to an agency candidate. They can complete that. The results can go to the agency. They can go to us. This is where candidly, Madam chair and committee, we need your help. We ask again, I know that Bill Surrell did a great job the other day testifying that we've had some success on the house side and house appropriations did in fact come over with the recommendation for two positions that's gonna go to Senate has gone to Senate appropriations. And we certainly appreciate that recognition and that's related to professional regulation and I could talk for hours on how we're doing with that. It's that committee, that subcommittee by the way currently meets one, an hour and a half a week to hear professional regulation cases. It's almost, and by the way, prior to those meetings they receive documentation that can be hundreds of pages. So it's nearly a, it's a rather onerous process but really good results. So I know I'm bouncing all over the place here, but... Because that is a standard, that is a regular committee, right? That's not a working group. Correct. Yes. Yeah. So there are areas like this entrance testing requirement. Madam chair, may I ask your question? Yes, I'm sorry, Senator Clarkson. Yeah, hi, Bill, sorry. The entrance testing requirements is not a working group, it's a standing group or... No, professional regulation is a... Oh, professional, sorry. So you skipped on. So I wanted to ask you a question about the entrance testing requirements. Surely there must be some great models out there for states that have already revamped their entrance testing. We don't need to reinvent the wheel on this one, do we? I don't think so. I think we wanna make sure that we do it in a fashion that represents Vermont. And I think that we in Vermont do some things better than other areas. The easy answer is we need, in all likelihood, a small amount of one-time money to actually go ahead and identify a vendor in a process to solicit the work that needs to be done in this area. Once it's done, that should live with a vendor for them to be able to deliver a secure test, whether it's a hundred question, multiple choice. But I think, Senator, you're on point. We are in the process of surveying other states and municipalities to determine if there is a mechanism with some assurances that it's meeting the criteria that's critically important to all of us, right? So the bias piece is massive. We wanna ensure that everybody has the same opportunity when they sit down and take that test, whether it's in person currently under the current construct or if they're doing it in front of a computer, they should have the same ability to make it through in the same criteria. Oh, absolutely. But again, other states have been, so I would assume there was help out there. So it's the professional regulation committee that's the standing committee. Yes, that's one of them. That's my fault for bouncing all over the place. I get excited when I talk about this stuff, so. Right, okay, great. I just, okay, great. So the entrance testing, we are anticipating and I know this is not one of the fiscal committees, but I know we appreciate your longtime support in terms of what we're trying to do. The leanest of lean budgets. What's the financial ask on that? $25,000 to $50,000, just one time. And then we'll have an operation set up that I think will greatly benefit every organization in the state of Vermont. And we'll have something that we can stand behind and be proud of that you can be proud of, that's an ask in S-124. Okay. And the testimony, and I think I can't remember if it's been in this committee or not, but prior to my arrival here, it's been widely known, very thin budget in terms of right now the ask is 2.7, just in general funds, 10.5 full-time equivalent state and 1.5 interdepartmental transfer, just grant funded. We last year ran out of money to buy a toner for the copier. And candidly it's unacceptable when we're asked to do all of these things that we take serious. We really want to achieve everything that you're asking us to achieve. But when there's not money to buy toner, I'm not sure how we can say to a committee, we do have $50,000 to really take a look at this and implement it in a way that it should be implemented. And Madam Chair, if I may. Yes. Yes. This sort of underscores what I think you, I heard you say is that the, oh, this is the council, not the academy, right? Well, that's the, that's always the. I wanna say that the plus of being in an agency and underneath an agency is you'd have all that additional both financial support and just infrastructure support. But this is not that. This is the council, which is gonna stay independent. It's really both. That's the difficulty with the discussion, right? We have a 24 person council that lives over here. We, the staff of the Vermont Police Academy essentially work for and support that 24 person council. The budgetary impact that I'm talking about is in fact the Vermont Police Academy, but it's interchangeable. So it could, so some of the financial challenges could be managed a little more easily with a big sibling agency making, advocating and ensuring better budgets for the academy. Yeah. It's hard to have a voice of just 12 people when you have no seat at the table in the form of a commissioner or secretary. Yes. And Sherling would be, oh, whoever's in that position, the secretary of the agency would be presumably a much louder, A has a seat at the table and B would be a very strong advocate. Just an advocate and honestly, we might not have to go back to the legislature and it might be easy to find $25,000 or $50,000 in an 80 to $120 million budget than it is in a 2.7 million budget where 93% of it is beyond your control with salaries, benefits fee for space and things like that. Right. And so I think what our committee, and I'm sure our chair is gonna ask you this to just clarify all your asks this year because I've so far heard this afternoon, $50,000 and two positions. Right. We will as we go through, I mean, at the very end, we'll need to know what all of those are, but right now we're not really addressing the asks in particular, but where these working groups and committees are in terms of what they're doing. And then as you go through, like with the entrance testing requirements, you'd need a small infusion of cash. So we've got that. So we'll be keeping track of all of those asks. Thank you, Madam Chair. The other three remaining working groups, and again, there are nine of them, tactical, I'm sorry, training curriculum review working group. So we always need to be mindful that we're looking at all curriculum to make sure it's relevant, it's contemporary, it's best practices. So that's an ongoing thing, but specifically in S-124, it asks us, it requests that we take a look from a number of different lenses. There is the tactical medical training working group. So that's a very small working group that's looking at the delivery of critical first aid in the field. So in tactical situations where somebody, so like it's applicable in a situation like Boulder, Colorado, the shooting there, right? That where you have something massive like that, or any critical injury where we can either equip and respond to either officers or citizens and help them in critical need. Then there's the field training evaluation program. So the last component, once somebody graduates from here and gets a certification to become a law enforcement officer is their requirement to pass a field training program that's completed in the field. Again, that's always a program where we want to ensure we're doing best practices and we're taking a real comprehensive look at that. The last working group is a leadership and supervisory training working group. What we learned, especially in the COVID environment where some things were put on hold. I think, again, I've had the opportunity through consulting to travel throughout the US and Canada. I'm pleased to proudly testify that I think we do it as well as anyone in the country for basic training. So the level two, the level three, where I think we can improve and we should improve are delivering training for officers that are a little more mature for our leaders in the organization related to supervision, culture, things like that that I think we can offer courses whether it's internally or we bring those resources in. I think we really should, we owe it to the agencies to create a really comprehensive mature training matrix that can identify those trainings that we most critically need for the profession to get better. And then that takes us to the existing standing, existing or newly created subcommittees, fair and impartial policing. So that's been a subcommittee for a while. There are several asks. We are in the odd number year. So we have to deliver a training this year. We prefer to do that in person. We're gonna do that related to getting better at perceptions at roadside and doing a better job at traffic stop data collection as well as some other bias related trainings. So they're working on that right now. The biggest, by far the biggest committee, 23 people subcommittee is the Training Advisory Subcommittee. Many of those working groups I named are subsets of those that include some of those members. That really is responsible for all the deliverables under the guidance of Cindy Taylor-Patch, the director of training. So it really is all encompassing. A very large ask on a continual basis to look at curriculum, the way that we're delivering training, being responsive to things like de-escalation, the use of force, and again, implementing best practices kind of across the board. The Professional Regulation Subcommittee, we've talked a little bit about that and I could talk about that for hours. There's a waiver subcommittee. So we reinstituted the ability for somebody to come in from out of state that is an out of state police officer that can essentially give us their portfolio of their experience. We assess that portfolio and identify which specific Vermont trainings they're required to do so that they do not have to complete the entire 800 hours, level three basic training. So that, we're getting more requests on that. The state police has recently decided that they're going to look at out of state waivers as well. So that should increase the scope and the responsibility of that committee, which is why we made it a standing subcommittee again. We have a domestic violence subcommittee. Again, they're looking at deliverables for training. There are certain training requirements semi or bi annually. There's a canine subcommittee, a use of force subcommittee, and a highway safety subcommittee. And Madam Chair, if it's okay, I think if you give us a week, I believe we can have the outline of all of these and provide you written documentation. Again, description of the subcommittee, who's assigned to each subcommittee from the council, maybe a reminder of who's on the council and kind of the charter and the timeline and what's happening in all of those. Cause I think that really, it's complex. There's a lot of things that are happening. And again, we take, we love it. We take it all seriously. It's just a lot of work. Yeah, thank you. And I think that last year there, when we were looking at 124, there was some pressure for us to come up with all these answers. And it, knowing the complexity of it, it didn't make any sense to us to try to come up with the answers for these, but to instead ask the appropriate groups. In your case, it's, for example, it's headed by the council, but it involves the ACLU and the Human Rights Commission and different groups on different issues here. So it made sense for us to ask for, and we realized that it was putting a lot of work on the council, but in the end, I think that the answers that are presented to us will be much better thought out and meaningful than had we tried last year to come up with those. Senator Clarkson, did you have, I thought? Thank you, Madam Chair. Bill, these are all great subcommittees. The one glaring missing one is mental health.  We've talked about having a standalone committee, I can assure you that that is a critical part of the training advisory committee. So that could be the same for many, many of the discussions that we have within that subcommittee, but we actually have had an open discussion about creating a separate standalone long-term subcommittee related to mental health. So I think that's impactful, Senator, for us hearing it from you, because even though I think we're giving it the due recognition that it critically deserves, it might be better served to actually be more prominent on our website standalone subcommittee where we're identifying that we're taking that particular issue very seriously. I actually have some mixed feelings about that just because I think that issues of mental health and bias should be interwoven with every single one of these committees. That if you're talking about professional regulation, that it should be part of that. If you're talking about the use of body cams, that it should be part of that or any other. So I think it's a conversation you need to have more about whether to have a special, a special committee that's devoted to mental health. Well, they have one devoted to impartial policing. I mean, they have one devoted to- But that was the legislature that did that. And I have to tell you, I have mixed feelings about the way we did it and the way we applied it. But I have a real problem with model policies in general. I think that a model policy that's defined, and that's why I'm hoping that when you are talking about things like the use of body cams and facial recognition and stuff that, what you're looking at is what should be in a policy? The things that people need to put into a policy. And I know that on the FIP policies, there were some real issues and we reviewed them all. And there's things like in the model policy that says you have to be, you have to treat all community members in the same way. That should be part of the overall policy of the police department. That shouldn't be just in a fair and impartial policing policy or just in a mental health policy. It should be the overall, but if when we were looking at the policies, if they didn't have it in their fair and impartial policing policy as such, but had it in their general policies, then it wasn't accepted as a legitimate policy. So I think that we need to be, we need to tell people what they need to address in a policy, but to actually tell them that this is their policy is both, in my mind, doesn't make any sense. And it also, all the department has to do is to say, we're just gonna accept the policy that was given to us. They don't have to discuss it. They don't have to grapple with it. They don't have to say, what does this really mean? They just have to accept the model policy. And that doesn't do anything in terms of their education, but I'll stop about that because I just feel so strongly that when we do model policies, we're doing a real disservice to people instead of telling them, these are the 27 things you have to address in your policy. But anyway, so that's my little speech for the day. Yes, Senator Colomar. There's a lot more than that, that I need off, out of committee help on. I mean, I get some of what you're getting at, but we can chat about it at another point, but I, the difference between a policy and a model policy and giving them a charge, it's, anyway, it's. Well, I'll go, just you was one example that has nothing to do with law enforcement here. At one point, we were looking at a model policy for school lunch programs. And the agency of education at the time it was the department, but came up with this model policy about what the school lunch program should look like. And so it didn't require anything on the part of this individual school. They didn't have to sit down and say, what is our community like? What kinds of foods are available to us? What can we buy locally? What is the best kind of food for us to prepare for our students? Do we have ethnic choices here that we need to be a sensitive to? I mean, it didn't, all they had to do is just accept the policy. They didn't have to have any conversations at all. You want them to own it by making it. I want them, I want people when they have a policy, I want them to sit down and say, these are the 27 things we have to address. How are we going to address this in our policy? That's all, I just, I want them to own it instead of just accepting something that we tell them to, which is exactly what happened with fair and impartial policing. So Senator Collomer. I hear you saying that you want them to own it and incorporate it in whatever fashion it works for them. Yeah. Senator Collomer. Thank you Madam Chair. Bill, I didn't hear anything, but maybe I was dozing here, but I was. School resource officers, how do they figure into this in terms of, how do they get trained now and where are they going to fit in? Yeah, Senator, it's a, so that's not necessarily under the purview of the council or the academy. Once you complete basic training and you're in good standing in your organization, your respective organization, if they have a school resource officer program can then solicit interest and select they would obtain the training. We could host a training, but essentially that is the responsibility of that host agency to do that. Where we have in the past here, under our umbrella, hosted subject matter experts related to school resource officers. The content largely is controlled by outside expertise. So at the discretion of the level of training is at the discretion of that individual agency. So it falls to each local agency basically to train their own people or find them? Yeah, there's very few now that still are in the school resource officer business. It's definitely diminishing. Thank you. Madam chair, if I may just touch base on the policy question quickly. Yep, please. So in a large part, we do very little policy work. That's the responsibility of the respective organizations. They have comprehensive policy and procedures. Where I think we find ourselves getting involved is when the organizations perhaps don't do as they're supposed to. And there's a legislative mandate that says, hey, you know what, perhaps you're not getting it right in fair and impartial policing. So we're gonna ask the law enforcement advisory board and the criminal justice council and appropriately so to come up with some model policy language. That's where we do a dive into creating policy, but generally that's the responsibility of the organization. Our charter is much, much more broad in terms of delivery of training. So as it relates to mental health, for example, we're gonna concentrate far more on an interwoven approach to deliver throughout our curriculum. Every chance we can inject de-escalation, for example, better communication skills, better outreach, we're going to do that. So it's all interwoven. So we're not heavily policy driven in these working groups and subcommittees unless and until we get those marching orders from the Senate, and then we're gonna take it seriously and we're gonna do it. But generally it falls to the organization. Yeah. And that's how we did the fair and impartial policy and swept into that the immigration policy, which I still think was a mistake because, but to have them be in the same policy. But anyway, any more questions or anything, comments? No, do you have a total of a bill? How many people are now engaged in all this work? I mean, you have all these subcommittees. It's not just the 24 council members. I assume you have members from all over the place on these. How many people are engaged in all this work? Dozens, likely over a hundred. But don't quote me on that for a week. You can quote me in a week when I send you a document that has all of that. Oh, I can tell you right now, I have a list of the reports that we requested. There are 10 of them, 10 reports. And each of them, like the law enforcement hiring qualifications was the responsibility of the council, but they were to work with Human Rights Commission, ACLU, the relevant social and racial equity groups, mental health agencies, people with mental health who had themselves had mental health issues. So there's tons of people involved in these reports, I believe. I would say well over a hundred. All right, so I realize that we don't have any specifics, but if you, we'll give you another week or so. How about we give you a week and a half? Thank you, Madam Chair. And primarily because I've been trying to do an X-week schedule, it's already filling up. But so, and then at that point, what I would also ask when you do them, if there's legislative changes that need to happen in order to make any of the changes that your reports are suggesting, but you bring those to us also so that we can get those. I don't know what they might be, but I mean just something as simple as how to go from level two to level three without having to repeat the whole thing. If there's an answer for that, it might need a legislative change somewhere. Or I don't think we need to change the kinds of training that you do, except what would be interesting is if you would bring us also a list of the kinds of training that we have mandated over the last five or six years that without regard to reducing any training, because we've mandated a number of hours in different areas. And I'd be curious what those were. We can certainly put that together. Is there anything else, Committee, that we should be looking for? That's a lot. Yeah, I think they're working pretty hard. I think they're working pretty hard. I think so too. And it's, I know that this is work that doesn't get a lot of press or a lot of it doesn't seem very glitzy. And it doesn't ever move fast enough for most people. But I think that it is happening. And I think that we should acknowledge that. So anybody else? As much as you didn't like the fair and impartial policing work, it actually has enabled a huge amount of our moving with data into our whole racial equity discussion. I mean, it really was so essential for the work that followed. So. No, I didn't say, I didn't like the work done. I didn't like the way that the legislature came up with a policy and said, this is the policy that you're going to have. I thought that didn't make any sense to me, but that's my bias about policies. And it's not an implicit bias. It's very explicit. I was gonna say, all of your biases are pretty explicit. Not all of them. I keep discovering ones that I didn't know about. Your committee mates are pretty clear on them. Oh, on my explicit ones, but I keep discovering every day. Really, I do. I'm trying to get Brian to smile. All right, Katie, is there anything else? Thank you, Bill, for meeting with us and we look forward to the reports. I think this is really important work and so the other, well, maybe, I don't know if you have answers to this. There was an article in our paper, not too long ago that said, Vermont is the most policed state in the country. And I've heard the opposite. And it said that the number of traffic stops have increased, I don't know what the percentage was. And I wonder if there's any reason if we know why those, maybe that's more a question for Mike Schirling about why, what the kinds of stops are, if they're mostly drug related, if they're speeding related, but why we have- Is that how it's measured, just on traffic stops?  Well, that is the measure that these, they were, this article was using, as they said that we have more stops than we've ever had before. And I do know that we have a lot of stops down here. And it said, it quoted Bennington as being really high. And I think Wyndham is being really high. And one of the problems is we have 91 right here and Bennington has route nine and seven. And I mean, the other day there was a guy driving about 110 miles an hour in an unregistered car with bad license plates or something. And he had, I don't know how many bags of heroin in the car. So I don't know if we have more stops because we have more drug trafficking or what. But we'll ask Mike Schirling that, I guess, probably better than you. Certainly not in my purview for sure. I will gladly defer to the commissioner on that one. So if we have a full class, if we have a full class starting soon, how many is that, 40? No, so in a COVID environment, we were restricted because of a whole bunch of COVID concerns to 28. We do believe that we can move from that number because at this point we feel confident that while we cannot enforce vaccinations on anyone because they're emergency use authorization, we believe that most recruits will enter our academy fully vaccinated to include staff and support personnel. We believe we can fully accommodate everybody on the list and wait list. And that varies often greatly. But sadly, including wait list right now is 35 or 36 people. And they have to pass the physical fitness test, the entrance that happens. And if they're successful in doing that, they will enter here usually a max of 38 comfortably because of scenarios on May 3rd. The state police three week pre-basics starts three weeks before that. And then it's 16 weeks and then they have what's called a post-basic for another four weeks. So we do that twice a year. It's 23 weeks twice a year. So just the level three, that's what our small staff is working with almost full-time 46 weeks out of the year. Then you have to do the level twos and deliver all of the other training deliverables as well. So that's one of the reasons why you need to look at less residential training perhaps and more in the field or regional non overnight training. And that might accommodate some people who aren't on the waiting list because as was brought up to us with by the mayor of Winooski when she talked to us that she had, and she just had one person she said, but who is a single mom with a kid and could not possibly go for 16 weeks of overnight training but would have made a great police officer. Yeah, and that's certainly one of the areas that we're taking seriously and we'll take a comprehensive look at that through the work of the subcommittees and working groups. Good, good. But the easy answer on that is unfortunately I think it's more of a difficulty in recruiting in this current environment for agencies sending candidates to us for entrance because honestly, if the wait list was more we would likely be able to accommodate many more. So for those that are gonna fail the physical fitness requirements we're probably going to be under 30 and we would like to be at 38. Well, I'll make my other speech for the day. Think about it. Why would anybody wanna become a law enforcement officer in this environment? I mean, we've done our best to demonize them, I think. I think it's full of opportunities and I think that people who care about their communities and public safety and public health might actually be inspired by what's going on and wanting to really engage with it now. I think there's a whole new reason for maybe wanting to join. I agree with you, it's tough.   So I think pay is a big issue but I think actually there we need and that's a question for Bill later is how are we recruiting? What kind of exciting, I mean, I know you don't have the money to get a great recruiter marketing and all that stuff but I think actually in this environment with the right angle there are huge communities to recruit from right now. I mean, I think our BIPOC community would be a great community to be engaging with to recruit as officers. I mean, it's a rich opportunity for people who want to engage and be involved in leadership in their community. Yeah, I do agree with you that we need to expand our recruiting and I was very excited to see that Omar Buell became one of the ones that was at our Democratic caucus two years ago and talked to us about wanting, he's a Somalian refugee, I believe. And that's good and we need to do that. I have had two law enforcement people who are really good people and they have just told their kids over my dead body we become a cop because of the current environment. So we need to find a balance there. It's, I think it's, anyway. Anybody else need to make a speech of the day? Sorry about that. I'm all set. This and town meeting are two topics that I can't ever help but expounding on. I happen to agree with you, Madam Chair. I'm sensitive to Senator Clarkson's point, but I think if you ask the average law enforcement person now and money's an issue, I won't deny that, but so is respect. And I don't know that they're getting the kind of respect they might have had 20 or 25 years ago. I think we have allowed things to happen that are bad. And to me, I bet if you made a list of the top 10 occupations I don't think law enforcement even make the top 10. I think it's too bad. And that's why we need to continue to change the culture here. I think Vermont does have a better culture among law enforcement than, and that's, it's not perfect. It's not perfect. And we need to change where it isn't perfect. We need to change it, but we need to continue that cultural change within law enforcement so that we do have, yeah, Senator Rahm. Well, I just wanted to say, I mean, one thing a lot of states have started to track is how expensive misconduct is. I feel like we can easily get stuck in right or wrong, but a lot of states are starting to show that their local municipalities might spend 6% of their budget on these cases and the problems. I mean, this has been very expensive for Vermont, Rutland, White River Junction. Those have been huge burdens on taxpayers. So, you know, it's not just do we like police or not, but this is a profession that will continue to be heavily regulated because it's life or death, civil liberty or not for people. And it gets extremely expensive to have misconduct on your books and a culture that's not accountable. But how do you feel about recruiting in the BIPOC community now? I mean, don't you think that's an opportunity that we could, and I would argue- Some of those cases were cases where black officers felt forced out because of the culture. I know, but we're working actively to try and change the culture. But if they see those major headlines, I'm just, you asked me a question and I'm giving you my answer, which is if they see a culture that doesn't evolve with their presence, then no, they're not going to stay. And I think Omar Boulay is a great example of a pioneer and someone who really, we know that it's hard with certain tests for new American folks to participate. I want good police officers, but that means the culture has to accept these changes. Otherwise it's expensive when someone leaves to use a department for creating an unsafe environment for them. Oh, absolutely, but we're committed to change. I mean, I think, I don't think that's, but anyway. Yeah. Well, we are. And I think most of our law enforcement leaders are. And so we just need to make sure that we give the support that's needed to continue that cultural change and to make sure that those people who are not changing with the change in culture are somehow disciplined or as we used to say in the 60s, I'm going to send you back for re-grooving. So we need to make sure that the people get the message that it is changing and that we continue to support that. However, we need to make sure that the people get the message that it is changing and that we continue to support that, however we need to do that. That's why I suggested that if there are any legislative changes that need to be made here, that we need to be aware of those.


I got new lens, three days until I turned 20. Woo! And we got all these essential oils, cause- Hey guys! Damn, look how good that looks. It looks like a professional movie that like, they try to make- Like a documentary? Like they try to make it look like it was just an average camera they were using, you know? No. Documentary of Sonali and Ryan. Joe Ryan! I got new lens and I literally could not be any happier. It literally looks like my big camera, which this could also be a little bit bad because I might abandon my big camera a little bit, but I'm gonna use it for like pictures and everything. So like, I don't think that will change, but look how good this quality is. Happy early birthday to me! The zoom's in, where won't you press film? What'd you order me? I got her a hot fudge sundae with extra fudge and it has to be a little bit of fudge on the bottom.  She knows you didn't cheap them. She has a lot of ice cream. She just mixes it up and just had chocolate ice cream. Guys, last time they literally ripped me off. What's the date? It is, hey guys, it's November 22nd. Let's go. Sonali, if you don't already know me. Three days until I turn 20, woo! We are going on a little hike. It's my first like, whole day back. I got back yesterday, and I actually got a lens. I didn't vlog a whole lot yesterday because I feel like traveling days are just not very exciting, but I am also very backed up on a lot of vlogs. So I think I'm gonna post like two a day or something because I want my birthday vlog to go up like ASAP Rocky. Yeah, I have a lot of vlogs coming for you guys. I'm so excited to see all these colorful trees. I don't get this in Florida. And I don't get this either. Look how cute you are. Let me get an outfit of the day, bae. It's a little tight on me now.  Hey. These guys are pretty crispy. This is Lassie Oaks shirt. This is really old. He's actually from the 80s. It's cute. You're cute. I actually really like this like, jerry curl thing you got going on. I don't know, you look like the guy from Grease.  I have wavy hair if I don't shower and stuff.  I- I'm wearing a true grit shirt if you wear it for a reason though. Yay. You guys always ask me where I got this jacket. Literally every time I wear it, everyone's like, oh my God, that looks so cozy. Where'd you get it? It is true grit and you can buy it in a lot of boutiques here in Georgia. But I don't know if they have it still because they probably sold out already. I literally bought it in August because I knew they were gonna sell out. They have a website, but like every time you search it, all these boutiques come up before it. So like, I don't know. I don't know what the exact website is, but it's called true grit. So my true grit, I have my, let's see, got some makeup right there. Katie, side out, homecoming, long sleeved shirt. Ooh, lemon leggings. Brown Uggs. I haven't worn my Uggs in forever. I forgot about my Uggs.  And they're so comfy and they keep my feet warm. Okay, stop. Hey. I'm on my way to flying biscuit and I literally go here every single time I'm home and I'm going with Hannah.  I don't even know what I'm gonna cook yet because tomorrow we're gonna go to my family friend's house, me and my sister are, and we kind of wanna bring something just to like say we made, I don't know, and like have fun like baking or something. Cause all we really need to bring is drinks like sodas and stuff. That's what she told us. But we wanna make a dessert because that's like the fun part, like making the dessert, I don't know. So I pinned a lot of stuff on my Pinterest last night. Feel like there's hair in my mouth. And I don't know which one I'm gonna pick but they all look so good. I literally want to make them all. Like I wanna have my own Thanksgiving just so I could like make everything even though I like literally can't cook. But in my mind sometimes I think I can cook. I don't know. I can't though. With Hannah. And this is my food. Our portal, evenly. Pretty good. Finished product. Done my grits. These grits are literally the best things in the world. Do you agree? This is my first time having it. It's like amazing. Really? Yeah, I've never had this. Oh my God. Yeah, they're really good. This thing cools drinks, that he said. You look at listening to country. Yeah. And then I turned it on. They are going to Zaikaz, which is like the Indian restaurant we used to always go to when we were little. My dad ordered food from the whole restaurant. This is the best ever. It's chicken 65. I love it. Let me see your spices you got. Cool. What did you get these for? Just to make things. Okay. Getting me and thee. That's gonna see us. See? Okay, that's okay. We'll go, we'll go. Let's go. The movies? Shahrukh Khan. You like Shahrukh Khan? Shahrukh Khan. Oh yeah, man. Salman Khan. Salman Khan. Mr. Koshan. See? I watch my movies, you know. Oh my Lord. You know all of them. Yeah. Oh yeah. That's why I love Trinidadian people. They're like Indians. They're like Indians. You love them. You have the mark three month. Oh my God. That's one of my dreams. One of the marks four. Okay, so it'll come. It'll come. Don't worry. I'm just looking around at some stores. I want new ones. I feel like I'm at the same ones. Every single event that I have to go to. That sounds my favorite. I think it's like super different. From what I have. So we went to the Indian grocery store and we got all these essential oils because we really wanted to try them out. And they were like 349 each. So we got rosemary oil, lavender oil, castor oil because I heard that's like really good for like growing hair. Eyebrow lady messes it up. And then you can always grow it back out. Castor oil, tea tree oil, sweet almond oil. Is that it? Do you have one? She got this turmeric and argan oil soap bar thing. Is that it? On our way to Thanksgiving lunch. I feel like it's always dinner, but nobody ever really does Thanksgiving dinner, you know. We're just really hungry so we eat before. I know. Ryan's family doesn't eat too. I couldn't wait. Like seeing everyone else eat so early, I couldn't wait. We're going to our family friend's house and we get to see all our friends from childhood. I feel like I literally haven't seen them in forever. One of my friends went studying abroad this summer. So I didn't see her all summer and this whole semester. What food are you most excited for? I'm really worried because our favorite chef will not be there in attendance. One of our family friends, my best friend's mom cooks the best green bean castor. She cook and everything. Basically she's just the best. She's a really good baker too. She made chocolate cake for my birthday. I hope there's green bean casserole because I can swim in it. I know. I feel like every time I get a little bit and I regret it right after, I'm like, you know what, I should have just gotten like pounds of it while I could. Because we have about like, I feel like there's about like 40 people just coming in. It's probably like at least 20 people and it's way more than 20. I don't know. It's just a problem every year. But so we always go and we can go first because we're kids even though I'm 23. But don't tell anyone. I'm still a kid to them. But so then we get our plate but we don't fill it up because we feel bad but then there's nothing left. I always want to take like leftovers home with me because I always crave it after Thanksgiving too. Out here taking pics. So fun. This is Mirna. Hi. My best childhood friend. It's really close up because we're taking pictures on my next site. I was like, why is my entire face there? That looks good. Whatever you're doing.


Hi everyone, welcome to the presentation on shared virtual addressing for high performance ARM infrastructure platforms. My name is Vivek Gautam and I am part of the open source group at ARM. Here's a brief outline of my talk. I'll first introduce to the shared virtual addressing. Then we'll talk about the hardware and software requirements in order to implement SVA. We'll then go into the virtualization use case. As virtualization is one of the key enabling technology on various infrastructure platforms. Then we'll talk about the current design as proposed by the set of patches that have been posted to the mailing list. And we'll talk a brief about the upstream status. So before introducing what is shared virtual addressing, let's first try to understand why we need shared virtual addressing. Today's infrastructure platforms typically deploy a number of high performance accelerators such as general purpose GPUs, smart NICs, etc. These accelerator devices usually sit on the PCI bus and can have their own private cache and memory. The PCI bus provides the backbone bus architecture for most of the infrastructure platforms. Now these accelerator devices can also be virtualized by various IO virtualization techniques such as PCI pass through our emulation. In this diagram we see a very simple laid out ARM infrastructure platform. On the left we have a host system with a number of ARM CPUs. There's a CMN interconnect which provides the backbone interconnect to access the host memory by various masters. The ARM SMMU provides the translation for various IO devices. The PCI root complex can have a number of lanes to which various PCI devices can be connected. Now this is a very simple laid out diagram. When the accelerator device now wants to initiate a DMA it would request the host to provide a DMA buffer. The host software will prepare a DMA buffer and program it into the bar register of the accelerator device. Now one thing to note here is the accelerator device which will now be using this DMA buffer and the host have their own view of memory, the accelerator device and the host cannot work together on the same piece on the same address space. Now in this traditional memory model the programming complexity increases since any workload that has to be programmed by the host software into the accelerator. A separate DMA buffer has to be prepared. There's a memory copy often involved that also introduces the performance degradation. Additionally, today's infrastructure platforms also deploy a number of coherency protocols such as CCIX or CXL. In the absence of SVA, programmers are not able to take full advantage of the coherency. So what is shared virtual addressing? SVA is a technique that allows sharing the same virtual address space between the CPU and IO device. Both CPU and the IO device will work on the same virtual address pointer and can access the same physical memory as well. The SVA provides the device or the accelerator device the ability to perform DMA on the process address space rather than using a separate DMA buffer. In the diagram above, here we see the CPU and the PCI accelerator device have distinct virtual address space. The CPU uses MMU in order to do this VA to PA translation and this MMU walks separate page tables called CPU page tables. The PCI accelerator device on the other hand has a different IO virtual address space and the SMMU that provides the translation walks separate device page tables. SVA tries to bridge the gap here. It basically provides the PCI accelerator device the ability to use the same virtual address pointer as CPU. Both MMU and SMMU are able to walk the same set of page tables that can be prepared by the CPU. And therefore any workload that the program running on the CPU wants to offload to the accelerator device can simply pass the virtual address pointer to the device and start the DNA. Some of the adjacent methodologies such as OpenCL 2.0 shared virtual memory or CUDA unified virtual memory can make use of this shared virtual address. Some of the advantages of SVA that we see are there's no need for a separate set of page table for the device. The device can use the same CPU page tables for any address for the SMMU to do its address translation. There's definitely reduced programming complexity. Now there's no need of a separate specialized driver running in user space or the kernel to provide a DMF buffer to be programmed into the device. Sharing the data between the CPU or the processors and the device also becomes easier now. There are fewer cache and tailview maintenance operations since the CPU and the device are using the same virtual address space pointer. The CPU does not have to do any cache flush operation in order for the device to see the latest copy of the data. Now in a system that implements cache coherency protocols SVA brings additional advantages. It enables zero cache maintenance operation and it also allows the CPU and the device to work on the buffer at the same time using atomic operations. Now let's look at some of the hardware and the software requirements in order to realize SVA. Now in the first diagram we saw the basic pieces that are present in infrastructure platform are PCI device supported by PCI root complex, a translating agent such as RMAS-MMU and the various CPUs. On the PCI side, the PCI protocol or the PCI specification defines a set of protocols, namely address translation service, page request interface and process address space identifier. The ATS is a memory access type TLP packet that can be initiated by a PCI device. And this ATS allows the device to request for address translation prior to initiating a TMA. The page request interface of the PRA allows the device to request for any IUPage fault handling. So whenever the address translation fails as part of the ATS request, the device can initiate a TLP packet for PRI and the translating agent will try to serve this PRI request. The process address space identifier is an additional ID that is emitted by the PCI device in addition to the requested ID. This message helps the SMMU identify various translation tables for various devices that are assigned to virtual machines. On the ARM IP side, SMMU version 3 supports all these PCI protocols as part of the ATS support. SMMU v3 provides the address translation for incoming ATS requests. As part of the PRI support, SMMU v3 implements a PRI queue that is filled by messages coming for the page request interface. The SMMU v3 sub-stream ID support is analogous to the PESID ID and helps in identifying various translation regimes. SMMU v3 also supports nested translation with the help of its various data structures called stream table entry and context descriptors. We need support for nested translation since in case of virtualization, the device would usually want to do both stage 1 as well as stage 2 translation so that the device is isolated at the VM level as well. The stream table entry in SMMU v3 usually stores the configuration for stage 2 translation whereas the context descriptor provides the translation configuration for stage 1. On the software side, when looking at the virtualization scenario, various software pieces that are required in order to implement SVA could be we need support for virtual machine manager such as KVM tool that can allow hosting a number of virtual machines. In addition to support for KVM, there is additional support needed for VFIO as well as VARTAIU-IUMMU in order to realize SVA. Para-virtualized IUMMU or VARTAIU-IUMMU present in the guest provides the DMA remapping capability for devices that are running in the guest kernel. The VFIO framework or the virtual function IO framework provides the IO virtualization technique called PCI pass through or device assignment. VFIO allows any PCI device to be assigned to the guest directly. These various software pieces will also be explained in upcoming slides. Now, in order to understand the SVA flow, let us first try to understand it at the host operating system level. This will help in identifying the various pieces and how to put together these pieces in order to realize the complete SVA system. Any SVA system, for example, which is running in a host kernel environment, will involve three basic things. One is SVA binding, then page table preparations and lastly the IO page fault handling. SVA binding refers to the process of binding the device PESID ID with the process address space. This will help in referring to the right virtual memory address space for any incoming requests coming from the device. The page table preparation as part of this, the SMMU V3 context descriptors are programmed with the CPU page table information. These CPU page table information will now serve as the stage 1 table, will now serve as the translation tables that can be walked by the SMMU V3 now. The IO page fault handler that is running in the kernel driver should provide or should call the kernel page fault handler in order to update the CPU page tables. So that any page faults can be handled. Once these page faults are handled, the IO page fault handler also sends a command PRI response, which is a SMMU V3 command that is sent to the device as part of successful PRI request completion. Now on the right, let's look at this diagram that provides the flow of SVA in a host environment. A PCA class driver is controlling the PCA device. This PCA device can directly talk to the SMMU V3 hardware. This SMMU V3 hardware is controlled by SMMU V3 driver running in the host kernel. Now in order to start the SVA function, the PCA class driver will first try to enable various hardware features that are required in order to realize SVA. These functions can involve supporting the functionality for ATS and PRI. As part of this, the SMMU V3 functionality for ATS and PRI will also be enabled. Now once these functionalities are enabled, the PCA class driver will then request for SVA bind to happen. As part of this, the SMMU V3 will also try to program the PESID tables or the context descriptors with the CPU page table information. At this stage, the device PESID is also bound to the process address space and any incoming transactions that are originating from the PCA device and that contain the PESID information can be linked to the particular process address space. Once the device finishes SVA binding, the class driver can now initiate a DMA. It will first try to program a DMA buffer, which can be a user space pointer. Once the device starts a DMA, it will first send ATS request. Now in a case where the user space pointer is not a resident memory, the ATS request will fail and the ATS completion will be sent back to the device with a translation failure. If the PRI is enabled on the PCA device, the PCA device will then try to send a request for PRI. This request will go to the translation agent, which can be RMSMU V3. RMSMU V3 has PRIQ implemented and this PRIQ is filled with the information from this PRIDLB packet. Once the PRIQ is filled, there is an interrupt raised and this interrupt will then be serviced by the SMMU V3 driver running in the host kernel. As part of this interrupt handler, the SMMU V3 driver will try to invoke the kernel page fault handler so that the page fault can be handled and the CPU page tables can be populated. Once the CPU page tables are populated and there is a correct mapping for VA2 physical address space, a successful PRI response has to be sent to the PCA device. As part of this, the SMMU V3 will send a command PRI response and thereby the SMMU V3 hardware will send a successful page response to the PCA device. Once the PRI is succeeded, the device can send the ETS request once again and this time the ETS will be successful with the translation for VA2-PA and this will then complete the DMA workload. Now let us talk about the virtualization. Virtualization is one of the key enabling technology in infrastructure platforms. It allows sharing of resources between various virtual machines, be it IU resource or the CPU resource. Various IU virtualization techniques such as PCA pass through or emulation allows sharing the IU devices among various virtual machines. PCA pass through is one of the most common IU virtualization technique and it allows the PCA device to be assigned to a virtual machine. Any class driver that is running in the guest can control the PCA device directly and the user space applications can program various workloads running in the virtual machine. On the right side is a software layout depicting the software stack running at various exception levels on an ARM64 system. The hardware layer consists of PCA accelerator device as well as ARM SMM UV3. These two are controlled by their respective drivers that are running in the host kernel which is running at EL2 exception level. The host kernel also runs the KVM stub which provides support to host various virtual machines using a virtual machine manager such as KVM tool or KMU. The VFIO interface or the VFIO framework running in the Linux kernel at EL2 provides support for direct device assignment or PCA pass through and thereby the PCA accelerator device can be assigned to the guest kernel. The KVM tool virtual machine manager running at EL1 should implement support for this VFIO and it also needs to implement support for the back end IOMMU driver. A front end IOMMU driver present in the guest kernel running at EL1 provides support for DMA remapping for various device drivers running at guest kernel level. Any guest application running at EL0 can program the workload via the PCA class driver into the PCA accelerator device which is now assigned to this virtual machine. So some of the key components of this entire software stack is one is the IU virtualization technique or which is the PCA pass through and the VFIO PCIe enables support for that. The DMA remapping capability in the guest via nested translation is supported with the help of VARTIU IOMMU driver. The front end VARTIU driver is running in the guest kernel while the back end VARTIU IOMMU driver is running in the virtual machine manager. Now as part of this entire software stack any DMA faults also have to be handled and these DMA faults are handled with the help of the VFIO interface only. This software stack provides the basis for implementing SVA in the virtual machine environment. So the current proposed design of SVA is based on the VFIO and IOMMU API changes that were posted by Eric and a big thank to him for this work. These changes implement various VFIO and IOMMU user APIs that will enable supporting shared virtual addressing using a virtual machine manager. There's also an ongoing IOMMU user API proposal by Kevin which provides support for various user API implementations in order to request for various pieces that are needed for shared virtual addressing such as programming stage one page tables into the IOMMU hardware requesting for TLB invalidations and so on. This user API proposal also brings together the various pieces for iOS ID allocations and management interface. The changes that are done in what IOMMU driver should mostly be independent of the various IOMMU or VFIO user API changes. Some of the additions that are proposed to the IOMMU specification as well as the driver include separate set of requests for programming the stage one page tables for requesting TLB invalidations as well as sending the successful page response back to the host. And couple of feature bits have been added as part of this support. Now let us understand the flow of SVA in virtual machine as per this current design. Considering the DMM map use case where the device or where the device driver running the guest kernel would initiate the DMA on a PCI device that is assigned to the virtual machine. The device driver will first initiate a DMA and as part of that the what IOMMU driver will try to program the PESID tables or the stage one page tables with the CPU information with the CPU page table information. It will then send a attached table request to the underlying back end what are your driver the back end what are your driver running in the KBM tool will process this attached table request and will prepare a VFIO structure that contains all this information. This VFIO layer will then call particular I octals such as for setting the PESID table in order to program the stage one page tables. This call flow will trickle down to our MSMU V3 driver where the driver will pass the stage one page table information such as TTBR, the translation control register settings, etc. and will program these stage one page table configurations into the RMSMU V3 hardware. Now the stage one page tables are programmed and the DMA can be initiated. When the DMA is initiated and the PCI device sends the ATS request the ATS request would fail when the page is not resident. As part of that the RMSMU V3 hardware will raise a fault. This fault information will be passed by the RMSMU V3 driver and it will call all the masters to handle the fault information. The VFIO interface will try to pass this fault information and it will prepare a fault buffer information and it will program that into a VFIO region which is a new region that is added as part of the SV implementation by Eric. Once this VFIO region is programmed with the DMA fault information an event FD is raised. This event FD reaches the user space running at TL1 and the KVM tool VFIO driver will pass the VFIO or the DMA fault information and it will program the DMA fault information into the VTIO IMMU. The VTIO IMMU driver running at the KVM tool will program the VTIO rings with this fault information and it will signal the VTIO queue so that the front end VTIO IMMU driver can handle the fault information. The guest IMMU driver will pass this DMA fault information and it will invoke the kernel page fault handler so that the CPU page tables can be updated for this particular virtual machine. Once the CPU page table informations are updated a successful response has to be sent back to the PCA device. The VTIO IMMU driver and the guest will prepare a page response and it will send the page response request to the underlying backend VTIO IMMU driver. This will be translated into the VFIO structure and the VFIO will write that page response into the DMA fault response VFIO region. This write will be handled by the VFIO interface running at the host kernel and the fault information will be sent back to the IMMU driver. This IMMU driver, if it's a successful page response it will then send a command PRI response to the PCA device. The unmapped requests or the request for invalidations also go via the same flow where the VTIO IMMU driver prepares the invalidation requests and these requests go to the host RMS MMUV3 driver via VFIO layer. And the various TLBs that can be tagged with the PESID information can be flushed. On the right we see now a consolidated flow diagram for this DMA mapping in a VSVA implementation. The pass through PCA device will have to initiate a DMA but before that happens the VTIO IMMU driver will try to program the Stage 1 page tables and it will send the attached table request and the set PESID table IOCTL for VFIO will be called and the Stage 1 page tables will be programmed as part into the RMS MMUV3 driver. Now when the DMA is initiated with guest virtual address this address may not be resident into the memory and that's why when the ATS request comes to the RMS MMUV3 it will try to walk the Stage 1 page tables but in the absence of write mapping it will raise a fault. This fault information will be sent back to the VTIO IMMU driver running in the guest and it will try to populate the CPU page tables with the write mapping as part of the page fault handling. Once the page fault is handled the page response is sent back to the SMMUV3 with the help of new requests from VTIO IMMU. This page response information is parsed by the RMS MMUV3 driver and the command PRI response is written into the command queue of RMS MMUV3. As part of that, as part of the command PRI response a successful page response is sent back to the PCA device and the page fault is handled. Now looking at the current upstreaming status major work towards enabling the SVS support in guest kernel has been done in the word IUIMMU driver. Most of these changes are independent of the user API changes in VFIO or IUMMU. These changes mostly include support for nested page table and the support for handling DMA fault from the host kernel and to send the page fault response from the guest kernel back to the host kernel. Couple of patch series that have been posted sometime back are present here and the next version we are planning to publish soon. We are also planning to incorporate any changes into the word IUIMMU driver arising from the dependencies from the IUMMU user API proposal. The KVM tool changes are based on the word IUIMMU driver changes that are done by John Philip present in this branch. And a big thank to John Philip for his overall guidance in order to implement this SPA. That is all I had in the presentation. Thank you so much.


But let's talk about last night because don't do not sleep on this Dolphins team We liked him in the beginning wrote them off when two have got hurt But he made his return tongue go by Loa back in action last night getting the Dolphins to win Miami moob stuff Four and three happened to be my two favorite numbers and by the way, they are four and oh when Tua starts and finishes the game Yes, there were some lulls in there especially in the second half But he was sharp enough to get it done early, right? He got them to a huge lead 13 zip out the gates in the Dolphins defense. They got a go win They're like a locomotive down there in Miami. I liked it the shots look beautiful and Sunday night football I want to be in Miami Enjoying that they intercepted, you know who didn't want to be there. Can he pick it? Who doesn't can't pick it looked great at times. He really did but he likes to take risks and turn them all over three Interceptions And yeah, I think a bunch of you people watching this show Jumped off the Dolphins bandwagon after Tua's injury with that win Miami already back on the right side of the playoff picture And I don't think they're going anywhere as long as number one stays healthy So that's my big takeaway from last night Andrew Hawkins is here in studio. I haven't seen him yet. I'm told he's here I gotta tell you guys. I can't hear anything in my ear. Oh I'm not hearing program like if there's music or anything. I don't hear anything. I didn't hear our show open I didn't hear the animation just letting you guys know in case anybody needs to talk to me if stuff if stuff goes down I don't hear I have anybody. All right, but maybe it's because I'm old and I can't hear but I'm just about as old as these two old G's that uh Listen, it's not looking good. Oh G's oh boy Because we are almost at the halfway point of this season There's a lot left to go and when it comes to Tom Brady and Aaron Rodgers I'm for one finding it very difficult to RELax very difficult to relax after a brutal 21 to 3 loss at the hands of the Panthers The Panthers with a fire sale who got rid of everybody. All right the Bucks have fallen my friends to three and four Brady has a losing record through seven read it and weep It's the first time it's been the case in 20 years the last time it happened 2002 did they make a playoffs that year? Nope, they didn't Rodgers. Yeah Rodgers now also three and four after falling 23 to 21 At Washington I said don't Do you lose for the commanders? Don't do it This of course despite the help of a pick six from his D if they didn't have that pick six it would have been over I would have been in a wrap I would have you know gone and taken my hike and tried to avoid the rattlesnakes in California way earlier in this game But this is again the first time and Aaron Rodgers entire career that he's had a losing record at this point of the season Now I've said this before But the more and I'm not smiling about it's just I don't want this to end this way for either of them But the more I see both of those offenses struggle the more I am convinced and it makes me mad And it frees me that no one is listening to me These two legends need to start taking things off of their plates I cannot sit here any longer and tell the Packers to run the ball I cannot tell Tom Brady enough Tom Brady who his entire career is built around defense and running and distributing the ball The Bucks offense is absurdly unbalanced. You just thought 50 drop-backs for Brady to just 14 carries for the Bucks running backs Or the last five games Brady's averaging 48.4 drop-backs per game and the record Says one in four. That's it the Bucks. Listen, they got the talent It's not quite working with those guys back yet But they have the talent to get the passing game going, but they cannot be this one-dimensional I don't know why it's happening and for Rodgers. I mean goddamn. I can't say anymore. I just can't I can't I And I don't know if it's the floor. I think it's Rogers Calm the shots there James Jones comes on our show Regularly our fandom hold on a second our fan dual family and I say to him Does he have it in him to run the ball to not take shots? And then these series happened where they should be running and he's throwing and all of that It's obvious that Rogers is Taking it all on his shoulders to fix it and make it happen. I've said for weeks. They need to run the football I don't even know why I'm sitting up here anymore like I quit at this point I don't even know if I could talk about the Packers anymore 12 12 carries I said here Friday simplifying the offense means Aaron Jones They have a tandem AJ Dylan 12 carries and they did get Aaron Jones the ball in the passing game couple beautiful grabs out there 35 passes for Aaron Rodgers and to who I don't even know what we're doing here. I Feel like both of these guys are trying to shoulder the load themselves. So The question I was musing on this morning is who's making the decisions I want to blame the floor and I want to blame, you know, the coaching staff down there in Tampa Bay. Everybody involved, but We all know that it is Aaron Rodgers and it is Tom Brady that have control over these offenses and at the line of scrimmage And it's them and you guys both know better and I love you both when you've been your most successful It has not been because you are throwing 50 times a game It's when you are taking what the defense is giving you and trusting the guys that are around you I can never give up on either of these quarterbacks, but I think I'm real panic button like trigger happy like let's go here It kind of reminds me of And there you know Rodgers is like a year older than me. So it's not like an ageist thing But at a certain point these coaching staffs might have to trick these quarterbacks into not doing so much Listen my dad loves to shovel the driveway when it's snowing in Chicago and he loves it and I you know But he's in his 70s and it's you know, I have to say hey dad. Why don't you help me with this paperwork? I don't understand life my car insurance or health insurance Can you look at this and I sneak out and I shovel the driveway or I convince him Somehow because otherwise like my dad's always gonna want to shovel the driveway at 85 will be out there You have to sort of find a way to finesse that situation Into doing what's best for the team and that of course is run the ball and stop shouldering everything I basically just called Aaron Rodgers and Tom Brady 80 year old man, which is not what I'm saying I'm saying the coaching staff is just as Important and just as responsible for what's been going on. All right, let's talk about something happy How awesome is this whole Daniel Jones thing because there's been this narrative that he's not great And there's a narrative that he's a good leader and he's tough And there's this narrative that he's just kind of along for the ride and what's going on in the hoopla in New York And after then beating the Jags 23 17 the Giants Are six and one and to put that into perspective guys They have won six games and an entire season just once since the last time they made the playoffs back in 2016 That is insane. It has been an incredible early season run We are all here for it, but there has been this feeling that oh Jones is fine. It's all say quad that it's you know, it's all Brian Dable Jalen Jones is just there It's the defense and I will say that's not completely unfair and I won't say that but after yesterday that narrative is Dead more rushing yards than say Juan Barclay He put the ball in the air 30 plus times gorgeous touchdown to slay and he converted some key third downs ran for 107 as you saw on the score Averaging just under 10 yards for Kerry There's still a lot of season left and a lot to be determined as to whether or not the Giants offer him an extension Whether or not he's the future, but what a step in the right direction He had to do things he did them and he did them well So we continue to celebrate the Giants into week eight, which we love Another big takeaway of mine and I need to hear yours because there's so much that you want here So up in Adam's show is our Twitter handle get it going what needs more real estate in our 60-minute program here Andrew Hawkins is backstage somewhere Probably causing a ruckus and I'm ready to come out here and hang out and party with me to wrap up the rest of of week Seven to get you separate tonight's action as well But another big takeaway speaking of wide receivers and Hawkins is that I'm ready to say the Chiefs officially don't miss Tyreek I was kind of back and forth on this all year But I'm ready to admit the Chiefs don't miss Tyreek Hill the Holmes lit up The scariest defense in the land in my opinion the Niners for 23 three scores He fueled this 44 23 blowout win But it was even more impressive than that it really was he had seven completions of 20 plus yards to four Different receivers the big plays people they are happening without Tyreek Hill MBS and juju each over a hundred receiving yards in this one That is the first time my home has gotten a hundred plus yards out of two ride receivers in the same game The first time ever McColl Hardman was the so fetch of the NFL We're all trying to make with the Kevin White effect They're trying to make McColl Hardman happen and he had himself a day. So cheers to him this morning He became the first wide receiver in the Super Bowl era with two rushing touchdowns And a receiving touchdown in the second game this offense looked just as explosive as ever And you see the chemistry building between the Holmes and these weapons with each passing week So I'm just gonna say this and Bill's fans think I hate him even though I love him bills fans Brian I'm not saying I'm saying Simply well first watch out for those bangles because they are comfy and looking good But I will also say Bill's fans just don't get too comfortable during this bye week I'll say that don't get too comfortable. You know as you have it you weren't playing now You've got the you think you've got the Packers the lowly Packers next Sunday night I don't know we'll get to that Aaron Rodgers and versus Josh Allen for week eight But later in the show we'll of course hit the cheaps and the 49ers with our Bay Area friend staff guys staff is coming on the show After that loss isn't me a joyous occasion on up an Adam show. Don't you it's like my my jacket


Up next video from the crucial moments while the marathon was underway Before the attack what investigators are looking for in every image will assess for you And you may have seen the video a man blown off his feet when the bombs went off. He's telling his dramatic story