Hi, I'm Dr. Mithi Sai Kainliathuji from AMC Polysherry and my paper presentation on imaging of cranium vertebral junction abnormalities in multi detector CT and MRI. Introduction. Cranium vertebral junction is the transit zone between the cranium and spine, most complex as well as the dynamic region of spine. It encloses the soft tissue structures of the cervical medullary junctions like medullar spinal cord and lower cranial nerves. Cranium vertebral junction may can be contaminated, developmental or due to malformation secondary to any acquired disease process. These anomalies can lead to neural and vascular compromise, obstructive hypercephalus and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. So my objectives are to establish the role of free treatment evaluation of cranium vertebral junction abnormalities. So outline normal anatomy of cranium vertebral junction to study the most common developmental and acquired CVJ abnormalities and to arrange the frequently detected CVJ pathological imaging findings. So the materials and methods. This is an institution based prospective observational study from G, B, O, 16 slides and flips MRI on 0.5 test lab. And my sample size is 46. Duration is for a period of two years from October 2019 to September 2021. So inclusion criteria has all patients suspected to have cranial vertebral junction disorder were included in the study from all age groups and both genders. Detailed clinical history was taken and exclusion criteria is a post-operative patient and the post-operative patients. So this pie chart showing a 61 percentage of cranium vertebral congenital anomalies and 22% of trauma, 8% for infertials and 9% for inflammatory conditions. So the result is this is a prospective study of 46 cases of cranium vertebral junction abnormalities. 28 cases that is 61% for congenital abnormalities and 10 patients that is 22% of trauma and 8% of infection and 9% of rheumatoid arthritis. And maines were more common than females. And here in MRI findings, odentite fracture is more common compared with the fracture of uterus and the axis. Among the odentite fractures, type 3 fractures more common. So conclusion, most common abnormality was due to congenital followed by trauma, infection and inflammatory conditions. Among congenital anomalies, os odonium was most common. Among trauma, type 2 odonium fracture was most common. CVJ abnormalities constitute an important group of irritable neurological disorders. Thus it is essential that radiologists should be able to make the precise diagnosis of CVJ abnormalities, classify them and rule out important limiters on CT and MRA. As this information ultimately helps to determine the management of such abnormalities, prognosis and frailty of proliferation. So let us see some of the images. MECRAE line is a line between the basin of Pistion. The tip of dense should always be below this line. If it is above this line, suggestive of basilar invasion. The sagittal CT image of the main shows, cervical spine shows. This line is above the MECRAE line. So the suggestive of basilar invasion. Then os odonium. This is the normal anatomy. At the tip of the odontal, this is the body of axis. This is the normal anatomy. This is the os odonium. This is the separation of the portion of the odentite process from the body of axis. It is the most common developmental anomaly. A small oval-cauticated ossicle with smooth circumferential cortical merchant. This is the anterior-atlanto-dental interval on flexion on neutral and extensin position showing the distance between the anterior-atlanto-dental is reduced. On coronal reconstruction showing a proper alignment of lateral-atlanto-dental joints. And this suggestive of reducible atranpo-axial instability. This is MRA stear mid-sagittal image shows, a syringomyelia. And a peg-like tonsil, which is lies below the pyramid diagonal, suggestive of coronal caring. Now, this is a anterior-atlanto-dental junction pupil process. A 40-year-old history of bilateral limb weakness. This is a sagittal T1 and T2 weighted image showing the restriction of odentite process. A patless and anterior-atlanto-C1 with a pre-vertebral abscess and secondary spinal canal stenosis. This is a T2 odentite fracture. And the first.


Let's get into the word. Matthew chapter 3. We're going to be looking this morning at the baptism of Jesus. What I'll do is I'm going to introduce our study by by reminding you of a couple of things that we saw in the verses prior to this, verses 7 through 12. I'll especially speak a little bit on verses 11 and 12 and then move in to the context of the baptism of Jesus found in verses 13 through 17. So I'll read verses 13 through 17 and then get into our study. Matthew writes, then Jesus came from Galilee to John at the Jordan to be baptized by him and John tried to prevent him, saying, I have need to be baptized by you and are you coming to me? Jesus answered and said to him, permit it to be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness, then he allowed him. Then Jesus, when he had been baptized, came up immediately from the water and behold, the heavens were open to him and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and alighting upon him and suddenly a voice came from heaven saying, this is my beloved son in whom I am well pleased. The last time we were together, we looked at verses 7 through 12 and in verses 7 through 12 John had been sharing certain things and in verse 11, we'll use verse 11 as an introduction because he had said, I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance. So John's baptism was intended to prepare people for the coming Messiah. John had what is called the baptism of repentance, but the Messiah also had a baptism that he would perform. The Messiah would administer what is called the baptism of the Holy Spirit and fire. I want to develop that with you for just a moment because human nature without God is hopelessly trapped in sinful desires and sinful practices. Paul wrote concerning that when he was writing to the Romans and he had said in Romans 3, 10 through 12 as the scriptures say no one is good, not even one. No one has real understanding. No one is seeking God. All have turned away from God. All have gone wrong. No one does good, not even one. So Paul was saying that man does not in the deepest sense seek God, nor does he truly try to please God. So to produce a life that truly seeks God requires the working of the Holy Spirit in our lives. Now when you look into the Old Testament, there's the book of Ezekiel and God made a promise in the book of Ezekiel. It's found in Ezekiel 36 25 through 26. He said, then I will sprinkle clean water on you and you shall be clean. I will cleanse you from all your filthiness and from all your idols. I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you. I will take the heart of stone out of your flesh and give you a heart of flesh. That promise was fulfilled in the ministry of the Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus cleanses us, Jesus gives us a new heart and Jesus gives us a new spirit. And that's what every person truly needs, a brand new life. But the question is, how does that happen? Well, when you study your Bible and you read John chapter four, John records an interesting occurrence. He records a conversation that the Lord Jesus Christ had with a very thirsty woman at a well in a place called Samaria. John tells us it was noon. His disciples had left him by the well as they went into the city to buy food. And as he rested by the well, a woman came and she drew near. In order that she might draw some water from the well. And as she approached the well to draw water, Jesus spoke to her and he said to her woman, give me something to drink. And John records how the woman looked at Jesus and said to him, how is it that you, being a Jew, ask water from me, a woman of Samaria? And then John records how that the Jews had no dealings with Samaritans. And so as Jesus begins this conversation with this woman, he told her that if she knew who he was, she would have asked him for living water. And when he said that to her, he said something that was truly amazing. It's found in John four, 13 and 14. And Jesus answered, said to her, whoever drinks of this water will thirst again. But whoever drinks of the water that I shall give him will never thirst. But the water that I shall give him will become in him a fountain of water springing up into everlasting life. You're thirsty right now for water that doesn't satisfy. You have to come over and over again every day to get up this water. And then you have to replenish your supply. You have to come, you have to draw, you have to drink and you do you do that all the time. But if you knew who it was who was speaking to you and the gift of God, you would have said to him, I want living water. That living water is a symbol of the Holy Spirit, the work of the Holy Spirit within the life of a believer. It's a gift. It's a promise that God has given to us if we trust him, if we give our lives to Christ. The Holy Spirit was promised by Jesus to his disciples. In John four, 14, 16 and 17, he said, I will pray the Father and he will give you another helper that he may abide with you forever. The spirit of truth whom the world cannot receive because it neither sees him nor knows him. But you know him for he dwells with you and he will be in you. The Holy Spirit in many ways people try and draw a relationship with God in natural ways. They become disciplined, they become moral, they become ethical, they become religious. They pursue what they think that God would have of them, require of them through their own efforts. But the fact of the matter is is we cannot in any way, shape or form ever do that which is good. And in reality, none of us is truly even seeking after him. It's God who has to come and reach down to us. And God is able to give to us a power that we don't have. He gives to us the power of the Holy Spirit. There are a lot of people who are good people in terms of at least when you begin to look at their lives in comparison to others. You most certainly wouldn't say that they're the most evil that they could possibly be. They may be very good people in comparison to somebody else. But the fact is is that the Lord wants to do something within us. That isn't an external thing, but it's actually something that's internal that has worked out externally. He wants to pour within us his Holy Spirit. He wants us to have this baptism that John was speaking about when he said he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. Now after his resurrection, Jesus spoke to his disciples. He gave them a promise as well as an order in Luke 24.49. He said, behold, I send the promise of my father upon you, but tarry in the city of Jerusalem until you are endued with power from on high promise. I will give you power. The command, wait. This this promise of power takes place on the day of Pentecost. One hundred and twenty are waiting in an upper room there in the city of Jerusalem. And as they're there united in one accord in prayer, tongues of fire began to land on each one of them. And they begin to be filled with the spirit. They actually go out of that room. And they begin to speak of the wonderful works of God and the church was birthed. And what we have then is what we need now. The Holy Spirit who works within our lives, the power of God who works within our lives, the power of God who is resident within us. You know, when you look in church history, even recent history, and you see the Jesus movement, there are those who think, well, the Jesus movement was was a movement because well, they started using colloquial methodologies in terms of we didn't have a formalization in terms of our preaching. We spoke as just ordinary folk to ordinary folk or we had music that at that time was connecting with with the youth. And and it was just one of those those seasons and all that that occurred because of some very basic sociological things. And that's not true at all. The Jesus movement did have music and still does the Jesus movement did have conversational communication from pulpits. It still does. But what made the Jesus movement, the Jesus movement and what has always made the Jesus movement, the Jesus movement is the is the Holy Spirit working within us. We were taught you need to seek and after the Lord you need to pursue him as if you were dying of thirst and only he could only he could satisfy.  Seek him and we did and we do. I would encourage you even as I was sharing just this last Wednesday night, I would encourage you seek the power of the Holy Spirit in your life, wake up in the morning and say, God, in Jesus' name, fill me with your spirit. Listen, when you wake up in the morning, the Lord is there waiting for you, but the enemy is too.  He wants to steal. He wants to kill. He wants to destroy you and any person who's being used by the Lord is going to be attacked by the enemy and he need the power of the Holy Spirit in your life and I would encourage you as a church. I would encourage all of us seek the Lord while he may be found. Ask God to work within our lives. And John was saying, he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit in fire. Now the baptism of fire, one of the things that happens when you get saved and you get filled with the Spirit and you begin to be used by the Lord is you become a weapon in the hand of the Lord and the enemy doesn't like it. You see, he likes the fact that people very often who profess to be Christians actually are doing his work by living lives that don't reflect Christ at all. There's no hunger for fellowship. There's no purity. There's no holiness. There's there's nothing there. They're just in Christian in name only. And he actually, I believe benefits from that. But what happens when you get on fire for the Lord? What happens when you actually begin to speak out and you begin to share with friends and family? What happens when you begin to speak with coworkers or neighbors or whatever, and you begin to actually be transformed? Well, the enemy has a way of coming against you. So as you wake up in the morning and you say, God, fill me with the Spirit, the enemy is also wanting to destroy the work that God is doing in you.  And so this fire has at least one aspect of it. And that could be the purification that takes place when you come to faith in Christ and God through trials begins to, to remove the things that really do not have a place in your life. And, uh, and that does allows the Holy Spirit to produce fruit in you. That brings honor to him. You see the purifying work of the Holy Spirit in the life of the believer very often comes through trials. That's why the psalmist in Psalm 66 10 says, for you, oh God, have tested us, you have refined us as silver is refined or Proverbs 17 three, the refining pot is for silver, the furnace for gold, but the Lord tests the hearts or first Peter chapter one, verse seven, that the trial of your faith being much more precious than of gold that perishes, though it'd be tried with fire, might be found into praise and honor and glory at the period of Jesus Christ. So listen, listen, when you, when you say to the Lord, I want to be used by you, the Lord is going to refine you. So don't, uh, don't get all, um, discouraged by the fiery trials that try you because it's God simply refining you. It's God purifying you.  And so the Holy Spirit, when you're baptized in the power of the Holy Spirit, there's also a purification, but this also may be an illusion to verse 12, an illusion to the judgment that ultimately comes on those who reject Christ. Because in verse 12, it says, his winnowing fan is in his hand. He will thoroughly purge his threshing floor and gather his wheat into the barn, but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire. So it may have an application for the judgment that comes upon those who reject Jesus. In Matthew 13, versus 41 and 42, we read, the Son of man will send out his angels and they will gather out of his kingdom, all things that offend and those who practice lawlessness and will cast them into the furnace of fire. There will be wailing and gnashing of teeth. And so as we've been looking at this, we now move into verse 13, where it says, then Jesus came from Galilee to John at the Jordan to be baptized by him. John tried to prevent him, saying, I have need to be baptized by you. And are you coming to me? But Jesus answered and said to him, permit it to be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness. Then he allowed him. This baptism of Jesus is anointing for service. I'm going to give you some things that maybe, maybe will help you in the future to have answers for some questions that you might have asked of you. We'll begin by saying that at this time, Jesus is around 30 years of age. How do we know that? Well, the Gospel of Luke chapter three, verse 23 tells us that. Now over the years, there has been speculation that Jesus had performed ministry as a child. And there are books written that claim that Jesus spent 17 years in India. That's nonsense. Others claim that hidden Gospels have been found written by Philip or Thomas. That is what is called scholastic nonsense. But it is believed by those who desire such things.  But the Bible teaches us that Jesus was around 30 years of age when he began his ministry and he was brown 30 when he got baptized. What we trust in is what the Bible says concerning him. We need to remember that the Gospel of Luke was written from a historical perspective with much research and interviews. Luke records that Jesus went to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover at the age of 12. But after doing so, Jesus went home to Nazareth and he remained there according to Luke two fifty one. After this, John was sent to prepare his way. And now it's time to make himself known. So Jesus is around 30 years old. At this point, John has been ministering a short time. He's been ministering for a few months, more than likely less than a year. Now, Jesus comes from Galilee specifically to John. Now, John was baptized in a region called Southern Judah about two miles north of the Dead Sea. And it says in verse 13 that Jesus came from Galilee to John at the Jordan to be baptized by him. Now, that word came is a Greek word. It speaks of Jesus arriving in an official sense. Now, he didn't come with any disciples. He was alone and he came specifically to be baptized by John. Jesus did not have a private baptism. As some have thought in the past, his baptism was in front of many witnesses, according to Luke three twenty one, where it says one day when the crowds were baptized, Jesus himself was baptized. Now, as Jesus approaches, notice verse 14, John tried to prevent him, saying, I have need to be baptized by you. And are you coming to me? Let's look at that for a moment. John tried to prevent him because he recognized something about Jesus. He saw something about him. And I want you to see what he said. I have need to be baptized by you. And are you coming to me? If you want to be used by the Lord, there needs to be a quality in your life called humility. You need to know who you are in light of who Jesus Christ is. It's called humility. Sometimes we will encounter people that we know have a relationship with the Lord that is very powerful, very deep. And it can make us feel very uncomfortable to be around them. I remember when I was a young pastor and I was speaking Pastor Chuck, I always held him in great admiration and I was about thirty one at the time and I was speaking to him. And I remember as I was approaching him to talk to this man that I admired so much. I remember consciously saying, think good thoughts, think good thoughts, because it was kind of like I thought he was going to look right through me and read my heart and had these piercing eyes that would look right at you. And I said, oh, no, he's reading my mind. And that was just with Pastor Chuck, just a man. All of us in this room have had people in our lives that perhaps as believers we have admired. We have said, what a great woman, what a great man of God that is. And you might have even felt a bit of intimidation when you were with them. You may have even felt that, you know, I, you know, they're just they're so close to the Lord. And and I don't sense the kind of closest that they have. And you could even be intimidated by them to be with them because they're just they've got such a trust in the love for Christ. Well, imagine what it would be like to be John and to have Jesus Messiah standing right in front of you. Naturally, there's going to be a response within you. Naturally, there's going to be. I have a need to be baptized by you and you're coming to baptize me. That's humility. See, if you want to have humility, all you need to do is spend time with Christ. When you spend time with the Lord, you see yourself for who you are in light of who he is when you're in the Word of God and you're reading the Word of God and you're meditating and praying and saying, God, help me. And listen, that's not just for pastors. That that's not just for Super Saints. That's for all the body of Christ. Every believer, if you want to draw closer to the Lord, every believer should do the basic, simple things. Read the Word of God daily, pray daily, fellowship as often as possible, share your faith. You will grow. I guarantee it. Get into the Word of God in prayer. You will grow. I guarantee it. God will move in your life. You will be used by the Lord. Spend time with him. And when you wake up in the morning and you say, God, in Jesus' name, fill me with your spirit. God, I want to be used by you. I promise that you will be used by the Lord and you will be opposed by the enemy. I promise it. See, the enemy of your soul, Satan, he does not want you sold out for Christ.  He comes to steal, kill and to destroy. And he will come after you. See, he doesn't come after the lukewarm and the carnal because they're doing work for him. There's hardly anything that stinks more in the nostrils of people than hypocrites. And when Christians act the hypocrite, when they say, oh, you need Jesus Christ, but they don't live for Christ themselves, he's, we're actually doing service for Satan in that because it causes people to say, look at what you have. I don't need. Why would I want any of that? Why would I want to be as miserable as you? Why do I want to gossip like you? Why do I want to have habits like yours? See, and yet we're saying, oh, Jesus, this and Jesus, that Satan, Satan actually uses that, unfortunately, but it's true.  I promise you the Lord will use you, but the enemy will oppose you. He will oppose you because he wants to discourage you and he wants to disarm you. He doesn't want you to be used by the Lord. So what you do is you humble yourself before the Lord and say, God, be merciful to me. I want to be used by you. You see, John tried to prevent him saying, I have need to be baptized by you and you're coming to me.  I'm trying to prepare people for you. You come to be baptized as any sinner is baptized.  You should be the one who baptizes me. You are sinless. Now, one thing the New Testament makes abundantly clear is that Jesus was without sin. A 2009 George Barnab poll gives us insight into what people think about Jesus. The poll revealed that fully one third of professing Christians are confident that Jesus sinned and estimated 75 million unchurched American adults believe that Jesus committed sins, but the groups most likely to believe that Jesus lived a sinless life are those who read their Bible, 67% and those who call themselves born again believers, 65%. The Bible teaches that Jesus did not have a sin nature and that Jesus never committed a single sin. In Hebrews 4 15, this high priest of ours understands our weaknesses, for he faced all the same temptations we do, yet he did not sin. First Peter 222, who committed no sin, nor was deceit found in his mouth. First John 3 5, you know that he was manifested to take away our sins and in him there is no sin. Second Corinthians 5 21, for he made him who knew no sin to be sinned for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in him. Only Jesus could ever ask the question, which of you convicts me of sin? Jesus could say that to his mom. He could say it in front of his brothers and his sisters. He could say, Mama, can you give me one sin that I have committed? Try that with your own mom someday. Mom, your mom will say, how much time do you have? Where do you want to start? At one, two, three, four, five, anywhere. Because our moms know us and the things that they have discovered about us, they're able to very easily, important, say, of course you sinned when you did this, you disobeyed that, you came in late, you used bad language, I mean the whole nine yards. Our moms can say that, but Jesus could sit down with Mama Holder by the hand, look at her face and he can say, can you convict me of sin? And she would say, no, of course not, you never sinned. He could do that with his brothers and his sisters. Can any of you convict me of sin? You see, it's one thing for somebody like myself who's not personally well known by every person in the church to stand up and say, which of you could, I would never do that, of course, because you could, but which of you can convict me of sin? And it's one thing to be able to do that, but try to do that with your family. And Jesus could do that. Jesus is the only one in history who is able to ever say, which of you convicts me of sin and not a single person could. So John recognizes his own sinfulness as he stands before the one who is without sin. And though he was the greatest amongst other men, he was only a sinner before Jesus Christ. And if the greatest ever born amongst men needed Jesus, how much more do we? And so in verse 15, Jesus says, permit it to be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness. In other words, though this may not seem to be appropriate, in fact, it truly is. This must take place at this time in order for God's plan to be fulfilled. John, it's important for both of our ministries, because it validates yours and it begins mine. And so he says, permit it to be so. Now, why would Jesus have been baptized? Well, one, by being baptized, the openly demonstrates that John's standard of righteousness is valid. Repentance is necessary to be prepared for the kingdom of God. Second, by being baptized, he identifies with sinful mankind. It's been said he who had no sin took his place amongst those who had no righteousness. When we get to Matthew chapter nine in about six years, in verses 11 and 12, it says, when the Pharisees sought, they said to his disciples, why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners? When Jesus heard that, he said to them, those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick. Jesus spent time with sinners because he's the great physician. And ultimately, when Jesus died on that cross, he fulfilled Isaiah 5312, which reads he was numbered with the transgressors. And so he's identified with sinful mankind.  His own baptism is a picture of what later would be referred to as Christian baptism. In Romans chapter six verse four, Paul said, we were buried with him through baptism into death that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. It says in verse 16, when he had been baptized, that he came up immediately from the water. So both John's baptism and the baptism administered by the apostles represented cleansing of sin. There's was a baptism unto repentance, but Christian baptism is different in that it's a recognition of death and resurrection. The important symbol in baptism is that of immersion. It's not of a sprinkling or of a pouring. You see, the fact that Jesus came up immediately from the water reveals that he was immersed in it. The word baptized is the anglicized version of the Greek word, baptizo. Baptizo speaks of an object being dipped into water, not water being poured on or sprinkled on that object. Baptizo speaks of dying cloth, and so you have the dye in a bowl, and you have the cloth in your hand, and you dip the cloth into the bowl, and thus you are baptizing it. It's not you taking the bowl and pouring it on the cloth, it's you taking the cloth and putting it into the bowl. Jesus was in the water, and it says he came out because Jesus went under. When your water baptized as a Christian, and I share this, and those of you who have been baptized here, or you've been taught this already. I will say, remember, this is a living drama, you are standing in the water, you go down into it, that is death and burial. When you come out of that water, that is a symbol of your life being raised with Christ. Death, burial, resurrection. And so the Lord Jesus Christ was water baptized, identifying with man, validating the ministry of John, and also representing the future Christian baptism. Now, as this is taking place, a second event transpires. He's anointed by the spirit as he comes out of the water. The heavens are open, the spirit descends upon him. Why did the Holy Spirit descend from heaven upon Jesus? Well, as fully man, he's anointed for service. In his humanity, there's a requirement for strength that only the Holy Spirit can supply. In Luke 4, 18 and 19, Jesus said it like this, the spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor, he has sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, recovery of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord. So in his humanity, there's a requirement for strength that only the spirit supplies. Two, it was a confirming sign for John, who was able to confirm this anointing, because he says in John 132 through 134, I saw the spirit come down from heaven as a dove and remain on him. I would not have known him except that the one who sent me to baptize with water told me, the man on whom you see the spirit come down and remain is he who will baptize with the Holy Spirit. I have seen and testify that this is the Son of God. So he's anointed and confirmed John's ministry. And then finally, verse 17, suddenly a voice came from heaven saying, this is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased. Notice with me that the Trinity participated in the baptism of Jesus. Jesus is baptized, the spirit descends and the Father commands. And he says, in whom I am well pleased. An offering to God that would be commended was a God, what was rather an offering, an offering that was without imperfection. In Leviticus 1, verses 2 and 3, God said, speak to the Israelites and say to them, many of you bring an offering to the Lord. Bring as your offering an animal from either the herd or the flock that the offering is a burnt offering from the herd used to offer a male without defect. He must present it at the entrance to the tent of meeting so that it will be acceptable to the Lord. So they would bring the best offering that they had. And with that, God was pleased. So only Jesus could be perfectly pleasing to the Father. All other sacrifices were imperfect. Jesus was the only perfect offering. 1 Peter 1 19 simply says that Jesus was a lamb unblemished and spotless. Only Jesus was well pleasing to God and only in Christ can we be also. He has made him who knew no sin to be sin so that we might be made the righteousness of God in him. No matter how I try to be acceptable, no matter what I do to become acceptable, the only way that I can be acceptable is through faith in Christ. The only way that I can be used by the Lord to do anything that is pleasing to him is to walk in his spirit. The only way that I can know things about God that are clear and true is through being in the Word of God. And so my encouragement to all of us today would be seek the Lord to fill you with his spirit. Don't be surprised when you enter into trials as he purifies you. Hunger for his word so that you might be carefully and thoroughly instructed. Learn to pray so that you might pray according to his will and put into practice the things that God gives to you so that you can grow in the experiential knowledge of the things and ways of God. Be used by the Lord. Listen, we're living in the last days. It's time for us, the church, to wake up. And the only way that we can wake up is by first realizing we've been asleep. And secondly, to say, God, forgive me a sinner. And thirdly, God, fill me with your Holy Spirit that I might be used by you. Fourth, to get into his word and then to give what God gives to you. May we not be lukewarm believers.


One, I'm going to get started here. So this is session eight on side channel attacks. And for people coming in, there is still a whole row available at the front. And it's fully open, so you can really easily leave if you want. Halfway, don't worry. And there's some seats up here, so please come forward. So the first talk that we're going to hear in this session will be EM analysis in the IoT context. Lessons learned from an attack on thread. And this is really interesting, at least to me personally, as well, because thread is used in the Nest products. And you have stuff like the Nest Protect smart smoke alarm has five microcontrollers, all with over-the-air firmware updates for each of the five microcontrollers in it. So there's probably a lot of interest in work that can be done. And this will be presented by Daniel Dinyu, as well as by Elie Kizotov. I'm going to do my best Canadian pronunciations of all the names, so you'll get to enjoy that as well. Thank you, Daniel. OK, thank you very much for the introduction. So I will start with a short introduction. Then I will present our vulnerability analysis with respect to EM analysis of thread, and I will explain you what thread is. Then I will present the steps of the most feasible attack we could find. I will discuss a little bit what countermeasures can be used to protect against this attack. And finally, I will describe the lessons we learned and how they can be useful for other IoT systems and protocols. So how EM analysis work, the attacker wants to recover some secrets from a target device. Usually it's a secret key. And the attacker observes some computations with that key, and at the same time, it captures the leakage from the device using an oscilloscope, for example. And after, he observes several operations and the associated data process. During those operations, using statistical techniques, the attacker can recover the secret. In this work, I will focus only on electromagnetic analysis. So when you see side channel attacks, it refers to electromagnetic analysis. Thread is a networking protocol for IoT developed by the Thread group, which consists of more than 100 companies from various business sectors, major companies. The one you see on the slide are the founding member of this organization. So they are actively developing the protocol. The protocol is meant to be simple for consumers. To be easy to deploy devices using this protocol, it is designed to be power efficient and to run on existing radio silicon. Also, it uses IPv6 addressing, and it's based on the robust mesh network. What is also important to mention, it provides security, so it is designed to be secure. So what is the motivation of this work? First of all, in the last years, we saw a lot of tools, both hardware and software tools for side channel attacks. And these tools have a lower and a lower cost, so it's becoming easier for an average attacker or a normal attacker to perform such attacks. Also, we wanted to evaluate the effort required to apply electromagnetic analysis attack in the IoT context. And finally, our ultimate goal was to answer the question, do cryptographic implementations in the network layer of an IoT protocol need protection against side channel attacks, or they are fine without any kind of countermeasures? So let's see this. First of all, we looked at the communication security in this protocol. So there are two different layers, and both of them, they use ASCCM for encrypting the communication and authenticating the messages sent at each layer. And the first layer is medium access control layer. It uses the medium access control layer key, KMAC. And the second one is mesh link establishment layer, which uses a different key, MLE key. Essentially, when a node is added to a thread network, it gets the network master key. It's a 16-byte key, K. And from this key, it derives these two temporary keys, KMAC and KMLE, which are used to secure the communication at the two layer. And these two keys are generated from the master key and a sequence number, which is for byte value. And after a certain period of time, the keys are changed. And the default value for a key rotation is set to 28 days. Then we looked how we can trigger some executions of cryptographic operations, because we wanted to recover the keys of the network to be able to get access there and control the network. So one of the first messages, a child, which is a node who connects to the network, is sending, is an MLE parent request message. And here, depending on the sequence number included in this message, the receiving router takes some decisions. So if the received sequence number is different from the sequence number of the router, who is already in the network, then the router will generate a temporary key using the HMAC function. And using that key, it will verify the tag of the received message. On the other hand, if the two sequence numbers are equal, then the router will continue directly with the tag verification of the received message. I won't discuss here the attack on HMAC and how it works. I will focus on the attack on ASCCM. So ASCCM, as you know, is a combination of CBCMAC mode and counter mode. And an attacker can essentially attack execution of any of these two modes of operation. And it can control up to 12 input bytes. So it can control the source MAC address, and it also can control the frame counter. This is known attack was initially presented by Jaffe, I guess, chess 2017, and then by Offlin and Chen, Jose 2016. Then it's important to analyze the relationship between the master key and the MLE temporary key used in the network. So we already saw that having the master key, we can derive the temporary key, the MLE key, using the key derivation function based on HMAC SHA256. The question is, is there any way to get from the temporary key to the master key of the network? Well, surprisingly, yes, there is a way. And it works like this. A child has to send an MLE child ID request to a parent and ask for the master key of the network. And the parent will send back MLE child ID response, which will include the requested information, so it's the case the master key of the network. What does this mean? It means that the two keys are equivalent. Having one, you can also have the other one. So you have K, you can get K MLE, you have K MLE, you can have the master key of the network. OK, so now let's see how all of these can be changed to create a full attack. So in the first step, the attacker simply observes MLE advertisement messages, which are multicasted by the router at the specific interval to advertise its presence in the network. And the attacker will simply record the sequence number, which is unclear in these messages. Then in the second step, it will inject MLE parent request messages with the recorded sequence number, random source MAC address, and frame number. And in this way, it will trigger AS computations on the target's router. And it will simply observe the M leakage of those computations, and it will save traces for these computations and the injected input values. Then in the fourth step, it will mount a differential electromagnetic analysis attack to get K MLE. And having this key, it can come back to the network, send an MLE child ID request message, and ask for the master key of the network. And the target router will send back the master key of the network. Having the master key of the network, the attacker can also connect to the network, essentially. It can communicate with the nodes in the network, can understand the communication in the network, eventually can change parameters of the network, and take full control of the network. OK, so this is how the attack works in theory. Let's see how it is in practice. So we used an experimental setup, which consisted of a TI development board, which has Cortex M3 microcontroller, which was clocked at 32 megahertz, the maximum frequency of this device. We used the open thread implementation of the stack, which is freely available. We used a Likroy oscilloscope, Langer EM probes, and amplifier. We also tried with new AE EM probe. And indeed, in the figure, we can see the amplifier from new AE there. And also for the final results, we did not use any trigger signals. So we tried to use real settings to see how this can be done in real settings. So the results, we had to use a sampling rate of 1 giga samples per second, because a lower sampling rate did not get good results with our lower sampling rate. We were able to measure 10,000 traces in about three hours. And this amount of traces were enough to fully recover the MLI key. Although we struggled a little bit on recovering two key bytes, so these two key bytes were more difficult to recover, we saw in the literature that there are also papers reporting similar problems. Well, we were able to recover the MLI key, but we had the problem when we tried to get the master key of the network. So essentially, what happens there is we send the MLI parent request message to us for the master key of the network. But the answer did not include just the master key of the network, but also some default values, which were added by the router, were not requested by the attacker. And because the total length of this response message was higher than 127 bytes, which is the maximum transmission unit at the MAC layer, it had to be fragmented. And because it was fragmented, it was also encrypted at the MAC layer, which we did not expect when we analyzed it on the paper. And this encryption with the MAC key essentially kind of prevented us to recover the master key. Nevertheless, the paper of Lin and Chen shows that this is possible. It's just a matter of mounting another attack to recover the MAC encryption key, and then having both MAC key and MLI key, you can get the master key of the network. And also, we don't exclude the possibility that this attack will work just with the MLI key in the case depending on the way the stack is implemented. So if the parent sends back only the information that child requests, in our case just the master key of the network, there is no fragmentation. So it should be possible to recover the master key only having the MLI key. So how to protect against this? First of all, we thought, OK, you can put a device inside the metal box, for example, and you already reduce the amount of electromagnetic emissions. And you can make it also temper resistant if you want to have more security confidence in your device. Also, it's a very good practice to protect the cryptographic implementations using well-known countermeasures like masking, hiding, combining both of them. Also, we looked at some protocol level mitigations. And maybe one of them is to limit the number of MLA parent request messages a router is processing in a specified amount of time. In doing this, you can essentially limit the number of traces an attacker can observe for a particular key. And you can also consider rotating the keys in the network much faster than 28 days. Again, you limit the time the attacker can observe computations with the same key. And maybe also a security certification scheme can be useful because it can provide some assurance that each device on the market meets some minimal security requirements. And of course, a combination of all this is better and provides a higher security level. But of course, it's more expensive and increases the cost of products. So what we learned from this? So as I said at the beginning, this helped us to understand what if electromagnetic analysis is a threat to IoT context. And we think that our results can be useful for designers of IoT systems and protocols. So first of all, it's electromagnetic leakage has to be prevented because it can be used to attack IoT devices. Second thing, do not create a mechanism to get the master key from a temporary key because essentially this violates the key derivation principle now. So they should not be equivalent. The third thing, which is kind of also can be considered for future research, is the fact that a network-wide master key seems to be a double-edged sword. It's good because you can easily set up a network. You have one key for all nodes. But also, this means that if a single node in the network is compromised, the whole network is compromised. So for example, combining this with some public key scheme might be useful in the sense that if a node is compromised, the rest of the network is still fine and can work. So finally, I would say side channel attacks are a real threat for the IoT. And this threat should be addressed from the early design phases of IoT systems and products. And I hope all IoT products will be secure. And thank you very much for your attention. Thank you very much. So we have time for a question or two. If there are any? Can you hear me? Yep. Yeah, thank you for the talk. Just a question, what was the most challenging part of the work to apply your side channel attack against the target IoT device? What was the most challenging? Yes, I think one of the first was we wanted to find a way to get into the network, like to find a network mechanism. This was one of the challenges. And after we had this, it was the side channel that part itself. And indeed, I didn't mention, but we spent roughly two-thirds of the time improving the attack and fine tuning. So it's difficult because you also have the radio transceiver. And I think it affects the quality of the signal you get with the EM probe. So this is one of the difficult things as well. OK, so the tricky part was to extract the signal. Yes. And to get to these results, we spent a lot of time arranging the probe and then looking what is wrong. And in India, for example, with those two key bytes, we wished to reduce the number of traces to attack those two key bytes, but we were not able to do this. So it depends. The success of an attack, if you would try to attack another device, depends a lot on the time you invest to understand the leakage of that device and how to place the probe and these kind of things. Maybe a last question. How would you rank the expertise of an attacker trying to apply this attack on the field? Well, indeed, we've done. Yes. So there is no kind of criteria to do this, but we follow the Joint Interpretation Library, which is based on common criteria, and we try to, which provides some way to score attacks. And based on this, we try to score our attack. And the final score suggests that this type of attack is an enhanced-based attack. So it's not easy to perform for someone who is not familiar with side-channel attacks and does not have some minimal background, but it's also not a very demanding attack like you'd need extremely expensive equipment and these kind of things. So in terms of equipment, though we use a liquefied oscilloscope, we think that mid-range devices like PicoScope or a chip whisperer pro should work for the target we analyze. Of course, now if you switch to hardware attacks, implementations, and protected implementations, of course, you will need also to increase the cost and the attack will become more complex. So it will go on the right side of the spectrum. Well, it's OK. Thank you. I think I'm almost out of time now. One quick question. If you talk to Nest or anyone, did they care? What was the response of? Yeah, they care. They acknowledge our findings, and essentially they decided, and this is also mentioned in paper, a thread group to elaborate some guidelines to make software engineers aware of this type of attacks and to prevent them from happening. So definitely it's a concern, and I think it's already addressed in the thread level and all companies involved in thread. They are aware, and definitely this is not in products or. Well, thank you very much. Again, thank you.


Hey everybody, I'm Lance Coyke and today we're going to discuss this concept of recovery workouts. So in our video yesterday, we discussed two different types of workouts, weightlifting workouts and aerobic or cardiovascular workouts and how we don't really want to try to combine them. We want to keep them separate so that we can have our cardiovascular adaptations and so that we can have our muscular adaptations that we're looking for. Now, I like to make kind of a different type of aerobic workout in a recovery workout. At least that's what I call it. So what I'm doing here, what is different about this is my heart rate doesn't come quite as high. It's maybe a little bit lower. I probably, you know, peak at no higher than 150 beats per minute depending on how old you are. If you're older, that peak is going to be lower and that's normal. And then, you know, my stipulation is just, so here's the, this is, let me just put you in the scenario that I use this. So I have a client who comes in and they say, man, I'm really tired after this. It's been a really long week. What should I do tomorrow? Should I still do my workout? And I say you should go in and work out. What I want you to do is take the normal, maybe the normal lift that I wrote. I want you to double the reps and have the weight. And I just want you to keep moving, maybe even have the rest as well. So you're just kind of scurrying along. The workout won't take quite as long. It doesn't have that same element of I need to get hyped to get this workout done. But you still sweat and your heart rate still gets elevated. What happens here, at least the way that I like to think about it is people, you know, increase the blood flow in their body and it allows for transport to happen. And so if I have byproducts in my body that need to be moved in like one part of my body, maybe in my muscle cells or whatever that need to be moved out and new stuff needs to be taken in, maybe it's like dead cells and the debris needs to be taken away or something like that. That little surge of blood flow will help with that. But it's not so stressful that my body is revolting, that I need a lot of mental excitement, like a lot of motivation. I don't need a lot of that for a recovery workout, but I still get a lot of the benefits of a workout, maybe not the long-term muscle building adaptation or anaerobic threshold pushing that I'm looking for. But that's not the goal right now. I've already been training those things. I train those things on other days. The goal right now is to be able to recover from all of that stuff and maybe all of the rest of your life and feel a little bit better so that the next time you do come in for your workout, you'll feel like you can actually push yourself. Now, that is like my entire stance on that, but what I tend to see is that people who don't take care of the rest of their life always come in this way. They're always stressed out. They're always tired and I always feel like I need to give them a recovery workout. I never get to give them a fitness workout. If you're going to be taking advantage of something like this, you have to at least have a set amount. You should have more fitness workouts than you have recovery workouts. I just got so many examples and I'm sure you've been there. It happens, but you have to think that at some point your lack of fitness is a lack of recovery.  Even though you've had a stressful day, sometimes the answer isn't to take it easy. Sometimes it is to ramp up.


Hi everyone. Dr. Saul here in Beverly Hills. Chloe Kardashian just put out some new pictures of how she looks like. She looks way different. What do you think she's done? Definitely one thing she's done is lipo of the arms. If you look at her arms, you can see the little dent there. So she definitely had lipo of the arms, lipo of the back. I think she might have changed her breast implants or a little bit of a breast reduction coming down her waist. Definitely a big change in her buttock.  So I think she definitely had a couple of procedures. She looks good. She looks very fit but definitely I think she's done some lipo, some buttock reduction, a little bit breast reduction, lipo of the arms back.


What's going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here, so we're gonna be talking about found destination 6 in this video here again today now This is just gonna be further details about the scrapped concept that we are not getting in found destination 6 The one that was originally going to be a first responder story from Marcus Dunstan and Patrick Melton Again scrapped we're getting the one from Guy Busek now revolving around the characters of Stephanie Esther and this tire collapse that happened in The 60s and you know she's having premonitions and trying to protect her whole family now and it's currently filming out in Canada That's the movie we're going to get so of course. I'm not gonna share anything about that. I'm talking about the scrap concept even further So we know that in that scrap concept with first responders I've already revealed previously that our lead character final girl would have been an EMT named Vanessa Who just returned on to the job after a traumatic experience that caused her to leave the job when she lost her trainer or Trainee Gina after a drug addict shot her when they were called to a scene of a crime and After she returns her first call is to a tunnel collapse that ends up being the premonition She has the premonition of an underground tunnel collapsing ends up saving people true found destination fashion and Then of course the story progresses death comes after them one by one now Central characters again just to recap joining Vanessa who was our lead EMT Taylor who is Vanessa's friend officer Jerry officer Rachel? Frank Anthony Grant and Rita now I'm going to be going over deaths for these specific characters and what their deaths would have been in this scrap story because in the Original video I did talking about this. It was very broad I know a lot of you said this sounds like there's just a lot of crushing going on But I'll get into some specifics here about the deaths this time around so number one The person who had their head crushed by a falling TV at that sports bar If you remember was a character named Anthony now Anthony is a firefighter rookie So his head is the one that gets crushed by falling TV at a sports bar Rita ends up dying at a dry cleaners She gets her hands stuck in the conveyor belt after trying to steal her clothes without pain Whilst the clerk is in the back room She ends up dangling from the conveyor belt and ends up landing on a steaming press burning her stomach Very badly then is covered in with burning toxic cleaning chemicals when the industrial water spews All over her spews them all over her then an iron falls on her face burning her face in half So she dies of course after all of that She ultimately dies when a heavy antique sewing machine falls and crushes her head So there was stuff that led up to her crushing Her death is accidentally also live stream for the world to see when she drops her phone when hanging from the conveyor belt Now that would that would have been a very insane thing to see her death sounds the coolest actually officer Rachel Would have ended up getting caught in a retractable bleachers And it's cut in half in a middle school gymnasium Then you have frank who who was at a fire station that catches catches fire And then the irony in that of course is that frank is a firefighter chief That's yeah very ironic. So there's a big sequence of frank trying to escape He's ultimately killed when the whole place explodes and his body is spent Or sent several feet away landing into one of our league group cars windshield as they were pulling up on the scene And then we have a young man that is pushed several feet to the ground by grant Grant after having seen after having several fingers on both hands cut off by the revolving doors We know is ultimately hit by speeding delivery truck.  I know the last time I've talked about this story I've gone over a lot of crushing deaths and people were just like that's way too many Crushings going on. So in this one. I just in this video I just wanted to go into some specifics about how they actually died what led up to their demise beyond just simply being crushing because We we know that it wasn't just simply going to be them getting crushed It was going to be some over-the-top dramatic thing going on And that's exactly what ended up happening for most of these people Especially the character of rita who ended up having her death Livestream for the whole world to see if they had done this movie There's no doubt in my mind if this had been executed Well rita's death could have possibly ended up being the most memorable death in the series For gen z standards You guys let me know what you think about this down in the comment section below If you haven't already, of course, make sure you go ahead and subscribe Turn on post notification that you never miss a video in the description I'll have links on my social media accounts. I am on facebook twitter and instagram You can message me there, of course Let me know in movies news or reviews you let me to cover in the future And with all that in mind guys, I will see you in the next video


Good morning Karibu, back to Y254TV. Just in case you get into driver's, I'm sorry, you've missed the first segment with Sakwa, but you've not missed a lot because we still have so much in store for you. But this week's episode of Spot on Tech, we get to feature Keith Baraka who is the CEO of Peter Technologies and Grammy Properties, Karibu Sena. Tell us, what is Grammy Properties and CEO, because Nini says you're CEO of Peter Technologies and Grammy Properties. So we can probably start from the point here. What is... Ya, kwanza. I'm wondering where do I want to start. Ya, kwanza, maya piliuki. We can start with ya, kwanza. Kwanza, kwanza. Peter Technologies, it's an AI-based company, kusabu, when I was building the company, one, nili realize kenya we have so little AI-based companies, nazi nili kwa AI, artificial intelligence. Okay, personally nili flote na mishwa someone flote. We need to come back in a chart GPT. Oh, okay. So we are a company that use such systems to develop our apps, our games and everything and we discover that it's actually effective. It's effective. We know we're sound out here. So I'm still trying to move on from the fact that Peter, like not Peter kukula. See kukula. Nizi na pandachi kula bahana. Ay, mimi, I'm here. I soap the pizza whatever and I knew asubuit kwa na pizza in the studio. Ay, ay, ay. No, it's just a company name. So why did you choose that name though? I love, I love pizza. I really love pizza. Like that's my go-to meal at any given moment that I am ordering, take out or anything, I will go for pizza. So that's why you named it. Interesting, interesting. So when did you start the company? 2019. Give us the story, like towards starting up the company. I love stories. Well, I once told my mum that I'd never be employed. Never. And so naji afrikan parents onakwa nga like you must be employed.  We need five years experience na umetokatushu liya unanda five years experience aji asa. So I was like, I'm not going to do that. I'm just going to create my own venture in such a way that I can create for people jobs and I will never actually ask for people to experience five years experience una pelika api. Experience unanda kutal kuwa na kunya chaitu yanini, chaia kompunizu miya kata naban. So I have students who are like work for me and I outsource a lot actually. Okay, um in a process, okay. So um the company was started because you didn't want to get employed and now you have students. You don't have full-time employees? No I do, but I think you don't go sad. Why? I'm targeting students kusabu ma studi api vinge ona stragu. Ona na bile kumredo na survive on popcorn na nini na spinach. I make sense ma zi. So you want to mix. You want to actually make life bearable for them. Therefore atokim lipa maybe that 30k or that 40k on a job done, it's better than when they are getting nothing. They are surviving on health below. So why of all the things you could have done like in terms of unge develop kitu ingine or another software? Why did you choose AI? AI is a future. You know kaziya tomorrow. So every app kiaenda it always has a machine learning sequence. It understands who you are and what you do. Kenda YouTube is the way your feed is different from my feed. Wekuna bitu zi niuna taftanga zi nini nini api kia kuna jokubonuna ochingi. And then kuna mimi. So it has the use of AI machine learning to actually understand what you like, create an algorithm for it, and then bring back the information. That's why I chose to take that direction because I want to personalize my apps with people. I must say I'm working on some two apps sita, sema gina sita, sema the concept or anything, but they are using AI to better the lives of people. So allow me to understand or even for the purpose of our viewer. AI doesn't just deal with chart GP, what does it, what does it, or in case you just getting to hear this, AI is artificial intelligence. So what entails AI? You know sometimes to Nongen we assume that everyone really understands what we are talking about and then someone is wondering. So AI, so ni, ni, ni, ni chart GTP pe kia kia or something? Apaana. AI, actually kutia kitambu. If you like movies, there is a movie kitambu, Yawil Smith, elko ineto AI robot. Ok, seme. Ok, that was the first time, like personally I came into contact with the concept of AI. It's artificial intelligence, it works like there are some things called neural networks, also known as the brain of a computer in ways that it actually understands and learns. If you've used iPhone, there is Siri, there is Bixby for Samsung, there is Google Assistant for other Android phones, there is also Amazon Alexa. Those are, ni kama AI in its own way. Now AI is a, it's a computer created to actually understand the mind of a human being and run with learning, kama vilibina damwata learn. So kukonaka gadget, dania yo, every once there is a kabrain in every once, what do you call it? Phone. Yes, gadget. In every once gadget, I was looking for that one. Whether it's a phone or it's an iPad or it's a laptop. Or it's a watch. That keeps, keeps, keeps tabs on what you do. So what happens when you have been, when I get your phone, they start using it, how fast does that change? If you get my phone, you have to use it for a while, at the duration of time. Fully call. A kuna vile utama katoa subu mojuchu kusimu yangu tu miwa now and you expect that preferences to change. Maybe a day, once you have used it for that whole day, it knows what you are doing. Therefore, it will give you suggestions on that which you are doing. That brings me to this, to something I have seen. Maybe I'll be on a call talking to someone about something or for us women, we have this apia flow. Of course, you're an enias of the developer so you know. So there's this apia women called flow. So I'll probably be talking to a woman or talking to a friend or something, telling them about the changes I'm experiencing in my body or something. You know, maybe I missed a period or I'm here fidgety about pregnancy and then when I go to check that up or when I'm just using my food, I notice it brings me Stochi chulupuotu na ongelea or what we were talking about is what is displayed on that up or the suggestion it brings. How does that work? So kuna kwa gana in up notifications. So I've never seen it on iPhone though, but I've seen it on Android a lot. It even actually asks for access to your calls. Yes, it does. Therefore it can listen in on your calls. It knows what you're talking about. Then it will give you like suggestions on what to do. Way later. Ita kumukatwa nitsu. Does it tap into your mic? Yes, it does. Is it safe? No, it's not. But it's kind of safe. It's creepy. Oh yes, it is creepy.  Then nili kwa na bomb place flani and this is what I did with it. And if you check in that place, maybe it will blow up. Ita kamiwa. You dare do that. Most likely Atasafarikom actually listens in. So you will hear maybe static sounds of sorts. At that point, they are actually paying attention to you. Gotcha. So this when we use, I'm really learning a lot when we use our phones. Because I've seen the things I see. I'm like allow, don't allow or um Siji what would like to track your no, siji notifications or track. I see it on my phone a lot. There's something I will open an app and then it will ask me, siji allow this to track siji what then I'm always like allow or don't allow. What are those things about? It's allowed. We see them on our phones, but we don't understand them. Now you have the knowledge to explain to us.  It's either you to give them permission or to decline that permission. That's the same way it works. It comes and asks you for permission. Therefore, and because and I know this for a fact, there is no one who can understand the services, the police services. I don't know. Literally no one who will actually do it. Yes. We just. Oh, yes. Yes. Agree. Yes. Yes, agree. But that's what I do personally. Personally, I don't. I read. I read it through. But let me ask you, I will read it, but I won't understand nothing. So what's the point of reading it? There are policies you will actually understand. So what's the point of, like what's the point of having those policies? Those policies are there for No. 1 Google, Play Store and App Store. They usually ask for those policies so that they see whether it's safe. There is. Okay. Around January, I was trying to upload an app on Play Store. Baka say, I'll see you upload kwa sabu those specific policies zili kwa zina kataan. And my guys are still working on it. So that it's a game. It's a very simple game. Offline is what it is. But the policy, kuna mahali, I think kuna mojitoa li kwa seya. Google ikanda kufkira its pedofile. Ni iwa. They are poll not work. So it's just a system where it wants to ensure the safety of the user. Because AI is land. If you've used AI, it definitely will go learning most of the time. If you go online, uta ona adds. So zingini uta kwa kyesi wone adds zawituna penda. Mara kilimol. A kilimol li kikam inakuletea masimu pekea kia umikuki saach simu. Or mi mimi mekuletea mekuletea dstv. Na dstv inakuletea the food channel. Mikuki saach chakula. So it lands. It lands from what you do. And the more it lands, the more it evolves. The more it evolves, it adapts. It has a point. It adapts to kama. There was an AI built by Microsoft sometime back called Taj. Taj was a female. Taj was placed on Twitter just randomly. Alafi kakwa elan. Eli kwa trolled baka ikanza kukwa racist. Ika kwa racist so bad and vulgar and everything that they had to suspend it and like stop the development. Oh wow. So that brings me to this point where we see allow Google to locate your location. So do you want to name your location to... I've seen that notification a lot especially when I want to check something maybe in Google. Mups. Let me just do it right now so that I tell you what it says. When you Google a place like maybe you see a a hotel flani so nikiandika it will tell me allow Google to nini your location to... Elitwa nini? To find your location. Yes allow Google to nini your location. I'm like why does it ask what? Okay is it dangerous to me? Does it pose any risk to me? No it doesn't. Actually it's a security measure. It wants to know where you are so that it can give you maybe you're looking for a direction. It will give you the exact like it will pinpoint you from where you are to where you want to go how long it will take what traffic is there it will give you all that. Yeah so this is what it says. Google.com would like to use your current location. The website will use your precise location because Safari currently has access to your precise location. So don't allow or allow. In that scenario what am I supposed to do? Entirely your choice personally I never allow. So okay So what's the repercussion of allowing and not allowing? Allowing inafanya wa jyukon yuuko. Okijyukon yuuko there is a lot I learnt this the hard way at the time I was looking for I lived with a kufanya to online getting extra cash upon a pali and then I found a site which allows me to earn from reviewing staff but it will quasitia panju. The first time when I placed Kenya on a jyukituli kataku in Patiakazi like in Nyambia 2 days nothing we like we not even hiring so I was like okay so I reset the system when Google actually asked me to find my location the next time I said no nani kawasha vpn vpn ikaw nisha niko us in Patiakazi Oh wow It's quite interesting now I am understanding a lot of things I see on my phone I am like allow don't allow I am always like ok ina kaji me for lack of a better like for lack of knowledge let me just say that out of ignorance me am always don't allow don't allow because we will go panhanzanga kujambia maybe probably it's someone who wants to hack my phone or my data goes out there to the wrong hands but is there is there a relationship between what you do on your phone and those allows don't allows whatever 100% so do they have access to what I am doing on my phone not always unless they really need to get access for your kiyo data and everything they never bother about it so this brings me to a very touchy subject adult content we find ourselves either they are there that brings me to adult content and Betty that is gambling gambling content you will realize it tells you are substantiated here that you're 18 years or older and then you tell you tell it okay then it keep rolling and then it bring something else and bring something else does that pose a risk that one is very risky actually now where you get the viruses where hackers wanna kwa gatoa me kawa na kungoja ukwendoa na kwa kwa kwa metunia at some point I was a hacker and we usually use like a technology called steganography where we put photos have you known apatanga kaka kapicha kaka add kamapo evo lafu wewe na kere rea kutuyo ate una ibu sa basu metu patia every access to your phone like that or every access to your device evo tu na kaka evi una masini meh na kukufa una shindwa kuna enda kuna mse tuflanya na kutesa mahali and most of the time it will lose data a lot of data for you wow might I have been hacked come to think of it because my data nowadays every single human being has been hacked myself included don't me I hacked back so those of us that don't know how to hack back uh what is any banner that can be evo but everyone has been hacked one way or another there's a point I realized that I was losing data very fast very fast because now I buy buy 30 GB for a month I realized that 30 GB in my 30 GB will spend like 25 days there are about 25 26 days but now I'm buying 30 GB twice thrice one month kwa ni? in Naisha within 14 days I'm not browsing I'm not doing nothing there's nothing but I don't understand why where my data in and out nika close nika restart nika up refresh nika fanyaki like itu nothing so I might have been hacked just tell me the hard truth I beg you so we'll just plain plain literally we'll see moshi ako anymore either you reset it and start again or orunumutu ingine you give the AMI address and everything all together so in the scenario where someone is hacked what are they supposed to do usually if you reset your phone it changes the serial number therefore we are unable to get it so you just go ahead and reset the whole phone you just suck up you reset everything kubali kuhluz data it nisawatu by the way man ouch hi I bought my phone in 2019 when it was just it was released where we kwa market at that time it was the talk of town so I have things I have kept from 2019 especially conversations I am a keeper from 2019 to 2023 I am usually thinking about losing it and I am like okay so what someone would do in the case that they are hacked is resetting the entire phone failure to reach you coexist with your hacker hehehe we just come to an agreement we know there are some places where there are there are some places where there are some places where you just have to do that what's the worst that can happen in a hacking case in a hacking case someone has hacked your phone the worst that can happen you phone if you using iPhone kuna kwa ganaia piwa wallet yeah wallet wallet holds at actually any like google based device wallet holds your cards it has your maybe passports your tickets everything your cards are there your cards contain cash they do onesalipa onesalipa me me like purchases maybe by tapping your phone and everything pay a hacker kuna that same access as you onajwa aka aka aka muatua na chukwa loan bank out i mean and there is nothing you will do jeez there is a outrage nothing you will do there was a time December I was in school in dobes I was finishing up up my masters so standard chartered wali lock nini akwantia at some point I had to fly back home to come and sort it out ukuksababu mimi ni branchia uku akuna wili nasenda branchia dobes and everything so I had to come back here and then they actually told me that they locked every account jamse munyalikwa abroad for longer than two months cause there was a hack case of someone who lost five million in the account yalitumi wa email was someone hacked yes yalitumi wa email akafungu wa email u email ikari direct wumse ikari direct hakka kubanku wumse yalitu wa do simchayezu like yes my face the transaction ilishiku at a point it was at around 4.6 but ilikwa isha yanda and there was no going back so libedi ni me gaza my cards and everything to actually accommodate my international stay so that to see someone he sasa lemi ask you what will you say common one and she does because now someone like me have never known to twikwa exist with our phones and we could go exist with ahakas you know we we do things and we allow we allow we allow or we don't allow allow or we read it and we don't or we don't even read it we are ignorant we go agree agree yes yes yes okay fine you know you saw that you tick the box is very fast you move on like you want to reset or restart your phone or something and it keeps asking where you're changing your google address google will keep taking you this long list of so what will you advise such a person because now we are one inching when you add address or knowledge number one google will always try to assist you you know man on all these angles as well number two try ata kama ata kama uta uta uta somatu kiasi soma find out like the repercussions before you actually accept or deny number three aki usigusa add kuktan add wachana na yuap wando kaisach sa zingina lakini wachana na yuap number four if you can actually have a two-step verification please do that it actually how do you activate it usually if you are on WhatsApp two-step verification in a kuanga kwa settings actually for everything in a kuanga two kwa settings mahali so on all the applications you have like check settings check settings kama iko kama haiko it was not built with it to mesema two steps verification not even explained nini two step verification is if you're using an online based app it's where it sends you a one-time person OTPs to your text or email if you maybe sanasana if you're doing transactions that's when it will come or maybe it's your Instagram in a kuagana specific six-digit code that changes after every one minute that's also effective for any Google situation or Facebook social media basically why hey I think we need we need a whole session to talk about to talk about a lot a lot of things when I'm being told time is not on our side and I want to ask what's what's the data protection data protection has been something that has been talked about especially this week a lot on the on the news it's been making it's been making headlines of course you've told us how we can be data protected now is there a way is there a way we can help someone who's already in a situation yes mukwambia to like just research your machine if that doesn't work is the normal reset there's a soft reset your settings and everything that will never work but don't come here too quickly hard reset your machine if you can use a laptop if you can use aoneza and a kofoni like waluu in your penyo neza by simu and everything they will reset the phone for you or the laptop for you laptop yakin yakin history to fly though that's a thing because you have to change the whole operating system place a new one then get your data lakin yuki rudisha data will be careful because that's where is the malwa is in a guzmeji feature so what's what's the difference between data privacy and data protection data protection kujichunga to like data privacy it's just kujichunga entirely privacy is just kumavi leoneza kwa na phone and you have privacy glass kumaka kwa mat mumsimu nyakkunda kwa kuhona but that is just privacy and then protection is atakama na ona kuna kutu neza fanya nai do you think we need to have talks on data protection in our institution so it's just civic education yes how effective will that be very effective kusabu I'm in school even for the cybersecurity classes and everything you thought and then you told whatever you do that information is on you now if you have integrity then you have to touch on that too but if you choose to become a block hathaka well all the money is well it's a whole different thing no so I feel like it's it would actually assist kusabu number one what you have at a like kumafile kupata data yako mze kupata data yako sayi sayi zikarewe kumapati amptua kudiyem sende yo asya kudiyem na umptua tainela kusumbua kuna information yako so therefore you protect your data in such a way that don't tell everyone everything about you sende yo people need to know that people need to know the importance of keeping yourself and your staff private private enough not to just get into the public kuna kuhu kuna kuhu ile ile kupata na in public kuna ile kuhu ushe piti ata uka gongua lafu kafkahu mukapata na hora movie huna simu hia hia jizai and now you can and because if they take your phone they have everything of yours because at that time I just walked into a cyber and locked the phone and then I got to liya around a week nika no na simu ingi nika chikwanda tawata nika yaka and you get that that phone vile me fungu wa ivo umu sayi ata hezi yuza ata aki yuza ata yuza na dautat tawata na kwa menda losata watia poind hei I think it's it's it's just a whole conversation we people need to have to protect themselves so what else do you do I really state I'm the CEO of Grime Properties but it's a co-CEO situation co-director situation with my sis Ayanga sis we do reviews on YouTube and it will agree me property show and we also sell houses we develop amazing wa I feel like we need to wrap this conversation but I'm still shocked I'm still in that place of artificial intelligence it's beyond what we think you know when someone mentions artificial intelligence I used to re-chat JT Pindu yakuja ni JTP amani GPT GPT GPT yes that's what comes to my mind but it's I've realized that it's quite a whole it's a very broad subject it's a whole ecosystem yeah it's a very broad subject it's not just chat JT P GP GPT I'm done it's over it's over it's over it's over I'm done it's over but I'd want you to give us a patting shot stay safe don't give everything of yours to people I say like it's yours see how if you want to make a living of yourself you can ask for more check it but I don't want it because I've got my job you know like it's yours it's not theirs keep your staff private keep your maybe relationship private keep keep your life private in general hey Emel stop sharing who's my talk my share Ai learn who you are around you like observe before you buy that you can learn pa wanti uku aruu na ana Kumoco uku aruu tu 9meza� cosa Pigakiel ilee wote kwe ahetesin wenda w � giveaway na shigou Towomanen this env firm Mamawбu ma uku na kiyawa It's important.You don't only... Hey.Dif 201 Reis assistance Reis poteademi and Parakast kako I don't know Mesto na We know Me ni diesel tu Nco hi na S Imilati d calmitia kwa yu muna menda, kwa menda kwa akanga menda.  Kwa hiri kwa huiru hika uwez. Hoca hiru di owez na pwaha. Uwez niwa mira waka hengavu.