The following is a presentation of TFNN, The Power Trading Hour with your host David White. Call now toll-free at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Now, David White. And welcome all to another excellent edition of the Power Trading Hour. And we've got a day, don't we? A little up, a little down. But this morning, what do we have? I think we've had a route. I think we had somebody that had a problem in the market and I think they just took them out to the woodshed and just beat them unmercifully as they forced liquidation on them. There wasn't a lot on Friday to tell us we were going to do this. But I think when we look in a couple of days, we're going to find out that someone, just as we were saying last week, starting to see margins pulled on some of these big hedge funds, I think we just saw one or maybe more than one end up getting cashed out at a discount. Always makes me think of when, in The Good Fellows, when he's standing in court and he comes out and breaks the third fourth wall, what is it? Fourth wall, third wall? He breaks a wall, comes out and starts talking to the viewers in the movie.  They always come to you when you're weakest and they come to you with smiles. It's not like in the movies where they threaten everybody and then they come and kill them. They just all smile at each other and come back and do it later. That's kind of what it is on Wall Street, except I have a feeling that the mafia has a higher standard of morals and scruples probably than the people on Wall Street because all it matters to them is the dollar. Maybe not everybody, but I think they all know they're swimming with sharks. But I think by the end of the day, we're going to find out, not the end of the day, but I think by the end of the week, we're going to hear about somebody taking it on the chin because this generally the kind of market move where you don't have a great deal of people short where they can just drive a market unmercifully. I was out buying stuff this morning. I didn't believe it. Buying stuff up until previous to the show. I do think there are some very nice patterns developing, but that's it. Bought something in the semi space. Like I said, I wouldn't want to be in the equities. I bought the actually the calls for the 21st. Bought some other stuff that I think is starting to work out. But it may just be a little early. I was thinking that if we were going to have kind of pushed down like this, it'd probably be on Wednesday for Delta Neutral Day. We really didn't get that. But my guess is that options are that we probably have seen the lows through the 21st. But we shall see. Anyway, yeah, it was kind of a scary day earlier. But for the most part, what I've seen is that they got everybody to just toss their cookies up on what had been kind of light volume going into Friday. And just nobody short. My guess is that a bunch of people did short today, though. And we're going to probably see a little bit of a bounce at least into Wednesday. Do I think this is the end of a two-way market for the rest of the year? No. As I said last week and in my newsletter, I think this is going to be a stock-picking year. This is not going to be one of these things where you just sit back, grab an index or an ETF. And then that's it. You're probably going to way underperform what most people do picking stocks. So I'm pretty pumped. We have a market that's starting to act like it has for the last 200 years. Not one that is mostly driven by the Fed as they start to pull back. I was very interested to see that I think we had some Fed juice come in this morning on the TLT. And that was, you know, he got down to 141.36. And even the bond auctions and other stuff like that going on seemed to firm up rather quickly, which makes me think the Fed was probably maybe at the margins out playing around today. Give me a call. This would be a great day.<PHONE_NUMBER>. You can email me at PATH. That's P-A-T-H at tfnn.com. And what else? I think that's it. Bought a few things today. Think what I'm going to be okay on it. Trying to limit my exposure by buying calls, except in stuff that I think has some really good long-term benefit, which I got one today for the tech insider. And, you know, by the end of the day, will we just erased what happened? I don't think so. But I think we're going to get a probably maybe an 80% bounce out of this. And then everybody's going to come back to shorting once again. But they'll probably be shorting a little early. We'll probably see some kind of drive. And I think that if you are expecting the big downturn in this market, what we had today was just an early warning. But that's it.<PHONE_NUMBER>. Looking for emails. And you can do that now. And what else do we have? Did I go through everything? My best indicators pretty much show that we got a really big push. TLT is 142. We talked about that. So I think it's just time to start looking at charts. Where are my charts at? And we'll start seeing what kind of damage if any is in. But a lot of this stuff looks to me like just washed everybody out. First of all, I wanted to take a look at Tesla. Look at that. It's still not good. But pretty interesting to see that for the most part it held 1,000 today. For the people that are involved in that. I think they think that's going to be a win. I think this is a long-term sell. And of course those guys are nuttiered in fruit cakes. So they'll come back and throw. If they've got a mortgage to the house, they will. At one point there won't be any money left to go after it by those folks. And we'll see the big guys come out and start selling it. I think we've seen a little bit of that. But my guess is we've got another month or so for Tesla before it takes the big slide. As I said, $40 stock trading at 1,000. We'll see you back in a minute. David White's Trading Newsletter, The Path of Lease Resistance, is delivered daily before the markets open to make every trading day an easy win. Visit tfnn.com today and subscribe to David White's Ultimate Trading Newsletter for $119 a month. And try all of our newsletters risk-free with our 30-day money-back guarantee. Take the Path of Lease Resistance at TFNN Educating Investors. What's separating you from the most successful men and women on Wall Street? That's right. Information. Having all the information gives us the perspective we need to place the right trades at the right time. The TAS Profile Scanner is the premier market profile-based scanner. Powered by its acclaimed TAS proprietary algorithms, this feature-rich scanner instantly filters over 2,500-plus global financial markets, such as stocks, ETFs, commodities, futures, and forex. This powerful suite of tools leverages instant trade filtering and strategy formulation to show you emerging trades before they happen.  Level the playing field with the TAS Profile Scanner, which you can find under the Services tab at tfnn.com. Sign up today. Sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument. You have to practice, sure, but you also need excellent instruction from experts. At TFNN, you'll get advice and guidance from the authority in technical market analysis, and it's not just dry, tedious text either. TFNN airs live financial content streamed live on tfnn.com and TFNN's YouTube channel with Tiger TV, live every market day from 8.30 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. Eastern for free. Each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions live from around the world. From the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds, Tiger TV has eight different shows with expert hosts to help you make the right moves with your money. Watch online at tfnn.com or on TFNN's YouTube channel and become the investor you were born to be, TFNN. Educating investors. Toll free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. We return. I'm a little bit of history. Get back to the market already in progress. Over most of TFNN. On this day in 2006, seven months after announcing, the Macintosh computers will transition from the Power PC from Motorola to Intel. The first Apple computers to ship with Intel processors are released. The Intel-based iMac and MacBook Pro models will soon be followed by the rest of Apple's Macintosh line in 2006. The importance of this transition cannot be overlooked. Well, I overlooked it because I'd never bought one. Through virtual machine software, Apple's later introduced boot camp technology. People would run Windows software directly on their Macs. At the same time, speed as Windows-based computer effectively removed a huge roadblock many people had of owning a Macintosh that they wouldn't be able to go back to Windows. Even if it was more of a psychological security blanket and Mr. Linus for many. And of course, this is really the death of Motorola's processor division. They had a superior processor for many years, but mostly because Intel had the business. They could spend a lot more in development. And it eventually ran out of gas with the 68,068.030 series of processors in the Power PC, which is the successor for that. But always had a better architecture, but it didn't really matter. A lot of times, just like Sony and Panasonic back with the VCRs, you can have a better product and still lose. Because you have one critical flaw. The flaw for Motorola was not having Windows PCs on it. But I do digress. Let's go back to our charts already in progress. If I can find the thing. Where is it? There we are right there. Okay. Back at support. We've been looking at this for a while. Mostly on these gaps that we filled today. This big gap on Microsoft. Back up here. Okay. There we go. On the 27th was 52 million shares. Pretty good sign out here. 39 million shares two days ago. Friday 32 million shares. Today you had about 26 so far. So pretty good test of this gap from Microsoft on the 27th. And is it over? I don't know. I think you have a lot of people who are going to be nervous for a little while. But you know what? Everything Microsoft has really done has not been. They haven't done anything massively wrong. Now maybe they're going to get ready to. But as long as they continue to be one of the best if not the best managed. Companies in technology or big cap tech. I have a feeling that everything is pretty good with them. Now it is the market a little bit overpriced probably. But when you got from 345 down to 310 ish as we are now doesn't look at all that bad. Okay. What else do we have? Apple as we go through the usual suspects. See what we have here. For Apple 107 million shares back on December 20. Right now you got 67 million shares. You didn't quite go through that low which I would have liked to seen. But I got to figure that everybody is out there. The downside for Apple which I think it makes it a little weaker than the rest. Is it did have a lot of volume coming down or more volume than it had in the last leg up. But we did talk about also a fairly long term cell signal up the top. 153 million shares back on December 13th to just 100 million shares on January 4th. Is it are people going to give up on this easily? The answer is no. But I have a feeling that a lot of big guys out there probably looking at selling Apple and looking for a faster horse this year. A lot of these stocks will outperform for two or three years. And then they go back to the mean. And I think Apple may be one of those that goes back to the mean. Other stocks do we have? Yeah. Okay. Okay. Got that. Got that. Okay. Okay. We looked at Tesla. William Sonoma. WSM. I was looking to short this one back at 200. I was a little early but got out before anything really changed. I was pretty sure it was headed back to these gaps. And it made it back there today. Actually, there's a double gap. And we were talking about gaps in the three gap play last week. If I was talking about anything else in my theories on gap for I think it was Nick last week. Hopefully he's listening and he'll email and let me know. One of the other theories on gaps is one gap is okay. Two gaps are amazing. And how many times and one of the reasons why I wrote the art of timing the trade charts the way I did. And the way it displays this and why I'm having a hard time going to any other kind of chart module is just being able to do everything. In fact, the guy that wrote the chart module, this program actually is one of his examples of just how far you can take it. But the double gap areas here are absolutely amazing about getting retested. You're down here with 1.25 million shares. Now that is compared to the gap higher with 6 million shares going back to March 18th of last year. Just about everything is the last year now, isn't it? So anyway, somebody in the den talking about buying something always reminds me of what Jesse Livermore says. That's no stock is too low for you to sell it and no stock is too high for you to not buy it. It's always always rang in my mind, although I'm not a big fan of chasing stocks. What else do we have? We've looked at Apple. Let's take a look at Netflix in FLX.<PHONE_NUMBER>. Email me at path at tfnn.com. Well, you almost got there. Energy is a little less. This is kind of where we were talking about coming back to 500. I think it still has the ability to get there. They have a lot of things going on, but maybe that's setting up a very trading range above this. I think you still want it to get back around 500. Be back in a minute. You having fun trading the markets but having trouble finding like-minded individuals to discuss your trading and investment ideas with? Become an Apex Predator in the trading markets and join the Tiger's Den Trading Room only at tfnn.com. The Tiger's Den is an exclusive trading room where successful traders from around the world come to exchange trades and ideas. Join the Den and surround yourself with the sharpest minds in the trading world. 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Using this first-of-its-kind program, the art of timing the trade charts allows you to scan thousands of stocks for Fibonacci formation setups including guardleys, ABCs, butterflies and much more. The art of timing the trade charts is designed to help you when scouring the markets for stocks just beginning to form the trading patterns that many investors spend days, weeks or even months searching to find. And right now we're offering licenses available at only $79 a month. We are so confident that you're going to love this new charting software that will even give you a 30-day unconditional money back guarantee. Don't miss out on this incredible new piece of software. Get your copy of the art of timing the trade charts today by visiting tfnn.com. And back to the theme of the day, which is retesting previous lows out here on lighter volume. If you are a bear, this does not mean the end is nigh.    So I'm not a Pollyanna bull here, but at the same time, I don't see any reason why we probably don't have a few weeks of probably higher prices. And they may stumble up a bit, but you don't get too fixed on one side or the other. This is going to be a two-way market, I suspect all year. On the average for the index is probably lower, but there will be some really generally, especially in a market pulling back, some of the biggest wins are in the only stocks going higher because it becomes a very crowded trade. So don't discount being long in a horrible market the right stock. But that's going to be a stock that everybody pretty much knows already.<PHONE_NUMBER>, we're looking at Google. Two and a half million shares back on October 4th, 1.4 million shares so far today. We're back into the trading range.  It takes a while. It is a big ship and a sentiment does not turn on a dime generally at highs. Like I said, though, in fact, if we hear a little bit more about some funds blowing up or something getting taken out to the woodshed today, and these guys are kind of living the real life version of trading places, it would be interesting. Okay, you came down to the gap on Nvidia. This was a big thrust higher, a sign of strength as the Wycoff guys would call it, and I do too. Up on 115 million shares, Nvidia tested that today with 43 million shares so far. So not a bad day, it's hanging out here at this gap. We've got a little bit of damage, so I'm not expecting the mentality on these stocks to come back in literally a day. But I do think that we'll probably do well into the 21st now for options expiration. Now, on the opposite side of that is AMD. It came down with just slightly more volume than it came up from the December 14th low. It also had 61 million shares so far today compared to the 51 million shares on December 14th. So generally what that tells me is Nvidia much better positioned than AMD right now. AMD should have to bounce and come back and test with lighter volume before I decide to go chase it. Now, this is the most shorted big cap stock in the market, so don't be surprised to see some short squeezes in this thing. But generally you had a fairly decent volume, but if you're longing the same and you're thinking about getting out, well, I think you're probably going to get a bounce. But I want to wait until the same bounces a bit, comes back down on lighter volume, and then we're probably going to see the real short squeeze in this. Things still continue to be fairly good. Let's look at the Intel, which continues to do fairly well for the tech stocks. Again, also fairly heavily shorted. I'm not a big fan of this long term. Maybe they've turned the corner. Maybe they haven't, but I think other stocks are doing much, or other companies are doing much better. It just may be that Intel's been beaten so low that there isn't much. You're up on a down day, which is also a good thing. The downside is you had a previous high at 55 bucks with 91 million shares. You tried it with 60 million shares on the fifth. Today you're trying it with 27 million shares. There's just not a lot of juice to drive it probably more than about 56 or 57 anytime soon. Bob in the Den says CRM has gone positive on the day. This also challenging a gap that goes back to May 24th with 5.3 million shares. You had about the same volume as you pierced that today. Two, of course it's closing back above that gap. You would have liked to seen lighter volume in that, but you didn't get it. Question from Ronald on the SMH's. I continue to think this is a story of two cities, a rich man, poor man, depending on which side you're on. You have to dislike that you had a lot of volume into this low today. 5 million shares going back to December 6th, December 20th, all about 5 million shares. You get another 5 million shares today, which would suggest that you're in a trading range here. What you really dislike is just the immense amount of energy off the highs out here. Could you get a bounce back to 300? I think you could. But again, rich man, poor man, bigger man, thief. You've got a bunch of...what am I doing?  Anyway, you've got maybe a bounce to 300 in this. But there's a lot of stocks that are in the SMH's that are still not doing well. Again, I'd be very picky about which ones I'm in. I would avoid those with the most exposure to Taiwan. If you had something in Vietnam or you had semiconductors that were in South Korea, the problem is they're just the South Korean stocks are so hard to trade. They've got a lot of problems, not in the companies, but trading. As we said, Samsung did very good in its earnings last week, or at least its announcement. But yeah, I think if you're going to be in any of those Taiwanese semi-stocks, buy the calls. It's cheap insurance today. TLT. John brings up TLT. Let's take a look at that. Again, really you've got more volume than you would like to see. But you know what? You actually did test a gap. This is a gap from the 12th of December with almost 18 million shares. Now you got it with about nine. So I thought maybe it would just, the way it had been trading, it may just go through and blow through these levels to 139. I think it's still going to 139 and 136. But I think we had a little bit of Fed help out here today. The little shovel of sand beneath the keel. The TLT, so it may hold up for a little while. Are you in the market for buying or selling real estate in the Bay Area, including the surrounding St. Petersburg, Tampa and Clearwater markets? 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They're talking about biotech and pharma and the DIN. We'll come back and see what we had. We did get through the 142 lows, which are March 5th of last year and May 11th of last year. The top volume up there was 7.7 million shares. It doesn't look very bad out here in comparison, about 2 million shares on the IBB. So as we said, some of these actually are not looking so bad. But you need a real close above 142-ish on this. You're at 141 now, so keep an eye about what's going on out here in the market. The IBB looks like it's got a fairly large pattern out here. What else did we get? And old friend that we haven't talked about for forever. Cody for Sam. I don't know why he'd be. Maybe it's Samantha. Maybe that's short for it. Going back and testing the December 3rd low at 7 million shares. You got 7 million shares already and not really much of a bounce. So no, I'm not a big fan. Of course there's a retail... What is it? Cosmetics. I was going to say War Paint. But Cosmetics. But certainly in that. Question about the UNG. Well, this is all about whatever the weather is for the last few days. And of course, pretty brutal weather being forecast for the next couple of weeks with very lows. So yeah, you got everything you want. When we talk about that pattern that I look for, which is then, you know, you get a couple of days above, a couple of days below the next move back. You could have bought it anywhere around that 1275 level. It's 1376 now. You got a lot of gaps to fill above. But that also means you got a lot of people who are probably willing to sell it. Hopefully you get a little bit of a pullback. Maybe 13 and a quarter or something. But yeah, I think you can get back up to 16 on it. Looks fairly good out here. But that's really just a bounce in the downtrend. We get some more warmer weather. That'll be another issue. Generally, March is when this thing really starts to roll over. So you got to be knowing that March, April, you're looking for kind of the downside through the summer until about August seasonally. But yeah, you got a double gap, which I always like as we talked about before right there at 16. So if you were playing UNG, I would have my target at about 1650, something like that, if you are a long UNG. And of course, you got about two weeks of bad weather coming at you, at least from what I saw earlier in the day. So what else? A question about the XLE. Has anything really changed on it? Don't really think so. You know, even today tells you a great deal. I think it's probably going to pull back to 5950. But not a bad setup. I would have liked to see a little bit more volume on the highs as it went through them. You wanted about 23 million shares. Well, you had enough 45 million shares on the fifth, 37 million shares on the sixth. I probably should have looked at this close to 35 million shares. Got some nice, but man, a pullback to 60 would be where you want to get in if you are not long already on this. But yeah, 5975, 60 bucks, probably be a nice one. Okay, what else do we have out here? Okay, question about whether or not the 3D stocks have been beaten to death enough. As we talked about this one several weeks ago, it looked like it was coming back to fill this big gap higher. Going back to May 11th of last year, as everything was of last year. 60 million shares, you're back into it with 1.4 million shares. So yeah, I don't know if you're going to take right off, but this is the pattern I look for long term. And yeah, not a bad looking chart here. Let's see if SSYS has something similar out here. Not as good, but at least back to support levels. Maybe not as beaten up as bad, but just not as good a chart pattern as this. You'd really love to see 1855 get retested on lighter volume, but today's yet another day of a light volume. But we shall see. Okay, what else do we have? Got a question about SLV, Silver Trust. You know, this is more of an industrial than gold, but it doesn't look bad. I think if you wanted to be in any kind of precious metal, it'd be gold, but silver probably not that bad. I think the whole thing would be if China gets rid of these lockdowns, I'd probably be a lot more looking at SLV. But I just saw in the news today that they're shutting more ports down, stuff like that. And that just means that the industrial side of the market is going to be weaker. But I still think gold has a long and valued run coming out here. What else do we have out here that people are asking about? Path at tfnn.com, by the way. If you haven't emailed me already today and see what else do we have? I was looking at this earlier, so we may just look through these real quick. For 52-week highs, or excuse me, 52-week high? That can't be right. It's going to be 52-week lows. Let's take a look at Target and Walmart. See how they re... Not much of anything out here. Again, you came down to 214.60 on December 20th. You're probably going to retest that and quietly, but that doesn't look bad. Okay, and what else do we want to look at? WNT? Walmart real quick. Looks a little better. Don't have a bad thing. Looks to me like this one wants to crawl back up to 151 though. Sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument. You have to practice, sure, but you also need excellent instruction from experts. At TFNN, you'll get advice and guidance from the authority in technical market analysis. And it's not just dry, tedious text either. TFNN airs live financial content streamed live on TFNN.com and TFNN's YouTube channel with Tiger TV. Live every market day from 8.30 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. Eastern for free. Each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions live from around the world. 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The Chapman Wave up-down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns, finding the peaks and valleys in stock prices.  First-time subscribers also get a 30-day money-back guarantee. If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. TFNN.com, educating investors.  The Tiger First mortgage program may be the program for you. The best rate on a five-year CD in the country right now according to bankrate.com is paying 1% per year or $1,000 per 100,000 invested. The Tiger First mortgage program pays 7% per year, paid monthly, on secured, high-value, billable properties in St. Petersburg, Florida. The investment is for four years, paying 7% per year or $7,000 per 100,000 invested. Your investment is secured by high-value real estate in St. Petersburg, Florida. Your investment can be anywhere from $100,000 to $500,000. Do you want to make $1,000 per year on $100,000 invested or $7,000 per year on a secured Tiger First mortgage? The Tiger First mortgage program may be just the program for you. The Tiger First mortgage program pays 7% per year, paid monthly. For more information, you can call<PHONE_NUMBER>. That's<PHONE_NUMBER>. Catch Tom O'Brien, professional trader and educator, founder of TFNN. Also a special guest on CNBC. Tom will bisect and dissect the markets. The Tom O'Brien Show, next on TFNN. As we return, get ready to wrap up yet another excellent edition of the Power Trading Hour. We're down 38 on the S&P, down 331 on the down Aztecs, down 145, Russell's down 19. So it's all about the close now. But as we showed, a lot of stocks, but not all, testing lows on lighter volume in the big guys. They're going to have a bounce, I think, over the next two weeks. As we said, ad nauseum, the market's always going up about three quarters of the time. It just goes down much quicker in a bear market than it does in a bull market. And of course, it goes up a lot more, even though if it's baby steps higher in a bull market, you only get some pullbacks, sharp pullbacks, that are over almost instantaneously in a bear market.  You got to come out for the spring. The sun does shine.  But don't think that you can hang out in the bear cave all winter long. That's one of those things where you do want to know that the party does end. Cinderella does have midnight, and that happens fairly quickly. So you want to take your money when you can being short. As I said, we'll look at the volume at the end of the days here. But look to me like a big route, maybe in some of the bigger ETFs. And that's probably we're going to find out some of these companies that had been told that they were going to have to have a whole lot less margin. We're getting that in the hedge fund business, maybe some of the Robin Hood folks too. Getting trimmed a little bit. So when you can, not when you have to. We shall see you here tomorrow. Same Bat Channel, same Bat Time.


Hi, welcome to the KubeCon Europe session from the Kubernetes IoT Edge Working Group. I'm Steve Wong. I'm a co-chair of the IoT Edge Working Group. I'm employed as a software engineer working on Kubernetes by VMware. And I'm coming to you in this recording from Los Angeles, California. Hello, my name is Dan. I'm a software engineer with EarthHit. I'm also a colleague of Kubernetes IoT Edge Working Group and coming from Belgrade, Serbia. So here's today's agenda. We're going to give contact information in a link to the deck at the end. I'm going to start with a really quick overview of what's different about communications for edge applications and edge devices. Then we're going to move on with an introduction to some technology called LoRa, along with network architecture based on it called LoRaWAN. About halfway through, Dion is going to take over with a talk on the Drogue Cloud project, followed by a demo. Hopefully you'll like the talk. And if you do, we're going to wrap up with details on how you can become a member of the Kubernetes IoT Edge Working Group, where we host ongoing discussions on subjects like what's in this talk. Edge applications are often isolated, but they're generally going to be part of a bigger picture multi-tier architecture if Kubernetes is involved. You know, if you're using standalone edge devices that don't talk to anything else, you're unlikely to really have Kubernetes involved. But if you are connecting up edge devices to feed into applications and servers on a regional or global basis, that's going to be the scenario where it makes sense to utilize Kubernetes and that's what we're going to be here to address today. So if you try to do communications at edge the same way it's done in a large cloud data center, be prepared for some challenges and even a few roadblocks, particularly in mobile and in remote places that have wiring difficulties. Radio-based communication is an alternative to hard wire, and we're all familiar with the radio-based options like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and LTE. Today we're going to talk about another wireless option, Lora. Lora, by the way, stands for long range. Of course this conference is also about Kubernetes, so we're also going to show how information or events can be collected from edge nodes to feed Kubernetes-hosted apps. I'm going to start with a technical overview and then later Dan will move on to cover the DROG project. So we're all familiar with Wi-Fi, which is an example of a local area network. Its reach is limited to perhaps tens or low hundreds of meters. Wide area networks bridge much longer distances. It always limits imposed by physics. So what you have here in this chart showing support of these different technologies measured in bandwidth versus range is going to face a situation where you've got to choose the right technology for the job. No technology provides all the attributes at once. For example, there isn't the technology that has maximum bandwidth at the same time that has maximum range. And by the way, this graph is two dimensions, so it only compares bandwidth versus range, and it's missing an important third dimension, which is power consumption. With regard to power consumption, older people remember AM radio stations, which could carry for huge distances, particularly at night. These AM radio stations use tens of kilowatts of power, so even 100 years ago people had figured out how to go long distances using high power. But what if you want to go long distances using low power as something you might have available in a low-powered battery device? LoRa is a technology that uses something called chirp modulation, which is capable of communicating at low power on potentially congested unlicensed spectrum. Instead of using a constant base frequency, it uses rising and falling pitch as a basis for transmission. It's robust against interference because it can filter out anything that doesn't have the rising and lowering pitch characteristics and ignore it. Interestingly enough, this changing pitch concept is something that's used in nature by whales, dolphins, and bats. The important thing to notice, by the way, is that with LoRa, the frequency used, unlike Wi-Fi, is not globally harmonized. This is because it uses unlicensed spectrum, and in different parts of the world, the unlicensed spectrum falls into different frequency bands. We don't have time today to go into a deeper dive detail about LoRa, but it features something called a link budget. And this is a budget that can be spent either to achieve long range or better than average penetration through building walls or a little of each at the same time. And this is very important when you're dealing with a low power radio technology. This is an example of a device that we're going to demo later in this talk to give you an idea of what's out there. This is one that I bought here in the US called an Adafruit Feather. The device features 300 microamps of power consumption while it's asleep at its peak during transmission at maximum power, this can go up to 120 milliamps of power consumption. And it would average about 40 milliamps of power consumption during active radio listening. There are alternate forms of LoRa that might even use less power. But these are potentially devices that could operate on a battery for as long as a year, if you vigorously engaged in going into deep sleep and waking a device up only when you needed to measure or transmit something. And we've only talked about the radio link from the device to whatever links do and that would be LoRa. But even though LoRa stands for long range, long range here isn't infinite. You know, let's call it line of sight up to 10 kilometers for common use cases and LoRa is the physical layer. LoRa is the radio plus the LoRa modulation, but in a practical scenario, you would often want to go longer distances than even the tens of kilometers. So, what you do here is put together a big picture architecture and if you compare this to what you've got in physical Ethernet links. The Ethernet can be used to build a point to point link, but this isn't really a practical network in an Ethernet scenario. You need to bring in switches, routers, higher level protocols, and management tooling. You also, you need these sorts of things that so that you can join devices together with other things. Coming back to the early Ethernet days, somebody called Metcalf proposed something called Metcalf's law that says that the value of the network goes up with the square of the number of connected nodes. LoRa is no different. We need to add a few more things to make this super valuable. What's shown in this slide is something called LoRaWAN. It defines a communication protocol and the system architecture for a network using LoRa to connect the devices along with allowing alternate transports like IP up at higher levels. LoRaWAN is managed by the LoRa Alliance, which is an open nonprofit association that currently has over 500 members. LoRaWAN is designed to incur very little overhead for a device to simply be present on a network. So it's great for devices that are usually in deep sleep most of the time to save power. Note that you can have devices that have LoRa but also have Wi-Fi at the same time and selectively use Wi-Fi on an as needed basis under relatively rare circumstances once again to save power. An example of a LoRaWAN network is the Things Network, which we're going to use later in the demo. This is a global cloud sourced example of an implementation of a LoRaWAN network. But it's possible to run your own private LoRaWAN network rather than to join into these alternatives like crowdsourced implementations or commercial implementations. So today we're going to use the Things Network and this is commonly abbreviated as TTM. So as part of this LoRaWAN architecture, moving from devices at the left, you have these connected to gateways. The LoRaWAN gateway receives LoRa-modulated RF messages from any end device that's within hearing distance and forwards these data messages up to the LoRaWAN network server that is just to the right of the gateways. There's no fixed association between an end device and a specific gateway. Instead, the same sensor could be served by multiple gateways in the area. The gateways operate entirely at the physical layer and in essence, there are nothing but LoRa radio message forward. They only change the data integrity of LoRa RF messages. If the CRC is incorrect, the messages drop. Otherwise, the gateway forwards it up to the network server together with some metadata that includes the received signal strength and an optional time stamp. For downlanks, a gateway executes transmission requests coming from the network server without any interpretation of the payload. It's just forwarding it on. Since multiple gateways could be in a position to receive the same LoRa RF message from a single end device, the LoRaWAN network server performs data deduplication and deletes all copies, typically saving the version that came from the gateway that reported the highest signal strength. The LoRaWAN network server, the LNS manages network and establishes secure AES connections for the transport from end devices to user applications in the cloud. The network server cannot see or access application data or at least can't access it in clear text. So here's a wrap of what we've learned. We've got some, we've got a technology called LoRa and higher level protocol built upon it called LoRaWAN. The suitable use cases for this are use cases where you need long range in multiple kilometers and with that LoRaWAN backbone, you can go worldwide on this stuff. The best use cases are ones that demand low power and this is capable of supporting devices that could last a year or more on a single battery change. It also supports low cost devices and here we're talking about 60 euros of capex per node and tiny amounts of operational expense. They are constrained to have low bandwidth so there are clearly use cases that demand higher bandwidth that aren't suitable but for things like event or measurement reporting that are in the range of reports once every five minutes or even less frequently demanding bandwidths in the range shown in the slide. This is a good match. Coverage is achievable essentially everywhere. If not, if there's not already a gateway in the area you can add your own and just like the devices are low cost, these LoRaWAN gateways are also relatively low cost. It does feature 128 bit encryption and the higher level network server can integrate data and event screens to apps using TCP, MQTT, HTTP, cloud events, etc. What's not suitable for LoRaWAN real time data, it can only send devices in small packets every few minutes, not continuous data streams. You can't use this for phone calls. You should use it something like LTE instead. It's nominally, at least in the LoRaWAN case, not designed for home automation, although SimTech does have some alternate technology for operating a private LoRaNet that can be used for home automation. Also not useful for sending photos, watching videos, you'd want to use Wi-Fi here. Thanks, Steve. So, we come with an idea to bring two worlds together with a drug IoT cloud. The rising interest in using Rust programming language to do embedded work and on the other side to do a serverless on the cloud side is what brought us to try to bring these two worlds together. So, the drug IoT project is all about providing on one side the tools for embedded developers to use asyncrust framework to do firmers and also try to use off the shelf platform built on top of the K-native eventing and try to build a seamless experience for people to build end-to-end applications. So, just a couple of words about the drug device. It tries to provide an actor framework for embedded devices, meaning that developers will have a concept of actors communicating and isolating their context and their state by passing messages between each other. On the other side, the draw cloud is built on, as I said, on top of the Kubernetes K-native and cloud events. We also are using cloud native Rust to build the accompanied services as we will see at the moment. And as you know, K-native eventing supports multiple brokering and messaging options as a backing technology. We prefer Apache Kafka for data plan and the message passing through the system as we will see. So, if we look at the data plan and how things look on this side. At the last session at the KubeCon North America, we talked in detail about the theory of using K-native eventing and the cloud events for IoT use cases. I encourage you to take a look at that video if you're interested in more into that topic. Here we can see that from the central part of the system we have a K-native and Kafka as a core of this serverless IoT solution. But you need a lot more services to make this really usable of the shelf IoT cloud platform. So, if you go on the southbound side on device side, we need a lot of devices connecting to our K-native and for that we need a protocol endpoints. For example, you know, transforming the MQTT messages or things that work payloads as we will see soon into the cloud events and pushing it to the K-native channels. But also we need a device authentication in our authorization so that we know that devices we are communicating with are actually our devices. On the other side, if you take a look at things, we also need to provide a way for to have a user authentication and authorization. Meaning that we need to authorize the access to the streams of messages coming from our devices. But even if we have that assuming that everything runs in a single Kubernetes cluster, we can deal with providing appropriate serverless services to deal with our data. But, you know, having all this as a hosted solution and potentially having IoT applications running in different clusters, then the cluster that is hosting the draw cloud, we need to provide different integration endpoints. For example, you know, the most usual ones are that people will usually either consuming data directly from the Kafka. And for that we will probably use something like a service binding operator to expose that Kafka cluster to the outside world and to the other clusters. Most IoT developers are very familiar with MPTT so we can provide them with an option to subscribe to the draw cloud as it was an MPTT broker. And in the final case, using the web sockets to develop web applications is something that's very, very common in this space. From the from the control plane side. In order to have all this authentication authorization both on the devices sites and on the applications and the user sites. We need to have some kind of a central registry of identities, and that's identities for for the devices and identities for for for the users for for the users and applications we basically use and single sign on instance. Based on on the or backed by the by the key code project and we provide a data device management API which allows us to use a UI or CLIs to actually manage our device data as you will see in the in the moment. One more important part of this is is the change events as we see on the arrow here. A typical, typical, I have this solution. Never consists of a single project. It's a distributed system by the nature. And each of these systems has its own their own registry of, of, of identities that needs to be to be managed. The idea behind the change events is to basically have, have a change event stream that will be able to provide operators and controllers, controllers on so that we can, we can sync multiple multiple registers. So, for example, in the future, it will be possible that once you, you're, you know, set your device in the draw cloud that device and you, you, you annotate the device that it's a it's a thing that were device that your things network service will be configured out automatically by the system. So, let's talk a little bit about types of devices that that we have and what we will use in the demo today. So, the simplest way is to have a single device connecting directly to the to the cloud. Right. That's a simple possible case. In some cases, as Steve mentioned, for example, using using the BLE or or or Z wave. We have devices that are not capable of reaching out to the public internet for and in that case, we need to have some kind of the gateway. And basically doing an IP onboarding of that device and being able to, to, to out be authorized by the cloud to send and receive data in, in behalf of, of, of device. And the most complicated case and the one that that we will, we, we set our minds on today is is some kind of long, long range scenario with Laura, where we have a device, we have a gateway. And that gateway gateway talk to some kind of a service things network, we can call it the, the, the, you know, IOT cloud gateway in this case, which is from, from the cloud perspective, actually a device and it's authorized to send data on behalf, behalf of, of a device. So, let's see how all these works in a, in a, in a very simple, simple, simple demo. So, we have a device that Steve showed sitting in his home in LA right configured properly in the, in the things network console so so here here is device. And what we need to do in order to connect to the cloud is actually to, to, to connect this, this device as an, as an, as an, as an device in the draw cloud. And for that, we need to do a proper integration. In this case, we will use an HTTP integration. And, and, you know, simply configure it that for every message that that the things service receives from device, it will forward to our cloud solution. And for that we need to specify a couple of parameters, which is like a URL, the authorization it will use and we will see that that that in the moment. But you can see that that already here we have two different identities. So we have an identity of the things network service that the authorize itself. And that's, that's our application here, and the actual device belonging to that application that will send data data to the cloud draw cloud. And for this demo, we will use the sandbox of the draw cloud which comes with a with a simple console and and we will see how to use the CLI at the moment. So what we need to do here, in order to make it make all this work is basically create an appropriate appropriate, sorry, is to create appropriate data in in our device registry. For starters, we are creating our application so so that's the concept of the draw cloud, which allows us to group multiple devices into a simple into a simple single single application. Next, we will create an actual device, we will call call it the TTN service, and it will represent our gateway or service connecting to the cloud. And we will pass this, set it up to be able to connect with the appropriate appropriate credentials and provide additional metadata about the payload it expects from the device. But the job here is not done, because we also need to create an actual representation of the device that will send the data. And you can see in this case that we are not specifying the credentials for for device, but but we are just saying that this device will connect to appropriate gateway, which is the name of the previously defined device in the in the draw cloud. Now, with all this properly set. We can actually expect to receive data from from from the from the from the device. This is configured to send data every five minutes. So hopefully it will, we will not wait that long for for the for the next for the next message, the data. Let's give it a, I think, a couple more seconds and things should should. Well we'll cut this down when we edit the video but what was the time stamp on the last data and we should get another one five minutes after that. I think it's, it's just, yeah, and here it is. Here's the data in the console. And here's the data in the in the entity client. And as you can see, the, the, in the both cases, the data is is a properly structured cloud event with its own source and type. So, so that applications can can be easily written and and consume this data for for their own. So, I'll get back to Steve at this point. You're muted Steve. Thanks for that great demo and just to point out my device here that I'm holding up is coming from Los Angeles and the on and I are a 1313 hour flight away. So, this is definitely long range although Laura can carry it the bulk of that range it. Once it hit the things that work I think that it went over the backhaul. If you like the presentation today and you like topics like this that relate to using Kubernetes for applications, either running on the edge, or supporting data and events collected from the edge with Kubernetes hosted applications and services at a mezzanine tier or a cloud tier. So, in this group we have meetings twice a month, they're at alternating time so we have one series that is optimized for people in North America, and the North American meetings report, repeat every four weeks. We have another series that was optimized for Asia, Asia, Eastern Europe. And once again there. We're in the center middle of the night if you're in North America but a better time for other locations, and they repeat every four weeks. We've also got a slack group. In addition to the meetings. So you can go on there and ask questions. The content that the user group meetings is intended to be user driven. So if you've got any subjects that you'd like to see presented on or talked about.  We invite you to nominate topics and as co chairs will attempt to drive that to please the user base. It's the next slide. Yeah. So, here's a link to where the deck is published on the sketch site. We're both on GitHub, and we're both available in the slack channel. We're going to hang around in case you have questions. So, thanks for attending.