Morning, Lassinopo. Hey, Sharon. I'm trying to pick out colors, y'all. Just one second. I got some these. I know, Linda. Isn't it crazy? 9,800? I'm my co-star. So, hey, y'all. And I'm going to try to turn it into a geode today after Jeff does his poor. All right, y'all. Thank you. That's so sweet of you, Angelina. So, they're redoing our Internet some type of way, so I don't have a laptop to read the comments. So, I'm going to be just talking to you guys, I guess. I'm going to use reflex colors. So, since this one's already based in reds and blues, I'm going to stick to that color palette. Did you clean your lens? I did. I'm going to do it again. I've gotten into the habit now. Hi from the Netherlands. Hi from the UK. Jolis. Jol. So, I think I liked having this tea. Good evening from Norway. Hey from the UK. Hi, Val. West Tennessee. From Washington State. From Alabama. From Wyoming. South Carolina. Washington. There's a lot of people in the house. There's a lot of new people, looks like. I wasn't sure, like, how many people would show up since we're so much earlier than a regular... Hey from the Netherlands. Vancouver. Baltimore. From North Carolina. Alabama. Florida. So, you can't... I'm supposed to...are you still going to... No, hello from Egypt. Tennessee. I know, Amber, we're worldwide. No, we're not...we won't be going live tonight. We're going to a concert. Yeah, everybody, put a thumbs up. You enter the room, got to get a thumbs up. Don't make Judy come in here. What's up, hanging with Tony? We're going to a concert that's called BFD. And the headliner is Perfect Circle. And Stone Temple Pilots with their new lead singer. A seal and some resin leaked out. So I'm just making sure that it's... Thanks, Lucy, we will, Jenny. So, she will be entered into the giveaway that we're doing on the CD20...nope, very fresh. She shouldn't have one of those that makes resin before doing all that. You get that out of the way. I always have to, like, leave time to let it set up. We'll use something else. But that is a big canvas. Heart and Glow will set up. Hello Bananas. No, it's...they just said hello Bananas. Crazar. I checked this morning and my sticks are out for delivery. Awesome. Is that...what is that for? For just one? Yeah. I'm going to use it a different time. Don't get your hair in the resin, Kelly, him. We just started. She just taped up the edge. She's going to do it. She's going to start a geode. What happened to your... What happened to your power in Harris? I just sent money. Yeah, we got it. Thank you very much. Hi, Rona. Can you do master casts with the other one or art resin? I don't know how much is in master casts. You're going to put two different types of resin together. Yeah, I did that on the last one. I didn't know that. We have some crazy storms the past couple of days. Yeah, you weren't here when I did that one. I guess I'm using two different kinds of resin because art and glow resin is a thicker consistency than art resin. I'm going to use that to create my initial lines. It also helps because art resin takes longer to set up whereas art and glow takes less time. So it's not going to like... It'll keep my lines where I want them. Also, I'm taking my time mixing these because I want to allow a little bit of time for the resin to set up. I would ask you guys if you've done geodes before, but I don't have... I can't use my laptop right now because they're like resetting our internet. That is complete pain. E-science. Hi from KY. Pat is watching on her TV. I love the video you posted on Instagram of The Sky Amazing. Thank you, Jessica. I did that this morning. Heatgun keeps smoking. Any tips? I don't know what you're doing to that thing beyond. You probably... It's probably brand new. So give it a day. Or dust got in it and it's burning out. Do you have to sand what you're pouring on? Yes. Sometimes I just let her do stuff. He lets me mess up so I learn. Because I tell her everything. And I like for her to just kind of... But it's not because we told you. Hi, Laura. Laura Taylor in the house. Mary Jane. Sharon Harris. So anytime, tell them about when you should sand. Like why? Well, if it's been a couple days after you've poured something, you definitely want to sand it with either... That's very abrasive stuff, too. Definitely. Yeah. I would hit that with a 400 after that. Give it some tooth so that the other resin will stick to it better. I figured myself. I thought I ruined it. Val, that's a 220 and then she'll go back over it with a 400. Because that's pretty abrasive. Nice, Mary Jane.  Get the dust out, all the sanding. I finally finished a piece I like. Thanks for sharing with us. I would never have figured it out. Well, you're very welcome, Shandria. Mary Jane got two TVs, so she's excited. Thank you, Mary Jane. We try our best to give a little inspiration out there. Alyssa? How are you? You know, Clara, our parts type place. UK and bought some white, black, copper, gold spray paint. I'm so addicted now because of you guys. Well, thanks, Val. Let us know how that paint works out. Car spray paint? Yeah. Thanks, Nicole. She said you two are more than just inspiration to me. You both motivate me to pour every night. It's important to hone your craft in. I mean, there's no way to get better unless you do it. What kind of gems and stones do you recommend for geode pours like this? These I just got from... These are from Michaels. They're just crushed glass. And I like to also use some that came from a stand broil. They're bigger shards. They look really nice.  And I also like to add metal flakes and like Swarovski to make the sparkle a little bit more. That makes sense. But I'll list everything in the description box in terms of what I use. So I like to put the stones and glitter down first because when you hit it with a heat gun, it's going to blow everywhere. And I don't really want my glitter to spread to other places as glitter does. So I put my... The very first thing I do is to add the glass because that kind of maps out the rest of your geode. And it's hard to move it once you have resin down. So I do that first and then put resin over it. I use two different kinds of resin. So a thicker one and a thinner one to keep my lines separate or to help keep my lines separate. Sometimes there's just no separating resin. It's hard to control as you know if you've ever used resin. So this is kind of just my method of how I can control where the resin goes. How do you say that? Buck. B-U-K-I-D-A-N. I think that's how it would say it. Buckhead and Art. Hi, Tony. Some glitter. Yeah, we were there. I went there yesterday and bought like 15 canvases.  But it was great because you get 15 for like, I think I only spent like 95 bucks. So it was awesome. Glitter glass as well from recollections. They're just in certain areas. A lot of these is just like what you like. I wouldn't get hung up on like trying to make your work look like someone else's. Because I mean, art is subjective. You just kind of do what you like. Can't go wrong if you like it. But what do you think about adding this since I'm doing teals and reds? Is that too much? Teals and reds? I don't know. Teals and reds. Oh, that's car flake. Yeah. Did you guys put anything behind the canvas in the middle to support it? Nope. No, Alicia, that's, we prepped it pretty well. And it's got a pour on it already. And it's got a pour over it already. So we prepped it with house paint, sanded it and all that fun jazz poured over it. And then that's been probably, I don't know, three or four days that that's set. So it's definitely a flattened hard surface. I just broke up the canvas. Thanks, Tiffany. Only if it's for a minute. We love it. Make sure you hit that thumbs up button. Deborah's in the house. All right. Thanks, Tiffany. Let's see some thumbs up people. All that helps us. Yeah, that's that's actual car flake. First round on me. Y'all enjoy the festival. I'm sorry. Lars. He just sent $400. The four dollars or four? Four. Four. Lars Duncan. First round on me. Y'all enjoy the festival. $400. That's real life. I'm going to put that on Snapchat. Lars, send us an email with your address. I want to send you a painting. Look at this. This person just donated $400 to us.  In his shipping address. We're live by the way, guys. I'm Snapchatting this. Artists tell death on YouTube. If you guys want to check us out. She's making a geode. Artists tell death on YouTube. Go check us out, everybody. That's the name. We have the best inscribers. We're live by the way, guys. I'm Snapchatting this. Artists tell death on YouTube. You guys want to check us out. What do you mean the sassy red? What is it? It's over there. What is it? Oh, it's a paste by Laura. So for this piece, I'm doing a combination of inks, paste and powders because I want to have a lot of unique and different textures and effects. Everything you use does different stuff. So you really want to diversify your collection of paint. It's already getting warm. What is it? Hello, Sweet Pea. This color. Like, in my world, you can't get a better color than this one. Is that peacock? No, it's just turquoise by artists do. See how it like doesn't blob out? That's what I like about using two different kinds of resin. I can control it more. It's 739 here in Hawaii. Hey, Ocean. I was going to say, is that ocean? Lars, deal. Well, y'all work daily to help us and buy stocks in Fireball. You should buy stocks in Fireball. If you don't have our email address, ask Jim. Ask Jim says, can you please talk about the safety procedures we should practice when using resin and spray paint, please? Yes. Use a respirator and be in a well ventilated area. A lot of resins tout the fact that they're not harmful and have low VOC and all this stuff. But it's really, it's really, you can never be too careful. Also being in a well ventilated area and away from flames, open flames, I guess what's a closed flame? I don't know. I've got you on my afternoon for me, 640 p.m. Jackie, where are you from? I think it's good to post every once in a while during different hours so that people can catch as well. It's not like middle of the night at their time. UK, awesome. She's got some sticks ordered that are going to go out with the UK. I almost have enough orders in to go ahead and ship out to UK. Hey, Philly Phil. Waiting on a few more for the Australian order to go out. You guys, if you leave your resin in a big bucket for too long, it'll turn into an amazing paperweight. And in order to avoid that, just get it out of the major bucket as soon as possible. Like your initial mixing bucket. Hey, Dee. It's hot today. It was Wonder Woman-arting today. It's going to be really hot outside today, too. I did, Deborah. I actually went yesterday. We get the same email.  Thank you for sending that. 39 people haven't liked the video. Thanks, Artful. I'll take 10% of that. You better get over here and do something. Right there from mom. I think I need another blue or this orange color. Usually you're supposed to mix only like 10% of pigment to resin. But since I want these to be thicker consistency, I'm kind of blowing that rule off. Ron Jackson in the house. Hi, Jeff. Hi, Ron. Hi, Ron. Hi, CJ. Hi, Jeff. I'm making more homeless poor houses. Can I invite her and her homeless hair? Her hair is not homeless today. Thank you. It usually is, though. I can't even be mad about it. Do you like, do likes on your channel make a difference to your exposure, Jeff? Yes, they do. It puts us up in ranking. It gives us a better score. I think we're at a C. We started out at 600,000 something. And now we're at 500 something thousand on YouTube. Our place is moving up. We're moving up 100,000 at a time. Chris, we're going to do a giveaway at 10,000 subscribers, which should be hopefully Sunday or Monday, hopefully. Unless somebody shares us that's famous and we're going to do a giveaway. And then we're doing a giveaway. We're going to do a giveaway for the donors. Contributors, sponsors, people that do the Super Chat and the PayPal donations. This list needs to be way updated. And then we're going to do, we're going to draw for the Lupus challenge. So we have a couple that we have to give away at the end of the month. Yes, Sue. Jeff, why? Why do you Linda, you are never late? Beyond, it's 98 degrees out.  I mean, if it's not that hot in your home, it's, you should be fine. The resin just sets a little faster if it's hot out, I'm sure. Inside, I don't know, outside temp says 89. What kind of resin do you use beyond? I'm sweating just sitting here though. Thanks, Tracy. Mary Jean said, turn on the air. Hello, Cheryl. Cheryl, were you the Cheryl that wanted to buy the coasters the other night, E and F? I believe these are these right here. We have her name on them. Should be on the bigger shelf. That new wife. Oh, okay. No worries then, Cheryl. We're going to have our big guy with the crooked nose come over and knock on your door. It says reflux. Coloring it as white if it would make a difference or if it's too opaque. Looks like it probably is too opaque. You know what I would do? That would be, no, I'm just go ahead and do. I wonder what it would look like. Like, has anybody ever tried this? Like, there's no resin or paint right here. What if you took like a powder, like a metallic or a, you know, a fun color like that and just sprinkle it down and then you put different colors over it. Clear or white or something that's kind of light. I wonder if that would mix in and come to the surface. That would be interesting. Pizza, restaurant. Message retracted. What did D say? Sweet pea, you've done that before? I was married Jane Leven. Thanks, Jackie. I've been, I've been slacking on my sunset and my sunrise videos and photos. I used to take them pretty much every day, but the building I live in, we get the sunrise, but don't get the sunset or else I'd have to go up on the roof and get the sunrise. I'm sorry, the sunset. Lou's leaving? Okay, married Jane, go take care of dad. And that was the first time that I used my hyperlapse on my phone. Basically what it does, I believe that it records, but then it records a second of each minute and then splices it all together. And I just now found out on my phone that I could change that speed to slower or faster. Good afternoon, Amanda. No roof after fireball. It's a pretty good size roof. There's no falling off of it. It's pretty much the entire building. There's a barbecue up there, a pool. The sign that's on top of our building you can get to and take pictures with it. Lars says, Jeff, why does he like Bama? Completely off topic. Because, camera's on you. She went to Alabama. Also, she likes winters. Not winters, but winters.  Edward, not everybody watches every single day. Kathleen said, oh my God, E, what you're doing on that corner is out of sight. Hey, I'm in a tight spot. Can I borrow $400? Look at my friend, Danny, I'm just sent me. He's too funny. I should show his telephone number on there so you guys can text him. Can you listen? Like a piece of metal or something like that? Did you get locked out of the... There's more rooms I've got to get into. They gave me a key that worked for one of the doors, but it's not worth it. I have a camera. A screwdriver. A bigger pair of pliers, a bigger set of beads. I think they're big. Those? Here, I'll let you take your big-ass pliers. I found a short on the wire, so I'm trying to change everything over here. We appreciate it. Sorry, I'm missing questions. We have AT&T over here right now. Sorry, I got you guys zoomed in. I'm just pushing these lines just till they touch each other. I'd like to play a video here. AT&T family, I'm wondering if there's any resin artists from London on here now. It'd be cool to find others alike. We got anybody from London here? What time is it in London? 7 p.m. Oh, awesome. Did you have a great day? Did you art? We're going to need some of those... Like, what I want to do. Like, you know how they have the clocks in different... like, New York, London, Japan, UK, Canada. We're going to have to get those and use them for real. Especially when I do my 24-hour live feed. Woo! That's going to be fun. 24 hours of nothing but art and special guests and a lot of pouring. We're going to have special guests come in and pour with us and have no clue what they're doing. And yes, it's going to be 24 hours. Jackie, I've got Dallas time on alarm. Yeah, a CD would be a little bit small for me. I tend to go a little bit bigger when it comes to as far as making resin.  You're not going to hit it for too long because you don't want to liquefy your resin. You just want it just enough to pop the bubbles. Wait, is Lars and Sweepey having an argument? Don't make me turn this car around. We'll turn this beat around right now. I know something about Lars's. His sense of humor will never leave Sweepey. Sometimes, to a fault, I'm half Cherokee and half Scottish. Well, that makes for some interesting conversation, I bet.  Michelle B, happy pouring everyone. Thanks, Michelle. No, I thought for some reason just by his. Sweepey, no. I guess I just took it out of context. I guess you could say, like, just seeing what he said. Mud Pie Girl 2. I'm Irish Indian. Ah, okay, okay. All right, Lars, sorry about that. Jenny is mixing resin now. Indian Irish Italian Sweepey. That sounds, then your name sounds like it might be one of those kind of names that you would call a big guy. You call him Tiny. Or a tiny guy, Andre the Giant. Yeah. Japanese American. I said hi. Finally catching you live. I'm totally addicted to you guys. Thanks, Jamie. I'm glad to have you here. The red pops. Good, I was worried it was too much. What are you going to put on that red? Are you going to just leave it or are you going to put some sparkles on it? Are you asking or are you asking? You, me. I would heat it and blend it like that. Like, have it to where that teal is blended and blended.  You push it. I'm setting up on her. My name is Gina. That's not my name. Hi, Ann. What did Laura say? Jamie, there was no before painting. She's just putting the geode over an old pour. For what? White. That's because of that white. But I don't know how that's going. I guess you can just go over that. Wondering art. Did I miss that name? Lucy, what do I want to make for supper? Off topic. Make some spaghetti and meatballs. It's white, gold, purple. That's a great color. I don't know if it's going to be on, but just make sure that you don't put too much gold because the gold will take over. If you don't make it too busy, all those colors look really good together, but it's really easy to make. It's real easy to make it busy because you want to try to keep, continue to mix those colors. And then it'll just get muddy and it'll turn like a light purple. Judy in the house. She said, sorry, I have no good excuse. The red is, what is it? Sassy? Sassy from Le Rez. Edward, we have quite a bit of Montana. It's kind of hard to see over there, but a lot of that paint over there is Montana and it doesn't have a, I haven't never seen it with the chalky effect unless you get the chalk spray paint. Let's see, Edward.  That's weird. Well, I guess it would depend on how you're spraying it because Montana is so opaque and I believe it's just so, it just, it comes out a little different. It could have been a high pressure can.  So that's what I would think. This is from Montana. It's chalk. It's a beautiful purple too. And it's like when you spray it, it looks like almost like purple velvet. It's just a gold can. So you're using, is it this that it says acrylic on it or are you using the Montana black gold? Judy didn't miss too much. She's just pouring over a past resin piece. I believe it's a 20 by 20. Yeah, maybe it's because it's acrylic and maybe you were maybe standing too far away. You probably had the stock tip, which is probably a little bit bigger tip. I would like to do a dark purple from the res and silver. I would like also to use green. What do you think? I think it would probably look like this. Janet, it's kind of hard to see these colors. I don't know if this is the res though, but that's not silver though. Sorry. She said silver. But if you put those colors next to each other, that purple and the green, it looks really good. All right, y'all. We'll look it up. Cheryl, thank you. Everybody not to change the subject, but the res expression is selling something. I just ordered five bottles of the binder. The binder? Yeah. It is a binder for resin. You can mix about powder with it and mix. Okay. Who's that? Judy. Bulgaria. Hi Sharon Jones. This is the first layer of a geo that she started tonight. Today. Erica and Jeff, don't be ugly. What? What do we do? What do we do? Judy. But we were being ugly. Ideas. You said I should put glitter through the red? No. Oh, I don't know. I don't know, babe. You do what you do. What do you think? Good first layer? It's a good first layer. Don't do ugly. Are you talking about my hair? Do a wavy flag next. I don't know. Judy, have you been drinking? Have you been getting into the fireball, Judy? You know, that's the old poor underneath. She says no art. You make as ugly. Oh, no art. Oh, okay. I see. I was like, how are you in trouble? Text messages so can be so deceitful sometimes. I get it, Linda. I'm getting it now, guys. Go down the center of that. Hold it up higher. There you go. These were either an ink so that it's transparent or has some kind of shimmer in it. So the gray has a shimmer in it so it looks kind of stony. Can I bring by Erica's prototypes after you guys are done? It has to be before three o'clock, Greg. But sure. The shimmer and the gray and the teal. See how it looks like stone-ish? You can see, hold that light kind of towards this way. You can see through this. Yeah. You can see through the bottom. I wanted to show a little bit of the underpainting. Thanks, Linda. So I have like the lighter red is an ink and the teal that's not shimmer is also an ink. You can see through here, there, back here. I'm doing a Memorial Day resin pour and auctioning it off. I'm donating the proceeds to a veteran organization. What are the chances you guys would do something like that? I'll clear for that guy. We have this guy right here. The red, white, and blue monster. Is that a 12 by 24? 10 by 20. 10 by 20. Does that girl have to buy that piece? Do you remember your reference? It is 118. Feel like doing a full step out of the way, friend. So part of this resin will set up in 24 hours. Nope, like 12 hours. And the other, like the iron blow, it sets up fairly quick. I could probably work on the parts that I used that resin with later today. But I also used art resin, which takes about a triple the time. Maybe you want to put this in the new hanger? Oh, I just kind of fit in there. Hold on, guys. I'm putting this stuff away. I'll do the top of this. I'm going to reset this area for Jeb to 4. If you ever did a paint line where people could come and create paint with you, guys will be down just thinking about that. Good. Man, do a class. I'm going to have to wait till this sets and feel it off. Okay. What's the word? Is it thick? I think so. I'll have to place it and make sure. All right. It took me a long time, but I finally got it in that room. Do you have to break the door down? I just had to pry it open. So basically. Yeah. Yeah, are you asking any questions today? No, they're talking amongst each other. Hold your peacock colors. How did the little ones from last night turn out? She'll bring them over here in two seconds. Lars. So what's up, Jeff? I don't know. What's up, Lars? I said the little ones from last night. Someone purchased this one. This one is available, which I love. Let me get over there and show you guys the depth that we're working on. I'm going to have to love this piece and Jeff's little piece. For the past weekend of the month? Yeah. Thanks. Judy, Amanda, Leighton got this one right that on there. For what? For this coming week? For this upcoming one? Can't hear him talk. I know. Yeah. That's a whole different class because that would take more days. I was showing them these. Shows what a good idea it is to spray the canvases in nice bright colors. Yes, I agree. Ellen says, Jeff, I love that shirt. Might have to get a room at a hotel and ask room discounts for anyone staying. That's a good idea. I pulled the peacock colors if you wanted them. So y'all, how so shiny resin? It's plastic. For shiny. Do you want me to move that stuff for you? We're talking about an ATD fan mini convention. That's amazing. I'm so down. Bethany said, Erica, can you come to Colorado for a weekend of art with us in Colorado if we pay your way? We travel for art all the time. Super down. So Jeff is just went out of it. Jeff is prepping. Not yet, Tamara. But I will. How bananas would it be if we did do an ATD convention? Mm-hmm. I agree, Mary, yet it's bananas. PJ, that's a great idea. I'm sorry, Sheila. We definitely went rogue on our... Lars said total bananas. Agreed. We went rogue on the times that we've been posting. Is there anyone? We really appreciate it, Lars. Thank you so much. Sweet Pea said, thank you for putting that on, making an OSHA woman proud. That'd be amazing, Chris. Just chat it up with everybody in the group and we'll see if we can set something up. Maybe we'll just start up a Facebook group. Chander said, y'all have me saying bananas. Also, not everyone gets it. They will. One day, it'll be a thing.  Not yet, Sheila. Give me an hour. I'll start a Facebook group today. Once they reach 500 followers, then we'll talk back. No. This is so much work. I can't even imagine all of our social media right now. That's just, we're not going to be doing any awkward. Those are pretty color choices, Bea. We're trying to pick a good color palette to pour on this size. It is a 20 by 60. So what Jeff's doing right now is a trick. She tightened your canvas even further. Cotton candy palette. We'll have to test first. I know Tamara isn't at bananas. I've lost my train of thought. As per you. If you can get your canvas to sound like this, if you can hear it, that's a good sign. Especially with a, what do we call these? Less expensive canvas. Less expensive, poorly made. Is that a nice way to say it? An expensive way to make it? Yeah. Judy, that's a very good point. Hi, can I ask what is bananas? Bananas is a term we use to say something is awesome. All she said. Even when she's talking about apples. I say it's bananas even when I'm talking about apples. That'd be accurate though. It's real life. Real life. Did you say help me? That's what he said. That's a good idea, sweet pea. What did he spray on? It's just warm tap water. And then we hit it with a heat gun. Because, okay, think about it. A canvas is just stretched cotton substance, right? So you know that cotton clothes shrink when you hit them with high heat. Could be also linen. That's true. But that also shrinks. We'll open up space on the wall. I just said bananas is trending.  Don't make me check Twitter. Do you never use the wooden sticks on the back of the canvas? No. Josh, I've never heard of that. Can you send me info on Thorntonartistilldeath.com? Two T's, two L's. Yes, Nancy, I believe they have. I'll send you a tracking number. This is real science. Lars, I think I do remember that show. My pleasure, Nancy. This is for yin-yang pours. Jeff loves doing yin-yang pours. And he's quite good at them. Updates is insane. Ellen, it actually, it's totally for real science. Ron, I did, I got a notification that we have a package in, but I haven't checked the mail yet. The pain in the tickets. This is true. But give me a second and I'll run down there and check it. All right, guys, I'm going to skateboard down to the lobby and get the stuff that Ron just sent. He sent us a package. And I'll be right back. So talk amongst yourselves. Also, Jeff will be starting this. There are peacock colors, I think. But instead of doing, I guess technically would be, is this five colors? I don't know if you guys can see that. Plum, teal, blue, green. I want some banana pudding. All right, so I'm not going to read any comments. So don't talk to me, talk amongst yourselves. Let's see, here's the subject. Cat taco spelled backwards is cat taco and race car spelled backwards is race car. And go. I think it's taco cat, not cat taco. I just thought about that. See, having ADD is a good thing. See, that would drive you crazy if I'm sitting here and I can't read the comments and nobody's reading the comments. And it's so quiet, it drives me nuts. So I gotta have some kind of music. I love listening to music when I do artwork. So if somebody asked us earlier today, I don't know if anybody who's watching earlier, if you're new, you just join. Normally we go on around eight o'clock at night or four. But today we're going to a concert. It's called BFD. In perfect circles, headlining. Some triple pilots in like seven or eight other bands. And it starts, I think it starts at one, but we're going at four. So we will not be live tonight. This is our live E tonight. And if you have a question and you've asked a question and nobody has answered it, everybody in the group will be happy to. Judy, she's one of our experts. If you could say that, expert. There's quite a few people that will answer questions for you. So don't hesitate to ask. Somebody will answer it. We love and appreciate that as well. All right, we're going to do this. We're going to try. Hey y'all, did you miss me? Let's see what we got here. This one. Caller visit today. Paint with Pearl, Lindy and Matt Donnelly. Look at those little cuts. It's graduated. Well, it doesn't have one to one. Yes, it does. No, it doesn't. I lied. It doesn't have one to one. And I don't know how to transfer math. How cute is that? Chameleon. It's a chameleon one. This is a chameleon. Lindy and Matt Connelly out of Denver, Colorado, sent us some chameleon paint. Y'all, I don't know if you can even see how pretty this color is. It's like a rose gold green y'all. Super pumped about that. And they sent a cute little this. And it has their information on it. So I know we can get this made. Both. Look, it's the company name is Paint with Pearls, and it has their logo on here. I am so excited about trying that. Okay. Then I think this is from you, Ron. Let me get some openers. Ron, should we get a dog sniffer out here? Make sure it's legitimate. I don't think this is from you, Ron. I think I ordered this. I ordered some, like, carver equipment because I got some this epoxy sculpt. Because I want to try this out with my stuff. For geodes. Okay. What did I miss? I told them to talk about taco cat race car spelled backwards. It's purple on black background, pearl on white background, and my guy sent. I didn't get that. But sometimes they overlook what boxes we have down there. So I may have to make another trip later. Or check that. I know Kathleen, it's going to be bananas. Do you like them, Laura? It's said delivered. Okay. Then it's probably down there and they just overlooked it. That happens more often than not, unfortunately. It sounds like it's going to be beautiful. Ron, I'll double check. But I can't call down there and see because I'm on my phone. So what colors are we working with? These ones up here. So he's using Artisu teal. Artisu bright gold. By Ocean. Purple amethyst. This is also by Artisu. This is blue green by Black Diamond. This is beautiful color, by the way. And also everyone's favorite and mine plum. Yeah, sugar swank, we're doing afternoon pour. I'll check it out on your page, Jodi. I'll make a note now. Beyond semi, what white you're using. Note, Tamara, this is not from Ron. He's sent two other colors that were not this violet ghost interference paint. Casting craft should work beyond what are you putting with it? What other colors? Put it down. Okay. Put clear and then over it put the casting craft. So let's say this raw part right here was clear. You would put casting craft right down the middle of it. Heat it and tilt it. It should sell up. I have no idea if it doesn't. I can't understand why it wouldn't. Maybe shake up your... Oh, sorry, Ron. This is one, but the color is blue violet or violet blue ghost. Oh, this is it. Okay. So this is from Ron. I'm super excited about this chameleon color shift. I've been wanting to try chameleon colors so much. And I just haven't, like, taken the time to order. Thank you, Ann. Agreed. I'm also like, so I don't have to go down there and be like, y'all don't give me all my packages. And I'm super digging this little graduated measuring cup that it came with. I'm going to have to contact them and see where they had these made up because I know that we've been looking for ones similar to put our own logo on to send to you guys. I swear these things are not even... Is everybody going to open? You've got to have people across the only portal over there. Okay. I've got your number now. Thank you. No, that's it. I really appreciate it. I'm going to have to check out this company again. The paint with pearls. Kathleen, let me know. I don't see it over here. I think it's bubbles. Appreciate it. You too. I'm going to get a mural done. I was seriously thinking about getting one done in my room. That's awesome. You got our card. That's their cell phone number. So she has the text. I mean, y'all could do like just a forest theme, right? I mean, yeah. That's what I was thinking about. Because I live out in the woods. Then you're not tired of trees? What's up? You live out in the woods, but you want more trees? Yeah. Gotcha. Yeah. Thank you so much. Have a good one. So you said one of our wires was bad, but he fixed it. Hopefully that's done. Like targeting. Boom. Boom. What did I miss? I know that guy did have southern accent. Belinda, I missed all of what y'all are talking about. My ideal is these days with colors, but they are way off. 100% confused right now. Hi. Diamond 12K from Dublin. I think it's that, but that's the undercoat, isn't it? Where do you find the silicone stands? Joyce, you can get them on Amazon. I'll try to link them in the description box. Sheila, I was wondering the same thing, but I hadn't had a chance to ask that yet. What is the benefit of making a paste with a binder instead of just mixing it with resin? Like what's the difference in outcome and workability? Hi, Dana. Glad you can make it to the live. That just looks so fun and Willy Wonka. I'm going to go ahead and add those silicone snakes to my Amazon affiliate link. You can see it in the description box below. Ideas says, Jeff, this pour is really unique. Like likes it unique. It looks like something from the 80s. Makes me think of Alice in Wonderland, right? It sure does. Oh, awesome, Paula Wall. Thank you so much. I'm adding it to my affiliate link right now. All right, there you go. I added it to my affiliate link. So down in the description box, you can find it and order it. Just gained another subscriber. Now we're at 98.25. I have my ticker going. Jackie says, I think it looks Indian. Ooh, oh, need. Debbie says, Susanna used it with powders so that they're smoother and won't clump. Panda Bear, I haven't seen that yet. Can you like let me know who does it? And I'll watch the videos. If I can see what it looks like. Ooh, y'all were ticking up. Doop, doop, doop. If I can see how it looks, then I can try to figure out what they did to make it do that. Then you can store it later for immediate use. Awesome. Awesome. And thank you. Hi, happy owl. I started a geode and Jeff did this very, I hope you like it now because I think all of this looks really, really nice. Hi, Stephanie. Well, you've got two people that are like, need it interested. So what kind of price tag are you going to? I'm just heating it so that it thins out. I don't like it when it's so just stale like this, but like the gold that runs through it. This will settle out real nice. Real nice. Do you have a price tag on it? I like how this looks like a sea fan right here. Like the long starvation. Yes, I can show you close up one second. We bring that back over here. It looks like you spritzed some alcohol on it. I did that. I did the heat when you do it in a circle. You're not just holding it on there. It fans it out. I just hope that it stays like that. It's just going to continue to sell. That looks fun. I didn't even notice that this like starburst of cells. I will show you guys what he used in just a second. Here's the geode from earlier. We didn't pull it all the way out. I only have one hand. Do you need some stuff? I want to put, no that's plastic on there. I want to put some. I just, I don't want to get it on that tape. I have enough of probably a 8x8. An 8x8 or you want the smaller one? Here's that one. What was that? A 10x20? Yep. It's like 250. I think like 250 would be a good price for that. But what are we doing there for what we did? You could say 250 for that one. We sold a couple that were there for 250. Ju says, okay, the 20 of you who didn't thumbs up on your way in, leave and do it. And then come back. The colors he used were Artisou Plum, Artisou Teal, Artisou Bright Gold, Artisou Purple Amethyst, and Black Diamond Blue Green.  You have leftover. And normally with other, with other epoxy's man, you'll have a little popsicle cup. Right. Thank you Paula. Sharon, how much for which one? The one he just did was 250. Now Judy, isn't it bananas? Have you found any pigment brands you should not use together? Kurt, we haven't really found any that just don't cooperate with each other yet. Also Lars, don't forget to shoot me an email so I can send you a thank you. Where's Lars from? Did he say? No. Where are you from Lars? By Alicia. You can mix ink and color pigments. We've done that before. Sharon, for that 10 by 20 pour. Lars says, I'm from Georgia. So go dogs. I don't mind bulldogs. I'm glad you guys don't really have that orange coach anymore. So that's cool. No worries, Lars. As long as it's a good conference, then I can't be mad. Like the SEC is the way to go. You can't get mad at anybody from the SEC. Judy said, I'll be thinking of you while I'm working in my nice cool studio and you're sweltering in the hot sun, concerting. Y'all, I have the most fair skin ever invented. And there's, I could spray on sunblock every 20 minutes. The entire time we're there and I'm still going to not only burn, but burn and have leprosy. Like all of the skin's coming off. I just have to accept it. Like this is not a, I match the canvas. There's no like skin tone. PJ, you still count. You're SEC. Chris Hart, I completely get it because I'm an Air Force brat. Hi, Caroline. Greg says it's only 93 so far today. Oh, just only. That's a good idea, SVP. Boom, done. Use bullfrog and rub it on. That keeps me from burning. I just, I just have to just know that I'm... I'm just going to wrap it in a white sheet. Right? B, that's a pretty stunning piece. I will just let it go. Let it go. Very nice little eight by eight. It's probably got some like stuff set on the bottom of it. You put it away? Everyone loves it. Rusty wants to know how much. Is that a 50? No, the little ones are 50. That one's a 75. 75. 75, Rusty. Laura Taylor, I got y'all beat 47 degrees here. Listen, unless you're talking Celsius, Laura wants to know what Jeff does with the messy mixes on the wax paper. So, Rusty. I was going to say, if anybody buys those two... 75 plus shipping. 75 plus shipping. I'll throw in whatever coasters I make from this. Oh, I know. People are like, throw coaster in it. Rusty wants it. Lars, sounds great. I just told at .com. Don't forget there's an N hiding in here. And two T's, two L's. For everybody that buys artwork from us, please keep in mind that we like to hold on to the artwork for at least a week after pouring it so we can make sure that it has settled and is set and shipping won't damage anything in transit. He's about to dip a coaster in it. Judy said you could dip a whole another canvas in that. Really good. 47 is 116. Thank you for the translation. I'm going to learn Celsius versus Fahrenheit one day. Ron, did you get the confirmation, shipping information I sent you? Here's proof that it sent Ron Jackson shipping number. Southern heat is no joke, y'all. Like, whatever temperature it says, like how it actually feels is about 14 sweaty armpits plus whatever number it is. Bethany, I did not check that yet. Rusty, I definitely will. Let me write that down. Or you could just shoot it over to me and just add $20 shipping. I think that's what it was last time I checked. I was like me! Is that maybe or may not be upside down? It may be upside down. Well, the bottom's finished. I'll take it, Sharon. I got your name written down already. That'll cover shipping and for the price of the piece. Caroline says Texas, heat is bad, but at least humidity is low. True for most days. It's a little bit humid today because it rained yesterday. V said I've been there, I couldn't breathe. It's bananas. Florida's got us all meat, I'm sure of it. Will you give me like two? They're over there. I have a lot. That one's really pretty. How many do you need? Two more? I'm using this paper because plastic, that black plastic bubbles up on you. Tamara, which one? One, two, three, four. These two go to, did both of those paintings sell? Yes. These two go to one of each of those paintings. That's going to drip off there. I'll just put it with the... I just wrote her name on the bottom of it. Tamara, I wrote your name on the bottom of it. Did Tamara buy the one? Yes, she bought that one. Two of them go with each painting. Two with one painting, two with another painting, and Tamara bought this one. Dude, that looks funny. Did he blow on that or is that...? Yeah, the one time I went online dropping. Right. 88 degrees in Northern New Jersey. I would have... I need some tops. Okay. Tamara, this is number two. Yeah. I might not get it. Fantastic, Sharon. Thank you. I bet it's really hot in Nigeria. That one does look very elegant. Let me get out of the light. Rub it in, Judy. Just rub it in. Dude, you said, I have homes in Belize. It's the most beautiful place in the world. Just rub it in. Judy said, I have homes in Belize. It's about this temperature there. What did she say? 82 degrees? Greg said, quit bragging. Daphne, you totally need to pick up resin. It's one of my favorite art forms. I know I was invited, Judy, but at the time I didn't have the funds. I mean, not that I have the funds now, but I'm more comfortable. Tony, this one that I showed you last, let me know. I'll make it to one of them soon. Yes, Rusty, you get two of these. Tony Centinello. Same, sweet pea. Rusty, you do get two of those. Greg, you can go ahead and come up here. Ron said convention in Belize at Judy's place. Ron, you don't even know. Judy, I will be there. I'll start saving now. We'll make it happen. Where are those tweezers at? I put them over there. Greg, the door's unlocked. I know, Lars. Judy is 100% amazing. Lars says, Greg, grab me a beer, please. Lars, you can come over. We have beer for you. They're over there. They should be on that table with the spritzer. Ron said pour it, see resin wouldn't level. Is that because of the waves? All of them? I don't think Greg's going to make it before the end of this. He's coming in from Carrollton and I don't think he's going to make it in time to catch us on the live. But we'll tell him, you all said hello. So far we've hit 98, 30. We're so close to the 10,000 mark. I'm so excited about that. Thank you all so much for taking part of your day to spend with us and watch us art. I hope you all have learned something or if not got a laugh out of all of it. If you have a question, please shoot us an email at Thorntonartistill.com, 2Ts2Ls. Don't forget this little N in here. If you want to show us some of your artwork, please. Hashtag us at hashtag ATDART. Don't forget we have the giveaway for the stir sticks. If you want to be a part of the lupus pour challenge, just pour something predominantly purple. Tag us, hashtag us, or send it to me in an email so I can see it. Our top three favorites will win some complimentary stir sticks from us. Even the shipping will be on me. If you want to see some of our artwork, please check us out at Artists Till Death Studios on Instagram or ThorntonartistillDeath on Facebook. It's open! Greg may have made it after all, y'all. He did. Yes, Rusty. Oops. I mean, it's Thornton at ArtistsTillDeath.com is our PayPal right there. What's up? What you got? Hey. Oh, it's going to be great. Greg, you want to get in on this video? Oh, I know. So this is the amazing Greg that does all of our boards. Hey, guys. If you want some of his amazing boards, he custom-cut me some lip shapes that are cradled in the back. Yeah, he could definitely make me a geochate. Everybody's saying hi. Let everybody know you're Etsy so they can order some boards. It's just ABGdesignsco.etsy.com. The CO. That's where I keep forgetting. But I'll link his information in the description box below. I hope to see you guys all tomorrow. We are not doing a pour tonight because we will be at... What is the thing? What are we going to tonight? BFD. We're going to the BFD concert. Sweet Pea, the boards depend on what size you're interested in, but check out his Etsy. I'll link it in the description box below this video. Thank you guys so so much for coming by and seeing what we had to do. See you guys tomorrow. Bye.


Let's talk about it. The spring marathons are fast approaching and many of you will be training for one of the big ones, Boston, London, Rotterdam, Brighton, Manchester, Paris. Paris in fact is the second largest marathon in the world in terms of participation numbers. Can you guess which is the largest? No, not New York. No, not London. It is in fact Mumbai in India which took place in January this year. What? I know. Let me know in the comments which spring marathon you are currently training for. Many of you I imagine will have a goal time in mind. Some of you will be wanting to get that elusive PR or PB. Other people will be targeting a Boston qualifier or indeed a London good for age time. The qualifying standards for the Boston marathon haven't changed in four years with 18 to 34 year old men needing to get under three hours and women needing to get under three hours 30 minutes. In my age category I would need to run a marathon in under three hours 25 minutes in order to qualify for Boston. But remember it doesn't matter if you get under the qualifying time that is no guarantee of entry. It all depends on how many other runners run the qualifying time and how much under the qualifying time you manage to get and only the fastest runners get in. That didn't use to be the case for the London marathon. Once upon a time if you got under the qualifying time even by a second you were in no questions asked. That all changed though a couple of years ago when London marathon events announced that they were going to be adopting a similar criteria to the Boston marathon whereby if you got under the qualifying time that didn't necessarily guarantee you a spot in the London marathon. But the actual qualifying times have essentially with the occasional tweak remained the same for a number of years. I wrote an article on the film my run website back in 2017 all about London marathon good for age qualifying times. And back then for a man of 18 to 34 the qualifying time was under three hours and for a woman it was three hours 45 minutes. In my age category it was three hours 15 minutes and that's essentially remained the same until very recently. By the way if you're finding this video useful or interesting then please do consider subscribing to the channel and also share it with your friends or anyone you know who might be interested. Many of you will have started training after Christmas and if your goal was or is a London marathon good for age time then you will have checked the qualifying standard and modified your training plan in order to work towards that goal. And these are very fine margins there's a huge difference between finishing in three hours and crossing the line in two hours 55. But if you've been training for a sub three marathon to qualify for London that's now exactly what you have to do. In fact everyone who's been training for their GFA goal time now has to find at least an extra five minutes from somewhere and for some people that's going to be impossible. Brighton and Paris marathons as I record this video are less than a week away. If you've been training for GFA for one of those marathons unless you have an absolutely stellar day and I really hope you do you are essentially screwed. It is very frustrating for a lot of runners who work their asses off all winter and maybe only have one chance in the year to get the time they need. But that is a saving grace of these changes you do have time. If you can possibly fit in another marathon training block the end of the qualifying period is September 30th so you could potentially run another marathon before that date. So why have London Marathon events done this? Well it's twofold as the sport of running becomes increasingly popular more and more runners are getting out there and there are so many runners now entering these events there simply aren't enough places available but also runners are getting faster. The dawn of the super shoe has redefined what runners are capable of and there is a wealth of information now on YouTube and the wider internet helping runners to train better and smarter to reduce their risk of injury to recover faster and to achieve results they never believed possible. By making qualification more difficult London Marathon events are hoping fewer people will be successful and therefore they'll get fewer applications although arguably with the current criteria it shouldn't matter what time they set because once all the fastest runners have qualified and all the spaces are filled up then that's it. I guess it means that fewer people will be left hanging on waiting to see if they're going to be successful fewer people will be disappointed when they don't get in and of course I guess it means less admin for London Marathon events. I ran two hours 55 in Paris last year check that video out right here and let me know in the comments what do you think of the new qualifying times for GFA and if you're not subscribed to the channel please do that now I'll be most grateful and I'll see you on the start line next time


Suppose we're working mod 7. Since 7 is equivalent to 0, we know that 30 is equal to 23 plus 7, but we could ignore the 7. And 23, well that's 16 plus 7, and again, since 7 is equivalent to 0, we could ignore the 7. 16 is 9 plus 7, and ignoring the 7. 9 is 2 plus 7, and ignoring the 7. And so 30 is equivalent to 23, 16, 9, or 2. But wait, there's more. I can rewrite 2 is negative 5 plus 7, and so I have another equivalent, negative 5. And it should be clear we can keep going. 30, which is congruent to negative 5, well negative 5 is congruent to negative 12 plus 7. And so we can generate an infinite number of these congruences. And since they're all equivalent, we can use any one of them. But which one do we want to use? And any sensible person would say, pick the largest and most inconvenient value. Wait, wrong script. Sorry, any sensible person would say, well, if we have a choice, let's pick a positive value that is as small as it could be. So let's pick this value 2 because it's the least positive value. And that leads us to an important problem. Given A, find the least non-negative B for which A is equivalent to B mod N. So let's make a few observations. First thing we note is that our definition of division with remainder, suppose N is a positive integer and A, B, and R are integers where the relationship A equals BN plus R with R between 0 and N. Then A divided by N is equal to B with remainder R. Now remember, if you're working mod N, N itself is equivalent to 0 mod N. And so this means that A, which is equal to BN plus R, is going to be congruent to R itself. And this gives us a useful way of finding a number mod N. It's the remainder when we divide by N. And let's think about this a little bit more. This remainder is always going to be less than the divisor. And consequently, working mod N means never having to work with large numbers. The largest number we'll ever have to work with is less than N. For example, let's say we want to find the least number congruent to 153 mod 23. Well, let's divide. 153 divided by 23 is... And so 153 is going to be congruent to the remainder mod 23. Let's play around with this a little bit. Suppose A is congruent to R mod N, and let B be congruent to R mod N as well. And so let's think about the relationship between A and B. So since A is congruent to R mod N, this means that A divided by N leaves remainder R. And so we can write A as P times N plus some remainder R. Similarly, because B is congruent to R mod N, we know that R is the remainder when B is divided by N. And so we know that B is something times N plus R. Now, I can stare at this for a few minutes and note a couple of things. I don't want to multiply it. I don't want to add it. I don't want to divide.  And this leads to a very useful result. Suppose that A is equivalent to B mod N. They have the same remainders, in other words. Then A minus B is a multiple of N. And I should stop here, because we want to think about things in terms of multiplication. Unfortunately, we never do. And so the other way we can look at this is A minus B is divisible by N. And again, you really don't want to think about this divisibility property. You really want to think about this multiplication property that A minus B is something times N. It's a much more useful, much easier way of looking at the relationship. We can also go backwards. Suppose A minus B is divisible by N, then A must be equivalent to B mod N. So for example, let's try to determine which of these are congruent mod 37. So we could try to find the remainders when all of these are divided by 37, but that's a lot of work. So rather than try to find the remainder when these are divided by 37, we consider the difference between the values. For example, 5,072 minus 4,9098 is 74. And since 74 is 37 times 2, then the difference is a multiple of 37. And so the two values are congruent mod 37. Well, that worked pretty well. Suppose I find the difference between two of the other terms. So say 5,072 minus 5,050. And we find the difference is, and since 22 is not a multiple of 37, then 5,072 is not congruent to 5,050 mod 37. And finally, we have one last difference to find. 5,050 minus 4,998, and that works out to be 52. And since 52 is not a multiple of 37, then 5,050 is not congruent to 4,998.


Welcome everyone to our Grand Rounds this morning. We're all excited to see each other virtually again want to acknowledge our speakers Dr. Orianna Levin and Teresa Long who on their own really have an interest in COVID-19 and personal protective equipment and have produced a rather prepared a Grand Rounds for us today. So if you would look at the chat section as well the chat section is where you'll be able to post any questions. I'll be monitoring questions throughout the presentation. I will jump in if there is a question that I feel like needs to be asked at that moment. Would ask that everyone keeps their microphones muted. If we do get feedback then our AV team will end up muting you on their own and then finally if you would all look in the chat section for announcements about CME the CME phone number the CME code. Do want to just let everyone know that there's a lot of things happening in the education realm for any faculty on if you are interested. There are some rounds that we're doing with residents both resident driven both faculty driven there are opportunities to produce mock world board style questions etc as we work through this time. Again want to thank our presenters today and Dr Arianna Levin comes to us by way of Cornell. She's one of our PGY2 residents and Teresa Long is our PGY3 resident coming to us by way of University of Missouri in Columbia. Turn the time over to you two. Thank you Dr. Petty. I also want to let everyone know if you can watch on a computer it may be better we have a lot of pictures for you today. So as Dr. Petty introduced I'm Arianna Levin I'm a PGY2 with Teresa Long our PGY3 and we're excited today to present to you COVID-19 masks review of the science sustainable innovations and practical use. Today we're going to cover surgical masks N95s cloth masks and most excitingly innovative designs including new ideas for fabrics and 3d prints and for each of these we're going to review the current CDC guidelines recent scientific literature our university guidelines as well as practical use and considerations at Moran Eye Center. There are many challenges to the healthcare system right now we are fortunate to be in an ambulatory center that's sheltered from many of these but one of the challenges is shortages in personal protective equipment. There's even a web page from the CDC that allows healthcare centers to calculate how quickly they're going to burn through their PPE. Do we specifically have a mask shortage yet? Well New York Times has reported on how the world's richest country ran out of a 75 cent mask. Bloomberg News has reported on hospital workers making masks from office supplies amid U.S. shortage. NPR has reported COVID-19 has caused a shortage of face masks. Moran Eye Center is using a lot of masks and about a month ago I wondered if we had any alternatives. I was thinking that if we were able to use fewer masks then maybe our stock could be used elsewhere. I wondered if it would be financially beneficial at a time when our clinic volume is low and I imagined that at the very least we might produce less waste. Here at Moran we're currently using masks in the following settings. In clinic we have physicians, technicians, patients and schedulers all in masks. In the operating room as usual we have our physicians, anesthesia and nurses in masks. All of our administrative faculty and staff are now wearing masks as well. Here's what PPE in New York looks like right now. These are Instagram posts from my friend Dr. Jamie Law who's currently a resident in New York City. In the first panel she writes organic chem goggles from college for the win. In the second panel we see a very blurry syringe and she writes what my vision actually looks like all night. And in the third panel she says also those were presses and a syringe in my pocket. Cowboy night medicine question mark. If we had reusable masks then the solution to we're running out of masks would be an easy solution. It might also reduce the number of disposable masks that we have to purchase and the number that we throw away. So the first question I asked was do reusable masks exist? I asked two of our international fellows Dr. Sophia Fang and Dr. Avni Shah if they had ever seen them. Shown here are our texts and their answers. So I had written to them have you seen any hospital anywhere use reusable masks like our green gowns with masks. And Sophia wrote no just reusing. Avni wrote many would use the same surgical mask all day but then throw it away. I haven't seen reusable ones. I telephoned Marin Eye Center's green gown supplier to ask if they had ever sold them. They told me no we haven't seen reusable masks. We're not in the business of masks because gowns are medical devices and masks are not. But they also made an interesting comment. They said that an increasing number of hospitals are buying their reusable gowns because the hospitals can't buy disposable gowns anywhere due to the shortage. I even then talked to a friend who used to work for a lumber company and she said that she wore PPE to protect from sawdust and she said that they had reusable gowns and reusable goodies but not reusable masks. My conclusion from this was that FDA approved reusable masks or reusable masks validated by studies don't exist for our use. We're going to revisit this point. It was a really interesting discussion but first let's understand the masks that we do have. So at our eye center we're all familiar with surgical masks. This is a photo taken earlier this week in that hallway in our in our university hallway that connects us to the cafeteria and it's a recycling bin for disposable masks. Our hospital's preparing just in case we need to reuse disposable masks which is part of CDC crisis planning. This is a recent study in nature of the efficacy of surgical face masks. So they included 246 participants and they examined exhaled breaths from these participants. People were randomized to either wear a surgical mask during their exhalation or wear no mask. They were measuring detection of RNA from influenza virus, the common coronavirus, and rhinovirus in respiratory droplets and aerosols. They reported that their coronavirus was detected in four of the 10 droplet samples that were collected without masks and none of the samples collected with masks. This study came out April 3rd 2020 a couple weeks ago earlier this month. Relevant studies like this one are small. They use viruses other than COVID-19 as models and it's hard to know exactly how to apply results to specific scenarios such as an asymptomatic carrier on our operating table or a symptomatic patient at a slant lamp. The CDC now has a page called healthcare professionals infection control using PPE. They recommend that patients with confirmed or possible infection should wear masks and healthcare professionals should use PPE according to their level of risk of exposure. The CDC also gives strategies for optimizing the supply of face masks. They outline three plans for conventional capacity contingency capacity and this includes using the same mask for multiple encounters and restricting masks to use by healthcare professionals rather than patients and they also outline plans for crisis capacity. I think based on what we're doing in our iCenter right now we are following a plan that lies somewhere between conventional and contingency capacities. It's important to recognize as we've been doing here that the contingency and crisis strategies assume that we have reduced our patient volume, reduced visitors and reduced non-essential healthcare professionals and also maximized telemedicine. So let's move on to N95s. This here is my grandmother. She's 93. She's in Queens right now and she's presenting to us on a tele-meeting that happened last weekend demonstrating her N95s which she had purchased sometime around 2002 when SARS was in the news. What is an N95? By definition an N95 mask blocks 95 percent of 0.3 micron test particles. This here is a meta analysis that compared surgical masks versus N95s. This meta analysis included four randomized controlled trials. The outcomes that they looked at were laboratory confirmed viral respiratory infections or clinical respiratory illness. They conclude from their meta analysis that there is no evidence that surgical masks are inferior to N95. If you want more information about reuse of N95s which we won't delve into today, we'll focus more on surgical masks. Here's one resource from a scientific consortium including University of Utah faculty that publishes on N95 decontamination. So early on we saw many healthcare workers in cloth masks. We've now transitioned our healthcare workers to medical masks at Marin Eye Center but we do see more and more cloth masks in the community. This is a study that compared N95 versus surgical masks versus homemade cloth masks. They did not use human subjects. They modeled respiration with an apparatus built from syringes and they looked at detection of RNA from avian flu which they are using as a COVID-19 model and aerosols. They conclude that N95 blocked almost 100% of the virus, surgical masks blocked 97% and homemade masks blocked 95%. CDC has now published guidelines for the use of cloth face coverings. They write CDC is additionally advising the use of simple cloth face coverings to slow the spread. They recommend fashioning their coverings from household items at low cost. They say the cloth face coverings recommended are not surgical masks and not N95 respirators. These are critical supplies that must be continued to be reserved for healthcare workers. They include in their recommendations that cloth face coverings should be worn in the general public including in places like grocery stores and pharmacies. So I want to spend some time now on innovation highlighting an idea from the University of Florida and return to our initial question. Are reusable masks an option? University of Florida has published on their website that they are making masks for use in their hospital from Halyard H600. What is Halyard H600? Well it's this stuff shown here. It's that blue paper that wraps sterile surgical instruments and trays. The H600 is recommended for heavy instrument trays. Here at Moran Eye Center we carry H100 through H400. The University of Florida site suggests that they think that these Halyard masks are more effective at droplet protection than a standard surgical mask. As I've discussed this with several people over the past few weeks people usually stop me here and say did you say more? Yes they think that it's more effective. From what I can tell from their site this is based on the producer's specs. I called a representative from their team to ask what tests they've been running on their masks to validate them and I haven't received this information from them yet. Community and hospital members in Florida are masks producing these masks for use in their hospital. The masks are autoclaved and cleaned with light for reuse. They're not alternatives to N95. They're not FDA approved. So have we been inspired to try this here at Moran? Well of course in fact we've tested them in an autoclave just yesterday. I recruited Dr. Long to help me sew. This is showing her beautiful setup in her backyard including social distancing. This past weekend we got together and sewed masks according to the University of Florida instructions. All of our materials are shown here. One mask takes less than 10 minutes to make from start to finish and as of yesterday the masks survived the autoclave. Challenges in this process so far included materials. Our main operating room probably does have the H600 that is made for heavy instrumentries. There were really long lines at the yarn store. Here I am social distancing. I'm not really savvy at the yarn store yet either so I did spend 10 minutes standing in a line for cutting fabric before realizing that the cut bar is not a checkout line. But finally with Dr. Long's help I got the hang of the foot pedal thing. I understand it's good practice for cataract surgery. So we're getting there. As Dr. Long talks about practical use in her half of the talk I want to invite you to consider these questions. Are reusable masks an alternative to disposable masks at Moran? How about for patient wear with the CDC guidelines in mind? And how about after our current protocols are relaxed? Like what about four intravitual injections? Finally I want to give a quick word about 3D printing. This is my significant other. He's an ENT resident in Philadelphia pictured here modeling bear garb. We have at the bottom the tropical fanny pack inspired by our own Dr. Who. We have the N95, the swim goggles which he told me that their trendy chairman purchased for the whole team. And at the top a 3D printed face shield. People around the country are now 3D printing face shields as well as N95 masks to be fitted with filters. Are we 3D printing here? Of course. This on the left is a photo that I took on March 1st. It's hard to believe but that was before the campus shut down. I had gotten lost in the undergrad library that day trying to print a poster for one of the many conferences that got canceled. And I had come across this flock of 3D printers and was so impressed. I snapped a photo. Now we're using them to print face shields. You can see the link from University of Utah showing those 3D print face shields on the right. All right let me turn it over to Dr. Long to talk about university guidelines and practical use at Moran Eye Center. So I'm going to go over the University of Utah masking policies just to update us all and kind of talk about where the rubber beats the road and see if we can have some good discussion about how to keep ourselves safe, how to keep our patients safe as we navigate this pandemic. So all the information I'm going to go over today is available on the Pulse website. So a lot of this information is here. I'm not going to go over everything but if you are interested there's instructional videos and all the policies online. I also wanted to point out a few more things that as I was reviewing Pulse's website there's actually a recommendation, a list I'll show you next for at home or there's recommendations for at home emergency preparedness and then also recommendations for keeping COVID out of your home for our technicians and front desk staff as well as our physicians and residents. And there's also a really nice collection of well-being resources. There are Zoom group meetings resources for psychiatric consultation also available on the website so I would encourage everyone to check it out and make sure that you're staying up to date. This is something that I thought was also very practical. I think a lot of my colleagues in medicine that I've discussed with over the last few weeks have started implementing a lot of these practices. I think I didn't realize that it was it came in a list but from talking to one of my friends who's a medicine resident she says yes every night I go home I take off my scrubs as I enter my house I wash my scrubs I leave my shoes outside you know I wipe down my pager my phone my keys my id badge with a wipe before I leave work and there were some just very practical tips even as far as removing a watch removing jewelry bringing your lunch in a disposable bag and then of course we're all washing our hands like crazy. So I thought this was helpful and I wanted to share with you all. So as of Friday April 10th we adopted a universal masking policy at the University of Utah Health and so I wanted to go over what exactly does that mean for us and what exactly exactly does that mean for our patients. So in short clinical staff and providers who interact with patients and when in public areas of the hospital and clinics must wear a mask. So this means that all of our physicians all of our technicians all of our imagers who are directly interacting with patients even some of our researchers also interact with patients must wear a procedural mask through the day. I think it's interesting that they have said that they may wear eye protection but they must wear eye protection when caring for a patient with respiratory symptoms. So I know that we have had patients come in in my experience in the retina clinic who are wearing a mask and do have respiratory symptoms and I've also noticed many attendings are also wearing eye protection. I think this is something we can talk about given the close proximity of our technicians and our ophthalmologists whenever we're doing an exam on a patient. Second administrators and non-clinical staff who interact with clinical staff and in in public areas of the hospitals and clinics. So I think this means all of our staff who works upstairs on the fifth floor you know I think potentially they could also fall into the third category but a lot of our physicians come upstairs to their offices and so one may say that they should wear a procedural mask a standard surgical loop mask and they should keep this mask and reuse it for multiple days. Last the administrators and non-clinical staff who work in offices or labs our current university guidelines recommend that they may wear their own facial covering and they may reuse these for multiple days. Ariana's talked a little bit about this and then I can show you some of the other alternatives. I think anyone you know where I've thought a little bit about where our schedulers and administrators schedulers fit into this. I think that there are probably schedulers who can remember a time when they have been sneezed on by a patient or coughed on by a patient even though they're separated from a window and so certainly I think I would encourage anyone if you want to wear eye protection or you want to upgrade your mask and reuse it. I think that that is a very reasonable thing to do based on personal preference. It's always better to be safer than sorry. Can you just clarify what you just said to upgrade your surgical mask and reuse it? Yes sorry so instead of for example I think that we have for example a lot of our administrative staff Megan, Chandler, Eileen who work on the fifth floor in some ways have contact with the providers as they're coming up to their office. I think it's less likely now now that those staff are working from home or are you know and maybe the the clinic hours are limited but if a person who's working upstairs you know by the university guidelines they should wear a cloth mask their own facial covering that comes from home but I think it's fine if that individual says you know I have contact with clinicians I would prefer to be a little bit safer and I'll just wear one procedural mask and reuse it. So I think that's something very beautiful. Can you say that again? I'm so sorry just saying thank you for that clarification that's perfect. You're welcome. So there are guidelines on making your own cloth coverings from a t-shirt it's actually really easy you just fold it and then you can use rubber bands some benefits to this is that you can rewash the t-shirt and so you could even have multiple masks that you can use out in the grocery store and about in the community. I'm not saying that we should use these in clinics obviously but I think for people you know we still have to go to the grocery store as humans we still have to go to the pharmacy and I think then to then this is a an alternative for us at home. I think the other piece that I'd like to talk on is appropriate use of a surgical mask so I remember being taught as a medical student the sterile technique for the operating room how to appropriately scrub in and part of that training was how to you know the purpose of a surgical mask and so the standard ear loop masks that a surgeon wears in the operating room are meant to prevent the surgeon's can oral you know flora from contaminating the surgical wound and I remember going through a lecture that if you have to sneeze when you're in the operating room and you're holding your retractor you're supposed to stand straight up not turn your head from side to side and sneeze and that way the sneeze goes out the sides of your surgical mask and not into the sterile field and as I've been wandering around you know on consults or on call and and around the clinics I've noticed that there are some inappropriate uses of masks that I wanted to point out so I've seen people wearing it you know when you're at Starbucks and you tuck your mask underneath your chin and I've also seen where masks you know people will be wearing a mask but it's not covering their nose which kind of also defeats the purpose and then the other thing is that you know we're taught that the outside of the mask is not contaminated and so when you take off that mask you know you need to lay it down on a surface on a tissue or a paper towel the other piece is you know when you come out of a room you should be grabbing it by the ear loops and then laying it and then performing hand hygiene before and after and so I just wanted to point out these I thought they were helpful they were on the university website as well just to make sure that we're getting the most out of our masks and last Arianna has already talked about this reprocessing bins I'm not sure if we have one at the Moran I know there is one in the walkway between the Moran and the University Hospital I know that some residents are saving our masks and paper bags in the call room and if in the event we were to need to reuse them and figure out a way to re-sterilize them so then that's all about us and who should be wearing a mask but what about the patients that we're seeing so current university policy as of four nine says that patients with respiratory complaints should be provided with a mask so I think right now we're doing an excellent job everyone is being screened when they're coming into the Moran if they're having respiratory symptoms I believe they are being provided with a mask visitors with respiratory complaints should be denied entry I think here even at the Moran we've gone a little bit further and we're not allowing visitors upstairs patients and visitors without respiratory complaints may wear their own facial coverings but can also enter without a mask now I think this is a very debatable question and I want to also talk about before we get into this what about the really sick patients we are seeing so should you know what kind of gear do we need to wear to take these you know see these patients I don't think this is necessarily applicable to all of our patients in clinic I know we have a room down on the first floor that's designed for seeing COVID positive patients but I do think that this is incredibly relevant for the console residents and the residents taking call and I think it's definitely something we have to consider so this for patients who are confirmed having of having COVID or suspected of having COVID meaning they may be admitted to the hospital for some other issue and they're known as a COVID rule out while we're waiting for that test to come back to see those patients if you are doing a non aerosolizing procedure the standard precautions would be droplet contact and eye protection so this means that you're wearing an ear loop mask you're wearing eye protection and gowns and gloves something that they've added on the floors which I heard from my medicine colleagues was actually an observer for doffing PPE so in particular with other with other things it can be challenging the most common time that a provider is going to be contaminated is when you're doffing your PPE and so there is actually a nurse who is designed to help everyone get out of their PPE on these floors and on these shifts and I think utilizing that person is an outstanding resource and then if you have aerosolizing generating procedure so these would be intubation extubation non-invasive ventilation and then anything with open section or you're thinking about a patient getting a breathing treatment or who's in the ICU on high flow in this case you the provider and the staff taking care of the patient needs to be in either a papper a capper or an n95 mask with eye protection gown and gloves and so and they also have observers for doffing so this is two or three weeks ago when I was on call on Saturday I got a consult of about a 71-year-old patient she was found to have conjunctivitis fever and skin rash and also a rash including her oral mucosa and she was transferred from an outside hospital due to concerns for Steven Schantz and syndrome her preliminary biopsy results had a return and were strongly suspicious for Steven Schantz's per dermatology and she was a quote COVID rule out and so the staff you know the nurse practitioner when she consulted me she's like well we really don't think that she has COVID we think that her fever and her conjunctivitis are probably from her Stevens-Johnson syndrome but she the test outside hospital had started the process of getting the test and it takes them like six days to get their COVID testing back at that time so they reswabbed her here and we're waiting on the results so we didn't know so I went up to the fifth floor and you know this is a patient that needs to be seen there's concerned for Steven Schantz's you know we're obviously concerned about the ocular surface and I went up to the floor and they said hey all the providers up here are wearing pappers and and so I was like well okay so I had a very lovely nurse named Lindsey who helped me get in and out of a papper and so I talked about this with the chief on at the time and I said you know I actually don't fit an n95 mask with my face structure I'm supposed to wear a papper so even if we had one available in the room you know it wouldn't have fit me and one could say well was I not doing an aerosolizing procedure should I have just worn a standard surgical mask and done a dilated exam so I decided with the help of my chief to just perform a surface exam and defer dilated testing given her good visual acuity until it could be done after her test return negative which it later did so her exam without giving you all the measurements she essentially had moderate involvement of the cow people conjuring type up bilaterally and she did go on to get amniotic membrane transplants so I think that this presents us with some challenges that are unique to ophthalmology you know we all see the guidelines that are for aerosolizing procedures and I think in ophthalmology especially we're in close proximity to the patient especially during direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy so I know the neuro ophthalmologists I don't believe are doing direct ophthalmoscopy anymore but even you know our slit lamps now have shields but we can all remember doing an exam a 20-diopter indirect exam on a patient and having them fog up the back of our lens with their breath and we also have a lot of I'm going to say maybe non-sterilizable isn't the the best term but difficult to clean equipment so for the consult resident or even in the room we have near cards tonal pins we reuse bottles of eyedrops we have a pinhole occluder muscle light all of the slit lamp knobs even if you're wearing gloves and you touch the patient's eyelid and then you touch the slit lamp knob and then also the surfaces of our lenses and I think all of us as consult residents have experienced this in some way or another we go to the children's hospital we see a kid that has flu we wipe down everything with the purple wipes and then we're a jovial bunch as pointed out in Dr. Who's most recent staff pearls article about updates of ocular findings in COVID and we are often coffee or we're often talking to the patient during the exam and we've asked the patients not to talk and things like that so not only in clinic but our residents on call and consults are the first line I think of of defense and we're right there on the front first line in the front line and so I also wanted to point out a lovely lovely I was I was called a fomite with legs a few weeks ago by Dr. Hoffman which I told him was the nicest compliment I'd ever been given but I think it's true we're everywhere on call we're everywhere on consults and so we really have to be cognizant about what we're doing so I would encourage the providers who are in the clinical realm now to really think about our consult resident and our residents on call because it's baby has been a while since you've done an exam in the ICU leaning over a bed on an intubated patient trying to just like squeak your 28 into the field of view and they don't dilate so well or on the floor is thinking about a patient who's COVID positive and on high flow nasal cannula and discerning how to discern patients that need to be seen after hours at Moran or if they have respiratory symptoms should we be sending them through the ER and also the inability to wear it indirect for a dilated fundus exam over a papper or a capper for those residents who maybe don't in my case aren't supposed to wear or aren't fit tested for an N95 a few words about pappers so powered air purifying respirators so you know the N95 as Arianna has discussed with you filters out 95 percent of the particles the pappers are like 99.7 so they are safer papper training is available through work wellness I wanted to give a shout out to our chiefs who I believe have all gone and got papper trained and there are now people that can be like super trainers and come back and train other people on how to use pappers I don't know if this is something that we necessarily need at Moran at this time but I do think that as a resident on the floors it's something that I want to be well versed in. Fit testing for N95 masks is also available through work wellness they have one of my understanding is they have one N95 mask at this time some of the chiefs may be able to comment at the University of Utah and so if you fail that N95 mask then you are to wear a papper they do recommend that it's updated annually and there I provided the number for work wellness and the hours you just give them a call they are a few days out for fit testing because there's a high demand for a patient for nursing and other staff that's there you know and whether or not you know who we should maybe prioritize as far as who's most likely to see patients I think is something that we can also discuss. There are also videos online on pulse that show appropriate donning and doffing techniques if you even just wanted to brush up and didn't want to go buy work wellness in person and get a tutorial from an occupational med physician. Last these are not related to masks but I wanted to talk about a few things in the community so I'm sure many of you have seen the white ribbons. Someone came around from clinic the other day and was giving out white ribbons and in support of healthcare workers I think this is really great I know our techs at Moran wear black but the nurses in the hospital wear white physicians with the white coat and all the all the staff together who is continuing to work through the pandemic you can use the hashtag you talk hairs and it will come up in whatever your social media outlet is and last there's a a this is not an extensive list of benefits from local from businesses so there's free child care available through the you Starbucks is offering free tall coffees on Wednesdays through May 3rd for all healthcare for healthcare providers jiffy lube is 25 off your next oil change crispy cream donuts five dozen free donuts on Mondays that is first come first serve through Monday May 11th and then uber eats has promised lots of free meals to healthcare providers headspace so all healthcare professionals have access to headspace through 2020 it's a great mindfulness and meditation app I've used it personally at so with some of the residents and then pit viper is actually a local sunglasses company and they have discount codes for eye wear protection and so I wanted to point out that a few weeks ago when I was on call these are the emergency medicine residents sporting their pits pit pipes and I was ever so thrilled I told them I had to take a picture because I was so excited that they were protecting their eyes and I will say if you do go to the pit viper's website some content may not be appropriate for young users so all right so I think we have a lot of discussion questions Ariana and I have brainstormed quite a few and I have seen the feed going off but haven't looked at any of the questions I think we'll I can let Dr. Petty take over and we'll moderate and and we'll go from there first of all thank you Ariana and Teresa extraordinary extraordinary presentation learned a lot personally a few questions Brad cats are going to have you queue up your question here in a moment or at least your comment and then Craig Chia as well after Brad just your comment about the iphone indirects and one thing just while they get their computers off mute so many of you have seen these these are full face scuba masks the Center for Medical Innovation here at the University of Utah recently developed pappers based off of these designs they've been tested by occupational medicine which ended up certifying them actually is better than many commercially available pappers they just sent 125 down to the Navajo Nation whereas we know there's a significant outbreak there and ppe is in short supply so a lot of innovations if I can find a link I'll send that and then at the end of Grand Rounds also post a link there's a project protect you is an organization that will send you supplies you can sew your own mask and then those masks can be sent to them for sterilization and be put into use both at IHC and at the University of Utah hospital so look for that link at the end Brad why don't you go ahead and make your comment on reusable masks hey Arianna and Teresa I think that's awesome that you took the initiative to look up the information that they're using in Florida to use the Halyard material I just I'm a little bit uncomfortable having a mask that is just autoclaved and reusing it because like the mask it's like mucus and stuff on it can those masks be washed and then sterilized I think that's a great point is autoclave enough or do we need them to be washed I think about our green gowns because I think that you're right that reusable gowns do get washed and it's not just autoclave and those certainly maybe less so in our ORs but in main OR must have a lot of bodily fluids on them so I do not think that Florida is washing their masks I think that they're only using autoclave and light and I'm not sure that the material is supposed to get wet but if we were to consider reusable fabrics and materials I think that's a really important point because you're right there may be chunks of something inside the masks I wonder if the green material that's used to make the reusable gowns could be used to make a mask yeah I wondered the same thing I think that it seems a bit heavy but I haven't really tried it and you know that Halyard material I think it can get steam sterilized so maybe it's hardier than we think. Craig Chia I just made a comment about using smartphone technology but I would defer to Eileen she's kind of our resident expert on smartphone ophthalmoscopy yeah Dr. Chia I think that's a great point and Eileen as well I've been watching the chat and I think there's a lot of interest in learning to use smartphones to get the dilated exams that we're otherwise unable to get in our gear. I think it's kind of hard I am pretty good at it but I don't think it's something that can be learned with the online tutorial I think it's in person and me adjusting you but I'm happy to do that with anyone so thank you Eileen and to be clear Eileen is not a resident but she is our resident expert on indirect ophthalmoscopy. One of the questions that came through if either of the speakers have any experience with this was around furnace filters that you can get an N90 furnace filter people have been using that to add a filter layer to homemade masks do either of you have any knowledge of whether or not that's worthwhile? So I would say first of all with the I think several questions about how well do those filters I know people are using people commented vacuum I know other people are using coffee filters how well do these work I think looking at the studies that we talked about today we don't really have a good idea about how any of what we're using including surgical masks are working like I said earlier the studies have relatively small numbers and they typically use other viruses as a model for COVID-19 so I don't think we have a good answer to those that being said the 3D printed N95s that I've seen do have a spot to insert an N95 filter and that's the filtering part with a plastic structure that fits to the face. So for anyone that is calling in just a couple of other comments that have come in a question whether or not you need to dilate for smartphone indirect ophthalmoscopy the answer is yes you do and we'll allow our speakers then it looks like the questions are wrapping up and I'm so sorry it looks like Eileen didn't know that Nepalese Eye Providers could do it non-dilated but I can't because I'm not as skilled so what we will do is we'll go ahead and wrap up with final comments from Dr. Levin from Dr. Long and then I am posting that link to Project Protect again this is a collaboration between University of Utah IHC and LDS charities where you can they'll send you materials and you can sew masks that then can be used in the healthcare environment. Go ahead Dr. Levin and then Dr. Long. I want to thank everybody for their interest today and the comments. You are welcome to come talk to us more if you want to see the masks that we sewed just as prototypes if you have more ideas for what we can be doing here. Thanks everyone.


and the rest of the people. I know that this is a difficult situation for me. The children and the children of my family are very poor. They are not very well. But the children in my family are at least a few years old. My parents are no longer able to take care of me.


This study explores the possibility of using jugglin's regia, l-bark residues, as a natural dye for textile use, through microwave extraction, an evaluation of colorometric coordinates, and color strength. Good results were obtained with brown shades and acceptable fastnesses to washing, rubbing, and light. This article was authored by Manel Ben-Tichar, Naheen Slommer, Nedra Duibi, and others.


Gaffer into the quarter-finals of the Bristol Street Motorstrophy, a real dogged performance tonight, but a pleasing one-hour margin. Yeah, I think it was a bit better than dogged, I thought the defending was superb, I thought the way we pressed them all the way through the game. A lot of energy spent from the players and I thought we had some unbelievable chances to score right in the first half, maybe half an hour, the second half, we didn't create that much but then we got the goal and we had a couple of counter-attacks where we could have extended the lead and made it a bit more comfortable because we know we've come into a quality team with a lot of quality in the pitch, they've made some big subs at half-time and I thought the team defended superbly but they trusted each other, they were connected and we didn't take a step back, we wanted to turn the ball over as high as possible as we possibly could and try and create from it and we're delighted with the result. They started with a strong enough team and as you said the changes that they made, the team that they finished with more or less was their league team.  Yeah, 100% I think you spawn, you are what you do, we can say whatever we want but we have to go and do it and I think every player that took the pitch today did what they were supposed to do and more and there's a few boys in there that haven't played for months. I think the day's first start for maybe nearly a year, Kevin MacDonald for a few months, Harry Chapman for a few months, Stubbs, he hasn't been in the team for a while, I could go through and just the energy they spent, we were sort of thinking if we could get an hour out of them we'd be happy but essentially didn't want to change it because we were playing so well but we had to do the right thing, I think bringing the fresh legs on up front, the front three and then give us a fresh impetus with our pressing, with our counter attacks and so yeah, the players were superb, they're delighted in there because I feel we've been harshly dealt with results-wise in the previous two games but to come here, we've got our rewards from that. Suppose that's one of the most pleasing things from your point of view as well, where you make seven changes, there's lads like you say, coming in who have not played an awful lot of football over the past couple of months but you wouldn't have thought that by looking at the performance and they've certainly done themselves no harm, there's lads who have come in. No, well that's what we wanted, you know, and there was Bobby in there as well who's obviously a young player but he hasn't played much either recently so there's quite a few lads like seven changes. Doyler, I don't want to miss big Doyler out of it as well but less energy in goal than the outfield players but we want to train in a certain way that prepares everybody to be able to play and we speak to the players that haven't been playing that we're going to train them hard to make sure they're ready for when they get the opportunity to perform like that. You know, they want to do themselves justice but I don't think every player that talks to the pitch tonight can say that and I'm including the ones that played on Saturday as well, you know, like Ryde and Richie and Gilly and there's one of them there now, I think, it had been JT. You know, those guys have put their bodies on the line again tonight so we want to create a good squad and a competitive squad I think with the way the performance have been previous to the last couple of results we haven't changed the team much and rightly so I think the players deserve a staying team but the players that haven't been in a team have shown that they're more than capable of helping us win games from now to end of the season so I'm delighted. That was, if I could have asked for anything tonight it would have been everything that I saw tonight. Five wins out of five in this competition this season but it's also on occasion this season provided us with a bit of a confidence boost, a bit of a boost in general heading into our next league game when we've started runs of form from there obviously after, like you mentioned, results may be going against us in the past couple of games and not exactly what we've deserved. How important can today be heading into the week when we go to culture to get back on track in the league a little bit? Yeah, I agree with that. I think it's certainly happening in the last couple of games and we obviously want it to happen after tonight and winning games at football is an energy giver the support we had tonight and the noise we had and the reception at the end everyone's feeling good. It's connected with gravity and winning games at football is the main energy booster of any football club and we've won a really hard game tonight a really top team and we have to take it into every competition we play we want to win every game we play we'll take a lot of the analysis from that and what we did because we changed the shape a little bit that's the first time we played that shape today but we kept it quite clear for the players and I thought they took that on board really well and caused a lot of problems in the first half and then the second half I thought it was more of one of them grinding out the result.