This paper compares two commercially available time of flight, TOF, cameras, the SR, 4,000 from Mesa Imaging AG and the Camcube 3.0 from PMD Technologies, to evaluate their performance and provide guidelines for testing data delivered by these types of technologies. The authors first discuss the camera's specifications and then present two topics, the effect of camera warm-up on distance measurement accuracy and the variation of distance measurement precision over integration time. They find that the Camcube 3.0 camera has greater distance measurement accuracy than the SR, 4,000 after a warm-up period of 40 minutes, while the SR, 4,000 has better precision at longer integration times. Additionally, the authors compare the two cameras and suggest further work on evaluating the effects of sunlight on distance measurements. This article was authored by Fulvia Renato and Dario Piatti. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Welcome to the next installment of What's Up with the Collaborators. Today, I have with me Joe Seppi, who is a core collaborator. Before we get started, do you want to tell us a little bit about yourself? Sure, I'd be happy to. My name is Joe Seppi. I work at IBM. I joined IBM through Strongloop, who were key to early development of Node.js, and so I was able to get more involved in the project at that time and really focus on open source, and I've been a long-time community committee member, which is something that we wound down not too long ago in the Node.js community. I also was a part of the small team that helped to merge the JS Foundation and the Node.js Foundation into the now open.js Foundation, and out of that work was elected the cross-project council chairperson, which is the top-level technical advisory committee. I continue in that role. It's been two or three years now, and Node.js core collaborator. Yeah, it's great been working with you on the open.js side, very important work there, as well as it's great to see the ComCom members yourself and Tierney getting involved and continuing to be involved in some of the activity within the project, even with the ComCom having been ramped down. The interesting recent news is you've been nominated as a core collaborator. We want to tell us a little bit about that. Yeah, sure. It's funny. I've been in the space for a long time, but I don't do a lot of work on Node.core, so I've never needed to be a collaborator per se. But I recently volunteered to be a security release steward, and along with that, I need the admin privileges of the core collaborator. Since I've been a long time contributor in a variety of ways, and even I'm representing Node.js at the open.js foundation, I was nominated and people gave a thumbs up, which is cool. Thank you. Yeah, that was great. And thanks a lot for volunteering to be a security steward. It's an important role, and I'm quite happy actually that we've managed to get a few companies lined up to sort of dedicate and commit their people, because it's something that the steward has to coordinate the security release, not do all the work, that it takes actually quite a large cast. But it's not something that you just can do when it's convenient, it's something you have to commit to do when it's needed. And it's great to see that companies will support their people to do that. We could use a few more, so that's an important thing. But thanks for taking on that role. I know one of the things, the other things I know you've mentioned you've been working on is on the tooling team with the arguments part, so that's kind of interesting. I'd like to hear a bit more about that. Yeah, it's really interesting. And we've been getting a lot of interest from the community as well, as things have been taking shape. The short story is, you know, we had a bit of a fall start a few months ago, our colleague at IBM, Chris Hiller, who left a little bit ago, gave a stab at it. We kind of took a step back and I worked with Darcy Clark from NPM to kind of design a good simple argument parser that we would like to get into node core. And, you know, we're not trying to replace yards or anything like that. We just want to have some basic functionality out of the box for folks to take advantage of. So that's exciting. It's taking shape. We're hoping to propose it in the coming weeks. Check out PKGJS is the org on GitHub slash ParseArgs.  And we're just we're kind of, I think, nearing the end of that work to be able to introduce it back to node core and see what the response is there. Well, that's great to hear for people who don't know that PKGS org is another org under the node project. And it's a place where we're like we're building some tools, but also incubating some things like the parse, the arguments parser there. And so, yeah, it's great. Great to hear it's you're making good progress. Yep. I know another another area that's that's quite important to the project is your work on the social team. Yeah, yeah, the social team is really interesting. It's it's basically just me and Tierney, Tierney Siren, you know, also a partner in the community committee. Great person, love Tierney. And Tierney and I manage the social channels. We primarily focus on Node.js and we're very focused on the community. So we have a few regularly scheduled tweets, monthly tweets. One is to thank the build sponsors that provide hardware for the build team, which is great. And then another one that we have is jobs related tweets. So monthly, you know, ask of the community, do you have Node.js related jobs? If so, reply to this tweet and we get a lot of great engagement there. People looking for Node.js roles and people who have roles open. So that's a great benefit to the community. And then we also are trying to make it so that, you know, people can request tweets through the GitHub PR process. So if you go to Node.js GitHub.com slash Node.js slash tweet, you'll see some instructions there. You can open a PR. Obviously, we need to be focused on the community and providing a benefit there. We're not just going to tweet anything. But, you know, if there are certain things that you think would qualify, then by all means open up a PR, Tierney and I will work on it with you and then merge it in and it goes out to the Twitter account. We have, I think, 771,000 followers now, which is impressive. So, yeah, that's that's fun. That's a great service for the for the community. Yeah, the build one, I think, is really important. We have lots of great donors and the automation that the social team put in place to make sure that that goes out regularly is as meant. It's been much more regular and nobody needs to follow up on that. So I'm really happy to see that going out. Yeah. And if anybody has any other, you know, things like that, that they think we should be amplifying or thanking, please, by all means, reach out, my Twitter DMs are open or open up a PR. That's good. So we're almost out of time. But before we go, just, you know, what are your thoughts on the most important, most important issues that are facing the project or open source today? Yeah, I think the obvious one that comes to mind is security. It's really top of mind for everyone in our community, but also the text sphere overall, you know, all the way up to the White House, which have meetings with foundation folks and, you know, people from large companies recently focused on security. And that's something we're really focused on at the project level, as well as the open JS level. You know, we have another number of things we're looking at for the project, but also at the foundation, we're looking to spin up a security-focused collaboration space where we can really provide some best practices, build out some infrastructure for the projects and, you know, provide any sort of thought leadership or training or any ways that we can help the community and not just our projects, but all the projects in the space, if we can be helpful to them and a security, you know, around security, that's the goal of this collaboration space that we're excited to have. We have a draft proposal going and we hope to have that space opened up in the coming weeks. Yeah, I think it's great that the Open JS Foundation can kind of take that on and provide a home for, you know, not having to have any one project figure out all those answers. But trying to figure out, you know, some good processes, some baseline, you know, good ways of doing things. I think that'll help a lot in terms of, you know, bringing sort of raising the bar without having any one project have to be the, you know, figured out by themselves. Yeah, yeah, you know, hopefully a rising tide lifts all boats and many hands make light work or whatever phrase we want. Cool. OK, yeah. So I think that's all the time we have for this time. Thanks for coming to talk to us, Joe. And thanks to everybody who's been watching on the video stream. And we hope to see you next time. Thanks, Michael. Cheers. Yep. Bye.


I awoke early in the morning. I believe it was between the hours of five and six.  I can never sleep when I have a stressful itinerary, so I walk downstairs to use the bathroom and get ready for the day. As I tiptoed down the hallway, I peeked into my kids room to find that they were still sleeping. The stairway leading to the ground floor was too dim to see and barely illuminated by the still rising sun. I held onto the handrail, trying not to slip on the steep set of stairs. The bathroom was adjacent to the sunroom. The sunroom was my favorite because it could view the valley under the mountain through a large glass window. I stopped for a moment to admire the beauty of an early morning. The valley glowed a dark gray as the fog rose up from the ground. The mist was so dense that I could barely see 20 feet in front of the cabin. I smiled. After I'd gotten cleaned up for the day, I looked out in the field again to see that the fog had thinned and decent visibility had returned. I began walking upstairs when I had to do a double take for I was unsure what I saw. In the distance, I viewed a tall black shape that resembled a stick figure. It was hunched over with all four of its limbs to the ground like a dog getting ready to pounce. The figure must have been ten feet tall, with disproportionate legs far longer than any human. It didn't look like a solid creature, but it instead looked as if a shadow had taken corporeal form.  I said. I approached the mirror, went to my great horror. The creature took a step. I squinted my eyes, trying to discern whether I mistook an oddly shaped tree. I fell back into the nearest chair and tried to catch my breath. The figure had moved its right arm, then its right leg. The movements were slow and unnatural, like the movements of a character from an old-fashioned stop-action film. My heart began to race. I moved slowly, trying to make sure this thing couldn't detect my presence. It continued its slow march in my direction. When I was out of view and safely in the staircase, I dashed up the stairs. I needed to get my wife and my kids in the car so we could get the hell away from whatever that thing was.  I could come back and collect our items when I had the National Guard and a priest to ward off whatever the hell that was. I entered the kid's bedroom to see that Michael had woken up, but Kate was still asleep. Michael, I said, I need you to wake your sister up and get dressed. I'll be back in a minute to get you two out the door. He hopped out of bed. I tried to remain as calm as possible, but I could tell he knew something was wrong. He looked at me wide-eyed. I'll explain when we get to the car, but we need to go, now. He nodded, but his bottom lip quivered. I dashed back into my bedroom to wake Mary. Mary, I said. I tapped her on the shoulder and she opened her eyes, annoyed. What time is it?  We need to go, now. I grabbed my phone, wallet, and keys from the bedstand. What's wrong? She sat up in bed when she detected the urgency in my voice. There's something in the yard. I said, what's in the yard? Her eyes opened wide and she grabbed my arm. I have no clue. We just need to go. I tried to escape her grasp, but she kept her grip tight around me. What's in the yard? Each syllable she spoke was deliberate. Okay, just go look for yourself. I led her to the hall window and we gazed down into the yard below. The thing was still there, lurking. Its pace had quickened and it was coming right in our direction. Mary stood there for a moment, contemplating if she was dreaming. I watched her face turn from shock to confusion until it finally rested on pure terror. Daddy, said Michael, he snuck up behind us, startling the both of us. I'm dressed. Okay, I said. Mary and I looked at each other. Her jaw was clenched and I noticed that she was shaking. Without saying a word, I grabbed Michael and held him tight in my arms. Kate waddled out from the bedroom and Mary snatched her up. I led the way, carrying Michael down the stairs slowly. He was silent, but his grip around my shoulders was almost suffocating. Mommy, I'm scared, said Kate. She too could detect the tension in the air. Mary shushed her, saying, it's okay. We just need to be really quiet right now. But I'm scared, quiet. I snapped at her tears well than her eyes. Mary then nestled Kate close to her body, so the sobbing was muffled. We walked into the sun room to find that the creature was far closer than before. It had now found a steady pace. It was approaching at a moderate speed, but still too fast for my comfort. Mary, I said, I'm gonna run out and start the car. I will drive as fast as I can to the door. You get the kids, throw them in the back and hop in. She nodded slowly, not letting her gaze leave the approaching creature. I dropped Michael on the ground and had him stand next to Mary. Keep your eyes closed, I said. Michael shut his eyes tight and nodded. Kate continued to cry and I saw a tear fall from Michael's eye. I opened the front door and looked down the hill. The car was about 50 feet away from me. With my keys in hand, I started my run to the car. It was then the creature stopped. It stood there for a moment as I ran full speed. It then rose onto its hind legs and stood tall like a human. It reached its arms out behind it and arched backward. Suddenly I felt a vibration so intense I fell to the ground. I heard something faintly, but it was too deep and my eardrums could barely make it out. It sounded metallic, like a brass instrument being listened to by somebody underwater. I rose to my feet and kept running. For a moment, everything became a blur. But I suddenly found myself behind the wheel. I opened the automatic doors of the minivan and drove. I noticed that the creature was no longer standing on its hind legs, but was crouched like an Olympic runner preparing for a sprint. I gulped. Mary was waiting with the kids outside as I pulled up to the cabin. She threw them in the back without buckling them in and then jumped in the front. What are you waiting for? Go! She held onto the armrest as I reversed the car and turned around. As we turned around to face it, it confronted us head on. I stepped on the gas and it charged at us. We drove down the old rural driveway as fast as we could. The creature, at full speed, ran like a horse would in slow motion. It almost floated as it ran, giving the impression that it was as light as a cloud. Mary led out of scream as Kate continued to bawl in the back seat. I kept my eyes on the road, knowing it would do no good for me to continue to watch as we were stalked by the creature. My family screaming continued, then turned to a sob. Then silence. We'd made it to the main road when I finally dared to look in the rear view window. It's gone. I said. Nobody responded. Everyone's eyes were red. We drove to a nearby diner on the main road, feeling relieved to finally have human contact other than ourselves. We ate in silence and barely spoke until we arrived home. When I got home, I called the property manager to explain why we hadn't packed up our things. I couldn't explain what that thing was if I tried. What we witnessed was so out of the ordinary that I had to invent a tale. A strange man was standing in the yard. I said, it looked like he was stalking the house. We had no phone service, so we all got in the car, and we drove as fast as possible. The property manager understood, but explained that we could have called the police on the in-house landline. I said we were too terrified to think of that. The property manager told me he could contact the police to survey the area. We arranged to meet at the property the following day to collect my things before the next guest arrived. I have to admit, I was a bit afraid to return to the property, but was assured when both the property manager and two police cars were on the scene. I told them a strange man was standing right where the creature stood. They looked around, but couldn't find anyone. They told the property manager to warn the future guest about any strange characters around. I made up some generic description, but essentially said the man was too far away to make out any discernible features. I collected my family's things, and then left. As I left the property, I glanced in the woods adjacent to the field, and I swore that I saw a figure doing nothing but standing there, lurking. My family hasn't spoken of the incident since, and I'm too afraid to share it with others because of its implausibility. That's why I've got to get this out there anonymously, keeping it to myself has been eating me up inside.


Alright, so we are on another project. It's another cool two-and-a-half story house. These are some of my favorites This one was built somewhere around 1930, but I'm going to take you into the attic of this place So this is a knee wall attic And it's called a knee wall because it has this wall here inside. This is a fairly tall one And but normally have to kneel against them So some stuff to notice in here this used to have insulation and Because this was just put in like a year year and a half ago. It hasn't been very long but Because they made note it caused a real problem so I can show you where it is so this is one spot here It's not too bad, but this is the back of the house There's still some last prep. We need to pull these little pieces off or tends to screw up the spray foam But down here. Oh, this is kind of interest. This is the only one in the in the back here. So this is the Soffit in the back here and now my mind's blanking on the exact term for The piece there out of the fascia so the fascia everywhere else in the house has been replaced So it's new but what you want to pay attention to is this is open And the same thing goes underneath this board So when this was insulated just coming down here to this place right here That's a problem because air from outside was just sneaking under this board and up into the attic So this house was really really leaky still is at the moment, but I won't be starting tomorrow the other thing that was kind of crazy in this attic is When we came in here earlier, it just smelled really strongly of rodent rodent P in particular and So somehow they were finding their way in could be over here.  That's because something was peeing on there and then the dirt's to the wet Backing of the drywall so that I'm really glad we got this all vacuumed out. We're getting pretty much ready We need to do some stuffing here So we'll be stuffing some insulation there and below some fiberglass and then we will foam that closed tomorrow But I wanted to give an update as to what's going to tomorrow. I'll go live and show What is happening as we move forward?


Welcome everybody to press conference number three at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2024. This press conference is titled Unveiling Antarctica's Secrets. New research brings us one step closer to predicting the future on the icy continent. We are very excited to have a number of speakers with us today, both here on site and joining us virtually. We are very excited to have this particular section of speakers with us as we are currently in our largest EGU meeting that we've ever had. We've just passed 20,000 attendees this year, so really excited to be able to feature some particularly special science for all of you and your interest. This press conference is co-organised with the British Antarctic Survey in the UK and so I will be running this press conference in partnership with Athena Dina from the British Antarctic Survey, but I would also like to introduce our speakers for today. So first of all, we have Olaf Eisen from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Zentrum for Paula und Miesforschung and the University of Bremen in Germany. We are also joined by Rob Latter, Emma Pearce, Liz Thomas, Alex Brisbane and Oliver Marsh all from the British Antarctic Survey in the United Kingdom. For the information of everybody who is watching online, please can you mute your microphones as we will be proceeding through the presentations in sequence and then you will have the opportunity to ask questions after the presentations have passed. We will take all questions and answers after those presentations. If at this point I would like to hand over to the first of our speakers, which is Olaf Eisen. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Good morning, everybody. I'm Olaf Eisen, a professor for glaciology and I'm the German PI of the ghost project, a part of the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration. Ghost stands for Geophysical Habitat of Subglacial Thwaites and we've been investigating the Thwaites Glacier on its landward side over the last two field seasons in Antarctica. So where is Thwaites and why it is so important? Here you see Antarctica and the colors indicate a long term elevation change. So if the surface have been increasing, that's in bluish. If it has been decreasing, it's in reddish and already in the 70s and 80s, some people postulated that the western Arctic ice sheet because of its particular configuration is particular vulnerable to ice mass loss and that could trigger some sort of instability. Since then we have a number of methods deployed, especially from space to use, for example, altimetry or mass budget measurements to understand how much ice the western Arctic ice sheet is actually losing. And in the middle of all of this is Thwaites Glacier. You see here in the yellow circle, which is currently the single most important contributor to sea level rise from ice mass loss in Antarctica. A particular important data set was from satellites with laser altimetry. You just measure the surface elevation and you see the red areas here where most ice has been lost. And currently Antarctica is contributing a very large number to global sea level rise and particular Thwaites contributes about 0.4 millimeters per year. And in order to understand that number, you have to know that we are currently at a rate of four millimeters of sea level rise per year globally from all contributors, not only one glacier. And that has been increasing over the last year. So we were starting off with two millimeters and now we actually reached four millimeters, which is in line with what scientists have been predicting over the last decade. If we go back to the past and look for example at shorelines we see today, which have been real shores in the last glacial or at the end of the last glacial, we can reconstruct the sea level. This is a curve you see here over the last more than 20,000 years. And you see the change of sea level is more than 50 meters here all the way from zero to date to minus four 140 in the past. And the rates of change at that time were reconstructed to be around 40 to 60 millimeters. So this is what we know from the past what is possible. So today we are, as I just mentioned at four millimeters per year, but we know that a factor of 10 more is possible. And this is why scientists, especially geziologists are concerned about the stability of the western Arctic ice sheet. Why? Because it has a particular geometry. It has a bad rock, which gets deeper if you go away from the ocean on the right hand side you see the ocean here, which brings warm water onto the shelf continental shelf underneath the ice shelf. And that is melting ice. So the ice shelf becomes thinner. And the part where the ice sheet starts to float the transition between ice sheet and ice shelf, the grounding line is retreating. And if the bad rock is going retrograde as you see here, getting deeper towards inland site, then this means that more ice is leaving the ice sheet into the ocean. And this is increasing and becoming a dynamic instability. We call the marine ice sheet instability MISU. And the current understanding is that this is most likely what will happen to thwaites later in the future because the ocean has been warming and its grounding line has been retreating and it continues to do so. But it will still be a few decades until we reach mass loss rates, which are really kind of catastrophic. Currently, we still see a small retreat, but still persistent. In order to understand the processes, especially on thwaites later further, the UK and the US started the international thwaites glacier collaboration, a long term program over more than five years with a number of projects of which ghost is one to investigate all aspects of the thwaites glacier system in collaboration also with Germany, Korea and Sweden. And look at it from the ocean side, as well as from the landlord side from the air, as well as underneath the ice shelf. So we try to understand every single component, what is happening right now, what are the characteristics, what are the properties, and what does it mean in particular for the future behavior of thwaites. So how will it change in the future with continued climate warming. So thwaites is kind of the most inaccessible place in Antarctica. It's more than 1000 kilometers from either research station, either the best one, Rathara or the US one, and if you want to go there, the easiest way is you have a big ship and reach it from the ocean directly. What we did in the last season is we flew in to the McMurdo research station with the Hercules airplanes from the United States and Arctic program, and then transferred into a little field camp called Wastey White Camp run by the US. And our some of our British colleagues flew with smaller airplanes and twin orders from Rathara to this field camp and from there, we started after more than a month of preparation at minus 20 degrees with the best traverse. So several traverse vehicles you see here to move from the waste camp on to Thwaites Glacier, which takes another week. So that's basically you're living in the tent while moving all the time. Where did we do our measurements. Here you see a enlargement of Thwaites Glacier, the outline a little bit faint here. This is Wastey White Camp we start from here then go down the glacier for one week and then start measurements down here and within the ghost project we did a lot of different measurements active seismics with explosives radar measurements magnetic lyrics particular seismic measurements I will come to back later and other things. And in the first season, we crossed this along flow line, I will show you seismic image of later down here, which is more than 200 kilometers long. And in the last season, which just finished in January this year, we did this across flow profile. I slow here you see is from right to left, the brighter colors are faster flow and this is a so called shear margin so we have violet colors that's where the ice is not very fast. So this is where the ice cream basically ends. How did we do the wiper seismic measurements. So seismic means you create elastic waves kind of sound at the surface of the ice sheet and the waves go into the ground. You can use explosives, which is kind of a little bit more cumbersome and not very fast. And what has been developed already 40 years ago in industry is a so called wiper seismic method. So you use a wiper seismic system here in a little truck which is on the sled and pulled and that puts down the base plate. You see the imprint here which has maybe 70 centimeters diameter and that signal then generated by this truck goes down into the ice and whenever the properties change some part of this wave. It's reflected to the surface and that's where you get for a single tracey signals. And at the surface we have geophones, which are little cylinders with kind of microphones in them. And that's behind on the one and a half kilometer long cable behind this wiper size truck. And that gives us a very good data set off the ground underneath the ice all the way through the ice and into the ground to the bed of quakes laser itself and looking around 200 meters into the base. And then we repeat that every 75 meters for weeks. It's kind of not that exciting, but it gives you a really good data set so as a scientist you can look at what you did during the day every evening and you're just happy if things work out. So here for this profile we did more than 4000 sweeps. It means one sweep we call that the source the triggering every two minutes. This is one profile along the ice flow ice flow here is from right to left. More than 200 kilometers and on the vertical you see something we call the travel time of the waves into the ice and back. And that corresponds to around four kilometers in total and about two kilometers is the thickness the average thickness of the ice here. So there are a few really exciting things we found is that one you have these really rough Terras. Outcrops which are followed by basins of smoother material, most likely sediments, and then also in these outcrops here's one there's one behind that we see some really nice stratified sediments. And that's something we know from geomorphology on ice on areas which were covered by ice but are not anymore today these are crack and tail features. The sedimentary basins are probably rather soft material. So the outcrops are rather hard and rough. So have more resistance to ice flow and the soft sediments have less resistance. And what you also see is this feature in the ice all over the place, especially where you have more rough bedrock topography. That's where the orientation of the crystals in the ice actually change. So ice is anisotropic we call that. It has not the same properties nor directions. And if ice is flowing over these rough areas, there's a lot of stress on them and rotates them. And that's important if you want to understand the dynamics of the ice sheets because the ice is 10 times harder in one direction than 10 than 10 times in the other direction. So it's a difference of around 100 in terms of hardness or softness of ice. And that's something you have to consider if you model that. Another thing we found in the last season which it finished in January. This is now the across flow profile. You see here the flow is into the page one more than 130 kilometers wide again around two to three kilometers here in the profile. We have one area where we have very transparent features underneath the ice. So this is the underside of the ice and then we don't see anything and then all of a sudden we get nice reflections back. In these transparent areas we interpret either as large bodies of water. So you could consider them as lakes or sediments which have a lot of water in them. So a high porosity and a very, very soft sediment. And this is something which has been postulated before and now it's the first time we can really see what does this material actually look like. And with that, I hand over to Rob. Okay. My name is Rob Lata. I work at British Antarctic Survey. I'm a marine geophysicist. I was one of the original PIs of the Thwates offshore research projects. And a couple of years ago I joined the science coordination office of the International Thwates Glacier collaboration. So I have some complimentary data to those that Olaf has been talking about offshore seismic data that shows some of similar features. And what we also have offshore is detailed bathymetry data collected with multi beam echo sounders on the American ice breaking research vessel than Nathaniel B. Palmer. So in the top left of this slide, you see the multi beam echo sounder data, which is almost complete coverage of Pine Island Bay, the area in front of Thwates Glacier. And this shows what the rough topography under Thwates looks would look like. If you had complete echo sounding coverage of it, you can see these rougher features, these crag and tail features, in a way that it's very difficult to acquire data under the glacier itself. So the data that Olaf has been presenting has been collected with a great deal of effort over two field seasons. On a ship, the ship continues to go forwards, it's about 10 miles an hour all the time collecting equivalent sorts of data. So offshore, we can collect, it's still not easy because it takes a week to get here from South America. And you have to navigate around icebergs and so on, but we can collect data offshore a lot more quickly. And we're looking at the bed of the glacier is already retreated from. So this can give us some insight into what the bed of Thwates Glacier would look like if we could take all the ice away. And this is incredibly important for ice sheet models. Ice sheet models need to know how rough the bed is and what it's made of because a glacier like Thwates moves forward mainly by sliding. And it's what the controls on that sliding are that will will govern how fast the ice actually retreats in the end. And we also have offshore seismic data recently collected using an air gun source using releases of compressed air into the water, which is the surprising thing that has revealed is that in Pine Island Bay in front of Thwates Glacier and Pine Island Glacier, we find a lot more sediment than that has been described before. Using just sonar transducers that in some sediments, they can penetrate a little bit into the seafloor. The seafloor looked very hard over most of this area, but using something a lower frequency source that penetrates better into sediments, we find now the true distribution of sediments. So we see things in places like those stratified sediments on the backs of Crag and Tail features that Olaf described. But the section I'm showing here, it shows a particularly thick accumulation of sediments in directly in front of Pine Island Glacier, which is in many ways a similar glacier to Thwates. And I think what this is telling us is that the last stages of retreat of Pine Island and Thwates over the few thousand years before the 20th century were actually very slow because if a glacier is putting out a continuous delivery of subglacial sediments, then there's an inverse relationship between the thickness of deglacial and proximal sediment that you will find and the retreat rate. So I think these very thick sediments we see in front of Pine Island Glacier are confirming what we already suspected from radiocarbon dating of marine sediments that the last stages of the retreat were actually very slow until we get to the mid-20th century. So what we did find we just described, what are the implications of that? We see that there are soft and smooth basins and that means at those places ice flow is usually thinner and fast. Where we have hard and rough bed, it means that ice is usually thicker and flows slower. When we have water bodies underneath the shell or underneath the ice sheet, it means there's no resistance at all. And we have the strong anisotropy, which means the ice hardness and softness varies. So in order to be able to predict or project the future behavior of Thwates Glacier, especially the retreat of its grounding line, we have to consider these local conditions, how much they vary. And now we have these very great similarities between offshore data, which covers a large area, and our onshore data. So we have a broad spatial coverage. And this is now the next step to bring these together to kind of reconstruct the properties of the bed underneath Thwates bringing both data sets on and offshore into a single perspective. And that's something which ice dynamic models have to take into account in order to decrease the uncertainties for our projections of future sea level rise from Thwates Glacier. And not only that one, but also the neighboring glaciers like Pine Island and with that actually the all of Western Arctic ice sheet. So with that we are done. Yes, thank you Olaf Eisen and Rob Latter. We will now pass to Emma Pearce and Liz Thomas. Good morning. Thank you for coming. So my name is Emma Pearce. I am a ice fracture geophysicist at the British Antarctic Survey. And today I am going to talk to you about our project Rift it, which is the rates of ice fracturing and the timing of tabular ice production. And with that I'm going to tell you how we as glaciologists and scientists are hopefully one step closer to predicting iceberg carving or the process of ice breaking off and forming icebergs that go into the sea. So I'm going to start by taking you to the run ice shelf. So this is where myself and Liz spent the last three months is in West Antarctica in the north. So the opposite side to where Olaf has just been showing you this tent that you can see in the front is an ice core drilling tent. And this is where myself and Liz spent most of our time drilling to a depth of 110 meters to recover these ice cores that are really going to give us this new insight into ice fracture and breaking of the brunt ice shelf. In the background you'll see Halle 6 research station. This is the name might sound familiar to you because it's a really cool station that is built on skis. And in 2017 it was moved 23 kilometers upstream of the ice shelf to account for the evolving processes of the brunt ice shelf. So why as ice fracture geophysicists are we interested in the brunt ice shelf? So today we've got a great research station there that has allowed us to have access to information for the last 50 years. It's one of the most highly monitored ice shelves in all of Antarctica. We've even got data dating back to 1914 when Ernest Shackleton went past on his trans Antarctic expedition and made notes about the extent of the ice shelf and the brunt ice shelf at that time. It's a very active ice shelf. So in the news in the last few years you might have heard about iceberg A74 that broke off on the north. This was around 1300 square kilometers big so the size of Greater Paris if anyone knows how big that is, you do now. And then in 2023 we saw the final car like finally saw the carving of iceberg A81. And this was particularly interesting to us because that's actually what caused us the British Antarctic Survey to move Hally 6 research station those 23 kilometers. So that was because of chasm one which was first noticed around the 1970s. This is a big ice fracture that formed in the brunt ice shelf. And it was relatively stagnant for 30 years it didn't really do anything. And then in 2012 it started to grow northwards again, which caused to this moving of Hally station and slowly up green north and eventually in 2023 it penetrated its way through the whole of the ice shelf and allowed iceberg A81 to be free. And that for anyone who is interested is the size of Houston or Greater London for any rates in the room. So although we've seen these like two icebergs carved it is still a very relatively active ice shelf. So we now have Halloween crack that is propagating in the north and chasm two which is in this sort of dormant period that chasm one was previously in. And the yellow triangle show you the field sites that we have been at over the last few years. And these are the areas that we're going to collect data to really try to better understand this process of ice fracturing and evolution within an ice shelf. Ice shelves themselves are quite interesting because they do this natural process of growing and evolving and flowing into the sea and carving, which is how they behave but in some areas in Antarctica we've seen that with our changing climate there's sort of been an instability induced in this. And that has led to them sort of flowing and carving away an accelerated rate which almost acts as a caulking a champagne bottle that allows ice to then flow into the sea and accelerated rate and can lead to an increase in sea level. This is something that's not particularly well understood the processes associated with that. And for us to be able to reduce our uncertainty and sea level predictions, we really need to get a better control on that and that is where we come in. So this next video is showing you Halloween crack from this winter. So we were here for around a week after leaving Halley research station, and the aim of this was to try find where the current end of Halloween crack is. So we could deploy instruments that could hopefully detect these small scale fracturing of the ground ahead of the active rift and really understand and characterize those properties that are happening. The overall process of ice fracturing is well documented. We know when ice bugs have or ice bugs are carved in the past, but what we don't understand as glaciologists is the very small parameters that control this process. And that is where we come in using geophysics and those ice cores that we drilled on the brunt ice shelf to give us the next insight into how that process happens. You can see us there on our skadoos doing radar data to try to see the subsurface and then here is myself and our field guide walking along what we assume is like the very end of the fracture of Halloween crack, trying to get the precise location of where it ends. So we know that the ice ahead of that fracture is underserved and the ice that we're looking at is in that process of changing. So the Rifted project, similar to the Swates project, I suppose it's using all types of data, but uniquely it's using ice core data with geophysics data to give us an insight into the surface of these ice properties and the subsurface. It's a great opportunity to be able to combine these two datasets that often isn't done and it gives us the very small scale properties of ice fracturing, along with a more broad scale view. And with that I will hand over to Liz who will talk to you about our ice core drilling from this season and the data that we got there. Good morning. I hope you can hear me. And so my name is Liz Thomas and I'm head of the ice core research group at British Antarctic Survey and my role in this project was to use my expertise and knowledge of drilling ice cores around Antarctica to go and collect two cores from the brunt ice shelf. So ice shelves are really important. They're this floating tongue of ice, but it's not uniform. So we have areas of ice that have broken away from the continent, which we call continental ice. But we also have between these sections of sea ice and then a layer on top, which is the fresh snowfall that has then become compacted. So what we were really interested in it was to actually go and sample the different types of ice and we're using the ice in a very different way here. So it's quite exciting because rather than using an ice core in a traditional sense to look at past climate. We're actually looking at the ice and thinking of it more as a fabric and looking at its mechanical or structural properties. So the first core that we drilled was down to 110 meters. And so this is quite exciting because actually we were drilling right down below sea level so we're actually nearly 90 meters down underneath the level of the ocean. And there's the short video clip that you just saw there is how we drill this so we do this in small sections we have an electrical mechanical drill and then a small team so Emma and myself with help from other people on the station. We drill these in sections of around about a meter each time pulling up the core, carefully extracting it to bring it back to the laboratories. And then we essentially use this approach and repeat it 100 times to get down to the bottom of our core. So the interest and the the area that we're looking at so we've got these two very different types of core one of which is going through this continental ice, and one of which was into the snow. And then we've got the brine infiltrated Fern, which connects these sections. And on this particular core the 37 meters deep core we were actually approaching the level of the sea ice underneath. So we're extracting cores that were very salty and actually very dense because you can see that they've been infiltrated with this sea water at the bottom. There's an interesting comparison between the two ice sites, which is going to provide really fundamental information for the modeling part of this project to really understand the structure and how the different structure and potentially the impurities within this ice determines how the ice fractures. We just moved to the final video I'll talk through. Thank you. So here I'm just going to finish off by taking you on a journey down into the ice shelf. This is the site where we drilled 110 meters. So we're speeding up through here and this is what the compacted snow and Fern. So this is a snow that's fallen in recent decades. And you can see some of these are we're going quite fast but some of these flashes here of darker layers are actually where we've got surface melting so at times the ice shelf does actually get quite warm. And as we start to go deeper down through the ice, this is where we're going through this transition now from the snow into this continental ice. So this is notably a very different structure incredibly hard compared to the Fern above it. So you can tell this with the drilling and some of these really interesting features hopefully you can see in the video here are what we were terming melt veins. So this is where the ice as it's float off of the Antarctic continent has then become exposed probably to the surface and had some surface melting which is what we can see as these features that actually seem to propagate quite far down through this ice. And so just at the bottom now we've stopped and we're sitting now 110 meters deep, which is interestingly as I said there's only 23 meters worth of snowfall sitting on the top so we're actually below sea level at this point. And the important thing is is that, you know, what makes this project so different is that people have drilled through ice shelves before. But normally it's to drill a hole in order to obtain information from either the sediments beneath or the ocean beneath. But what we're interested in is actually collecting and protecting that core from within here to take it back to the bar the bar tree so the ice is currently on its way back to the UK, where we're going to look at it at the labs at the British Antarctic Survey and also University College London to look at its fabric look at its structure and hopefully provide some really interesting and insightful data that can be used in the models to predict how and why the ice shelf is actually fracturing. Thank you. Okay, thanks very much everybody for your presentations. That was really interesting. For those of you online and in the room I'm Athena Dina I work as the deputy head of communications at British Antarctic Survey, and I've been doing it an awfully long time and I love, I love all this stuff get really excited goose bumps when I watch videos like that so I hope you enjoyed it as much as I did. Great questions now so questions in the room and questions online which will be coming through to Hazel. The people online who can answer questions have been introduced but we've also got Ted scambos from University of Colorado in the room who won't be able to see. I'm afraid if you're online but he can answer questions and just to say he was very much involved in the sort of conception of the International Thwaites collaboration probably more than a decade ago. So any questions about future is something that you know Ted might be able to answer as well. I just wanted to add one thing about thwaites and it's something that actually that Rob said to me yesterday and he that we've alluded to but I think he just said the biggest uncertainty from Antarctica and its contribution to global sea level rise comes from thwaites glacier. So just to give you some context, wait, we've said it's important. It is. It is really, really important. We have a press release on these two different stories. So if you're joining us online and you haven't had a copy of that, please contact the press office and we can send you in there. There are links to footage that you have seen in the recent presentation but also we have some lovely footage that Olaf got from the traverse on thwaites as well. So if you're interested in broadcast images, both stills and video, we've got those. So, yeah, right then over to questions. Shall we start with questions in the room? Do we have any questions? Okay, we start with you, Michael. Hi, thanks very much for the presentation. Can I ask you, Olaf, can you sort of cut to the chase and say, you know, that your findings of the terrain underneath thwaites is this good or bad news? Is it better or worse than you expected? Can you sort of say anything about the implications for ice loss in the future? At this stage, the latest data is a three month old. I would not be able to say it's good or bad, black or white. So we need a few, well, probably a couple of years to really look into these data and very much detail. We get a first glimpse. We know what we are seeing there in the general sense. But now the tricky part is to transfer our new observations into a way where they can be used by models. And then our colleagues, the ice flow modelers, can use these boundary conditions at the base to run their models and see, okay, how much different is it actually that we know what is down there? Or that we also know that the viscosity is not the same all over the place. Currently people use the surface velocity to estimate what the sliding is over the bats using some sort of mathematical approximations. And that's kind of an inverse approach we call it. And now we can say what is down there. So they, we can reduce the uncertainty. We can take out one unknown from the equation and then have better projections. And then after that we can say, okay, it's better or worse than what we had before. But in any case, we will be able to reduce the uncertainties, which brings us just back to what Athena mentioned, that the uncertainties for the behavior in the future are still quite big. It's not like that we're don't know at all what it's going to do, but still there's room for us now with these observations to decrease these uncertainties. And that's important for the people who are actually living at the coast, especially those people who are concerned with the security of the coast. Building dykes, whatever that they know a few decades in advance, what they can expect from Antarctica, which is in particular important actually for the northern hemisphere. So green and ice is more influencing the south and Antarctica the north. And then be prepared to the average sea level rise plus storm surges to reinforce the dykes and adjust in time. And if I may ask another question, I was intrigued by these possible lakes. Why would there be liquid water so far down? How long has it been there? Could there be life in it? How do you find out if it's really water? Are you planning to drill down there? Well, we've been knowing for quite some decades now that there are a number of lakes underneath Antarctica. By now we found more than 400 by different methods. You can observe actually from satellite altimetry, laser altimetry, like if lakes are draining, you have a strong decrease in surface elevation. That's also what we observed at one lake on Thwaites. And then you can also see how they fill. So they're sub-laser floods. It's really an active hydrological system.  It's also getting warmer the deeper you go. And then you've got the ice sheet on top, which is a very nice insulator. So it's kind of trapping the heat. And then you've got also the ice from the surface. It's falling in form of new snow and going down, flowing down. So that's bringing cold down in a certain way. So that's how you trap the heat down there. And if the ice is thick enough and the conditions are right, the ice will just melt and then will form either a thin layer of water or it will go into the sediments. Or you can actually have lakes like the largest lake on earth is actually Lake Wostock underneath the East Antarctica ice sheet. And the ice has been there in Antarctica for around 34 million years. And it's very likely that some of these places we also had water since the very beginning. West Antarctica, the question is, was the West Antarctica there in the last interglacial? So more than 120,000 years ago or not, we have some indication that it was gone. So the water is probably not older than the last interglacial. Is there life that has been investigated and a number of projects to try to drill into subglacial lakes? For example, in the Western Antarctic region into subglacial Lake Willens, you have usually some sort of life down there. The farther away from the coast you go, the less evolved it is, but close to the shelf edge. So the grounding line, you still have fish swimming around four or five thousand kilometers from the coast away. So it's basically like a deep abyss, but not 10 kilometers deep. It's just that maybe thousand meter water depth. Just to add to that, we did a press release a few years ago about some drilling that was done at the grounding line and there were all kinds of life. And we've actually got some video footage of all these things floating. So, yeah, it was a real surprise to those that were drilling. Do we have any more questions in the room? Yeah, so Michael's got. Oh, is it that? Okay, well, Michael, you take your question. We'll just check the audio is working and then we'll go to the questions online. Hi, a question for you. I just, I wonder if you could explain. So I thought that ice shells were formed by ice sliding off the land to the ocean and we're just purely that ice. But from what you were showing, it seems to you as a show into the sea ice and Brian penetration. I wonder if you could just explain how that comes about. So as the ice flows off the continent, often it can sort of break up into icebergs that are then essentially glued back together by sea that freezes and sticks it back together. And over time you have this snow that then falls on top and forms this fern. So this process of snow transitioning into ice. And on the brunt we end up with this topography of these lumps of continental ice these big chunks that have broken off and maybe they've had surface melt when they broke off and then rotated. And that's what we think could be causing these veins in the ice shelf when we see them. And then they are all glued back together with the sea ice as it comes in and freezes. And then we have this snowfall that lands on top and makes this very solid lump of an ice shelf that then flows out. Okay, great, great timing. Thank you for that last question. Okay, so we've got a question online from Nick Perry from AFP Nick. Would you like to go ahead with your question? Hazel is going to ask your question, Nick. So I see you've written it in the text. So Nick would like to ask, could I please ask Olaf or Robert to elaborate further about how important thwaites is in terms of contributing to global sea level rises and how these new findings aid our understanding about how it might behave under various future warming scenarios. Good question. Would you both like to talk to that. And then we can also invite Ted. Would you like to talk to that? Okay, hi, I'm Ted scambos from the University of Colorado. I had a lot to do as Athena mentioned with the initial proposals that went in that were put together and made the international thwaites. Glacier collaboration. Going forward with weights under various scenarios. What it looks like is that the glacier will continue to retreat and contribute to sea level rise. However, the pace of it could be extreme could be dramatic or it could be more manageable. And what we've learned from ITGC so far is that some of the most extreme cases and some of the processes that we were particularly concerned about when we began the ITGC pro collaboration are less likely to take hold in the near future. We still have this problem as Olaf pointed out in his slide of the marine ice sheet instability, which means that the fundamental geography of thwaites glacier is such that it can be unstable and indeed did probably collapse in the last interglacial period. So we have to watch it closely. We've uncovered a great deal more information about a number of processes. That pertain to thwaites glacier. We want to continue to look at it. But some of the things that allowed for thwaites to be this extreme case before the end of the century in terms of sea level rise. We think those are less likely, but we want to continue to look at the system and understand it better. I can answer that. Okay, well, yeah, do you want to add to that? Yeah, so I think it's incredibly important for understanding global sea level rise. So from when we had the first satellite altimetry data in the early nineties. At that point, this sector of Antarctica with thwaites glacier and pine island glacier in was not far out of balance. It was only contributing a little bit more ice to the ocean than it was accumulating over a period of 30 years. We've seen that imbalance progressively increase. So although, as Ted said, we're not looking at some of the most catastrophic projections that have been made. The mass loss has increased dramatically many times. It's many times what it was in the eighties now. And there's no suggestion that it's not going to continue at that high rate. It's now from this sector of Antarctica, as I've said, that now contributes about 10% of the current rate of sea level rise. And that that's increased from a much smaller percentage 30 years ago. We don't certainly don't envisage it going back down. It's probably going to continue to grow. The question really is, is how fast it's going to, it's going to grow. And our projections of that will get better as results of the kind that Olaf has described or incorporated into the latest ice sheet models. That's a good point, right. I would like to add to that. Although we have some uncertainties here, if you look at the projections we have right now. There's a physics on the one side. The other one is society, what society is doing, and you see a tremendous difference in the way these systems are reacting to climate change. If we're on a path towards 1.5 degrees, which we might, Paris Agreement, if you might reach probably in the next five years in this decade, or on two degrees by 2100 or three and a half degrees makes a big difference. How fast these systems really act. And the problem is, once they have reacted, once they crossed the tipping point, it's not that easy to bring them back. It might take hundreds to thousands of years, even if you call the climate to bring them back. And that's also something which is discussed here during the general assembly quite a lot. And this is also where not only the physics is important, but actually what society is doing. So there's no question we have to mitigate climate change. We have a question in the room, maybe we'll take that question. And then have I got the Ted, could you pass the microphone. Yeah, thanks. Yeah, thank you. I have a question, maybe to Rob. I was wondering the total recent news about CIS decline around Antarctica, very dramatic in the last, yeah, last past year. How does that affect the inflow of warm deep water that is ultimately causing the retreat of the ice off of Swades Glacier. And how worrying is that actually. I think it's very worrying. Really, that's a question for a physical oceanographer. I'm not. What I will tell you my understanding of it is, as the sea ice is formed, it would brine is rejected the sea ice is fresher than the water it's formed from. So you concentrate the brine in the water and you chill that water. And what we see in Antarctica is we form this layer of cold salty water called the winter water. The more sea ice you form the deeper that gets through the winter, which, and that that in that is an impediment to warm water getting on the shelf the deeper the winter water, the more difficult it is for for warm water to get onto the shelf. So if we're forming less sea ice, the that cold layer will not not penetrate so deep, we'll have more space for warm water to come onto the shelf and several different ocean models that have come out over the last year or so have projected an increased amount of warm water coming onto the the the shelf of West Antarctic, the continental shelf of West Antarctica as we go through this century, which is obviously not good news. Okay, thank you. We have a question from John Amos BBC online. I understand that you can hear us but we can't hear you so Hazel is going to relay the question. Yeah, so John asks, can we have layered versions of Olaf's topography graphics, so we can reversion for publication. Layered versions. Edible. Okay, yeah, I think we can work on that and get back to him directly. Lovely. I also have a question for Emma slash Liz. Just to confirm, you didn't drill all the way through the shelf and stopped when you got to the wet ice on the underside of the shelf. I didn't do that. That was the drill would almost form a vacuum and you wouldn't be able to pull it back out so we did not go all the way through to the water underneath. Okay, so as I understand it there are no more questions online and any more questions from the room. I can have a go at answering your brunt question if you want to say do we want to try. Could Oliver try speaking do we know if we can hear. Can you hear me. Yeah, hi. Yeah, so my question was on the flow velocity of the brand ice shelf and and how comparable or how unique that is really compared to other ice shelves around an article. Given the large carving events you observed in the past years. Thanks. Yeah, so the branch of does have historically quite a variable velocity. Obviously we've been monitoring it for a long time so we've we've seen its changes in velocity. It's currently a almost a historical high point. So after the carving of 81. It increased quite rapidly from around 900 meters a year up to about 1500 meters a year. It's dropped off a few hundred meters a year since around September last year, as it seems to start to re ground in an area known as the McDonald ice from force. So the carving that happened in January of last year did lead to a bit of a velocity acceleration and it's dropped off again a little bit since then. But it is, it is a relatively fast area. Considering how it's fed from inland so unlike other fast flowing ice shelves around the continent so places like voids and where velocities would be similar, not higher. And some of these other fast flowing ice shelves, the point I show doesn't have these fast flowing glasses feeding it from the continent. There is slightly an unusual I show it in a number of ways. But yeah, the velocity at the moment is decreasing slowly but still historically higher than it has been for the last 50 years or so. I have another question for Olly from John Amos online and he asks, what is the current velocity of the shelf? Historically, it's been 400 to 800 meters per year. What is it now? Now, at the moment, as of, you know, this week it's 1300 meters a year has dropped from 1500 back in September last year, which was the highest highest it got following the carving. I see another question from Jonathan Amos about. Yes, I'll just ask it just in case anybody else needs to chip in. Another question from John reads, the results of the Brunt study play into the future of Halley, right? The results may tell you that a Halley seven is not wise. So obviously having Halley there on the brunt ice shelves gives us this opportunity to do detailed studies on cracks that wouldn't otherwise be possible. And a lot of our monitoring infrastructure of these cracks is maintained through Halley being there and for operational reasons. So, you know, having a station on an ice shelf with cracks is actually really helping our research into how cracks grow through the ice shelf. The plan at the moment is that we maintain Halley and keep running Halley as it is and keep monitoring the ice shelf. Any future station, I guess I wouldn't be able to comment on that. I can talk to that for a minute and just say that, you know, as Ollie said, having Halley there is really advantageous in a way for our understanding of the ice shelf and also for all the space weather research we do at the station and where we've had continuous data for many decades. But we have a new science strategy and we have a new strategy and the world is changing. We're using AI, we're using autonomous robots in a way that we haven't before. Also, I think it's really, while the traditional methods of doing research will continue, I think we're doing all these other things that are enabling us to get so much more data from Antarctica than we have before. And so quite what's going to happen in 10, 15 years, I don't think any of us know, but I think that the world is changing so quickly and we'll have to keep up and make sure we're getting the best research for the benefit of society, I guess. Any more questions? Anything else from the room? No, thank you very much. And back to Hazel. Thank you very much, Athena. So that brings to a conclusion our press conference number three. This is three of seven press conferences that we have this week at the General Assembly. Our next press conference will be starting at 11 30 this morning and is titled by Joe new revelations about Jupiter's planetary system. If you want to join us, you can either join us online where we will really work hard to fix any of the technical issues we had today.  And thank you for your patience with that. But all that remains to say is if you need any additional assistance from the EGU press team during the General Assembly, please visit the media dot EGU dot EU web page where we have all of the resources that Athena mentioned before, as well as access information for all of our speakers for all of our press conferences. But the last thing that I would like to end with is to ask you to join me in giving all of our speakers a big thank you for their presentations today. Thank you very much.


You ready for this towel reveal guys? Yes. Here we go Here we freaking go. What's up my beautiful babes? So this is gonna be a fun video I don't know why I haven't thought of this video idea sooner I mean ombr- bad ombrays have been a problem for the last few years And I have seen a lot of DIY ombrays walking the streets and girl. They are bad Like my I can't even look at them sometimes. It just hurts me and really deep down inside It really hurts. It is like a pet peeve of mine to watch People that don't know how to do an ombray do an ombray because they're actually they're they're pretty difficult And it takes a lot of artistic talent to make a very nice ombray It's one of the more difficult things to do within the hair coloring realm So people think it's super easy like you just look at their hair I'm like, oh, we just paint pieces like no there is a lot to it. I swear So girl, I am ready. Let's watch these girls do some ratchet at-home ombrays Let's get it started. Okay. So our first girl is named Chelsea Hobler, Hobart, I think that's how you say it. What's up Chelsea? She's about to do a DIY ombray hair fail and I am beyond ready for it Hey guys, what's up? Hey, Chelsea. The time has finally come The time is finally here guys. We got a box in our hand. Just a tip, if you don't Ombray it up girl Give me that ombray, honey. I really don't know. Yes box die realness Everything. I have no freaking idea what I'm doing. Yeah Perfect. It's a great start. Skin them. I've seen all the pins. There you go. I read the instructions But That is all you need as long as you've looked at Pinterest watch a few tutorials by other people on YouTube who are not real hairstylists That's all you need Read some box die instructions.  This is more of just like a ha ha ha Let's see if she can actually freaking do this video. So Oh, you don't say What is this? What is this? Why am I so afraid you should be Wait, she's literally just doing a half inch of the tips of her hair You know, it might not be that bad because she put the ponytails in so that way when the hair comes down This hair from here is gonna be at a different level from the hair up here That makes any sense. So it's gonna give her kind of like an Ombre feel even though it won't be that good, but it'll still be they kind of an ombre. We'll see what happens Okay, so I've saturated the tips. I put a lot of dye On the tips into 12. Oh, she's got a little technique here. Okay, I'm gonna go up a little bit higher section Let that sit for about five minutes. Oh, this is actually really interesting. See how it looks then Guys, it's actually really making me nervous how dark this looks like Did they screw up and give me the wrong thing because this Oh, I just realized what's happening right now This is not bleach this she got hair color Hair color does not lift hair color You can't put a lighter box hair color over an already existing color on your head If you have color in your hair Color does not lift color So this is going to do probably nothing to her hair. Let's keep watching This doesn't look any lighter. It's been my allotted time.  It's not going to do anything 45 minutes is kind of like where it stops working But your hair is not going to process any more if you leave it on for longer than an hour Nothing's going to happen. This is a lot.  Hold on It actually looks kind of good Why does it say fit? Why is she mad? What it could have came out so much worse than this This is what I'm working with I like it I fused What? I mean I followed the instructions It doesn't look that great, but like it's not bad for an at-home ombre I'm in terms of the hair now. It's been about Three hours. Chelsea if you're watching you're gonna use bleach next time. All right. We got this next one by Korea clip Oh Korea clip Oh Wait, okay, so this brand like I don't know if you'll see what it is, but you basically clip it in your hair and you can like cut your own hair at home And apparently you can use it to do an ombre We're gonna have to see how this comes out.  What is that? Um miss Korea clip Why is there a highlight? Just right here just one Just right there not even in the front of her head. It's like an inch back. She just has one right highlight and the ombre Literally nothing happened Oh, please do Please do Oh even worse Miss Korea clip. Uh, let's just Not do that anymore. What do you say? Let's just let's go to Islam next time. All right. We got jasmine rule up next Let's see how she does What's up everybody? It's jasmine and today I am going to do a DIY bollyard so I have this Nordic Blonde bleach thing. It's gonna be cool metallic Whitener silver blonde which isn't really like what I want, but it's what we have so great because that's not how it's gonna come out I promise here. I did a temporary and it's kind of like I mean, it's obviously washed out. But now I have like quite a chocolate Brown down here and then further up. It's just sort of like a bouncy brown So I just I would like to go blonde But then it's quite a bit of maintenance. So that's right.  She's got a little hair knowledge I like her sectioning a diagonal back section Love it. And then they do like a V formation Saturating the bottom part So I guess I'll probably try A couple different ways Better get my gloves just experiment on your own head. Why not? Oh Again another person. I don't think she I don't think she's using bleach And it's not gonna lighten that much. She's not using bleach But I like her technique Really though, it's this is not a bad technique for a person who's never ever done this before and she's doing it on her own head It's not easy and I like her paint strokes. They're not bad I'm actually impressed She's still gonna get a lot of spotting because her saturation isn't correct, but I'm impressed She's putting in the work Little hairstyles on the rise here, huh? Honja, what's up girl? It got a little ratchet all of a sudden And it's not lightening at all because again, we're using color not bleach. What is going on here? What is going on? No girl comb your hair out before you put color on it Oh, no You can't just color knots in your hair. It's gonna make it all spotty and weird.  Her hair looks good though. I think it's lightened a little bit Again, it's not that bad Taking a golden shower on my kids For how bad this could have gone again, it's not that bad So So one thing we can all take from those videos is that Don't do an ombre or balayage at home.  You can do other things to your own hair at home But like balayage ombre those are super complicated and it's just gonna turn out wrong just really really wrong Don't try it. Okay. Just don't And I mean if you're gonna try it at least use bleach Okay, that's all I asked just at least use bleach to like something happens to your hair And today's instagram shout out goes to Anna. This is her instagram name and this is what she looks like She says hi brad. First of all, I've been obsessed with your videos for a while now. I just love them so much Thank you, babe So as you can see I have a pixie cut at the moment and I've always wanted long hair But because it's so fine and thin it just looks like poop you feel me. Um, yeah girl I feel you so I've been thinking about growing it to a bob or a long bob maybe I would also like to dye it pink or blue So I feel like it would look way better if it was a bit longer Should I keep the pixie or should I let it grow a bit longer and dye it or maybe something completely different? Okay, Anna, you need to keep your pixie. It looks so fierce on you. It just gives you like that edgy Cool girl vibe. You know what I mean? I think a chin-link bob would also look amazing on you I love the pixie. I think you should go even shorter to be honest Love it. You rock it and also pink For sure You need to dye your hair pink. It's gonna look bomb. You better do it. Okay? All right. Thank you guys so much for watching today Don't forget to live your extra life and I will see you all next time. Peace


It's the end of the day, almost time for the bell How many options will you sell? Fire up your platform, get ready to enter But first, let's get the mindset centered Ay, ay, let's go, we're here to trade We follow the plan, that's how we get paid Test and trade and have success Find what works for you and forget the rest Stats and probabilities is what we're about Time to dismiss greed and doubt It's on the process, not the money And the profits will flow like honey Power our lives, come on trade hackers Get ready to go, zero-day options Time to make bank, get locked and loaded Then be ready to play Hey everyone, welcome to Power Hour Live On a Friday, October 20th Hope all is well I am in zero DTE land today I got smoked out of a duck And I got smoked out of some JSP's And that's all I did today In the zero DTE world For Power Hour, it looks like we may get a 15 wide Maybe 10, we'll see what settles out here in a few minutes So a couple people took some other trades A quiet lunch Vegas Michelle, hitting a quiet lunch S&P down 40 NASDAQ down 185 Russell down 14 And DAV down 204 And the VIX is down, how about that? VIX and the SPX are playing a little Opposite week with us Markets down, VIX down Markets up, Volatility up So playing some games with us here The last, well really since Friday But it's okay We adapt We're traders, we adapt Yeah, so Anil on my PC Like I'm on right now That the share order template option Does not appear when I try to share it But when I do it on my Mac it does So I'm not sure what the deal is on that So for example if I go to Actually let me buy some longs here first Or I forget So if I set up my order template For Tronch 1 for example Let's say we're going to be 15 wide Normally I would go to this little 3 bar menu here Click on it And there would be an option to Share order template But you can see it does not exist When I do the same thing on my Mac There's an option that says share order template Oh looks like I'm getting filled on another Time fly exit my friends Let me post that before Jump into Tronch 1 Same day exit 6% on that one Just posted that Like in the course when I shared all those Order templates I must have been doing that when I was still on my Mac And then I went to I created some new ones I was going to share them And Landon was doing the same thing on his PC And he couldn't figure it out And yeah I don't know it's a Mac It's a Mac thing Available on Mac not on PC for some reason Alright looks like we're going to be 10 wide Tronch 1 Trying to get 8.50 Filled at 8.50 Wuga took my 8.60 Always one up in me Wuga Always one up in me Alright so 10 wide for Tronch 1 Something I've got kind of in my Thought process For Starting next month For power hour is I might I think I'm going to vary My position size based on the Width that we get for Tronch 1 So 10 or above I'll have one position size that's higher A 5 wide I would do a little bit less position size A straddle I would do less And then if we're inverted and I'm doing a straddle I would have another position size So haven't thought through that all the way That's just FYI Something I'm kind of considering starting next month Okay good to know Wuga So we have no time flies on man Those things have been popping off this week After making us hold out Most to last week Yeah Maro you're You posted I think last week A little screenshot of kind of the Breakdown of the different widths That's what kind of got me rethinking about it I still may do another time fly I've got it on a note here right in front of me I think it makes sense to jump into another one here In fact since we've got so much time Between Tronch 1 and Tronch 2 Let's go ahead and look at that Probably go back to the Nove 10 cycle So for you following along at home On the time fly I'm trying to get filled on this one I'll adjust it to get filled here Most likely won't get filled at that price Starting to get filled at 345 Got a partial Got filled on 4 out of 25 I'll let it sit there for a bit Kelvin my wing width Are you talking about for the time fly I usually start around 50 And then if it's higher volatility I'll go wider Lower volatility I'll go narrower I'm just trying to I kind of look at Here's price currently at about 40 to 40 The expected move between Over the next few periods Expected move until Monday is 44 Expected move until Tuesday is 60 I'll just kind of get an idea of If we move 40 points to the upside I'll have to adjust So I'm just kind of gauging that Based on the expected move Sometimes I'll skew it a little bit One way or another If I want to give myself more room to the upside More room to the downside So it's just a little bit of tinkering And playing with it But as far as the width goes I usually start at 50 And then kind of adjust it from there As far as power hour goes I'm on the 42, 45, 42, 35 Alpha options What's up Mike You probably already covered Considering you have power hour success Every day of the week Have you tested a strategy For ending near the end of day End of one DTE And held to the following power hour I've tested a lot of one DTE stuff In general On option omega By the way, we do not We don't win every day a power hour I wish we did But it's normally Over a large number of occurrences I would say we win about 60 to 65% of the time So, yeah I've tested a lot of one DTE stuff I haven't found anything That I'm super comfortable with For one Of course then you're holding overnight So you've got that risk on a Pretty, you know Usually a pretty narrow type spread So you don't have the Ability to bail Overnight obviously So for a similar type of strategy Yeah, I'm not too big on One DTE holding overnight But there's a lot of folks who do it Waterman was that Comment to me Every time this discussing came up I denied the merits of it I'm not sure what you're referencing there Oh yeah, tomorrow I posted The strikes of the time fly above The 4270, 4220, 4165 Are you talking about the width Versus premium? Yeah, I've thought about it before I certainly never dismissed it I hadn't done anything about it But that doesn't mean I dismissed it Yep, 10 minutes I'll be doing a 5-7 Right before I get into trunch too Yeah, I mean there's no doubt about it I mean if you look at When I first started like Trading power hour The way I do now The first full month was April I was trading it before But not to the same kind of discipline Following exact steps On a monthly basis April obviously we had some Higher implied volatility Performance was fantastic We had periods like July and August Where implied volatility was super low Results were just kind of meh Right, so Now we're back up to higher implied volatility And October's been a massive month For power hour So there's obvious, you know There's just a lot to that How much better it works When you get wider, right? So more, and of course The more data, the more we trade this The more everyday options have been Along, we'll find more stuff too So as far as the calendars I'm putting on today for next week So there's nothing Monday Is Powell speaking Wednesday? It's not shown on this calendar So I'm doing a three, six Because the three, the shorts would be nothing The six has some unemployment stuff that day For my longs, and then I'm doing a five, seven Because there's nothing Wednesday on the shorts And then there's some core PCE stuff On the sevens on the longs Yeah, and mark your calendars I'll be posting more about it Our resident accountant, Wuga Will be presenting his trade plan Next Thursday, the 26th 30 minutes after the bell Can't wait for that So let's see, trunch one, I got in at 8.50 So 5.10, I'll be reducing my stop Currently trading at 6.75 Wuga, you've never taken a tax class And you're an accountant? Reminder, the 5.7 All right, now I'm getting filled on some more Time flies, there we go All right, now I can post it Fill that 3.45 Just posted that in the butterfly channel 5.7 Why is this happening? Something I'm not understanding on trade hoc Sometimes my orders get rejected Hmm All right, I'm gonna have to come back to that 5.7 We got trunch two coming up Buying some longs for trunch two Looks like we'll have a 10 wide 40s and 30s Give it another minute SPX coming down Few points above, lows of day Looks like we could be 15 wide 40s and 25s 40s and 25s, 15 wide I'll get filled at 4.95 Filled at 4.95 for trunch two All right, I gotta go back to mother monitor here And figure out why I'm not getting filled Hmm, there we go I just posted my 5.7 in the calendar channel Let's see, looks like There's been a bunch of posts here in the chat So if I'm not trying to ignore anyone So if I missed a question that you're Still looking for, feel free to Repeat your question here in the chat What about this? S&P down 42 VIX down 2% Ooh, to thunk I guess it got so overpumped That it just had to give a little back I do not see a Powell speech on On my calendar, no For Wednesday, Wednesday the 25th I see new home sales and crude oil inventories You got a, if you got a different calendar That's got something, feel free to post it Hmm, well that's after the market closes anyway so Or I don't know, actually I don't know what time frame you're on Well, let me refresh mine Oh, there he is But it's after the market closes so that's good So, as far as the calendars go though Let's see Yeah, I mean it may Well no, having the shorts there is not going to matter Because they're going to expire before he speaks So yeah, I'm still good with the 5.7 I'm going to do a 3.6, I'll do that here In about 15 minutes Tronch 1 is down to 5.60, I'm looking for 5.10 Tronch 2, I got in at 4.95 Looking for 3 bucks To reduce Tronch 2 Yeah, I must have, I have my I have that calendar open since this morning so And Neil mentioned they just added it 2 hours So as soon as I refreshed it showed up Getting a little bounce here Tronch 1 down to 5 In the 5.30s Looking for 5.10 Another few years of growing capital And quitting as accounting and then Lauren's going to come on board with navigation trading I heard Tronch 1 down to 5.45 He hasn't confirmed that yet But I'm just saying that's going to try to make that happen Lauren are you even on the live stream? He might be just chatting A little bounce, now we're falling again Tronch 1 trading around 6 I did, I got smoked on my ducks and my JSP's Both of them A couple minutes until Tronch 3 Buy some more longs 3 looks like we might be 20 wide Maybe 25 even 20 No Can't count 15 40s and 25s Give it another minute No, the ducks are not doing so good I got to decide if I'm going to kill that duck or not I know one thing I'm going to do is I've got to If a duck gets stopped out so is your JSP's They got the same similar criteria So when both of those get smoked It's a little bit more painful than I prefer It looks like the 40, 25s Tronch 3, 15 wide 380 Build it 380 40, 25s Tronch 2 is trading down to 385 I'm looking for 3 bucks SPX moving lower SPX put in a new low of day I get filled on a 36 My 36 in the calendar channel Tronch 1 is 6 bucks I need 5, 10 Tronch 2 is getting close to 3 bucks For stop reduction It's a nice little bounce off the bottom Who's going to get their stop reduced first? Tronch 1 or 2 Need to go above 35 for Tronch 1 Tronch 1 is there Oops, wrong one 8, 10 Reducing my stop on Tronch 1 Tronch 2 I'm looking for 3 bucks It's at 315 310 305 3 bucks Reducing my stop on Tronch 2 All right, good Good, good, good Early indication for market on close and balance 945 million sell side Yep, just reduced 1 and 2 Tronch 1 is down to 460 Tronch 2 is down to 320 Tronch 3 is down to 320 Tronch 2 and 3 are the same 42, 40s and 42, 25s So anywhere between 35 and 40 would be just fine Since we got the 25s Yeah, I'll take 42, 37 What else did I do today? I entered a new put calendar in SPX 710 DTE We'll turn that into a double if needed or take profits at 10 to 20% Added a new duck in rut Our duck in SPX has taken some heat Our VIX spread I took off 4 of 10 If Volatilia was going to get more pumped today I was going to shed some more of that VIX hedge and add some VXX verticals the other way But I'm going to wait until next week Still not much juice coming out of oil Rolled down some calls in MES Rolled down some calls in QQQ What about the VXX? Yeah, I mean you'd figure if we were down 44 points that the Volatilia would be up but it's not At 5.7 I put on is already up a couple hundred 21 and a half minutes until the bell So I got in Trunch 1 at 8.50 My stop is at 8.10 Trunch 2 I got in at 4.95 My stop is at 5 bucks Bryce is currently hanging in our sweet spot We don't really need a new low of day I just don't think we need that I just don't think it's necessary Stop on Trunch 1s at 8.10 I'm currently trading at 6.75 Now it's above 7 We hit a new low of day I'll probably get stopped on Trunch 1 And there's a new low of day I'm getting close to my stop Let's get back up there And I'm going to get stopped here Stopped with some slippage So I stopped at 8.75 and 8.85 So I got into 8.50 So I lost about 30 ish cents on that one Trunch 2 and 3 are trading at 2.65 Stops at 5 bucks and 6.80 My stop on Trunch 3 is 6.80 Trunch 2 is 5 Spreads currently trading at 2.70 I'm with you I was thinking about that earlier I'm going to go ahead and get out of that duck It's down about 6.60 My exit point is about 7.75 I'm not really interested in a big gap down over the weekend To smoke that thing So I'm going to go ahead and close that one I'll re-enter next week if we get some more downside I got out at 13.90 on that one Bix is almost unchanged now that the S&Ps are down over 50 Trunch 2 and 3 We need to hold our heads above 42.25 Market on close Early indication at 1.4 billion sell side Matt from Option Omega, are you on the stream? We just need to hold here above 42.25 Trunch 2 and 3 trading at 2.70 I'm watching this market on close thing I don't think there's really much to gather from it What I'm noticing is if the final number at 10 minutes to the bell Is a big change then we see some market gyration But as far as direction goes I mean if it's on the sell side sometimes it goes up It's on the buy side sometimes it goes down So I don't know what to make of it If there's really anything to If there's really any benefit to watching it I'll continue to watch it a little bit That's right Ease on back up to 42.33 Ten minutes till the bell Getting a little down movement right at that point I'll see what the market on close comes out at Definitely kind of was bouncing kind of reversed 2.1 billion sell side So yeah jumped up So we saw a little bit of down movement But new lows of day Need to stay above 42.25 Trunch 2 stops at 5 bucks Spreads currently trading at 2.40 Still going down Get back up there Just get back up there That's no fun Bianca Really disappointing how buggy Tasty is Just not I had high hopes for tasty Alright bounced off the lows of 42.24.5 2 Back up to 27s Yeah there's definitely buggy things with every broker Is technology Well if we're hanging out right here I'm going to close Here in a couple minutes If we bounce here in the next couple minutes I will be Taking closer to the bell Down below 25 Trunch 2 I'm going to get out of Ugh Pushing Pushing lower, no wrong way Alright out of trunch 2 at 225 Getting a nice bounce now Trunch 3 trying to get out at a buck 20 Trunch 3 filled at a buck 20 So let's see Trunch 1 was a small loser 30 cents So that's minus 300 Trunch 2 Got in At 495 Out at 225 270 Trunch 2 I made 4,320 Trunch 3 I got in At 380 Out at 120 260 14 equals 3640 So 7 8 A little under 8 grand So I'm not too shabby I'll take it I'll take it to end the week Alright my friends There she blows Another power hour win Next week Oh hey Maro See you on video How are ya Next week Let's see next week is the 20th Alright so next week Monday and Tuesday Chad will be streaming at the open Wednesday, Thursday I will be streaming for zero DTE Friday Chad will be streaming at the open Friday Chad will be streaming every day for power hour Alright everyone take care Have a good weekend Chad with you soon