that the business goal, of course, is revenue generation. Our goal from the bookkeeping or accounting side of things is to enter the financial transactions as they take place, typically using some of these forms, which are broken out by customer, vendor, employee, and so forth. These then create the financial transactions that are used to create the financial statements. The end result from a reporting standpoint, the result that will then be used, at least for tax preparation in the United States, generally, and possibly for external use, if we have to get like a loan or something like that, and internal use for our own decision-making processes. Our other goal from the accounting side of things is to facilitate communication with the people we do business with, customers, vendors, and employees as smoothly as possible, so that the focus of the business can be on whatever the business does for revenue generation. So that's the general idea. Now, when we enter the bank feeds, we might say, is there some kind of way that I can use the bank feeds to shortcut some of the full accounting cycles that we'd be putting in place in a full accounting system? So that's what we want to basically get an idea of now. To do that, I'm going to jump over to the flow chart. This is a desktop flow chart, but it's just a flow of the forms. The accounting process will be the same. It's just a conceptual flow chart. So when we think about how the accounting process works, we can break it out by vendor or cycle. We've got the vendor cycle or the payable cycle, the expenses cycle you might call it. We've got the customer cycle or accounts receivable, revenue cycle, income cycle you might call it. And then we've got the employee cycle, which is might be called the payroll cycle. So clearly at the first cycle, the vendor cycle, at the end of the cycle, whatever that cycle is, we would typically assume that the money is going to be coming out of the checking account for goods and services that we are purchasing. Therefore, of course, money being the lifeblood of the company is going to be involved in some way in just about every cycle. If we're looking at the customer cycle, we would expect at the end of the cycle, whatever that cycle is, that the checking account would typically be going up for goods and services that we are providing to customers. So once again, money being the lifeblood of the company is involved in the cycle, of course. And with the payroll cycle, we would expect at the end of the cycle money to be going out in a similar way as with the vendors, although more complex due to laws, regulations, and taxes for goods, services we're providing or paying for the employees that we are paying. So it's useful to break down these cycles and then think about am I on a cash based system or am I on an accrual basis by cycle? So we don't want to think about the whole company necessarily when we're trying to figure out how the bank feeds fit into our accounting system because it's possible for, for example, small companies often might be on, in essence, a cashed based system for their vendor or expense cycle, but they're forced to be on some kind of accrual based system due to the industry they're in for the revenue cycle. So it's useful to say, okay, am I on a more simplified cashed based system per cycle or am I on more of an accrual system and then figure out, okay, well, how did the bank feeds fit into the system? Because I know each cycle deals with cash and cash is going to be a banking type of transaction. How can I fit that into my system?


Welcome to the open embedded and Yachto project buff. I'm Armin Custer I'm with one of us to software and I am on the Yachto project TSC and I do stable branch maintaining stuff Hello everyone, my name is Nicola de Chen I work for linear row and I'm also the Yachto project community manager So this is the usual buff that we I mean I guess most of you might have actually been at one of these sessions in the past We do that at every ELC ELCE Usually we don't have too much to say it's we are more here to hear from you So the idea is that we will just and briefly say a few words and then we will I mean give you the meek and you Can ask questions We have many people from the project in the room Richard Perdy is here Camerage is here from the TSC and many other people So you can ask us anything anything any technical question any question about what we are doing what we could change to make the project better It's really I mean it's really your talk not our presentation. Okay, so this is just a brief Project update. We just released the 3.0 Zeus on October 23rd We're anticipating our first dot release. We're hoping in December sometime The warrior update is kind of delayed due to some issues and that is about to release. It's Fourth dot release and it may this one the third release may be the last one we do because it's going to go into community as Zeus is under support We started our 3-1 planning The code name is He's working it's working on code name for it But here's the milestones as we see it for the various for the 3.1 release it starts out in December and we think it's going to release sometime in April as usual and then we have the Zeus updates and some other if there's a link at the bottom if you want to look at the Planning doc, it's open to anybody. We have meetings once a month So you're welcome to come listen and contribute to that The octa project TSC has submitted Proposal for LTS It hit the mailing list last week this week That's that that's me to get discussion. This is the link for that Proposal and in that this is the email it had itself and it has linked to the dock itself some of the highlights for the LTS is it's going to be two years It's going to follow a similar similar process the stable We're thinking is just a single host support and no manual QA So if you you can read the proposal you can get on the mailing list and Get involved in the discussions So just on that I mean this is the one topic that we hear at every time we make a buff and people asking Where is the LTS? So this is I mean a proposal which has been put by the TSC. It's open. It's it's a proposal So I mean basically we are looking for feedback We don't always know how people are actually using the project So we definitely I mean care about this feedback So that's that's a baseline for the discussion and we can talk more today or later in the week if you want OE has a new TSC They've had elections and three people were re-elected and we have two new members Bruce Ashfield and Joshua Watt They have their own wiki page for it if you want to see what's going on with that TSC Mailing lists are moving to Groups IO So this is more or less Unfortunately the same slide as like maybe six months ago, but the change now is that we really think this is going to happen So we have been through some issues The idea is that we want to migrate to we are today managing our own Server for the mailing list. We want to move away from that model Many of the open source project at LF actually have moved to groups at IO and we are going to do the same and We believe it's going to happen. I mean if not next week I mean the week right after so sooner or later if you are on a mailing list you will get some notification that something has changed and An account will be made for you and everything will just work as before hopefully The main change that you have to know is that we change the domain names So every list used to be something at the octoproject.org it will now be something at least the octoproject.org That's the only change that will be visible and Hopefully the rest will go through when We've been doing this live coding with the octoproject This is a Twitch account that Joseph if you see him He's hosting it. I think it's once a week Second So we have some links so you can follow and sign up and watch what drink Joseph is having that morning So about that so that's a very good example of things that can happen because you want that So this thing is I mean Joseph wanted to help and he wanted to say I mean How can I help the project and he came up with this idea about making this live session? So we are I mean we really like the initiative really Thank you for doing that and we want more Joseph and more ideas Basically, so anything you want to do to contribute to help the project whether it's doing I mean this kind of video stuff or tutorials or anything any idea you have that can benefit the project you can come Talk to me or talk to I mean any of us and we can see how we can actually work together on how we can help you So and what kind of help you need to make that happen And this year we're doing a Yacht of Summit, which is a Thursday and Friday of this week It's gonna be in the St. Clair three a and B of This was here, right? Yes There's a link there, so I don't think we're taking any more registrations. Yeah, we are we are we are It's impossible. So this is the first time we do this again It's been a very popular demand every time we go to a conference people really wanted to have like a very specific Yacht to an open embedded event where we can talk it's not like a place for developers to hack It's really a place for people. I mean to just I mean out the users and the developers to come and meet So we've sent some CFP. I think I'm during the summer We received actually a lot of proposals and we've done some selection so that there will be talks presentations There are like workshops hackathons There are many things which is going to happen again It's really I mean the event for the community as a whole and we are very happy that we could do that for the first time this year And now So usually the first question is the most more difficult and then the issue is that we cannot leave the room because there are Many questions. So who wants to be the first? Just come and you will see I Sorry How do you get the slides? What the post them? They will be posted on the I mean the ELC website and as usual who is like any I like any other presentations first question or Thank you so I'm from the project Mender.io and we have been using the Yacht to project for many years now and It's also been our primary integration platform for Yeah to integrate our solution into devices The Yacht to project has been the main domain for us But so this is a question related to adoption So it's not so many maybe so fun technically, but it is a problem that I mean It's well known that the Yacht to project is hard to start with And when we are working with our customers, we are seeing a lot of people That maybe they want to use Yacht to project, but they struggle with Yeah, if they're coming from this Debbie and Raspian world Getting into Yacht is a quite a heavy thing So I'm kind of requesting for feedback because we at Mender has started a Initiative to try to bridge We kind of see a gap the Yacht to project documentation from my perspective from my perspective who work with Yacht to every day It's pretty good But if you are coming in as a new user The Yacht to project documentation is very heavy. It's very detailed. It goes goes into very detailed Like how everything is done in the background and so on So we kind of felt that there's this gap missing For getting started quickly to maybe and a lot of our customers or users that we see are Maybe at the infancy of a product. So they are evaluating an idea and they want to Build something that works try it out and maybe then come back later and learn all the details and everything so So when we are launching basically is something we called Mender knowledge hub Which is part of our community platform. So we've started out writing getting started tutorials on Yacht basically and covering So far we've written like getting started with using Python in Yacht. How does it work? How do you find the Python modules and and it's all from a perspective coming from like Debian You're used to working with Python in Debian But it's a quite different using Python in the Yacht to project So I basically I don't really have a question. So I'm more requesting for feedback. What do you think about? Such an issue I mean we are committed to probably we're gonna We have like six tutorials right now. So we are just releasing this Project, but over time we are committed to continuously add more resources as it goes along But I also think that yeah, we are looking for like-minded people that also see a benefit in Early-stage adoption Column we would happily like collaborate and this is of course Publicly available that we have so far So yeah request for comments So this is public material that people can look at today and So maybe I mean so we have the advocacy team I don't know if you know, I mean what it is, but there is an advocacy mailing list. So one won't I mean One way to start would be to actually send an email there join that list and send an email and say This is what we have and this is what we have to offer and and that would be I mean we can talk here Or we can also continue on the on the mailing list. I think I wanted to say the same thing but essentially You know if we can bridge the gap between you have to project org and what you're doing and thereby kind of like provide a central Location where others can also contribute. So maybe and you know going through that case you probably they'll find out a Amicable way of like collaborating with others. So that's a good initiative I mean, I don't know what this is about But I mean if it's material which can benefit the project the first thing we could do would be to link and I mean We have the website which is I mean the visible face of the project So we could link to that and then we there could be a request for improvements or making new materials or anything From the perspective of someone who takes a lot of Takes care of a lot of newcomer questions The most prominent problem that I'm seeing is that way too many newcomers try to transfer a mindset That they know to the Yachter project, which is just not going to work. So in my experience I always try to make the two or three Core mindset things very very clear because once those are burned into your brain The the rest is just a matter of asking the right people or googling But if you if you go like hey, okay now I've got installed this yachter linux, but my app get won't work Then your mindset is broken and no article will fix it. It's really if you are working with newcomers My experience says get get the most core mindset straight then the rest will follow something on the topic or Yes, hello even About the topic of the newcomers and what could be interesting To improve Learn Yachto. I run an independent survey asking to newcomers to propose what Kind of features would be nice to have into the Yachter project and what are the most important topics actually Used into the project. So if you want to have a look at it please Tell me Thank you We want Do you have anything else? I mean anybody has any comment on? Yes, I was saying Yeah, I agree with what you said about a lot of people coming from this WM world have a different mindset And we have tried We've done we've done a lot of articles in the Yachter project and one specifically we did was adjusting from binary distributions to the Yachter project where we kind of went through this In yacht or you are like ground up. You're not going from the top and so on. So we try we've tried that but I also still feel that I Mean a lot of the companies that we work with Maybe they maybe how they have the right mindset, but they don't want to learn everything at the beginning, right? So they have some kind of product or idea that they're developing And they don't want to become Yachter experts. The first thing they do they want to test their AI machine learning application or whatever and deploy it them like in a pre-production release and in that phase, so it's kind of like Providing a quick start guide to Not maybe the correct way to say to like to go quickly to production But kind of help without going too much into the details They will probably if they go down this path, they will probably learn everything that they need to know But at least during this initial phase It's quite important Okay, thanks. So as I said, I think this kind of initiative should start on the Yachter advocacy mailing list or by talking to one of us like you've done and That's actually how we started with Joseph. It started by an email and that's So thanks So Anybody else now? Nicola, you helped me like a year ago to file a bug on backtracking in regards of the uninated shim not being versioned and And I can see that buck being moved and moved and moved from milestone to milestone I'm wondering what is so complicated about that At least you testify that we teach you how to create a bug You know what Rachel you want to take this one? Yeah, so I think I'm the person who's actually had that bug and has been moving it forward over that time period So and it's one of a number of different bugs The reality is we don't have an awful lot of people who are taking on bug fixing within the project and there's limits to what we can do So yes, we realized it. There is potential issue there But fixing it is not quite as simple as it first sounds. There were reasons why we didn't put a version in there directly It's done through the URL you access it through not necessarily in the file name. I appreciate that does cause some problems You know the bugs valid is definitely an issue, but it just hasn't we haven't got them We haven't had the resources and people working on bugs to be able to fix everything so my apologies for not getting to it, but Yeah, we can only do what we can do And the message here is that you should still open books. I mean it's not because I mean sometimes I mean I mean we keep pushback in fixing bugs, but we still want them and we still need to hear me the feedback No question Nobody wants to ask any questions about maybe the LTS. I mean that was a good topic last time. I mean now we have some Proposal are you asking me or would you want me to ask you? Okay, so the yes, okay, so the real challenge with the LTS is that I mean basically down to I mean again I mean the resources so we we have to we think we know What we want to do I mean I mean solving the LTS problem is kind of we know what to do The problem is we are asking who I mean can help or how the work is going to happen. There is actually issue with Actually people helping the project and doing the work and then there is also problems with how we are going to test I mean the test matrix is going to be a demultiplied by it. I mean and and much longer So that's that's the I mean obviously one of the biggest issue we have Don't do anything nature so again, I mean this is I mean this is Unfortunate, I mean but this is probably like very often in I mean in the project But we are always I mean very limited by I mean the resources that we have so Anything you can do to help us Giving feedback helping with resources or in any way I mean is always something which can definitely help the project What we see with the project. It's used a lot. I mean we know that and I mean basically there are lots of people in the room But the number of developers that actually contributes project is not actually Proportional to the number of the users of the project. That's one of the big issue and big challenge that we have in the project So I think one of the ways that that folks out there could help is if your company is really relying on Yachtra project and You have developers that actually understand some of the bugs that happen to be on bugzilla Pick them up and work on them and you know and help us fix them, right? so there is a very large community using Yachtra project and There is ample opportunity for people to contribute and get involved and if you're a newcomer and you're afraid of Being embarrassed or whatever, you know, then just Realize we're we're probably one of the most welcoming and open communities. There is an open source. It's I'm pretty proud of that fact and so You may get a terse email from Kamraj to one of your your patches, right? The fact it's it's but it's right So take to understand that the that it is short because time because Kim's time to respond is short The fact that he actually responded is very Significant you caught his attention. Okay, so for any I know there's other things like that. So you know put your ego put your you know your emotions on the shelf and just You know try to realize that that any response you get is not Personal or anything like that, but I just say, you know, there's so many opportunities for people to get involved and help You know, I personally actually joined this project Before Yachtra project existed we open embedded and I was I happened to be working at a company that was looking at using it We ended up not using it, but I became a Volunteer developer and I've never looked back, right? So there's just tons and tons of opportunity out there And I just welcome anybody who wants to to just come in join Help us, you know help us make the project better Don't just be a consumer. Don't just treat it like a product that's on the shelf, right? This is yours to be involved in and grow Just to put some I mean rule numbers if you make two patches a week you be you enter the top 10 And number of developers of the project I mean so if you do this kind of thing so it doesn't take a lot to actually help the project if you look at every release that we make We basically I think we talked about that today I mean we we commit something like 15 to between 15 and 20 Commit every day of the release, but we have 10 people who actually really contribute I mean most of the time so I mean it's actually not that I mean we don't need like Huge amount of people I mean every every one one engineer can actually make a difference at the project level So I mean everybody can help and and and all these people in this home I mean collectively and connect you make a big difference for the project So okay, I'm asked to mention how to reach out to the developers So I mean obviously we rely a lot on the mailing list But we are also using I see a lot and people like Joseph help people newcomers I mean like this is is doing that almost like every day and Most of the key I mean developers are also there on ISE and also answer questions. So you can actually reach out to I mean Everyone is actually very easy to reach out to in this project. That's actually quite true so I have been working with York tool for like two or three years and First of all, I want to say thank you to you guys because I think it is very good So my question is I was submitting like one or two patches and I always ask myself Am I breaking some something else? You know, I'm just working on my BSP or Maybe I even run it On QM once but are there more things you can do to actually make sure that your patch is not breaking Something else like there are auto bills or something So maybe Richard we had something what we can say Every I mean every patch which is on mailing list, which is good enough to be maybe merged is actually going through the auto builders So there is a huge IT infrastructure behind the project and everything is I mean There is the auto builder that where we actually test all the combination that you did not test So, I mean the HR maybe you can explain when you when you decide to make take a patch into the AB Yeah, well pretty much any patch that we are thinking about taking goes into the auto builder and gets tested All of those test configurations are actually public and there are test cases that you can actually run by hand So for example, if you are changing something like recipe tool or dev tool There's specific test suites that can be used with those and it's a command line along the lines of OE dash self test dash recipe tool or something like that, which is like the module name of the thing that we're testing and I think my Ask my suggestion is that if you're making changes in any of these areas help us add new tests because Even if there's no tests there currently if you add your tests in that means that whatever it is that you just fixed We'll hopefully not regress again because if we've got tests there, we'll be able to check that in future So test adding new test cases is something that we're starting to sort of ask for with new contributions Particularly in areas of the project, which we don't necessarily know an awful lot about Because this is one of the challenges the project can be configured in so many different ways with so many different options How do you test it and the way we do that is through things like OE self-test and those modules Did you know about the ATO builders? I mean, did you know that we had one? Okay, so maybe one thing we could do I mean we have a how to submit a patch I think it's on one of the wiki so we could actually explain I mean not only how to submit a patch, but what happens once you submit the patch Like maybe I mean this kind of thing. I mean, this is actually an interesting feedback I think you shouldn't I mean I mean not everybody knows that stuff So maybe we should have another section in that wiki that says once you submitted the patch and I mean of course if the But if there is a review comments or anything the patch is not okay I mean that's but then if the patch is okay I mean there is a whole life cycle for this patch which we probably could document at least you should have a Link to the auto builders and the process that we follow. It's it's I Was just gonna say on the altar build a process for those who don't know about it It takes roughly about six hours to come through it But we do have the patches in batches because we can't afford the CPU cycles to basically test things individually So it is a manual process to collect things up and trigger it and it's done in batches of roughly around 30 to 60 patches or so Yes, and then so that it's build tests. It's also runtime tests So we do test a lot of the things on the chemo including things like p-test packages for Components within those those images, which is why we're running the upstream tests related to a given piece of software The stable branches go through the same process when we backport patches we use the same infrastructure and QA tests and stuff So sometimes you don't actually see any response on the mailing list because your patch was basically You know, nobody had any major comments and they brought it into a master next branch So what you should be looking for is in the repository that you're committing to or you're sending a patch for look for it to be landing in the master next and You will usually hear feedback if it broke something and then you know then otherwise it Often tends to be merged the reality is we don't have enough manpower to be reviewing every single patch and you know Really responding? The other thing is if you're talking about a given recipe or a given package and not part of the core Tooling if you just simply run on you know, QMU x86 QMU arm, you know There's five or six QMU's that are that are more than that But anyway, you can run on all of them if you if you like But if you want to just do some basic sanity checking that you haven't broken anything at least run on on the two main QMU's the other thing is Kim would really love it if you would also build it with muscle because this is one of the things that that is most likely to break So if any patch you're going to do to a given recipe or whatever it is It is highly likely that muscle will have issues with it And so just you know do us all a favor and actually look at that There's many many ways of doing the you know your own automation and your own testing and so on So in the doctor project summit, I'm actually going to be talking about result tool And I'm going to talk about p-test and always self-test stuff. So I'll be giving at least a light view of What all those mean how you run it, you know what it what it takes and Many of these tests are quite easy to run just from the command line or something like that So it's there's quite a bit you can do on your own Yeah, I was just gonna say I was just gonna say that from my personal experience The auto builder code is there as well. It's a repo. You can clone it. You can create your own CI on That and it all the the matrix of different combinations that are tested They're there. So you technically if you have time you can just load your own Auto builder and Put it to run at night and you know, you're not breaking anyone else's things with your patch, right you use use your branch instead and Yeah, that's pretty much it you can do it you can the auto builder publishes The downloads and as stayed as well. So if you can configure it with that it's not even gonna take that long Even though it's not the perfect test for a newcomer But on the Thank you again You can attend my talk on Friday and learn how to strengthen your Yachto deployments so the open embedded website lists a lot of layers available and my question is does this auto-testing involve the Those layers that might be out of you know, like not in the core because I looking for some features you look for layers and Some of layers are actually not maintained or not not that not in sync have no like a branch which matches the The Yachto release. So how is it handled? So I guess you are talking about the layer index, which is a really good tool that Exists on layers.openemedi.org That I mean everybody is free to submit. So if you have your own layer You can submit that there is a light process where we review I mean that the content of the layer is It's actually a layer. I mean it's not something that is going to break everything and then we just publish So I mean we don't do any specific test on what is published on the on the layers If the maintenance of the layer does not provide the release branch for that you need I mean that's your I mean you can ask the maintenance but we don't do anything in terms of the testing What we'd mentioned with the autobilder is for what is on the on the on the core side So it's it's basically I'm pocky to some extent There are also I mean CI that happens with more layers inside your open embedded And maybe can you want to talk about what you are doing? Yeah, so I think right now. I think we are working on primarily, you know, a bunch of servers that we have On open embedded so we don't do any of the runtime tests given, you know, the number of layers there are and number of large packages the Turn around time is too big like even for the bills is run like 12 hours for one bill. So But I'm kind of like we are working with Yachter project where we have now started to some projects to kind of integrate more layers. It's essentially the some of this Met open embedded layers. So You know, like regularly building them there as well. So I think eventually I do have plans to add more like p-test kind of things In there depending upon how much resources we have there. So I'm kind of looking at how much estate it is using from, you know, the master bills Which is pretty good right now pretty encouraging. So meta open embedded bills don't take that longer on a B So, you know, we might have more tests like runtime tests as well in future I don't know depends like on participation, but right now. That's what we do. I Think there are individual layers that you have on github or other places and you have to go and talk to those maintainers and maybe There's many layers. They keep their master working on multiple releases. So you might not see a third Release, but the master of that project is still built with that, right? So I know that meta browser is that way, right? So you might want to Check with the maintainers. They have different policies. You may not have like exact branch, you know That's back to the order question and what we describe earlier with the process of the patch and the AB and so on is Is four things that go into the core? I mean the core here That's fine. I can do that So is that the only woman leading the room right there? Beth we got that too well besides us. Oh and you so First of all, I wanted to say that I've never seen camera right more than a sentence So don't take it personally at all ever and in fact he asked Richard today If Richard could possibly do the weekly status reports in 240 characters or less. Oh 140 sorry 140. Yeah So you guys have no sense of humor at all. I can't believe it I wanted to say a couple of things. I know today. I don't know if you guys brought this up I was a little bit late. We were talking about the planning meetings for Yachto project for the next Rev Did you talk about that at all? So I don't really know that much about them. I know they take place. Are they weekly? Weekly Doesn't matter you can figure out how often Tim's gonna tell because he can't stand it when I give the wrong information But my point is that there's this really unique opportunity for you guys to show up and Input on what you want out of the project and what you think is important and what directions it should go in and what you really need and I think a lot of people don't take advantage of that and I think it's super super important for people who don't have a sense of humor to show up at the planning meetings and And input some stuff So I know there are things that are important to you and it's possible that they're just not getting into the project because no one knows and then the other thing which is Much more simple is we have a really cool thing on the Yachto project website where you can advertise jobs So if any of you have a position in your company that you'd like to have advertised other Yachto project open embedded people It's another place you can do so and so you just send it into I think there's a link on the website somewhere to the webmaster You can send it to anywhere. We'd be happy to post it and Happy to post it. Yeah Okay, thank you. So yeah, so that was a good day. I need to talk about the meetings the project has a couple of meetings there is an engineering weekly Weekly and which I mean is I mean anyone can join and attend and just try to to contribute to the project one thing Which is to link to what we how we started? We we sometimes feel that we are missing feedback from the users. I mean, we have very good feedback from the developers I mean that we know all of them, but we are missing feedback from the users So what Tracy was saying is that if you want to I mean one way to contribute to the project is to explain How you use the project and what you expect from the project because sometimes we don't even know what I mean you expect and We've seen Sometimes we are surprised but what people are actually doing with the project But we often learn that after the fact and not not not early enough No phone calls There's essentially two meetings that happen every week one of them is Once a month is the monthly technical call, but the rest of the time the same Zoom number is used for the same time slot and that's the engineering sink call and that has in the past been All kinds of different things talking about infrastructure and things like that But it has recently become a catch-all for where we just talk about whatever happens to be going on The other meeting that happens every week is the bug triage meeting which is on Thursdays So the technical calls on Tuesdays the bug triage is on Thursdays. I will not try to do the EU time zone Translation but because I'm from California or from West Coast. Sorry So the bug triage call is where we look at the new bugs that have come in during that week that have been added to Bugzilla and we triage them figure out what priority and everything to add them to Attempt to figure out who is going to work on them if they are high priority and things like that and Then we also look at the old bugs and things like that and try to make sure we're taking care of them and you know keeping things healthy We can absolutely use a lot more help in bugzilla and in that space so we would recommend anybody that wants to join either one of those calls and listen in Get a feel for what the meetings are about and bring up issues that you might have Any other questions? We are already running out of time. I thought we had more than that, but But nobody has kicked us out anyway So if there are more questions or any last one maybe otherwise, maybe we are done nobody Yeah, so we have yeah, that's right. So we have the booth Which is at the showcase and I mean so we are on there all day So if you want to ask more questions or give us any feedback on the project There will always be someone from the project at the booth and as we mentioned We have the Yachter project summit on Thursday if you want to learn about that you can also come and talk to us at the booth Thanks again for the booth today and have a good rest of the conference


A lot of people ask me this question. Hey Nancy, do you need MBA to become a product manager? Do I need to invest this $200,000 to get an MBA degree so that I can become my dream product manager in fan companies, Google, Apple, Amazon? In this video, I'm going to break it down. Specifically, what are the different kind of roles, responsibilities, does relevant product management, does MBA degree actually adding additional success rate to become product manager or not. And we're also going to break down regarding the requirement in big tech companies to become a product manager so that you can make decisions whether MBA awards your $200,000 investment or not. Hey guys, this is Dr. Nancy Lee, a director of product and featured in Forbes. I have helped hundreds of people blend their dream PM job offer in fan companies and unicorn startups and continue to get promoted as a product leader. If you want to achieve the same kind of success, you can go to PM Accelerator DAO to learn more. If you want to learn the most effective way to become a product manager, subscribe to the channel, hit the like button so we can notify every time I turn on your video every Wednesday. Make sure to check out the behind scenes stories on Instagram to find out lots of people with very similar background just like you. If you like any of the free advice we provide today, please make sure to like this video and share this with any aspiring product managers. First of all, let's use data to prove do you need MBA or not to become a product manager. Let's look into the latest job descriptions from Google and Amazon. I personally believe that you do not need MBA to become a product manager. However, some companies have preferences towards MBA students. Some company does not have preferences at all. For example, look at this job description from Spotify, one of the most popular video streaming app. In this job descriptions, they didn't mention they need MBA at all. However, they said they preferred experience like the following. You have five years of engineering product or program management experience in tech industries, especially in the ads tech. This product management position is for ad platform. So they prefer people who have prior experience in the ads domain compared with you need MBA. So to them, experience working with the right product and also experience working with engineering teams and experience working with product and project management is very critical for the company's success. Let's use another example from Amazon. So Amazon is specifically known for preferred MBA candidate. So if you go to campus recruiting, Amazon love MBA campus recruiting. If you got MBA fresh, graduate MBA, Amazon love to bring you in as L6 instead of L5, even if you have no prior product management experience. So if you're MBA, you are in luck. You should actually leverage your own campus recruiting opportunities to interview with Amazon. This job is for senior program manager of low core ML machine learning platform. In the job description, they said the following. They prefer MBA or master's degree in engineering management or technology prefer. So which means that you have MBA or master's degree in management or engineering domain that you like your background, even if it is for machine learning technical position. So therefore, whether you need MBA or not really depends on the company. Now let's also use another extreme Google as an example. This is for senior product manager for Android connectivity, PM position at Google. And they said the following. They prefer people with master's in a technology or business related field. Five years experience working a cross-functional team with engineering, UX, UI, sales, finance, and other stakeholders. So if you want to interview for Google, actually, Google prefer people with engineering domain compared with business domain because in Google, they have technology driven company. They want to, their engineers want to be challenged. So if you do not have MBA, I would focus on Google or Spotify, those kind of companies to go after these.  So they're all open for outstanding product managers to apply for the companies. In my last video, I talked about how it became a product manager with no MBA or no product management experience. You should watch this video right here where I talked in depth regarding how can you break into product management with no MBA and how to able to bridge the gap very quickly. The second step is look into the roles and responsibilities of product managers and how much are actually related to MBA degree. The key roles and responsibilities for product managers are the following. Number one, set up the product vision to lead the team to achieve the vision together. Number two, product managers need to be able to provide requirements and manage roadmap to manage the entire process to make sure the product are developed and launched. Number three, product managers need to work in a cross-functional team to make sure all the teams are aligned and moving towards the same vision. Those include engineering team, business team, sales and marketing, and UIUX design. And those key responsibilities especially the cross-functional team responsibilities actually relevant to what MBA is bringing to the table because they are more business driven. However, other roles and responsibilities such as writing requirement I don't think is part of the MBA curriculum at all. If you want to learn how to write requirements and actually I prefer people study systems design and actually that's what I study at MIT to learn about system design and actually helps me to write requirement better. Now regarding setting up product vision and this is very personal and unique to you. I don't think you need MBA to be able to set up product vision and in reality for students inside a PM accelerator majority of students even do not have MBA but together we're still able to lend hundreds of offers from fan companies and unicorn startups. So therefore it's essential for you to master the essential skills for you to become a better product manager compared with just getting a degree. I'm going to make in-depth video to cover all the top 10 essential skills for product managers and it's going to be published right here on top of my video sometime in the future you just subscribe to channel and get notified once the video is available to you. So learn those key skills is better than getting a degree. However, I personally believe that MBA is a really good investment if you want to break into a consulting type of role. A majority of the consultants they have an MBA but majority of the product managers we do not have an MBA and however if you want to leverage the MBA network you can definitely go for MBA just for the purpose of gaining the right skills for product management. I don't think MBA is designed for that. So do you have MBA or not? Comment on the chat. I love to learn about you and also do you know any of your friends who got MBA who became a product manager? I love to learn from them as well so comment on the chat. Now let's break down the third most asked questions. Does MBA actually have higher success rate or not to become a product manager? The answer is no. As I said actually inside PMX surgery a majority of our students do not have an MBA. Now if you look around in big tech companies for all the product managers do they have an MBA or not? And actually if you look around a majority of product managers do not have an MBA because MBA is a skill and experience based position. It's not a degree based position. Same thing as what I said earlier majority of the job descriptions didn't ask for MBA but they want people who have more experience in the domain of product or engineering or UI, UX domain they're gonna be working on. So that's more important and essential for product management. So therefore I think the $200,000 investment as a tuition to get an MBA degree for the purpose of becoming a product manager may not worth it. So therefore I would rather you spend the same amount of money to master any kind of experience or skills to become a product manager. For example the best way actually for you to master the product management skills is by doing side project building your product portfolio to demonstrate you have very relevant experience in the domain they're having for and also have experience writing requirements you know how to work with engineers and UI looks design and how to communicate with stakeholders those are very critical to become a product manager. I make a video talk about the how to gain product management experience using product portfolio you can watch this video right here and you should also start to build your side project by gaining product management experience and then leverage that to quickly become a product manager you can go to this website to download the 13 different kind of project you can work on right now to start gaining experience. I'm going to put the searching different kind of project in the link of the description so that you can download yourself. Having MBA does not guarantee you have higher success rate at all and because I actually have lots of people who are MBAs and reach out to me saying hey Nancy I saw I got MBA I can land many jobs in tech companies however they're not even able to learn interview at all it was because they don't know how to write a resume how to package their experience. So check out this video where we talk about how to package your experience put in your resume that's actually more relevant than just having a degree. The number four thing I want to highlight is that after you become a product manager does MBA actually help you or not to become a senior product manager, director product or any kind of leadership positions in the company and actually I have been working for multiple fortune-fragile companies when I look around the people who are in director VP different kind of levels majority of them do not have an MBA degree. However the ones who climb up faster as someone who is able to better present themselves who are faster at increasing the scope of work and of course if you want to climb up through the strategy letter such as corporate strategy or chief strategy officer MBA would definitely help significantly but from the product domain it's more impact-driven experience space and did you really launch a product that had millions of dollars using it that's more important than having a degree or not. So therefore my personal humble opinion is that you do not need MBA to become a product manager all you need is that you start to gain also required skills to become a product manager. However if already product managers you should totally leverage your opportunities to target the on-campus recruiting with amazon because they prefer MBA students in general. We have a student who got an MBA and also went through the on-campus recruiting with amazon he was able to land an offer within six weeks that's very fast so I want you guys already have MBA to leverage on-campus recruiting fast track to quickly break into these fan companies. If you like the tips that provided please make sure to like this video and share this video with any aspiring prime managers or who is currently MBA I want to hear their opinion as well this is Dr. Nancy Lee from PM Accelerator Diode I'm going to see you next time in my video bye


OK, možemo do vsehoj sešnji sešnji konferencij. Zato sem vsešnji za to, ker sem vsešnji sešnji sešnji zorganizacji in sem vsešnji sešnji sešnji sešnji. In je to, da sem vsezaj, da sem sezaj, da sem tudi svoj izgledal o konstantnimi zeloči, tudi za broj, z vsem z tudi in Petar Magratz je počkaj to tega, da je. Because these are very ambitious goals and they have a lot to do with science. These are the continuation of the Millennium Development Goals that were launched in 2000. In tako, da je mi to zazvalo, prejšlo, da je tudi da so poživali, da bi so prišli, in tako, da je to, da so poživali, 15-jera toga zelo, da je težko veliko. Jel je ta veliko tren, kaj je mnogo se neko mislili. In je tudi, da neko se se imeli, da se je tudi tega obok, je to zelo in dobro, da se priče, kako se priče, in vseh pričelujem in izgledaj, ki je zelo sezvodil in vzelo sezvodil in jah nekakaj. So ja imam počet, da bi so sezvodil, da bi sezvodil, da so sezvodil, da bi sezvodil izgovoril, Kaj je tukaj v Adriatiku, da je tukaj tukaj. Tako, da je kandrega ljuda. Čakaj. Vse možeš tukaj na mikrofonu. Čakaj, Mateo. Znamo, da so tukaj na tukaj. Tukaj je tukaj, da je tukaj, da je tukaj, da je tukaj, da je tukaj, da je tukaj, da je tukaj, da je tukaj. In zelo počujem, da imam čest, da Mateo bolj začnevam, da boš mi tudi prijelit. Zelo počujem, da je prezentacija tudi, ali da se svoje vlačim, začnevam, kako pa je max Pauli, kaj je, in kaj je, in kaj je, kaj je počaj, počajS. Zelo počajS pa ja počajS, kako je dno svoj, da je to počajS, In vse možno je, da je karban fotprin. Našli všeč naši ekonomiji izgleda na foslfjulji in karban. Vse možno vidimo, da v U.S. in Čina, in v nekaj različnih različnih različnih različnih različnih foslfjulji. V nekaj europejskih kraj, in v italii, Neremi, Spaja, in Spaj, v Kontaktu iskih, v Olnih, tudi bolj odličen in imen.  Tako strutilji, ali imemo se, da se najrej povah lahko nekaj vibre skครadičnega v personaljama, programov. Po kapitej, vidimo, da je zelo zelo zelo in v Ethiopia, in v Bangladesh, Nigeria, in tudi Afrika, in zelo zelo zelo zelo zelo, da je zelo zelo zelo, zelo in v Europej, in zelo v USA.  Mati vseh, ki dozvojez. Kaj so prednoпаšanje. Mati na del delivnje in del vsočnije. Način od vsočnije, da je zelo vsočnje boža na dojanje in milenijalno dopoje vsočnije. Zelo to, da so otvoreš Snagbolja, da so učiti tudi na 2015, po pomeč sniperne otvorešče, nekaj razilj, da jih zelo sa in srečjega zovečske organizacije svega, in od deltavne predladke bilo odprodovati malem movitem golu, vse je, da je pravduzštje, začala na 2015, 2015 scholar je veliko postaval出 actionable international agreements that have sort of science atmosphere base. If anybody has an idea what they might have been. Well, the STGs I've mentioned, the two others were the sender framework for disaster risk reduction Games after Sendai in Japan In to je početil 10-jih JoGo framework, JoGo in otroj town v Japani, za obvijasnje, v Japani je zelo však v reduzivnih rizkih delovih, in zelo však in zelo však in zelo však in zelo však in zelo však in zelo však in zelo však in zelo však in zelo však in zelo však. v sej delošnjih. Tudi v december, v Pariz, ki se naredi, da se zelo izgledali vzaj, da imaš dobrovacje in nekaj nekaj slah, prijez, nekaj zelo zapejnjali počkehovorj, in prihladali in izgledali zelo sece, svoj je zelo, počko, zelo sece呀 на дуigsу на Mount Гра. Ну, economy These events and other events. I think this is the year. Those were the hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, and then the Japanese tsunami here. So that was the on the vyspeš anyway, and then So nami here. So you'll see trillions of dollars worth of damage. And if you think the aid that goes into recovering post disaster has is aid that is taken away from all the other the goals that that we're talking about, you see that the challenges we have and why these different frameworks on climate change, on natural disasters and on the sustainable development goals so modno in tako se osedali.  And I just want to focus on this point G, which reads that the country should enhance the scientific and technical work on disaster risk reduction and its mobilization through the coordination of existing networks and scientific research institutions at all levels and regions with the support of this scientific and technical advisory group. And over here at ICTP, for example, we have Earth System Physics that works very much on earthquakes and other disasters and so on. Point G continues strengthening the evidence base. This is science, promote scientific research of risk patterns, causes, effects, disseminate risk information using geospatial information technology, promote and support the availability and application of science and technology in decision making. Science is embedded in the Sendai framework. Science for decision making. And we'll come back to this point also. The second framework, the climate change, agreed in Paris the end of last year and on Earth Day this year, it became formally legally binding when more than 55, in fact 174 countries signed it straight away. Climate change, so it's due largely to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but not only, and we need to start reducing the amount that we have in the atmosphere. We need to sort of get our climate back under control to avoid possible runaway greenhouse conditions, as well as the sort of the more slower paced effects that we have on the adaptability of organisms, shifting ecosystems, biodiversity changes and so on. Just here, I'm going to try and run a small video instead of showing you this slide. This is just, you'll see the coldest years, or I think it doesn't make me pointing, the coldest years are in green, and you'll see them showing up in the years, about 1880, up to 1900, 1910, and then you see it running through as we come up to the pre-war years. A lot of these temperatures are sort of average, it's not, they're hitting around the average mark around the 1900 to sort of 1940, coldest years, 1910, coming to the, between the two world wars, you see they're pretty much still cold, colder than the 20th century average, then about 1940, the industrialization starts really kicking in on a worldwide scale and the global average temperatures are increasing, and then we should see the first red line coming soon, I think it's about 1990, and the 10 warmest years are marked in red, they're 99, so, and then you see the years 2000, 2000, and to the current one, all the 10 warmest years, for example, are from 1999 to the present day, and actually this year already, every month has been the warmest month on record, but I think that sort of shows sort of more graphically than I can explain the situation with global climate change at the moment. Climate change, of course, also impacts on storms and floods, and you can again see the increase, from 1980, increasing effects of floods and storms, these things, they wipe out agriculture, they wipe out infrastructure, they destroy people's lives, people have to sort of rebuild everything from the beginning again, so you'll see that if we can mitigate against the risks of disasters such as these, then we can really start to focus on sort of the energies of the sustainable development goals. SDGs themselves, they were signed into action on the 25th of September, last year, and there are 17 of them. Again, if you look at these, there is science rooted in all of them, science in combating poverty, in developing agriculture, better methods of, better agronomical techniques, higher yielding crops, protection against pests and diseases, obviously science in good health and well-being, in medicine, vaccines, preventative medicine, good science education, gender equality will come to clean water, energy, infrastructure, inequality, sustainable cities, economy is reusing waste materials and responsible consumption, climate we've just mentioned, life below water, life on land, and partnerships. I'll stress that to achieve any of these, partnerships between international organizations, national organizations, national government system, the UN system, national governments, regional governments, it's important for everybody to get engaged, but particularly the scientists, I think. They run from 15 to 230, another 15-year period, so those of you who are just perhaps starting out with your PhD, your post-doc careers, a large part of your scientific career will overlap with trying to achieve the sustainable development goals. In fact, a large part of research funding, development funding, if your area of science touches on them, then considering the sustainable development goals in your proposals and in your career, your research path can also be a huge benefit to yourselves. And then, they're also very interlinked, as you'll probably guess, so just an example, the goal for health is this, the green one number three, which you'll see from this leaflet, I've scanned here that health touches on all the others, essentially, and it goes on, down, and down, I just picked out this as an example. OK, so we do the science, we have great results, we want to ensure that these results are utilized, we want them to be taken up, we want to convince governments, so look, this can solve your situation, I have the answer to whatever problem it might be, I can purify water in the desert, or I can put an electric system, renewable energy system in a remote village, how do you get your research to the public, to the people that need it? And we like to think that we can provide scientific advice and we can affect this policy cycle, formulation, decision-making, implementation, monitoring, and that circles around, but science isn't the only voice out there, public opinion, no politician in the world that would not take probably public opinions ahead of scientific advice, there's a classic case, for example, of genetically modified crops in Europe, the science shows they're safe to grow, they're safe to eat, public opinion says we don't want them, and so there's more or less zero genetically modified crops in Europe, again, public opinion feeds into all the different parts of the policy cycle, we have political input, of course, your party, your political party, your political beliefs, they impact on the different parts of the system, analysts, they'll have this, they too, the private sector, oh, you don't want to go against big business and so on, and of course, there's lobbyists, there's environmental groups, there's others that all want to persuade governments that they have the answer, so not only the scientific input have to compete with all these other inputs, but the decision-making part, the policy implementation, it's left to the governments and they have to really decide which bits to take and which bits to take forward, so it's a bit of a nightmare, if you like. Let's take one example of water and how science can help and perhaps how science struggles to help. Thirsty, I'd like a drink of water, I can go to the tap, I can go to the bottle here, it's very simple, I can take a drink, it's not difficult. I want to take a pipeline of water that have a reservoir, I want to give it a little town, small village water, so everybody has in their homes enough water to wash, to cook, to water their vegetable patch, whatever. It's complicated, but we can do it. A few engineers, a few technicians, a little bit of science, we can do that. What we're not so good at is modeling really complex systems. OK, we have rainfall, we have mountains, we have melting ice caps, we have rivers, rivers that may pass through different countries, different regions, we have aquifers underneath, we have people that want to use the water for industry, for household use, for agriculture, maybe there's people quite happy polluting this water with runoff from agriculture, maybe there's people that want to fish and eat the fish there, maybe there's people that like to go sailing and would like to keep a nice pristine environment for them and their children. There's a whole host of scientific factors, of social factors, political factors that go in just a single watershed. This is where science is not so good at explaining what is going on. In fact, they call these things wicked problems. This sort of cartoon illustrates what's going on. There is a disconnect sometimes between the scientific community and the political community. Even back in 1973, just to explain this paper, I Rital and Weber, the search for the scientific basis of confronting problems of social policy is bound to fail, very pessimistic, because of the nature of the problems. They are wicked problems, whereas science has developed to deal with tame problems. Tame problems are those simple and complicated, but not the complex wicked problems. This is where we have to sort of try and move forward and break down some of these barriers and move our input into the political debate, if you like. OK, so moving on, I said I would talk about some of these organizations that are based here. We're hosted at ICTP, these three organizations. Let me talk first about IAP. But all three organizations are really interested in developing science, developing science in developing countries, and really getting science to be used more and more in the development process. Vest, the idea is if we invest in science and technology at a sort of grassroots level across the board in all the countries, the country can sort of boost its own economic growth and national development, and we will reduce poverty, have food security for all. If we remove poverty, educate everybody, we'll have more equitable society as a fairer society. IAP itself is a network of more than 130 academies of science, or we have, for example, the Royal Society in the UK, we have the US National Academy, we have the Chinese Academy of Sciences, but we have those also. We miss a few, especially in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa, but pretty much a global network. We also work with four regional networks based on each of the continents and regions, and we have a dedicated subset of these academies and medical academies involved, really addressing global health worldwide and the Sustainable Development Goal No. 3. Academies are considered because they have the top scientists in the country, they are credible, and they are also independent, usually they're funded by governments, but given independence from the government so that the advice they give is not sort of along political lines or anything like this. So, and this is one of the main reasons each academy in their own country is dealing with national issues and so on, but coming together as IAP, we can also deal with global issues, with regional issues. We like to take the latest evidence, the latest scientific information and sort of put that together in reports and so on and with recommendations that we can give to the politicians, to the decision makers. An example of some of the ways that we do it, short two or three page statements on topical issues. This one on hearing loss in healthcare and this was released in 2015 on International Ear Care Day, so we really tried to make a join with the World Health Organization and make a splash on that day. Synthetic biology and antimicrobial resistance, so all issues that are sort of topical at the forefront of some of the discussions going on in the World Health Organization and in the cases in synthetic biology, there was discussions in the Convention on Biological Diversity, should there be a moratorium on this, these new techniques in biotechnology. Had also a parallel paper in nature sort of explaining what was in the statement and why we'd done it and so on. I'm saying that this was the main course, but I can say that the Convention on Biological Diversity did not enforce a moratorium on synthetic biology and they preferred to go ahead with sort of a responsible attitude to research that it could be dual use as well. This could be used for good and it could be used for not so good purposes, if you like. And this is also one of the ideas of IAP, you see, we've been doing this longer, like thick volumes, 200, 300 pages. In this case, we were commissioned by the UN itself to review the processes of the IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. They themselves produced these reports every five years. The one, two reports ago, they were quite heavily criticized of their review process, so the IAC Interacademy Council, it's part of the IAP now, did a whole review of the process and we touch on how research should be carried out, what are the ethical issues that need to be taken and so on. So this is how we try and strengthen the global research enterprise and get science moving in the right direction together. To, like I've mentioned, our regions, the second year of Nasek in Africa, Yanas in Latin America, these are all producing regional reports, much more topical, much more focused for different parts of the world and touching on food security, touching on life below water, safe drinking water and sanitation and all the issues that are there in the sustainable development goals. We've also engaged, as I've mentioned, most of these international frameworks, conventions, study of biology, has also touched into this convention on biological and toxin weapons based at the United Nations in Geneva. We have even a working group that sort of provides sort of expert input into these meetings of the biological and the biological meetings of the biological and toxin weapons convention. And as a follow-up to our responsible conduct in the research enterprise, last, earlier this year, actually, we produced this book. It's a teaching guide of responsible science. So you can download this from the site here. You can buy hard copies also. And it's a guide for students, for lecturers, for teachers on the dual-use research and on how to get the best benefits from the research that is being done and feed into those sustainable development goals. It's not so bad. Okay. Let's come back to TWAZ then. That's TWAZ, stands for the World Academy of Sciences. Then they're focused very much on capacity building in science in the developing countries. They really want to boost the research base in those countries, get more scientists, working, living in those countries and working on indigenous, on national problems, national challenges. Focus, some of their, not all of them, most of their programs are focused across the board on developing countries. Some of them are focused on a subset of 81 so-called science and technology lagging countries. There are also 48 least-developed countries that are a special target and a special concern. A lot of these are in Africa. 34 out of the 48 are in Africa. Many of the others are just small islands in the Pacific and so on. Africa itself has its own challenges. It has 14% of the world's population, more than a billion people. It's going to double by 2050 so, during our lifetimes, I hope, that population of Africa is going to double. The population of Africa is going to need double the food, double the water, double the jobs. Everything is going to be increased by 100% in the next 34 years. It also has a very large youth population that is also going to double or more than double by 2050. It's already locked into the system, more or less. These are an amazing resource. Young persons are resourceful, they're inventive, they can be entrepreneurs. But in order to do that, in order to make, allow them to contribute, they're going to need teachers, teachers in universities, teachers in high schools. More scientists coming through the system to be those teachers. They're going to need teachers in primary schools. You can see already at the current snapshot, some countries have a 60-to-one pupil to teacher ratio, others more than 40-to-one in large parts of Africa. Imagine what kind of education, only very few kids probably will survive and sort of start flying if they're coming through this kind of schooling. We're also, through IAP, one of our projects is to promote this idea of inquiry-based science education, trying to improve school curricula, so science isn't learned by road, science is learned by getting your hands dirty, by figuring out things for yourselves, by working in teams. And companies more and more are saying, these are the kinds of skills that they need for their employees to have in the future, problem-solving, teamwork, and so on. So we think improved science education can help develop these talents that the businesses and big companies are working for. The current situation of PhDs in Africa, less than 100 per million population, see there is a bottleneck, if you like, for teaching the next generation of students coming through. We want these people to be teaching, we want them to be doing research, we want them to be growing the research community, but we really need to start trying to help these countries get more and more people into the system. Africa, I said, had 14% of the global population, but only 2.4% of research publications. So you can see that this sort of deficit, the challenge that Africa has. And of course, any of these publications are joint research, not necessarily focused directly on African problems, African challenges that are needed to tackle the development goals. Abdu Salaam a quote that he says, he talks about the underrepresentation of scientists, the underutilization of scientists in developing countries. But here, the goal, he says, must be to increase their numbers, the number of scientists, because a world divided between haves and have-nots of science and technology cannot endure in equilibrium. It is our duty to reduce this inequity. So this is why he founded ICTP. He was also responsible for founding TWAS, and it was his sort of lifelong goal to work on. He felt it really was his duty to redress this inequity. TWAS itself has a number of programs aimed at reducing these inequalities, sustainable goal 10, PhD training, human capital mobility. So this is another broad range of exchange programs. I hope you'll take a look at their website. I'm sure there's at least one of the programs here that will suit you. Research supports, research grants, money provided for equipment, for opposable materials and so on, chemicals, everything you need for your research project, and then honoring excellence, a series of prizes and so on. So all these programs, funding available for scientists in developing countries. One to touch on, one of the largest one is our PhD fellowships program, South-South. Some 600 fellowships available a year, and they're hosted in countries with excellent laboratories in China, in India, in Malaysia. You see, South Africa is just come on board in Brazil, Mexico. So you can, you or your students can travel to these countries, do a PhD, come back home and really start to contribute to your country. Women, we have the OST organization also here at ICTP, Organization of Women in Science for the Developing World. A large part of what they do is also PhD fellowships for women scientists, largely from the least developing countries, but also the other countries in sub-Saharan Africa. And one of the problems is, fewer and fewer women, as we go along up the Korea ladder, women get sort of less and less representative, representation at each step, we call it the leaky pipeline. So we can fewer and fewer women rising up to reach for professors, to reach decision-making positions, to reach head of faculty. And if you recall the sustainable development goals, there was gender equality in there and more equitable societies. So the OST is really trying to contribute to this. Do it, this is one remarkable lady from Nigeria who had to defer on her fellowship to go to China because she got pregnant. OST allowed her to take her time, so just, you see, four months, the baby was born in May and four months later in September she was heading off to China to resume her PhD studies. Even possible, it certainly happened before, I don't know with this particular lady, but they leave their baby with their grandmother and they go away for three years to their PhD, they come back and carry on their family lives. There's some incredible stories from OST. This is last year's data, so now they're approaching 200 graduates, they have maybe 150 people right now in different countries and they're taking their PhDs. The countries, they're from all the countries in blue, but they're hosted largely in South Africa, but also China, India, Brazil and so on. So again, a South-South system had fellowships to people from a whole range of countries, obviously trying to focus more and more on these countries here and the LDCs in particular. One graduate, they're joining with a class of Chinese fellow students on graduation day, so it's a nice positive image. Last thing I want to talk about now is this thing called Science Diplomacy. It's another program of TWAZ. We all know science diplomacy. I presume we all practice it at least at home, if not elsewhere. We're familiar with international relations. Is anyone familiar with the term science diplomacy as two words together? No. I don't think probably that's been going on for hundreds if not thousands of years. Countries have been talking to each other. Countries have been sharing resources, making deals, science technology, whatever has been at the basis of some of that. But it was really in 2009 with this sort of Royal Society report that the modern day definition, if you like, was concretized. And it's a sort of three-legged definition. Science in diplomacy, they talk about informing foreign policy objectives with science advice. So that's always like the climate change science feeding into your delegation that's at the climate change negotiations in Paris, for example. Diplomacy for science. This is where countries come together, agree diplomatically, politically, to help science. ICTP is a great example of this. It's set up by Italy, but with support from other nations. You can think of the CERN, the synchrotrons and so on, the square kilometer array that's being built in South Africa and Australia right now. These are all diplomacy for science. And then there is science for diplomacy. And this is perhaps where international relations between two countries are not as strong as they might be. Perhaps they're even broken, but scientists at the more grassroots level are still working with each other, still talking to each other, still developing sort of joint collaborative programs. And perhaps there are still scientific visits. One example is a delegation in USA went to Iran and came back with examples of how healthcare in Texas could be improved, for example. In Cuba, before relations were sort of bumped up to the sort of the level that they are since just the last few months, there's been frequent delegations of American scientists going to Cuba to talk about sort of marine biology, oceanography, some of the sort of shared issues that the two countries have, but we're not sort of on the high political radar at the time because of the severe rupture in diplomatic relations that's been there for 50 years or so. So that's where science can ease sort of higher level diplomatic relations. Topics for science diplomacy are all those transborder issues, transboundary issues, climate change, nozno boundaries, pollution often goes out of one country and into the next. Biodiversity, including fisheries, water management rivers often flow through different countries. Immunicable diseases, we can think now of the border outbreak in West Africa where countries needed to come together, coordinate responses and so on. The Zika virus outbreak, we need mechanisms of sharing information of working together collaboratively to try and find solutions. There are other sort of transboundary issues as well. Science has been hosting workshops on these issues even before the SDGs were put in place in the last few years. Each of these four workshops has targeted a particular sustainable development goal, whether it's clean energy, sustainable fisheries talking about life below water, climate change and agriculture, life on land and sustainable water management, number six, clean water and sanitation. Of course the SDGs are all interlinked so you can talk about responsible consumption, zero hunger and so on. Nadian guy, Darryl Copeland, he was speaking at one of our science diplomacy workshops that we hold in Trieste. A quote from him is that despite many countries massive expenditure on military resources, the major challenges facing the world today are climate change, emerging diseases, poverty. They can't be solved by military intervention and science diplomacy has to be part of the answer. Getting countries, getting people, getting scientists and politicians and diplomats working together to solve the different issues that are there in the sustainable development goals. I think partnerships for the goals, I hope I've demonstrated that here at ICTP, IEP, TWAZ, other international organizations we are working together to try and tackle these. I think for me number 12 is a critical one responsible consumption and production and if we can tackle this and address no poverty then because of the interlink nature of all the others we'll get to a point where we're really making progress over the next 15 years on all these goals. Like I said, science has an important role to play on this and I hope that during your careers you will all contribute in one way or another.


We are here with Guillermel Crisquillo, a great friend, a brother. He's a pretty expert and founder of Next Interactiva. And he's a three times winner of the award for educational, for the educational category in 2013 for Best Overall Design in 2014. And um, 2018 was four? Yeah, no, 2018 was most innovative years of the two. Excellent. When you created that spectacular game with Prezi, which is, can be asked as a certification when you ask questions and so on, I will make sure to add that Prezi to the article and the lesson once we are done because it's amazing. So thank you for inviting me for this master class. I'm happy I can share a little bit of my knowledge and today, especially, we are going to talk about Prezi Video. Let it go. Yeah, cool. So Prezi Video, it's a tool that allows us to show the content in the screen side by side with the presenter. Something like this, right? We can have, yeah. So basically I can have my presentation here, the content on the screen, and I can still be here in my camera so I can keep my eye contact and can keep the human connection while I present my content, right? Well, basically, it works the same way as regular Prezi, Prezi presentation. The presentation here, it's clickable, it's nonlinear, so I can just click in one of these four topics I have here, for example, click here in brand, and I can freely navigate through my presentation. And, well, you can get very creative when we are using Prezi Video, but there are some important things to consider when we are creating. We are designing a Prezi that will be used in the video format. I would like to just jump in in the Prezi Editor and show the difference. I would like to share some presentations that we created both versions, the regular and the video versions, and then I will show all the things that I consider it when doing the conversion. So basically, when we are creating a presentation inside Prezi to be used as a video, it's actually the same features. The biggest difference is how to position your content in the screen. I will show right here, I have the same presentation. This was a regular Prezi about the importance of human interaction, and it's actually, well, we are talking about an online society. So it's actually related to what we are talking about, right? It's also related to what we were talking before starting this session about Yordora being born just when the pandemic was starting, right? Yes. And how the common society is going to be influenced by this online interaction, so online much more comfortable than we used to, right? Yes, especially because I think that the online environment, especially after the pandemic, it's a new reality. I think that a lot of businesses will migrate to an online instructor. There's a lot of reasons for that. First thing, it's more comfortable. A lot of people, depending on what they do, they are more productive working remotely. And it's also less expensive because you don't need to rent a big office to accommodate your company. There's a lot of advantages. And also you can work with people from now around the world. There's a lot of advantages. Not forgetting the environmental impact that we not having to drive around all day and the time. I don't know. I live in Brooklyn. And when I get to go to the city to work with a client, a big chunk of that time goes into traveling while I could be using that same time to help the client. Correct. Yes. And so it's a thing that we are going to have more and more online meetings in the early future, right? Right. Yeah. Yeah. So the idea of a price of video is to try to have the same human connection, well, as close as possible to in person meeting. Well, basically it's what this presentation is about. We are not really going to talk about the content, but the idea is to show the difference of how the presentation was designed. So basically here, this is the version that was used for the regular presentation, the screen. You can see that all the elements and all the design is distributed through the entire screen. We are using this entire screen here. And when we navigate, yeah. Through the entire presentation. We use the entire screen, of course. We leave some white spaces in the borders and so. But basically this is the classic way of creating the presentation, right? Well, as it is a present, we try to keep always a visual connection between topic, between one screen and the next one. So for example here, we always have an element that is visible in both screens. So we have this visual connection. This is something really important. We consider when we are creating a present presentation and the same thing we do with a present video. Like this is the same version, the same presentation, the same content, but in the video form. Basically we just need to create all the frames exactly as I do in the regular presentation, but we have to leave some empty space that will be used by the presenter. Do you have parameters that we can follow to decide to define where and how much space to leave? Like for example, I see that in this case you left about half of the screen for the presenter. The first thing you have to consider is the content. If you have a lot of content in the screen to be shown at the same time, I mean, you have two options. The first one is the one that I recommend is to break down this screen in more screens. I recommend using half of the screen for the presenter and half of the screen for the content. So when you have a lot of content, the first option that I favor it is to break down in more frames and different screens so we can keep the same proportions for the presenter and half for the content. But if you have a situation that you cannot break down the content in more screens so you have a lot of information at the same screen, I would say two 30s for the content and one 30 for the presenter. Yeah, and also if you have a very simple presentation that have just keywords on the screen, you can use one 30 for the content and two 30 for the presenter. Of course, there are some different situations you have to consider the distance that the presenter will be from the camera. For example, for some presentations, maybe the presenter want to be in full body on the screen very far from the camera and add some elements to interact with. Some others just want to sit down close to the computer screen so you just see their face. So what you say is that if I stand far above from the camera, I will have more room for content. Yes, because when you are far from the camera our body is vertical right. But if I'm getting very close to the camera and that's how I want to work, then I need to consider that when creating this position. I use like a where I'm visible in camera but there is enough room for the content. Of course, I can also stand on a side and use that layout. But I can be on the center and have the content on the side, right? Yes, it really depends on the content. So I cannot say to always use the same proportion. What I would say is to really consider everything. Consider the presenter preference. Consider the content. Consider the audience and everything. Well, it's as important as the design of the presentation, the proportion between presenter and content. So here you are showing the edit screen for a normal prety. This is the prety with the full content. And what you are doing now is through the prety edit screen by clicking on create the video. You are going to work while looking at yourself on the camera, right? Yes. For everybody to understand, Guillermo, you can only, you can only, when you are on your computer, you can only broadcast one camera feed. So Guillermo turned off his zoom camera. So when he enables the camera on the prety edit screen, he will be able to. Yeah. So I just click here on create video to enable my camera. Hello, my camera here. And this is what happens. This presentation was not designed to be used as a video. So you see that the content is overlaying my face. You can also see an image here, right? That we use like a transparent, right? Yeah, yes, correct. We use that image in the original presentation to, well, to be part of the, the cover of our presentation. Right. So yeah, the presentation was not designed to be used as a video. So you see, if I try to do it, the content will overlay my face. And it will be worse than just sharing my screen. So I have here an option to adjust the content. If I click here, Prezy will do an automatically, but you see it didn't change too much. It just moved the topics to the right. And this, you see some texts are really small. Now, let me ask you a couple of follow up questions here. When you use the option adjust content, Prezy will arbitrarily send all the content that it can to a site. Is that for the screen you're working on that particular time or for the full presentation? For the full presentation. Okay. See, all the, all the screens were adjusted like that. The best way for doing this is to recreate the presentation in a way it's adjusted for a Prezy video use. The first thing we had to adjust was to change the image for the cover. So we use it the same concept, a group of people that they are in the same room. But the main image is transparent. And you have some browsers that you highlight people's face. So the idea behind it is to use a virtual environment to try to simulate they are in the same room, the same space, the same room, the same experience as meeting in person, right? The image we chose for the regular version, it was horizontal oriented. So first thing you had to do was to find the same concept, but an image that's vertical oriented as it's, as we are using just one side of the screen, the proportions are different. You have a horizontal image in the normal Prezy and you need to find a vertical display for the Prezy video, right? Yes, yes, correct. But then here you can see the difference for the content. I mean, you see that it's still the same presentation right? It's just organized it in a different way. So we have free space here for the presenter. Action. Yeah, this and this. Some important things to consider. If you look here at the original presentation, you'll see that we have some texts, text box that were placed directly over the background, right? Right. In Prezy video, we never do that. We always add an element like a shape behind the text. Why we do that? Because we never know how the background of the presenter will be. Right. Unless, unless you agree, unless you have a decision in the presenter and say, you, I will always have a white background or a dark background. So you can play with that. But that, but that limits how the person, how the Prezy video can be used because you will always need a dark background, for example. Yeah. Okay. So I would do the same thing here. I would click on create a video. Now we are in the version that we're designing thinking, especially for the Prezy video use. So I agree. Click a great video and I will allow my camera. And you can clearly see the difference, right? Now I have this free space to just to Kool-Aid to use the screen and all the content is organized in one side of the screen. Well, what I talked about the text box always having a background behind is to avoid things like that. If I just place my text floating in the background, for example here, well, the light is making my skin very white. So you cannot read this part of the text, right? And even if you were not that white, it will be difficult to read anyway. Yeah. For example, if you didn't have this, you'll see in my background, I have some picture frames. Yeah. It's, it becomes impossible to read the content. So for all the text box, I always add a shape, something to give more contrast, contrast, and then the text will be easier to read. Let me ask you a question based on the different implementations for the video that you have done and that I have done. What is your experience when it comes to the text, to the size of the text? Like, because there is people that will be watching, let's say that you are presenting on Zoom to 10 different people that are geographically distributed and some of them have a tablet, some of them are on a laptop, and some of them are on a phone. Have you found a way to get to a compromise between all the screen sizes when it comes to the size of the text or the visibility of the content? Yes. Well, this is a problem that we also, not a problem, but a challenge that we also have with a regular presentation, right? When you are sharing a screen, if you are not using press video, ensure your camera at the same time, but if you are just sharing the screen, you always have to avoid the small text. Not even for mobile, for people that are watching on mobile, but even in computers, if you have a text that is small, I think it would be hard to read. Like websites. Well, it's hard to say because when we are talking about press, we don't have points to control the size of the text, right? Right. And neither we have the option to dynamically set the size of the text based on the device. From a website, you can say on mobile phones, show the text at 10 points, and on desktop, show the size at 8 points. We cannot do that with press, right? No, you cannot. So, yeah, the recommendation is to use less text as possible as you are going to talk while you are presenting. Your speech should replace the text, right? You can use the presentation just for keywords. I mean, the visuals just for keywords and visual metaphors. Just for the audience, Guillermo is sharing the screen while also sharing with the video on, so it's normal for the system to lag because the video is on a loop for Guillermo. When you are with press video, this doesn't happen. No, yes. And also I have a lot of presentations open and here are new tabs, a lot of memory, I assume it. Okay, so when you really need to use some text as the content of your presentation, the recommendation is always to try to find the balance, not make it so big, but try to do a test. Yes, try to read the text from some distance, like five meters, and then you can test if you still can read it or not. Right. So take a distance and see if you can still read the text or try the presentation before presenting to the public, your audience, your stakeholders or prospects. Watch the presentation yourself and make sure that all your content is clear again, in different... Different device, yes. Yes, I agree. Good. Well, another presentation about remote themes, right? Basically the same thing here on the left, we have the regular version, the regular press. On the right, we have the press video. So as you can see here, we use the full screen to distribute the content. Our biggest difference here is that we made the computer much smaller and instead of having the title inside the computer screen, we added a box here. Well, do you remember what I said about always having a shape behind the text? The text. Yeah, maybe you would say, okay, but you don't have a shape behind how companies are, but I actually do. If I zoom in, you can see that I have a yellow shape. It's the same. You have it and it's the same color as the background. Yes. So when you look at the presentation like that, you don't see the box behind the color box behind the text because it's the same color as the background. Yes, correct. But it's here. And then here, I'll just go frame by frame just to show the difference. Can you enable the camera for the one on the right? Right, yes. Yes, but I need to open it in edit mode. So let me just click here again, create video, continue. I don't need to adjust my content because it was already designing. Right. So that's what I wanted to see. You have solid color background for that presentation, but when you present with press video, that solid color background is not seen. Is that what press video does? And if you have a picture on the background, will press video also ignore that background? Yes, actually we have a picture here. We have a very opaque word map here so we can answer your question. Here we are using a picture as the background. Same thing here. We have a picture. If I click here in background, you can see that we have a picture. But yeah, press video ignores your background. Even if it's a picture. Both color and an eventual picture. Colors, gradients and pictures. If we ignore anyway. You can see that the screen here on the right side is smaller but it's because I am on add mode so we have this sidebar here. But you can compare them. Now just show a few different screens to show the difference. So here first thing, we organize all the content in the right of the screen. You can see all the shapes behind the text to make it readable. Yeah, and it just changed a little bit. It's just the position of the content. This is the only difference. Basically users need to make sure that you leave room for yourself. Yes. Whoever is presented. Yes, great. Well, I would I will open another present video just to show also that we can use complex graphics as well. This was a presentation about the vaccines for COVID. It was designed when the vaccines were being developed and showing the different technologies that could be used to develop vaccines. So basically you have a few topics here. It's a very visual presentation. We don't have a lot of text. We just have graphics. But the idea is that we start to talk about what is COVID. First thing people make some confusion is that the name of the virus is SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 the name of the disease coronavirus disease 2019. Oh, I didn't know that. That's interesting.  Right? Here we talk about how are human when it's infected start to try to block the virus. I would not do a lot of details here. I know that you are not a doctor and that you don't. But it's very interesting how with images and you telling the story can make it so much more amazing, comprehensive complete where I can see visuals the visual metaphor, but I also have to keep a connection with you. You are talking on screen, so I'm connected to you and you are telling the story supporting that with visuals in a very specific way. This is amazing. Yeah, and we also can use different ideas. For example, here the person that used the presentation I suggested something different, but the person didn't feel comfortable for doing that. But here, for example when we are talking about the virus infect the body, instead of having a human body image here I could just make the viruses appearing around myself. Right? So I would really interact with my content. But of course you have to check with the presenter, in this case it was not comfortable to give such a different presentation that would be something just to show you that you have a lot of possibilities. Here we talk that. The prevention measures is great that you can talk about the different ways to prevent or to mitigate the dispersion of the virus and that you can be telling that while at the same time keeping yourself on screen and keeping the connection with your audience while at the same time using visual metaphor to convey the message. It's excellent. Yes. So the idea for the visuals was to show that to have a lot of technology apply it behind the development of the vaccines. That's why we created this style. Excellent. I like it very much. I like how you use visuals to tell a story through visuals while you are actually telling that story. This is what I have to show today about press video. But of course I would be happy to answer any question you may have. Guilherme, thank you very much. This is amazing. Thank you for investing the time with me for our students and we will probably ask you to do a follow up on this one. Thank you for the opportunity. I am really happy to share something some of my experience with you. Thank you. See you next time.