All right, perfect. Welcome, everyone. I see some new faces there. That's good. We have a working doc. I will add that here. It's already in the invitation, but I want to make sure that you have that in mind. So, quick intro since we have new faces, we want to talk about spitting the the some faces in the analyzers, especially with the build and the analyzer face. The problem that we have is mostly that with various environments, it's hard for us to support all edge cases and all the cases in the world, like all the different versions of Python or Java or whatever, and the only way to achieve that is to have two-phase process. So, that's why we started to discuss that kind of things. And so the first node that I added to the doc is we have a customer that have exactly that kind of need. They have some Python project and dependency scanning is not working because we are missing some operating system dependencies. So, it's the same story over and over again. We need to provide a way to the users to provide their own environment, meaning their own version of Python, for example, and their own system dependencies that they will install. So, one way to achieve that is apparently to use the workspaces, but I'm afraid workspaces won't be around for a while. I see a 12.4 milestone in the issue, but I'm not so sure that it's going to be available in 24. Yeah. I think that's one thing that we've talked about. I don't know if we've said this before, but we could always work cross-functionally, and if it's so important to us, we could contribute engineering resources to verify its effort. But I think one of the big issues is that requires so much domain knowledge that we can't really, I don't know how much we can do to work on that portion of the pipeline to try and get that feature done earlier. Maybe I'm wrong. If anyone here has more experience with working on that portion of the code base, then it could be worth exploring. Yeah, that's a good point. If we want to find a work command, we need to find a work command that we can do before the actual availability of workspaces, otherwise it's not work. If we start to develop something that would lead to have something like the workspaces in the end, it's not very useful. Based on the fact that we don't know when exactly the workspaces would be available, and even if they would be available right now, they would not solve all the problems, especially with regards to the dependency injection. Even if we add workspaces right now, to give you a quick idea of what workspaces are, it's a way of stacking over the same environment again and again. It's pretty much what we want to do. So you have, for example, a Python environment and you install all your dependencies there, and you can use that as a kind of base image. And every time you run the job, it will use this very same environment, maybe add some more layers to it like you would do with the Docker bird, for example. But it's going to be shared between the jobs. So it's right in the middle of the artifacts, the cache, and the Docker images. The remaining problem that we have is, even if we add that, we need a way to inject, for example, the dependency scanning analyzer into this workspace. So my idea there, and that's what I want to explore today with you is maybe we could have something because we could have something in the middle. The problem that we have is we're trying to either start from a base image that is not ours or use some base image that is ours, but reuse that into the user's environment. So why don't we have something like in dependency scanning, I would have the base image provided by the user, and in the script or the before script, we would do the installation of the analyzer that we want to use it. It should be generic, but it could be also specific, like I want the Python analyzer, or I want the dependency scanning analyzer on the other hand. But by doing that, we should not rely on any of the system dependency. I think that's the case today. So it should work. It should not rely on a specific version of Python or Java or whatever. In this case, the user would have the ability to install their required dependencies like PostgreSQL, contributions, different packages, etc., etc. And then we ask the user to call the analyzer that we want. Yeah, similar to what Fabian was suggesting in the approach where we were just executing the analyzer within the context of the build job, like defining some steps, some scripts, actions, like what's the process to set up the analyzer environment. So yeah, it can work. It can work. And it's probably easier than trying to to mix two different base images. No, this is essentially releasing binaries, right, from what we talked about before. No, you don't need to have the access to a binary. Sorry, you mean just a binary for the analyzer? Yeah, okay. So it's like, yeah, it's a kind of multiple steps. So in start, it's just very quiz it. Download the binary of the analyzer and execute it. Yes, that's it. And then we were thinking like something as simple as just a curl to a script and a bash and pipe it to a bash or some other shell to make it a one liner. And here, if I understand here, the goal is still to have that in our specific job. So we can have a detailed script that could be easier to maintain. Just a quick thing to recap for me. So when the user, for instance, I remember we had lots of problems with Python projects. If a user of Python project initiates its CI pipeline, so different builds are these build steps that are required to actually build the application and to prepare it for SAS scaling. Are they different? Or is it actually the same build step that the user usually executes before building and releasing its application? So why asking this is that for me, it looks natural that all of the dependencies should already have been installed before scanning by our analyzers. So maybe I'm missing something. We are talking about adding the dependency of the analyzer itself here. These build steps are for installing the environment to run the analyzer itself. All the dependencies from the project build has already been installed in the build job and is exported into this base image that we are talking about. So we get this other of the build step, put that in a base image, load that image to run our SAS job. And from there, instead of having our base image containing the SAS analyzer, we just use the base image from the user. And in there, we add the script, like, install the SAS analyzer, then run the SAS analyzer. What could go wrong is for specific tools that need a specific environment, we might need to just reinstall some stuff. But I mean, like, we have a Python 2 project, but we have a Python 3-only compatible analyzer. This means the project is built within Python 2 and everything is installed correctly there. And then we have a base image on this. And then what we do is just install Python 3 and execute our analyzer in the context of Python 3. Said like that, it could just work. But I'm expecting some edge cases where, I don't know, maybe some of the analyzer will require runtime live execution of some, I don't know, crazy stuff. I think mostly about gymnasium Maven plugin because for Maven analysis, we have a gymnasium Maven plugin. So I don't think it's the case, but it could require Maven, I don't know, one, two, three, which we try to rebuild the project or at least try some Maven cycle commands, which might not be compatible if the project is not using that version of Maven. But I think those are very, very edge cases. So we might just don't bother with that right now. So if we were going to release our scanners as corollable binaries, then we would need to have potentially two different Python 2 and a Python 3 dependency scanning binary. And just like anything else, you could fetch the relevant one to scan your code. If we can, yes, that could be another option. And we can do that today. Like with our Docker containers, though. But I feel like we don't do that for a reason, which maybe it's just inconvenient. Because we didn't thought about that, maybe. And yeah, it requires a different name scheme for the images, probably make it harder to set up. Can you repeat that? I was fighting with Google Docs and getting crazy. Okay. So ignoring the entire working group we're doing right now, the proposal I was saying was right now if we have Python 2 and Python 3 issues, why don't we release a Python 2, a gymnasium Python 2, and a gymnasium Python 3 scanner? That way we don't have to worry about one scanner doing both. And in a similar way, if we're doing this approach where we expose a binary, fetch it, and a user runs it in their container, we still need to release multiple release versions. In some cases, that might have to be a different architecture too, like Windows versus Linux or something. But either way, we're going to have to support many different releases. Yeah. And yeah, the problem with that is we're only solving a portion of the problem. We're solving the interpreter or the compiler version in compatibility, but all the system dependencies, that wouldn't solve, for example, the customer case that I mentioned earlier on this meeting. Did you take a look at that point? I just added that the bottom of the doc, which is pretty much the opposite of what we're doing today. Not sure if it's clear for everyone. Yeah, I think that the issue is that this currently requires a user to be producing a Docker container for their build. Otherwise, what happens is maybe you just left that there for like quick sake, but it requires the image to be a user-provided image. And we normally, when we're all with workspaces, use a previous job instead, definition. Yeah, the idea is we do all the artwork in the template. What you're typing, Olivier, would be in the template, actually. We don't need that right there. That's the point. Yeah, you're right. It was for comprehension, but you indeed write this should be in the template itself. Just to explain that. Yeah. Okay, I just... I'm not an expert in Docker, unfortunately, but is there an opportunity to share some volume between Curl, excuse me, Analyzer Image, and User-Based Image? So the User-Based Image would have to, like, will have shared volume directory with all of the... It would be actually a working directory, and it will let us to maintain our current release schema of Docker images for our analyzers. Wouldn't it make us... Would it make it simpler? We won't have to shift our release model. We can't use module because we have an isolation between the Docker executions. The only thing that we could leverage would be the artifacts of the cache, which is actually the same. It's not a volume, per se, Docker speaking, but it's a kind of file system that you can share between the jobs. But even if we do that, the artifacts are limited, for example, to the current build environment, the current build directory. So, if you install anything at the OS level, it's not going to be part of the artifacts. We could use the cache for that, but I'm afraid it's going to... I've seen some edge cases where it would not work, because you would basically override the world current file system, and I think it's not going to work. And it's the only way to achieve that. But the idea that I want to discuss here is a bit different. It's... If the user doesn't provide a base image, we could use the default one that we have, for example, today, which is backpack-compatible. But if you have something very specific, like, I have a Python project with SQL2 in start, and I need for that, the postgres step package installed on the system, then we can ask the user, okay, you have some specific needs, you need to provide one image. The way to provide your image is here, you provide that image. The script would remain the same. Actually, in the templates, we would curve the binary, or actually, I was thinking of also apt-get install something. It should not be hard to provide IBM or Alpine packages that would work on many, many, many different distributions. It's not really that hard. I've done that in the past. And so, in the script, by default, we install the analyzers, we install all the files that we need in the image, whatever the image is, and by doing that, we also open the door to, okay, maybe you just have a base image that is Python 3-specific. If you need something even more specific, you can use a default script here. And apt-get install what you need there. By doing so, we don't need the workspaces. We don't need to update the CI, the runner, anything in GitLab. It's pure template and job magic. Does that make sense, what I'm saying? Am I missing something of use? It seems to be too good to be true. That's the problem. Can you please repeat that part when we are getting rid of the base image, the case when the user does not provide the base image? Yeah. So, the idea is to work the other way around. So, what we are doing currently is not what I wrote there. What we do is we have our image that we built and we put everything that we need in there, and then we use that image with the project of the user. So, we kind of import the project within that image and we run the analyzer on that. So, that's the problem because we use our image. In this case, it would be the other way around. So, by default, we would use that same image so that it's quite compatible. But if you are a user, for example, with a Python project and you use Cyco2, which requires PostgreSQL Dev to be installed, in this case, we could tell the user you have a specific need. You need to provide us, you need to give us a base image and we would do the rest. So, we are in the full environment of the user. We have the dependencies, the OS, the interpreter, all the compiler, the project itself, and we are injecting the dependency You're going to install an analyzer into the user image. Exactly. The only problem that it would create is, does the analyzer work in any condition, like I have a Python 2 or Python 3 interpreter, is it going to work the same? We might need to adapt the bits, but if we do so, we have everything in the rinse today to achieve these kind of things. We can also detect if it's a dbian-based OS or an alpine-based OS and run a ptget install if we have multiple files. It's probably going to be easier than cure because we don't have the support of binaries or releases right now, apart from the artifacts, but it's not super clean. Oh, you just put that in the repo. We did that before. You wrote that word, sorry? You just put the binary in the repository. It's not the best. Otherwise, we can also wait six minutes and Python 2 will be dropped. Well, that doesn't solve the problem of this. The aptget install PostgreSQL is that. There's no way today to achieve that. But there's also the issue of air gap systems, right? And so I was wondering if with this current approach, we would require a customer to post one of our packages elsewhere. And I was wondering if it would be possible for, so assuming that we can do everything in NPM, could we ship our own binaries in customers NPM registries within GitLab? I don't think so. That would be the same as for shipping the Docker registry with pre-installed images, maybe. That's a good interesting idea, by the way. Right. Maybe it could be part of a setup script to pull some images or to install some images there, but that's a definitely interesting way. Because there will always be that issue. And if customers want to avoid, currently, we just say you need to host our Docker image. But for the binaries, we need another solution for that as well. And honestly, it's a bit easier for customers to retag and re-host a binary on an internal registry. But if I were to tell a customer, like, yeah, I just hosted your own binaries, I mean, everyone probably has a CD, it seems more awkward. I don't know. Speaking about binaries, I wonder, are all of our analyzers can be just expressed as a single binary? For instance, our Python analyzer, isn't it a collection of scripts or maybe like, I haven't honestly dive into the repo, but I feel that we need to be sure that all of our analyzers actually can be compiled in a single binary. And I'm not sure about that. No, because most of the analyzer is a binary, but it's just calling system commands. So we're basically rehashing an issue that we worked on a while about called leveraging existing builds where the solution that we came up with was basically what we're doing today. But I did look in that briefly and there's a tool called Packager, which is basically a way of just including static files in a Docker binary. It just pulls the files in. So we could do something like that, but it's pretty messy and it doesn't quite include everything. We basically have to include entire runtimes in a single binary. There is a way to go to include assets directly in the binary, but I'm not sure it would be super nice because if you do that, it's mostly for assets when you do that kind of things. When it comes to, if we have any system dependencies not going to work because some of the dependencies, they require some very specific rights on the file system or very specific path on the file system. So I would definitely push in the direction of having DBN or L-Pine packages instead of a single binary. If we have a single binary, that's fine. But anyway, it's something that we can iterate on because if we have the control of this script, which is the case, if we add that to the template, then we can start with the binary and use whatever we will suite on it in the future. That's why I like that it's retro-compatible. We use the same base images as today and project analyzers. That's something that we could try. I don't see any case where it would not work out of the box. I don't know why we haven't thought of that before. So the option we choose as our primary option to go next for is packaging our analyzers. I mean, Linux packages. So that's one thing. Another action item that we can take today is we need to go through each of our analyzers and explore splitting out the build and scan stages. If we essentially wrap all build stages in a command line flag or an end bar, then it will make it easier for us to transition away. So as part of the move towards splitting, one of the actions we can take today is to start refactoring our analyzers to make it optional and then eventually pull in that binary or pull in that other part of that. I would say in this case, we can detect if we need to run the build. In this case, we would run it like what we are doing today. If it's not working, that's a shame. That's exactly the problem that we have. Because we're not going to create new jobs. That's the problem. We need to have something that would be backward compatible. Otherwise, we will create something for 13.0, which is the next major in May next year. I think that if we can make that retro compatible, we can have something before the end of the year, which will solve the problem. So refactoring the analyzers and what was the other action? Oh, binary. O2 package. Stand alone in the analyzers. All right, we are out of time. I would like to carry over one more action from I think last week or the week before too, which is like we should look at the link that you shared at the beginning here for our customer. We should target a real-world use case for this. So instead of a figure out how to ship standalone analyzers, maybe figure out how to ship the gymnasium Python analyzer standalone. So we have a more actionable step. I also feel that there is plenty of information to collect across all of our analyzers and also example projects. So we need to choose a yes or the place where all of this information will be collected, like in the description of an epic or description of an issue, maybe in some tabular data, what analyzers already support, detecting the need for a build step, what analyzers do not. So all of this information will be in front of our eyes to easily navigate it and to easily understand what is the current status of this research. Do we have an epic or an issue for this initiative? I don't remember. We have the domain issue, so we can probably start from there. You'll never find it again. All right. I'm going to stop sharing now. Well, that was useful. I will update the issue with all of this, and I will keep you posted. Thank you very much for your collaboration and suggestions. See you next week. Bye.


How do you pronounce the following words? Do you say beer, hair, or sure? Well, if you do, then you come close to received pronunciation and do not have to watch this micro lecture. Do you say beer, hair, or sure? Then you use some sort of North American accent and do not have to bother either. But if you say beer, hair, or sure, then you have a strong German accent and might be interested in getting rid of it. So what happens when Germans say beer instead of beer? The problem is that these words all end on orthographical R or RE. And in German such words are realized either by means of an unstressed low vowel as in mutter or by means of a down gliding diphthong as in beer, mere, or natura. In received pronunciation by contrast, the final R is either realized by a schwa as in mother or by an in gliding diphthong as in beer, hair, and sure. And in some special cases by a mid-high vowel as in sir or her. This difference between received pronunciation and German can only be avoided through intensive pronunciation training by permanently reminding oneself if there is a final orthographical R in written English, use a final schwa in pronunciation either unstressed in isolation or as an offset of an in gliding diphthong. This shouldn't be too problematic for Germans at all since the schwa is used in German too in words like Flieger or in plural forms like Hunde, Kühe, and so on. Take the following present-day English sentence to practice. There sure, their beer was under her chair and avoid lowering the schwa. I hope my advice helps and you will no longer find it difficult to produce present-day English words ending on orthographical R.


I wanted to join the pre-med club but I was laughed at by the pre-med advisor at the time because my GPA was so low. She told me medicine was probably not something that I would be able to do. Hi, my name is Adana and some of you may know me as I experienced this far in PA school with weekly videos on YouTube. And I know many of you have been following my True Life series where I introduce you all to different pre-PAs, PA students and actual PA's and give them the opportunity to share with you all their experience and insight on their different paths that they're on right now. So on my YouTube channel, I get a ton of questions about GPA. Does my GPA even matter? Adana, I have a 2.9 GPA. Is that enough to get me into PA school? Or hey, Adana, what is the best GPA that I can have that will guarantee my spot in a PA program? And I do my best to answer that question for you guys through some of the videos that I've made already. But once I heard this story, I had to share it with you guys. I want to introduce you guys to Samora. Samora is the PA student that is featured in today's documentary and she has an amazing story. I know that you guys are going to be inspired. She is going to talk to you guys about her experience in getting into PA school. And she talks about GPA and what GPA she had. And let me stop because I don't want to give too much away. But she talks about the GPA question. And so if you have any question whatsoever about GPA and PA school, this is for you. So stay through to the end the entire documentary. Listen to all of Samora's story because this is for you and I know that you will be inspired. Hi everyone, my name is Samora. I'm a PA student coming up to the end of my first semester. I am originally from New York, moved to Virginia, and I'm currently in Arkansas now in school. I have two brothers, one sister, who I love dearly. And growing up it was always, it was always told that I had to be an example to my siblings. My parents were definitely a lot harder on me to do well in school and also to be a good Christian. My parents are both from Haiti. And so if anyone knows any Caribbean families or you are Caribbean, you know that I grew up in a very strict household. On top of that, my father was a real strong believer. We grew up seven-day Adventists, which is Christianity. But I went to a seven-day Adventist school for most of my childhood, which means most of my friends were seven-day Adventists. I didn't really have any friends in the neighborhood. I was seen as weird by a lot of the kids in the neighborhood because they didn't really know me. I went to school, I came home, did my homework. My father usually had extra learning for me to do, which was 25 words from the dictionary or learn about a planet. He really wanted me and my siblings to just be the best that we could be. So I went to private school up until 10th grade, I believe, and going to public school was a shocker because I didn't really watch TV or secular television. So I didn't know what was cool, what TV shows, what was the cool music, or even how to dress.  So when I entered public school at 11th grade, I was basically an alien. I was picked on. People only talked to me if they wanted me to do their homework or copy from me. It was an adjustment, but it was at that moment when I joined the real world that I realized that I was different and I didn't want to be different. Even though I was 15 or 16, I knew that if I wanted to be a regular person, I didn't want to be different. I needed to get out of this sheltered lifestyle that my father created for me with good intentions based on his beliefs and how he was raised, but I wanted something different. I wanted to just learn everything that I could. So in 11th grade, like most high school students is when you have to start picking your colleges. I decided that I was going to go to wait to school. I was going to apply to schools that were either away or apply to live on campus so that I could just be my own person. And I knew that my family wouldn't be happy with it, but I figured they would be mad and then they'd get over it at some point and then they'd just be proud of me because for me it wasn't getting away so that I could party or do drugs or any of the other things that people do in college. I really just wanted to be independent and see what life was like outside of this home that I just was allowed to go and leave from every day. So like I said, I went behind my parents back and the college process, I had to ask my father for help here and there but mostly was my guidance counselor. I'm probably really sure I lied. Like, oh no, my parents are cool with me applying to this school and that school. So my guidance counselor really helped me with applying to colleges and I was starting to get acceptances and I kept them. My father would ask me and I'd be like, I didn't hear from anything because I was trying to wait till the last minute to tell him where it was that I was going to go. And so that moment came because he's not an idiot, he knew that I had to have heard back and so this is when I told them that, hey, I got into a few schools, two of them were out of state, one of them was in state in New York but it was about an hour and a half away from my home in Long Island and so I figured that would be the best choice because I could live, I was far away enough to not have to commute back and forth from school but I was close enough if I did want to go home so I made the decision to attend that school and so I told, it was CW Post Long Island University in case anyone wants to know and so it came time to tell my father, my parents and I said, hey, I'm going to go to post but I'm going to live on campus and that did not go well at all. It's like, what are you talking about?  I was like, no, I really want to live on campus and so he told me that if I decided to defy him in this way that he would not be in my life anymore and I know to some of you that may be extreme but growing up in my father was raised to believe and his belief is that a woman should not leave her house before she's married I should stay under the safety of his guidance and his home and so what I was doing was basically defying him in his eyes and so I told him okay but I was steadfast I knew I really wanted to, I was going to do this so in August when it came time to move to school I packed myself up, he told me he wasn't going to help me move and I moved myself on campus. The first few weeks my mother or my father didn't talk to me it was hard but I really thought that they were going to get over it in the meantime college was awesome I was making friends, I lived in a suite actually one of my very best friends to this day is a girl that I met my first semester in school, Afiza who's also a PA, a great PA in the Bronx in New York and so I was, I loved it I was involved in clubs, I was meeting people from other where some were, some believed in God, some didn't but it was the learning experience to me that college is awesome I think it was amazing for me and for anyone that's grown up the way that I did it's great to just be exposed to so many different things It came time for the holidays so we're now in November where we are now and I called to let them know that I was coming home for Thanksgiving even though I know we hadn't really kept in communication up until that point but it's Thanksgiving it's a time for family, I was looking forward to going home to mom's cooking and I should note that I kept trying to I would always call and leave messages from my parents and they wouldn't return my phone calls and I just figured out they're still mad but a week before Thanksgiving break I got a phone call from an aunt of mine who let me know that my father no longer considered me his daughter and although that she disagreed with his decision that she didn't think it would be a good idea for me she thought I would be hurt because my father's a very stubborn man so I knew that if that's the way that he felt if I were to go home he would not open the door for me and I don't think I could handle that so here I was a freshman in college now learning that the only family that I knew because again I grew up so sheltered all I had my siblings were my friends my mom was my friend those were the people that was home and coming up on the holiday season I had no home to go to and that was very strange I don't think I realized how much the being this own so to speak from my family really affected me I think I was just like well this is awesome I don't care I'll be fine but spring semester started and it just really hit me it was like I have no family and I wasn't doing well in school I just wasn't motivated to study anymore I started off I always knew I wanted to work in medicine I think I hadn't heard about the physician assistant field yet so I was hoping to get into med school so I was in all these bio classes but I was not doing well in them I went to CW post for my first semester but I had applied to go to Stony Brook which is another school some of you may know because I have a med school and a PA school and I got accepted to Stony Brook so for my second semester I actually transferred to Stony Brook Stony Brook that's when things went downhill C's, if I was lucky and those were in the easy classes like the English but all my hard sciences I was getting D's and F's and if anyone knows Stony Brook it's a huge university so it's really hard to have that one-on-one guidance I had an advisor but she wasn't advising me to stop enrolling in other classes or that perhaps I should take a break from school and back then you registered yourself and the system no matter if you had failed Bio 101 you could register for Bio 102 it didn't stop you from registering because I was getting D's and you really shouldn't take the second part if you failed the first but I was allowed to register for it so this went on for about two semesters I believe I was suspended first is the way that it works and then I went to a community college took chemistry, pulled a C and that appealed to go back to Stony Brook and for some reason they accepted my appeal and I got back into school on probation and that last semester I believe we're up to four semesters now of me just getting bad grades that last semester I was officially dismissed from school because my GPA at this point it went from like a 3-4 maybe when I left CW Post to going into Stony Brook at the end of my semester being a 2-4 then it was a 2-2 then it was a 2 then it was a 1 it's amazing to me because when I look at that last Stony Brook GPA and everything, every class was an F my GPA was like a 0.9 for that semester which I did not even know was a thing but yeah I received notice at the end of that semester that I would no longer be able to attend school there and with the GPA that low no school I couldn't apply to go to any school even if I wanted to so here I was a girl that grew up smart so to speak right because I was doing well in school all through high school all through the first part of college semester or two education was important to me I knew I wanted to work in medicine and I had ruined my life I had ruined my future of becoming a doctor at that point or anything in medicine because who's going to let you in with the 0.9 GPA I couldn't even get back into school with that the only advice that the best advice my advisor gave me when she told me that I was dismissed was that I should probably take some time off from school to deal with my internal issues and then re-enter and choose a different major so that's where I found myself I think this was 2007 out of school, no family and whatever I think about the way that I grew up I think that I never had an identity and so my identity was what my father wanted me to be and so I think when I found out that I had no family I lost the only identity that I knew I was never allowed to form who Samora was going to be I didn't know myself so I guess you could say I was depressed but it was more so I was lost I didn't know what to do who I was, where to go and so I think with just those feelings of being scared and alone and really just lost you can't really focus you can't really focus enough to do well in science classes and although I had friends no one could relate I felt they couldn't relate some of my friends knew what was going on but they had their parents they had their siblings they had somewhere to go I didn't have any of that and I didn't know who I was so that period of time that I took off from being in school I really worked on who Samora was and I was fortunate enough to have great people in my life at the time that helped me gain that confidence that helped me find direction that helped me be the woman that I am today but it was just self-reflection and just defining who it was that I wanted to be and what my goals were what I wanted to contribute to life after getting hit out of school I needed money because I couldn't use scholarship money anymore if I'm not in school so I worked full-time not in healthcare yet I worked a long time for Starbucks which I loved working because I loved interacting with people and meeting people worked my way up to assistant manager but was also tutoring which is where I met the dean of the college that eventually let me back into school which was City College of New York I wanted to join the pre-med club but I was laughed at by the pre-med advisor at the time because my GPA was so low she told me medicine was probably not something that I would be able to do once I got back into school and knew that I wanted to be a PA but needed to work in healthcare I did vocational training to be a patient care tech and so I was working in healthcare as a scribe, as an M.A. I feel like I've had so many jobs and then also still in post-back and when I got rejected after the first time and I was still in a post-back but I needed to take more classes and I was faced with the decision of either doing a master's in science or a master's in something else that was health related and I chose to start a master's in public health because to me I'm very much of a planner and so I figured if I wasn't if I wasn't going to get into any PA school although I'm doing everything that I can let me choose the master's in public health because at least I would still be able to use that degree and work in healthcare to some capacity though I wouldn't be a clinician at least an MPH would allow me to do anything else in healthcare so I chose to do the MPH which I found out now that was a big part of the reason I was accepted into the school that I am now that they really liked that I continued my education and did well in that program as well so this most of my schooling and happened in New York but I was dating a guy my fiance now but he had to move to Virginia and at this point I was finishing up the MPH and when I was done with that applied to schools was still waiting to hear back I decided to join him in Virginia and he is an engineer by trade but kind of wasn't happy with what he was doing and we both talked about starting a business but it was going to be when I was done with school when he was done with school but we got this opportunity that kind of fell in our laps really to open up a restaurant and it was in a college park we were living in Virginia but the location was near the University of Maryland in college park and since I hadn't heard back and I was just confused as to where I was going to go in life we talked about it and I said let's just do it matter of fact I got to meet up with Adana and I got to show her the place so check it out on a day to day basis Radu and I changed our minds because this was a lot of work we knew we wanted to be later in life and then we were so excited by this we were like oh we're going to have a chain it's going to be great right now we just really want this to do really really well and then we'll see I'm just happy that we are doing well and I know I read a devotion this morning and it was talking about a season so right now this is his season managing it and your season is being in PA school and then when you come back for rotations you'll get many y'all reviews I'll be the first one I'll be like the fries were great Samora, write my name I just want someone to mention me somewhere Sure thing, absolutely Samora gave me great customer service So if you ever find yourself in the College Park, Maryland area near the University of Maryland Washington DC or Northern Virginia and you're looking for good ethnic food come check us out Pollo and College Park we do deliver and I'd love to have you try our food and let me know what you think I still remember this interview to this day I was super excited fell in love with the school and was placed on the wait list and did not get in unfortunately called that school and they told me more of the same just retake the GRE and at this point I was getting very very discouraged because I had post back I had to pay for out of pocket so I didn't have money to take more classes and I was working all the hours I could work to gain these hours that are required by schools so my third time applying I really paid attention to where I was going to apply It was a surprise to me I remember the exact day I was at the restaurant we were closing up I think we had just been open up for a month now so I was super excited involved, loved what was going on there and I get a phone call from a weird area code and I pick up the phone and it's the admissions director I forgot her official title and she's like Samora congratulations you've just been accepted to the PA program and I'm like huh what what I was like wait what what what's going on and she was more excited than me she was just like so I'm going to send you an email to make it official it's just I wanted to let you know what was going on and so I was kind of stunned and Radu my boyfriend came out from the back and he was like what's what's going on I was like I think I was just accepted to PA school he was like what I was like I know right and so we were both kind of just there like so what happens and then my phone banged and I got the email and I read it and I was like holy crap I start school in a month in two months because August 14th was the start date and I honestly it was something I wanted for so long but the timing we had just opened up a restaurant I couldn't leave I couldn't go to school in a month and a half like what was I going to do so I know it sounds crazy that I would even have to think about this decision but like I said I had already although I had applied back in the fall I got in all my applications early which you guys should too that does count and it does matter but I hadn't heard anything except for being interviewed early fall we were now in the spring semester and I hadn't heard anything back so in my mind my dream of becoming a PA was done and so to get this call to let me know that I was off the waitlist was surreal and I wasn't sure if I wanted to go because I had already closed off my heart and my mind from it and so I think the school gave me two weeks to submit my seat deposit and my decision if I was going to attend and so I discussed it with Radu my partner in this business and in life in general what it was that I really wanted to do and I decided to attend because it's something that I had spent the last five to six years working so hard on a dream that I thought was taken from me because of the mistakes of my past and because I was a non-traditional student but I just like what motivated me to get back into school I knew that I would regret it if I didn't move the timing was not perfect but a lot of times that's just the way life happens and so because I knew I would probably regret it for the rest of my life or would never get to see exactly what it was that feeling that I had that I've had since I was young that I meant to work in medicine I'll figure out how to pair these two now very different parts of my life but medicine has always been my passion my first love and so it was hard it was hard to leave the restaurant it was hard to leave my loved ones but I decided that I was going to accept the seat and attend PA school in a month and a half uproot my whole life and just move on down south took a lot of research but I went to every single school that CASPA had listed and I looked for schools that said holistic admissions or that they favored the last 90 credits higher than you know password credits so I had a very specific list of I think 15 schools and anyone can do this it's time consuming but if this is what you have to do so you don't waste money on applications and so that you can make sure your application actually gets looked at and so I said this is my third time applying I have this list I retook the GRE did better on it I think my I took the GRE three times and the grade that I submitted last I believe was a 313 so not terribly high but not low either and I received two interviews my third time applying and one of them led to an acceptance where I am now where I am today it's not easy I had this idea I have this superwoman complex that I'll be fine I'll find time to still do the administrative work of the restaurant because I'm not there physically but I thought it'll be fine I'll study and then I'll do all the things I need to do for the restaurant in the afternoon wow that's not how it worked out at all PA school is not easy you have to study a lot at least I have to but you know what after the first or second exam I think I went too hard probably shouldn't say that but I definitely killed myself trying to study because I really wanted to I really wanted to do I would rather do too much at first and then dial back and so after taking the first two exams and doing okay in it I kind of learned how much time I need to devote to studying so my schedule is we're in class most days from 8 to 5 I give myself an hour break and then I study anywhere from 4 to 6 hours depending on what exam we have that week but I typically take a weekend day off and I'll either just do something that's non-PA school related or something for the restaurant or I'll go I'm a real outdoorsy person so I'll go hiking or running or biking but I start every single day with exercise because that's the only way I can keep saying from all the things that we have to learn and the weekly tests but it's very doable just don't go into it thinking that you could still have a life because I have no life but that's okay because it's only for a year or so and then second year is here and it's all clinicals and what I've heard from my mentors in the class before me is that second year is a lot different vibe than the first year because you're not having to study as often so I'm about to end the fall semester I feel confident that I'll do well on my finals but it's doable and I'm happy I made the decision When I wasn't in school I knew that I had more to offer than just being a full-time worker I was working at Starbucks but medicine, everyone says this but medicine is something that I really feel like I'm meant for I'm supposed to help people and help people by being APA and so I use that belief in myself to take all these classes to invest in a post back to invest in the masters that I did because I really wanted schools to see that I understand I've messed up but I am capable of this rigorous program I am not the mistakes and the grades of my past I want to be this I want to contribute and I want to help people and so I remember that every time I had to study or every time I was tired from working two jobs it's like I'm meant for this and I have to show these people that I am so I use that to just get me through and study hard while all my friends were partying and joining the workforce as teachers and engineers here I was still in school just trying to get in somewhere but it all paid off believe in yourself no matter what people tell you because there's been a lot of no's in my journey but you just need that inner drive and that belief in yourself if you think you can do it then you can do it I wanted to tell my story because I don't think you can get any lower from being dismissed or having a GP that's not even a one when CASCO wants you to at least have a 2-5 or 3-0 if there's anyone that doesn't think they could do it or has been told no or maybe you have a situation like mine you can do it and I'm not going to lie and say it was easy because it took time it took me about since getting back into school in 2011 sorry I graduated with my bachelor's in 2013 we're now in 2017 and I got accepted now the road isn't going to be easy but if this is what you really want to do you can do it you take the extra classes you stay in touch with admissions teams you let them know that you are motivated and please ask me for advice I'm full of tips and things that I wish I would have known that I know now and things like that but please don't let anyone tell you no if you want to be a PA you will be a PA you may not get it on your first try on your second try but you just push forward during one of my interviews I met a girl that applied 5 times and I look at her like what? and she is the reason why I applied even a third time but I mean 5 times is crazy to some but why did she do it she's now in that program because she believed that she could do it so it sounds very cliche if you believe in yourself and you're willing to put in the work no matter how long it takes because a lot of people are like oh man I just need to start making money now you gotta ask yourself are you willing to put in the work to do this but please don't let anyone tell you no I'm living proof of that Adana's awesome I came across Adana from I think hashtagging black PA's or physician assistant whatever it was I found her page I thought it was awesome it inspired me and I'm in PA's school because I mean she's juggling a full family and still putting content for you guys weekly and so I said hey if I don't have the time to do it on my own and it was really important to me because I know this is a time of year where everyone's waiting to hear back from interviews if I can't do it on my own let me reach out to someone that I respect and think is awesome and see if maybe she could use this story on her with the platform that she's created so I reached out to Adana she also agreed that she thinks that I could really help someone because it's not easy this road even if you're a perfect student it's not easy getting into PA's school and so she said let's get together and do this and here we are oh my gosh you guys wasn't that amazing I told you guys her story was amazing and I hope that you guys are inspired as much as I am inspired I want to give a first really really quick thank you and shout out so much to Samora for just being so transparent and just being willing and able to lay it all on the table for us because her transparency has allowed me to be inspired and I'm pretty sure that many of you are inspired as well so please you guys go ahead and support Samora right now at her different social media handles that were left in this documentary and also if you are in the DMV area go ahead and hit up her restaurant because they have amazing food and you know support her in her business if you guys have not already done so go ahead and hit me up on Instagram at adanathepa follow me there and subscribe to my youtube channel at adanathepa on youtube as well I just want to thank you guys so much for watching this documentary and hopefully you guys were inspired to just do more if you have any suggestions on any other true life topics that you may want to actually see please go ahead and leave that in the comment section below and I will talk to you guys next time later Thank you Adana for letting me share this story like I've told you before I love your page I check in with it I check into your page probably every day or every other day because you give me motivation to keep going and I'm in PA school I just love that you always have a smile you always have kind words or motivation and to see you do it with everything that you're juggling I know I can and I'm in it so I just really thank you for actually replying to me and saying that yeah I think together we could help those people that are struggling and trying to get into school or just need that little bit of motivation to know look you can't be as bad as Samora if anything take that away while you're applying to schools and you're getting rejected just know that someone who was way worse than you got in so if that helps you get through the day then say if Samora can do it and she was terrible then I know I'll get in somewhere so yeah


I started working here in Manila once I graduated high school. I've been a domestic worker with an old couple. They have a grandchild, which should I bring to their parents in Doha, Qatar. They want me to pay all their expenses that we've been paid in the Philippines, like the airfare. My journey in Qatar begins when I do a lot of work as a laundry worker, a cleaner, a best conductor and a nani all at the same time. Governance is of major importance and this is really what's going to determine the outcome of migration for society and of course for the migrants themselves. I think it's really important when we talk about policy coherence not to think of it only across policy sectors but as well across governance levels. And I really want to emphasise the importance in particular of the role of local and regional authorities and cities in particular when it comes to migration governance. So the Committee on Migration Development as the subcommittee of the Regional Development Council. This is the area wherein local governments what the issues and concerns of their clients in their communities are being addressed at the regional level. We can make appropriate interventions and solutions for these issues and concerns that are being experienced by our overseas Filipinos. Our 1995 Magna Carta of Migrant Workers which pretty much lays down the legal foundation was a result of the hanging of one Filipino domestic worker in Singapore, Floor Contemplation. And over the years many of the amendments in the law were actually responding to many of the dramatic abuse cases of Filipinos. The Safe and Fair program in Asia is focusing on women migrant workers because labor migration in Asia is a big social phenomenon. The vulnerabilities are high. The cases of abuse have been repeatedly reported. I have three counts of sexual harassment there with my co-worker. My first meal in the morning is at 3pm. It's a hell, I said. I have been working two years in the hell. Objective number one of Safe and Fair. The priority of Safe and Fair in the next two to three years would be to really give technical inputs on the implementation and even review and reform of many of the existing laws. We can look at what's happening in the Philippines, which is a country really that has been doing a lot of really interesting initiatives in terms of bringing different stakeholders at local level, working together, understanding how migration impact a given territory and fitting that into local policy making, local decision making. And here we're talking about not only governance in terms of administrations, in terms of locally elected officials, but also very much bringing in civil society organizations, the private sector. So again, looking at it from a systemic approach. When I go back home, it's my happiest day, I think. My friend and also a former domestic worker invited me to join the union of domestic worker. After that, okay, I said I will attend some meetings. Then it began my journey to be an activist, a unionist. The main role of being a national president of domestic worker is big responsibility, of course. Right now we do more campaigns about the social security system and then helping migrant domestic workers also in distress. I think this is one of the good practices of the Philippines that the migration civil society groups recognize the role of trade unions. In order to organize and empower the migrants and then the women, trade unions have to be involved because they are the workers' organizations. They sit in the committee and they involve in all our projects from the sub-national up to the national levels. Our campaign, of course, the expanded maternity law. We are fighting for that for almost two years and then we won't, we won't the law. Caring also for the young workers, the next generation, I think. Because sometimes migration is the solution for them.


The last thing that we're going to look at in this review of vector operators for the study of fluid mechanics is going to be relationships between the line, surface, and volume integrals. We use this sometimes depending upon the nature of the data that you might have, but these can be very useful tools either for analyzing experimental data, numerical data, or even doing analysis. So we're going to begin with one that links a line integral to a surface integral, and this is referred to as being Stokes's theorem. So let's imagine I'll draw out our little picture here. We have some surface, and if you recall, we were doing a surface integral, or a line integral, I should say, of that little surface. We had a differential element, d little s, and there was some vector field that we were looking at. We'll say that is vector a, and given that this is a surface, we have a curve going around it, and so that curve was c. With surface s, we also have defined some differential element, and there is a unit normal vector, and then the area, the scalar value of the area, is differential element d capital s. So through Stokes's theorem, what it enables us to do is relate a line integral around that surface. So we might be evaluating a dot ds, and that's a little s in this, and that is equivalent. We can relate that to being an area integral, and the relationship would be if you take the cross product of your vector field a that you're performing the line integral on, and then you dot that into the area vector ds, and so when we look at this, the dot product on the left hand side of this equation is going to result in a scalar term. Dot product always gives us a scalar, and on the right hand side, what we're going to get here is going to be a vector, and that is then dot product into a vector, and we know that the dot product in the dot product is going to result in a scalar. So what we get out of this is a scalar on the left and a scalar on the right, and then this is sometimes used for evaluating the circulation within a flow field, in that case we replace a with the velocity vector v, but that is Stokes's theorem, and sometimes you will see that in analysis. The next one that we're going to take a look at is a relationship between a surface integral and a volume integral. So these are related, the surface and the volume integrals of our vector field a through the divergence theorem, which is sometimes also called Gauss's theorem, and so let me draw out a schematic again of what we're looking at. And so in this case we have a closed surface encapsulating some volume v, and so that's closed surface capital S, and then we're going to have some vector and unit vector multiplied by the scalar value of our differential element ds, but through Gauss's theorem or the divergence theorem what we can write on the left hand side, we're going to have a closed integral over the surface, and in this case we're going to do the dot product, and that is equivalent on the right hand side to a volume integral, and the volume integral is going to be del dot a multiplied then by the differential volume element that we might be looking at within that volume, so in terms of what we're dealing with here we know that if we have a dot and a dot that's going to give us a scalar or a vector dotted by another vector, and then here we have grad dot a, so that is a scalar as well, and so the consequence of that is that we get a scalar on the left and a scalar on the right, and the final thing that we're going to take a look at is referred to as being the gradient theorem, and that relates a surface integral to a volume integral, and that's if we're dealing with a scalar field to begin with instead of a vector field, and so in this case if we're dealing with a scalar field again on the left hand side we have an area integral, but it's an integral with our scalar over the differential area element ds, and then on the right hand side what we end up with is a volume integral, and we deal with the gradient operator of that scalar field multiplied by the volume, and so looking at this on the left hand side we have a scalar multiplied by a differential element which is a vector, so we end up here with a vector, and then on the right hand side we had grad p, and then multiplied over the scalar so that as well will be a vector, so we have vector vector which is consistent, so those are relationships, Stokes's theorem, Gauss's theorem, and the gradient theorem, and you use them in different parts in fluid mechanics, if you see them that's where they're coming from, and sometimes depending upon the data that you might have you might use them in order to do your analysis, so that concludes the vector relationships in fluid mechanics, now what we'll continue doing is going on and looking at fluid mechanics from a differential analysis perspective.


This paper reviews the use of unmanned aircraft systems, UAS, for bridge inspection, focusing on multi-rotor UAS. It discusses various levels of automation and autonomy, as well as the equipment needed to capture data and images. Additionally, it provides a summary of techniques used to create models from images, including 3D reconstruction, infrared thermography, structure from motion, SFM, convolutional neural networks, CNN, and more. Software requirements are also discussed, along with the generation of mathematical models to characterize the multi-rotor and optimize its flight path. Finally, the paper concludes by highlighting the limitations of UAS and potential future challenges. This article was authored by Didier Aldana Rodriguez, Diego Leonardo Avala Granados, and Jorge Armando Villalba Vidalas.