So, to close off the day, we're going to have, we're going to call on Amanda once again. I should say, I asked Amanda Ripley to moderate, you know, first we asked her to give a short talk at this conference and then we said, well, we said 10 minutes. You know, Amanda, I should say, our Emerson fellow here at New America is in the throes of writing her next book. So she's really busy and I said, Amanda, I just need you to come in and talk for 10 minutes. It was, well, Amanda, could you also moderate a conversation? And then it was like, well, Amanda, could you moderate two conversations and about, by the way, about your talk? Maybe you can just give your full talk because it's the end of the day and it really ties together a lot of what we're going to be talking about. So thank you once again, Amanda. The title of her talk here today is Resilient You, What to Do in an Emergency Now That We've Defined Resilience Today. Thank you, Amanda. So my next book is about education and I actually, although it is hard to be pulled away from it, it's a relief. I mean, believe it or not, disasters are much easier than education reform. So I kind of miss this stuff. But anyway, I wanted to just talk a little bit about very specific examples of resilience and very tangible ideas about how to increase your personal resilience, particularly when it comes to old-fashioned and new-fashioned disasters. So in a conference room like this, where you're sitting here all day, there's stale coffee and there's soda and it's hard to keep in mind that things can happen, that we are actually half a mile from the White House and about two miles from the Capitol and, you know, you just can't predict exactly what's going to happen from one moment to the next. So what I'd like to talk about today is something that we can predict regardless of what happens, which is human behavior in disasters. And I got interested in this through my work at Time Magazine where I just sort of by coincidence ended up writing about a series of disasters one after the other. And what I found is that in all kinds of disasters, the most interesting and surprising and useful things were being told to me by the survivors of disasters, things that they wished they had known before the disaster. And like I said, we unfortunately have a lot of experience with this, not just in this country, but around the world. And oftentimes, I don't feel like the voices of survivors are heard in constructive ways. You know, we go to survivors for stories of grief and suffering and blame and regret, but not always for stories of what to do differently in very specific ways. So I want to just talk a little bit about very quickly the three phases that most of our brains go through in actual disasters, because I don't think you can understand how to prepare for disasters until you understand what to expect, right? I don't know if anyone's ever had a baby, but if you've read that book, what to expect when you're expecting. Has anyone ever seen this book? This book, I kind of hate this book actually. There's something about it that just drives me crazy, but it's a best seller and everybody gets it when they get pregnant. And so this is sort of like what to expect when you're expecting a disaster. So that you know mentally and physically and socially what to expect. And there is evidence that that is very valuable and can improve your performance in the event and certainly your recovery afterward. So the first phase that everyone goes through, even people with a lot of training, is a profound period of disbelief or denial. And this is a very creative, actually impressively creative kind of denial, not the kind of everyday denial that we all use to cope. So to give you an example of this, I want to tell you about a woman named Elia, who I spent a lot of time with for my first book. And she was great. She had a great memory for detail, very funny woman who liked to smile. And she had actually come to the United States from Cuba when she was 11 years old. Her family had immigrated here and moved to West New York, New Jersey, a suburb of New York City, where she could see the brand new World Trade Center towers almost anywhere she went. And when she was 21, she applied for a job at the World Trade Center at the Port Authority as a secretary. She had no idea what the Port Authority did. But she saw the job listing and she went. And next thing you know, she got the job and rose through the ranks. And by the age of 41, she was managing five other employees for the Port Authority on the 73rd floor of Tower 2. And I want to just slow down the clock here and talk a little bit about this experience from her point of view. So she arrived on the morning of 9-11. She got to work a little after 8 AM, as she always did. And she had, you know, had a cubicle. She put her stuff down. She tucked her voicemail. The usual rituals we all go through. And she was getting ready to go down to the cafeteria to get some breakfast, another ritual that she followed. When at 846 AM, as we now know, an American Airlines Boeing 767 going 490 miles an hour hit the plane, hit the building. The same building she was in, 11 floors above her. Obliterating about four floors immediately. So this was not a subtle experience, right? This is very dramatic, shaking, lunging of the building. Unlike anything she had ever experienced in her 20 years there. So at that exact moment, if you sort of freeze frame on that moment, we know that Elia's brain changed. That your brain starts operating slightly differently when you're frightened. And the more frightened you are, the more differently it operates. So normal rules of engagement don't apply. It's really important to understand that, I think. So in Elia's case, what she remembers doing is grabbing her desk, lifting her feet up off the floor, and screaming, what is happening? And luckily for her, someone in her office yelled back, get out of the building. But what she remembers is that she didn't want to leave. She's not sure why, but every fiber in her being wanted to stay. And that is very common, that survivors will tell you, that they just wanted someone to say, it's fine, it's fine, it's fine. Don't overreact. And that is actually normal, and that is how your brain is wired. You know, we operate according to patterns, scripts, everything that's happened to us before, and we try to fit in what's happening into those patterns. And if we've not been trained for this or had an experience like this, then we will try very hard to normalize the situation, and to try to fit it into normal life and normal experience. And there's nothing wrong with that, and we should expect it. I mean, the only problem, of course, is that it can be time consuming. But in Elia's case, even though someone had told her to get out of the building and she knew that something was terribly wrong, she stood up and started looking for things to bring with her before she evacuated. Again, about half of the people who evacuated the World Trade Center also participated in what is called the gathering phase, where people will look for things to bring with them. And people do this in all kinds of situations. It's a big problem on airplanes, which in most airplane crashes, what happens is the airplane's on the ground, but on fire. And it's all about getting off very quickly, because the smoke is so toxic. And what they've found again and again, aviation safety specialists have found that people will immediately go for their overhead baggage. So the cabin is filling with smoke and people will go to get their baggage. And you know, if you try to take, I've actually seen footage of this, if you try to take a rolling suitcase down an overwing escape slide, it's basically like a missile, right? And it really slows down the evacuation. It's very, very dangerous. So they've tried to compensate for this by training flight attendants to scream at people not to grab their bags and that sort of thing. But again, I would just argue that this is not because, you know, people are just idiots, it's because this is what you always do when you get off a plane, right? You jump up, you check your cell phone, you get your overhead bag and that's what you will revert to and it is, unfortunately, time consuming. So in Ellia's case, she picked up her purse, sort of makes sense, right? But she still didn't want to leave. She started sort of walking in circles around her cubicle. And then she picked up a mystery novel that she'd been reading off and on. You never know. And she finally, luckily for her, unlike many people who worked in the Trade Center every day, she knew where all the stairwells were. So she, at that point, headed to the stairwell. On average, people waited about six minutes to begin their evacuation of the World Trade Center and there are lots of reasons for this, all good reasons. Some of them were told to wait, right, not to evacuate. But once the evacuation began and people were in the stairwell, what we know is that people behaved very well. People were very courteous, almost to a fault with each other. People would move to the side any time an emergency personnel came up or somebody who was hurt came down. In fact, this is one of the most common questions that survivors get from the Trade Center. It was, what happened in the stairwell, what was that like? And what they have to keep telling people is it was very quiet, very calm. People were sharing information to the degree they had it. People were sending water bottles down in an assembly line formation. You had more water than you could handle, in most cases. And, you know, this is, again, typical behavior. So it's not like a normal day. It's not like, you know, being at Metro Center at Rush Hour. It's not like that. People in high stress life or death events tend to form groups, including with strangers. They tend to be courteous to one another. And they tend to want to stay with their group, even if they're not sure the group is making the right decision. There's been some really interesting studies of U.S. mining disasters that have shown this. And you see the same thing even among strangers in, say, train bombings or other incidents. So in Elia's case, she begins the descent down the stairwell. And we know that it took people about one minute per floor to descend the stairwell, which was about twice as long as safety engineers would have predicted. Again, lots of reasons for that, but one of them wasn't that it was overcrowded because you'll remember that the buildings were less than half full on the morning of the attacks. So, again, people move more slowly than you'd expect. What you don't get is this sort of Hollywood stampede. It's very unusual. And something that you should plan for. You should plan for people to move slowly, including yourself. You should plan wherever you work that it's going to take at least a minute to get down each floor. And it makes a lot of sense, then, once you understand this, that you should take the stairs on a regular basis, right? So that you not only get a little exercise, but you have some muscle memory for how to do that and how long it takes. So, Elia descends. And while this is going on, what's happening in your brain is that the amygdala, which is sort of a small almond-shaped mass of nuclei located at the base of your brain, it's a darker blue area here on the slide, becomes more dominant in this kind of situation and overrides.  So that means that it becomes harder to think, to make decisions, even really small decisions. To do anything that isn't, you don't have a lot of muscle memory for. You haven't done many times, becomes very difficult. So, for example, people in cruise ship disasters will report that it was very hard to put on the life jacket or that the life jacket was broken. The same is true with the oxygen masks that dropped down during a decompression of an airplane. People will have a lot of trouble putting that on. And that's because they've never been asked to do it. All the times that they've been shown it, they've never physically done it, right? So anyway, this is something that happens to all of us. And the more frightened you are, the more problematic this balance is, right? Which again goes to the idea that you want to already have some experience in a certain situation or ideally some training so that you can kind of stay in the zone and not have that get too extreme. So this period of denial took an interesting form with Elia. She, as she was going down the stairs, she knew that something was wrong, but her working narrative for what must have happened, because she heard in the stairwell that a plane had crashed into the building. And her working narrative was that the pilot must have had a heart attack and that it must have been a small plane, which is I think what I remember thinking living in Manhattan at the time and watching the TV and getting ready to go down there and report on the incident is that it must have been an accident. And then she was about halfway down and another plane hit the other building. And she knew this because she was in the crossover transfer hallways. I don't know if you remember this, but the Trade Center was actually not an easy building to get out of. So you had to cross into another stairwell at a certain point and there were windows and you could see the other tower. And that is when the plane hit when she was waiting in line to go down that second stairwell. So now she knew there were two planes. So as she continued descending, she came up with a new narrative for what was happening, which was that the pilots must have been racing. And now she was kind of ticked off because it's just not right, right? But still, you can see it's a relatively benign narrative, which was important to her, she thinks, in retrospect, to keep her moving. As she continued descending, somebody behind her pointed out that there had been a space of time between the first and the second plane.  And she remembers just sort of burying that idea, just sort of not thinking about that anymore and continuing to walk down the stairs. As she's going down, she remembers thinking that there were a lot of women who had taken their shoes off. Women were actually twice as likely to get injured in the World Trade Center evacuation because they were more likely to be wearing heels. So they took their shoes off because it actually, if you're going to walk down 73 flights, that's a pretty significant walk. And then they would step on glass and then there would be piles of shoes that people would trip over and so forth. And this is another very common thing is that your hand-eye coordination and some of your basic coordination tends to be affected the more frightened you are. We know actually that there are some really fascinating distortions that happen to you in all kinds of extreme stress events. And in every case is your brain, you know, trying to help you survive, but we don't understand exactly why they happen or how they happen. The first and most common one is that time slows down. Has anyone ever been in a situation where you feel like slow motion? Yeah, very common. And in a few cases, people will report that time seemed to speed up.  And so it sort of makes sense then that your brain could change that, right? And theoretically, we think it happens because when time slows down, maybe it helps you to process what's happening. But again, it's not very well understood. But we know that in police officers involved in shootings of civilians, there's been a large study of police officers in these situations. And afterwards, 94% of them report experiencing some sort of sensory distortion like this. So this is very common and pretty much guaranteed for everyone without training in a situation. Another very common one is tunnel vision. So where you'll find your brain will really focus on the perceived threat. So people who are the victims of muggings will be able to often tell you all about the weapon, but not about the perpetrator's face. Pilots have actually trained to combat this tendency so they will sort of sweep the horizon under stress so that they overcome this myopia, right? But it's very common. And in fact, you all experience it on a regular basis when you talk on your cell phone while driving. So you lose about 20% of your peripheral vision when you do that because your brain is really only designed to focus on one thing at a time, even in low stress situations. So another one is what you might call tunnel hearing, which is the same effect where people will report not hearing major things, which seems to be your brain kind of censoring distractions for you.  So another one that's very complicated but also very interesting, I'll just touch on briefly, is dissociation, which is a sense of sort of outer body experience, being detached from what's happening as if it's happening to someone else. And there are different degrees of this. Most people experience some of it, but there's some evidence that the more you experience, the harder it might be to recover. There's a lot more to say about that. But anyway, we know that all of these things go on and that the point of this is just to say, again, these are the things to expect. These are normal.  But you can tell, right, that it would be helpful to have a sense of where exits are and, you know, to memorize phone numbers or write them down even better so that they're not all in your cell phone because you won't be able to remember them. And if your cell phone dies, then you're kind of out of luck. These little things that we don't really think of because we can rely on our brain to function in normal times, we will not be able to rely on in situations like this. So, Elia eventually gets out of the building and walks outside and she's filled with relief that she's finally made it this far. It's taken her about 40 minutes. And at that moment, she looks around and, of course, sees that this is a very big deal, that this is much bigger than she thought. And what happened to Elia was what happens when that fear pendulum swings too far, which is she stopped moving altogether, again, very common. And, in fact, in her case, she stopped seeing. So, she remembers literally losing her vision and just standing there out on the mezzanine in front of the World Trade Center as people are running and people are shouting. So, this is obviously a very dangerous response, right? But then something else happened, which also happens to almost everyone in most disasters, which is a stranger came up to her and took her by the arm and said, come on, we're getting out of here. She never saw this woman's face. She just remembers somebody taking her elbow and walking with her away from the towers. So, again, the thing we can expect after denial is deliberation, that people will become very social, they will tend to help each other. And that is not because they are nice, per se. It's because it's in their survival interests to be social in these situations. So, she begins walking with this woman, who she remembers just talking and talking and talking. She can't remember what she was talking about, but she knows that she just kept talking and talking and talking. As Alia said, she never shut up and she just kept talking. And then at some point she felt the ground rumbling and all of a sudden Alia's vision came back.  And just at that moment, she took off running into the boarder's bookstore that was down there. And that, of course, was when the first tower was collapsing. So, long story short, she eventually gets home safely and she still works in the Port Authority today in Newark, New Jersey and is one of the volunteer survivors who leads tours of Ground Zero. So, another example I want to show you about the deliberation phase is a visual that is particularly compelling. This is a picture taken in Thailand in 2004, moments before the tsunami. So, we know there are a couple of warning signs that tend to happen, natural warning signs, before tsunami. And the first one is an earthquake, which had happened actually hours before, far away. And the second one is that the water will behave strangely, not always, but often. So, it'll recede, get very shallow like this and sometimes frothy. And you can see here that people have noticed this change. And they are, in many cases, talking about it and walking towards it. So, here would be a great opportunity for deliberation to serve its purpose if people knew what the signs of a tsunami were. But in most cases, people did not know, especially tourists, but not just tourists. And so, without that latent wisdom in the community, that deliberation phase was not helpful. This is a picture taken moments later during the tsunami, a different part of Thailand. And you can see in the upper left corner, the water is surging towards the shore. And this dive instructor in black had actually been running towards the water right before this because he had seen that people were congregating on the beach and walking towards the water because it looked so strange. And he thought maybe someone was drowning and maybe there was something he could do. So, he was running towards it and then he very quickly turned and ran away. And this is a picture taken by a survivor that I've spent a lot of time talking to. It's been very helpful over the years, moments after the tsunami when he walked out of his hotel room door and looked around. So, the water came and receded fairly quickly. So, that's an example of deliberation not working. And there are lots of examples of deliberation working. And so, I wanna quickly share one of those. This girl is Tilly Smith, she was 10 years old. She was from the UK and she was in Thailand vacationing with her parents over Christmas that year. And she was taking a walk on the beach with her parents when she noticed this strange behavior of the sea. And luckily, she had just learned two weeks before in her geography class about the basic warning signs of a tsunami and watched some video of a Hawaii tsunami and knew all about this. But I don't think that was the only thing that was fortunate. I think part of it is that she was a child. And so, she didn't feel, I think I'm speculating, but from my sense is that she didn't feel the same fear of being embarrassed or being wrong that many of us feel in these situations. So, she told her parents, I think there's going to be a tsunami. Look at the water. That's a warning sign of a tsunami. I just learned about it in school. And her parents sort of looked at her like she was crazy and they said it's fine. They normalized the situation. And they tried to sort of calm her down and they kept walking. And eventually, she got so agitated that she sat down on the sand and said she wasn't going any further and she was very upset. And so, the mother decided to keep walking and the father agreed to take her back to the hotel. And when they got there, this is very interesting to see the deliberation take shape. He did a very brave thing, which was he walked up to one of the Marriott hotel employees and said, you're going to think I'm crazy, but my daughter seems to think that there might be a tsunami coming because the water is very shallow suddenly. And it just happened that there was a Japanese tourist standing next to them over hearing this. And he said, you know, she could be right because I heard there was an earthquake earlier today, Sumatra. And so, between this random group of people, they managed to muster up the courage to take action and they cleared that beach of people within the next few minutes, screaming to Tilly's mother to come back, which she did, and they got to a higher level of the hotel and no one died on that beach because of this 10-year-old girl but also because of the people around her. So that's a small example of things going right. So the third phase is what you might call the decisive moment, which is in this case where they cleared the beach, where you take action or in many cases, not, where you sort of see this shutting down, freezing, lethargy that is very common. And usually that decisive moment is really determined by what happened in the first two phases, but also by what has happened to you every day in your life until then. So I wanna talk a little bit about one example of almost everything going right with regards to building resilience in advance, something that we've heard a lot about today. Rick Rascorla ran security for Morgan Stanley Deed winner in the Trade Center and he was an interesting guy. He was born in the UK. I don't know why I keep having these British heroes in this talk, but anyway, he joined the US military because he wanted to fight the communists in Vietnam. And when he got there, he earned a silver star, a bronze star and a purple heart in battles that were memorialized in this book, a 1992 book. And actually that happens to be Rick on the cover. So as many people do, he left the military and joined the world of private executive security. And it was a frustrating job in some ways, but a job that he also took very seriously. So Morgan Stanley occupied 22 floors of Tower Two. It was the largest tenant.  And after the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Rick began to get very nervous about the World Trade Center being a terrorist target. And he had a tendency to really kind of obsess over these things, as friends of his will tell you. And so he invited a buddy of his to come do, who did counter-terrorism to come do a walkthrough of the Morgan Stanley offices and check out the vulnerabilities. And then his friend came and he did that. And when he got to the parking garage, he said, well, this is a no-brainer.  There's not very much security. And he and his friend wrote a report to the Port Authority in 1990, warning of this vulnerability. And they said suggesting various defenses that could be changed, some of which were expensive. And according to them, the Port Authority did not make those changes. The Port Authority did not answer my calls for comment on this point. Three years later, as we know, Ramsay Youssef drove a truck into the parking garage of the Port Authority, leading to the first terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, which was really a fiasco of an evacuation. If you remember reading about that, or if anyone was there at the time. And what happened was the stairwells were not well-pressurized. There was not enough auxiliary lighting. There was smoke in the stairwells. It took four hours to get everyone out. Very frightening for people. And also did a lot of damage, I think, as far as people's trust for each other and the organization. And Rick, of course, was very pissed off about this, as you might imagine. He was in his office when he felt the explosion sort of tremble up through the building. And he grabbed his walkie-talkie and his megaphone and all of his gear. And he went out into Morgan Stanley's open trading floor to begin the evacuation. And no one listened. Everyone ignored him, which infuriated him, obviously. And so after that experience, because he had predicted a very similar event, he had the credibility to change the way Morgan Stanley operated. And he also had the backing of some top people at Morgan Stanley, which obviously makes a big difference. So he realized at that point that all of Morgan Stanley's employees needed to be responsible for their own resilience, that they couldn't rely on him or on the Port Authority or on the NYPD or anyone else to save them. And so he started doing a lot of things that to this day do not usually happen, even in skyscrapers. So he started running Morgan Stanley employees through frequent surprise mandatory fire drills, which you can imagine how that went over with some of Morgan Stanley's high net worth bankers.  So he would run people through these drills and he noticed something interesting. He noticed that people went more slowly than he would have expected. And so instead of just getting enraged at people, he did something very clever. He got a stopwatch and he started timing the employees to see how long it took them. He didn't make them go down all 73 flights, but importantly he did make them go down several flights of stairs, which again is very unusual, but he knew they had to have the experience. And when they didn't move fast enough, he told them they needed to move faster, and they did. And he would keep timing them and letting them know. And they didn't always like it and they made fun of him and his various marshals, the volunteers who wore the reflective vests and made sure everyone was out. But he did it anyway. He also recommended that Morgan Stanley move its headquarters to a low rise building in New Jersey because he was so convinced there would be another terrorist attack. But the firm's lease didn't end until 2006, so they declined to do that. And on the morning of 9-11, Rick heard an explosion and he saw tower one burning from his office window. A port authority official urged everyone to remain at their desks, but by then Rick had already decided that the evacuation needed to begin. So he grabbed his bullhorn and his walkie-talkie and his cell phone and he went out to begin ordering the evacuation and it had already begun because he had trained his employees in advance to be in charge of their own resilience. They already knew what to do even, and this is very unusual, a class of 250 stockbrokers in training who were there visiting. Because we know from the analysis of the World Trade Center evacuation in all disasters, of course, the people who were not, who were new for whatever reason, temps or visitors were much more delayed and getting out, right? And they were less familiar, they felt more passive, they didn't know where the stairwells were. But Rick had a rule, which is on your first day visiting Morgan Stanley, you had to be shown where the stairwells were. And they knew, because it was their second day. So the evacuation began and as one Morgan Stanley executive told me later, knowing where to go was the most important thing because your brain, at least mine, just shut down. When that happens, you need to know what to do next and this is my favorite part. One thing you don't ever want to have to do is to have to think in a disaster. And I think that goes for everybody from the president on down. You don't want to have to think in a disaster because you won't be good at it. Rick knew that the brain responded poorly to extreme fear and that you wanted to kind of keep it in the zone. And so in the stairwell, he did what he had done in Vietnam. When he felt like he needed to calm his men down by singing Cornish songs from his youth. So Morgan Stanley employees, many of them still remember this, seeing Rick standing in the stairwell with his megaphone and a couple of his security team singing in the stairwell during the evacuation. Army Major Robert Bateman later wrote about Rick singing in Vietnam, in Vietnam Magazine. And what he said was mostly he sang dirty songs that would make a sailor blush. Interspersed with the lyrics was the voice of command, impossible to disobey. His men forgot their fear, concentrated on his orders, and marched forward as he led them straight into the pages of history. Which I think you could sort of say about Vietnam and about what he did on 9-11. So the sweat is leaching through his jacket, it's very warm and one of the security team members tries to bring a chair out for him and he won't take it. In between songs, he called up his wife. There's a great love story there that James Stewart from the New Yorkers written a book about Rick Rascorla that I highly recommend. And they had met very late in life and it's a great story. But anyway, he called up his wife and he said, she was of course watching on CNN what was happening and was very distraught. And he said, stop crying. I have to get these people out safely. If something should happen to me, I want you to know I've never been happier.   That tower had by then been struck and that tower as we know would be the first to fall. And when he got to the bottom, he knew there were a couple of stragglers and given who he was, I think it's fair to say he probably would have had a hard time living with himself given his own identity if he hadn't turned around and gone back up, which is what he did. And he was last seen on the 10th floor heading upward and his remains have never been found. When the tower collapsed, only 13 Morgan Stanley employees, including Rick, were inside and the other 2,687 were safe. So I like to end with this story. That's a memorial to Rick that his wife and some friends had built at the National Infantry Museum in Georgia. But I like to end with this story because if we think about everything that you've heard today, I think a lot of it is something that Rick understood. He understood that we could do better if we trusted regular people with the information that they needed. He understood that we have to understand how the brain works. If we're going to prepare intelligently and build more resilient societies. He understood that people almost never panic. That in fact, the opposite is the problem, what the airlines call negative panic, not moving or moving slowly. But he also knew that there was great potential for improvement and that you could train people and lead people through those phases of denial and deliberation so that they would not have to think. And that's what he did. So I thank you all very much for listening to this story and thank you to New America for having me back to tell this story. It's been a pleasure.


All right, let's get started. So first question, obviously, is what is saving? This word gets used both in the banking industry as kind of an advertising word, right, savings account. But it actually has an economic definition to it. And in the world of mainstream, Keynesian, classical, whatever you want to call it. But really, this is kind of a fairly modern definition of saving. Yeah, this concept of a savings rate, right, which is how much of the income was not spent on consumption. And then from there, the income can either actually go into savings or it can get invested into producer goods, you know, usually through financial intermediation. But the accounting view, and I think the Austrian view and probably actually the classical view pre-20th century is that you have a cash inflow, right? It can be income, but it actually doesn't have to be income in the accounting sense. It could be, you know, the sources of cash, there's a long list of them, but it could be from any kind of source, not necessarily just income. And then you hold that cash on your balance sheet. And that's where the saving is. That, to me, is what savings is. It's just holding cash on your balance sheet. Now, maybe you borrowed that cash from a financial institution, but if you hold it on your balance sheet, that's still savings. From an economic perspective, it's no different than if you are operating a business and you get a cash inflow from a customer paying you, and then you hold that cash, holding cash is holding cash. So the source of the cash flow doesn't really matter in this framework. And then the reason you're holding this cash is because your future cash flows are uncertain. And it's really great to be giving this talk after the previous talk because we were really talking about uncertainty a lot in that and the pervasiveness and inescapability of uncertainty. So ultimately, we do have to hold cash because future cash outflows are uncertain. And we can list out different reasons why future cash outflows might be uncertain. Not all of them are uncertain. There are some that are actually risks, right? And those risky future cash outflows we can actually insure against. So whether that's life insurance or fire insurance, et cetera. So there are some future cash outflows that are quantifiable risks, but for the most part, they're actually very uncertain. And you might conceptualize an uncertain cash outflow in the negative sense of having a catastrophe, either manmade or natural happen to you, but also in the positive sense, right? You don't know what if you have a very compelling investment opportunity in two years, right? There's no way to insure yourself against that. You don't know what the timing is going to be. You don't even know the size of that investment opportunity or whether you're going to find it interesting and want to participate in it. So lots of uncertain future cash outflows and that's why we hold cash. Okay, so what is cash? Well, in this framework, I would argue that cash is the asset with the least uncertainty, right? Because any other asset that has more uncertainty than it would be inadequate for hedging, right? If you're trying to hedge uncertainty, you're going to want to do that with the asset with the least uncertainty. Now, that doesn't mean that cash is a certain asset in the sense that the uncertainty is zero. That's impossible, right? But we're trying to find the asset with the least uncertainty so that we can hedge against future uncertainty. All right, what is uncertainty? Well, we kind of covered this in the previous talk, but we don't know the possible outcomes and we certainly don't know the probabilities of those outcomes, right? If you don't even know the outcomes in the first place, there's no way you're going to be able to assign probabilities to it in advance. Contrast with the concept of risk where we know in advance what the odds are for each possible outcome. So the set of possible outcomes as known and the probability distribution for those outcomes is known. So these are two profoundly different concepts even though unfortunately, they're often used interchangeably, right? People talk about risk, talk about uncertainty, but they are very different concepts. Let's see, next slide. Okay, so what creates uncertainty in a monetary system specifically? From a savings perspective, right? Of trying to hold cash, easily seized and arbitrary supply create uncertainty. It's uncontroversial that it's going to be impossible for you to insure yourself against the government seizing your cash, right? And the reason that is is because ultimately the insurance company itself would be under the jurisdiction of this pillaging government as kleptocracy.  Now, you might be able to buy products that attempt to do that, but the results obviously will be mixed. And the reason is that the supply is explicitly discretionary, right? And that there is a PhD economist at the Fed who is creating uncertainty and they're doing it deliberately. They're not, they're actually not trying to establish long-term rational expectations, right? They're not trying to minimize the uncertainty about supply. In fact, they explicitly want to maximize uncertainty about supply and we'll explain why that is, although from the previous speaker you might guess. And so when even someone is reliable, is Jeremy Powell, someone is respectable and is even keeled, what he will tell you is that the Federal Reserve stands ready to create as much money as needed, right? So it's really maximum uncertainty there. And then on the payment side, you have permission to access creates uncertainty. So having to ask for permission to transfer the cash is by definition going to create uncertainty, right? Versus the opposite. And then being easily censored. So even having your transaction reversed creates uncertainty as well from a payments perspective of trying to, if the savings technology component is holding cash on your balance sheet, the payments technology component is your statement of cash flows, right? Your ability to receive cash and your ability to send cash. And so from a permission to access perspective, if you are unable to receive cash because you need to get someone's permission to receive it, that creates uncertainty. And then from the ability to actually send that cash to someone else, if that is impaired, it creates uncertainty as well. So this can actually be summarized to the fact that trusted third parties increase uncertainty. And it's kind of axiomatic because you're not going to increase uncertainty for yourself unless you've got some weird masochistic monetary issues going on. You're not going to censor your own payments and whatnot or create supply uncertainty for yourself. It's kind of a logical absurdity. It has to be someone else doing it to you. And so trusted third parties are the problem in a monetary system. They are the chaos monkey that is throwing wrenches into the gears. Okay, so on the opposite side, what reduces uncertainty in a monetary system? Well, for savings, having seizure resistance. So the more seizure resistant your asset holding is, in the sense of what is the cost of taking your cash? Well, the less uncertainty you have, the greater that cost is. And then on the monetary policy side, the most uncertain, or sorry, the least uncertain monetary policy is one that is fixed ahead of time. One that says there will only ever be 21 million. Now you could dial that back and have a little more uncertainty, for example, with gold, where you have some boundary conditions but that you're still introducing more uncertainty relative to a system like Bitcoin. And then we already talked about Fiat trying to maximize uncertainty on this particular point. For the payments, you really wanna have a technology that allows you to generate a private key, generate a public key, drive an address without asking for anyone's permission. So you can spin up your BTC pay server instance and be sending and receiving Bitcoin on the internet over Tor or using a satellite. There's all sorts of different ways for Bitcoin to be permissionless and censorship resistant. And the full scope of that is kind of outside of this particular presentation. So this can all be summarized by decentralized verification decreases uncertainty. So if you are able to verify that the system is operating how you expect it to operate in a trust minimized manner, right? Where you are running this own software on your own computer, you might even have evaluated the underlying source code yourself. So you're not even trusting the developers. You're really putting all the trust in yourself and that is what is going to decrease the uncertainty as much as is possible. So this is my argument. Bitcoin is the least uncertain monetary system in existence. However, Bitcoin is still uncertain, right? So access to the network can be disrupted. Your private keys can be compromised. We've seen that happen. Now, nobody brute force the private keys, right? So we're not talking about that aspect of it but in terms of being able to hack into your computer and whatnot. That's what famously happened with Mt. Gucks. Another component that we haven't touched on yet is that Bitcoin has very volatile transaction fees. So high transaction fees could make the system using the system on economical and low transaction fees could undermine long-term transaction finality. And that is the topic that is going to be discussed at the conference today, the long-term transaction finality of the system. So there is still uncertainty in Bitcoin. There's not, by no means am I saying that Bitcoin is a system with full 100% certainty, that's not possible. Okay, so what increases risk in a monetary system? The first one is the cost of using the system holistically, whether that's the transaction fees for sending transactions or the cost of running a full Bitcoin node. Those are risks. And then the loss of purchasing power is also a risk. You could argue that on both of these that the positive side is also a risk, strictly speaking. Although we generally don't conceive of increasing in purchasing power to be a risk for us personally or a negative risk. Like we want that to happen. But in any case, the reverse is true. So decreasing risk in the monetary system, if it's getting less expensive to use the system or if you're purchasing power is increasing. The reason I argue that that decreases risk is because you're moving further away from the negative downside risk. So if the price of Bitcoin goes up relative to when you first bought it, you are moving away from the risk of the price of the value going down relative to when you bought it. So in this sense, Bitcoin is the riskiest monetary system. And this is why people talk about how volatile the price of Bitcoin is, or they talk about the cost of transaction fees being volatile or the cost of running a full node potentially being volatile. So Bitcoin is a very risky system. And I think that the focus is on the purchasing power. It is on the price stability as was discussed by the previous speaker. Thankfully, because these are risks, they are insurable. So you can actually start insuring yourself from the cost of running a full node by sinking one today.  It generally works on most laptops or desktop computers. You just might need to upgrade your hard drive because it is several hundred gigabytes at this point. Transaction fee risk, you can actually hedge by opening lightning channels today while on-chain fees are low. And then the exchange rate risk, you can buy Bitcoin derivatives. We'll talk about that. So you should evaluate Bitcoin or holding Bitcoin as an asset on its fundamental uncertainties first because you can hedge the price risk away anyway. So it doesn't really matter what your view is on the price risk, you could be fundamental, you could be bearish on the price risk but be bullish on the fundamentals of the system. So you could build a portfolio where you own a large amount of physical Bitcoin, but you also, and here we go, you can also hedge risk by buying put options or selling futures. And that way you've constructed a portfolio that has a, you are mitigating the risk of the downside exchange rate, right? Don't want devaluation, but you're also benefiting from minimizing the uncertainties associated with the rest of the monetary system outside of the exchange rate risk. So in conclusion, Bitcoin is the best savings technology and I will argue with you unhesitatingly if you disagree with me and I hope you enjoyed this presentation. Let's talk about it in the speaker sessions.


My name's Rolando from Tri-Cities. I came to Hunger Generations by a friend Lorenzo, kind of got tricked into coming We're supposed to hang out and next thing I know I'm at church. Best decision I ever made. I decided to give my life to Christ I was just going down a wrong path.  I'm getting baptized because I want to I want to be reborn Rolando, do you believe in Jesus Christ as God's Son and your personal Lord and Savior? Yes, I do Do you promise to follow him with good and clear conscience for the rest of your life? Yeah Now based on your faith Confession confession in your commitment will now baptize you in the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spirit Jesus you have said


It's just don't either way. I need the ability now my dead set on needing it Unfortunately, this Rogers doesn't get in less than 95 overall and if I'm not gonna get gunslinger at least I want an escape artist QB someone I can run around with I blame him solely for my loss.  I have no idea what it's like So if you've ever typed that please let me know maybe shoot me a DM or drop a comment Just tell me what life is like is a gigantic beta male. Maybe save me say I would take Lamar I don't know if there's a good Kyler, but I would definitely take a good Kyler to so it's been gonna save me I'm telling you I think I think I think I don't know if there's a team in the week quarterback That's a scape artist. I might be out of myself here. Wait a minute. There's a Devonte Parker, Jason Pierpaugh Rob Gronkowski Jamal Adams. Oh, there is a Patrick Mahomes Jake plumber. I don't want to use you I don't know you he has a plumber. He does like pie.  He's a scrambler quarterback It's gonna be hard to get me not to do that he is the mud 22 team of the week hero Jake plumber But do you like pipe? I mean it's literally in your name. You don't like pipe I would be obscenely shocked. He has to get a scape artist. He's got 86 speed No one is gonna be ready to get sauce thawed by Jake plumber We got a team of the week backfield Jonathan Taylor and Jake plumber would love to lock our boy in winning a Superbowl The plumber would be so sick the amount of pipe weed lay bro It literally looks like a scape artist might be the only good ability he gets an ability wise actually throws the ball very well 92 95 90 on the accuracy 93 throw power 95 on the run 92 under pressure very solid We got Jake plumber and I like that a lot better than your Roger Roger's you can be the backup now You're backing up to the plumber. I love to see it our a 93 zero chill hero So this is a jackpot is our next wheel spin who do we want there is a Wyatt teller right guard? Hey Wyatt teller might be the move. There's a Melvin Ingram though. Oh Melvin Ingram. That's gotta be the move Oh, look at this Melvin Ingram 93 overall with 85 speed It's kind of is not my test sweat speed, but it's pretty good I think it's important though Just because I got nobody there right now all the upgrades I had made last episode were from those packs, too All right Jake plumber you go right you ready go get us a win after that tough out. All right That leaves us with our challenge wheel. We need four more wins We have three and one after such a tough loss that sucks, but hey, let's hop in a challenge is Challenges outside kicks only Calvin Johnson Richard Sherman Michael Vick so the escape artist QB versus escape artist QB I'm surprised plumber can't get dashing dead eye though. Skateboards that dead. I would be would be nice. All right plumber It's laser 17 yarder to none other than the most thrown two man in the universe. Um, ooh, no, no, no, no, no I don't know who invented that animation, but I hate them redemption games got to be good here So this is a tip to ooh is that an offsides?  So this one should catch him off guard I don't think we'll ever get him off guard again. I don't really know how you're supposed to on side kick That's gonna go out of bounds in it I get that like you don't want to make on-site kicks too powerful But in the NFL on-site kicks almost Never go out of bounds. It just doesn't happen in my opinion.  That was a potential second was David on Nick's as my bronze Did he tackle third and 19? This is an excellent excellent start to our redemption game, bro.   It's not even on this episode I completely forgot about that last episode, but I lost anyway, so you guys can't be mad Oh, I almost just went to kick off middle calling that time out on Sidekick baby. All right, let's just try like no power. Let's try that no power inaccurate Okay, at least it goes up the middle well 15 to zero is not the worst start.  This is fourth and two I'm gonna go three three five wide so that way Hendrix is in the middle. We're gonna play underneath everything I've got the middle locked up a one big stop right here.  What are you doing? On the Devon white pick six I could have gone out at the one and try to get Devonte Adams That might have been the smarter decision. All right, so first things first I'm actually gonna do the challenge wheel I only kicked on site kicks kind of nice when they rage quit gonna go legends fantasy Just kind of hoping for a left guard center or right guard here would be huge Taylor rap They me and Harris now yikes.  They already have you heavyweight Michael Pierce.  I took out Vita Vaya, which was dumb Vita Vaya was not from that episode I need to put Vita Vaya back in as well as Michael Pierce now. We also keep Melvin Ingram defense is looking good We're not an 88 overall like her before but hey brand 84 We got Vita Vaya Michael Pierce down here Melvin Ingram left end outside linebacker middle linebacker 2 and then obviously still my Offensive line and then we're in a sub position chamber play pretty good on his first game He's pretty sick if we can lay the pipe for Super Bowl come on man.  I gotta start grinding on Devonte Adams. I am not doing what I need to do All right boys, I love you and I'll see you in the next episode. Thanks for watching as always peace


So, phase 290, history of coffee, it dates back to 1400s, substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of coffee, of the tree, is from the 14th century, it's in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen, and by the 16th century, it enriched the rest of Middle, of the Middle East, South India, the rest of Europe, and finally, lastly, to, to America, to America, historyextra, historyextra.com, and this was about, it's the official website for BBC history magazine, and BBC world histories magazine, this is like 1200 years ago, in Africa, East Africa, according to the legend, Kali discovered the energizing and invigorating effects of coffee, when he saw his goats getting excited after eating some berries, Kali told, it's the unmistakable, and so was made, the world's first cup Sufi mystic, he seems to, we're good at interpreting things to make sense, even when at the night Sufi mystic named Gotul Akbar Nuruddin al-Shadheeli, the discovery of coffee, he is said to have spotted berry eating birds flying over his village, unusually energetically, tasting some of the jettisoned berries, I don't know what that means, he too, his girlfriend's cousin actually was saying the other day that he has a high sensitivity to caffeine, sensitivity is in body, to process and metabolize caffeine, sensitivity, sensitivity has more to do with the person's unique genetic makeup, as this determines to what degree a given amount of caffeine will affect a person, so the genetic link is that caffeine is using the enzyme CYP1, it is very little of this enzyme, while others produce a large amount, but most people fall right somewhere in the middle, so it's found that according to a study, gbhealthwatch.com, a study called Trait Caffeine Consumption percent of the population, sensitive, so 10%, I must be in the 10% because a couple of beans grind them up, press them down, third genetic link to caffeine sensitivity involves the type of adenosine receptors a person has in his or her brain, those lacking the correct adenosine receptors in the brain, there's a prefix, it's hyperallergenic, hyper means extremely, so it of course isn't relative to the word that it's prefix for, and in this case we're talking about hyper sensitivity to caffeine and saturation, it's an excessiveness of the word app that it's connected to, so the hyper sensitivity would mean that regular sensitivity, there is specially sensitive, choose the majority of people, 200 to 400 milligrams of caffeine, daily won't reactions, these people have no trouble sleeping as long as the caffeine is consumed early in the hypo sensitivity, hypo like hypothermia means, thermia meaning heat, hypo means instead of hyper being more and excessive, hypo is a lack of, so hypothermia would be a lack of heat, or thermia, so hyposensitive people actually don't have much adverse reactions at all, and this is again about 10%, coffee was a beverage, it was the beverage of choice in Persia, Egypt, Syria, by the thousands of Pilgrims, holy city, by each year from all over the Muslim world, so Yemeni merchants, Yemeni took coffee home from Ethiopia, and began to grow it for themselves, Middle East the popularity of coffee soon spread throughout the Balkans which is um, northern Greece, northeast, then it worked its best overseas to, to America, as well as through the Dutch, coffee was drunk in the home as a domestic beverage, but more significantly, it was also drunk, coffee drinking and conversation were complemented by actual life, naturally like anything that's very revolutionary, and of course affects cerebral, there's gonna be conservative, bi-temperament people that naturally don't like to upset tradition, and that's good because you need people to fight for tradition and change to be properly to prove its value before it's just as a long history of prohibition, fear and suspicion, religious, disquiet, and hypocrisy was executed for his troubles by command of the Sultan who rescinded coffee houses, and coffee warehouses were ransacked, and so of course from East Africa and Mecca and Saudi Arabia and the Balkans, it didn't take long for, for coffee to travel west, this devil's drink is so delicious, coffee has been a century, it goes by the steam, it gets adopted culturally as a, a thing to go out and now this very Pascarose who in 1672 also set up a coffee stall in Paris, Pepe's, Pepe's visit to London, to the London coffee house in 1660, and said he and I, Colonel Slingsby, first time that I ever was there, I found much pleasure in it through the diversity of company and discourse, so it's, that's really, that's, that's really cool honestly, you know, it shows that there are cultural transformations, the house was clearly, you know, relatively new, a new thing, and it, this coffee was his newspaper, his internet, in his diaries he refers to the latest news of the conflict with the Dutch, the comet, so he says the comet, it must have been the most ominous, in 16, lasting from 1665 to 6 for a year was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England, it happened within centuries, within the centuries long time period of the second pandemic, an extended period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemic, 1347, the first year of the Black Death, and lasted until 1750 of a city, about 448 causal manner, in a span of 15 years there were more than 3,000 coffee houses in England alone, some even had bed and breakfasts for overnight guests, many seemed to follow the Turkish coffee house business model, coffee was thought to be the 16th viagra, coffee house habituates someone who lodges at home, but he lives at the coffee house, he converses with newspapers, casettes, and votes, shop books, and his constant application to the public, takes him of all care for his private home, he is always settling the nation, yet could not be buried as said to be brought


I went to school every day and like I was surrounded by kids but like felt like I was the only kid in school. And then like anxiety was like really new for me, like the panic attacks were new. So when I would be like sitting in class I'd be sitting there and then my heart would just start racing and I'd be like, I need to get out, I need to get out, like I felt trapped in my own body and I felt like I had no control, like I lost it. After taking her to specialist after specialist it was finally determined that she suffered from anxiety and major depressive disorder. Junior to like the beginning of my senior year was like rough. It was really rocky of like I had really really good days where like I thought I was totally better and I was like in the home stretch and then I had like days where it all came crashing down. There were days where I had no strength whatsoever and I was in bed just like praying it would all end. With not being able to get to practice being in and out of the hospital, really just having a difficult time getting out of her room and getting out of her bed. She lost strength and she had to let gymnastics go. Some people thought that this was just some sort of act so she did lose some friends. Your high school years you think of going to parties and it's all about friends and she missed a lot of that. There was days where I was like I'm gonna stay alive for like my mom. There was days I'm gonna stay alive for my best friend because her birthday's next week. Like sometimes it was just like little like events like if I had like a sweet 16 coming up for one of my friends like it would be like alright let's hold off till then. Can we remember at one of the lowest points for her asking me if she could if she could go. I saw her suffering and I knew that we had to work to get out of this. In like December I was supposed to be sent away to like a residential for like six months and my like my insurance was gonna cover it my bed was ready and like they were about to send me and I was like hold on like I want one more chance like I don't want to go yet. Seniors definitely when like everything just started coming together like I was applying for colleges like I had friends I started sports again like I was doing well in school. When she was feeling better there is a society for the prevention of teenage suicide and she joined that and she became an active member. When I was going through everything that I did I felt so alone and like no one was there for me so like I've made a promise myself like I'll make sure no one ever feels alone like that they always feel like they have someone. One thing that I remember in particular that I brought to school was we had a social media like campaign day where like on Twitter people would like tweet like hashtag like you're not alone and like save teens and then Instagram like people would put that hashtag like it was a huge day for us. People come to her you know when they're having struggles and she directs them in the right place. So she's done a beautiful job with that. One girl came up to me like the last week of school and said like hey I really liked what you did I want to do the Society for Prevention of Teen Suicide like how do I do it? Like I had kids coming up to me saying that my social worker Melissa was like hey you could probably be valedictorian and I was like I'm going to do it. I was like at school every day even though I was sick. I was like my attendance is going to affect like me being valedictorian. I was doing all my homework like studying like going above and beyond to make sure I was valedictorian. And then that happened. I got into schools. I got into seven out of eight that I applied to. I'm going to St. Joseph's University for my freshman year and I'll be majoring in biology on the pre-medical track. She fought with tenacity and grit when she gives of herself when she helps others that gives her strength. She is strong. She's a fighter. She is caring and beautiful and her happiness, her smile just makes me just shine. It's beautiful to see her.


It's Diddy Canem, back today with another video. Shout out to you for tuning in. If you're not subscribed, do me a favor and smash that subscribe button because I will be doing a giveaway when I get 50,000 subscribers. I'm giving away $500. First place, $250. Second place, $150. And third place, $100.  In today's video, guess what, baby? We used the app and we made $99 in just about 15 minutes when everything got in it. Make sure you stay tuned to the full video so I can tell you guys what app it is, but it's time for us to go get these dividends and win, let's go. Order number one, the day has just begun. Anybody go ahead and get these funds and have us some fun. We are picking up an exercise bike. We're driving 2.6 miles for 79 smack of rules. If you snooze, you lose, let's go. And just like that, we are here at the pickup location. I'm about to start skating being Greg and you're getting this cake, let's go. And we got the bike down the stairs how to put it in the air, baby. Guess what? You guys see this bike right here? I used to deliver these for, a company I used to work for, for a second one, exercise equipment. That's why I used to deliver exercise equipment. So this is some of the bikes we used to deliver. We also used to do tray bills and all that stuff like that. So I know exactly how these things work. I know how to take my part and do the whole thing, the whole setup, baby. We gon' bungee it. Ooh, we gon' bungee it. And then back toward the wall a bit more. Just like that, it's time to hit the road and get our pockets on the floor, let's go. And just like that, we are here at the drop off location. It's right down the street, baby. You gotta get the bike out so we can go out and get busy. I'm glad you guys are with me. We about to move on the switch, let's go. All right, then I have to take a photo really fast. Make sure the door is shut before I walk you guys out. Now we had to step back on the photo of your noodles. We gone. Guess what, baby? For that order, we got an extra, we got an extra dub, G. So we really made $99 and it probably was less than 15 minutes. The drive time was seven minutes there. I mean, we went in there, went up the stairs, got the bike, came downstairs, put it in the van. Went to the second house, went through the house, went down the stairs, dropped it right there, hit him with the photo.  Hey, I can't complain about it, baby. Hey, comment below and let me know if you'll do this order, $99 and 15 minutes, where the thing got in it, let's go. Order number two, get this money, it's what we about to do. We got another one. We got another order on this same app. It is a different day and we about to get paid and pull up a new Escalade. Guess what? We are picking up a large desk. We're driving 50.5 miles and we received a payment of $98. I got my game from a scholar, let's go. I'm not doing this easy, boy. What do you think, what? It's up here, it's up here. When I did it by myself, I was like, I can't do this, boy, I got that, you gonna go right here? See if you can grab that, I did that, bro. I got it on my leg, so I got it. Okay, I got some of it. All right. Hold on here, hold on, I'm gonna go up so we can move it. I got it, I got it, don't need it. Yeah, we can slide in a little bit too. All right, yep, yep, yep. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah.  It ain't gonna do much moving either. I got the straps too.  I got the string of these, I got the straps. Yes, sir. I'm gonna strap, come in a little tiny bit more so I can double up. Okay, we go right here, I'm turning the wheel wheel. I'm gonna strap boom right here, boom right there. All right, good. You need some help with the strap, I'm good, brother. Give me, you got a cover? I got like some of the blankets so I can do this cover. Yeah, something, I just wanna cover it so when I strap it, let's do it. I got it so I can see how comfortable it is. What are you doing? I know you gotta do this, you know what I'm saying. No, no, you can feel it. See, you know something about this, brother.  Ain't this the bomb, this is about us. I feel about it, that's why I do what I do. Put people in a position. You feel it, that's what it's all about. I'm trying to get all my hopes. I ain't gonna stunt, bro. I put up the song around this morning. I heard a couple of lies like, yeah, I'm just here because of, I'm just here because of bro. You know what I'm saying? Brother, I haven't been there in a while, I stopped going. I was thinking the same, I was thinking the same. I don't tell new avenues, you feel me? Yeah, we gon' talk it up, we gon' talk. We definitely gotta talk right now, you on that. Now I remember what you told me before about the logistics and all that, so I remember, I can just tell you, Yeah, yeah, you know what I'm saying? We gon' chop it up, keep the trajectory going. You got to, you can't get stuck in doing one thing. Not at all. Because once the one thing's on, what you gon' do for that? Cause I'm gonna keep it above October, like, you know, I'm planning out the seasons. October, like this, this man, like, it's gon' be a shift, you feel me? Yup. So as a business, you gotta be ready to shift for quarter to half of the game move, you feel me? That's what's gon' really test, like, everybody want to be a, everybody want to do it, everybody want to do it. But it's like, it's gon' pass the test. And that's what it's all about.  They don't understand that. Because they see the numbers. They don't understand, you gotta, you gotta, I gotta show you that you can do it, but you gotta know it's gon' come with the work. You can't do it. It's gon' come with the work. No. It ain't sweet. Give pay. You can do it, but you gotta do the work. You know what I'm saying? Everybody don't want to put the work in. They don't want to skip the process. They don't want to just jump this, boom, boom, boom, boom, boom. Cow. And it's all, it's all easy. You just gotta put the work, it took me like six months while I really felt like, yeah. It's there. I'm catching out after, yeah. It's there. That's what I'm saying. You know what I'm saying? It's there. It's real, but yeah. I'm about to hit the road and get our pockets on the floor. Let's go. So I appreciate you staying tuned through the full video. I'm gonna let you guys know what app it is. I'm using this video. Hey, shh, shh. Write in the comments section what app it is. Because everybody always going in the comments section, they don't watch the full video. They just want to come in here, ask what app it is, and then go on their merry way. If you wanna learn what app it is, from now on, we're gonna start splitting it up and throwing it in the video wherever we throw it in. So if anybody asks what app it is, do not tell them. Do me that favor. Do not tell them. But shh. App I was using in this video is Dolly.  You can deliver couches, like that large desk we just delivered, all that different type of stuff, baby.  I'm glad you guys are with me. Let's go. And just like that, it is the end of the video. I hope you guys enjoyed the content. In this video, you got to see both the good and the not so good.  That desk was super heavy. And huge shout out to my guy, DJ. He is the person who I lifted the desk and put it in the van way, baby. He was my hands on the app that we use.  If you ain't watched the full video, I don't know what to tell you, baby. I already told you. Well, wanted if you don't know what I'm talking about. But huge shout out to him. I also forgot my four wheel dollies at home because when we did those oversized bags from the airport, I took them off the second time so we can have a little bit more room. So I left them at home, right when I get to the house, that's when I'm putting everything right back in this van.  So you got to see the good and the bad. The second order probably took us an hour and a half, hour to 45 minutes all together from the pickup to the drive. And then we strive to win. Well, thank God it in. I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Again, if you're not subscribed, go ahead and smash that subscribe button. Don't forget, I will be doing a giveaway when I hit 50K, hit the clapper, A-B-A-B, and don't get in the way. And you hit A. If you are not subscribed, you do not have a chance to win none of these divines. So make sure you smash that subscribe button. I'll see you guys on the next one. Be cool, be cool, be cool. You already know I'm the DDK and I'm on my way.