Welcome back to this course on nanostructured materials, synthesis, properties, self assembly and applications. We have had two lectures in module 1 and today is the seventh lecture of module 2. In the previous lectures, we discussed the synthesis using CVD techniques that is the chemical vapor deposition techniques, the physical vapor deposition techniques and MBE techniques which is molecular beam epitaxy techniques. Today, we will start on the synthesis of nanostructured materials based on some template methods. The template based synthesis as the name suggests is based on some form of a material which will form the template and on which the nanostructured material will be made. Once it is made, the template will be removed and only the nanostructured material will remain. Now, this is schematically shown in a scheme which all of you must have seen. You must have seen pottery or Chinese pottery specifically where the finished material is of clay or something. But how is this shape taking place? You start with a template. This template in this case is made of wood or it can be made of a metal and then in this case, we put the clay onto this piece of wood and the clay fills all the holes and all the gaps within the piece of wood. Then once you bake it and then you remove the piece of wood, what is left is this jar which is made only of the clay. This is precisely what you are going to do in a template method. You are going to use a template and put some material which is clay in this case. In our case, you may use any nanoparticle or any other material which can be a liquid which will form a shape. The shape is being given by the template. This piece of wood here will be given by some other template which will be in the form of small structures and which will ultimately, when we remove that template, you will get in this case, you get a large structure. You will get small structures which are dependent on the shape of the template. What can be these templates in the molecular regime, in the nanostructural regime? You can use many templates. For example, you can use cation exchange resins which have micropores. That means, the size of the pores are micropores. You can use zeolites. All of you know zeolites are alumina silicates. They have three dimensional structures. They may have channels within them or different zeolites have different size of pores. Depending on which zeolite you use, you can either make a small particle or you can make a columnar structure. You can also use silicate glasses as templates within which you can make a material which will have in itself some features which are left from the silicate glasses. You can use ion exchange techniques. You have a template in which there is a particular ion in the material. Then, you ion exchange with another ion. Now, you get a new material with the same structure as the initial template material. Only one set of ions have been exchanged in this methodology. You can also use gas deposition on a shadow mask. The shadow mask here will act as the template. Then, this ordering of the gas molecules on this mask will give you the structure that you basically need. For that, you have to design this shadow mask because, according to that, the gas deposit will take place and the structure that you need will be formed. These are different classes of templates. We discussed cation exchange raisins where cations can be exchanged zeolites, silicates and then other ion exchange possibilities. There are different types of pores, density of pores possible with different types of template or different type of membrane which are going to act as templates. For example, if you have a polymer, mainly polycarbonates are used for this purpose where you exchange ion tracks. That means, you use ions and bombard this polymers and this ions leave tracks. These tracks are of the order of 5 to 500 nanometers. These channels are ion tracks as we call. The density of these pores are of the order of 10 to the power 11 per meter square. These are randomly arranged pores. You can also have a mica which is a naturally occurring inorganic material. It is a mineral. This mica has layered structure. In this mica, you can make this kind of etching to yield channels of 1 to 500 nanometer size in which again you can have random pores of the order of 10 to the power 10 or 10 to the power 11 pores per meter square. You can also use alumina which is aluminum oxide Al2O3. In this alumina, you can make channels of the type of 10 to 500 nanometers which is the pore diameter. Again, you have 10 to the power 11 to 10 to the power 13 pores. Now, in this case, you can have ordered pores. Earlier, we were talking of random pores, but in the case of alumina and as well as in the case of block copolymers, we can get ordered pores and higher density of ordered pores. The channel width will vary from 10 to 500 nanometers in the case of alumina and 10 to 20 nanometers in the case where you are using block copolymers. Every block copolymers have two types of polymers. One may be hydrophobic, the other can be hydrophilic and they form two types of polymers joined together from a block copolymer. There also, you can create this kind of ion channels of 10 to the power 10 to 20 nanometers thick which will yield you ordered pores in which you can do synthesis leading to nanostructured materials which are precisely ordered because the pores in which you are doing the synthesis are precisely ordered. So, you can have random pores or you can have ordered pores and using these different types of membranes, we can yield random nanostructures or ordered nanostructures. So, these are various types of membranes and templates which are used to grow nano wires within these pores. So, you can see, you can generate from around 1 nanometer diameter to up to 500 nanometer diameter wires and many, many wires you can generate of the order of 10 to the power 10 to 10 to the power 13 depending on which methodology you use to grow these nanowires in these templates. So, here you can see, this is an example of a template mediated growth where you are trying to grow carbon nanotubes on silicon nanowire tips. So, here the silicon nanowire is the template on which you are trying to grow carbon nanotubes. So, the carbon nanotubes are these thin tubes which are growing out of these silicon nanowires. So, the carbon nanotube is being guided by the silicon nanowire which has been formed earlier. This is a close up view where you can see this is the silicon which has a wider or larger diameter and on top of that you have this carbon nanotube. The scale here is around 10 nanometer. So, half of this is around 5 nanometer.  So, these are very useful techniques. The template based techniques are very useful to prepare nanowires which are precisely ordered in a particular fashion. You look at these carbon nanotubes more carefully. Here is a high resolution transmission electron microscope micrograph. So, you have to use an electron microscope which has working under a voltage of around 200 to 300 kilo volts. You know accelerated electrons come and hit the sample which is loaded on a grid which may be a copper grid or something. The electrons then make an image of the particles that they see and depending on the voltage, the wavelength of the electron can be modulated and the wavelength of the electron can be of the order of 0.05 or 0.02 angstroms. So, you can see objects which are very small. So, here is a carbon nanotube and you can see the different layers of carbon and this is a typical thickness between the walls of two carbon layers of around 3.4 angstrom or 0.34 nanometers. In this slide what you see is that you have this silicon nanowire and on the tip of the silicon nanowire, you have this carbon which is growing on top of the silicon nanowire. So, the silicon nanowire is acting as the template and on top of that you have this carbon rather than a nanotube. Here is like more spherical and so these spheres of carbon, since there are several layers in each sphere, this is called an onion like structure and so these are called carbon nano onions. It is nano because they are of the order of few nanometers in diameter. So, this is 0.45 nanometers. So, around this whole thing may be around 10 nanometers or 8 nanometers. So, here we are seeing a silicon nanowire which earlier we showed this is silicon nanowire, where carbon nanotube is growing and here we are showing silicon nanowire as a template at the tip of that carbon onions are growing. Now, you can have several other kinds of hosts. So, we discussed you can have 1D tunnel host like zeolites which have tunnels like this or channels or you can have lipid bilayer vesicles or many other inorganic compounds which have tunnel structures. So, you have vacant spaces between the cylinders in which you can grow nanowires. You can also have hosts which are two dimensional in nature and these are layered hosts which can be made of materials which are layered materials like molybdenum dioxide or LINBO2 or lithium cobalt oxide. These can be oxides, these can be hairides or chalcogenide layers for example, molybdenum disulfide tungsten disulfide, molybdenum diselenide. These are all two dimensional layered materials. In between the layers you can grow your material which you want to grow and this is layered. The blue colored layers will then act as a template and after the reaction you have to remove these templates to regain the material which are in between the layers. So, here you get one dimensional linear structures when you make materials within the cylinders. Here you get two dimensional structures which when you make the synthesis using these 2D layered hosts and this is a 3D layered host. So, they form porous structures. So, there are pores inside. So, this is a 3D framework host and many materials have zeolites can have this kind of cylindrical pores. They can also have this kind of 3D pores which are of the order of 4 to 10 to 20 angstroms few nanometers and you can have many other polymers bucky balls etcetera as 3D framework hosts where you can generate only particles and not layers and you cannot generate wires. Normally you will generate particles when you use 3D hosts as templates for your synthesis whereas, here you will you can generate wires and in this case you can generate 2D layers using these particular hosts. This is another method where you are using you are going to make metal nanostructures using a templates based synthesis. So, you have say gold one metal here and aluminum another metal here and then you make many structures to separate the layers which will form in between and this you fill with a copper solution. So, there will be copper solution here which and in between you have membranes. So, what happens depending on the redox potentials the metal that you have chosen aluminum and copper will get reduced easily. So, it will accept electrons to form this copper solution which may be copper nitrate solution or copper sulphate solution it will you will have copper ions in this solution and it will readily take up electrons which are given by any metal. So, the metal which will give up electrons easily are the this aluminum metal and this aluminum metal when it gives out electrons it form aluminum ions and goes into solution and the electrons that it gives out that is actually coming in here reacting with the solution and copper 2 plus gets reduced to metallic copper and wherever it gets reduced it gets deposited. So, this wherever copper 2 ions are there they get reduced and they form copper metal layers in these cavities. So, now you have a particular order of copper metal which are separated from each other by this gap because no copper metal can deposit here which are the membranes and only the gap which is available where the solution can go can be reduced to copper metal. So, you will have copper metal regularly spaced between this region and then again you will have copper here and again you will have copper here like that. So, you can arrange systematically using this template and here we call this the anodized aluminum. So, aluminum is the anode and it is acting as an anode and so this aluminum metal template is also called the anodized aluminum metal template which is used for doing the templates based synthesis for metal nanostructures and it is possible to make nanostructures of those metals which have a much more ease in accepting electrons from aluminum. So, they have a higher reducing potential reduction potential compared to aluminum. Now, what other materials can you make using these templates based methods you can make inorganic materials you can make organic materials inorganic materials like metals like just now we showed copper metal we can make gold silver we can make organic compounds we can make polymers or metal organic compounds like you suppose you have to make a compound of palladium with some organic moiety which may be a pyridine based or naphthalene based etcetera. So, you can make materials of different kinds using the templates based synthesis you can these materials that you are depositing using the help of a template they may have a wide ranging properties some can be insulating some can be semiconductors or metals or even superconductors that is those in which the resistance below a certain temperature goes to 0 such kind of materials are called superconductors and so you know you can deposit any kind of material if you choose the right conditions the right template and the right reaction whether it is a reduction or some other reaction. So, you can make a wide variety of materials with different properties and the size of these can vary if you have channels that is one dimensional channels you can have diameters from 5 to around 10000 angstroms of these materials. So, you can have wires which are from 5 angstroms to around 10000 angstroms. So, which is like 0.5 nanometers to around 1000 nanometers or which is 1 micron. So, you can have from 0.5 nanometers to 1 micron sized linear arrays of nanostructured materials using templates if you want to make 2D structures within the inter lamellar spaces. So, these are the inter lamellar space. So, between this one blue layer and another blue layer this space is called the inter lamellar space and your material that you will be synthesizing using this 2D template or this 2D host will be synthesized within these two dimensional layers. So, which are which is also called the inter lamellar space. So, in the inter lamellar space you can make layers which are of the order of 3 angstroms wide or 3 angstroms long up till 50 angstroms wide and 50 angstroms long that. So, a very large like micron sized nanostructures are possible in channels, but normally in the inter lamellar spaces or 2D structures it is difficult to make very large layers of 2D structures. In the cavity diameters there is a 3D structures where you have cavities like this here also you can make vary the cavity size depending on the choice of your carbon sieves or the zeolites or the polymers what kind of cage you have you can have variety of sizes and hence you can make a very large cavity diameters typically they are on the larger side and it is very difficult to get very small 3D structures. So, depending on the shape of the material you have some restrictions on the type of size you will get and in 1D structures you can get very large values and in again 3D structures you can get very large values. However, for 2D structures or 2D nanostructures made within the inter lamellar spaces of the template you normally get sizes which are of the order of 3 to 50 angstroms. Now, you can also use surfactants as a template. So, far we were discussing zeolites or metal oxides or metal charcoaginites 3 dimensional structures 2 dimensional structures which are like inorganic hard inorganic solids whereas, here you can make aggregates of surfactants and these aggregates form from molecules which normally have organic long tail with a some kind of an ion at the head. So, it is these surfactants are made of a head group which can be like an ammonium group or any other head group with say tri alkyl group with the nitrogen which may be charged or it can be uncharged moiety and most of the time the head group is polar much more polar than the tail group. So, the tail and the head together form a molecule which is called a surfactant and these surfactants can organize themselves to form spherical micelles or they can form cylindrical micelles or they can form 2 micelles one inside and one outside and then there is a gap in between which goes throughout the sphere and this kind of aggregates of surfactants are called vesicles. So, you can make use of these as templates and synthesize your material within this cylinder or within this sphere or within this what is called a bicontinuous structure. So, depending on the type of surfactant its concentration and the solvent in which it is present you can have different kinds of structures and you can then synthesize a new material within these structures. So, the surfactant now acts as a template within which you make your material, but it will be shaped like the template. So, if you use the cylindrical micelle and do the synthesis inside the micelle then the shape of the product that you will get will also have a shape like a cylinder. So, it will do what is called the templating effect. Now, you can choose a wide variety of surfactants and so there is lot of choice how to control the diameter of this cylinder, how to control the length of the cylinder, how to control the diameter of this spherical micelle etcetera. So, surfactants are a very rich source of templates if you can make them aggregate the way you want them to aggregate or the way you want your final structure to be because ultimately you have to remove this template and the remaining structure should be the final structure what you want with your material left behind. So, this is an example where you have these surfactant molecules and these surfactant molecules can be organized. So, they are organizing and forming a cylinder and this cylinder in that cylinder you can synthesize something within this cylindrical space and then you remove the outside cylinder to give you the material that you want in the shape of a cylinder. So, this is the templating effect. So, this is aggregation of the surfactant molecules to form the template which looks like a cylinder then you the B step you add or form your desired materials within the this cylinder after the stage B and after the stage C you remove whatever is outside and you are left behind with the material which you have made inside this aggregated surfactant molecular structure. So, this kind of a cylindrical micellar structure ultimately yields a nanowire if the dimension of this wire the diameter is in nanometers and most of the time you can get nanowires of 5, 10 nanometers and lengths you can vary from 100 nanometers to few microns very easily. In this step you have to remove the surfactant molecules to get either you use appropriate solvent to remove the surfactants or you can heat this material. So, the surfactant molecules will all go away and you can left with the nanowire. So, this is a templates based synthesis using surfactant aggregates to form nanowires. This is another example where you use these kind of surfactant molecules which are also called amphiphilic molecules that means they have two properties one hydrophobic and hydrophilic both are there in the same molecule there are two parts and here we are discussing the synthesis of gold nanoparticles in micelles and these micelles are made like as we said this is a cylindrical micelle made from surfactant molecules. So, in this case also you have micelles but of course, in this case these are spherical micelles and these spherical micelles are made up by some kind as you see two structures one thin tail and one solid rod and this kind of a polymeric structure is called a block copolymer. So, you have two parts to the polymer. So, one part of the polymer which itself is a polymer is probably hydrophobic and the other part of the polymer is another polymer made of more hydrophilic nature and the two parts are joined together. So, this is called a block copolymer and when these block copolymers arrange themselves like surfactant molecules at a particular concentration to form a micelle with all the parts of the block copolymer which are alike have come together and those which are different are also close to each other but away from these structures. So, when you have this organization of a block copolymer to form a micelle then you add your metal salt from which you want to make your metal in this case it is gold particles. So, you have to add gold salt and this gold salt attaches to one part of the polymer which it likes. So, it attaches to say the more polar part of the block copolymer. So, all the dots as you see are attached to the more polar part of the block copolymer and then you can do a reduction or treating the core such that you get the nano particle at the center and that is explained more clearly in the next slide where we discussed. So, what we were discussing is an A B die block copolymer which is first used to form a micelle using the surfactant like behavior of aggregation where like form the polar head groups in surfactants come together to form a micelle and the tails are pointing outwards. In this case the block copolymer has two parts a polystyrene part and a two vinyl pyridine part. So, the styrene part and two vinyl pyridine have different hydrophobicities and so one of the parts the two vinyl pyridine which is more polar that forms the head group and arranges close to itself. And when you add chloro oric acid which is the starting material to make gold nano particles this chloro oric acid when you add to the solution of block copolymer binds selectively to this vinyl pyridine based poly polymer and that is the vinyl pyridine part of the polymer is here and so that is where the gold nano particles will the salt of the gold nano particle gets attached. And then it is solubilized and then transform to the metal by reduction. So, when you use a chemical reaction to reduce the gold ions to the metal. So, in this step you finally end up with the gold particle at the center and the block copolymer around it. So, this is a typical synthesis of using a di block copolymer as a template to make gold nano particles. The di block copolymer appears to function like a surfactant does and forms a micelle and the oric chloride attaches to the head group and then can be reduced to form the gold nano particles at the center of the micelle. Now, another template that people use quite often are what are called nucleopore membranes, nucleopore filters. Basically it is a filter made of a plastic or a polymer usually polycarbonate and which has got holes on it which are few microns in diameter. So, this is typically a nucleopore membrane and can be used as a nucleopore filter. So, how do you create these holes? You expose the membrane to radiation and that radiation weakens the plastic and then you add a certain chemicals or acid which can remove or make holes in those specific areas which are weakened by the radiation. So, first you weaken the plastic at certain positions depending on the design which you want, where you want the holes to be created of micron size or some micron size and then once you expose them to radiation in a patterned manner, then you expose them to some chemicals and the weakened part of the plastic or the polymer which is patterned, then we will get generate these holes which can be used as a nucleopore filter. So, these nucleopore membranes or filter can be used or people have used to synthesize compounds within those pores like poly pyrrole, poly 3 methyl thiophene and a nano porous nucleopore membrane was used that means the holes which were made were of the diameter of few nanometers and then this membrane which is basically a polycarbonate which was treated to some rays or radiation and then it was used some acid or other chemicals were used to make holes and then that porous nano porous membrane was used as a template and this had cylindrical pores of the order of 300 angstroms to 10,000 angstroms in diameter which is 1 micron. So, from some 30 nanometers to 1 micron that is the diameter of the pores that you can create in these nucleopore membranes and they are linear cylindrical pores very much like the case that we discussed earlier. This can be considered linear cylindrical pores and if this diameters what we see in the nucleopore membranes, this diameter will be around 30 nanometers to about 1 micron, but they were created from one sheet. In this case there are different cylinders, but in the nucleopore membrane there was one full sheet and then holes were made by selectively exposing to radiation at certain spots and then those weak spots were then made into holes by chemical treatment. So, that is the nucleopore filter which you can start from a polymer membrane like a polycarbonate membrane and where you can get cylindrical pores of the size of 30 nanometers to 1 micron and the monomer solution is separated by the polymerization agent by these membranes. So, before polymerizing you have only the monomer solution and you have this membrane and once you add the polymerizing agent then the nucleopore membranes will be in this pores you will have this polymerization taking place and you will you can make compounds like poly pyrrole and poly 3 methyl thiophene has been shown to be made in these porous membranes which are basically made of polycarbonate films with holes drilled in them not by any drilling machine, but using some radiation and then chemically treating them to make porous cylindrical type of structures in which by doing reactions with monomers you can polymerize and get nano structures polymeric nano structures. Now, you can also use biomaterials for templating so far we have discussed inorganic materials organic materials which are polymeric materials we can also use biomaterials for templating in general we can call them as biotemplates some of the examples of such biotemplates can be for example, a bacterial cell surface protein. So, on the surface of a bacterial cell there are several proteins and these proteins will have some structure which will control the formation of other materials if these are used as templates you can have a small sized nucleic acid compounds which are of the size of nano and micrometer and they can be thought of or they can be used as templates during the formation of other materials. You can have hollow compartmental like structures in viruses and then you can use those viruses as biotemplates. So, there are cases where hollow biomolecular compartments in like viruses have been used to synthesize materials within the viruses. So, that is another example of biotemplating then we can we come across a term which are called S layers basically from single polypeptides. If you can make many copies multiple copies of a single polypeptide then it can form spontaneously highly regular nano porous lattices. So, you have a polypeptide chain and that polypeptide chain spontaneously aggregates to form regular super lattices that is there are they are ordered in space over a large dimension and this can be of various symmetry. So, there can be you know rectangular symmetry hexagonal patterns of these polypeptides which arrange themselves. So, one single polypeptide make multiple copies of that which spontaneously aggregates in some pattern form and then leaves behind leaves along with it some nano nano porous like this and then you can do synthesis in these nano porous which are having as the template these polypeptide chains many many numbers of polypeptide chains starting from a single polypeptide. So, in this if you do synthesis then it will be called biotemplating because your template is a biomolecule it is a polypeptide chain and hence these are different examples of biotemplating. So, typically you make an S layer that means you make a layer made up of this polypeptide chain which organized itself. So, it forms say a pattern and this pattern is we are showing in one dimension, but it can be like this in two dimensions and here what we are showing schematically is that these S layer which is organized as a pattern is on a TEM grid because we want to use the TEM and so you make this pattern on the TEM grid. So, once it is on the TEM grid then you coat this S layer with gold. So, suppose you are able to coat this S layers with gold because they are these biomolecules are functionalized and you can have thiol groups and to the thiol groups you can attach gold. So, suppose you can coat gold on these surfaces. So, all the your entire pattern now is covered with gold, but then you want gold in the center you want it to be patterned at the center. So, what you do is you can pass electron beam which is shown here the electron radiation and all the gold from here then enters into the cavities in between the gaps between these two ordered subunits of the polypeptide chain or the S layer. So, you can have gold particles in these gaps which are which are like kind of melted and reunited to form droplets on being exposed to an electron beam. So, this is an example of biotemplating. So, you have a S layer pattern based with single polypeptide chains and you have gold coating on top of them then you irradiate with electron and all these gold forms droplets and they are arranged regularly because this spacing is fixed. So, you can have now a regular pattern of gold nanoparticles made using a biotemplated route then you can use magneto tactic bacteria as a biotemplate. What is this magneto tactic bacteria? These are bacteria which are which are found mainly in the sea and the word magneto tactic tells you that they have some magnetic property associated with them. So, these are in biology this is a group of prokaryotes and they are specially interesting since they orient and migrate along with the magnetic earth magnetic fields which is called the geomagnetic field lines. So, that means the bacteria can find out where is the earth's north pole and the earth's south pole. So, the magnetic lines of force of the earth the bacteria can find out. So, how can it find out that is because it has got some magnetic particles inside the body. So, this migration of these bacteria based on the earth's geomagnetism is related to the magnetic structure or the magnetosomes inside these bacteria and these magnetosomes are nothing but ferric oxide Fe 3 O 4 particles which are also called magnetite particles which are bound inside the membrane of these cells and these are called magnetosomes. So, to explain to you what is a magnetosome or how this happens is if you consider this to be a cell. So, there is an outer membrane of the cell and there is a cytoplasmic membrane inside you have the cytoplasm. So, it is known that inside the cytoplasm there are these magnetosomes. So, these are these magnetosomes and the inside the magnetosome you have this Fe 3 O 4 which is magnetic in nature it will be attracted or interact with magnetic field and this kind of particles are present within the cell of the bacteria of the magneto tactic bacteria and that helps it to guide to move the bacteria based on the magnetic field of the earth. Now, this Fe 3 O 4 particle is covered with the membrane which is called the magnetosome membrane. So, here what we show is how does this Fe 3 O 4 form inside the cell. So, what is known today is that there the Fe 3 plus ions from outside the cell. So, it is in the solution which is outside and can come in through this cell membrane and form Fe 2 plus, but it is the exact mechanism is not known how Fe 3 plus comes within the cell wall from Fe 2 plus within the cell it enters this magnetosome. So, we have pictured the magnetosome like this where once it comes inside you get ferric oxide which is hydrated. So, all this iron is Fe 3 plus and here Fe 2 plus is there.  So, ultimately you get a particle which has got Fe 3 O 4 inside outside there is a membrane and the whole thing is called a magnetosome. So, this magnetosome with Fe 3 O 4 inside the cell many many of these are there and they control the movement of the bacteria in the presence of a magnetic field and how the formation exact formation how does the ions moving inside are still certain questions, but lot of it depends on the pH and other redox behavior in these magnetotactic bacteria. This is a real T M pictures of this bacteria. So, you can see these particles magnetosomes with the magnetic particles they align themselves in a some particular direction inside the cell and this direction is guided by the earth's magnetic field. So, you can find many different types of shapes of these magnetosomes they can be little bit hexagonal like here or they can be like cuboids and the most important thing is most of the time they will be aligned in a certain manner and this alignment is important for the bacteria to navigate in the sea based on the earth's magnetic field. So, this is an example of bio templates where the cell is the template the magnetosome is template inside which the bacteria is forming inorganic materials Fe 3 O 4 is an inorganic material which the formation of that is guided by the structure of the magnetosomes. Now next after this we will come to the next lecture which is on template methods again part 2 with which we will continue in our next lecture which will be the lecture 8 of module 2. So, thank you.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here Sure me talking about Harry Potter in this video here today. I've never talked about Harry Potter on this franchise. Well, yeah I did that a fantastic beast Review earlier this year, but that's kind of the only time I really dived into anything about the wizarding world thus far We might be talking about a lot more going forward if things start to fall in place for something I would love to see happen if all the Appropriate ingredients can come together of course During a investors conversation or investors called it happened recently Warner Brothers Discovery CEO David saslaw I'm pretty sure I butchered your last name had some interesting comments for Potter heads out there again This was made during a investors call recently He said we're going to have a real focus on franchises. We haven't had a Superman movie in 13 years We haven't done a Harry Potter movie in 15 years. That's not entirely true either That's not that's actually not true at all the DC movies and the Harry Potter movies provided a lot of the profits of Warner Brothers Motion pictures over the last 25 years if we can do something with JK Rowling on Harry Potter going forward, you know Lord, he mentioned Lord of the Rings. He asked. What are we doing with Game of Thrones? What are we doing with a lot of with big franchises that we have we're focused on franchises He concludes of course that means they are interested in more Harry Potter movies, correct However, it also seems like with a statement like this Fantastic Beasts 4 and 5 are stalled and they're not going to happen due to the downward trend from those recent films Even though I enjoy them I can admit that yes that second movie that came after the first one I thought was pretty good was a step in the wrong direction and probably the thing that Started to turn a lot of people off from not seeing anything from the wizarding world that wasn't connected to Harry Potter Especially when that was riddled with so many plot issues and writing issues Chris Columbus, I know in the past who worked on the earlier Harry Potter movies as a director He's expressed interest in doing a cursed child adaptation But I think that would have to be completely reworked into a screenplay that fans universally love since that story is not welcomed by Most myself included in that also you have the issue of Daniel Radcliffe He's already expressed that he doesn't want to be known as simply Harry Potter forever and enjoys doing projects that help him Become more established as an actor that isn't just known for one role Realistically though the man would need to be part of something that's bigger than Harry Potter because I can't see him getting rid of that Title since he brought to life one of the biggest characters in history and the franchise achieve Tremendous financial success that none of these other projects He's working on have achieved if I'm wrong in that statement. You can correct me I don't think any of the things he's done afterward have achieved that same financial success It's not even a matter of something I think he will ever be able to escape just because of how big Harry Potter was It's fine. If you want to be known as more But I would say you would also need to understand why you there's other factors as to why you're always gonna be known as Harry Potter It's just gone out of truth. So Radcliffe has also distanced himself from route from J. K. Rowling's recent comments regarding the LGBTQI plus community There's also the hurdles of getting Rupert and Emma Watson back as well Ideally if this were to happen I'd prefer to see a story centered on Harry's darkest case as an aura since we know that's something that he went on to do Although I've seen the argument He should have probably been in a fence against the dark arts teacher Which I I think that would be a suitable fit for him as well So I would love to see like a three-picture deal maybe happen with us exploring his darkest case as an aura Him and Ron and of course her mining in the mix Unearthing a new dark wizard reminiscent of Voldemort But darker as well without being related to Tom Riddle in any way either and that's not me trying to shade The first child I swear. I just think it's best to not try to do it. You know tack on all these Relatives that you didn't have previously because you already had that with Fantastic Beasts I would say avoid that at all costs now The CEO's comments don't have to literally mean new Harry Potter movies though Because the Wizarding World has so many threads that can be done as prequel series like a series centered on Sirius Lupin James and Peter aka the Marauders to a lot of people a series on Snape Voldemort or even Dumbledore could be enough to satisfy Potter heads if done, right? Right now I think the biggest obstacle if they genuinely just want proper Harry Potter films is understanding why Fantastic Beasts didn't completely work from a writing standpoint so that those same issues do not plague What you want to do with a Harry Potter revival? now all the controversy aside Perhaps one Rowling shouldn't be writing the screenplay at all and maybe someone else should be brought in To outline or to adapt whatever outlines Rowling comes up with and just you know Take what she has in mind since these are her characters But again flesh them out in your own way because I think that for me having read those books Not hasn't I haven't read them in a while. I'm gonna say that's probably been over 10 years since I've read them What stood out to me though is what I remember is that JK Rowling was always good at writing Novels and writing those Harry Potter books when it comes to these Screenplays that she's worked on with Fantastic Beasts That is the thing that I'm like, eh no you probably were more suited for again working on Writing maybe a new chunk of Harry Potter books and maybe some people would also argue We don't need new Harry Potter movies if they are not based on Books that she's written with a clear-cut idea so that way you're not stuck Making movies and not having a single plan in mind because I really do think that while Fantastic Beasts obviously was building towards Dumbledore and Grindelwald's battle. You could argue that stuff in the mix to some people What would highlight that there's no real plan here They're just making up stories as they go along and the only thing that's planned is that battle between Dumbledore and Grindelwald nothing in between this plan They're all just thinking of ways to make this work as they work their way up to that inevitable battle Whereas with the adaptations of Harry Potter they had novels to work with they were already existing and just of course Tweaking things and leaving things out that a lot of people don't really like and that's also why I've known I've seen some people argue about the fact that if they were to do a TV series adaptation That would allow them to flesh out the books properly a little bit better or adapt them better Maybe those are better suited for television format and not the franchise that we all know and love if you're a partner head out there But if we get more Harry Potter movies, I Honestly think it's a matter of when not if I think it's a matter of when not if I'm aware of all the comics that Daniel has made I'm myself and someone who's not in agreement with the things that JK Rowling has said but it's not to say that again You can't negotiate something with people at the end of the day I saw how happy they were during that reunion and I would hope that that would be enough But I know it's not because when you're talking about bringing back Harry Potter You're gonna have to do more than just say, okay, we know JK Rowling is involved and You know, you don't have some agreements with her right now But can you come together and just put that aside? It's gonna take more than that They have to be able to work that out But if they can't prequel series set in the Wizarding World regarding characters We already have met in this franchise would be ideal to they can work It doesn't have to be new Harry Potter moves But if they bring it back I would love to see a three to five picture deal if you haven't already, of course Make sure you subscribe turn on post application in this video in the description. I will have links on my social media accounts I'm on Facebook Twitter and Instagram You can message me there of course to let me know if there are any movies news or reviews You'd like me to cover in the future and with all that in mind guys. I will see you in the next video


the gut feeling or the intuition when it's driven by disorder and anxiety is always wrong. So if I lined up 1000 people struggling with anxiety disorders and said how many people here have felt over and over that their anxiety was was a gut feeling or intuition that they should follow it. And then you discovered that that was wrong. And it was actually nothing but a false alarm of 1000 people 900 people would instantly raise their hands. So if there is such a thing as gut feeling or intuition, and I'm not passing judgment whether there is or there isn't only you get to decide whether those concepts work in your life. Distorted anxiety is a thing that's sort of like just drums, jams a monkey wrench in those works and renders them I'm not going to say useless, but far less reliable than you otherwise think they might be.


A film in three minutes. Matilda. Alright, let's get one thing straight.  And there's nothing Mara Wilson, star of the hit family film Matilda, can do about it. Or is there? This 1996 film adaptation of the best-selling book written by celebrated and controversial children's author Roald Dahl is a moving, zany, and often-at-times terrifying experience that combines Dahl's trademark dark macabre themes with a hyperactive energy, sinister art direction, a charming cast of adult and child actors, and a beautiful message about staying true to yourself even if you feel like you don't quite yet belong. The story follows troubled youth Matilda, a child genius who continually struggles to fit in with her parents, the unscrupulous Wormwoods, played by Danny DeVito and his real-life wife Rhea Perlman. After discovering a passion for reading, Matilda realises that she possesses telekinetic powers, powers which bring her to blows with the principle of her new school, the ghastly mistrunchable, played by Pam Ferris. However, a ray of sunshine does indeed exist for Matilda as she quickly becomes friends with the lovely Miss Honey, whose own troubled past helps the young girl realise that she is not alone in this world. If, like me, you grew up in the 1990s, then it was virtually impossible not to have seen or at least been made aware of this film after its release on home video. Mara Wilson briefly became the best-known child star of her era after Macaulay Culkin of Home Alone fame and, just before Daniel Radcliffe would be cast as Harry Potter. But the film's long-term success did not just depend on a convincing child actor, but also on the twisted, morbid imagination from Dahl's book that director DeVito brought to life for us on the big screen. His Burton-esque direction of Matilda's world, with its stylish depiction of twisted settings and inhabitants, visually sets Matilda apart from other children's films from that decade. The oppressively bleak Crunchham Hall, with its terrifying Chokey or Miss Trunchbull's Manor House, act as cases in point. Pam Ferris' performance as the authoritarian Trunchbull must be remembered as one of the scariest villains from a children's film in recent memory, with her image, manner and dialogue never failing to become more disturbing as the story progresses. The film's no-holds-barred approach to tackling themes such as bullying, death, parental and emotional abuse, as well as isolation and neglect, reinforces Matilda's strength as a movie aimed at young audiences that is unafraid to tackle such issues rather than staying well clear of them. And on a sadder note, Matilda is one of the very few films I can think of that encourages children to enjoy one of the most wonderful things there is in life, the joy of reading. With a final message that acts as a reminder that where you come from doesn't make you who you are, only incredible intelligence and telekinetic powers do. Wait, is that right?


Navy bases are kept secure by masters at arms, but not all security personnel walk on two legs. Military working dogs are trained to assist sailors in a variety of environments. Come out of there, give yourself up, or we're coming in. Today we were able to successfully conduct training with our patrol assets in detecting decoys within the treeline perimeter. The handlers train with their dogs to fine-tune their skills and help build partnerships with their companions. This training was conducted to better enhance the skills of the handlers and their military working dogs to provide protection to the naval base installation in Sasebo, Japan. As these sailors and their canine counterparts work to develop their relationships, they'll be able to keep CFAS and their shipmates safe. Seaman James Hunt, Fleet Activities, Sasebo, Japan.


I know you got a hold on there, but the most part the offense was fairly quiet tonight. What was Verlander and the pitching over on Houston side in general doing to keep you guys at bay? He had a good mix. He was placing his fastball pretty well. Sebi kept us in enough to be able to strike back, but it just wasn't enough. I need to have a better out bat in the eighth there. Give us a better chance to win. Even at that in that ninth inning, you guys had traffic on the bases. It looked like Aaron Judge was going to get another opportunity. It felt almost reminiscent of last night. Are you guys at the point where you expect to come through in those situations? Yeah, I mean we're never out of it. Never out of the game until we're back here in the locker room. You know, if we're going to lose, it's better that we're right there one swing away from tying it or going up. He's ended a 15 game home winning streak, one of the longest in the last two decades. Your thoughts on the home streak? That's pretty awesome. Just got to start another one. Are you happy to see Aaron Judge and Yankees avoid the arbitration there? Yeah, I think that was good for them to get an agreement and not go deep into the hearings and can move forward now. Does this feel like a bigger series than most at this stage of the season? Yeah, I mean there's a lot of energy, a lot of extra energy. The past few nights and I expect the exact same the next two. Two homers and Yankees to the opposite field there. Is that a sign things are going well for you when you're hitting them out that way? Yeah, I mean I squared those two up, so just got to do a little more, just have better impacts with the runners on scoring position and be all right.


Hello everyone, welcome to QCon Europe 2021. It's happy to have you here. So today we are going to talk about SIG scheduling, introduction and deep dive with Mike Dame and me as presenters. We are both from Red Hat working on the OpenShift project and we are very interested in scheduling and everything around it. We'll just, in short, we will summarize what SIG scheduling is, where can you find us and talk to us, then we'll give you an update about what's new in the scheduling area. And at the end, we'll talk about updates in this schedule project. Currently, we have two co-chairs, Abdullah Gallibech from Google and Huang from IBM. Meetings are taking place every second week on Thursday at 1 p.m. Eastern time. And if you want to reach us, you can find us at the SIG scheduling channel on the Slack. The SIG scheduling is home to several projects, namely, schedule plugins, which is a home to out-of-tree plugins, which can be used outside the entry plugins, which are provided in the scheduling framework. There's this schedule project, whose goal is to make sure that both violating scheduling constraints are evicted. Then there's a cluster capacity, which is, whose goal is to estimate remaining scheduling capacity in terms of POT. So, for example, if you want to know how many instances of your database POT can be still scheduled in your cluster, then there's a QBedge project, which is an implementation of the Gank scheduling. And there's Poseidon, which is an implementation of the Firmament Schedule. In case you are interested in more details about the project, just take a look at the SIG scheduling with me. So, we are not going to talk in detail about how scheduling works or what it is, because the last two talks given at KubeCon discussed those parts. The talk given at KubeCon North America discussed the scheduling from the perspective of a user, admin, and developer, and the talk given in Europe talked about scheduling framework and what the schedule is. So, in short, how the scheduling works, you have a few of POTs, which still needs to be scheduled, which means they have no node assigned to them yet. Then there's a list of nodes, which are suitable for scheduling. And there is a schedule component, which what it does is that it takes every POT, which needs to be scheduled and find the most suitable node for it. The schedule component consists of a scheduling algorithm use cache and plugins, which are provided by the scheduling framework. So, the schedule was designed with the goal to provide a very simple implementation and to maximize throughput. And basically how it works is that you get a list of nodes, you run filters, which gives you a list of the feasible nodes. And in case there are two or more nodes, just score plugins will give you the node, which is the highest score. So, once a POT is scheduled, the schedule no longer knows what's going to happen with the POT. So, eventually, some of the POTs may diverge from the original scheduling plan. So, that's where the schedule component comes. And its goal is to make sure that some of these scheduling criteria are still respected, contains a list of strategies, each strategy responsible for scheduling constrained. And once it's run, it goes through every POT, every node. And in case a POT violates the constraint, the POT is evicted from its node. So, for example, some nodes may be overutilized. So, the schedule just evicts as many POTs as is needed to make sure that resources are freed from the overutilized node with hope that those POTs will land at a node that is underutilized. Right, so now let's talk about more about what's new and what's been improved. So, there's been some improvements in the documentation for developers. New document has been created which describes how the scheduling views work. In short, there are three scheduling queues, active queue, back of queue, and unscheduled back queue. Active queue keeps POTs which can be scheduled. Back of queue keeps POTs which are put to sleep for a while. And the unscheduled back queue keeps POTs which cannot be scheduled for some reason. There's a document describes a lifecycle of a POT, how it transitions between individual queues based on certain conditions or events. So, if you are interested in more detail, you can take a look at the new document. There's also a new document describing the code architecture of the default scheduler and how it's built on top of the scheduling framework. So, in short, there are basic building blocks like scheduling algorithm, cache queues, and the scheduling framework. And because the scheduler allows you to configure various profiles, each profile corresponds to an instance of the scheduling framework. So, once configured and assembled together, you get a functioning schedule component. Again, if you are interested in more details, just take a look at the new document. And then there's a schedule plugins repository. So, in case the default entry plugins are not enough, you can bake in additional plugins which are provided by the schedule plugins repository to home to out of three plugins, which some of which you might find useful. Currently, there are seven plugins, for example, the code scheduling which allows you to add to the capability of a game scheduling. And if you have a new plugin, which you want to share with the community, the schedule plugins is a good place to start. Yeah, now I will let Mike talk. Mike. Yeah, thanks, Jan. I'm Mike Dam, like you mentioned, and I'm gonna go over some other things that are going on in the SIG here that were some improvements that we have for the scheduler. The first one is, this has been kind of an ongoing project of refactoring out some of the internal dependencies on our default plugins. We have a lot of the plugins that will depend on parts of code that are from ktio slash Kubernetes. And then being connected to this large code base makes it difficult for the plugins to be more modular, and which would be helpful if they could be used by other projects like de-scheduler or any sort of scheduling sub-projects that you might have. So we've just been working on trying to remove those. And one of the great outcomes from this has been the new component helpers staging repo within ktio. Jan was a big helper getting that going, and that really gives us an opportunity to move common helpers and helper functions out of maybe internal packages and into a place where any project, even not specifically related scheduling, could import them. So for example, we had a couple of helpers that just parsed out if a pod has tolerations for taints on a node and just returned a check for that. So there wasn't really any reason for that to be strictly internal. But so we put it into an external package where people can use it. And these packages in the repo are all owned by their respective SIGs. So you know that you're getting a good maintainability that if I'm using this function from somewhere, it'll always have a semantic meaning behind it that the team is supporting. So if you check out this issue, you'll see that's been going on for a while, and you'll see links to the component helpers repo. I think it's just github.com slash Kubernetes slash component dash helpers. But you'll see it in there too. If you wanna help out, this is a great thing to get involved with. It's a good project for new contributors because you'll learn a little bit about the code base as you're moving these functions around and updating their references and other places and stuff. Some other things that we improved on are we had some runtime improvements for certain plugins. A big push that's going on right now that I think just got some changes in for 120 is the event-based re-queuing of unschedulable pods. Previously, the event queue or the unschedulable queue would just re-queue pods kind of indiscriminately whenever events came in. And the work that's been going on with this allows certain plugins to register for certain events that should trigger pods to go back to the unschedulable. So this will be more efficient re-queuing of those pods that will hopefully be more reactive to things that are actually going on in the cluster. We also made some improvements to the node affinity plugins and improved the throughput on that. And there's some discussion in that issue on how we got that and how it was found and how it was taken care of. And the last thing isn't so much a performance improvement, but it is a big improvement for pod affinity and that we now have a, you can widen the scope for namespaces for the pod affinity plugin. So previously, the pod affinity only cared about nodes or pods within the same namespace. So in this picture here, you can see like we have three different nodes. And if we wanted these pods from different namespaces for whatever reason that we have to be co-located on the same node, there wasn't really a way to do that. But now you can broaden the scope of pod affinity to look at multiple namespaces, which would be hopefully useful for some people. We also have ongoing work for the scheduler component config. If you've been following the scheduling framework and specific, the scheduler is really heavily configured through component config, starting to move away from flags for some things and definitely the old policy API, which is something that if you're still using you should be start seriously looking at a plugin config through the component config, but there's still improvements to be made to that, including some of the things that I've listed here. Some of the plugins that have been replaced by other, more featureful plugins are being deprecated. So that's things like node labels, service affinity, no preferable white pods. Those are gonna be deprecated, moved away from and there's replacements for them that are available. We also have the node resources plugins, the various node resources such as balance, usage, least usage, which tries to spread pods out most allocated resources, which is for bin packing when you want to prefer nodes that have the most resources on them already.  So it will be a lot easier for people to understand if they can be configured from a single place. We're also been exploring the possibility of fully qualified plugin names, especially for our entry plugins, the ones that are part of the core Kubernetes would like to provide a well-defined name semantics for them so that you can at least identify an entry plugin from a custom plugin. This is a big part of the framework sort of ecosystem of trying to have out-of-tree plugins coexist well with entry plugins. It's just an organizational setup for them. And then in this issue, some various backwards compatibility removals that we currently have in place. So we need to get too much into detail of those a couple little hacks just to make like older versions of the policy work with newer versions. But as this config is evolving, obviously we're gonna have to move away from that. So if you are heavily using the current scheduler config, it's important to stay up to date on some of these changes and be aware of them. Nothing will be removed outside of the allowed deprecation timeline. So you always have that, but eventually some things that you might be relying on could be removed and you wanna be prepared for that change. And lastly, for the scheduler framework, we have these two unique use cases that were brought up to me, I think Wei actually sent those to me. I wanted to talk about them a little bit. So these are real-world use cases for the scheduler framework. These are links to some blog posts so the slides will be shared and you'll be able to check these out. But they're very interesting. First one is from Cockroach Labs, basically discussing how they came up with their own custom filter plugin and how they use that, what their problem was to be able to scale Cockroach DB up and down. One of the interesting things that they talk about is how they actually consider using pod topology constraints, which if you're not already using pod topology constraints, if you're on Kubernetes 118, it was enabled by default. So here on there, this is I think one of the most helpful plugins that's available right now on the scheduler for evenly distributing pods among the nodes, especially with the de-scheduler too, this kind of goes jumping ahead of it. I see a lot of people that try to, they want to distribute like a deployment of pods across nodes and they'll run the de-scheduler for resource balancing, and they'll say, well, why are two or three of these pods still on the same node? It's because you have to consider the resource usage over the entire node, but with topology constraints like this, you can specifically say, I want these pods to be distributed evenly, no matter what. And that's just very helpful for making sure that you can get those spread out. The second blog post here was from OpenAI, and that is less specifically about their, what they're doing with the scheduler, but talking about scaling Kubernetes up to 7,500 nodes, very interesting. They talk about some scheduling aspects. They have some sort of controller that is managing taints automatically based on who's creating certain pods as tolerations for those taints based on teams. They also talk about this concept of setting up, they call them balloon deployments. It's really interesting the kind of dummy deployments to keep the cluster auto-scaler from automatically scaling nodes up and down. And I wanted to draw attention to this because we do some similar stuff in some of our scheduling end-to-ends where we'll create some dummy pods that just try to balance out the cluster so that the test can run consistently. And they also touch on using pod anti-affinity to get even spreading, which was pretty much the way to get even pod spreading for pod topology constraints. With the caveat that when you set a pod anti-affinity to itself, you can only have one copy of that pod per node. And with pod topology constraints, you can set up having on two or three within a certain skew. But this was an older way to kind of hack the scheduler into getting a nice even spreading, no matter what, regardless of resource usage. But they ultimately end up going with the co-scheduling plugin from the scheduler plugins repo, which Jan mentioned a couple of slides back. So it's great to see that people are using this and these are setting some examples for new users to go by. When they want to adopt the framework. So finally, we're gonna get to up some updates on the de-scheduler. The de-scheduler is a project, it's one of the bigger projects under SIG scheduling where we like earlier talked about it, remove spots from nodes following general scheduling logic. The first thing to talk about here is that we've added, we've updated our reviewers and approvers to add some of these great contributors. Besides myself and Jan, we have Sean and Lee who have been really active and are just doing great stuff for this project. So along with adding these people so that you as a new contributor, if you're interested in your PR should get assigned to a relevant administrator of the project. And if you have any questions, these are some of the active contributors to work with. We moved some of our existing maintainers to an emeritus status. So that's like Avesh and Ravi and Klaus and those guys were great for getting the project started and establishing it. And that's a good way to recognize their contributions that they've done, even though they might not be able to actively review PRs right now. So these are people to get in touch with. A couple of new features that we added this release in Prometheus metrics, which was a big ask. So the de-schedule overport metrics on pods is that number of pods that are evicted and things like that so you can track how it's running in your cluster. Label selector filtering for different strategies to be able to select pods more specifically. Eviction based on pod topology spreading soft constraints, which we usually added this just with the hard constraints for pod topology spread, but people asked about adding a soft constraint. So we went ahead and did it and that is an option now. Also, the ability to ignore pods with persistent volume claims. The de-scheduler by default ignores pods with local storage, but some people wanted to specify that just with a PVC instead. So now you can prevent evicting those pods that are attached to the PVC. And something else that's going on, trying to work on a way to make the de-scheduler more reactive to events in the cluster, kind of similar to what I talked about before with the scheduler being reactive to events for moving pods from unschedulable to schedulable. The de-scheduler right now only runs either on a periodic loop or you can run it as a cron job or a job, but having it actually listen to what's happening in the cluster and then run the relevant strategies based on that could give people more instant reaction and balancing in the cluster than having to wait for the de-scheduler loop to come back up. So a lot of these have been, like I said, requests from people. If you have anything that you're interested in helping out with the de-scheduler or questions or features that you'd like to see or contribute, we're also on zig scheduling to talk about it there. That's our main Slack channel. Or just feel free to hop on the GitHub page and open an issue, start a conversation about what you're seeing, what you'd like to see. We are always looking for new contributors for this project as well. So, yep, that is our presentation and I want to thank everyone for coming. At this point, we will be opening up for Vibe Q&A. If you have any questions on something we talked about or something that we didn't talk about that you were hoping that we could get to, now's the time to ask. Thank you.


Pays like to goers We understand family is important and we get it that parenthood can have its challenges We're here to try to give you a helping hand by providing some information, but please don't take any of this personally Moms are great Rather they can be great, but we know that some mother and child relationships aren't so great Maybe you're worrying about whether you are or are going to be that good mom Or maybe you're the child who wants to analyze the kind of relationship that you have with your mother and what impact it's had Either or let's take a look at five kinds of unhealthy mother-child relationships to watch out for and please note that these refer to the child as Being prior to adulthood number one bosom buddies She's my best friend.  The reality if that's truly what it is Not so much. This kind of relationship is egalitarian meaning neither party has authority over the other This means nobody is in charge. The mother is exhibiting a permissive parenting style That's not healthy and has negative long-term repercussions We're in sharing secrets from child to parent have shown to result in higher quality relationships and a lower likelihood of delinquency The mother burdening the child with things like personal problems and economic strains has shown detriment to the child What can be concluded based on these findings?  It should be just enough to help them learn and understand mom as a human number two boss and subordinate Before we talked about no one in charge This is swinging the pendulum way to the other side where mom is constantly a micromanaging dictator The typical scenario the child wants to go on a trip They ask mom and have outlined all the safety measures and all the educational mental and recreational benefits Sounds golden and yet the response is no I've decided what you're going to do and it's this thing that I have decided The child reiterates the benefits pleading their case yet the answer is still No, this is my final decision. This is for you and your own good mother knows best Watching psycho and Bates motel we can see this is not a precursor to healthy things The micromanaging spawns feelings of inadequacy and despite sharing this with mom She's dismissive enforces her rules and expectations as law since only she can possibly know what's good for you Your words and choices have zero validity if this is constant without any give This leads to the child feeling insecure and helpless They may suffer from low self-esteem and be very fearful of rejection Possibly to the detriment of any future choices number three the role reversal relationship the entire role of a mother is to raise Care for and protect the child because as non adults They do not have the fully formed mental or emotional capacity equipped to care for themselves or others Yet, this is exactly what happens in the role reversal relationship also known as Parenthood vacation an unfortunate but realistic scenario is when there's a divorce and the child is nowhere near adulthood But is old enough to perform basic functions the mother starts acting consistently reckless Irresponsible and maybe even violent since mom is no longer being mom The needs of the child for comfort attention and guidance must all be sacrificed so they can fulfill the logistical and emotional needs of the mother a Parenthood child has to bear the responsibility of becoming a parent to mom because the latter neglects their own parental role psychotherapist Dr. Samuel Lopez de Victoria notes there are two types of Parenthood vacation emotional and instrumental. Let's start with emotional. This is the most destructive type of Parenthood vacation the child is forced to meet the emotional and psychological needs of the parent the mother doesn't get these needs fulfilled from her partner So she forces this confident a role on the child with instrumental the child is expected to be a tool The child is forced to be an adult caregiver by taking over the physical responsibilities of the parent to near Exclusion of being able to be a kid an example is having to constantly cook and raise their siblings since their parent is not doing it The fallout is that the grown-up parentified child may experience difficulty building a healthy connection with their friends spouse or their own children Number four the emotionally absent mother So how are things with your mom? Is she distant preoccupied or only consistent in her inconsistency regarding your emotional needs? You just might have an emotionally absent mother UK psychologist Dr. Becky Spellman notes that a mother can intuit their child's emotions and respond appropriately to suit them If they're uneasy like a warm hug for example When a mother is emotionally absent, she lacks the empathy to meet the child's emotional needs Cognitive development starts at around age five and it's around this time The child might notice the mother ignores them despite their efforts to engage with her The message they get is that engaging is useless So they start to suppress their emotions which can become a precursor to mental health issues such as eating disorders and other types of addictions Further down the road in adulthood It can also impact intimate relationships where they choose partners who are just as absent as the parent was They may also become closed off because of the heightened fear of rejection.  Information from this video has been based on certified research and studies Details of which have been shortened for the sake of brevity if you would like a full list of references feel free to Write to us and ask if you enjoyed this video be sure to like it and hit the subscribe button for more content Thanks so much for watching and we'll see you again soon


So what do you think about the conference? Does it fulfill your expectations regarding democratic development? I think so, yes. I think as a conference on democracy, it's turned out to be a democratic event in itself. And I was very impressed last night by the large debate where we were about 20 people on stage discussing for three hours how to discuss democratic issues. And I think you managed to bring some very interesting thinkers here to all the center. And most of all, stress the fact that democracy is not just something that is good that we should be cheering on like it was a good football too.


Everybody forced here ripping two boxes for twyman beat twyman's got a 2021 bowman chrome baseball hobby and a 2022 bowman chrome baseball hobby Let's start with 22 and then we'll go to 21. Thanks again twyman for the order and good luck again guys This is the last Rip of the night right here. I'm more personals tomorrow night after group breaks yellow will Monday as 36 out of 75 base first woman auto Michael Hernandez young kill Fernandez Placencia Steven Kwan rookie Blaze Jordan insert the purple shimmer a trace weenie That one's 84 of 250 Oscar Colas first woman base our second mini box in 2022 First woman refractor Alexis Hernandez Number 395 out of 499 Arias Miranda green first woman out of Jonathan Machia 79 of 99 nice true green Invicta Joe Mack Henry Davis insert Curtis Mead Marcella Meyer insert Matt McLean bergola and 2021 bowman chrome hobby now All right, there's an aqua Logan Gilbert numbered 48 of 125. There's something on that card. You see that come off 40-man Hedbert Perez Huh, that's where this like I'm like, yeah Where are gonna glory? Yeah, it's not coming off easily We don't want to pick at it. So I'm gonna send them the box and wrapper. No never seen something like that on the card I know this is the last one of the night More personals tomorrow night. Holy Rodriguez summer camp insert Nick Gonzalez a Fuchsia Keston here at 266 of 299 biggest hit tonight Probably Steph Curry Nebula one of one from spectra first bowman auto Joshua Nkowsky With his Sharpie there he is Order man futures Maximo Costa. Yeah, it's probably the biggest. There are some other big hit There's some other pretty big hits, but that's the one that comes to my mind first. So I'm going with that shimmer Miguel Amaya Non-numbered Zach Veen summer camp. That's two packs. There's an atomic Jeter Downs summer camp insert 51 of 150 Kero Carreras the auto in here.  Thank you again for the order. We'll get these cards out to you shortly


The risk we have in Europe, and I sense the risk in South Africa, is that we are securitising migration. We are beginning to portray it as a security threat. It's threatening our national security, it's threatening employment and so on and so forth. The problem with securitising migration is that you then begin to legitimise extraordinary responses. If it's a security issue then we can legitimise doing some quite extraordinary things to try to deal with this national security threat. And I think it's very important indeed that we try not to portray migration in those terms. Let's see it as economic, let's talk about development, but let's move away from this idea that there's a security threat out there.


The Grape Nuts Flakes Program starring Jack Benny with Mary Livingston, Phil Harris, Dennis Day, Rochester, and yours truly, Don Wilson. Here's your chance to join the NMLF for Breakfast Club. Now you do it this way. The NMLF for Breakfast Club means no more long faces for breakfast. And the way to avoid them is to serve plenty of delicious toasty brown Grape Nuts Flakes. The breakfast treat that helps to start your day off with a smile. Yes, it's that moldy rich flavor that does it. Your favorite Grape Nuts flavor in crisp, tempting toasty flake form. A flavor that's been tops of breakfast for well over four decades now. So start them smiling at breakfast and keep them smiling at work with delicious moldy rich Grape Nuts Flakes.  Hold it, Don. Hold it. I'm not appearing on this program tonight until Mary Livingston and Phil Harris get out of the studio. What?  I'm not going to associate with those two smart alleys. Oh, lay off, Jackson.   Now get away from me or I'll kick you. You do, and you can turn your bridge work into the scrap drive. I can, eh? Oh, calm down, Jack. We both told you we were sorry. Listen, Mary, every time you get me into a jam, you're sorry. If you were a man, I'd ask you to step out in the alley. For you, an alley is stepping out. That's so. For heaven's sake, what's going on here? Jack, why are you so angry with Mary and Phil? Shall I tell him Phil? Sure, why not? Well, I'm not going to hear it. Now, wait a minute, Jack. Where are you going? Across the street to the tropics for a zombie. Do you mean the drink or is your girl meeting you there? I mean the drink. Goodbye. Gee, Mary, a zombie's a pretty tough drink for a guy like Jackson, ain't it? Ah, he doesn't drink them. He just ties a knot in the straw, yells whoopie, and passes out when the check comes. But no kidding. He's really mad this time. Well, tell me, Mary, what's this all about? Well, last Friday, Jack called up and asked me if I wanted to go over to Warner Brothers Theatre and see a preview of his new picture, George Washington Slept Here. Yes, but why is he mad at you and Phil? I'm coming to that. Jack told me to be at his house about 3.30, and he dragged me to Hollywood in the horse and buggy. He hadn't had his nag out in traffic before, and he wanted to see how she's behaved. Whoa, Leona, whoa. A Rochester. Rochester's the buggy all greased. I'm finishing it up now, boss. Good. Put on your old gray bonnet with the blue ribbononet. And we'll hit all Leona to the shape. Boom, boom, boom, boom. Through the fields of clover, we will ride to Dover on our golden wedding. Leona, whoa, girl. She's hungry. She's hungry? Well, I'm taking care of her now. One, two, three, four, five. Don't count those old boys. Just dump them in. Overfeed Leona. She'll lose her beautiful figure.  She's so vain. But she is a fine-looking animal, isn't she, Rochester? Would that sway back? No, her back isn't so swayed. Then how come when you sit on her, you can't see over her head? Well, peek around. She isn't a saddle horse, anyway. You know, I don't like the way Leona favors that right leg. I think I'll rub it down. Where's the horse liniment, Rochester? What? The horse liniment. Where is it? Right there in that big brown bottle, but I think it's empty. Empty? That liniment bottle is empty? Don't look at me, boss. I ain't touching any of that stuff since Provision. Oh, no. Well, somebody's been hitting this bottle. I'm going to find out who it is. That liniment is powerful stuff. She's really going to have a hangover. Shall I fix her a bucket of brommos? No, just put some sense in her oats and let's get going. Now, Rochester, I'll put the bridal on and you take care of the other end. Get the harness. Okay. Now, hold still, Leona. Hold still while I put this nice bridal on you. Don't back up. I got her. Here, Leona. Here. Leona, stop kissing me. So darn affectionate. How are you making out with the harness, Rochester? I'm all tangled up, boss. She's got her front legs crossed. Well, uncross them. Here, I'll help you. You pull the left leg and I'll pull the right. Together now. Go. Had enough of you. Maybe we can sell her to WC Fields. Never mind. Leona, get up. All right, sister. You ask for it. Get the jack, Rochester. It's right there in the buggy. Okay. And no need of winking at me, Leona. You're getting up off that floor. Here's the boss jack. Here's the jack, boss. Some of that liniment, too, brother. Rochester, put that jack under her stomach. There. We'll be ready in a minute. Well, for heaven's sake, what are you doing? What do you think we're doing? We're jacking up Leona. Has she got a flash? No, she fell down, that's all. There, she's up now. We'll be ready to leave for the movie in a few minutes, Mary. I want to get there before six o'clock. Why so early? Leona's going to a cocktail party. She is not. Say, Mary, I bet you can hardly wait to see my new picture. You know, they say it's one of the finest things I've ever done. Who's they? They, they, the New York critics. Their reviews were simply wonderful. Oh, yes. I saw them on the bulletin board in front of your house. Well, there are a lot of hi-hat picture stars around this neighborhood, and I think they ought to see them. By the way, was there anyone looking at the board when you came in? Just a couple of blue jays, but how often do they go to a movie? Well, let's get going. Hop in the buggy, Mary. Watch out now. Don't hit your head on the canopy. Oh, fine. I feel like a Floridora girl. That was a pretty swanky buggy, if that's what you mean. Swanky? That Chelsea's Market painted on the side. You can barely see it. Touch that up a little in the morning, Rochester. Everybody set? Yeah. Let's go. Get up, Leona. Where's that jingle, jingle, jingle? He don't measure no mold from heads to toes, and he do's from 15 chins and a line of chives. He's a mellow cat, a real heft fat. He'd be Mr. Five by Five. That man can really jump it for a fat man. The only trouble is there's no way of knowing whether he's coming on or going Mr. Five by Five. He's slightly plump on the solid side. He don't shake it no mold from head to toe, then he do's from side to side.  Slightly plump on the solid side. He don't shake it no mold from head to toe, then he do's, then he do's from side to side. Hey, that off my Maxwell. Well, listen so bad, eh, Mary? An hour and a half we're almost in Hollywood. I bet old man Schultz used to make it in an hour and with a load of fish besides. He had a meat market, Schultz's meat market. Hold her back a little, Rochester. I don't like the way Leona keeps stumbling. That's your fault, boss. I told you not to put high heels on her shoes. They're not so high. See, isn't that Dennis walking along there? Where? Coming out of that flower shop. Oh, Dennis! Dennis! Hello, Mr. Benny. Pull up here, Rochester.  Where you going, Dennis? Over to Dorothy Lamour's house. Hmm, still going with Lamour. I can't understand it. So you have a date with her, eh, kid? Yeah, I just bought her a geranium to wear on her dress. A geranium? Listen, Dennis, when a young man takes a flower to his girl, it should be an orchid. I'm dumb. I can get away with murder. You've got something there. Where are you and Dorothy going, Dennis? What a night! I got a rowboat reserved at Westlake Park. Hmm, a rowboat. In that case, a geranium is overdoing us. Say, Dennis, we're just going to see a preview of my new picture, George Washington Slept Here. Would you like to come along? Well, I promised Dorothy I'd be over early. You can see her later. Now you hop in this buggy, kid. You're going to the show with us. What, Mr. Benny? There'll be no buts about it. According to the loyalty clause in your contract, you've got to see my picture. Now hop in. Okay. Get going, Rochester. Yeah, Leona! Stop frowning, Dennis. You don't have to pout, either. Well, I want to go rowing in the park with Dorothy tonight. You can go rowing tomorrow. But I already took my seasick pills. Well, you'll be all set. There's a big rain scene in my picture. Pull up, Rochester. There's a red light ahead. Whoa, Leona! I can't get over it. How Dorothy Lamour can go out with Dennis after she turned me down, I'll never know. Well, for one thing, Jack, Dennis is young and cute. Well, I'm cute, too. He's not bad-looking. Well, I'm not bad-looking, either. And when you dance with him, he doesn't grab a hold of your shoulder straps like they were on a streetcar. I don't grab a hold either, only when I'm whirling. Well, get going, Rochester. There's the bell. Get me up, Leona.  Why is he moving? What's the matter with her? I'll take a look, boss. Doc, don't you've got her legs crossed again. Oh, for Pete's sake! Well, I'm tangling. We're blocking traffic. I can't do it alone, boss. All right. I'll get out and help you. Come on. Come on. Get going there. Okay, Rochester, together now. One, two... Oh, honey, we're blocking traffic. Get the jack again, Rochester. Here you are, boss. Thanks. That ought to get her up. Who's coming? Oh, fine. Well, what's going on here? Oh, are you a policeman? No. No, I'm just wearing this star because I've been a good boy this week. Ah, very clever. Well, start talking, buddy. What's going on here? Well... Now, look, here's what... When you see, officer, my horse has a habit of laying down on the street. Laying down in the street? Yes, sir. That's lying down. Lying. Okay, lying. Here's a ticket for blocking traffic. Okay, okay. And here's another one for using bad English. Now, wait a minute, officer. You can't give me a ticket for using bad English. It don't make sense. It doesn't make sense. All right, it doesn't make sense. It's not right. Rochester, start with that jack. Leona's feet are way up off the ground. Now, put her down. Do as I tell you. Sorry, officer. We'll be on our way in a minute. When do I have to be in court? First thing Monday morning, right after you have your grapes nuts flake. That's grape nuts flake, Smarty. Let's go, Rochester. You're the only one. Imagine giving me a ticket for using bad English. I don't like it. You doesn't like it.  First place, there's nothing wrong with my English. There is, too. Even Fred Allen mentioned it last week. Oh, is he speaking English now? What does Allen know about English? He knows plenty. He used to be on a couple of newspapers. He was on a lot of newspapers. He slept on them in Central Park. And I know. You should.  I've hated him ever since. What a guy. Just the same, Mr. Benny. Fred Allen is very clever. Only as a ventriloquist. He moves his mouth while his nose does the talking. So much for dull but prominent people. This is in that window there, aren't they adorable? Oh, I wouldn't be seen. Oh, for you. Oh, yeah, they're pretty good looking. Now stop the buggy, Rochester. I want to get out. Okay, Miss Limson. Whoa, Leona. Leona, put your hind feet down. Now listen, Mary, you haven't time to buy any dresses now. It's almost six o'clock. Well, why do we have to get to the theater before six? Well... Oh, that's right. The prices change. That's not the reason. I'm not rushing to the theater because I'm worried about the prices changing. Then why have you and Rochester both got whips? They came with the buggy. Schultz used to beat his wife with the extra one. Well, anyway, the theater's only a block away. I'll be there before you are. Don't be late. That's all. It's 20 to six already. Step on it, Rochester. Get me out, Leona. 10 minutes to six and Mary isn't here yet. I was going to look at her dress and meet me here in front of the theater. There's a woman for you. There's a woman. Where, Mr. Benny? I'm talking about Mary. Any man who has to get someplace in a hurry and takes a woman with him ought to have his head examined. My brother went on a honeymoon in a hurry and he took a woman with him. Well, naturally, Mary doesn't get here before six. Oh, Rochester, here I am. Well, I parked the horse and buggy, boys. That's 50 cents you owe me. 50 cents? It only costs a quarter on that parking lot. I know, but Leona's switched out across two spaces. Laying down. Lying down again, eh? Well, get the jack, Rochester. Get the jack. Get the jack. Next time she lays down, I'm going to give her a hot hook. Do as I tell you. Hmm. Mary isn't here yet. Eight minutes to six and then the prices change. My watch says nine minutes to six. It does? Oh, yeah. Let me have it, kid. You may need it in case of an argument. That's a woman for you. Have to go and look at a dress. Say, Mr. Benny, here comes Don Wilson. Oh, yes. Why has he got that muffler wrapped around his face? Hello, Don. Where are you going? On the way to the desk, Jack. I got awful toothache. A toothache? I hope I'm all right for sure. When I tell folks about those toasty brown sweets and that greatness flake in a big 12-ounce economy size package. Say, Don, my picture is having a preview here tonight. How would you like to come in and see it? I'd love to, Jack, but just do this still on me. I'll see you there. Now, just a minute there, Don Wilson. If you read your contract closely, look at that clause on page 87. It says, I hereby promise to attend all previews and first showings of Jack Benny's pictures. And furthermore, promise to whistle, cheer, and applaud on cue for the first showings on cue from the party of the first part. Now, you know it's in there. Well, Jack, how can I whistle with a toothache? You can stomp your feet. Now, get up there and buy a ticket. Okay, Jack. I'll do the best I can. You're better. Can I go with him, Mr. Benny? Yes, yes. And save a couple of extra seats.  See you inside. Okay. Wow, what a picture. That Benny's a scream. Not yet. Okay, get inside. That kid's got too much pep. I'll have to get him to donate another pint of blood to the Red Cross. Five minutes to six. Well, I'm not waiting for Mary. I'm going to buy a ticket right now. Just a minute there, buddy. Get in line. But I'm Jack. Oh, he wouldn't believe me. They never do. I'll get in line here. Hiya, Jackson. Look who I brung to see your picture. Oh, it's a baby. Three minutes to six. Phil, hold my place in line. I got to go and get Mary. Sorry, you'll have to keep your own place, Mr. Oh, all right. Will you stop pushing me, you fresh old man? I'm not fresh. Somebody behind me is pushing. Here, Phil, I'll hold the baby. You run and get Mary. She's in the little dress shop right across the street. Okay, Jackson, but hold her tight now. Okay. And hurry. There, there. Remember me, honey? It's your Uncle Jackie. She's as nervous as I am. Oh, pardon me, madam. Will you please stop pushing me, you brute? I'm not a brute. Then what have you got that whip for? I forgot to leave it in my buggy. I just want to know what time it is. I can't see my watch with this baby in my arms. It's one minute to six. One minute to six? Gosh, only 60 seconds and the, and the prices change. Hmm, what's keeping Phil? Where's Mary? She couldn't wait till tomorrow. She had to buy a dress now. How much time we got, madam? 45 seconds. 45 seconds and the prices change. Hmm. She couldn't wait. What time is it now, madam? 30 seconds. 30 seconds to go. Hmm. The tickets cost 21 cents more after six. 21 times four. No, 21 times three. The baby's under 21. I mean under 12. What, what, what's it now, madam? 15 seconds. 15 seconds. Thank heaven there's only one person in front of me. Hurry up, madam. Buy your ticket. How many, please? Just one. Oh, hello, Mamie. You're mine. How she is. Buy your ticket. Good. Now it's my turn. How many, sir? I'll have three seats on the... Well, I was in line anyway. I'll have three seats to 44 cents, please. I'm sorry, sir. The seats just went up to 65. I've been standing here for 15 minutes ready to buy a ticket. Now here's my money. Give me those tickets. I'll get you again. What are you up to now? This is my affair, officer. Get moving, buddy. Get moving. You're not scaring me. Hold this baby and I'll punch you right in the nose. Oh, you will, eh? Oh, my goodness. Come on. Stop crying, sweetheart. Now buy us some ice cream. I'll see my picture 40 or 50 times anyway. Come on. The last time you went without breakfast, that awful let down that you felt, that should have taught you a lesson, that you can't do your best work unless you feel well. And to feel well, you must be well fed. Now, to profit from that little lesson, you might resolve to do just this. See that you take on a nourishing breakfast before you take on your work. And make sure that nourishing breakfast includes delicious, multi-rich grape nut flakes.  This means they bring you important vitamins of the vital food factors all of us need. Yes, grape nut flakes provide iron, niacin, and a generous supply of the essential nerve and energy vitamin B1. So remember, for a full speed ahead breakfast that really stays with you, ask your grocer for delicious, toasty brown grape nut flakes in the 12-ounce economy-sized package. That was the last number of the eighth program in the new Grape Nuts Flakes series. And we'll be with you again next Sunday night at the same time. Say, Jack, I heard at Eddie Cantor announced that you're going to be on his program this Wednesday. That's right. I've accepted an engagement there. Well, haven't you heard about that new wage ceiling? Who gets money from Candor? Good night, folks. The next minute program is written by Bill Morrow and Ed Beloy. Friends, if you like the multi-rich goodness of toasty brown grape nut flakes, you'll like delicious hot grape nut sweet meal, the new hot cereal member of the Grape Nuts family. Hot Grape Nuts Sweet Meal is rich with the flavor of fresh roasted wheat, chopped full of health-building whole grain food values, including iron, niacin, and extra vitamin B1. And it cooks to heartwarming, thrifty perfection in three minutes flat. Try hot Grape Nuts Sweet Meal tomorrow. This program came to you from Hollywood. This is the National Broadcasting Company.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards and I am ripping five packs of 2022 Panini Father's Day for Jenna M. So good luck Jenna. Let's get into this. We've got Stefan Marbury. Look at that. Starberry right there. And Jaden Hardy, NBA G League. Nice one there. That's cool. So you get an awesome first look at a lot of like new players and their new threads and, you know, rookies in their new jerseys and such. Really cool product we got here. Got Trevor Lawrence. There you go. For the Clemson, for the Clemson Tigers. Got Crystal Lave, rookie for Ohio State, now a saint. That's awesome read. Glad you were able to stop by. Matt T. Going to be a while, I would say a few hours most likely Matt. We've got a lot of these silver and Father's Day packs to get through and then we'll be back more into boxes as well. So you'll go tonight, obviously just a little bit later. Kauai Leonard and Jaden Ivy for Purdue. That's sweet. They're just like exclusive Panini packs more than anything T-hop. Yeah, no problem Matt. As we get closer, I'll let you know too. Got Jonathan Taylor and rookie Jonathan Kaminga warriors. There you go Jenna. We've got LeBron. There you go. Nice Bron and red Kevin Durant, four of 99. Sweet hit there. Nice one Jenna. That's awesome. That'll do it for your break there. Jenna, congrats on all the hits. We'll get those right out to you. Thanks again.