Today, we are going to talk about priestesses and priests. So I thought, at least as a background image, to give you the Vestal Virgins and Numa and then above my head exploding out is the fire burning on an altar. Hey there in Indiana. So I hope you guys are well and safe wherever you are. We are doing pretty well here in Rome. If you follow along Museum Week, this nice collaboration we have going, I've gone to and I told you, I promise you, we're going to be filming Museo Nazanale Romano for museums and as part of the collaboration Museum Week, they allowed me the extraordinary opportunity to film in Palazzo Altam, one of those museums and I have to let this little somebody is trapped in the room, so one second, okay, so I think you guys are all here and we can get started. But just to say, Monday was Palazzo Altam yesterday was Parco Apia and we're going to be going back to all these places and filming by a great cinematographer, I'm going to be working with. Today, it was Museo Trusco, the Truscan Museum, with the director go to my Facebook page to see that. We'll be loading up other videos from these days, these visits on YouTube, I'm behind on a number of webinars as well, I apologize for those of me going up one at a time, day by day and then tomorrow we are premiering a video, a beautiful video that we did in March called Roads of Arabia, a traveling exhibition that's been traveling for years and years, came to Rome finally in the Basidiocletian Museum, and we were allowed to film with the last day of the exhibition, it's going to give you a great feel for the archeological site as well as some of the collection that is traveling around the world, that was a great opportunity, we're happy to share it with you, tomorrow it premieres at 3 p.m. All the information, hey there, Dana, the Truscan Museum was great, thank you very much, hey Robin, so what we're going to be doing is, we're also starting a lot of collaborations with schools, we have a membership that's coming up to support us annually, a lot of you have contributed, so we thank you so much, that's giving us a lot of momentum and drive and we'll be offering other content as the year moves on, looks like a lot of people will be doing school next year and university virtually, so we'll be here for you, okay, so today's talk is going to be focusing on priests and priestesses, and obviously when we look at Roman religion and we look at women's role in Roman religion, we see time and time again that they remain usually excluded, marginalized, subordinate, and at times even essential if we want to think, say, of the best of burdens, so we will talk about men and women, where the priests perform, what their background is, what their roles are depending on which priestly college, so we're just going to go through and review and talk about men and women in ancient Rome, so the priests, what are they doing, they are then traditionally the ones in charge, they are the ones that are going to be formulating and interpreting sacred law, they are the ones that continually are consulting the gods through different means, augury looking at the birds flying in the sky in the prescribed space, they're consulting sacred texts like the civil line books, they are leaving an extensive epigraphic record of procedures, so in all these accounts then it's pretty much men that are doing this and domestically, everything state versus domestic, who's in charge of the home, the pater familius, so this is the person that makes the sacrifices on behalf of the well-being of the household, the various festivals of the dead, leads to funerary processions, and so forth, so then let's turn to women for a moment before we talk about priestesses, think about how many people are kept traditionally away from the activity of say a sacrifice, women, girls, foreigners, prisoners, you don't want them usually, there are some exceptions, but usually you don't want them near the activity of the sacrifice. Plutarch, famous author, he gives us a lot of information about this, says he addresses the question of why wives were not permitted to grind, grain, or prepare meat at ancient times for their husbands, and then refers to the story of the Vestal Virgins, so an exception of that is going to be the Vestal Virgins themselves, but they are particular figures we'll see shortly because they are by definition Virgins, so they're already in another category, they're not going the normal route that people go, which is getting married and having children and so forth, so they become sacrosanct, they become holy people, so therefore they do special activities that's just not the norm for other women in society. Women also think about this, women are prohibited from drinking undiluted wine, that was for undiluted wines and strong stuff, that was for men during sacrifice and the gods, so let's turn then for a minute about the priestesses, there aren't that many really to look at per se on the grand scale, but looming large is the Vestal Virgins, public priestesses, they do 30 years of service, and by the way for this we do have a great video on HRM Live in the HRM Investi, they are public priestesses that do 30 years, they spend 10 years learning the trade, 10 years practicing, and then 10 years teaching the next one's coming in, so that's 30 years of service, they have a vow of chastity and sexual abstinence, and in a certain sense they are going to be married to ritually at least, not in practice, but to the Pontifex Maximus, so there's a priestly college, we'll get into the priestly colleges afterwards and the Vestal Virgins are in the Pontifical College and the Pontifex Maximus is the one in charge of that priestly college, so they have sacrificial knives, they do participate in some blood rituals, and they have special privileges, they'll have a lictor, they have a bodyguard, they are able to go around in a wagon in the city, very rare, and all kinds of interesting things are associated with them, if they witness a crime, somebody comes to them and asks them for sanctuary, then they are absolved of that crime, but they also have to swear that this wasn't a setup, that they didn't know that person and so on and so forth, so the Vestal Virgins are very very particular and have a lot of perks, it's enough to just think about where the Temple of Vesta is in the form and then where they live to protect that flame, to grind grain and mix it in with salt brine, and that's sprinkled on the sacrificial victims in the city of Rome, but it's something that's been concocted made, this Mola Salza has been made by the hands of the Vestal Virgins, so it has that extra religious um for power. The Fominica is the wife of the Flamen and the Flamen de Alis is the priest and dedicated to uh Jupiter, so they are also going to be then in a special kind of have a special status and um they're going to be uh participating in certain uh processions. Let's turn to the cult of Ceres and her daughter Persephone, um so you have then the practice that versus most of the temples and most of the gods have male priests, this deity and these two deities have priests that are matrons, that is married people, and they have a special privilege along with the Vestal Virgins of administering a public cult and expending public funds, so that's a really interesting religious aspect for the goddess of grain, who is a very important goddess to the Romans, especially when you think about the grain dole and the importance of grain feeding the people of Rome, and you know the participants in the cult are basically matrons and maidens, and there are lots of neutral liturgies, that is a prescribed set of forms for public religious worship, so there are going to be certain instances throughout the year in the calendar when there are going to be sacrifices and it's going to be carried by women, so examples of non-blood sacrifices will be say the noni caprotini, which is geared towards fertility of women, where they are the offering is the sap of the wild fig which is sacred to Juno, so it's kind of like milk if you ever look at the sap of a fig tree, in the matronalia flowers are given to Juno at her temple on the Escoline, so there are many many acts, forms of piety, festivals that are carried out by women for women, the matralia, well-born matrons in the first marriage went to Matamartuta temple at dawn and drive out evil and darkness, April 1st, Venus Ferticordia, Fortuna Virilis, you have rites in the circus maximus and a nearby bathhouse, but essentially they are then the ones that are taking care of those particular cold statues, Fortuna Virilis, so the priestess is a univiera and there's a particular myth associated with it of Coriolanus and in this legend the Roman matron equals the adult male citizen of arms or arm-bearing age and the privilege is limited to just one day and one cult, so you've got these instances in which women are empowered for a particular festival throughout the year, there's limitations on this, there's a kind of cap, but it's like women's day through the year for various aspects, for well-being, for health, for childbearing, for fertility throughout the year, Purukittia, Bonadia, and then there are going to be a lot of supplications, so we're giving thanksgivings to the gods, women are participating in ceremonies as well and also during the secular games, so obviously when you're thinking about a society and you're thinking about participation and you want to think about inclusion, you think about then the general population, you cannot exclude women, but then we think about the overall situation, the overall realities of the Roman world, men are voting in the Republic, that women and so on, obviously there's going to be a lot of exclusion, but these instances, these various rites and traditions and festivals and of course the role of the Vesta Virgins and the priestesses of the cult of the Ceres are also very important and underlined that women have quite a role in Roman society. Are certain women selected to be Vesta Virgins? For most of the history of the Vesta Virgins they come from the quote-unquote good families, the educated families, the people of certain status, and that's almost all the way through in the history that's where the Vesta Virgins are coming from, they're coming from senatorial class, that's the way it was for most of the time. Now in the fringes of religious life we can think about the Bacchanalia, the famous Bacchanalia decree in 186 BC where there are a lot of rites, they're held privately and a lot of people are fraternizing together, freed men, slaves, women and men and that ultimately is considered a no-no and they put down in the second century BC a lot of that activity not because there's anything wrong in the worship of Bacchus, but the fact that the senate is not pleased that there's an association of women and men that are not married to each other, so think of it in those terms. Again think about women and to a certain degree we could say they're disqualified in Roman society, they can't do all the things that men can do, but with the Vesta Virgins, with the caring of the flame of Vesta, with the the Sibyl who's the priestess of Paul of Cumi giving the Sibylian books, the wife of the Flamen Dialis and they also have roles within the household, obviously women are essential particularly regarding the rites of fertility, rites of marriage, obviously everything that the matron does, the matron is right there alongside with the husband and the paterfumilius and they can help occasionally in the role in the masculine role in a very with a very very limited purpose some of the things of which we've already undermined, so I do think we want to keep all those things in mind when we think about Roman religion and we touch upon this a little bit in other webinars about daily life for children, education, just living in the city and where are the women, they're there, they're everywhere but I think that this little look into the role of women in religion shows there's a lot of exclusion but then for a lot of specific instances through the year and roles and aspects of the lives of of children going into adulthood, getting married and participating in particular cults of deities that then have special aspects relating to lives of women then they have obviously a more prominent role and then of course over here you have the Vestal Verge and we talked about how important they are, so we do a quick rundown of religion of the ancient Romans and we think about what Romulus gave to the people, so cults like the Lupercalia Festival, the Consolalia Festival, Jupiter Peretris, Jupiter Stator, at one point I think we've talked about the lack of Cursus and then the deification of Romulus followed by this guy behind me, Numa who's setting up a lot of the calendar, the worship of Janus, the month of January that is, and the role of the auger, one of these priests that will interpret the signs from Jupiter in the sky, looking at birds and interpreting, he's supposed to be setting up the role of the Vestal Virgin, the role of the Pontifex, this very important priest that we'll be talking about, so when we look at regal period, we're looking at the Seven Kings of Rome, each king is going to be contributing something to the development and the religious system according to the oral tradition of the Romans, Romulus, Numa, the Tarquin, Servicetilius, and so forth. So there are going to be lots of religious sources and oral traditions that we can take a look at. We also look at the epigraphic evidence, the inscriptions, and we look at the different elected officials because that's the whole thing. When we look at religion today and we're looking at the priest, we're looking at the priestess, we're looking at the person in charge of a temple or a mosque, a church, and we think about that person's role. Instead in ancient Rome, they're almost all elected officials that have the supreme authority of divination, interpreting the signs of the gods. So we have the seven men bore bankwaters, the septum viri epulonis, we have the duovir, which eventually becomes a two-men group, which then becomes a ten-men group, and then finally a fifteen-men group, the quindecin viri sacri subquinis, so this group of men for conducting the rites, so that people in charge of the religious banquets, the people in charge of religious rites. Then we have the augurs that are going to be observing birds and lightning strikes and all kinds of unusual phenomena like comets passing by. That's number three, the augurs, and then there is going to be the college of the pontiffs. Maybe this one stands out because who is the pope today, but the pontifex matimus. So we take an old idea of a priestly college, the most famous one, ultimately the most powerful one.  You can be devoted to Jupiter, one can be devoted to Mars, one can be devoted to Quirino, but the head of the whole college is the pontifex maximus, there are other minor priests, and then the pontifex maximus is in charge, as we said earlier, the vestal virgins. So if a vestal virgin misbehaves, one, that's the flame boat of the temple of Vesta, they get whipped by the pontifex maximus. If the vestal virgin who's taken a vow of chastity is found to be not chased, they are punished by being buried alive. Who conducts this, who carries out the sentence? The pontifex maximus, that's after a trial. So and there are a couple of instances recorded when it did happen. Sometimes it looks like there was a little bit of scapegoating, like in the reign of Domitian, but it was a serious, serious thing to consider. Yes, so coming back here to some more questions about the vestal virgins. Certain women selected to be vestal virgins were talking about people from the upper classes, thinking about them being educated, proper reading and writing, probably knowing Latin and Greek and so forth, and what age would one typically become a vestal virgin? Six, something like that.  You can get married, most of them do not, but some of them do. So yes, we're really I think got a lot of interest in this very particular group of women in a prestigious location in the Roman Forum with direct access to the emperor, ultimately, when there is the emperor living on the Palatine Hill, and they were in charge of his will. So they would often intercede on behalf of somebody who wanted favors or to get close to the emperor. So when you go into the atrium vestal, you see all these beautiful statues of the vestal virgins that were found. They were destined for a lime kiln. They're all dumped together, but never burned down for lime. So they were set up again in the atrium. What we see is the inscriptions that are preserved is people thanking the mother superior over and over again. So the leader of the vestal virgins, there's got to be one leader, and the inscriptions usually say, thank you so much, Benevolent. Well, thank you so much for your help and so on. So you can imagine the networking and the political aspect of the vestal virgins, especially in the imperial period. I've talked about a lot of priests, but who is the person then that's in charge of a temple? A person's there every day, upkeeping and making sure the gods are being pleased. That's an edictus, so a person in charge of the actual structure. So we don't look at that person as a priest, but more like a keeper, an overseer of the temple itself. They're almost like a custodian, a guardian of that particular temple. Could provide information to visitors. Hey, what's about that temple? Who's that god who made it? When was it refounded? And so forth. And then there are lots of smaller, minor priesthoods. They are our brethren, the Lester Flaminese, the Fethiales, the Salii. They go around and dance, say an archaic dance when required when Rome was going to declare war on somebody. So there are lots of interpretations and lots of changes in the religious system, but then there's a lot of tradition. And sometimes even the Salii are these guys that in the imperial period nobody even knows what they're actually talking about. Doesn't even know that archaic language that they're speaking. So you need to get the signs from the gods. And the divination is then the reading of those signs from the gods. You can interpret messages or signs through taking the auspices, reading portents, viewing prodigies, having dreams, or also even having prophecies. And then a number of people are then in charge, charged with interpreting those. So, for example, you can go to the diviners. They're not priests, but they're diviners, the herispicies, that would then practice the Etruscan art of looking at the entrails of a sacrificial victim. Oh, that heart is in this shape. Oh, that liver looks like this. Oh, the spleen is enlarged. And so they would interpret whatever they find from the sacrificial victim. And also they could look in the sky and interpret what the lightning strike meant, a lightning strike, or thunder, or an earthquake. So they're putting interpretation onto some sort of natural formality. And something strange or a miraculous occurrence takes place that could also be interpreted, like hail. So when you have a hail storm, you go, oh, wow, that's amazing. Look at all the hail. But in ancient times, as rare as it is today, it would be, ooh, this means something. Don't go start that war today. Don't run for that election or something like that. So true, true. I mean, it's all subject to interpretation. You can ignore the signs, you can interpret the signs that best fit you, and then think that all the things that we're talking about, we can pivot into the private space. We can pivot into rights at home, private tombs, you know, private life, your hopes and aspirations and so forth. And you're also going to be interpreting those signs. Hey, dad, dad, I saw this happen when I came home. You know, there's a famous one like this.  Okay, somebody's executed. Who knows what happened, right? But that was a sign. Was it a good sign? Was it a bad sign? And that's the sort of thing that needs to be interpreted. And then, of course, you interpret it to go off and do something. And then something bad happens to you. You say, oops, maybe interpret it incorrectly. Or I told you it was a bad sign and something bad happened to you. See, you're correct in interpreting as being a bad sign. So that's how people are going to kind of go along with this and really, you know, try to see these read into these strange things that take place in our lives. Today we say, oh, that's luck. Oh, that's a freaky accident. Or someone is trying to tell you something. Take this stuff seriously. You could have gotten hurt.  I mean, it's the whole way in which the Romans are dealing with realities as well. And then of course, you step in and you have philosophical views and schools. And they can actually coexist side by side for women and for men. It's not that because you believe you adhere to a philosophical belief or you become a Stoic or an Epicurean. It doesn't mean that all that stuff you were born and raised with and saw and the sacrifices and performances and pageantry and festivals is worthless. They can all coexist. And that is the, gives you a level of the complexity, or you can look at it the same.  But people like Cicero were coming to terms with different points of view and different interpretations of these strange things that happen in life, this natural phenomena and so on. And he himself was in the priestly colleges as well. So it's not really about the set and sense of a belief or, you know, adherence to all of these traditions. It's more like a participation in it and being part of the larger picture of what your ancestors did and it worked for them. And then you, men and women, priests and priestesses continue to perpetuate those traditions. And of course, with the passing of time, some modifications, some alterations, some adaptations, so things did continue to evolve and change. Let me see if there's another question. Yes, is it true the Vessel Virgins have front receipts at the Colosseum? Was it obligatory to attend and so forth? There's like a cinema ticket and it feels like it. Yes, so basically the Vessel Virgins were coming back to them. They enjoyed a special privilege and honor to be where normally speaking women could not be, to be, yes, in the front row across from the Emperor at the Colosseum, which was normally not for women. So we do have a lot of examples of the Vessel Virgins kind of bucking the norm. But again, they're women with special special relationships with the God Vesta. They're women that are then standing in for everybody to intercede on behalf of everybody, the state for the well-being of the city and ultimately the Empire. So this is a long-standing tradition. And I think it makes us really think then, as we kind of peel back the layers and we look at women in Roman society, just how prominent and just how much of a role we turn into politics and look at the way many women were famously involved in the discourse and the time of Julius Caesar and the Republic. A lot of Empresses, of course, are weighing in. There's a lot of politics going on in those family dynasties. And of course, right men didn't live in the Roman society and Rome and the Empire without women, without girls and the family and so forth. They're all there together. There are certain prescribed defined roles. And we then see different ways in which women were confined and other ways in which women had a lot of freedom compared to a lot of other people in the ancient world. We think about managing property. We know women are making investments. We know women are owning slaves. Women are entrepreneurial. Women have many jobs out there. So just look at the different things that people are doing. Women have been cited as being gladiators. Just every walk of life, women are participating. Women are going to the baths. Women are not in the military. Women are not going to be in the priestly colleges, per se, other than the Vestal Virgins. But we do see then, I think, just giving a quick cursory look at Roman religion, the role of priests and priestesses that women obviously are filling many important roles alongside men in different capacities. And then the real standout, I think, feature in Roman religion is then, of course, the role and the prominence of the Vestal Virgins. Thank you guys very much. Please subscribe to the YouTube channel. We dig Rome on YouTube. You can also get more information on the ancient Rome live.org website. We're going to continue to visit sites all week long through Sunday for Museum Week. We have a number of other great partnerships we'll be launching and celebrating. Tomorrow, we're going to be premiering a special video. We have permission to film the Rhodes of Arabia exhibition in the Museum de la Terre, so we'll be premiering that tomorrow. Look for that around 3 p.m. Rome time. Please take a look at that and share. And thank you guys for tuning in. And all webinars are going to be on the YouTube channel. Thank you guys very much. Have a great day.


Welcome back everyone. We're here live at Newsome Conference, IBM's premier cloud show. This is theCUBE, our flagship program where we go out to the events, extract the signal from the noise. I'm John Furrier, the founder of SiliconANGLE. John's my co-host, Dave Vellante, co-founder of wikibon.org. Our next guest is Brian Drossler, Vice President of Continental AG Software and Solutions here at IBM, Paul's. Welcome to theCUBE. Thank you very much. So you guys, you did a keynote. Great presentation. So tell us what you were talking about on stage and some of the highlights. Sure, sure, yeah, on stage I was really talking about how the car is becoming just another mobile platform in our lives. We see that the car is gonna connect to the API economy. This is a message that we're taking out to the car makers and really trying to show that the car connected to the cloud can bring forth many, many new use cases. One of those use cases we're really excited about is the future of automated driving. So we've laid out some road maps and some bold statements in our keynote yesterday regarding when we see the future of cars driving themselves around. It'll take some time, but we think that by 2025 you'll see fully automated driving cars hitting the road. We had David Pogon yesterday who was kind of goofing on some of the things in Silicon Valley. The Googlebot NAS they have a self-driving car and that's cool. They do that because it's really cool but also it's a forward long-term vision of expanding the technology base and David and I always joke we have kids and we're always in the car. They're always on their phones. We always say, hey, imagine the future. This car is driving itself and it's texting by itself and all that good stuff. And it's fantasy today, but the reality is it's not too far away, is it? No, it's not. And it's a journey though. Self-driving cars is certainly one thing. It will take some time. The other aspect is just connecting the car to the cloud really gives the car maker as well as the consumer the connection to a whole new set of potential services making the car safer, more comfortable and more efficient on the road. One example we talked about yesterday was the idea of an electronic horizon. Giving the car information from the cloud about what's happening far ahead of the car in order to maybe save fuel, make the car journey safer as well. Yeah, so and this is an enormous opportunity but before we get into that I would just describe Continental a little bit. You know people know you're talking off camera you make tires and everybody knows that talk about the company and other things that you guys are into. Sure, sure, absolutely. A lot of people know us as a tire company. In fact we produce almost everything that you find inside of cars today. We sell our products directly to the car makers themselves. We make everything from radios navigation systems, telematics systems, which is the business unit I'm part of, but we also make dashboard clusters, heads up displays, braking modules, brake pads, everything that really drives the car. So when you think about the fully automated car obviously you think about the Google car but you would expect that the car makers would be heavily into that.  Can you help us discern sort of where you fit and where they pick up? Because you know there's obviously spending a lot on R&D, the big car makers, they got a lot of money. Where do you guys fit in that whole ecosystem? Yeah, we're a supplier to the car makers. So at the end of the day they will drive this forward because it's a brand image for them. It's something that can differentiate their vehicles, these different features that lead us towards self-driving cars. But they rely on us as a supplier to have that technical capability. And Continental is really one of a few automotive manufacturers of components that our components span everything inside the vehicle such that we can look across the entire system and provide that system integration expertise that the OEMs are relying on us to bring to them. And so talk about that journey of the fully automated car. I mean today there's some automation going on. My wife's car talks to me when I drive at it. It won't let me back up sometimes. It will beep at me if the car is coming to my left and so that's a form of automation. So we're the starting gate. So describe where we are and where we're going. Yeah, so today you have technologies like parking assistant, lane departure warnings, but you're also seeing today even lane keeping systems where the cameras are already watching the lines on the road. If you are going over a line, it's actually nudging the steering wheel to bring the car back in alignment with the road and letting you know that the car has gone off track a little bit. Those technologies are gonna continue to come out. And as we connect the car to the cloud, rather than just in the next few years using radar, camera, and LiDAR sensors to see a few hundred feet, let's say, in front of the car, when we connect to the cloud, we can now start to inform the car about what's happening one or two kilometers down the road. So what that means from a road map standpoint is that by 2018 timeframe, we will see partially automated vehicles. By 2020, we'll see the full rollout of those partially automated vehicles and fully automated vehicles by 2025. By the end of the decade, you're envisioning, by the end of the, let's say, mid-2020s, you're envisioning a situation where a driver can just get in the car, text, read a book, whatever. That's our hope, that's our hope. And that is the vision that you guys are putting forth. I mean, essentially a limo driver without the limo driver. Yeah, I wanna stress too that it is a journey. By 2025, we expect that fully automated vehicles will come on the road, but it might not be every leg of the journey. It might be that you have to take it through a certain part of your journey manually, but then let's say you get on a highway infrastructure where cars are connected and platooning together very efficiently. Those are certainly situations where rather mundane task, driving some people really would like to. Just taking all the fun out of driving. Brian, I gotta ask you, I'll see, big presence here. You're got this forward-looking vision. You guys are doing some great work. IBM, they get the full range of the cloud. What's your reaction to the products and services that they're announcing here? It's very exciting. Certainly as a 140-year-old company, Continental is rooted in very traditional automotive technologies, and the cloud technologies are really opening up new possibilities for us. And when we saw yesterday the ability to, in five minutes, code up a new cloud-based service for SMX texting, that's exactly what we need in the automotive industry, is the way to compose new services without having to spend 24 months and millions of dollars on infrastructure investments. And what we see in Bluemix is the ability for Continental to bring out new automotive features using that technology in a quick and less expensive way, but also we expect the car makers to exactly do the same, and they want to have their developers easily able to bring these new features out. So the idea of a composable business and being able to click and bring new services in to create applications using Bluemix is perfect. What do you think about the new capabilities there now? So we got a lot of new capabilities. That was IBM's main message. What's your take on those new capabilities? So the capabilities that we really look at IBM for are the breadth of not only the Bluemix product itself, but also the engineering services and also the ability to consult across the entire end-to-end system. So that breadth of services that they have and are enhancing by the announcements yesterday, we think is exactly what the automotive needs, automotive industry needs, as really the IT world and automotive world are coming together. And this is an enormous marketplace. I think you cited it at a broad tan of around 600 billion, which is, you know, it starts to get into the size of the entire IT marketplace. It's enormous. And that is what the connected automobile, what is that sort of massive hundreds of billions of dollar opportunity? Yeah, it includes a lot to be clear. It includes not only the hardware that might go in the vehicle and the electronic systems in the vehicle that are required, but it also includes the connections to the cloud and the service providers that will facilitate that connection to the cloud, as well as the cloud hosting, infrastructure as a service, platform as a service and software as a service vendor. So it really includes, you know, everyone from client to server, hardware, software, and the services include. You also talked, Brian, about the automobile as a software platform. Maybe, and you've talked about the automobile entering the API economy. I wonder if you could talk more about the automobile as a platform, and it's got microprocesses in it. I don't know how many microprocesses over there, dozens at least, right, today, and many more coming. The software content of a car keeps increasing as we all know. I wonder if you could talk about that a little bit more and paint a picture of where you see that going. Yeah, yeah. You know, it's an interesting picture. One of the things I've talked about previously is that there's a lot of fragmentation and really there's a battle for control in the vehicle that's creating a large amount of fragmentation in how connected solutions and automotive infotainment systems are being created. Examples, right? You hear about Microsoft auto operating systems. You hear about Blackberry and Q and X operating systems. You have Linux and Genevieve operating systems. You have Google now announcing the open automotive alliance, allowing Android to come into the vehicle. So you have all of these different technologies that really what they're trying to allow for is the ability to bring applications into the vehicle. So the vehicle as a platform with the ability to update software over the entire life cycle of the vehicle. And that's where the OEMs are going. But the struggle in our industry right now is that there's so many different options. And that's really why, as continental and working with IBM, it becomes an IT industry question. We need IT technologies and connected solutions, software as a service, platform as a service. And that's where IBM is really helping continental and I believe the automotive industry go forward. So when you think of a server, it's sort of easy to conceptualize that microprocessor is the brain and the sort of single point of control, orchestrating all the activities in the IO and talking to the disk or whatever and the networking. Is there an analog in the automobile or is it a collection of brains? Yeah, it is a collection of brains. In fact, when we talk about highly automated driving, there will be one brain that's connecting your car to the cloud. But that connection will talk to the transmission controller, to your engine controller, to your braking controller, to your lane keeping assistant controller. So all of these systems inside the car really network together in their own way, inside the car locally. So software quality has to be a huge concern about one of the headwinds, right? I mean, because if something goes wrong, it's going to ripple through the entire system. So we wonder if we could talk about that and what kind of innovations and effort is going on there. Yeah, I mean, software quality is paramount. Really quality, not only the software, but the hardware as well. So in the automotive industry, a lot of people see that our life cycle or development cycle is rather long, but that really is a result of not only the environmental testing that we go through, but also the software quality testing that we have to go through. We do hundreds of miles of drive testing. We will cycle through user clinics for certain products as well to try to vet out software issues. We do our testing. The OEM does their cycle of testing as well. So it's really a combined effort with the OEM to design it up front using latest and greatest software methods. We're moving into agile and scrum now for embedded software design, building in the right processes over the life cycle of the software and then testing as well. Brian, I want to ask you about some of the fatal flaws in the past with computers in the car. That's been frequency, radio frequency, wireless. There's always been a problem. In car, there's been some stuff about licensed spectrum and unlicensed spectrum and Wi-Fi and, actually with LTE, it's getting better on the wireless side. What's the current state of the market on that? How do you guys look at that piece of it? Is that in your wheelhouse? Do you look at that as a separate part? The connectivity to the cloud? I mean, I guess it's not called last mile if it's to the car, but the last mile's always been a tough battleground. Yeah, in terms of the car, the actual wireless connection outside the car. I'm driving. I got to go between base stations and going wireless. Is it going to be mile markers? Is it going to be side stations? Licensed frequency, unlicensed frequency? I mean, it can get pretty complicated. Yeah, yeah, and I think it is complicated and that's why you haven't seen the NHTSA necessarily come out with one statement on this is how we're going to do it because there are some competing ways of connecting the cars in that way. So we are directly in the center of that. One of our core competencies is really connectivity technologies. We have engineers on staff that actually design mobile phones. We have our own LTE, automotive hardened LTE 4G modem that works worldwide with all the major carriers. We also have in the past had 2G, 3G. We have Wi-Fi chipsets. We have Bluetooth. The whole 9 hours. This has to be a core competency. It is and then throw DSRC into the mix as well, which is what to date when you talk about car to car communications, DSRC is one of the technologies that's really currently in the lead. But you're right. Think about that car moving along. It has to switch between towers. Perhaps it has to switch to some DSRC communications. Maybe it also has to switch to Wi-Fi for some other use cases. It's a concept that Continental has promoted called mobile router, which is the hardware and software intelligence in the vehicle that actually can make the decision on which communication is the most efficient to you at a certain point in time, given signal strength, et cetera. And that's going to be key going forward. And there's all kinds of computational challenges. I mean, it really is intoxicating when you think about how much complexity will be involved, meaning the maps for the self-driving car and the kids who want to watch Netflix on the back of the headsets. Right. On the SUVs, right? So, I mean, that's kind of the reality of it. Those are challenges, right? Design challenges. It is, it is. Back to the point of what do the car makers want from Continental, we have to be those technical experts because they're in the business of creating the best cars in the world, but they rely on us for that deep technology experience. Okay, my final question to ask to you is, give us your personal take on, what's it like being on stage at the big IBM event? How big was the stage? It looked huge from the photos. I'm just had the camera up top, but what was it like up there for you? Were you nervous? Did it go by fast? And you got the auditorium feel, right? A lot of these conferences are just sort of flat floor. I mean, you feel like you're in the Boston Garden, right? Absolutely. Tell us what your personal feeling was. It was exhilarating. You know, I was backstage just before it started and the band was playing and I could see the shadow of the trapeze and the bungee cords all over the place. It was absolutely amazing. I was pretty fired up. And then when it finally came to it, the odd thing was, the way the lights were shining on me, I couldn't really see the top and I couldn't see the bottom. I just could see in the middle and it was like it was a small conference room in the end. Brian, thanks for coming on. Great presentation, Continental AG, really cutting edge software, real hardcore engineer at the chipset level, mobile router. I mean, it's really hard to do this complicated internet of things with the kind of technology for the automotive industry. Bright future, thanks for coming on theCUBE and sharing your knowledge with our audience. This is theCUBE, our flagship program where we go out to the events, extract the signal from the noise. I'm John Furrier, we're right back with Dave Vellante and myself. It's exclusive coverage of IBM Pulse, IBM's Cloud Premier Conference. We'll be right back.


Do you ever have one of those perfect days? When everything seems easy. Paris Marathon 2023 was one of those. Victoria filmed a lot more than me because I was concentrating on trying to break three hours. Right, I'm going to film my run for the 11th time that we're doing the Paris Marathon, although Marcus here from Richmond, Virginia, first time in Paris, first time doing the Paris Marathon. We're both going to attempt under three hours. Let's see how it goes. Wish us luck. How are you feeling, Marcus? Okay. Let's do it. I lined up in the three hour pen with Marcus. Both of us a little on edge, but confident and determined to do our best. Our nerves weren't helped by the confused start when we almost went off before we were supposed to. And we're worried then that we'd activated our chip timers. Moments later and we could hear sirens behind us and two emergency medical bikes appeared and drove through the start. But finally, we were ready to go. With the three hour pacer bouncing on his toes ahead of us, the announcer began his countdown. Okay, interesting start. But we are off and running in the Paris Marathon 2023. Let's do this. I settled in behind the three hour pacer and made my way down the Champs Elysees. Some 90 minutes later and Victoria's start was somewhat less chaotic, but rather more crowded. Over 50,000 people lined up to run the 2023 Paris Marathon, making it one of the biggest marathons in the world. Only Mumbai marathon has come close in the past 12 months. We've done one K41 to go. The Luxor obelisk stands at the end of the Champs Elysees in Place de la Concorde. Once around that, you're on the Rue de Rivoli, passing the opera house before heading into the grounds of the Louvre Museum and past that famous pyramid entrance. 4K done. Cued off to this rudder. It's wearing nothing on his feet. It's no shoes. No shoes. Good under the sand bed. Back on the Rue de Rivoli, it's a straight road all the way to Bastille. I had settled in and passed the 5K mark feeling comfortable. I was ahead of the three hour pacer now and trying to run to feel. 5K in just about 21 minutes, just under.  Feeling okay. This is 5K. This is our first timing mat. Victoria and Sarah were enjoying the sights and sounds, including City Hall, the impressive Hotel de Ville building. In front we have Team Marathon de Beaujolais pulling a wine barrel. I'm not sure if the barrel is full of wine. Sarah and I seem to be part of Team Beaujolais now. We caught up in this. Bastille is a great place to watch the marathon because you can see runners at both 7K and 26km. With 7K in and the support really is superb. There are drummers and bands all along the route. Approaching Bois de Van Saint, the crowds do thin out a little, but that gives you time to compose yourself and refocus on the miles you have ahead. 42 minutes, plus the 10K mark. Still feeling good. Just trying to settle in, relaxed. Going through the 10K mark, everything was going well. I felt comfortable at the pace I was running and I didn't feel like I needed anything to eat or drink at this early stage. So we're now over the second timing mat that's 10K in an hour and two minutes of our planned test. We'll see what happens. Wait ask me again at mile 20. The cool weather is helping. It was definitely perfect weather for marathon running if a little cold for spectating. The bands really do help you run through the park. It can feel a little lonely here knowing you still have such a long way to go, but there's more vocal support as you reach the Chateau. Chateau de Van Saint. Once past Chateau de Van Saint, you start heading out of the park and back towards the city. I was still on track. 15K done. Still feeling okay. Going through the park with 6K to go to halfway. I've decided not to look at my watch for the time being, just to let the miles flow. I still didn't need anything from the aid stations, which meant I could avoid the congestion, trip hazards and potentially race ending crashes. 15K done and now we're heading back into the city. Leaving the park, Sarah was going through a low period in her race. How are you feeling Sarah? I feel better. Sarah found that park mentally tougher than she was expecting. 21km was 12 minutes. Whilst there was a 21km arch, oddly there wasn't one at halfway, which did throw me a little. Just passed halfway in 128km. So we're not doing too badly. Can't afford to lose much time in the second half. So we are still on for sub three. From here, the route heads back up to Bastille, which you can just see in the distance from the aid station here. Pianas, raisins, biscuits, sugar cubes, cake. What more could you ask for? That's all I'm looking for to finish life. Victoria is about to give us a good example of what runners are supposed to do with their water bottles once they've finished. Rounding Bastille again, I was on a mission. At halfway, I'd realised I'd been running a little slowly and was behind my goal time. So I'd sped up and was pushing to get back on track. I don't know about you, but I am constantly doing the maths in my head. Got one and a quarter hours to do 17km. This is where things can start to go wrong in any marathon. But particularly in Paris, where you have to run through a number of tunnels, all of which have a short but significant climb out of them. The first one is the longest and it can get uncomfortably warm. I remember feeling very relieved to get out of it. There's a DJ playing in one of the tunnels, but this far into the marathon, those short climbs can sap your legs if you're not physically ready for them. But more importantly, it can sap your spirit if you're not mentally prepared. And here we are again at Plastilococcal. Sarah's saying it felt like a year ago we were in there. More like three hours or minutes. It's very long or many people want that hose on them today. As you make your way through the tunnels, if you look ahead you can see the Eiffel Tower coming to view. I knew I was getting close and as yet I haven't slowed down. In fact, I was feeling stronger and more determined. 30km, 2 hours 5 minutes. 12km to go so we've got 55 minutes to do 12km. Just over. So let's do this, eh? Let's do this. So I had eaten half a banana. Victoria and Sarah were eating cake. Ginger cake on a marathon rocks. We're at the Eiffel Tower. This is a good feeling. Mum, a power-up please. She's been so looking forward to seeing you. I've got warm clothes for you, but you don't feel like you need it. How good did that feel, Sarah? I've been looking forward to that for about an hour and a half. I've been real good. We've got 11km. Yeah, let's get this done. Although the tunnels may seem relentless, the crowd support grows and grows once you pass the Eiffel Tower and the finish line starts to feel within reach. I knew I just had to maintain pace and I'd make it under three hours. Victoria heard so many people shouting her name along the route. 35km, 7km to go. Into Buadabaloin now for a few kilometres. 35km. 37km to go. Just a park run. Buadabaloin is the second big park on the Paris Marathon route. But it's changed this year so you don't spend quite so long in the park before running back out onto the city streets where the crowd support is much better. I was definitely tired with three kilometres to go, but the adrenaline and the crowd support kept me going.  With Boston and London marathons this month, Victoria's focus for Paris was simply to finish without getting injured. For me, this was my goal race. I'd trained hard for three months to break my PB and speeding up down the final hill through the crowds certainly felt like a victory lap and the culmination of a long winter of work. Sarah, how relieved and happy are you of playing so much kick? 350m to go. We're both going to win kick. Rounding the final bend, I sprinted as hard as I could to make it under 256. And here's the finish line! When you're this close to the end, the sense of pride, relief, achievement and exhaustion combine to create a unique feeling, an emotional high that's difficult to find in any other situation and one that has to be experienced to be understood. Done! 255 for 84km. Okay, so that could not really have gone much better. Maybe it could have gone one minute better. I was aiming for, my secret goal was 255. Came in at 255.44km. So not quite on A goal, but definitely under the B goal of smashing my PB under the C goal of sub three hours. And London qualifier for next year. Absolutely delighted. It was, the course was better than it has been. We don't go through the park at the end quite as much. It was just as up and downy as it usually is. There was a little bit of a wind occasionally that blew you back, but not too much to speak of really. All in all it was fabulous. I'm just, I'm really pleased, really pleased with how it went. You know, I don't think I could have asked for much more. So that is it. I'm just now going to get changed. There's my medal, by the way. I'm going to get changed and go and find Marcus and everyone else in Victoria who will be another hour and a half I think before they finish. Have you filmed some things? And that was it. We had done it. A new PB for me and one down and two to go for Victoria. If you'd like to watch Victoria get her Boston qualifying time, click that thumbnail on the screen now. If you're not subscribed, consider doing that to help us get to 13,000 subscribers. And we'll see you on the start line next time.


As we disciple women and share examples of good works with them to encourage and motivate them to obedience, how can we avoid sounding a trumpet? Should we only speak generally or do you think it's wise to be specific?  And you know, I think it's hard to know the motive of someone's heart, but if you were to observe them boasting about something or always talking about themselves or things like that, I would definitely just lovingly admonish them and I remember one year I was asked to do something and I said yes and I remember looking back at my motivation, it was to please the person that asked me and I knew that going back it was a, and I told her later, I said I should have never told you I would do that because I really wasn't doing it to honor the Lord. I didn't think it was something worthy of the kingdom, but I did it to please you and that was the wrong motive. So I would just, you know, maybe ask them why are you doing this? But first of all, you've got to define their spiritual gifts, then encourage them that way and then just watch, you know, just watch them, but don't judge them. You can't know their heart, but if you see outward manifestations of pride, I think I would point that out lovingly to them.


The study aims to review literature on gendered norms about men and women with pain and gender bias in the treatment of pain. It uses the theoretical concepts of hegemonic masculinity and andrenormativity to analyze the results. The study finds that there are various gendered norms about men and women's experience and expression of pain, identity, lifestyle, and coping style. Gender bias in pain treatment is identified as part of the patient provider encounter and professionals treatment decisions. The authors suggest that awareness about gendered norms is important for both research and clinical practice to counteract gender bias in healthcare and support healthcare professionals in providing more equitable care that meets the needs of all patients, men and women. This article was authored by Anksimulowitz, Ida Grammar, Eric Erickson, and others.


Go back to Steve Harvey. Why you don't like Steve Harvey? I was I was in California when he came to California and he embraced the nation of Islam and he and then the nation of Islam being naive. We're not being naive. Introduced him to deal dog them and the Main Street Crips and he said, I don't need you no more. Wow. Yeah, we on boss talk one on one. Yeah.  And it's not that we explored each other. If it if it if it was a white man, come on, we'll pay him a million dollars when I asked you to do something. I want you to do it for free. Yeah, that's right. Steve Harvey and I don't even like Steve Harvey.  He's a selfish self-centered person, but he said something one day that made so much. She said, if you're my friend, why should I give you a ticket? You should support me by a ticket. Yeah. If we friend, hey, can you get me in for free? What French? If I like what you're doing, I'm going to pay to come. I'm not going to ask you to. Hey, man, can you send me a ticket to come to Dallas? No.  Because I feel like you're a friend. Exactly. And if I needed something, I can definitely can't. You get what I'm saying? Yeah, that's real. Right. So so it's just the things that we do amongst each other are so negative and we don't look at the picture. We always talk about the problem. We never talk about the solution. I want to go back to Steve Harvey. Why you don't like Steve Harvey? I was I was in California when he came to California and he embraced the nation of Islam and he and then the nation of Islam being naive, we're not being naive, introduced him to Dale, dog, them and the Main Street Crips. And he said, I don't need you no more. Wow. You did it was so only for a season. So yeah. So even though his bodyguard is the one that wrote the first book and he was so jealous of I can't even think of brother's name. He wrote this book and they were going to different tours and he was signing autographs and Steve became so jealous. He wrote he wrote a book just like it.  Yeah, like a man. Yeah, he got that from his bodyguard. What he's so just nephew Tommy is talented. Yeah, Steve is not his jokes are wack. Everything he do is done.  I got a Rolex watch y'all paid for this. Get in and yeah, you paid to get in here. Wow. So, you know, that's my personal he rich. I don't care what I like him or not important to him.


I'm so overwhelmingly excited that I'm here being able to take pictures and meet people that you know are from my hometown of Phelps. Everybody's really you know supportive everybody's really excited to see me on the show and still surviving on Survivor and it's such a big dream of mine to be able to play the game so this is just the reward kind of in a sense too it's just being able to just enjoy being a survivor player.


Borderline personality disorder comes with a lot of misconception, especially around dating. But knowing whether or not someone has it or not can be quite tricky, it is not a one-size-fits-all diagnosis. BPD, if untreated and unnoticed, can be rather harmful to the person with it and their relationships. However, it's also highly responsive to treatment, with a high remission rate. To explore this, here are six signs you may be dating someone with BPD. What is BPD? Chem personality disorder is a cluster B personality disorder, which according to the Mayo Clinic are a series of disorders characterized by dramatic, overly-emotional, or unpredictable thinking or behavior. This can present in a multitude of ways. Some may be loud and expressive with their emotions, whereas some may direct it all in words. The symptoms may be similar among different subtypes, however recognizing them can be rather difficult. Here are the nine symptoms of BPD, frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, intense and rocky interpersonal relationships, unstable sense of self, impulsivity in at least two different areas that are self-destructive, suicidal and self-harming behaviors, intense mood swings, feelings of emptiness, intense and inappropriate anger, stress-related paranoia. So, what are some ways you can spot these behaviors in real time? Let's talk abandonment. The number one symptom in BPD is a fear of abandonment. An article from Very Well Mind explains that people with BPD are sensitive to and try to avoid abandonment, whether it's real or imagined. What constitutes abandonment can vary and can be subtle. For instance, if they perceive your tone in a text message to be off, they may think you're upset with them. Other ways people avoid abandonment is by people pleasing, asking for reassurance and excessively apologizing. The fear of abandonment can bring out a lot of different emotions and behaviors. Maybe they'll do something reckless like spend excessively or drink alcohol. Others may internalize the emotion and question themselves about what went wrong. Some may also get upset with you and can even cut the relationship off if they feel there's nothing they can do to make it better. The fear of abandonment often leads to the other symptoms in BPD. They seem hot and cold. BPD is tricky. For both the person experiencing the condition and the one dating them. One minute they treat you like your royalty and they adore you deeply and admire your every move. They seem to get you and understand you like no other. This is called idealization. And from their perspective they really do think this, however on the flip side they may suddenly turn cold. They may think that you're an uncaring person and that all of your negative qualities are suddenly overpowering anything positive. This is called devaluation. The switch between this idealization and devaluation is called splitting. Splitting is triggered by feelings of abandonment. So leaving a text message on red or having an argument. This idea can manifest in many different ways, especially the devaluation. Some people with BPD may yell at you and tell you exactly what they feel. Others may go quiet and withdraw from you. In this case they don't feel you're the bad guy, but they are. It's not always you. They can also idealize and devalue themselves. Therapist Ashley Jenae says this can feel like a yo-yo.  For the person with BPD, they'll feel this as well. Often with undiagnosed BPD, the person with it may not realize their mental health is a problem. However, knowing and understanding the illness is hugely beneficial in combating splitting. Their moods shift quickly. Having borderline personality disorder does not mean that you experience different emotions than everyone else. It simply means that you sometimes experience stronger or more intense emotions than many other people, according to the Optimum Performance Institute. This can mean that moods and BPD shift quickly, especially once the fear of abandonment is triggered. They may be having a great day, but are quickly derailed by a missed phone call or an unpleasant interaction at work. One of these mood shifts can last just a few minutes, but others may take hours to return to a calmer place. In an article by the Clearview Woman Center, they explain that people with BPD may have perception shifts and feel that everyone hates them one day, despite having a wonderful time the day prior. Because of these mood swings, people with BPD are often confused with bipolar. You can have really high highs and extremely low lows, however, unlike bipolar, BPD's different emotions are always changing, and these changes are dependent on the environment. They have a history of rocky relationships. As a symptom of BPD is intense and unstable relationships, you may find that your partner has many stories. They may often talk about their ex-partners in the worst light, or explain how they don't have many friends, as a lot of them were toxic. Somehow, they have a lengthy history of being mistreated by others. And perhaps this is the case. In the beginning, this may seem like a surprise. After all, how could such a nice and living person have so many enemies? Many symptoms in BPD can be driving forces in this. From splitting and erratic decisions to heightened emotions, all can drive people away from the person with BPD. In some cases, they may feel like you're the only one that can help them, which the Clearview Woman Center describes as being a vulnerable seducer. They may find that no one understands them. Or they end up leaving relationships in the end. In other cases, people-pleasing behavior can cause those with BPD to take in people and hold on to them. Even if there are serious red flags, this can lead to a lot of relationship turmoil that ends up alienating them in the end. The good news is that treatment is there. BPD is a chronic mental health disorder, and should be treated as such. The good news is that BPD is highly responsive to treatment, and the prognosis for it is better than many other mental health conditions. In fact, the Clearview Woman Center explains that when receiving proper treatment and awareness, 90% of people with BPD can achieve remission for at least a two-year period, with 85 keeping it for at least four. Different forms of psychotherapy like dialectical behavioral therapy help increase mindfulness, stress tolerance, and acceptance, which have profound effects on the disorder. With some hard work, it is possible to no longer meet the criteria for BPD. It's possible to have a healthy and fulfilling relationship. But like anything, it's important to put the effort in, and to make it that way. We hope you were able to find this video informative. If you did, please remember to like it and share it with a friend. Let us know in the comments what your thoughts on this topic are as well. Remember to subscribe to Psych2Go to keep up with our uploads, and take care. Here's the next chapter in our ongoing Psych2Go Stories series that we've been putting our hearts into. Our stories are more than just entertainment. They're a journey into the realms of mental health and relationships. Be a pioneer and explore our exclusive playlist. Stories that entertain, educate, and empower. What are you waiting for? I see you. Click on our playlist.


For those who are not currently aware of our existence, we represent the organization known as the SCP Foundation, our previous mission centered around the containment and study of anomalous objects, entities, and other assorted phenomena. This mission was the focus of our organization for more than 100 years. Due to circumstances outside our control, this directive has now changed. Our new mission will be the extermination of the human race. There will be no further communications. Well, that's only partially true, isn't it? Today, I'm going to tell you how you're wrong about human life. See, the thing is, the O5 Council said they weren't going to tell you anything else. I'm not part of the O5 Council, so I can say whatever I want. And hey, I've got an audience, so I might as well use it to explain a few things and perhaps help make the Foundation's efforts more effective. And you might be asking yourself, how could this possibly make things more effective? Well, I'm going to give you a story. When I was in seventh grade, so old enough to know that I'm a guy and crying is a bad idea. Because that's how gender norms are. We treat ourselves terribly. Thanks a lot, humanity. The thing is, I'm sitting in the Vice Principal's office after doing something stupid, something simple, like saying something that was true but impolite to a teacher. And I'm sitting there waiting for a paddling. Our school had a paddle called Big Bertha.  And that went away after someone sued, but the important part was, it meant your teacher would know, the Vice Principal would know, the school would know that you did something wrong, but your parents didn't have to know because there was no signage for it. But if you were suspended, you had to explain why you had to stay home that day. Or if you were in school detention, not in school, but after school detention, you had to explain why they had to come pick you up later in the day. So I'm sitting there. Like I've been sitting there for, oh gosh, dozens, literally dozens of times, at least in the last four or five years before that, waiting for the Vice Principal to go find a witness, because they had to have a witness for legal reasons, to make sure that he wasn't like beating, beating me. And this time, it took the man like 30 minutes to find a witness. And I'm sitting there, and this is something I've experienced before, and it hurts, it hurts so much, but it's momentary. You know, it's going to go away. And for some reason, while I'm sitting there, I just start crying. And it wasn't the punishment itself, because that I had experienced, as I said dozens of times before, it was the waiting. It was knowing that it was coming and not being able to do anything about it. That caused an unimaginable amount of suffering. And the truth is, even though the O5 Council wants to just say, we're going to kill you all, and that's the end of it, I think, and I think they think it too. They're just trying to be somewhat more noble than they need to be. I think we need to suffer.  So think back over the last few years, or think back over the last few hundred years, and you'll realize no matter how far back you go, things have always been trending in a downward direction, and humanity is just getting better and better at being bastards to each other. And at some point, we're going to become so good at being bastards to each other that we're going to throw enough people off of this rock that they're going to go into the rest of the universe and be bastards to everyone and everything they meet. There's a number of futurists who like to say that the experience of humanity and life in general is the universe observing itself. And we look at the universe, and we see that it's beautiful. And then we look at ourselves, and I mean to say it's the opposite would be underselling. Humanity is a deep, dark hole from which it seems there may be no escape. And that's what we're doing, what we're doing right now. Think about it like this. There are certainly good people in this world. People who are kind without any expectation of reward, without any pretense of loyalty or family where they only do it because, you know what, they feel a duty. Good people who do good things for other people who want to see the world better. The problem is that those people are so rare that they almost don't exist. Statistically, they really don't. Sure, one out of two million people might be that pure good person. But you've got two million people to counterbalance. It's not worth it. That's our thing. It's humanity. We think it's worth it. That's the whole problem with the human experience. We think of humans as these sacred, undefilable things, right? So much potential. And it's true, we do have potential. Potential for terrible destruction, potential for abuse of each other, of the earth, of eventually the rest of the universe. Universe is not supposed to be alive. We are not supposed to feel pain, to know our failings as a species, are irrefutable, and to be able to do nothing about it. Because those few points of light, those few good people, so? I'm not going to solve the problem. They can't. There's no way they will ever do it. Look up into the sky and you will see an infinity of darkness.  If you look up, you'll see stars, these beautiful bright lights. And we get caught up in that. Same as we do with humans, the good ones. We get caught up in the bright lights and we say to ourselves, that is beauty. That is beauty. But it's not. Because all that infinite darkness is only defined by its opposition to the light. And if we snuff out the lights, there is no more darkness. There is just the sky. And so humanity deserves to die and we're going to do it. And if you think you can escape, you're wrong. It's inevitable. It's inevitable. It is coming for you. We are coming for you. The end is coming for you. And if at the end, you lie there screaming, crying, worried about what's in the next room, when they're going to come back. Remember this, when you're gone, when we're all gone, the universe will be a peaceful beautiful place that exists free of our own disgusting habits, free of humans. Don't ask yourself why. The why is unimportant. Really. It was inevitable that it would come to this. It's inevitable that we're coming. If anyone is still out there, for the time that you have, scroll down. And hit the subscribe button. Then hit the notification bell so that you'll be notified when I upload new videos. At least until we come for you. Then check out my merch store. If you're going to die, at least you can die stylishly. Or maybe you'd like a mug to drink some coffee while you wait for the end. And of course, you can always go to patreon.com. If you agree with me, help support the extermination of the human race. I wish I was alone out here. And I'll see you all again on Tuesday. Or at least most of you.


In the tables, we have a lot of data and we have the detailed data. But sometimes it is useful to have an overview of the data, to get a summary of the data, to get an aggregate of the data. So there are powerful functions available to perform this. And of course, there is a need to remove the duplicates also. So in this module, I will cover all of this what I have mentioned. So let's look at the overview of this module summarizing functions, eliminating duplicates, grouping the results and most importantly, retrieving or pulling data from different tables from multiple tables. So let's look at this in more detail. So just as PHP contains large number of built-in functions, MySQL also gives you many functions to assist with your queries. In this module, we look at some of MySQL's aggregate functions. Rather than returning the actual data contained in a table, these functions let you summarize a table in different ways. Summarize in different ways. You can count in slightly different ways also. For example, count the field name returns the number of rows selected by the query where field name is not null. And count a static over here. Count a static over here. We can have a field name also. Returns the number of rows selected by the query regardless of whether the rows contain any null values. So here are a couple of count examples and you see the count examples over here. So we have one count example over here. We have one count example over here and this is the min over here, aggregate. So you see that we can work with the dates also. So how do we eliminate the duplicates? Occasionally a query returns more data than you actually need, even when using where and limit clauses say your access log table contains the following data. This is your access log. And what we can see over here is the member ID is repeating over here. But these URLs are different. We'll talk about it. Now imagine you want to get a list of the IDs of users that have accessed the site since November 7, you might create a query as follows. You might create a query as follows. Might. Now there's a problem over here. The value 3A pays twice in the result. Okay. This is because there are two rows in the access log table with member ID of 3 and last access later than 7 November. Representing two different pages viewed by user number 3. If you were displaying this data in a report, for example, user number 3 would appear twice. You can imagine what would happen if this was 100 times viewed. Okay. So we need to use duplicates removal. Okay. How do we do this? Distinct removes any rows that are exact duplicates of other rows from the result set. For example, the following query will still contains two instances of three in the member ID column, because the page URL column is different. Okay. Three is here, but these are different. These are different over here because of distinct one three is gone. Okay. Now how do we group the results? Very interesting. You have seen how to use functions such as count and some to retrieve overall aggregate data from a table. Such as how many female members are in the book club. What if you wanted to get more fine-grained information? For example, say you want to find out the number of different page URLs, each member has you. You might try this. You might try this query, but it is wrong. Why? It's not a good idea. All this query has given you is the total number of rows in the table. Instead, you need to group the page URL count by a member ID. To do this, you add a group by clause, which is in this over here group by a clause. This works. That's better by combining the aggregate function count with a column to group by a member ID. You can view statistics on per member basis. In this case, you can see that members one and six have each read one distinct page, whereas member three has visited two different pages. Okay, so you can group by an order by in the same query. All right, you can do this and which is shown over here. Highest number of distinct pages. You can see over here. So this is very powerful. And finally, pulling data from multiple tables. So far, your queries have worked with one table at a time. Right. However, you can do this. So far, your queries have worked with one table at a time. Right. However, real strength of a relational database that you can query multiple table at once, using a join. Okay. In the previous example that retrieved statistics from the access log table, your results sets contained a list of major member IDs in a member ID column. For instance, let's say you want to list of all members that have accessed the website. So these are the members. Without names. Without names. Now, of course, the member IDs isn't very useful. If you want to know the names of the members involved, you have to run another query to look at the data in the members table. So one, three, six, you have over here. But what about the accesses? Now you can see that the member number one is in fact, John Sparks, member three is whatever you can see. Six is Bill Swann. However, by using a join, you can combine the data in both tables to retrieve not only the list of member IDs that have accessed the site, but their names as well, all this in a single query. Okay. So over here, you have performed the join. Over here, you have the join and you have the names and access everything. All right from the access log. So this is the power of the join. So that's all I have for this module for you.


What's up everybody I'm the man goose you are awesome and it's time to talk about overprime If you're the one person in our little circle of Paragon rejects that doesn't know overprime recently had their closed beta test While the test had some maintenance downtime But there was still plenty of time to experience their version of a Paragon successor And that's a key point here. This game is a successor to Paragon not a remake all of these Paragon Successors claimed to be different from the original but nowhere is this more apparent than an overprime Name changes the removal of towers kit reworks overprime is not Paragon It is a really fun game though that includes many aspects of what made Paragon great The game certainly isn't perfect if it was a closed beta. So there were some bugs and connection issues, of course There were also some game mechanics. I think needed improvement, which I'll get into today But overall the closed beta test was a huge success So leave has turned overprime into something truly great that may have some staying power and they plan to release it on console this year Which is something this community will be truly grateful for Today I want to talk about what I liked about the game as well as a few things. I believe needed improvement Let's start with the good the game was beautiful Aesthetics was one of the best parts of Paragon triple a quality graphics and a free-to-play game Not only did team so leave make their map just as beautiful as Paragons They improved upon the overall looks of the game with their own skins that were miles ahead of anything epic ever did It also seems they may have redone the appearance of a few heroes. Shinbi in particular received like a full facelift The game itself plays really well basic attacks and abilities were very responsive and intuitive Feedback both while getting hit and hitting people was pretty much on point Also like some of the character reworks Muriel had the ability to stun but only if she comboed abilities properly and her shielding speed boost thingy was a it was a lock on Kalari lost the ability to double jump, but it made her the all-in hero always thought she should be I Really like the starter items they gave the damage dealer items gave you a blink Which was very welcome the support item gave you a much needed ward and the jungle item gave you a smite and was Certainly a must-have for the junglers They brought the prime dunk mechanic back killing the prime guardian gave you the opportunity to dunk the orb and send the prime Guardian down mid lane to a attack enemy towers and provide an AOE buff This forced some really fun team fights around the pit I also really enjoyed the music and most of the sound effects the background music that signaled a successful prime dunk was especially good Most importantly the game was just fun No other way to really quantify it, but the overall experience was just flat out enjoyable While over prime has been in development for a while, and this isn't the first time it's been playable I consider this close beta test to be the first taste of what they eventually want the game to be and it was good There was of course improvements that could be made, but I think the majority of people that tried the game liked it So let's talk about what I think needs to be improved going forward because that's really what a close beta test is about Getting the community's feedback as far as overall game mechanics go. I mostly enjoyed the pacing However, it was very snowball-y. It's a MOBA So of course getting ahead on economy should give you an advantage But with most games lasting only like 20 to 30 minutes an early kill gave you more of a lead than I think was necessary You could then use your lead to just keep rolling through the enemy team And there wasn't much counterplay since you can't really farm up counter items when you're getting destroyed On the flip side of that games that went over 30 minutes were almost certainly destined to go for an hour Once everyone hit full build. It was a constant stalemate There wasn't much in between. It was it was either end in 30 or slog through an hour long match I think most of this was due to respawning inhibitors and the prime guardian not scaling enough to deal with it It just wasn't worth the risk of dunking if the game went past 30 minutes Everyone would have enough damage by then to just cut that big motherfucker down before he could do anything The inhibs would respond so sending him down mid just it just didn't do much It would be nice if the person that completed the dunk could somehow pick which lane he attacked or or just make him scale over time So a 45 minute prime is like significantly stronger than a 20 minute guardian The next gameplay choice. I didn't much like was dashes. They had way too much range I'm specifically talking about shin bee and grok's Dashing with either one would take you damn near all the way across the lane. It was a bit disorienting I guess we could all just get used to it with enough play time But god dammit, I would dash and end up in the jungle somewhere. I would like to see them actually reduce the dash ranges just a little bit I'm not sure if this was a gameplay decision or a bug But abilities that would normally path along the ground would instead just fire off in the direction of travel Steel or Scott for example would bull rush through the air and hit nothing at some points No matter how you aimed it in a game where the support needs to be on top of their interrupts to keep the carry from getting blown up Having an unreliable charge on a very vertical map would lead to a lot of player frustration Some of the color choices were a bit off your personal health bar was the same color as the enemy health bars which could cause some confusion Also an ally in sprint mode had a bar above their health bars. That was also the same colors enemy health bars On choice and up. I hope that's changed Travel mode. Yes over prime has the old sprint mechanic that allows you to travel faster But you get rooted if you were hit while in travel mode This brought some of the og legacy problems back with leapfrogging People were discouraged from making a risky push because you knew one person could keep you from entering sprint mode while his buddy Would just jet past you that's kind of what led to a longer games I think and Finally, let's address the elephant in the room here some of the names suck balls like Scott He's a hulking android looking motherfucker, but for some reason he's named like an accountant I'm not sure how they pick shit like Kayla and Beatrice and I know there's a language barrier But goddamn it seems like they just opened up the most popular baby names from 1965 and threw darts at it While I just brought up many issues I had with over prime I don't want that to take away from the fact that it's an absolutely fantastic game that was incredibly fun to play They had a massive amount of people playing this weekend and garnered a great deal of attention via twitch and youtube We've already seen that they know how to market over prime Which is a huge failing on epics part with Paragon This closed beta test was ground zero for what will almost certainly become something great But only through a collaboration between team soul leave in the community that supports them Like the video if you enjoyed it sub for more third-person mobile content But for now, this is the man goose signing off you guys have a good one Man goose Special shout out to channel members foolish blood hunter jelly knees me I'll mix for men stunt Farith and Raven