Welcome, everyone. It's wonderful to have you here. My name is Neha Narula, and I am the Director of the Digital Currency Initiative at MIT. Central Bank Digital Currency, or CBDC, is top of mind with over 100 central banks around the world engaging in research, pilots, and exploration. But in 2023, we're in a context marked by geopolitical fragility, financial instability, and market distrust in institutions. Since we are still at the beginning, it remains to be seen exactly what kinds of outcomes CBDCs once implemented will have. Will they help solve for financial inclusion or deepen the digital divide? Can CBDCs unify geopolitical and technical fragmentation in payment and economic systems, or might they exacerbate it? In our recent work at MIT, we've said that CBDC has the opportunity to play an important role as a public good, serving the public interest both as a public money and as a public money technology. But so much of this outcome depends on the design decisions that we make today. In this panel, we will explore the motivation and goals for CBDC, discuss recent research and experiments led by central banks, and cover private sector developments. We'll then move to broader questions about macro prudential issues that may arise if CBDC achieves scale in an economy, such as its implications for broader financial stability. And so now I would like to introduce this very illustrious panel. Thank you so much for being with us here today at the forum. I'd like to start with Governor Hanyaho from the South African Reserve Bank. Then we have Liva Mostri, the CEO of Euroclear, Governor Amir Yaron from the Central Bank of Israel, Javier Perez-Tasso, the Chief Executive Officer of SWIFT, and Governor Bilarde, who is the Governor of the Central Bank of Peru. So thank you all again so much for being with us here today. And I'd actually like to start with Governor Bilarde. So please allow me to share our hopes for a peaceful resolution of the protests that have arisen in Peru over the recent weeks. Now, despite the protests, Peru will remain one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America. You predicted 2.9 percent growth over the next year. And in the BIS's report last spring on CBDC and emerging market economies, authors from your central bank noted that growth in digital payments increased 270 percent in retail digital wallets, and nearly 350 percent in the newly authorized payment system, which supports 24-7 transfers. Now, I think that both of these developments underscore the importance of central banks for innovation and perhaps as well the changes in consumer preferences for digital versus physical transactions seen in many countries since the pandemic. So I'd like to ask you, Governor, what are the main motivations for exploring central bank digital currency in this environment? And what role does CBDC have to play in the continued development of the Peruvian financial system? Well, thank you very much for the question. I'll show you what we are trying to do is a more efficient payment system at the end. We started with an experience that failed that was recommended around the world 12 years ago. All the phone companies, all the banks, took part in the electronic wallet, but that business case for the banks was not there. And it was not so user-friendly. So in 2015-19, we started again to try for all that digital wallets of the banks to be connected. That was interrupted by COVID, but because of COVID in part, there was a strong development of the digital wallets. For example, they affiliated more than two million very small businesses for the payments. And now they have around, what will be around 70 percent of the population of the day, one wallet or other. Before too fascinating, we were pushing for these wallets to be interconnected. Banks were not so interested. Now we are forcing them to be interconnected. And starting March, they have to be interconnected all. And starting the end of June, all financial institutions might be able to transfer by accounts, we turn using the phone basically. We see the central bank digital currency as part of the solution for unbanked people. That is if we have a record of the transactions, it will be easier for them to get credit. We have seen a lot of things interested in having this information. Of course, it has to do with open banking at the same time. It will have to be there. We have learned the hard way that regulation has to come from the central bank. In 2018, we introduced a Cure standard. Actually, we discovered later that they follow the guidelines, but not so strictly. So sometimes they were not interoperable. Now every Cure has to be allowed by the central bank. So that's not to have this difficulty that works only for a particular bank. Now we believe that we need it to be a business case for the banks to promote it. P2P transfer will not be charged, but probably it will be a small charge for P2P for business. And that's the point. Central bank digital currency is going to come later. We don't know exactly the formula. We're working with IMF. It's still a very small pilot, but it's very hard to know what will happen. It might be something similar to just wireless, where these wireless of the unbanked people, they have to have research in the central bank or with paper of the central bank, et cetera. But that is something to be seen in the future. And we're looking closely to what is happening around the world in those terms. Thank you. Yes, this is such an important topic, interoperability, both in the domestic case, so bringing together your banks and your banking system, but also internationally as well. And so, Governor Geron, I want to turn to you to discuss interoperability briefly. There's a risk of further fragmenting our payment systems if central banks operate in isolation instead of contributing to a shared foundation of knowledge. And a major issue that requires cooperation is shared standards for interoperability. And as Governor Belarde indicated, this is an important role for the central bank to play in setting these shared standards. Now you've engaged in Project Icebreaker, which is a collaboration with Norway and Sweden. And this aims to test near-instant retail CBDC, so we can divide CBDC into retail, which is available to the general public, and wholesale, which is more for financial institutions, but across borders, so retail across borders. So can you share a little bit about what has been learned here and what are some of the challenges when you try to address interoperability between countries? All right. First of all, thank you, Nia, for having me here. Maybe before I say something about Icebreaker, I think we're all realizing we're in the midst of a technological revolution in the payment system. And if payments used to be sort of more plumbing, they're affecting the IO structure of financial services and monetary policy. And that's why central banks are there. We are seeing it faster payments, smart contracts, e-money, crypto assets, stable coins, and CBDC, as you mentioned, is sort of a public good that can be both complementary, but can also, to these things, but can also, in some circumstances, crowd out some of these things. Some of the advantages have been mentioned, advanced and safe alternatives to existing means of payments, ensure the adjustments of payment system to the needs of the digital economy. CBDC could be the gateway to stable coin, which is the gateway instead of stable coin to find, to the, between the new digital economy and the standard economy and cheap cross border, which is where your question comes back. So what we've done with the BIS innovation hubs in Nordic center and the central bank of Sweden and Norway, we launched this project and the project kind of went through the second part of 2022. It's got a lot of technological features to it. And I believe it's the first CBDC retail experiment that takes a retail payment, a household or a merchant in Israel, paying in shekels, local currency and transferring it back to somebody in Sweden or in Norway. So it's a cross border. It allows all the users to do that with the end users receiving the payment with CBDC in their own country. The key feature here in order to achieve this project, the team designed the hub, which facilitates communication and the exchange of data among the national CBDC system. By the way, I'm sort of proud to say that the hub was actually built by the technological team in the bank of Israel. Basically, the concept requires only minimal adjustment to the national CBDC systems in order to achieve the desired interoperability. So while one of the key things you want to have once we have a whole matrix, all the currencies against all the currencies, you want a system that is agile enough to do that. And it seems like this system is capable of doing it. The hub and the technology used in the project teams enables basically nearly atomic transaction. For example, funds would be paid from the CBDC wallet of a payer in Israel if and only if the payee finds and receive the payee's CBDC wallet in Sweden. Thus, the counterparty risk that exists today in corresponding banking system is eliminated. It's important to notice and emphasize that the transaction would be immediate as opposed to several days in which is what's happening in today's system. One of the key insight and I'm getting to was that it is possible to make a direct and immediate cross-border payment between CBDC coins of different countries. In fact, there are two important characteristics here that do not exist in the current system. The first one in today's world cross-border payments take on average a few days to complete. And in the system we built, there's basically no third party involved in the transaction. And so there's no risk that the same party will fail. This may save significant risk premiums down the road. Also, the design of the system we built allows us to separate the money transfer from the FX transfer. The hub is an intermediary for that to the local foreign currency. Today when you transfer money through a bank or another payment company, and I have here sort of relevant entities, the same entity converts your local currency into foreign currency and makes the payment. This situation in some sense reduces competitiveness and may make the high cost on conversion. And basically our feature is separated to operation, make the currency exchange market more competitive, thereby reducing the cost. I won't go into the detail. There's a whole technical issue of how it's done through time-locked, hash time-locked contracts, et cetera. It consists of a bunch of APIs. And we will put a report out that gives the detail. But the important thing is the interoperability is not just between two currencies. As I mentioned, it can be extended challenges, and I'll stop here. AML issue, we haven't really dealt with that. It wasn't one of the issues in the project, but that will be an important issue going down the road in extending it. The important question down the road, who will build this hub if we do it globally? Is it going to be a consolidation of central banks, international bodies like IMFBIS, private companies like SWIFT, or others? So I'll stop here for now. Thank you. So many important things raised in that. First of all, I love that you said the tech team came from the Bank of Israel. I think we think of central banks as being mainly economists. I'm a bit biased. I'm a computer scientist, but I think you're going to have to have more and more technical capacity as we build out this future. They're not easy to hire. I have to make it worth it. But also, this notion of separating functionality. You're separating the money transfer from the FX, and this speaks, I think, more broadly to a trend we're seeing of unbundling functions that were previously under one role. Now, there's a lot you said there, and in time I'm going to turn to Javier to talk about cross-border settlement, and I'm also going to turn to Liva to talk about smart contracts. But before we do that, I want to talk to Governor Hanyago about the South African Reserve Bank and the incredible experiments that you've been doing. You've been an early innovator in this space. You began exploring faster payments and retail and wholesale CBDC as part of Project COCA. But the SARB has a unique perspective, I think, on cross-border transactions, given that your central bank operates the real-time gross settlement systems for 16 countries in the South African development community. You joined the BIS' Project Dunbar, which is testing international settlement of CBDC transactions. Now, what opportunities does a cross-border CBDC create that the current SADC RTGS system does not offer? How do you think about that? Thanks. I think my colleagues have said quite a mouthful, so I would be brief. A point of departure in thinking about the CBDC is, is this a solution looking for a problem? Or do we have some real problem that we are trying to solve? If we have some real problem that we are trying to solve, what exactly is that problem? Of the countries that we have mentioned, just over 120 that are looking to introduce CBDCs or to study them, the reasons are varied and could actually be posed into three broad categories. The first one has to do with the modernization of the central bank. The central bank have got to take into account that there is this digital economy that is developing and that they have got to redefine their role there. Secondly, a second broad area has to do with making national payment systems efficient. And I think that any central bank where it's solved at the moment is busy modernizing their RTGS, causing some serious bottlenecks, because there are only so many firms that can build these things. And the third broad category has to do with dealing with domestic market failure and stroke financial inclusion. And so, as you think about the CBDC, then you have got to be thinking about what is it that we are trying to solve? What is the use case for a CBDC? And some of the banks, there would be consensus in the digital category that national currencies could actually be dislocated if central banks do not come to the party and provide it. So there are the issues of the supply side of the central banks feeling that the environment is changing and therefore they themselves must change and get into that space. But then there is also the demand side because we might come with these things trying to build a use case. Do the public actually need that? And quite frankly, in the introduction of the CBDC, you're actually going to need national conversations about the role of cash and who has access to central bank money. And the technology, the technology, there are enough people to solve the technology problem. The big issues are about public choice. They are about regulation and more importantly about the governance arrangements that are going to be put. So we decided to split our CBDC work into two. We first looked at the wholesale CBDC and then later on we looked at the retail CBDC. And when we looked at the wholesale CBDC, what we call Project COCA, we experimented this at that time. It looked like cutting edge, no longer does. I think that there have been a lot of developments in other countries. But we were able to bring in the banks in South Africa that account for more than 90% of the daily payments and settlements in the South African space. Processed 70,000 transactions with settlement within two hours, which is something that we would have processed through the whole day. And we were able to process that within a period of two hours with full settlement in central bank money. And then came the cash, the cash that as you do these things and the end is who has access to central bank money and could these things if tokenized because this is what was done, be settled with central bank money. And we proved to ourselves that that could be done. And so on the wholesale side it became a big success. And the reason we started on the wholesale side is that for all intents and purposes there isn't physical cash involved in wholesale. You could say that it is digital in some form or the other. Are there efficiencies to be realized that very early tokenization sped up the process of settlement and that in itself was very useful. With respect to retail CBDC, we took consciously a decision that we are going to be very good students, meaning that we are going to learn with everybody. We are not going to be the first movers. We would rather be very first followers because of the complexities that I had mentioned. I mean, at the end of the day you do all these things. What happens when you go offline, whether it's a result of cyber or you go offline, there's been an electricity failure. What does that mean for the ordinary people who must transact if you have completely migrated there, which then brings the issue of the role of offline in that space. And once you bring in offline, there is a risk of having to synchronize transactions that took place offline. And when you come back online, how you get those and what does that mean? Does that mean for speed? You posed the question. Why did we need a cross-border CBDC if we are doing these things? And I think that in an earlier conversation, what we did in SADAC for all intents and purposes was to get the interoperability of the RDTGS of all the 16 countries in SADAC. And we were able to push significant significant volume in SADAC. But then there was a challenge. The challenge here was that these are multi-currencies. And the question is, do you find one currency with which you settled with? Which one is that? The default was that could we be using the dollar? And then the question was who's going to supply dollar liquidity in this RDGS? The third is not there. So who's going to get the dollar? And the default was that, well, we have got to be settling in our own currencies. But then there are countries that are dollarized, which then faced a different problem. And so the big issue is going to be the issue of interoperability. But then there are further issues which are legal. So you have got all these countries in SADAC. The legal systems are based on English law, depending on who your previous colonizer was, French law, depending on again who your colonizer was, or Portuguese law for that matter. And you've got to go and try and find each other, set the governance arrangement. And it turns out the governance arrangements in dealing with cross-border CBDC issues are actually more challenging than the technology solution. And the technology solutions could actually be found. So let me pause there. There are other issues that we might want to deal with, which include the role of the private sector vis-à-vis that of the central bank. And what collaboration mechanisms do you have there? How do you deal with the incumbents who are thinking that the small guys who are coming in wanted to eat their lunch and dealing with the issues of efficiency and competition to make sure that you actually bring the prices down. The costs in this cross-border system, whether you look at the correspondent banking systems, are massive. And in Africa, moving $100, you move $100 in Africa, by the time it reaches the recipient, it is $60. And so there are significant inefficiencies, there are significant rents that are end by the incumbents that we would have to break into. And that is going to need the involvement of central banks. There's so many interesting things there. And yes, your point, I think it was the CEO of the Gates Foundation in a panel yesterday, made the point that the poor pay the highest fees. They pay much higher fees than the rich. And making small payments across borders is incredibly challenging. I'm really glad you brought up offline. And at the very end of this panel, we will spend a few minutes talking about the public and private sectors and how we might work together, absolutely. But before we get an offline is so important, hopefully we'll have time to do a little bit on design choices. But before we get to that, I think you set up a transition to the private sector very well. So Javier, let's start off with what may be for some a slightly controversial statement from the BIS. According to a recent report, they said that the payment system underpinning cross-border financial flows has not kept pace with rapid growth in global economic integration. And they cite several things the governor just mentioned, high costs, low speed and transparency, operational complexity of the current international payment systems. And they cite these as reasons why central banks should be exploring interoperable central bank digital currency. However, there are so many challenges there, which I think the governor very nicely articulated. And they also note the contraction in the correspondent banking system that leaves some low and middle income countries with less access to global payments. So Javier, could you sort of expound upon that and say why in a world with CBDCs might we still need international payment systems like SWIFT? I think that we probably still do. And I think you would agree with that. How do these different paradigms work together? And perhaps in your answer, you could reference some of the experiments that I know that you're doing. Okay. Well, I have to say thank you as well for inviting me to the panel. I have to say this this hero villain construct is something that, you know, I understand that it's appealing and it's something that we've heard in the past as well with index. I think in real life it's a little bit more nuanced. And yeah, let me a little bit elaborate on where we stand in general, the industry as a whole and SWIFT, of course, in the international cross-border space. Because at the end of the day, if we really want, and I've heard it throughout the conference this week as well, if we really want to build a robust, resilient and interoperable that is inclusive global financial industry, we do need to collaborate private and public sector, but as well existing infrastructure with new technologies that come into the fore, it is paramount. And particularly in cross-border payments when you think about it, they are inherently complex because we're talking about bridging regulatory jurisdictions, bridging technologies, bridging currencies, different forms of value we see now from digital fear to CBDCs. And that at the end of the day requires a public agenda that is very well driven by the way, by the work done by the G20 and the BIS, you mentioned that, in the agenda, the roadmap towards improving international payments to make them to reduce friction and to make them fully transparent, inclusive and obviously increase the speed to the market there. And in that sense, we've been actually collaborating very closely over the past few years with the BIS there to indeed focus on this roadmap by 2027. They have very clear targets when it comes to speed. 75 percent of all transactions should be reaching end beneficiary accounts within an hour in terms of cost as well. And they quantify also the cost for different segments where it is particularly in retail and remittances, but work in progress also on wholesale and as well targets when it comes to transparency and choice and access. So as far as we are concerned, we are at Swift. We've now been working on a series innovation of our platform and now we're reaching 4 billion accounts with our new platform that allows for speed delivery to our customers. At the end, I know there are some stats out there, but I think it needs to be known that half of all Swift payments today reach end beneficiary accounts within five minutes. And with the new development that together with the financial community, with central banks, infrastructures like the Euroclear here in the panel, but also with the banking community, we're getting to a journey towards truly instant and frictionless transactions in the next few years. And that is possible because of the work at the domestic level on domestic infrastructure, on real-time payments infrastructures, but also in the bridging between all of those jurisdictions. So we get to that state and definitely we get within the objectives that the G20 has set out. Maybe to add because I have to say I enjoy the conversation on the interoperability bit, which is crucial. I do agree. And by the way, it is crucial, including all the controls when it comes to cyber, when it comes to recent control, AML you mentioned. I mean, that is where we need to bridge what we've built together over the past decades in terms of all the controls, regulatory compliance at all levels, cyber, providing liquidity to the system with the new world of bridging of bringing new innovations at the domestic level. For example, CBDC that indeed has a great promise when it comes to financial inclusion, programmer money. And in that regard, we've been running, we've been working on that also on tokenization of assets. But in CBDCs in particular, we made a breakthrough experiment last year whereby we came up together with several central banks and commercial banks with the results that we can through the SWIF platform, with all the controls that have been embedded over the past decades, through SWIF platform, we can bridge any country having any kind of technology or any kind of formal value. And we did particularly obviously focus on CBDCs. So CBDC is a DLT-based network bridging them with other CBDC-based networks. But also, as importantly, CBDC blockchain-based networks with traditional existing payment systems, whether it is our RTGISs or real-time payment systems. And it was a very important innovation in the sense that if CBDCs or when CBDCs are rolled out in a particular jurisdiction, they can immediately scale and be interconnected to the rest of the world. But with all the controls. And that is what is paramount if we want to build that inclusive and robust financial ecosystem that supports global trade and economic prosperity. Yeah, I think you're making a very important point there, which is CBDCs don't just get rid of the rest of the financial system. And in particular, they need to be linked. There will be many payment systems. There will be many other parts of the financial system, not least of which is securities clearing. So Liva, I want to turn to you to talk a little bit about that. And in particular, I want to understand Euroclear has engaged in some experiments with the Bank de France to settle French government bonds on distributed ledger. So this type of prototyping has been very common. But what I really want to learn from you is what problem you were seeking to solve that the traditional clearing process does not yet address. And really, what does the potential for CBDC for having that fast leg of central bank settlement? What does that mean for securities clearing platform like Euroclear? Thank you, Niga. Thank you to have the opportunity to explain this to you. So as Euroclear, we are in the business of safekeeping and settlement of securities, be that bonds, be that equities, be that funds or ETFs. We hold currently 35 trillion euros worth of securities on our books. And on a yearly basis, we process more than a quadrillion euros worth of securities. That is one and 15 zeros. That is each month World GDP that we process on our books. Innovation and especially innovation in view of supporting safety and efficiency and connectivity of the markets is really at the heart of our purpose. And so it is in that context that we do many experiments, many experiments with blockchain. It is not only about the France one on which I will go into more detail, but it's also digital issuance for real issuance. It's also being part of the finality experiment in commercial digital currency. We are collaborating with Swift in their experiment as well. So a lot of experiments are part of our DNA in order to foster that innovation. Now, typically, if we look at what we have done in the Banque de France experiment, it was really, I would say, an ecosystem experiment and to end life cycle experiment. So we started with doing digital issuance together with the French treasury of real treasury bond for the French treasurer. And that issuance was really native on the chain. And it was both the securities token and the cash token that were native issued on the chain. We had in the ecosystem partners also local banks that were using the same blockchain, and we were working on the blockchain of the Banque de France, by the way, using that same blockchain to manage their client positions. We were then able to go after the primary phase, after the primary issuance into secondary transactions and do the settlements there. And we went even up to the corporate action sphere where we processed corporate actions in this new environment. And while we do that, I think we all at this stage do most of these things to learn because I fully agree that we have to have technical solutions that answer real life problems. We all know that. But you also have to learn what are the capabilities of the new technology in order to strengthen your thinking about how can I solve real life problems. So there's a bit of a chicken and an egg behind that. And so you really have to do these experiments, learn and then get more focused on where can you really add value for pain points in the industry. So what were our big learnings there? First of all, not surprisingly, we learned that we could be more efficient. I think across the different stakeholders, we could be more efficient avoiding reconciliation across the stakeholders in the system, which was a big gain. A second big gain that was clear is that you could increase end-to-end transparency, end-to-end transparency between, I would say, wholesale holding and the ultimate beneficial owner, facilitating life for the issuer, knowing who are their shareholders, who are their investors. So that end-to-end transparency was a big gain as well. But next to that, we also discovered that there were a number of weaknesses, new type of weaknesses that were discovered. We were able to get around the energy problem by putting in four validators model on the chain. So there was a form of central authorities. It was the two parties of the deal, the central bank and us as a central operator of the system. Secondly, a bigger risk. And I think we really have to have that in mind. And sometimes we overvalue the atomic nature of instant settlement. We overvalue that sometimes because what we saw is that there was an increase of fragmentation on the one hand and so a loss of liquidity to trade the issue in itself. And secondly, as you work instantaneously, you lose all the advantages of nothing for some of the parties which can lead to more fails, which can lead to more volumes and which can lead to more credit consumption in our space. But then I would say the biggest challenge that we see in the long run. So you can solve for a number of these problems. But the bigger challenge that we see is not to find a good solution, but it is how do you organize the migration from a current environment with a very strong network effect with parties across the world, across issuers and investors that are connected on an ecosystem. How on earth are you going to organize that migration without expecting a big bang? And is even the added value of what we can see in the positives big enough to justify the huge investment in such a huge migration? And that's where I link that to another point that has been made by several of the speakers. It's about interoperability. And the interoperability, I see it even more between what I say the new and the old world. Because if we don't get that right, I think migration simply becomes impossible. So the interoperability between the new world, but not losing the liquidity of the strength of the current network, that is for me the challenge that we have to overcome. And that is why I believe it is so important to continue experiments, but even more to continue this close collaboration between the initiatives of the central banks in CBDC, between all the initiatives around digital issuance with incumbent big parties, because we will be always material in that interoperability. So I would stop here for the moment. Thank you. Yeah, I love what you said about needing to do the experimentation to understand what's even possible. I call this the technology policy loop. You need to have some idea of what you can do and what the technology can actually achieve and input that into policy and decide what you want to do and then back into the technology. So I like that very much. We could continue this for hours. I think there is so much to discuss here, but unfortunately we are running a bit closer on time. So I'm going to ask each of you, we're going to go down the line starting with Governor Belarde, if that's okay. But before we get to that, I want to ask each of you to say to the governors, I want your thoughts on what it is that you want to see from the private sector to help develop and scale CBDC.  And Javier and leave, I want to know what does the private sector need from central banks to navigate this new space? But before we go down the line and get to that, I'll give you a moment to think about your answer to that question. I just want to speak very briefly about design choices. We don't have enough time to get into it today, but there's so many important design choices in central bank digital currency design. How will privacy be enabled? There is this myth and misconception that a central bank digital currency automatically means surveillance, when in fact we have the technology, we know how to design it, so that in fact the operator does not need to see fine grain transaction data if we don't want them to. Similarly, there's a myth that it requires an internet connection or a mobile device, when as Governor pointed out, no, it's actually very important that we design this to work in an offline context and potentially even for the most vulnerable who might not have access to mobile devices. And I think another really important question is around custody and access. Who can hold the CBDC? A key difference between cash and any kind of digital money is that cash is held by a user directly whereas digital money requires a financial intermediary. And most CBDC developments now also involve financial intermediaries. And so I think we have to ask ourselves the question, why do we think that CBDC will achieve different results if we end up replicating our existing intermediary ecosystem? So I think we have to be very thoughtful and creative as we go down that line. And so now I want to turn to everyone to talk about this question of how the private and public sectors could work together. So we're going to do this quickly starting with Governor Bellarde. What do you want to see from the private sector? I believe the role of the central bank is to regulate the standards, but slowly the sector is of innovation. They are going to be the ones that innovate, that create new products. I believe it's very important. What is important for us is to set these standards and to foster competition also. And in many cases, we are trying to work at that with user experience. So no bank seems to be more benefited because of the design of the screen in these cases. But I believe the role of the private sector is fundamental, but within a set of regulation that might order these innovations. And Javier? I would say, well, clearly I think we are facing a fantastic opportunity to achieve those targets over the next five years to improve international payments and bank the unbanked, two billion people that are unbanked in the world. Innovation is happening from the private sector will continue. And that can guarantee you that it is indicated. From our perspective, maybe I would add two points that are relevant, at least from our perspective for the public sector. And they are, you know, to consider fragmentation in this whole process, to consider, to make sure that we, whatever we come up with at the domestic level and with new forms of value, takes into account this famous theme that we've been discussing here and across the company about a conference about interoperability. So that is crucial that when we come up with the new innovations, these can scale and these can go against the potential forecast of having digital islands that could accelerate even more technological fragmentation that, as we know from the IMF, recent reports have said that could send countries into reverse gear and contract their GDP by 5%. So one is fragmentation, the other one, definitely cyber. It's when we come, well, you talked about AML and obviously regulatory compliance, but I think cyber is paramount when we come to innovation to, you know, embed cyber from the outset when we come up with new designs for domestic technology that can obviously scale over time. Obviously we have experience at Swift, but not only at Swift, it's not only about infrastructure security, it's not about actually a single party security where it is a financial institution or a central bank, it's about the ecosystem security, it's about having the right common standards and practices that can be embedded across the ecosystem. It's about the ecosystem security so that we can have endpoint security and have the robust foundations that can support that innovation. Thank you. Governor, your own. And briefly, if we're running out of time. Sure. Well, first of all, even if I envision a retail CBDC, I envision it as a two-tier system where the private sector is actually the one that is engaged with the end users. So they're going to be there almost by design. It need not be even banks, it could be payment providers, and because they don't have the financial liabilities that less regulation may need to be in there. So it's already back there. Science has not said the last word on developments, and the private sector is usually very good at that more so. So we will need them there. Just as an example, we use the company VMware in Israel to help us with limited privacy in one of those projects. So I believe it's always there. I'll just say the issue of is it a solution looking for a problem? I think there's a whole host of issue. It's the integral of all of these that will ultimately give rise. I don't think there's a single point that gives sort of the reason to do a lift off on that. And it's the scale, the economies of scale of central banks. It's the trust of central banks. We have to continue to develop these experiments to be in the frontier. And here I share my friend LaCetre point is as a small open economy, we have to be at the frontier. We have to be ready in case this is happening. But for interoperability to happen, we also need the major central banks to be involved. I'll stop here. Okay, Liva. So I think this is a journey on which nobody today is certain about the endpoint and even less about the way how to get there. So in order to facilitate the journey, because we are on that journey and the journey is going to happen, I think in order to facilitate that, I would see two requests that I would say to the central bank community. One would be to align amongst themselves. I would say within the Eurozone, I'm already aware of three different models of CBDC that are being taught about. So I think the more alignment between central banks on these design choices will be helpful for everybody. And then the second request I would have is to involve the private sector, the incumbents that will be so necessary for that migration in as much as possible experiments so that we learn together and that we design that journey together. That would be my two questions. Okay, Governor, last word briefly. Very clearly, it's not our intention to open bank accounts for all citizens in the central bank. Let's get that one clear. Partnership with the private sector is going to be important. That partnership is going to have to be reconfigured because we are in the business of monetary policy and financial stability. And this, our actions get transmitted through the actors in the market. So that issue of partnership is going to become important. Thank you. Well, this has been a fascinating conversation. Thank you again to all of our panelists for being here. And now I'd like to turn it over to Drew. Sorry, we are closing. So thank you so much everyone for joining us again. Yes.


Welcome back to the channel. In today's video I'm going to share with you the general plan of how we are going to actually structure out this website. We're going to focus so much on using the internals of WordPress and not using many plugins. We want to keep this as minimal as possible so that the theme can be self-sustaining apart from the few things that really need to go in a plugin that we can always just add to our particular website. Now remember that themes are supposed to just handle the beautiful outlook of data while plugins will do most of the functionality and even handle the data. So let me highlight some of the things that are going to show us what we need to structure out. So let me start with the general structure of the site. I'm going to hope to use Bootstrap while I'm doing this site because it offers me so many things straight out of the box. I could have used ordinary CSS to do this but I don't want to have this very long menu right here. I'm going to have very short menus so what I'm going to do is use Bootstrap to help me leverage this and what do I mean? If you go to Bootstrap and you look in the nav section you'll be able to see that you have these tab navigations that do this. So what we shall do is remove these borders and have everything looking nice like we have inside our template right here. Now the other reason why I'm going to use Bootstrap is when I hit this little plus symbol it gives us a model that looks like this. So if I go to Bootstrap and go in the model section you'll see that when we click on this button we actually get a model that does the same thing altogether. So this is what we're going to use and it will allow us to do this whole bit that we have here where you can choose large, medium and the different pieces that you can add to your order. So for the other things like the logo, like the menu navigation that we have here, those we shall leave them inside WordPress and we shall be able to add them even using our customizer so we'll be able to just see some of those pieces adding into the customizer. We shall then add our administration page that will allow us to add things like the estimated delivery time and the text that should be here. We'll add a custom post type for little deals like these that can be shown. So inside our wukamas we shall be able to add our different products like what we have here. We'll use the categories available just to show whether the food is vegetarian or it's for non-vegetarians. So we're going to use variations in our products to add all this information and these pieces that can be added to our order and that will be all. Now for the part where we proceed to checkout we shall use also wukamas' checkout page that will allow us to fill the details, we shall allow guest ordering or we can allow for people to actually open up accounts so that they can follow up their orders with us. So let's jump in to see how we can actually do this. I'm going to show you how to make the product variations and if you already know how to make the product variations I would say please follow through, make your own site because once we start coding you're going to need to see some of the things that you are doing and making it look nice for yourself. You can choose to do this on a local host or on an online server and in my case I'm going to install WordPress on my online server so I'll use softaculas where I'll just click this little WordPress logo and it's going to allow me to install a particular piece of code and I'll choose to install. So I'm going to install this on my subdomain which is food.media Uganda WordPress 5.5. I'll add food theme development as our site name. I'll leave that as it is. I'll add some details for myself right here. I will allow this to reduce the login items from different people who will try to just jump in. Allow this to auto upgrade and then I'll allow the plugins to upgrade and then just fill in the last detail here and once I'm done filling in all what's needed I'll click install and now my site is ready so when I click on this I'm actually able to see my blog that is ready for fixing so let's go into that main area. So I'll login into my my blog and then we are good to go so we're in the backend I'm just going to go install the few plugins that I will need and once I'm done I can activate or install any other plugins that I might want. I'm going to use wukamas mainly so we're trying to keep the plugin usage on our theme and on our project as minimal as possible to show us that we can do so much with less plugins at that one it reduces how much time you need to actually maintain the plugins you reduce the security loops and the holes that are in there and generally your site will run much faster because you probably don't have bad written code lying somewhere inside your website so when we get to wukamas it has this new field to it so I want to install it quickly so we're ready I'll put in a few details I'll add in my region I'll put in a city then I'll add a postal code to this so I'll just leave this as is click continue you can choose to sign in to send information and then I'll choose that mine is going to be food and drink continue and then I'll be dealing with physical products so it's the only thing I need to check here but you have so many things that have been listed for you that you can actually add into your cut and pay for from wukamas itself so I'm going to list so many products so maybe I could say 100 or whatever to this and then I'm not selling anywhere I'll turn off all these other plugins because I don't need them and then I'm going to choose to stick to the current theme that I do have I'm later going to change it when I start building the theme so I will skip also adding jetpack and wukamas services because I'm not going to do that so now we are actually ready we are inside our site I'm just going to add a few of my products so I'll add them manually and in order to use very nice pictures I'm just going to go over to unsplash or pixels and I'll just get some pictures from there so I'm going to add the different pizzas we'll start with a margarita and what I'll do is we can use the product categories that are here to choose whether we're going to have we can have vegetarian and of course I'll change this to be non-vegetarian now we could add our own custom taxonomy in here there is a video that I've listed down below in this video description and you can be able to see it how you can create your own taxonomy so you could have something that says vegetarian stroke non vegetarian and you can just always have two of these taxonomies showing up so in this particular case we're going to have a margarita which is vegetarian and we are going to add the image after adding our image here we're going to come and choose the product that we want is going to be variable and we are going to go to the variations but before we do that we need to go to the attributes to set up the kind of attributes that we want so we click add and I'm going to add sizes and in here I'm going to add small add a pipe to separate medium another pipe to separate and have large then I'll take the used for variation because one set of the variation and pricing down here so I'll click save attributes and then the other attribute that I want to add is accompaniments and for the accompaniments we're going to have things like pepperoni olives extra cheese so we'll just use those and then we'll have add variations right here you can have as many variations as you want and after doing this I'm going to click the save attributes right here and I'll go to the variations because I've already set up the attributes here like the sizes and accompaniments the variations we want to do should be coming from what we have here so I'll click create variations from all attributes and I'll click go and this will tell me that it can only run a maximum of 50 and I'll click okay and once the system is done creating the variations we now have them down here now with these variations we're able to set up the different pricing for this so we can have a small with pepperoni and we shall say that maybe that's 530 and then we can have with olives maybe that's 540 small again with just extra cheese maybe that's 560 and what we're going to do is just do the same for all the other sizes so medium and then finally our large with extra cheese 760 and once we are done we click save changes and this is with me doing bare minimums but you can be able to add small descriptions to even your little variations that you do have so I'm going to go and publish this and then we'll look at it now if the task that you have is to create more of these particular products that you do have to allow us to have quite an assortment that we can work with so let me go in the front end and just view what we've created and you'll see that we already have this showing up in the current theme it shows us that it's in between a particular amount of dollars so you have from 530 all that 760 it depends on what you choose so if you choose a small and then choose a pepperoni it will give you the pricing that you do have here if you choose something that's large and then you choose it with extra cheese then you're going to have 760 showing up right here and after choosing this you can be able to add this to the cut and after adding it to the cut you can now go view the cut and you can update either your order right here and then you can choose to process your order or you can add a number of things and then come to this page but for any restaurant this seems like a whole lot of things to do in most cases when you go to a restaurant you just want to look at the menu the waiter will take your order or waitress and then they will bring you the food and that's all you need to do and then they give you the bill it's just about three steps you order you eat you pay in this particular case it's online you just need to order and pay and then it's delivered to you then you eat it so we're going to cut out most of these particular items like the updating we're going to make it into a mini cut like you saw what our theme is supposed to be and those are the things we're going to start working on right now but before we get there please add more products into your content area so that this can seem more real life like than a theme that you developing now of course you can manage your stock inside wukamas but the disadvantage with that is that it does not have a number of variations that you can do so let's say if you added 10 pieces pizza in here and two are ordered for today tomorrow you will have only eight available and yet you supposed to be able to take in an order of about 10 every day now we shall use custom code to handle our our inventory so we are not going to handle the inventory right here we'll add a plugin that will allow us to do our own orders so we'll add on our custom code to help us to change the inventory that we do have and that will help us manage our shop much much better so we're not only going to have variable products we're also going to have products that are actually singular or what in wukamas is called a simple product because when we look at these other items that we do have here let's say when you go to the salad you'll only see that they asking you whether you should have cutlery for this so we're going to have singular products so I'm going to put in some soups so we're going to have some soups and we're going to have salads and that will help us determine what we have actually up here so I'm going to go back to our products and I'm going to add the basil soup it will be vegetarian because it's a roasted tomato let's add an image and that soup is going to cost maybe six dollars let's keep on adding the products and then we'll shall group them a little later when we list all our products here I have at least over 10 products I hope you've been able to do that as well make a number of products and we're going to give them different categories now the one thing I want to show you is that your data should never be determined by the theme you have rather your theme should work with the data that you do have so in the categories that we have here I'm going to introduce some new categories of what we come on the kwaul taxonomies so I'm going to include a taxonomy to show whether the food is vegetarian or non vegetarian and we're also going to include the different types that we do have for example we have pizza here we have soups we have salads then we have drinks now with that I will be able to do a couple of other modifications for example you cannot only order a drink in our shop you need to order the drink with some food so those are some of the things that we are going to keep on adding and variating inside our theme development so with that background let's go and see how the theme will look like on the front end so currently we are using this default theme and I'm just going to go to the shop page and you'll see that we have our order of different things right here but they're all scattered around it's very hard for me to start choosing and picking but we are going to order it into this nice and slick thing that we do have here so let's start by looking at what theme development looks like in wordpress let's go to the basics pick them from there and then we'll see how we actually make this possible so when we're going to the wordpress handbook if you click the build your first theme you'll see that there are a number of files that are required we need a theme folder we need to have the styles.css file we need to have an index.php file and that is all that we need and once we put this together inside one theme folder then we are ready to move to the next step so let's get those included and then we can start our theme I'm going to go back into my cpano and I'm going to go into the wp content I'll go into my themes directory and I'm going to create a new folder and I'm going to call it techifood and we'll create this folder and inside our techifood we're going to create the three files we talked about needing we need the style.css file and then we also need the index.php file and lastly we're going to require the functions.php file now we have these three and we need to start editing them to be able to see any kind of life form inside our theme so if I go into my site go into the appearance panel and then go to themes you're going to see we have techifood here when I try to activate it it actually shows up because it has the different files now let's go in the front end and try to see if we get anything you see we actually get a blank white space it's still blank because we've not added anything inside our theme so let's go back to our theme I'm going to go into the index.php edit it and I'll add something very simple I'll start the php and I'll echo the famous line which is hello not hello world so when we reload it you will see that we get hello on this page that we do have here I'll reload our shop and you'll see that we get hello here and whatever you are I go to even if I just got food.ourdomain I'll still get hello and the reason that is so is because WordPress told us it needs only three files to start with style.css the index.php and the functions.php file now the functions.php file could be ignored and you would have only these two and they would work for every page or page template it first defaults to the index.php file let me show you what I mean by that there is something that we call the WordPress template hierarchy and this is how it looks like so these little lines that you see show you where you start from and where you end and we usually start from the right hand side the most important file is the index.php all these other files all these other categories of page templates can always be found in the index.php or we can customize them to be their individual pieces now we always start from the left because the index is like the master key it can open all doors but these are the individual templates that keep branching off and stemming off are other keys that open individual doors so let's say we wanted to style something for like the shop a shop is an archive content type and if you're looking at singular pages like blog posts or page templates of a particular type you'll have the singular you have the single or the page or you can go to the page id page slag or you can have it as a custom.php or you can have it as a custom template or a page template and you can go all the way backwards to this now even our error four files can always end up in the index just by following this route we can have our error four pages in here so in our particular theme we don't need to have so many page templates because we're going to do something that's very simple the only things that we might have different might be a single.php let's say if we introduce a block and we might also introduce something that's very simple like a page four page so I'll open our single.php file because later we won't work with a blog on our site and then I'll have a four four php so we're going to have this particular four files and that's going to be all that we need to get us going so from the theme basics here we're going to go into the template files common word press template files you'll see that we have a default index.php and style.css and as you scroll down you will see that we have a front-page.php which will always be used as a site front page if it exists regardless of what we set in the admin settings in our cms so what they're talking about is when you go to settings it go to reading it will not matter what someone sets here as home page or whatsoever the default page that will be read will be the file that we're going to create and we are going to call it front-page.php so this is where we're going to have everything going so remember in our index file we have hello I'm going to copy this edit our front page and let's see what's going to happen so I'll edit this I'll paste this and I'm going to change this to front page let me save this here if I go to our reading wukamas creates for us a page called show so let me save this shop as our page and let me go and view our home right here let's reload our home and you will see that it will always default to the front page so this page that we are looking at here is the way is what we're going to style as our front page.php so let's start working on that and let's make it beautiful and let's add in the different components so there are so many other things that you can see from this particular content like having a header.php which will contain all our header information or the footer and all the other pages in here so what I'm going to do is all the other pages are going to default to the index.php that we shall create but the only thing that's going to default is going to be our front-page.php and then we shall also have just one single.php to handle all the blogging or the different singular pages so let's go in and then start working with our front page.php if you want to see more information about this I'll leave this link inside the description of the video and you can always visit it and find out more details about this but in our particular case we're now going to start bringing in our bootstrap we're going to bring in our colors that we've picked and we're going to start writing a number of different things to showcase our data. The last file we need to make our theme to look complete is actually the screenshot.png you will go back to appearance and go to themes you will see that our theme actually looks incomplete compared to these other themes they have images screenshoting or showing us what our theme will look like at the final end. Now we just need to provide a screenshot.png file that is 1200 pixels by 900 and it will be able to fill this space that we have right here so I'm going to attempt to take a screenshot of what we have here and we're going to rename this into screenshot or lowercase.png and it's already a png file format so that is good for us now I'm going to come back here and upload it drop it here and then you will see that it's uploaded in here and all I need to do is come back reload what we have here and you'll see that our theme is now looking complete just like all the others it fills the space and we have a preview we're actually going to have so contrary to just having these few pages here we can use what we call a stata theme now there are so many stata themes and you can actually just google to see what press stata themes we have things like underscore we have sage we have understrap we have wp rig we have kach stata we have genesis and we have others like astra and hello that are used by elementa now the one that I usually follow that's minimal in nature is underscores and you can get it from underscores dot me and with it here you just need to give your theme a name you can go into the advanced section so we'll give our theme a name and we'll call it a take you food we'll give it a slug which is the same as our what we have here the author will be me of course or you and then we'll just give it in this case we're going to have food.medioganda.com and then we'll just say take your food custom theme so take your food wukamas custom theme now you can add the wukamas boiler pledge to it and you can even use sas so you can use that to build your css if you know how to use sas very well so once you do that you can just click generate and you'll be able to download you'll be given a download of the folder with all the files that you need and I'm going to just open this and you'll see that you have almost the same number of files just relatively more so you have the four four archives footers you have the headers you have included template parts if you need those you have the page you have the sas css here for you you have all these pieces template parts you have a wukamas dot css file that's added for you because it styles most of the wukamas and you have a language pack so that you can be able to translate your theme and you have all these other things included for you so using a starter theme like this one is very helpful it will help you meet almost every part that you need about your theme or you can just always use the method that we've started with right here so I'm going to apply the starter theme I'll use the screenshot that we have here and then we'll be able to see what that looks like so let's upload that theme let's go back and see what that looks like it's right here so let me rename this so that we don't have it all confusing and then let's extract this other one right here and since techifood is now the default or what we have let's go back to our manage our themes here you see we have techie dash food right here we have also techifood showing up right here so this is the active one if I go back to my front page you will see that we get some sample data showing up we have a menu showing up here we have our title we have our description we have all these things showing up and it's relatively close to what we have as a theme so we are able to do the different things that we wanted this is what a starter theme is it doesn't have any styling but it provides you with the basic components of what a theme would be so now that you know how to use a starter theme it's going to work equally as we would with our own theme that we've written from scratch the only difference is we're not going to have that many number of files as what the starter theme actually has so good practice use a starter theme like underscore because this is maintained and managed by wordpress core developers so if you want to submit your theme to the wordpress repo I would advise you to use underskores as a base for your theme it will give you all the details that you need but if you're going to do this for your own sake then I'll tell you go ahead write yours from scratch and live your life so with this in mind with this accomplished we are going to start writing code to affect our theme but we shall be using what we are writing from scratch so that we don't have any distractions so that we actually just pick whatever we need now note that whatever we do in this particular context if we are using our own theme going from zero code completely you can do the same things inside the starter theme so with that in mind I think we shall be able to see the next steps in the next video because this has become really long but if you enjoyed it please give it a thumbs up share it with your friends don't forget to subscribe to the channel if you've not yet and let me know in the comments how you're finding this are the videos too long are you enjoying the content and what would you like to see otherwise enjoy your day


Infrared video from aerial platforms is increasingly being used to estimate wildlife densities. However, there are several sources of imperfect detection which need to be taken into consideration. These include errors caused by the viewer of the infrared video, as well as errors due to the thermal sensor itself. To address this issue, we suggest using double observer methods to assess imperfect detection, as well as combining infrared video with red-green-blue RGB video to reduce false positives. Additionally, it is important to apply stringent verification standards to ensure accurate detection and to collect data at lower altitudes over snow when needed. This article was authored by Zachary J. Deleel, Patrick G. McGovern, Brian G. Dilman, and others.


Hey, Psych2goers! Welcome back to another video. Thanks so much for all the love and support that you've given us. Psych2go's mission is to make psychology more accessible to everyone. Let's get this video started. Are you worried about conflict and friction in your relationship? Have you started asking yourself whether or not the relationship is worth it? Stressful circumstances can make even the strongest and happiest of couples so I can guess the relationship. No matter how much you might love someone or how strong your desire to be with them is, there will still be times that might make you stop and consider whether or not your relationship can go the distance. Here are 7 definitive signs that can help you realize whether or not someone is worth fighting for. 1. They make you happy. When we find someone who makes us happy, we want to do everything that we can to keep this person in our lives. Numerous studies have found that having close and meaningful relationships with the people around us is integral to a greater quality of life and stronger feelings of overall contentment and satisfaction. These kinds of special bonds with people are exhibited in friends or romantic partners who make you smile and feel good about yourself. These types of strong, positive relationships can last a lifetime. 2. You can talk to them about anything. Honesty and openness are the foundation of loving and healthy relationships. Do you truly feel like you can talk to your partner about anything? From your deepest, darkest secrets to all your hopes and dreams? If so, then it shows that there's a deep sense of trust and understanding and acceptance between the two of you, and that kind of connection is rare to find. 3. You love spending time with them.  Do you look forward to seeing them and being around them? Even if you're not planning on doing anything particularly fun or exciting, if you answered yes, then it shows that what you have with this person is special because you enjoy their company and you feel good about being around them. You're content with the mundane because as long as you two are together, you always have a good time. A relationship like this with your partner is easy, comfortable, and definitely worth holding on to. 4. You can be yourself around them. Another great reason why you should fight for someone is if they make you feel like you're free to be yourself around them. They accept you and love you just the way you are, so you feel safe letting your guard down with them. They never make you feel like you're not good enough or that you need to try hard to impress them or that you should change yourself just to please them. They bring out the best in you. And when you're around them, you have the freedom to be your truest, most authentic self. 5. You agree to disagree. Do you believe that couples should strive to have as little conflict as possible to keep their relationship strong? Well, the truth is, constructive conflict is actually a good thing. When you and your partner can agree to disagree about things, it shows that you're both mature enough to handle your problems without resorting to fighting, name-calling, and passive-aggressive behaviors. Agreeing to disagree shows that you prioritize your relation over your desire to be right. It shows that you're willing to set your pride aside for your partner. And vice versa, you respect each other's differences and value in another's opinions, which is a very good sign that you're with the right person. 6. You share the same core values. Do you and your partner have different views and opinions on things? That's okay, as long as you share the same core values. Core values are defined as the fundamental beliefs a person upholds. These are guiding principles that help dictate behavior and understanding the difference between right and wrong. If you invest in a relationship with someone whose values are not aligned with yours, it generally leads to increased disagreements, misunderstandings, and resentment over time. However, if you and your partner believe in the same core values, then it'll be easier to maintain a healthy relationship with them, despite the challenges you might have to face together. 7. You help each other grow as people. Is your partner dependable and encouraging? Do they boost your confidence and push you towards achieving your goals because of how much they believe in you? Do they make you want to be a better person because of the wonderful example that they set for you? A relationship where you help each other grow and change for the better is a relationship worth fighting for. Finding a partner who not only loves and supports you, but also challenges you can help you become the best possible version of yourself. Falling in love and making a genuine healthy emotional connection with someone isn't something that happens too often. Did any of these signs make you realize that your relationship is actually worth fighting for? After watching this video, did you decide to give up on your partner? Or do you plan to work through your problems with them together? Let us know in the comments below. And if you found this video helpful, please like and share this with someone who might benefit from it too. Don't forget to hit the subscribe button for more Psych2Go content. Thanks for watching and we'll see you soon.


Everybody forced here ripping 20 22 legacy football hobby six bucks number 29 random team style I'll leave the results on screen. You can always find them elitonsportscards.com. Good luck. Everybody We see a one-of-one spend a few breaks before one Bunch in that legacy or that museum case It's like what three in the case I think No Barrel the soda was the five so I don't know but I had the book as well There's a walker there got orange damas of Williams rookie number 139 to 149 Detroit. I agree with that Neeks Yeah, agree with that It is true Beating Lane currently, but he isn't had any position players go so I can't really But if that's only if I imagine basketball get some more points We need to hold on to sound I feel good about that. Yeah on the McBride, especially at a dome a high scoring offense CH mini number 19 of 75 the AFC West So I had my dynasty we voted to get rid of kickers. Yeah, starting next year and I think we're gonna get rid of defenses as well Pickings and booth we've got Legends Dan fouts 23 of 150 for the chargers Oh, I don't think I told you this but I'm the commissioner of my school league I think I told you like that was the one where I set the draft like an idiot under the lights Kenny pick it Yeah We had no defense in one line backer pure strong Hassan Haskins. That's a good move So we had like guys like Bobby Wagner and put up like 15 points a game Romeo Dobbs on the rookie auto for the Packers not numbered here for the pack. I mean Rams should Maybe read though. The lease can sit. They'll probably at least make the playoffs It's not strong. They should yeah, I got chargers Joey Bosa 40 of two 99 I mean unless trade trade land comes out and like shots everyone they're pretty much a shoe in for that division Silver Sam Howell rookie Washington Could be I just No content for them. Yeah, I could see them as wild card. Yeah, pure strong junior rookie auto for the Patriots not numbered Is he like third in the back probably the best division the NFC maybe Actually, yeah, I think they are even still Brian Robinson junior rookie for the NFC East mini I think it's hard Yeah pick it rookie base Pure strong rookie orange 176 one on nine pats. I think they repeat repeat for sure. I mean Departures, it's just yeah, like Sam is saying it's too many things have to break right and too many things can happen in the football season, man Kevin Williams the odds of that happening like what's the last time the Patriots like 0304. I think the last team to repeat.  I mean that how old the bills a 10 and a half time is good. You know, that's that's oh you can't contain him forever They're gonna score points Malik Willis rookie baby and Bailey's apropy chrome Thibodeau Devon Lloyd a lot of times the teams that make a playoffs and have deep runs are just some of the healthiest teams Yeah Traylin Berks Covey Bryant's you got a mini for the Colt's Darius Leonard numbered Five of fifty Drone Ford got to 100 Marquise Brown Ravens 57 100 Karen Williams Stingly under the lights rookie chrome. Yeah football and baseball the toughest team sports to repeat in. Oh, yeah, not close Kyle Hamilton James Cook I would say hockey, but I don't think it really is man. Yeah You've seen two repeats in the past eight years almost all three feet Likely Ritter got Romeo Dobbs 12 of 100 rookie auto Packers Packers killing it with two Dobbs auto so far Gardner James Williams got Packers Aaron Rodgers 85 of 125 I didn't think Alan will be the best fantasy quarterback I do Ron Walker Metschy got silver dots and rookie for the Howell Tolbert Tyler Beatty Ravens rookie auto non-numbered London McBride you got a mini for the Raiders is Josh Jacobs Pickens booth Falcon's rookie Drake London number 39 at 299 Cleal Shakir Drake Jackson Jermaine Johnson you're strong Hasan Haskins The one that we're in right Thornton strong Sam Howell rookie for Washington 59 of 199 mainly my receivers are like they're alright. It's not great Cooper Godwin Look better in the past. That's for sure. Yeah My first I guess Sutton would be another guy. That's pretty good. It's good all around. There's no like God what I consider pretty darn good. Yeah outside of that. It's like Who am I gonna count on? Do you might be able to be that guy? Yeah, I'll have this picket so happy that he left He should have left us last I know he was supposed to go to the Ravens or the chief sounds like please Go to either one over the Steelers. It's Kyler Quant brisker Johan Dotson. He got many sake one for the Giants numbered 200 to 215 Watson Breeze Hall you've got Lions rookie a nudge and sin 4 of 299 Bill start the half. Well start the half start the game from the half. Well, I'll pierce Romeo Dobbs got Jamar chase under the lights might be the difference in the game though because I gotta do Defense is good and the Rams offense is Corral Danny Gray You didn't get out Robinson more involved if you ask me Plead I've been imploring the Rams to do that. I didn't send a job. Oh, you got Delish Jones jr. Bears, Ricky Otto non-numbered Some meat Lave Skymore to 150 Ricky Williams legends for the Dolphins It has been a while man doing good watching a Watching Bill's rams Breaking football. How are you doing? Spiller Davis Ricky Silver Skymore for the chiefs Davis price Neil you got a Pierre strong junior rookie out over the Patriots backwards Kurzmarten base there 80 Gordon got a Jamar chase bangles silver many not numbered Did you queen? Oh, yeah, just been as many as get very Ginter. Yeah, very Ginter So many minis in Ginter.  We don't break a ton of it because shipping the minis is such a pain I got TJ Watt 48 to 299 for the AFC South because you pretty much have the top little more. Yeah, right Damian Pierce chrome Help me the show. Oh, yeah, that's the that's the grind game right there Watch your main Johnson trailing Berks Cook Robinson that is trail Davis 51 of 100 for the Broncos the decade of dominance Fell apart at the end Hamilton James Cook we've got a Niners Nick Bosa 237 to 299 Gonna miss my soccer on Saturday, man, I might just not go just to watch sauce He's at George Carlaft this John dots and rookie Washington 41 to 50 Next year we got to do we got to do primarily fantasy. I'll do that. We have to that'd be fun We all kind of know the same amount, right? Yeah, just go by rankings and stuff John dots and Trent Mcduffie We're gonna know Sean Lane will do it Yeah, I think you Caleb to do it easy Breeze Hall, Jacqueline brisker, we got a mini for the Ravens Tyler Beatty number three is 75 IRL Dylan IRL Dylan 141 to 299 legends Carson Palmer bangles Wonder what would happen there if Steelers didn't intentionally hurt Carson Palmer in the playoffs They gray under the lights Justin Jefferson Jabbo Corral Ginter has a release date Tosh Kromas now. Yeah, I'm expecting Ginter for like another month and a half or two months. Yeah David O'Jabbo rookie Otto Ravens On the silver there David O'Jabbo Ravens legend, excuse me folks Excuse didn't mean to offend anybody Legends Eli Manning 171 to 199 legend in what way? For Eli in what way? Can't recall, can't recall any With the league in pigs a few times Evan Elias a spill there silver under the lights rookie Drake London for the for the Falcons He's got a famous last name Gordon you've got David Bell 46 of 50 rookie Otto for the Browns. Oh, here we go.  Yes Got D-Hop 7100 for the Cardinals, she's the best washing player in franchise history Probably Santana mosque. Yeah Yep, maybe Jabbar Gaffney. That's right, Ellen Burks, Coby Bryant, Chris Cooley. Got kind of like Gordon Rookie. Yes. I have Lamar in fantasy dress. I couldn't get him in most leagues because I didn't want to take quarterback that early. Oh, I would have. I have him in one best ball. You know what? I need to have some exposure to Lamar Jackson in some best ball leagues here. Yeah. Robinson. Dude, Vaughn is going to spam send you stuff. I know. I'm going to have to time him out. You will have to time Vaughn out multiple times a night, I would think. I know. They're timing everyone out.  I know.  Isaiah Ligley, Desmond Ritter. Nice Mahomes under the lights. Number 42 of 50 for the Chiefs. Oh, no, no, Sean, come on, man. Don't be saying that. That nonsense. Gardner, James and Williams. John Walker, John Mechie. We've got Kobe Bryant and rookie Mini for these Seahawks. Number 69 of 75. Nice Kobe rookie. This is a running back who sometimes throws with an MVP. They're stingly, Jalen Tolbert. Still better than anything Washington has. Oh, yeah. Nick Bosa, 87-150 for the NSUS. Dude, we should just trade Mack Jones for Lamar Jackson, the Patriots right now. Please, no. Please, no. PLZ, no. Taekwon, Thorin, Carson Strong. I wanted them to draft him, but you're so bad. I know my buddy too. Sony Michelle ahead of him. Good lord, dude. Leak Willis rookie. The Ravens didn't even want him. They took Hayden Hurst. Jackson Hill, Garrett Wilson. The sky got eliminated. Did they? The Sun are in the finals. The Sun. Wow. Yeah. Kevin Williams, 78-149. Rookie Otto for the Rams. The Ravens don't have wide receivers. No, they do not have wide receivers. Bateman could be a wide receiver. We don't know yet. Wondale, David Bell. Michael Strahan, 83 of 125 for the Giants. Got Kenny Pickett. Silver rookie, Desmond Ritter. Bailey Zapp, Rizappi, Carl Aftis. James Conner for the Cardinals Auto here, 29-50. That's one player I don't think I have any of in any of fantasy football at all. James Conner. I do. Yeah. Oh, yeah. Got Cooper Cup Rams number, not numbered, Silver Mini. Can't touch James Conner. Whoa. I don't know. League leaders in touchdowns last year? Resolute to Juan Brisker. Cooper Cup number, 12-299. Yeah, exactly. He doesn't find the end zone. It's bad. Dobbs and Watson. Dobbs, Chrome. Danny Gray. Jabbo, Matt Corral. Skymore, Aiden Hutchinson. Bears, 19-199. Justin Fields. And last box. Box six. Yeah, 25 minutes on this break is nowhere near enough time. Yeah, what are we on now? I've been moving through these things. We got 20. On that 20. Oh, yeah. We started behind too. There's nowhere near enough time. Write that down. Write that down. Write that down. Write that down. Travis Kelsey, 12-1-299. Chiefs. Say a likely ridder. Got under the light. Drake London, Falcons rookie. Number nine of 50. Yeah. Those could take a double-digit lead here. Gardner, James and Williams. Walker and, um, Mechie. Got Justin Jefferson under the lights. Minnie, 69-75. Vikings. Tolbergs. That is Drew Pearson, 64-1-9. Cowboys. Drake London, Trey McBride. Mack Jones under the lights. Pickens and booth. Jalen Tolberg. Cowboys rookie auto. Cowboys. Rothesberger. Green, 42-of-100. Steelers. Stingley. Got under the lights. Silver, Justin Jefferson. Zach Moss carrying the ball. I told you, man, that Buffalo backfield. It's just crowded. I don't want no part of it. Typhon Thornton, Carson Strong. Got Khalil Shakir, 91-of-149 rookie auto builds. Daxon Hill. Garrett Wilson. Got under the lights. Silver, Matt Stafford. All in the main. Walker. Walker. Kenny Pickett, 47-100. Rookie for the Steelers. Nice number to Kenny Pickett. Wondale Robinson. David Bell. Tyler Beaty-Krome. Pickett base. Dang, no dare to tear. George Carlaftis. Real quick, do a recap. Got Bill's rookie auto. Khalil Shakir. Number 91-of-149. Cowboys. Jaylen Tolbert auto. We had James Connor. Cardinals, 29-of-50. Kyra Williams. Rams. Rookie auto. Number 78-of-149. David Bell. Rookie auto. Cleveland, 46-of-50. Ravens. David O'Jabbo auto. Pat's. Pierre. Strong, Jr. Bears. Velish. Jones, Jr. Ravens. Tyler Beaty. Pat's. Pierre Strong again. And Packers. Romeo Dobbs. That's going to do it.  Thanks, everybody.


The consumer internet connects about 5 billion devices. Think about all the new business models that came about, all the changes in our lives. Now imagine we connect 50 billion devices to each other. Devices that run manufacturing floors, that run energy plants, that run healthcare systems. What kind of value can they create in the world? What kind of business models can happen through this? We need businesses to rethink their business models.  You see increasing importance of these ecosystems that together start creating these tremendous new solutions that dramatically can improve people's lives. We can really increase the utilization rate of products. Today, the utilization rate of cars is maybe 15%. Half of the time is used to search for parking spaces or standing in traffic jams. Using data and software, we will be enabled to automate driving. We will bring up the utilization rate and I think the same might happen to the industry. We will see devices that no longer fail or are repaired before the failure happens. And that will change the way that we buy products, it will change the way we rent products, it will change the way we think about products. In the past, the focus was on automation of muscle work. In the future, software will really help us to automate knowledge work to come up with better decisions, faster decisions. The skill set required for jobs in manufacturing will dramatically change. We will see far more white-collar workers in factories than what we have today. We will see many products being offered as services. Some people estimate that the industrial Internet of Things is as big as the entire US economy. Capturing that benefit, creating the right framework, engaging the right parties is essential so that at the end of the day, the benefits can outweigh the risks. There are some pretty significant questions that leaders within those organizations have. By coming together and sharing perspectives and understanding how others are thinking about these issues, they can collectively come up with better approaches to be able to create the enabling environment as well as individually walk away with a more informed position to make individual decisions. They lead to rethink products and services, reinvent business models, and retrain and retool the workforce. Doing this and more will be important to make sure that this trend, the industrial Internet of Things, doesn't just deliver the business and economic advantage, but also the human advantage. It's the people behind it that have the power to make it truly transformative.


Thank you all for for being here. The purpose of this briefing is to discuss and provide updates on several recent shootings in our city. Unfortunately, gun crime remains our greatest threat. Both in the city and in the county. I'm joined by Sheriff Leon Lott, Major Frank O'Neill with State Law Enforcement Division, Major O'Neill command sleds narcotics alcohol and vice division. I'm going to describe our gun crime picture over the past week. And through this weekend, discuss some current steps being put in place to provide us a better capacity and operational tempo to prevent and solve crime moving forward. I want as I as I go through this crime summary, I want you just to I hope this resonates with you just the extent of the issue we're having with with gun crime. Going back to August second, discharging a firearm, Covenant Road, it's in the metro region. Multiple rounds were fired property damage. Discharging a farm, Magnolia Street Metro region, multiple rounds fired this charging a farm, Lorick Circle, North region, 26 rounds fired property damage. August 3rd, pointing and presenting a firearm on Saluda Avenue, discharging into a dwelling on Norman Street, five casings recovered property damage, discharging into a dwelling on Howe Avenue Metro region, four casings recovered property damage, attempted murder on Bailey Street, one victim injured in the leg with non life threatening injuries. Discharging a firearms Spears Creek Church Road in the east. On August 4th, just charging a farm Duke Avenue. August 6th, discharging a farm Rosebud Street North 19 casings, property damage and armed robbery at the Scotchman on Divine Street South region, the handguns used on August 7th, pointing and presenting on Abraham Street North region, murder on Putnam Street in Metro one victim 76 year old Alfonso row shot. He was he not the intended target. His son, Devin row was Devin rose been arrested on a burglary charge. He has not been cooperative. His father was killed because somebody is targeting him because his criminal behavior. He's not cooperative. August 9th pointing present homes Avenue in the north region. Shooting attempted murder following springs in the north region, one injured. They've on green. African American male 21 years old uncooperative. August 10th pointing present Gabriel Street in the north region shooting five points. One injured 17 year old high school student two casings recovered shooting Lester Drive north region. One seriously injured multiple rounds fired. Corey McCrae African American 36 years old in serious condition with wounds to his head. August 11th point present Center Street Metro region and discharging a firearm better betterdale Avenue for casings property damage. We also had 18 shot spotter alerts, 58 rounds recorded fired numerous casings recovered and entered in the diamond. Four gun seas three of them being stolen. One of the instance of the shot spotter alert involved a group of people gathered at a grave site overall Farrow Road, where the uncle of one of the folks surrounding the grave fired a gun purportedly in recognition of the anniversary of the death of his uncle. Responding officers made a traffic stop and arrested him with a gun. So what are we doing presently? We continue to leverage our law enforcement partnerships and technology that's available to us. You're continuing to see seamless operational investigative cooperation. Unlike you've never seen before with the Sheriff's Department, we know the same offenders commit crimes in both jurisdiction. We also recognize the collaborations imperative that is reinforced always from the sheriff and myself. With the weekly crime meetings, our officers, deputies, investigators, agents and prosecutors all meet. That's never been done before. Our gang task force will continue to focus on validating gang members. And most importantly, those that are associated with the validated gang members will continue to leverage our real time initiative with our federal partners with ACF, ATF, and our ceasefire. Colombia is our offender calling. We will have another offender call in next month. We're currently reviewing our violent felons that reside in Colombia. As I stated before, 634 violent felons are on probation or parole in Colombia. 634 316 reside in two nine 203 another 50 are on federal probation. We have between 15 and 30 youthful offenders and juveniles that are on probation that are in our neighborhoods. We've made 825 home visits since the first of the year, putting our eyes on these useful offenders, making sure they know that we know where they are and they're supposed to be where they are. We're going to continue with our partnership through the Project Safe Neighborhoods with the US Attorney's Office they have provided significant prosecutorial resources to our efforts, continue to exploit ShotSpotter technology will remain data driven and intelligence driven and focusing on the prolific offenders, our trigger pullers and gang members. What else are we doing? We're up staffing. I issued a directive yesterday requiring all administrative sworn personnel, including lieutenants, captains, majors, deputy chief and myself to work Friday and Saturday nights until further notice will work in all crime hotspots in our city, particularly in the north metro region, Millwood corridor, five points, this entertainment area. We're introducing Alistar technology. This technology is a common operating picture technology that combines multiple programs used into one picture. We have a lot of different systems that we use, but they've always been siloed and this technology and there's a snapshot of it up here on the board integrates with our CAD with our dispatch. So our commanders in the field can have operational awareness, situational awareness of where all our assets are. They know where our people are and where our cars are and they'll be able to direct resources accordingly. The other feature of this is they'll be able to from from desktops in our crime center be able to monitor pan tilt zoom cameras in our hotspots that will be deploying this week. We're also after discussions with with the sheriff. We're also appointing Jack Shear. He's a sergeant with the police department right now. He's and he's in the promotional process for for Lieutenant. He's being named as assistant commander at Midland's gang task force. We think this will bring even greater continuity of service and seamless command and control of gang operations. We created an alert system for alcohol enforcement violations with sled and DOR incorporating criminal violations for establishments throughout the city to potentially develop into administrative violations in five points in the surrounding area. This past week we've seen Alan and Benedict just moved in. We have USC moving in the next few days when we're currently involved in college education and crime prevention meetings with the kids in the schools. We will begin a welcome back operation in the next few weeks and five points where officer interactions will involve warnings and then strict enforcement. Sled will be a constant presence along with the gang task force in both undercover and uniform capacity will have real time monitoring of our surveillance cameras in our entertainment districts but also in our city wide crime hotspots. You'll also see traffic enforcement in entertainment areas to include DUI enforcement distracted driving and reckless driving city wide and in our entertainment areas. Gang members and associates can expect to interact with law enforcement. We will make lawful interactions every single time we identify you. We'll continue strict enforcements of nuisance ordinances and rental ordinances. We're down to eight late night establishments and five points. An example of a recent nuisance situation was Lakeshore Village. Lakeshore Village is an apartment complex out off Garner's Ferry Road. We annexed it in the middle of 2017. Since that time it has been a significant drain on police resources. We've had over a thousand calls for service. 143 document and criminal offenses and 177 code enforcement cases. We've had a meeting with their management and their their legal team. Very productive meeting. They're taking some immediate steps to mitigate some of the problems but we have every intention of moving forward if we don't see a dramatic change in the immediate future. That's a drain on resources. Those are resources that we can have in other places. We're seeing some some promise in our hot spot or excuse me in our in our shot spot or area with some crime reduction. We need that to become city wide. We recognize that our violent crime city wide is up six percent. Our property crimes are flat meaning the same as this time last year. So we have some work to do. We still think it's important to focus on the prolific offenders and and continue that that intelligence led course of action. Sheriff do you have anything you want to Chief Holbrooks went over what we're doing the programs we've got the technology that we've got but I want anybody to think that this is a law enforcement problem. This is a community problem. The violence we got in our community has to be dealt with by everybody in the community not just us in law enforcement. We're doing our part and we're going to continue to do our part. We need help from the community. We need help from parents. There's no reasonable explanation for a 14 15 16 year old child to be out two or three o'clock in the morning. We see that all the time. They're out. Parents have no clue where they're at what they're doing and what they're involved in. And we're out at that time of night. They usually out there getting in trouble. Either committing a crime or they become a victim of crime. All too often we have drive by shooting.  We go interview the people in the house. They have no clue. That they'll tell us about but they actually know exactly who did the shooting. You know parent. You know. Ask their child. I can't make that young person in the house. Tell us who did the shooting or what they're involved in. That parent can. That's what a parent's supposed to do. But they're not doing that. And then from that shooting that drive by shooting they will have retaliation. We don't have parents in our community being parents. We need parents to step up. Be parents. These young people we've got out here that are victims and that are causing a lot of these crimes. It's going to take this community to come together. Elected officials or churches or schools. Our parents our neighborhoods. The only way we're going to be successful is everybody gets involved in this effort. We're going to do our part but we can't stop it by ourselves. We can continue to lock them up. We continue to seize guns. But if we don't have the community backing us and we don't have the community involved in it. It's just going to keep going and going. So my plea to everybody is you got to get involved. If you don't then it's going to continue. So help us. Become a partner. Become a partner what we're trying to do. Be part of the solution not part of the problem.