Greetings from the National Archives. I'm David Ferriero, Archivist of the United States, and it's my pleasure to welcome you to today's virtual book talk with Robert Elder, author of Calhoun, American Heretic. Before we begin, I'd like to tell you about two upcoming programs you can view on our YouTube channel. On Thursday, February 25th at 7 PM, we invite you to the panel discussion on the Black Family, Representation, Identity, and Diversity, which is a theme of this year's Black History Month. The panel will discuss the Black Family as the foundation of African American life and history and examine its place in history, literature, the arts, and social policy. And on Friday, February 26th at 7 PM, we'll host current and former members of the Harlem Globe Trotters in a program called Spinning in the Globe, the History and Legacy of the Harlem Globe Trotters. Drawing on National Archives records, this panel discussion will focus on the history and legacy of the Globe Trotters. In the first sentence of the acknowledgments section of Calhoun, American Heretic, Robert Elder states, the first debt that any biographer of John C. Calhoun owes is to the editors of Calhoun's published papers who painstakingly collected, edited, and published those documents over the course of more than half a century. That sentiment may be expressed by biographers of many of the great figures of our history. And I'm proud that a great number of these projects, including the 28 volumes of the papers of John C. Calhoun, have received funding from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, a part of the National Archives. The NHPRC supports a wide range of activities to preserve, publish, and encourage the use of documentary sources created in every medium ranging from quill pen to computer, relating to the history of the United States. John C. Calhoun, vice president under two presidents, cabinet secretary under three presidents, and senator has reemerged as a subject of historical debate. Robert Elder brings us a closer look at this contentious figure in his timely biography described by Jonathan Horne in his Wall Street Journal book review as a timely and thought-provoking biography of the South Carolina statesman whose doctrines and debates set the stage for the Civil War. Robert Elder teaches American history at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. His research focuses on the cultural, intellectual, and religious history of the American South in the 19th century. Moderating the conversation today will be Rachel Sheldon, the director of the George and Anne Richard Civil War Center and an associate professor of history at Pennsylvania State University. Her research and teaching interests include slavery and abolition, the Civil War, the US South, and political and constitutional history. And she's the author of Washington Brotherhood, Politics, Social Life, and the Coming of the Civil War. Now let's hear from Robert Elder and Rachel Sheldon. Thank you for joining us today. So Bob Elder, I'm so excited to talk to you about your wonderful book, Calhoun. And I wanted to start just by asking you, why did you want to write a book about Calhoun? Thanks, Rachel. That's a great question. You know, I think it goes back to, I remember reading in a graduate seminar in David Potter's book, The Impending Crisis, this phrase about Calhoun, where Potter called Calhoun the most majestic champion of error since Milton Satan. And I was an English major in college, and I was fascinated by this idea that Calhoun was this figure that someone would compare to Satan and Milton, which if you've read Milton, Satan is one of the most fascinating characters, right? He's really smart and devious and diabolical. So that sort of stuck with me. And then actually, when I decided to write the book, was right after the shootings in Charleston in 2015. And after that happened, a lot of people started connecting that violence with Calhoun, both in Charleston, the statue to Calhoun in Charleston, and then protests at Yale over Calhoun College. And I realized that nobody had written a biography of Calhoun at that point in like 23 years or something, and now it's been almost 30, which for figures of comparable importance is almost unimaginable. And also that Calhoun kind of stood in for this interpretation of the Old South as backwards-looking, pre-modern, all of that is tangled up with slavery, obviously, that modern scholarship had changed dramatically in the 20 years since the last biography came out. And so I thought that a biography of him was not only needed, but that it would look much different than the biographies did 20 or 30 years ago because our interpretation of his environment has changed so much, especially the scholarship on slavery and capitalism. Slavery is a kind of fundamental part of global capitalism, and Calhoun as one of the primary defenders of that system looks very different in the context of that scholarship. And luckily, an editor of basic books, Dan Gersel, had the same idea I did, and we found each other sometime, I think in early 2016. So that's a pretty quick turnaround for writing a book. So you must have had some idea about the kinds of things that you wanted to address when you got to Calhoun, but maybe just for people who are not as familiar with him, can you give us sort of a trajectory of his life, maybe three or four really key moments for him or things that matter in understanding Calhoun? Sure. So he's born in 1782 as the, he's the son of Scott's Irish immigrants in the upcountry of South Carolina, or the back country as it was called then. And I think that's actually a really key part about understanding Calhoun is that growing up in the upcountry of South Carolina was very different than growing up in the low country of South Carolina. There's these dramatic political, cultural differences between the two places. And Calhoun grew up in the upcountry during a time period where cotton agriculture was just starting to reach the upcountry. The cotton boom was just starting in the very late 1790s, early 1800s. And so one of the things to understand about Calhoun is that he always associated cotton and slavery with economic progress. And even with, as strange as it is to us, he associated with cultural and societal progress because this is what made his part of South Carolina wealthy. And I think that's kind of a key thing to understand about him, as well as the fact that the political culture of the upcountry was much more small democratic, kind of Jeffersonian democratic than the low country was, where there was still a lot, when he was growing up, was still a lot of federalist leaning groups and a lot of sympathy for the federalists. But Calhoun grew up in a part of the state that was kind of firmly in this Jeffersonian Republican tradition, and his father was a political leader. His father, Patrick, was a political leader in the upcountry. And then he's educated at Yale and in Litchfield, Connecticut at one of the first kind of actual law schools in the United States. And what's interesting about that is that he's a Jeffersonian Republican in kind of the heart, the hotbed of federalism during those years. And I think that that actually speaks really, I think, to just his ambition, that he really believed that this education, he needed to get this education to do what he wanted to do, which from a very early age, it's clear he wanted to be famous and powerful and influential. He had a massive ambition. He's elected to Congress from South Carolina in 1810, and the War of 1812 shapes his entire outlook on the world, but especially his outlook on the British. For the rest of his life, he is suspicious of the British and them trying to extend hemispheric influence over the Americas. And I think that's another key moment, is that he sees in the War of 1812 that the nation is not powerful enough or cohesive enough that it's lucky to survive the war. And so he throws all his energy in for the next few years as Secretary of War under Monroe into building the United States into the sort of power that could resist Great Britain. And that meant internal improvements. It meant a national bank. It meant an army and a navy and a system of fortifications and West Point. And Calhoun has certainly not the primary or only figure doing any of those things. But as Secretary of War, he's a key part of it. And then he's vice president under two very different presidents, John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. And I think the key moment in his trajectory that changes the rest of his life is his falling out with Jackson and the nullification crisis, which is really the moment when Calhoun's trajectory, which had been headed straight up and many people assumed towards the presidency, really shifts and doesn't reverse. But for the rest of his life, he's negotiating and trying to balance between his national aspirations and the tensions of having to respond to what was an increasingly growing radicalism in South Carolina, which he contributes to and co-ops, but also moderates at key moments. And then in the 1830s and 1840s, he becomes primarily known by then for his defense of slavery in the face of abolitionism, especially his famous 1837 speech where he calls slavery a positive good. And then by the end of his life, he has become one of the primary voices in American politics, warning that if there's not some sort of fundamental settlement between the North and the South, by which he means slavery has to be protected in ironclad terms, that secession will be the result. And he dies in 1850. But along in complicated life, just for my own interest, I want to ask you about the political system and his influence on the political system. I always think of him as popping up at really important moments and just being in the right place at the right time in order to move forward. So what can you tell us about what his role in the political system is and sort of where he fits politically? So Calhoun himself is, he kind of moves through the rise of the two-party system. And he's always kind of tacking within that system to try to maintain his national influence. So in the 1820s and 1830s, when national politics is all about Andrew Jackson, he tends, even though he's a Jeffersonian, he was a Jacksonian, but his split with Jackson means that he ends up allying during those years with Henry Clay and the Whigs somewhat. Although later he tells his daughter, I never agreed with anything about, I never agreed with them about anything other than we all hated Jackson. Which I think is somewhat true, although the Whigs represented a lot of things that Calhoun had used to be. So I don't know exactly how true it was. But then after Jackson, he really, for the rest of his life, is within the orbit of the Democratic Party. But he does kind of break with them at key moments, especially towards the end of his life where he becomes convinced that the two-party system is actually weakening the South's ability to defend itself and that what really needs to happen is a unified southern front. They need to reject party affiliations. And so by the very late 1840s, he is trying to manufacture a unified southern front or southern party that can resist anti-slavery and abolitionism. The southern equivalent of the Free Solo Party in 1848 is what he's really shooting for by then. He always prides himself on political independence and he thinks, or at least he says, that the two-party system is one of the big problems that the Founding Fathers could not have foreseen and therefore there needs to be a reassessment, a constitutional reassessment, to account for the fact that now all of a sudden you have these two massive national political parties that could co-opt all three branches of the government in a way that the Founding Fathers never foresaw. And so many of his constitutional theories are aimed at trying to guard against that sort of situation. But he works within the party system but he never finds a... Well, he's not Martin Van Buren. He's not adept at the party machinery. He's a little too stubborn and idealistic or delusional at times to really work within the party system. He prides himself too much on independence sometimes to work within the party system. I always wonder if he would have regretted that viewpoint looking back at 1860 when much of the Deep South had become a one-party region and therefore became ever more interested in secession. Maybe that's exactly what he wanted and we can talk about that in a few minutes. I think he would have looked at that and said, well, even though it's sort of within this old two-party system, this is what I wanted, right? This is what I was trying to do. So even though you're calling yourself, I think that what happens in 1860 politically is what he had been trying to do. It happened in a way he didn't quite expect. Let's talk a little bit about Calhoun's views about slavery. You mentioned them in talking about his life and he's very much known for this view of slavery as a positive good. Can you tell us a little bit about where that comes from and how that influenced the people around him? I like how you talked before about the feedback loops between Calhoun and the people that he represented. One of the remarkable things about Calhoun, given what he becomes famous for, is that before the 1830s, Calhoun is not one of the... There are plenty of voices, as you well know, after the Missouri crisis in 1820, there are plenty of voices saying that slavery is the national issue and there are plenty of Southern voices warning, like Robert Turnbull warning that the North and anti-slavery forces are coming for slavery. Calhoun isn't one of those, mainly because he wants to be president and he has to maintain this very... this cautious view about slavery. And so he doesn't talk about it a lot. There's one famous exchange between he and John Quincy Adams during the Missouri crisis that John Quincy Adams records where Calhoun says, you know, in the South, we consider Thomas Jefferson's words in the declaration to only apply to white people. So clearly he has opinions about it. But it's not until the 1830s, it's not until after the abolitionist kind of upswell in the early 1830s. So William Lloyd Garrison founds the liberator in 1831. The American Anti-Slavery Society is founded in 1833. Britain abolishes slavery throughout its empire in 1833. The Nat Turner Rebellion, you know, is in 1831. And it's in response to that, that Calhoun senses, I think, that the old defense of slavery that people like Thomas Jefferson had made and that a lot of Southerners still made, which was the necessary evil defense of slavery, that that was no longer going to cut it as a political ideology, that it left too much, it conceded too much to abolitionists and their allies. And Calhoun also, yeah. So he fashions, I think, quite consciously this political ideology that slavery is perfectly suited for the modern world, both in terms of the two major developments of the modern world, democracy and capitalism. And Calhoun's argument, which he gives most fully in this famous 1837 speech, is that, is this slavery because of racial differences, and he uses a lot of racial theories, scientific theories, we would call them, pseudo-scientific today, but in his day, there were scientific theories about the inferiority of black people, and he says, given these scientific facts and the fact that within capitalism there has to be an exploited class, then we are incredibly fortunate that we have a class that can never be part of the political system because they're inferior, they need to be taken care of, they need to be exploited. I mean, he's very forthright. He says basically that elites have always exploited the lower classes. We're just being more honest about it in slavery. And in terms of democracy, he says that racial slavery in particular produces this unvarying equality among whites. That it's this thing that is able to produce in a unique way in the modern world the conditions for actual democratic equality between white people. And this makes it, he says, perfect for the modern world because look what happens in places like England and the North, where you have upper classes exploiting the lower classes, he says eventually there's going to be revolution in that situation because it can't last. And I tell in the book the story of how when he makes this speech one of his fellow Virginia senators stands up and basically points out how radical this argument is. Says, the rest of us don't subscribe to this. Jefferson, Madison, Washington didn't subscribe to this. They all thought slavery was a necessary evil. And yet by 1860 it's Calhoun's argument about slavery that Alexander Stevens really pins as the foundation of the Confederacy in his famous cornerstone speech. And so Benjamin Silliman who was one of Calhoun's tutors at Yale when Calhoun died, wrote in his diary about how over his lifetime Calhoun had entirely changed the way of thinking about slavery in the south so that there was little chance for any sort of compromise or even acknowledgement that it was a bad thing. And when you think about it, the necessary evil defense left room for some sort of compromise. I mean if that's what you believe about slavery you might be open to something like gradual emancipation but Calhoun's aggressive shift to this pro-slavery positive good argument really takes that off the table as it becomes more dominant in the 1840s and especially after his death in the 1850s. The irony of that is that while Calhoun argues for it as a positive good for white people and black people that he's constantly surrounded by examples in his own life of black resistance to slavery and he simply ignores these or in terms of his, he doesn't incorporate them into his theories in any significant way. So I tell the story of this family that Calhoun's family enslaved his father, Calhoun's father Patrick buys an enslaved man named Adam sometime before the Revolutionary War we're not sure when. And that man's family is enslaved to Calhoun's family for three generations. Adam has a son named Sonny who grows up with Calhoun and Sonny and his wife Tilla have two children, young Sonny and a daughter named Issy and both Issy and Sonny and young Sonny so Adam's grandchildren both of them commit acts of real resistance. Issy tries to burn down the family's house at one point during Calhoun's presidential run in 1844 and young Sonny is being sent to a plantation that Calhoun owned with his son Andrew in Alabama and young Sonny burns down the over the white overseers tent in the middle of the night and tries to escape and under Calhoun's theory these should have been the people who were most attached to the family who were most, you know, who benefited from slavery and yet, you know, these are the people who are resisting it most violently. So there are contradictions to his theory that he simply ignores. I always wonder about this with Washington politicians in general is that they're surrounded by resistance in Washington which is a hotbed of abolitionism and it doesn't seem to register too many of them where they live. Yeah, well I think, you know, one of the things about Calhoun that I included the lessons of Calhoun which we could get to at the end but human beings are really good at self-deception and we all are I think Calhoun was a master at it I think and there's no better evidence for that I think than that he was constantly surrounded by evidence that enslaved people resisted their enslavement but and yet he made these the arguments about it being a positive good for them as well as for white people in public. We talked a little bit about the about the secession crisis and what Calhoun might have thought of that. Some people call him the founding father of the Confederacy. What do you make of that? Do you think that's an accurate description of him? What do you think he would have thought about secession and the creation of the Confederacy more generally? I think that I'm going to do the historians dodge on this one which is say yes and no. So on the on the no side on the no side I think it's pretty clear that Calhoun never turned secession into a political program in other words he was not one of the politicians and they existed who were constantly trying to get their states and the South to secede Calhoun was his entire constitutional theories nullification his idea of the concurrent majority this idea that you had to have consensus in the government that this was the central principle of the Constitution and his proposal at the very end of his life in his last speech that maybe the US should institute a dual executive one North and one South all these things were his attempts to preserve the union on Southern terms that he wasn't interested in preserving a union without slavery or a union in which the South was vulnerable to the political majorities that were developing in favor of anti-slavery so he wasn't Henry Clay in the sense of he wanted real compromise but he didn't want disunion at the same time he thought it might happen he constantly kind of warned about it but he never actually worked for it and I think there's a difference there so Elizabeth Varen in her book about disunion makes this distinction between different disunionists and I think Calhoun falls into another category that she would call process disunionists which means he's constantly warning that that secession and disunion may happen if the North doesn't relent and that frequently crosses the line into a threat and yet he's never actually working for it for a political program on the yes side, Calhoun is one of the main defenders of the compact theory of the Constitution under which states don't surrender any of their sovereignty when they come into the constitutional arrangement and that underlies the theory of secession so he's one of the most articulate defenders throughout his life of that compact theory which he does to prove that the South should have that there should be a settlement between the North and the South even more than that though one of the things that scholars who study these romantic nationalist movements in the mid 19th century so in places like Hungary and Poland and Ireland one of the common components of those movements is a sense of historical grievance that we've been wronged for the past century the past 50 years whatever and Calhoun I think was the primary person who fashioned that narrative of grievance for the South that gets picked up in the 1850s and used as the justification for secession so in his final speech in the Senate in 1850 there's this whole litany of how the South has been oppressed in the Union the Missouri compromise, the tariff and now in 1850 they're being excluded from common territories in the Union like California and if you read the secession ordinances passed in the secession winter of 1860 and 61 as you know many of them read just like Calhoun's final speech and you know when the South Carolina when South Carolina built a new state house they laid the foundations for it in 1851 the year after Calhoun died and they put a copy of his final speech alone under the cornerstone of the state house and I think that more than anything else sums up kind of how you could see him as the father of the Confederacy and you know there's a banner of Calhoun hanging over the secession convention in Charleston when they leave the Union they put his picture on money on Confederate money I mean the Confederacy definitely adopts him as one of its founding fathers whether that is perfectly historically justified or not it usually isn't right in history it's like this you know Greek tragedy if you read Greek tragedy there's always this thing that happens where there's a prophecy and somebody spends their entire life trying to arrange their life so the prophecy doesn't happen and then it happens anyway and it ends up that they actually contributed to it happening without really knowing it and Calhoun's not quite that innocent but there's something of that sort of Greek tragic sense to his contribution to secession I don't think it's something he wanted although he may have supported it in the last effort there's no way to know I mean Slaveholders won so many major victories in the 1850s that you could see Calhoun in 1860 being one of the people who say like Jefferson Davis or Alexander Stevens that the slavery is safer within the Union out of it but it's impossible to know yeah fun to think about though anyway what do you think are some things that we have gotten wrong about Calhoun in the past just to sort of put out one that I think about a lot is sort of we talk a lot about ambition and Calhoun's ambitions and really maybe his ambition as it relates to Clay and Webster but there's a whole generation of folks who have enormous ambitions right is Calhoun sort of like that group or does he stand apart? I think he has huge ambitions that he never admits to himself or anybody around him and it's always like this silent force that is shaping kind of what he does even though he claims of course always to be following principle and there are definitely times where his kind of stubborn sense of like what he needs to do creates havoc for the people around him right so it definitely happens but yeah he is massively ambitious he runs for president twice when he's a real contender 1824 and 1844 but he's constantly sounding it out and at the end of his life when he proposes this dual executive idea he knew he was dying at that point but it's also impossible not to think that he kind of had himself in mind as maybe the southern executive but no he's every bit as ambitious as a Henry Clay or something like that when Henry Clay and Calhoun come into the House of Representatives together in 1811 right before the war of 1812 John Randolph sees both of them coming in and he says both of them are coming in with an eye to the presidency and we're going to have a war before the end of the session and he's right he's right about both those things so I can follow up about also things that people get wrong about Calhoun what are a few things that we should know that people get wrong about Calhoun so I think there might be two or three quick ones that one is the idea that he's this backwards-facing or old-fashioned reactionary so Calhoun is definitely a conservative there's no question about that but I think in the 1993 biography of him which is a wonderful book Irving Bartlett says that all the trends in the modern world like nationality and human rights those are all moving forward and Calhoun is sequestered alone in South Carolina and I think that misses both Calhoun's own self perception or his own perception of himself and sort of the reality of the situation which is that at every point in his life Calhoun saw himself as allied with the main force of his age which he thought was progress and so his arguments about slavery for instance are always that it is that he doesn't use the arguments about Rome and Greece he doesn't compare slavery to those sorts of things he doesn't compare it to feudalism like some of his other contemporaries do Calhoun's point about slavery is that it is a fundamentally modern economic system that can underlay a global capitalist system and the more we know about slavery and that system the more we can see that he was right in the sense that slavery could function as the lynchpin of a global capitalist system like the cotton empire that Sven Becker talks about and Calhoun also saw his constitutional theories in the same way I mean of course they're conservative they're defensive those sorts of things but his argument in this is an essay that he published that's published after his death he publishes these two very consequential essays a disquisition on government and a discourse on the constitution and government of the United States and in those he argues that the world has changed so quickly that the transportation and communication revolutions have transformed the world in such a way that mass democracy requires a constitutional readjustment for it to work again and so he sees himself as kind of adapting to the conditions of the modern world he's also a very consistent defender of free trade in an era when that was being fought out and Calhoun is on the what ends up being the winning side of that at least if you look in the short term the world moved more towards his point of view on free trade so that's one way in which you do it the other way I think is that we typically see him within simply a US frame which is appropriate but it misses kind of how internationally engaged he always was I mean from the war of 1812 to the revolutions of 1848 at the end of his life he is constantly not only aware but interacting with international events and as I used a lot of insights from Matt Carp's book on foreign policy in the book Calhoun is one of the major shapers of American foreign policy in the 1840s so he hasn't retreated into a defensive crouch by that point he's very aggressively shaping major parts of American policy including being one of the key figures in annexing Texas as John Tyler's secretary of state so I think viewing him as just a state rights reactionary just doesn't capture his role on an international stage I have all these great articles I couldn't even use them all in the book from international newspapers in England and Ireland and France talking about Calhoun especially in the 1840s people are aware of him well outside the United States Texas being as important as it is I think that's particularly where we should be paying attention to what Calhoun is up to yeah and he's one of the driving forces that allows Tyler to get that in under the wire right before Paul comes in and Tyler's difficult but if you understand his relationship with Calhoun it helps so what do you think Calhoun's legacy is for today? that's a great and very complicated question so there's some there I think related to just the questions that Americans are asking right now but the questions that Americans ask constantly which is Calhoun's challenge is that he argues that any kind of equality requires inequality his argument is that equality among white Americans in his day was fundamentally underwritten by the oppression of enslaved people and his argument was that you can't get away from that dynamic and I think he was wrong we think he was wrong and yet the challenge I think is that reading him forces us to constantly face this question about the shape and composition of our democracy and to ask that question of is our freedom somehow being underwritten by somebody else's misery or something like that I think that's really important there are obvious constitutional questions where Calhoun's ideas are still incredibly relevant in the arguments we have about state versus federal power the role of a minority in a majoritarian system how far can you go in protecting the rights of a minority until you diminish the ability of a majoritarian system to actually function these are all really important questions one of the stories I tell at the end of the book is that Calhoun's theories have resurfaced in very unexpected ways outside the United States so his theory especially the idea that every significant group in a society should have a veto power essentially this idea of the mutual veto that was central to his idea of the concurrent majority that shaped and here I am I rely on the scholarship of a political scientist named James Reed and Reed traces how some of Calhoun's theories influenced the different proposals for the end of apartheid in South Africa where they were trying to figure out both sides to agree to something they eventually went with a majoritarian system significantly but it also influenced the peace agreement in Northern Ireland the Good Friday agreement in 1998 which instituted what they call a diarchy which is essentially a dual executive and it also required that both sides the nationalist and the unionist sides both have majority votes in favor of any significant change or decision and so Calhoun's theories even though they're made in defensive slaveholders have made it outside the United States into other contexts and because of that I think it's still really important to know his history not only for our own purposes within the United States knowing our own history but just to be aware of the forces out there in the modern world as well Thank you so much Bob, Calhoun I hope everyone will go out and pick up a copy Thank you Rachel


So in this talk, I will talk about the Fedora Core OS, which is kind of sister-brother, whatever you say, of the silver blue. And we'll see why the Fedora Core OS is best for running your containers. Before talking more, I'd like to know who all are using Fedora, or at least no or never used Fedora. OK, that's nice. And who know what Fedora atomic host? OK, that's nice. And about container networks? OK, that's actually good. It's not like we don't have anyone here who knows about it, so it's like good audience. OK, so we'll see what Fedora Core OS is and which all features it provides to you and why it's best host for our containers and where exactly we stand today in Fedora Core OS and how you can get involved if you're interested or if you want to try out. OK, so Fedora Core OS, it's a minimal operating system, optimized for running containers, and its goal is to automatically update your system. So there are three things. And let me tell you, it's for server, just in case you are confused why we have both Silver, Blue, and Fedora Core OS. So this Fedora Core OS is mainly focused for running on the server, which is targeting basically containers and containers workflow. So the main importance here is that you'd like to run clusters of containers. So that's where you should use it. Or if you want to run a single load container, that's also you can use this system for. And it's basically mainly designed to do your container workflow in clusters of clusters. And if you can run on top of it, it's optimized to run the Kubernetes cluster, Kubernetes on top of it, or maybe without Kubernetes also, it will just run fine. Also, the project is under Fedora Umbrella. So you can think that it's what you get in the regular Fedora, like whatever RPMs you have. We build in Fedora, which gets signed and all like from the cluster space. So this Fedora Core OS also make use of all the packages which we have in Fedora. It's just that the packages, it does not directly consume. It uses RPM OS tree, which creates a tree of the whole packages into an object format. The format is OS tree, which uses it internally. And that's how you have the operating system. We'll see more in later on. Also, the Fedora Core OS is up to four RH Core OS. So if you haven't really used RH Core OS, then maybe you can try this and get a fill. But it has some broader scope than what we have for RH Core OS. OK. I think by looking at this picture, you can get some idea about what Fedora Core OS is. So it's just like it's the combination of what we have from Fedora Atomic Host and what we have in Container Linux. So I will tell you, we want here in the Fedora Core OS that we want to keep the community which we have in the Fedora Atomic Host. And from the community from Container Linux. So we want to keep the community, grow the community, keep our users so that everyone is happy and we have good Fedora Core OS for all the users. So we'll see how exactly these features from Fedora Atomic Host and Fedora and the Container Linux fits in together in Fedora Core OS. Let's see for the features of the operating system itself. So this operating system is based on OS tree and RQM OS tree as we talked before. And it's an Invitable Host, which means that the SlashVesal, which is majorly the main part of your operating system, it's a read-only file system for the not read-only file system for the entire operating system. It's the read-only file system for SlashVesal. So all the binders which is created from the general RQMs or anything, it's SlashVesal bin or it will be SlashVesal has been on anything else. Basically all are in read mode so that this is to help you to not do any accidental damage to your system. And because we want to run in an automated fashion and in the container workflow, we basically want to create our infrastructure once and we want to keep it running without much intervention, without breaking it so that our clusters and everything keeps running smoothly, like forever. We'll see why I'm saying forever. OK, so it uses Ignition. So if you are from a container in X-Wild, you already know the Ignition. This is being used during the boot time. So when the first time the system gets booted, during the drama phase, it has the Ignition and it checks the Ignition config and it will do the configuration like disk partitioning or user creation, all the stuff will be done at when the system first boots. So that's the advantage of this Ignition is that if you have a good configuration of Ignition, then everything will happen before the system boots because this is running at the in-it-ram phase where system has not really got transferred to the user space. So if something goes wrong, basically your system won't come up. So either you have a running system or you don't have a system. So it's not like in stale state, like when you use Cloud in it, you may have a running system, but it may not be configured properly if something in the Cloud in it doesn't go well. So these kind of stuff get like, you don't have to worry about those. Either you get a good system or you don't get a system that really helps. Also, another feature of this is rolling release. This is from the motivation from the container Linux. In container Linux, as I think you said that we have three channels, like Alpha, Beta and Stable. So these channels you get different, the Alpha is like the fix which is about to come and then Beta is like a bit more bagged in than Stable is what is like even more well tested. So you have different approach of getting how stable you can get. So similarly, in Fedora or CoreOS, there will be three streams. It will be next and there will be a testing and there will be a stable. So it's a bit different meaning. Stable is what you have, very stable. Testing is what which is going to come next in your step in moving to Stable. So a bit better, maybe less tested you can say which is may you can find some bugs during testing then it won't go into Stable, so it will get fixed before that. So and the next is that what's going to come next, like right now is Fedora 29 and we are going to have Fedora 30. So if suppose we have Fedora CoreOS today, the stable will be from Fedora 29 and the next will have the packages from Fedora 30. So you will know that what's going to come next. So you will give the feedback to us in advance and all will have the CEI and all will be well tested. So these all three streams will be released mostly like two in two weeks. So you keep giving us good feedback from the beginning. And if there is some security issues or something comes then we will apply all those fixes on all the three branches. So we'll try to keep everything stable. So your users can run some wherever they want like they can have some notes on Stable, some notes on testing and some notes on next so that you know how the next is going to look and what you should be having in the stable. So that this helps to keep your system always stable and without breaking and yeah. And yeah, one feature I just mentioned is the no Python because really Python is like everywhere but in chorus we are trying to keep things minimal. So we don't really need Python there and the main reason is that Python makes things it's just reduces the image size also and you don't have to worry about the Python whole stack. So this really reduces the bit risk. You don't have to care about the security issues which came to Python and it keeps things minimal and we are trying to work on that to have no Python. Okay, so we are all it should be available. We are targeting mostly from running you can run in your bare meta system by installing ISO or through PXE and it can also on any virtualize environment like QMU or live work QMU and virtual works and also to the various different cloud providers like GCE and AWS Azure and OpenStack et cetera, et cetera. And we are also targeting the x86 architecture and other two are like arts 64 bit and RPC 64 bit L. So currently the mode work is towards x64 but people are currently heavily also trying to do the things on x64 and RPC. So they are also going really well. It will take some time and let's see how and when we get all the three architectures in one place but exit is the six 64 is like first we want to get in that architecture. Okay, so we have seen all the features which this operating system provides to you. So why this is really best host you should consider to run your containers. This is because this is minimal. As I told, we don't have any extra packages other than what you required for running the containers. It also provides you the, it also provides you the all the container run times which is required to run the container like Docker, also Fodman and RunC. So you don't need to really install anything else. And in simple blue, we have seen that we also support package layering but here we really don't encourage people to do package layering. If we need to do some package layering it may be some case by case basis. But we don't do that. The reason is that we want to run it in a place where you don't have to keep intervening your system. It should be like running every time without any problem. So if you have more package layer, it can create issues like because you are adding more layer and layer. So, and those are not tested by us. We are only testing and the base of which we are given and the package layering which you are doing is it can have some issues. So really in the service server workflow we are not really recommend to do the package layering. And yeah, it has multiple strains. So whatever you want to try out whether testing next or stable you can try the feature early or if you want to be unstable you can be unstable. So it really allows you to stay where you want to go. Yeah, and the current status. So this is a new operating system which we are designing based on container Linux and Fedora Atomic host. So this is not really currently released. We have Fedora Atomic host in 29. If you want to try it and if we have container Linux also if you want to try it, container Linux. So you can go ahead and try those and get a feel of that. And this Fedora Core OS is like currently in the development phase and the target is to have it after Fedora 30. So when the Fedora 30 release we'll take the package from Fedora 30 and updates are available in Fedora 30 and use that and bake that into the, as a preview form. So that will help us to get some feedback from users from container Linux and Atomic host to know where we are, which features we are missing. So that we don't really want to make it stable now and break your system later on. It's better to keep it in preview, get the feedback and have most likely we'll have the stable release where we can rely on after Fedora 31 which will be based on Fedora 31 content. And the advanced, okay. I forgot to tell the advantages of different streams. So like in container Linux, I think once you install the system on, I think if you're in beta or any stable channel you always get rolling releases. Like never have to switch to any other or upgrade or anything like that if you keep updating. Similarly here, once we move to the stable release you can be on stable. And once you have installed it will keep updating the system. Every time it have releases like it will have two weeks releases mostly unless there is some security, security fixes so we can have some out of cycle releases also. So you just install once and keep running keep getting update for the system. So you don't have to worry about your system and you can have your own cluster running Kubernetes or OKT or anything else whatever you want to try the container stuff. So you don't really need to worry about your host. Just keep running and it will keep getting updated there is a new release of Fedora then we'll update our content based on the new releases and we always want the same system and we'll be focusing on making it automatic updated so that it really don't have to do anything. And we are also purchasing the artifact currently which is really currently mostly developers are creating it is not really like very tested or something but if you want to try out you can go and try these from it's in currently built in the service centers CIA pipeline and they are available I will show the link later on which all artifacts are currently there and also we are very close to shipping no Python in the host. I am personally working on that mainly and we have like six or seven packages of Python currently available in the host and mostly we have tried to remove whatever the Python things are there and some of the packages really are Python but we are trying to see if it's you can use those utilities from the containers. So really on the host no Python so it really reduces so mostly we will be able to achieve its own and we have a tracker here for the two doors on what things are completed. So if you want to look ahead and get some idea and feel you can see there we have already finished lots of design making decision what we really want to keep in Fedora Core is because we have learned from container Linux and we learned from Fedora atomic use so we want to be better than we take better things and just exclude whatever was not really maybe pain points or something so keep the good things and proceed there and make the Fedora Core seven better so we made a lot of design decisions already and then we are working on a lot of features already and getting implemented and aggregated and give you a good Fedora Core S. And that's all and if you want to get involved there are various ways go to the issue tracker or join our mailing list and yeah there are forum also if you want to ask question go to the community and I asked a meeting also we have an APAC friendly meeting which we do every two week in around five UTC so it will work it is friendly for APAC also we have a regular IAC meeting on every Wednesday around 4.30 UTC so whatever time works for you you can come join the meeting ask questions or maybe just ask on mailing list or anywhere whatever is comfortable and you can help us. That's all and yeah so these are the artists that you can see we are now creating a database where it's Kikoto and ISO and the EOSI non EOSI mode of that images and yeah OpenStack image so all are all everything is we are using the CoreOS assembly to build everything so this is a tool so really if you want to try out this is the best way all the instructions are mentioned here it's really very easy to try I'm sorry I'm a wrong place these are the links so basically you it's a coreOS assembly itself is in a container image so it pulls in and then it does just to coreOS assembly fetch build and run it creates the compose of OSI on your local system and then you have the artifacts whatever you want you can give the parameters and try it out and if something is not there you can make a request or talk to us on mailing list or as a channel and we can may include something which we have not yet planned because we don't know if that's a use case but we are open for everything that's pretty much any questions? That's on the that's for managing the managing that of that containers right that's not part of the container Linux itself Tectonic is part of on top of on top of the container Linux right? It's a platform yeah it's like branched a little bit of branched I know about that but I think it's like OpenShift it's what would you like? I guess I actually want to be what would I do on the website if there's a company to be able to do that yeah so you're going to go inside of what's the problem with you? Anything else maybe silver blue or in general if there was any question like not coro s maybe we can ask us So we are keeping both at this for now, and mostly the plan is to do both, and we focused more on part-man because it's an OCI based and it's more open to take the feedback and have the PRs ready, and it's really, because for Docker as far as I know, for some patches people were having hard time to get it merged into Docker, and also there may be some licensing issue, but here it's like multiple companies are involved, and it's more kind of open space, so it feels better to move forward. Yes, you can, but for now we don't have any image running because a lot of stuff are coming from container Linux and some stuff are like, and we are still working on porting and porting stuff, which is fixing bugs and all. So it's really in, we are trying our best to have that included, so once we have Arc64 support available, we can obviously try on Raspberry Pi, but the main target is for server side, but yeah, it's always good, because in atomic host we were trying also to run it on Raspberry Pi because it's easier that people can try, in general people can try, everyone don't have the server. Any more? So far we don't have any CI, we are right now working on designing the streams, we just plan which all streams we want and how we want, so the CI part is still needs to be done, but definitely we are going to have, and also we have the Mantel which have Polar, which does already a lot of testing, like launching images in a virtual lib world or anything or in the AWS or something like that, I think it's, they have very nice testing coverage, Blackbook testing and all, so we will make use of Polar a lot, other than that we'll see at package level, we will try like if there is a new package which we want to in, so we will have a new artifact and then we'll try to run the CI on that, still in like not like everything is planned at that area. New version of Docker? Yeah, so if there is a new version of Docker, it first gets built into Fedora, correct? So once it's built into Fedora, we have a new package, so we'll take in and we'll use it in the, use it in the content, the Fedora Core S, it will be available. Yeah, so just in my mind, you will update the Fedora Core S when it's ready or when it's ready. This is part of the operating system itself, so the Fedora Core S, when there is a new version update, you don't have to do anything, the operating system itself will pick up that update, it will build a new OS tree update from that and it will apply. Yeah, if, yes, so that's the cost you have to pay if you want to keep the system stable and running for like forever, like if it's not well tested, then there is chances that your system may not boot or something like that, right? So we want to make sure that everything is tested, we don't want to ship everything to stable, it's go through testing, users if they're using they can know and they can give us feedback that it's not working for their environment in the testing itself rather than running it on the production servers. Unless it's a security fix, security, if there is a critical security, it will be applied to all the streams altogether after testing. Okay, thank you Suneen for your great talk. Thank you. It's a great question. Thanks everyone for joining.


Now, we are going to have a look on the Google forums just talking with the course admin ID and we will be seeing the forum section here on the top right go to the forum of the course. Here in discussion forum students will be asking questions that the AS of professor will be answering the questions and many of the students will clarify their doubts within themselves. So, it will be useful for them to know about the course and asking the doubts and questions and directly contact with the professors and TAs of the course. For this we have some of the settings we can see that now in the in this forum you can see all this tab mark all read actions filters etc. Just you can click any of the topic if the students is asking some question or exam timing results etc. You can just click the topic you will be answering this questions exam timing will be similar for all and the dates will be confirmed earlier. So, you will be replying this date here. So, just click this topic and go to actions and lock the replies and click ok this reply will be locked and no more questions or replies will be posted here. This is the final reply which will be locked by you then if you want to unlock the option you can just check the check box and select the unlock reply option. By the same you can able to lock the topic, lock the replies and if you don't want to see a post you can delete the post. If you don't want to see this post on the top of the page you can just click this don't display at the top it will be going to the end of the page then if any of the questions are asking more than 1 or 2 times you can set the topic as a set duplicate. If you want to clarify some doubts on the questions so you can if you if you open that you will be thinking that you will be answer the question. So, for your reference you can select the question and mark as read likewise there are so many options in this forum you can select the topic and you can go to actions mark as read duplicate you if you want to move the topic or you don't want to display the topic at the top lock the replies lock the topic if you don't want to see that post you can delete that post.  First thing if you want to know how many posts are not replied you can select this or not replied select all then select apply selected filters you will be seeing this post these posts are not replied and you can now it will be easy for you to reply the post and you can able to view all the non-replied posts you can't miss anything then there is a option since it is a QA forum there is an option for mark best answer and mark duplicate we can just see now just I am filtering the mark best answer and applying the filters you will be seeing this these answers are mark best best answer when you are opening this you will be seeing to able to see this unmarked best answer mark best answer option you if I am unmarking this then there will be option for mark as best answer you can select mark best answer then it will be mark best best answer and it will be showing as answered likewise if there is a long conversation and finally the conversation has ended with a solution then you can mark the conversation as mark complete if you don't want to mark complete you can unmark the two mark as complete then it will be showing as complete mark complete and that will be a answer me option me too this will be if I am if I want to ask the same question you just don't want to post the question again so I just click me too then it will be reposted again so likewise you can able to see all the post in the forum be active in forum check the forums every day so that this you will be able to be in good contact with the students and be able to answer and clarify their doubts


Hell yeah. What's up guys? This is Chris Pike. Muffer it's come a big see. I'm back in action today. I'm back on MGM And I want to talk a little bit more about MGM, which is our gaming network guys. What's going on here real simple We've created an amazing website. I think because I helped build it We got a great website that features gaming content and we want your content on the site So let me just tell you a little bit more about the website straight up If you write gaming content or if you record video YouTube video and you upload it to YouTube guys We want to feature you we want to promote you we want to get you more subs more viewers and here's how we're gonna do it We're gonna publish your stuff on the website here as you can see here we've got hundreds of articles and Three almost three-quarters of a million views and it's getting and it's going up quickly So we're rolling pretty hard and we wanted to pick up steam, but here's what we also want to do We want we've created a new submit your content link part of me And we want you to just basically come on down here and all you need to do to get your content rolling is submit your email name And your discord and your YouTube channel and then that's it You can just hit the button and reach out to me. You can even add me on discord here You'll see big C number four seven two five got to be careful There's a space between that G and the C for some reason that doesn't seem to work very well But I just want you to add me on discord Let's talk about the kind of games you play the kind of content you make you are you a game reviewer? Do you want to cover gaming news? Do you cover tips and tricks on new games or indie games? Are you playing a specific game and you got some content that you want to write guys? There's a million things that we could do here and put it on MgN But at the end of the day we want to help you grow your channel We want you to increase your views your subs all that stuff and getting on a website a popular website getting Search engine optimization and getting backlinks to your channels and getting you know clicks on your videos and clicks on your articles is One incredible way to get your ball rolling here and get your channel rolling So please check it out hit the submit your content message me I get all of the all of the inbound requests go to me. I'll handle it personally add me on discord Let's get the ball rolling guys Anyway, that's all I got for this one guys. Thanks for watching this video got a ton more stuff coming up stay tuned be back soon


Please, please, please Just because I was a last-minute replacement It'll still get a W Like Sleepy G So when I sleep this G Z, Z, Z Nah, nah Frank's the track star from Great Britain You'll get put to sleep when you stand Grandpa Abe Simpson He's a jackass Dave England, hats off Abe Lincoln, get your frame ripped The stage sits, the play's written in a page ink For me to talk to these actors Like Ray Winston or Kate Winslow I'm James Lipton Go, go, go Well, to win here, the crowd won't help You've got to earn that turn But if I've seen this DZ face He's got a worse lap Better start swinging Grinning Looks like he's doing a Erklapp Erklapp So it's deffering No remorse Bones and corpse I go to war on a Trojan horse I'm cold in sport I've lowered family members' coffins Can't you think I won't lower yours? Woo!  If you're getting depressed Someone tell him he's dead Because you should change your name to Z Because you see Z, Z It's not always meant to be said You're American best I'll tell him Time, it's time, right? Fraggy Fraser Your favourite rappers, favourite rappers Favourite Ghostwriter About as charismatic on stage As Nicholas Cage in Ghostwriter This spastic waist of Fraggy Fraser Stays up watching Channel 4 till 9 in the morning So we can have a power whack to Frazier My professional masturbator One-dimensional insulin spastic swine I'm here ripping the ribbons and body bagging And then zip him up and snap his spine You're battling a Scotsman That no country London's ever heard of Bitch, you should quit Cos that's a sign You'll always be bottoming a card Like kisses on a bitch's valentines Woo!   It's a creeper, right?   Anyway, I wanted to fly his, I wanted to fly his nice. I'll pet this guy like twice. Mate, Chinese tattoo on your neck.  What is this? Match or test? Either way, man, it's blessed.  I was gonna diss a soft drink because he's Scottish, but to be honest, I love Ayin Bru and I don't want to get stabbed to death. Z is more than broke. These streets I call my home because I made a name from my city. Like Vito Corleone, man, these people want to know. I'm taking over insane a soldier, full metal jacket.    Use your mind and think. Don't matter who you try to convince, you will try and win and fail miserably because my bars go over Scots heads like Gaza at Euro 96. What? It's the ghostwriter fam, course you know me. This Scottish nickname is Scotland's Eek. Why? Because he forces Maltese, calling for some Maltese.  I came here to win for the fans and the champ. I won't let them down on abuse, dog.  Please. It was the clash of the Titans. QVZ.  This is a man team. So when you lose this, you realise that Frank's king and in years to come, you'll go, there goes Fraser. You must remember to thank him. See, against Gemini, that trope is excruciating, it shivers painful to watch. Let's go. Come on, man. Anyway, against Gemini, that trope is excruciatingly painful to watch.  You should have seen it.   If you can't freestyle, just don't battle.  You know what I mean? Yeah, he was standing pacing back and forward, repeating himself, like, dropping mics on a locksmith height. Dropping mics on a locksmith height.  I'm sick of it.  And exchanging words with me.       First battle, you may vicious look calm, good start, you look sharp, but make you sound like M on rap god, fam star.


What's up everybody, Jason here for JasperysCaseBrace.com. 2023 hip parade football autograph, limited edition series five just sold out. This is a dual case break, random teams number one. And again guys, one hip per box, 20 boxes total, 10 boxes in every case. And here we go guys, dice for the areas of customer names from Ed down to CJ, got those straight up. The rest of you guys want them from a Chronicles packed filler. Then we have the Cardinals down to the Washington Commanders. Click the roll, it's a full 12. Here we go. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 11, 12. Get it. All right, 12 times. Ed down to Kev, 12 times here. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Nine, 10, 11, 12. Detroit Lions down to the Cleveland Browns. So let's see how it played out there after 12 times. Eddie on the Lions, Christopher with the Packers, Joe with the Broncos, Ed with the Patriots, James with the Chiefs and Bears, Dane with the Ravens, Ryan with the Giants, Bobby with the Raiders, Ryan with the Bucks, Scott with the Texans, James, which is Jimmy, got the Cowboys, Simon with the Titans, Ryan Harold with the Chargers. Dane with the Panthers, Ed with the Bengals, Joe with the Cardinals, CJ with the Colts, Scott with the Rams, James with the Saints, Brian with the Bills and Jets, Christopher with the Jaguars, Gerard with the Eagles, Will with the Dolphins, CJ with the Vikings, Peter with the 49ers, Joshua Rojas with the Steelers, CJ with the Commanders, Bobby with the Falcons, Joe Cooke with the Seahawks and then Kev with the Cleveland Browns. Now I'm gonna actually open up the trade window and I'm gonna pause the video to see if there's any trades. If there is, we'll announce them, if there's not, we'll come back and break. Alrighty, welcome back, folks, no trades. Just a couple of people wanting to trade for potential teams, but nobody, nobody to trade or trade it or don't want it to actually trade, so let's just close it and let's do the break. So here's the two cases here, guys, of limited edition. Well, Joe, you have a lot of different chances at hits. I mean, Cardiff, Kyler Murray, Broncos, maybe some Russell Wilson, Jerry Judy, Seahawks, maybe more Russell Wilson there, DK McCann. I mean, unless you don't really know any other players from other teams. Kyler Murray actually was a preview card, so there's a rookie Kyler Murray in these cases somewhere. All right, here we go. The good thing with hip parade is not like you're looking for a specific rookie for 2023 or 2022. It's a repack product, so whatever player is most popular on that team, you know, or has been the quarterback, the receivers, the running backs, et cetera, they're probably gonna be in the product. Minus, of course, some rookies potentially that just came out if they're good. All right, Aiden Hutchinson to start us off. 34 out of 99. All right, so there for the Lions, I'm going to add. Nice Desmond Ritter for the Falcons going to Bobby. Patch autograph there, number to 299. And, well, there's Kenneth Walker. You're on the board, Joe. Very good running back there for the Seahawks, patch autograph, and rookie Orange to 125. Wow, no way. Who has the Steelers? Joshua, we hit the one of the sell sheet hits, guys. It is a dual patch rookie booklet autograph, so Pickins and Kenny Pickett on card as well. That is pretty sweet. Very nice. Steelers to one of Joshua. All right, so that's probably the big hit in here from the sell sheet, but there still could be some other nice ones, though. Let's see what else we have in this case so far. About to be halfway through. And nice DeMonte Smith for my Eagles. 2021, rookie Scripps, and that's an Orange, which I believe Orange is not numbered, but it is a shorter print color in a retail. So that is a nice stick there out in PSA 9. Flag of the Fly, that is Jirah. Nice Skymore, iBlack, RPA, three color patch and autograph to 99. Kansas City. Chiefs is James. Damian Pierce for the Houston Texans. Scott with that one, to 199. Try to trade, couldn't trade Mochus. He's also very, very good running back, too. Breeze Hall for the Jets, Brian Bunts with that one. Quad Ralligan autograph to 199. All right, two more to go, and then we're on to the second case. And Debo Samuel, that's a rookie plate autograph. To 99, from Elements. Fortin Annas, went to Peter. Debo, and DJ Moore. Very nice one there. From 2018 Prism Football, very nice. And I think DJ Moore is a rookie in this, isn't he? Yeah, he's a rookie in that, 2018. Nice one there for the Panthers, went to Dayton. Good receiver, now has a new home as well. All right, guys, second case now. I'm gonna get you something in here, Ryan. Right here in this box, too. I'm gonna call it right now. This box right here. A lot of ticket right now.  Why don't you wanna give love a chance, Logan? It's unfair for you to say that. You really wanna hand on Hooker, who has a major injury already in his career, to take over? I mean, I'm assuming you must have loved Rodgers more than anything, then. When did he look bad? He looked great against my Eagles. DJ Moore, nice tie-dye patch autograph. Nine out of 25. I mean, I don't even remember to love playing at all anyways in other games, but. Look, man, you gotta give this dude at least this year to prove himself or not, because you wasted a first round pick on him. It's kind of unfair to dump him before you've even given him a real shot. He's going into the season as a starter, mentality, everything. He's gonna design the playbook to his, to his, you know, to him more than anything, so you gotta give him a chance, man. Gotta give him a chance. It'd be dumb for the Packers to dump him without even giving him a shot. Gary Wilson. Little patch autograph to $1.99. And did they trade up to get him? Even worse. You gotta give him a shot. We have four of the Bengals, T. Higgins, to 85. Jalen Waddle. Miami Dolphin's going to will. Nice two, three color patches there, and that's out of 25. Well, all I'm saying Logan is that he just has, you guys have to give him a chance, and I think this is what the Packers are doing. If for some reason he does, he's not your guy, then there's another big quarterback class coming out next year. So you can draft a quarterback again and restart from the bottom up. Nick Chubb for the Browns. Gwennie Kev. Eight out of 15. I really don't see Roger Stain, honestly. I don't think he wants to be there no more. Even though he loves Green Bay. He loves the city, he loves the people. I just don't think he wants to be there. I think at that point he probably just retires. I think his mind is set. I'm just going in front for New York now. For the Atlanta Falcons for Bobby. That is Drake London of 50. And we got Javante Williams. Little new era. Patch there, rookie cat patches. Now these are graded already for encased. 8.5, 10 out of five. Nice one there for the Broncos and Joe Cook. Try it, Ryan. You actually have decent teams. This is popping out. I would have thought for sure I would have got a charger or a giant by now. Chris Olavi for the Saints going to James. Patch Autograph from Phoenix. But it seems like there's actually quite a few teams that have gone to hit this, man. There's been a lot of repeats, actually. So hopefully this last day goes to somebody that hasn't got a hit yet, because it seems like there's been a lot of teams that haven't got nothing yet. Always got to expect at least 20 out of the 32 to go hit this, but I feel like this one's a little bit more. It's a graded card. And it's Travis Etien for the Jaguars. Red Zone Auto, PSA-9. Had a really good bounce back season. And there you go, guys. Unfortunately, like I said, I know there's a lot of you guys that didn't get hit much, so I can count on a handful of teams, but thanks for still giving it a shot. There was a lot more repeats on this half than anything. And there you go, guys. Appreciate it. This was series number five. Jaspy's, casebreak.com.


Hi there, I'm Sandy Olnock and today we're going to make the last in the holiday scene week videos an iceberg. Another of my art impressions images has these cute little penguins and there's actually two stamps involved in this. There's the stamp at the bottom with three penguins and then the trio at the top is another group of three penguins and what I did was mask out the ones at the bottom and stamp the ones at the top right behind it so there's really only two stampings that had to happen for this one to come together which was kind of fun and I thought the shape of the six penguins formed a kind of a Christmas tree with this one little guy at the top holding a star and that was kind of fun and then I added at the end you'll see adding the scene around them. I'm using watercolor pencils and there are three watercolor pencil videos today and I want you to know about that you'll get links to them over on my blog if you want to see the other ones because this is the only one on my channel but the watercolor pencil is something that I've got a brand new class with at art-classes.com and I know there's lots of people who are now going to be showing love to their watercolor pencils that have been sitting there collecting dust and that's why I thought a whole day full of watercolor pencil ideas would be helpful now that I've inspired everybody to get them out. The image is stamped by the way onto Arches Cold Press watercolor paper with VersaFine Onyx Black ink. I find that with watercolor I can use my Lawn Fawn Jet Black with watercolor and Copic which is one of the reasons I like that ink but there's sometimes when I have a detailed image like this that I just can't get a really solid impression without stamping it a thousand times with Lawn Fawn ink but if I use my VersaFine Onyx Black I can tend to get a better image quicker and sooner and all that good stuff and sometimes when you're making 250 Christmas cards getting things done quicker and sooner is a good idea so yeah there we go. I'm doing something similar with this card that I did the other day when I colored a whole bunch of ice skating penguins which is keeping the coloration the same for most of the penguins. The image I wanted to tie it together in some way you could do that with green as well to make this feel more like a Christmas tree but I wanted to keep the colors limited in the center and then add some kind of blue colors to the background for the scene that I'm going to do. I did add a pop of yellow here and there because you know yellow is a thing it's only the best color in the universe so I did add some of that but most of the detail in here is in the red and that's going to help to unify the image so that it doesn't get too confusing it's already very confusing because there's so many penguins there's just a ton of them in here so the less complicated you can make it the better off you might be when you've got a complex image like this. So I'm running around with my brush doing the same color all at the same time I jumped from one color to another rinsing in between so I don't drag color from one thing to the other and now I'm going to draw in my my little land glaciers that are going to be the source of the iceberg that they are floating on and I'm going to create just a lumpy shape at the top and at the bottom here I can create a horizontal line that I can consider the base of that land mass but then I can also start breaking up that horizontal line so it's not just a flat line and bring in the water a little bit so that it looks like I have two lumps of glacier out there in the distance rather than just one piece so if you're creating something like that make sure you consider the idea at least of not having just a flat straight line out there and mother nature doesn't always have a flat straight line depends on what angle you're looking at it etc if you're looking at glacier pictures but I filled in my water filled in my sky a bit and uh wanted to create something where I had enough color in the background that the foreground they're standing on is going to look like an iceberg because it's floating it's got water in between them and the land and creating the the top of that iceberg so that it's low enough to the bottom of the image without being all the way at their feet I didn't want them if you put the edge of the iceberg all the way down at their toes it's going to look like they're going to fall off the edge so I gave them a little bit higher so there's room in the background for them not to fall off of their little iceberg so I'm going to paint the sky in of course being careful to go around that little yellow star if you're worried about your images and you know am I going to ruin something if I put the background in you can always do the background first because if you're doing something especially with light colors like this it'll be real easy to accidentally grab some of that red and pull it into the sky but if you did your sky first then there wouldn't be any danger of that so I've when I painted with the water a lot of my color disappeared I scribbled onto a scratch piece of watercolor paper to use that as a palette to bring in more color and make them look like clouds so this is one way you can make something look like a cloudy sky in the distance and then jump back to just using my brush to start spreading out some of the shadows underneath of my little penguins and that's time to work on the water a bit notice the color difference between the water and the sky I put not only a slightly darker color mixed in with my my same shade that I used for the water but I also used a higher quantity of pigment in the water you can get both differences with the same watercolor pencils just put more quantity of pigment down and you'll get a darker color overall rather than getting something really pale and not having any options with that's one of the things I like about watercolor pencil is that there are all kinds of options for getting different colors from the same products in a more controlled way than you can with other things you can always of course put more pigment when you're watercoloring but here you get more control because it's a pencil and we're very used to writing and drawing excuse me with a pencil type of object so many people will find watercolor pencils just easier to handle than watercolor so to put a little bit of texture into my glaciers up here I'm using the pigment from the water and picking up a little bit of that with my brush and getting a little dry brush action going up there in the glaciers and I'm not putting a whole lot of effort into making it really a careful type of shading but I'm just adding a little bit enough to give it a little bit of color once that was dry I went back in with a pencil and it's the same color pencil that I used for the water and I'm doing some tone on tone texture work and this is putting in some waves so I get some wave action in the water without getting a whole lot of contrast throughout the whole thing I want to add some pops of contrast in a few minutes but for right now I just want the water portion to feel like there's water moving and that's really just adding some wavy lines in there here and there not really working too much at trying to make specific waves out of everything because it's a background element though the foreground image with all these penguins that's the important part so this is Nuvo drops which are kind of a dimensional little paint pigment and I decided to use a contrasting color this bright crazy green because that will stand out where some other things might not but now for some other details that I wanted to add it's debating how strong to go with my outlines on the mountain but I did want to add more to the little iceberg that they're floating on and the bottoms of the glacier so I used a black pencil to do that and the pencil is going to allow me some options if I don't like the line I can go back in with a water brush and soften it and I decided not to but if you use the pen you wouldn't have that option and then I went in with the blue pencil to add a little bit more to the mountains and just a few lines here and there so that those glaciers stand out but not too heavily so that they don't steal attention my finishing of the card was to put a black layer and then pop the that with the penguin layer onto a card base with some dimensional adhesive if this was not enough watercolor pencil for you then hop on over to MFT's channel to get a bunny with a penguin all in one video and over on Ellen Hudson's channel we have some abominable snowmen who are decorating an ice cave so both of these are available today you can go check them out I will add links to them as soon as I have links available to me and if you'd like to catch up on any of these videos from the week there are links in the doobly-doo and over on my blog to everything and I will see you again next week I'm exhausted my voice is giving out so I'm gonna go now you guys have a great weekend get a lot of card making done and I'll see you again next week