Okay, so good evening everyone, so we'll see quickly, so we'll see the international organizations. We in the institute, we call it as international organizations, but I can tell you that's for practical reasons, but I can tell you the questions are comprehensively coming from the whole international affairs, international relations and international institutions. For practical reasons, we mentioned the name organizations, but don't restrict yourself, we are not going to restrict ourselves to the organizations alone. So including the events we are going to see. So we are going to take up some current affairs questions, practical possible current affairs questions and we are going to see answers for them before we see them. What I wanted to tell you is that, suppose I don't know how many of you guys, you sitting here and those who are sitting in online also have attended the pre-storming orientations for international organizations that I've given. Anyone of you sitting in this classroom have attended that? The orientation that I've given? No. Okay then. So those who are sitting in online, those who have already attended the orientation which for pre-storming that I gave, the first 10 minutes of this session is going to be a repetition from that session. Okay. For the new listeners, that's okay. It's going to be a very important information. Okay. If you look at the previous year, international relations questions, how many questions has come up from the international relations as a whole in the past seven years? If you see it means I've taken only from 2016 to 2022 so that the most recent aspect of the international relations, we can get a pulse of it. If we go little backward 2015-14, means it will be little older. So the IR region is highly dynamic. The questions trends also change us a lot. That is why I fixed the last six, seven years for analysis. I went through all the seven years previous year questions of international relations in the prelims starting from 2016 to 2022. If you see the number of questions that has come up is 13 questions in 2022. Imagine out of 100 questions, 13 questions from international relations. Even in 2021, there is a huge fluctuation. And then there were five questions in 20, six in 18, seven in eight in 17, and 15 questions in 2016. So this is a huge numbers. These numbers are, which means it will determine your success of the entire prelims. So this is a subject that you cannot skip. And this is a subject where you can make all the questions right also with smart preparation and any question that comes up, every single question will be answerable questions only. Doesn't require that much big conceptual understanding. Most of the questions are factual questions only. Test your memory. You do the reading, proper reading from the proper material from the proper areas and then do the proper revision. Any question you can answer. And this is a subject that can determine your success in your prelims also. That's the thing you have to keep it in your mind. Every question are answerable. Okay, next important point. What I have put up in this bracket is nothing but questions from international related international affairs, international events, international organizations related to environment. Okay, since environment is a separate subject where you will be reading, for example, you and any climate change related events, you and related or any biodiversity related anything related to that international relations current affair, I've skipped them here. Okay, since you'll be reading them for your environment subject, I've consciously avoided environment related questions. But if environment related international relations, international organizations also taken into account means actually just 15 questions for 2022. Two questions from environment, three questions from environment, zero questions and one question, three questions, four questions, 12 questions from environment. Look at this year. This is a very strange year. International environment related matters alone, 12 questions has come from here and then 15 questions from non-environment related international affairs. So this is the weightage of the subject in your problems. Okay, after going through every single question, seven years less, 60 questions, which means approximately eight to nine questions per year. Eight questions for sure. In a year, definitely you will get for international relations. We can make a possible statistical assumption average, we can do it. And where the questions are coming up. After seeing all the 60 questions of the past seven years, I was able to recognize that every single question could be put into any of the 10 baskets, there are only 10 baskets, 10 broad topics, every single international relations question will fit into any of the 10 baskets. There is no 11th basket. I mean, I cannot put any other basket. In fact, the 10th basket itself is miscellaneous. That's a very small number of questions has come miscellaneous, which I cannot put into any of the former nine categories. So I put broadly into 10 categories and looking at the questions from each of this 11 basket, I prioritize them also into three broad priorities. Priority areas one, priority areas two and priority areas three. So in three, I put up four topics. And then in priority areas two, I put up two topics. And then in priority areas one, I put up five topics. So if you see the international organizations, problems, questions, the questions, this area tops, this one and the next one tops. So the questions coming from regional, multilateral and global groupings, which may be a formal grouping or which may be an informal grouping. Formal grouping or organization or secretariat, leadership, manual summit, something like that. Informal grouping means there is no formal structure, but the members meet with an agenda, something like that. So either formal or informal, either regional or multilateral or global, whatever it is, such groupings, questions are coming up and this area tops in problems. So much of questions comes up from this area. So what are all the nature of the questions that comes up? Look at this one, though I have put the word et cetera here, you can give less attention to the et cetera. The remaining words you can pay more attention to. Member countries, questions are asking questions, UPSC questions, if you look into. Original grouping, they'll give which of the following is not a member, whether India's a member, India's a member, the statement is correct or wrong. So the kind of membership of the forums is always becoming a favorite area for UPSC. And then agreements, if suppose any agreements they have made in the recent past, these countries comes together, signs an agreement or does a dialogue or do a conference, go for a meeting, they sign a treaty, they bring a new program, or they make any significant measures, et cetera, everything is becoming questions. But what I've done is that I have et cetera, this is the et cetera that I wanted to tell you. But here I have excluded UN related, because UN is a separate basket we can keep that into. So I excluded UN. So except United Nations related, these groupings is becoming a very important area. 11 questions has come up in the seven years, between 2016 and 17. And if you want to know, I can tell you every year, minimum one question coming from this area, which is exception is 2020 and 2017. No single question came in these two years. But however, every single year, one question is coming up. And 2022, three questions came from this area last year. Okay, so but anyway, I can tell you this is a very important area, 11 questions. And this is the top priority area in international relations. So what we are going to do is that in the last one year, what are all the questions? And one more information I have to tell you. I went through all the 60 questions of the past seven years. And if you go through, you will come to recognize that 90% of the questions are coming from current current affairs related international events only. If they are not asking from any kind of static area, something like that. I can tell you about the 10 questions has come up means nine questions are having a clear, strong, perfect, precise current affairs rational for it. Current affairs in the last one year, starting from the previous June to this coming May. So up to this period in the span of one year, 90% of the questions are coming. Reminding that 1% of the questions, it was very strange for me to identify a reason. But even then I can tell you, they have some sort of a, some sort of distant current affairs relation, though it is not directly connected to. What I can tell you is that last one year, the nine topics, the 10 topics related current events are in the same priority. If you have read now, you can answer. That's the idea. What we are going to do is that in this 10 topics, we are going to see some three, four sample questions, current affairs questions, okay, possible questions. And we'll do the session in that way. So this is area number one and area number two, international and regional trade and finance related matters. So here I have skipped except finance related matters and except UN related matters, excluding them, the remaining I have mentioned here. And if you go for a trade related matters, that is another priority area. Nine questions has come up in the seven years and trade or regional trade finance related matters, what are the questions coming up? If you see it means there I have included WTOIM of a World Bank or economy related, trade related, everything coming up under this area. And they're asking questions about the organizations. Their structure, their functions related and the agreements anything they've made in the recent past, any treaties they've concluded in the past, the programs initiated by them, other initiatives done by them, all this areas. These are the precise areas. Once again, I put up etc. But don't bother about this etc. The remaining words are very crucial. Questions has come up from this small, small areas, okay, focusing this area. So nine questions in the past seven year. And if you want to know the trend, I can tell you. So one question each year, except 2021 and 2018, except these two years where no questions came, one question coming up every year, 2016, four questions came and 2017, two questions came. So you can understand, this is also fluctuating area. But minimum one question in a year, you can get it. And then key terms, you'd have here, they'll tell the term and say that this term is recently in news, it is related to what? One, two, three, four, they'll give an option. That's such kind of questions. Once again, this is also a priority area. Nine questions has come up in the past seven years. International organizations, evens, etc. And then United Nations, Oregon specialized agencies, programs, funds, etc. And once again, these questions are not from the static area. Don't go and read the UN, all the agencies, everything not needed. Current-of-year related. Last one year, current-of-year, what are all the United Nations related things are in news? Only from them, questions come. And seven questions in the past seven years. And almost every single year, one question except 2020 and 2017. Every remaining years in the past six years, except two, all the four years questions has come. Some years, even two questions, three questions coming up like that. It has come up like that. So these are the first priority areas. Last one year, from those five broad baskets, whatever has happened in the one year, IAS parliament, you are referring to, prepare them. I can tell you that minimum. It's supposed 10 questions. Let's assume eight questions are coming up. I can tell you four to five questions from these five baskets alone. You can answer. Okay. We'll see the sample questions also. And then going for the second priority topic, looking at the previous year trend, major event area, country, ethnic group, anything. So RBA region is in news, right? Or the earthquake in Turkey or flood in Pakistan. That is, that's everybody knows it. Or the Southeast, Fiji, or volcano has erupted under water or volcano. So these regions in news, events in news, ethnic groups in news, such areas, any ethnic group, any country. So these areas also seems to be a prominent area. Those seven questions in the past seven years, I can tell you one thing. Four questions came in 2022. One year, four questions came in 2022 in this year. But still I have put up in second priority areas, not in first priority because question came in 2018, 16, and 2022 only. Three years and the question has come from this topic. Remaining years, four years, no questions. Three years, seven questions. 2022, four questions. So you can understand this is a highly fluctuating area because in 2022 they asked four questions from this one single topic alone. So maybe this is a trend of UPSC, maybe not. This is a random odd year or this is a trend beginning of a trend coming here. Also, they may ask, so this is a doubtful thing only. And then, but still I've put up in second priority only. Next one is reports indexes, including various reports. And the reports are various indexes. If anything is there, what is India's ranking and how the indexes are calculated. These questions are also a favorite area of UPSC and this seven question has come up. But here I can tell you about this particular area because last three years, no single question has come from this. This reports indexes and all those things. But before that last three years, which means up to 2021, 2022, no question has come. But if you see from 2016 to 2019, every single year, one question minimum came from this area. And even I can tell you 2019, two questions and 2016, three questions came from reports indexes alone. But this is a very dry area because it's huge number of reports published by different bodies and indexes, indexes ranking and where India stands, how this index is calculated. The sub-elements of the indexes, all those things are becoming questions means it's a high factual area. Okay, we get often, we get this kind of confusion also, this area. But still, but last three years, no question has come. So I had a choice whether to keep it as a priority area or a least priority area. So I was in a doubt so better. I kept it as a second priority areas. And then if you go for the third priority areas, the nuclear related, military related, security related, collective security related items in the news. No security related events are happening a lot. Azerbaijan, Armenia is fighting, Israel is fighting with Syria and then Russia is fighting with Ukraine. So all over conflicts are going on, NATO is in news, CSTO is in news. And then Warsaw Pact is also though it is defunct, it is also being discussed, the security related events, a lot is happening all over and that area is also another area. But it is a, as I said, it's a third priority, least priority area, I have kept it. But this year, this may be more comes up and then bilateral and global trade by India. India's trade with a country, the European Union, what is India's trade? But though it is a very rare area, that's also one of the area questions has come up. But only three questions in the past seven years, that's a strange area I can tell you. So 2021 question, 2017 two questions, only two years questions has come from this area. 2017 to 2020 one, remaining areas, remaining years, no single question has come. So this is important, not important, we cannot say. But this is one area where questions has come up in international relations. And then sports, strangely, I can tell you 10 years before, very regularly, every single year, UPSC will ask questions from sports, almost 12, 13 years back. Every year they'll ask questions, but they have skipped the trend. There is no more, no sports question at all coming up and nobody was reading to. But strangely, one year 2020, so I've said three questions in the past seven years. But to be precise, I can tell you three questions came only in one year, 2021, in only one year, in the past seven years, I can even tell you go for past 10 years. Only one year sports related question has come, that is unusual. Three questions in one year, yeah, determining. It is very interesting because 2021, the three questions, for instance, they said, Laura's World Sports Award, they mentioned that award, who received that award and what is the nature of that award, something like that statements came. And then 32nd summer Olympics was conducted before that exam. So on the summer Olympics, who won, what was the performance, something like that, who what, what, what medal they got, something like that. And then ICC World Test Championship learned one question has come. So cricket lovers would have find it an interesting question. Anyway, so this is a highly fluctuating area once again. And reminding, I've kept it under miscellaneous. Four questions in the span of six years, seven years, four questions, I cannot put up in any of the above nine baskets. Okay, that completely strange, odd questions that stood out. For example, question one year 2022, and I have to tell you one thing. On the four miscellaneous questions came only in 2022. Okay, you know how the question was, Vietnam's economic growth, Vietnam's political system and Vietnam, why it is growing fastly. The statements were given related to that, Vietnam country related to that. And then right to city by some United Nations efforts of right to city, about that one question came. And then global ocean commission, it is related to sea bed exploration by India, something related to that one question came. And there is one water credit, one international event related to one thing came. These four questions I cannot fix into any of the above nine. Okay, but all these four I can put it as least priority areas. So this is our question has come. We are going to take up each one single area. And even if you're preparing, I would suggest you first to finish up the first priority areas. All the one year current affairs, we have already done means the revision process I'm saying, because already would have studied in translations a lot of translations in the recent period. If you have already done it means regarding the revision, regarding the areas incomplete and all those things go for first priority, first finish them and then go for second priority, finish them and then you can come for the third priority. First and second priority, do a lot of revisions as much revisions as possible. So this is the thing which I said it in orientation. I've repeated again here. Now let's get into the purpose of the present session. Okay, so let's take up each of this area and we'll see current affairs related questions that I have framed based on UPSC standards. I've framed some questions and we'll go through them. So regional, multilateral and global groupings, both formal and informal. These are all the areas where I'm excluding two things. One is UN and its agencies plus trade related, trade and finance related. So except these two areas, UN and this two, the reminding all regional, multilateral, whatever in yours, I went through them and I've handpicked some three to four questions. So let's go through the questions. So the questions which has been already asked from these areas in the pre-storming, I've skipped them. Though one or two questions, overlapping questions came, which is not covered in pre-storming, but still which is relevant for this UPSC coming problems. I have chosen some three four questions. Okay, read this first question. Consider the following statements and try to find an answer. I think you guys can answer also. Okay, they're in the chat, don't they? Okay, they're in the chat, don't they? In the chat, online students, you can put your answer options in chat. You can try. Consider the following statements. Okay, consider the following statements in connection with the Indian Ocean region in the recent news. Under the China Indian Ocean region forum meeting held recently, which was held in December 2022. China proposes to establish a marine disaster prevention and mitigation cooperation mechanism between China and countries in the Indian Ocean region. Is the statement true? Come on, everybody. It was December current of year. Is the treatment true? Was China preparing like that? Come on quickly. We have some 25 plus questions we have. Online students, you can put up in chat also. Chat is disabled. And now it is enabled, guys. Now it is enabled. Will you provide PDF of these notes? Yeah, I'll give time at the end. You can take a photo of our screenshot or something like that. Both one and two are correct. Yeah, and then there's an option. One is not right. Okay, no. Two only is correct. You are saying both one and two are correct. The Indian Ocean Rim Association with its 23 members from the region has disaster reduction as one of the six priority areas. Is it true? Both the statements are true, actually, because in December 2022, China called up and nearly as many as 19 different countries from the region went and participated in this meeting. And this is very sensitive because India reacted with a lot of India reacted with concerns regarding that because China said that we are meeting all of these member countries. Our purpose is to respond quickly to the disaster management. If you look at it means recent period, the Indian Ocean region the areas closer to the proximate to the Indian Ocean region. Any natural disaster happens, which is the first country to respond quickly. Now India is one of the first country. Indian Navy is very quickly responding. So that is a legacy that we have established. And China wants to break this kind of the India's ability. So recent period, China said that disasters and all happens. We need to respond to it quickly. So the more number of member countries from the Indian Ocean region, they are able to establish a good relationship. Then in the future, disaster or Navy, we are planting there in Maldives or here. Like that they can say and they can place the Navy's and all. They have said it actually 19 countries participated. And this is a strategically more important event for India. So this is Indian Ocean Rim Association has six priority areas. In the six priority areas, the disaster risk reduction is one of the area. Okay. So there are six areas there. And I suggest you to go through all the six priority areas of the Indian Ocean region. And Indian Ocean Rim Association is also very important this year for this one reason. For one reason, Indian Ocean Rim Association, I'm just missing that reason. Anyway, so next, I'll go for the next question. Anyway, quick, those who have answered both one and two, absolutely right. The others so answer both one and two. Let's go for the question number two, which of the following statements regarding the Razenia dialogue is not correct. It was in current affair once again. It is India's premier conference on geopolitics and geo-economics. The dialogue is conducted annually at New Delhi, India. It's a meeting between public heads of private sector, media and academia. It's an initiative of India under its G20 leadership. Which of the above statements is correct and which is not correct? The one statement that is wrong. D is wrong. Why D is not correct? It's not related to. But who actually conducts this Razenia dialogue? And who initiates? It's Ministry of External Affairs with Observer Research Foundation, ORF and Ministry of External Affairs of India, of Government of India. They together are conducting this one. And this is a multi-sectoral, multi-stakeholders comes up. Let's look at government heads of the states comes up. Politicians stop politicians, stop ministers comes up for the meeting. Private sector comes up, academia comes up, media comes up. It's a multi-stakeholder meeting. And they are doing this talks, Razenia dialogue. So most of you has made it right. And the questions I've made it in now are kind of fluctuated standard, which means some difficult questions will be there and some easy questions will be there. I've tried to stick to the UPSC's pattern. Anyway, so this question easily most of you answered. Okay, we'll go for the... Anyway, go through this Razenia dialogue that was in news. And it is conducted annually also. So every year it is in news. And then next, which of the following statement is not correct with respect to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization? That was also SEO is a very, very important organization, particularly post this Taliban taking over Afghanistan. And for a variety of reasons, SEO is a very important organization. It is news. Actually, it is in news. It is the world's largest regional organization in terms of population. Is it true? Is it true? I mean, who are all the member countries of this SEO? India, China, how many countries? Eight countries are there. And India, China is there. And then Russia is there. If your Pakistan is there, if you calculate them itself, won't you get the 40% of the world's population? Don't you get it? Yeah, you get it? No. So that's true, actually, the statement. You can even make an assumption. So why you struggle for this to arrive at this option? So answer A is correct, actually, consists of the 40% of the world's population. And it is also, if you look at it, geospatial extent also, the geographical extent also, if you look at it, this grouping forms the world's largest ones, again. China, Russia, India. So larger part of your ratio, the larger part comes in. It focuses on economic and political cooperation among the member countries. Is it true? Yes, it focuses on political matters, security-related matters, economy-related, all the matters. It's actually a comprehensive organization, which looks into politics as well as economic, both the things. Second statement is also correct. Which one is wrong? It is governed by the heads of the state council, its supreme decision-making body, which meets once a year. Is it true? SEO heads of the state meets once in a year? SEO? Yes. Come on, everybody. We're on the line. That's true. Indian, Iran, and Belarus are the pairs of countries that are trying for observer status in the SEO presently. Is it true? Yes or no? That's wrong, actually. This is the statement that's wrong, because already they both are members, observers. They're asking for full membership presently, and most possibly they'll get the membership very soon, these two countries. But already there are four observers, eight member countries and four observer states are there. Observers, Afghanistan is there. And then we have Iran as observer. And then Belarus as member. This Belarus has supported Russia's invasion of Ukraine. That's the one country which has openly supported. So Russia is in the process of backing Belarus. And Iran and Belarus will get the membership. And then one more country, I think it's Mongolia. It should be. Yeah, already observers. The one more country is Mongolia. So these are the countries. The full statement is wrong. Yeah, so this is the time to test you also. Yeah, you are prepared in your current affairs and all those things, your preparation, you can test your status of preparation also. We'll go for the next question quickly. I'll go for the next question. So second area, international and regional trade, finance-related organizations, agreements, treaties, those things that has come up in the past. I've framed some three, four questions. Let's see whether it's answerable for you or not. Which of the following is not an outcome of the 12th ministerial conference of WTO held recently? Very recently, because of this COVID, some of the conferences, global institutions, sort of conferences and all were not conducted. So some of them, they went for virtual summit. Some of the conferences through global summits and they did not go for at all. Well, opposed to COVID in the 2020, so many conferences have happened. For instance, ministerial conference, 12th ministerial conference happened after a gap of five years. Look at it, five years before problems writing guys only were preparing the previous 11th ministerial conference at outcome. So you are the guys going after five years with the ministerial conference of WTO would outcome has already happened. So I suggest you definitely and you and FCC also, 27th conference of parties has happened, which is almost after a gap of nine years it has happened. Okay, so you are the guys going for problems after a gap of nine years, preparing COP or outcomes. So WTO also that outcome I would suggest you, this question is very limited because I have kept just four options here. That to one option is wrong option. So proper three outcomes of WTO's 12th conference only, I've kept it here. But I would suggest you definitely, you would have read by this time WTO over the 12th conference outcomes. If not go through all the outcomes of this, as I said, it's happening in a gap of five years. Okay, let's see how many of you are making it right. Oh, so many options you have put up here. Come on guys. Members committed to work towards having a well functioning dispute settlement systems accessible to all the members by 2024. Is it true? Is it an outcome? In fact, that's the first outcome. Or before 2024, the dispute settlement mechanisms or a well functioning settlement system, which is accessible to all the members and whether it's one of the major outcome. It's a direct outcome. It's just a cut and pay statement. Agreement on curtailing harmful fishing subsidies was made. Is it true? That is true. Related to a lot of fishing related, harmful fishing subsidies, the agreement was made in this also. Agreement on global food security under which the members agreed to a binding decision to exempt food purchased by the U1's World Food Program for humanitarian purposes from any export restrictions. Is it true? Particularly because of this Russia-Ukraine war, there is a shortage of this supply, this humanitarian emergencies and all happening. So the countries have come to this agreement. This is an one important outcome related to the current happening. So global members agreed to a binding decision to exempt. They made a binding decision. That's the most important. It's considered as a bigger one of the achievement of this Ministry of Conference. Binding decision to exempt food purchase by the U1's World Food Program from any export restrictions. So countries cannot keep India or any country cannot keep any restrictions on the food products, wheat, rice and all those matters, which is procured by United Nations of the World Food Program. Other bioscree you can put the restrictions, but not for the WFP. And then members agreed to permanently waive intellectual property patents on COVID-19 vaccines without the consent of the patent holder. This is the wrong statement since all the first three are right. This is the wrong statement. What is the problem with the statement? It's not permanently. It is only for temporary, for five years. So for a five-year period, COVID vaccines, intellectual property rights, waiver will be there only for five years. After five years, the patent holder will get his intellectual rights back. So this is only a temporary measure, not a permanent measure anyway. So that is what making this statement wrong. Okay. Yeah, D is false. C is true. That's why D is correct. Iran is a member country of SU. Iran. No, no, no. Iran is not a member. They've asked for membership. Okay. The process was started because the same issue happened with another student also. They have started the process. But have they become full-fledged members? Number eight. Yeah, I'll confirm it before this class. Okay. Iran is sit to be. Yeah, they started the process and the process is going on. Okay. It should have been this year, right? India's chairman. So India's presidency. I'll just confirm it in a few minutes. We'll for the question number two, which of the following statements regarding the Indo-Pacific economic framework for prosperity is not correct, which is not correct. So all the four statements are here. Very quickly. Come on, guys. Answer. It was launched jointly by the US and other partner countries of the Indo-Pacific region May 2022 in Tokyo, Japan. Is it true? Come on. It aims to strengthen economic partnership among economic partnership related forum. India's a member and this grouping together constitutes 40% of the global GDP. Indo-Pacific economic. The framework strictly adheres to the principles related to trade and supply chain resilience alone. The statement is wrong. Actually, they have four pillars. The remaining all three are correct. The forum essentially is resting on four pillars. In the four pillars, trade is one pillar. Supply chain resilience is second pillar. And then taxes and anti-corruption is fourth measure is one pillar. And then they have one more pillar. Anyone of you? I missed that one more pillar. Anyone? Some of it is related to environment. It's related to environment. Clean energy. Right. Clean energy decarbonization. I'm very sorry. Clean energy and decarbonization. Yeah. Thank you. So these are the four areas, three and four areas, not just alone. It's not that. This is one of the area and these two areas. It's a very important significant grouping. India is a member to this grouping. Anyway, most of you has made it right. Yeah. Clean energy. Clean energy, not economic. Most of you made it right. That's good. We'll go for the next one. So third area. Key terms. The terms which was in yours. Let's check. Which of the following is correct regarding the Black Sea grain? Which of the following is correct regarding the Black Sea grain initiative seen in the news recently? I think most of you can answer very quickly. It's an agreement between Russia and Ukraine made with the Turkey and the UN during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Is it true? Is it true? That's true. To keep this Black Sea, there are a number of ports are there and the Black Sea ports, the grain movement, Russia or Ukraine will not hinder. Their war will not stop the supply. So it's an assured supply which will go along. The grains will be supplied along the Black Sea without any interruption, though Russia or Ukraine going for a war. That's the assurance that was made. But very recently, it was agreement in 2022, but very recently in the last two, three months, Russia said that it is going to back out from the initiative. Okay. Russia is not going to be part of this funding until they've said it. So that's a threat that has come up. That's why it is in news and attempt by Russia to recover its warship Moskva, which was synced by Ukraine forces in the Black Sea. That's wrong. Actually, this Moskva ship of Russia was hit and it was submerged. That statement is true, but on the statement, the name is not Black Sea initiative. In fact, there is no name for it. It was an event that has happened. You can be familiar with that event also. It's Russia's second option, Russia's initiative to increase its crude oil export from the Black Sea port. In fact, they have increased a lot of crude oil export via Black Sea port. That they have done it, but it's not this name. Multilateral military exercise hosted by USA. That's wrong. The imaginary statement that I've created. Anyway, statement to see that is Black Sea grain initiative. That term was in news. Most of you has made it right. Good. Iran was accepted as a permanent member under India's leadership. SU and meeting held in Samarkand. I'll confirm it. I'll confirm it in this class. In PIB, they have mentioned as clean economy. I've read it as a clean energy and some authentic source only. Direct website, I think. Anyway, the term pink tide that was in news recently is related to. I have kept three options here. Fourth one in the last. Okay. Quickly go through all the four. And then answer. The pink tide that was in news recently is related. It's one type of hormone, harmful algal bloom around Florida's Gulf Coast. Is it true? First statement. Is it true? Actually, that is. Actually, this is red tide. Not just in Florida's Gulf Coast. Recently, they have taken a sample from there. Coastal or red sea arc. I mean, the sea waters is like red because of this harmful algae. The world over various places sort of phenomena, but samples recently taken there. That is why it was in news. It is a tide scene at the Mumbai beaches reported in the news recently. Not recently. 2020, there was a news in Mumbai. But that is related to blue algae. I mean blue tide, it was called as blue tide. I mean, sea looked perfect, deep blue. Yeah, you can see that because some some space activities. Moon is coming there here.  Sea looked so blue. They called it as blue tide. So good images and all that. But it is not. It's blue tide. It's not related to pink tide. Increase in women participation in agriculture in the recent past world over as stated by FAO's report on the status of women in the agree food systems. This report is published by FAO only. What is this statement true? See D also you go through before making any decision. It's a political wave and perception of a turn towards left-wing governments and Latin American democracies moving away from the neoliberal economic model in the 21st century. Come on. Then finally you guys struck between C and D. Tell me quickly which is the option. C or D? C D. Since it is pink and girls are there now. Yeah. C you are going. C is wrong. Yeah. D. Okay. Tired. So it's D actually. Okay. You see Latin America so many countries so many countries are moving towards left-wing. In fact, I can tell you this is one of the world over the top 10 events that have shaped the world. If you see it in the past one year 2022 this is one of the significant event. Most of the Latin American countries are moving towards left-wing. Leftist countries, leftist political parties are coming to power. So liberalism all day moving towards liberalism but strangely Latin American countries are shifting towards left-wing. Left-wing parties are coming to power. In the surge in left-wing parties coming to the power they are giving a name pink title. Okay. The term is very popular. That's one of the significant event of Yeah. Yeah. Now the term is very much in news. Anyway, so answer is D. I thought that you guys will confuse if pink is related with women somehow I felt that's right. And then but don't get confused UPSC also does that. Okay. Let's go for the third question. I think most of you guys can answer also this is one of the world's humanity or the first event kind of that. Anyway, I'm not giving any dark to mission seen in the news recently is related to which of the following mission by NASA under which Sunita Williams held the records for most spacewalks by a woman. She kept a record or not. I mean she's the woman who did the most number of spacewalks. That is true. She did that record and the first statement is true but on the mission the name is not dark mission in fact there is no name for that mission. It's a space mission by NASA aimed at testing a method of planetary defense against near-earth objects. That is true. That was a big achievement. Okay. And an asteroid is coming and they hit it. Successfully they hit it. An asteroid that is approaching the earth they hit it and they blasted just a dark to mission. Google it now. Google has a surprise for you that I can tell you when you get in your free time you can do it not know. Yeah. Just type dark to mission. Google will give you a cute surprise they'll give you. And then see mission by U.S.A. government to facilitate establishment of car companies of the 21st century by driving the world's transition to electric wheels. That's wrong. That's wrong. None of the above. Yeah, you know that. It's not actually Tesla's planning. He has made a plan but anyway you don't bother about it. B is right. I felt most of you can go right for this question. Area for United Nations. Questions related to the UN we'll see very quickly. Consider the following statements about the UN Statistical Commission. It was in news very recently. Why? It's the highest body world over it is one of the it is one of the light. It is the highest body world over related to setting up statistical standards and all those things. It's UN order body. It is very important body. Not that important but still it is assuming importance for UPSC this year. Why? Because India has elected as the chairperson to this UN Statistical Commission very recently in the last 3-4 months very recently India has been elected. Anyway, so let's see the statements. It is responsible for setting up statistical standards and the development of concepts and methods including their implementation at the national and international levels. Come on. Yes, sir. No. One first statement is correct or wrong. I've given. Yeah, only two statements. One and two both. Sir, please reply to my request. What's the request that you have made? I'm sorry. What's the request you have made? Please provide the PDF. Okay, I'll provide you. No problem. Yeah, I'll provide the PDF. Yeah, telegram. I have to post it in telegram. Right. Come on. I'm asking. I'll send it to the coordinator. I'll ask him to post it. So just listen to me. Consider the following statements about the UN Statistical Commission. It's responsible for setting up statistical standards and the development of concepts and methods including their implementation of the national and international. Come on, guys. What's the answer? Both one and two are correct. D, D, D. Both. D means none of the above you're saying. Come on, guys. Both are correct. First statement is correct. The commission consists of 24 member countries of the UN elected by the UN Economic and Social Council. That's true on the basis of equitable geographical distribution. Yeah, some continents because some, some seeds like that they're giving through a secret ballot system that is true. It's through which India has contested and India's won. Okay. And it's a good number of votes India's got because UN Economic and Social Council has got some 54 something members out of the 54 members. A lot of 46 members voted in support of India. That's a grand success for India. Anyway, so that's why this one is in news statistics. Census is going to come up. You know, once this election gets over and all those things. Anyway, both the statement are correct. So answer is both one and two. Let's go for the next question. Consider the following statements with regard to the UN Security Council's counter-terrorism committee. This was also in news because because its meeting was conducted in India recently. Okay. That's why it is very important. And India is a victim of terrorism for very long. So naturally, you guys are expected to keep. It's one of the top priority area for the problems for India. So Delhi declaration on countering the use of new and emerging technologies for only two statements, I guess. Yeah. And then comes both one and two, neither one or two. Only two statements. Come on quickly. Delhi declaration on countering the use of new and emerging technologies for terrorist purposes is adopted as a part of the committee special meeting held recently. Is it true? That's true. Counter-terrorism center is assisted by executive directorate, CTED, which carries out its policy decisions and conduct expert assessments of the all the 193 countries of the UN member states. Any country, they can make an assessment. They can prepare a report about the status and all those things. Is it true? Come on. Second statement. Quickly. D, most of you is putting D. That's true. Both one and two. C is correct. Not neither one nor two. Both the statements are true. The CTED, and this is a very important function, and it conducts expert assessments of all the 193 countries, they make an assessment about their supporting of terrorism or related to that and all those things. So both one and two are correct. And the next question. Universal periodic review, sometimes seen in the news, recently is related to which of the following. All the four are here. Which one is true? Universal periodic review. Review by the IMF on the status of economy of in-depth nations, those countries which get depth from the IMF, they have to make a periodic review and submitters that is called as UPR or something, a review by a fair of the world food status in a particular period once, a review by UNESCO of the maintenance of world's heritage sites, a review by which state-driven voluntary process on human right obligations, fulfillment by the countries. Okay. You're saying UNESCO students hopefully putting any answers to this? Nobody's putting answers to this. Answer is D. Yeah, that is true. It is D, human right obligations. It is actually Sri Lanka's very recently I did this review, particularly you guys from Tamil Nadu. You must be knowing it. Yeah, it's a straight driven. It's a voluntary process. The state has to do a voluntary assessment. Human rights status or how it is in their country, whether they are speaking to the human right norms, they are protecting it and all, they have to make a good review and they have to submit it. And they have to submit it. Okay. The voluntary process that is done by a country. Okay. Universal review. It is established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2006. UN General Assembly 2006. It's a voluntary peer review process. So what are the steps they have taken to protect their human right situation in their country and what are the steps they have taken to fulfill the human right obligations of the UN. Okay. UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, what steps they have taken to fulfill their obligations, all those things they have to make and they have to submit a reporter and three countries helps comes together. They call it as Troikaas to help a country to do this periodic review. Three peer countries comes together. That's why. Anyway, so answer is deep. Most of you made it right. Consider the following statements about the Interpol. Interpol also repeatedly in news anyway. Its head is elected by the UN General Assembly for a four-year term. Is it true? Is it true? Come on. UN General Assembly elects the head of the Interpol and the term is four years. First statement is correct actually. It's why because I can tell you one reason this is a very important current of year. Yeah. Why Interpol is important because this is the second time in its history. It's a truly global body. Hundred and ninety five member countries are there in Interpol. Even the countries which is non-members of UN also. One ninety three is UN. One ninety five is Interpol. This body is whole this conducting its second conference in Delhi not second conference. Since its establishment in in nineteen ninety seven they made their first one of the in the other first conference of Interpol was in nineteen ninety seven. In the other second conference is happening of Interpol. That is why in news it was set up in nineteen twenty three and this is hundred years Interpol is celebrating hundred years. So it is very naturally dis-expected. You guys learn about Interpol. Okay. Interpol is celebrating hundred years means and it is conducting its conference in India means meeting in India for Delhi four years four days they are conducting means. That's why Interpol is very crucial this year. The president of the Interpol is elected by the general assembly. One of the member states and he holds for a period of four years. And it has and it has a full time secretary general also and that secretary general is also elected by the general assembly but he is for a five year term. The head on the executive is for four years. Secretary general is also elected by the same general assembly but he is for five years. General assembly lays down the policy for the execution. You want general assembly puts the policy for the execution. I mean day to day functioning what Interpol has to do. All the executive functions of the Interpol is listed by provided by the you want general assembly. Yes sir. Yes, that is also true. General assembly plays a very crucial role in setting the mandate. Under the red notice of Interpol a request is made to any UN member nations that if the named individual is located in their country immediately they should communicate to the country in which that person is wanted. Is it true? Nithyananda is here only. Do they have to communicate to India? Something like that. I'm asking if it is a member country. Yes sir. No it is what red notice sort of purpose is this one. Is it true? That is true. So all the three statements are true. One, two and three. All the three are correct. You guys made the options D. That is correct. Okay. We'll go to the next question. UN general assembly policy for execution by the Interpol secretary. Interpol secretary to day to day functioning. I mean what do they perform? All this thing mandated on the UN general assembly makes and gives it to them. Okay and time to time they can change it also. What? Yeah no no no they does not have a separate force. But it has a separate president not executive actually the the office is called as president. Interpol president is there and they have a secretary it also secretary general. As I said the Interpol loader structure and functioning definitely read this year. It was established in 1923 and this is 2023 which means 100 years no I told already. Don't miss this Interpol this year. We'll go to the next question. So major event area country ethnic group etc in news. Let's see your awareness in this area. Consider the following pairs how many pairs given below are correctly matched. One pair only all the three pairs none of the above pairs. Okay Bakhmuth area was in news. It's a stadium in Indonesia in which human clashes. People clashed among themselves resulted in deaths of hundreds of people.  Is it Bakhmuth is one is right? Huh? Is it the Bakhmuth next one is Kanjruhorn an area in the eastern Ukraine under attack by the Russian troops. Is it true? Sindh flood happened due to heavy monsoon range. Is it true? Sindh province of Pakistan flood the heavy rains. Come on. The like events happened in this year. That's true. Sindh and Balochistan these are the two areas heavy rain happened. The third statement is true. This one is wrong because it is actually exchanged. It is called as battle of Bakhmuth. The Bakhmuth and it's one of the strategic area in eastern Ukraine where Russia invaded Russian troops focused to that area and tried to capture that area. Capture that area. Ukraine like? Ukraine artillery in the start. Yeah, because no why significant Bakhmuth was significant because it's kind of a junction which means so many roads get divided there.  Okay. I don't know or it's like a junction area. A lot of things are there. So Bakhmuth was focused. So battle of Bakhmuth they called it. It's an area in eastern Ukraine Russian troops attack. And then Kanjruhorn is a stadium. It's a name of a stadium. 200 around people got killed because it's a football soccer stadium. Football stadium. Two football teams match. One team won. Somehow clashes happened between supporters of this team and that team. Strange. Not even two countries. I don't know. But two teams for human clashes and that's one of the worst event of this year which is 200 plus people around 200 people got killed. That's something notable. Crowd management was very bad. Indonesia it is. It is in Indonesia. Okay. The name of the stadium is Kanjruhorn. So answer is only one pair. Any one of you made it right? Yeah. Only one pair is correct. Yeah. Bakhmuth in Ukraine very good. That's right. D is incorrect. Yeah. Only one pair is correct. Let's go for the next question. How many pairs given below are correctly matched? The term that was in news. Important reason for being in the news. Soft landing. A cyclical slowdown in economic growth that avoids recession. Is it true? What's called a soft landing? The term what does it mean? First is right or wrong. Eating or heating. The term was also very popular last year. Inflation affecting the lives of poorer sections of the UK. Hunga, Tonga, Hunga. Hop high. It's a marine underwater volcano in southeast Fiji. Come on. Have you guys heard these terms? This is true. You're saying true? That's true. Soft landing. Soft landing is true. Actually, the economy is doing very well. And then it slows down. Slowly, it slows down. And then gradually it gets flattened. It's a cyclical process once again. It's a cyclical slowdown. I mean, it's a theory that says that when an economic grows very well and then it falls down. It slowly falls down and it reaches a some point and then the growth rate will be flattened. There is no improvement. There is no decreasing. This flattened economic status will be there for some years and then economy will grow again, fall down. This is a theory. And some of the Western countries, I think USA, UK and all, they are coming under the cycle of soft landing and the concept they are coming up. The term was in news because the world inflation report and all published by which body. An important report, a global report, a report about the economy. They said that the economy is going to slow down for some countries inflation and all. I forget that report is very crucial for India's case also. I have kept some questions also, I think. I'll tell you before this class ends, I'll tell you guys. Eating or heating, this term was also very much popular. This true inflation affecting the lives of poorer sections in UK. In the winter period due to inflation and price rise, UK, the people were struggling to spend money because too much winter means they need to heat up. They need to spend money to heat their house, homes, all those things. Whether they will spend money for that or they'll spend the money for the food, they were cutting both due to the shortage. Poor sections were affected a lot and eating or heating into the term become very much popular and it was repeatedly, it was discussed during throughout the winter period in not just in UK, World War, hunger, this one is right. It's the name of a volcano, a region. It's the name of that place or something. It's not actually a term that is given, but it's actually a name of the region or the volcano. So answer this all the three. All the three pass. Let's quickly go for the next question. The region, Fargana, sometimes seen in the news recently, is associated with which of the following? Tell me ARB and the next slide. Let's see how it is there. It is the protest site in Iran where people mobilized to raise slogan against the moral polis of Iran. Iran people came and protested against moral polis and all. You know that. That's one of the bigger event this year. Is it the place Fargana? That's in Tehran. That's in Iran's capital city Tehran, not Fargana. It is the border region divided between Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan where Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan had conflicts. Is it true? Is it true? As conflict has happened between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, did war go between conflict? Happened between the two armies, between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan? That's true. Conflict happened between the two. Two forces cool the conflict happened. There is no doubt in it. And the next, it's a landlocked mountainous and forested region falling along the Zervezhan and Armenia border where both the countries are facing conflict. Yeah, that's yeah. That means this is the option actually. It's the worst earthquake affected region along the Turkey-Syria border. Actually, the Turkey-Syria that the entire stretch went for a worst earthquake. It's one of the worst earthquake of the humanity. They say it is sixth the biggest or fifth the biggest.  Huge loss, you know. But there's no such name. Fargana region is not there. It's the entire bell to enter into this one. And this region is also under conflict only. Armenian, Azerbaijan are border conflict or worst to border clash. Both the armies went also. But the name is what? Caucasus region, not the Fargana. Fargana is this region. Actually Fargana is a disputed territory between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Same ethnic groups. One ethnic group lives, but all the three are splitting among the three or kind of highly artificial created international border. It is going against the ethnic people living there. But this Fargana is a disputed region that was in use. The answer is B for Bombay. I'll send you the material anyway. Nuclear, military, regional, and security, collective security, etc. All those things in use. Consider the following statements about Akhus. Most of you would have can make it right. Anyway, it will be easy for most of you anyway. Three statements, which of the above was correct statements. It's a trilateral security partnership for the Indo-Pacific region between Australia, UK, and the US. Is it true? It's a security partnership? True. The major highlight of this arrangement is the sharing of US nuclear submarine technology to Australia. Very recently, that's also true. It involves cooperation across emerging technologies related to emerging technologies. Emerging technologies related to emerging technologies and also related to undersea capabilities, argumentation. Is it true? True, actually. It's the only sub-outcome. It's the main goal. Main goal is cooperation related to emerging technologies. Artificial intelligence, new technology, whatever it is newly emerging. All those matters, three countries will coordinate and cooperate with each other. And undersea capabilities, they'll maximize and all those things. Already, we have a quad. But still they are bringing this Akhus and all. I'm bringing UK here once again. Anglosphere and all this in use. All the three pairs, one, two, and three. So next area, reports indexes. This is the last area. Miscellaneous sports areas and all. I have kept no question. So this is the last area. Two, three questions are there and then session going to over. Reports indexes including their components and publishing bodies. As I told last three years, no questioners came from reporter. But before that and all, regularly questions come one year, three reports coming, four reports coming and all. It's common previously. So let's see the questions here. Two, three questions will wind up the session. Consider the following statements. Three, okay, just three statements, which is true, which is false. State of world population report. This report is very much relevant to this year for India because yeah, that's the historic thing we are going to achieve. Yeah, it's published once in a decade by the UN population fund. Is it true? First statement is true or false. India's population is pegged to reach 142.86 crore against China's 142.57 crore by July 2023, roughly 29 lakhs. Is it true? Third, India's total fertility rate was estimated at two, which is lower than the world average. The reports regarding this report, all this three is true. Two point. Two point. India, it's not two. Is it not two? Sure. I think it is two. Sure, guys. India's fertility rate, I think third statement is true. No, according to this report, it is estimated 2.0. According to the report, it is 2.0. 2.0. Third statement is correct. Okay, this is correct. Is this correct? Yes, this is correct. 29 lakhs will be above them. It's published once in a decade by UN. Is it published by UN population fund? Come on, everybody. It's published by UN population fund, but not in a decade. It's published annually. Though it is published annually, this year report alone made a big news because of this observation for India's case. India in the report only this year is making big news. It's not a decade. It's annual report. Every year they publish it. So answer is 2.3 only. Okay, quickly. 2.3 only. Which of the following really is the world economic situation and prospects 2023 report? Yeah, this report only. This is the report I was speaking about previously. World level inflation, economic growth and a very important report. This report is. The report who released the question alone I have kept it, but I suggest you go through the basic summary of this report. At least a basic five, six points that is enough. They don't, UPS will not dig deeper. The report would have basic observations or five or six points and a basic material what you rate that alone you go through. So UN's Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UNDESA, UNCTAD, Uval Economic Forum, IMF. Which one? Who publishes this report? Answer is IMF, according to FHS. No, not according to FHS or something, according to this report. The question is related to this report. Okay, DIMF you guys are putting A somebody is putting. Who's putting A? Rudra Lalam is putting A and that is Akash Kumar is putting A. A is right. Actually it is published by United Nations Department of, as I said, I suggest you the report would have basic observations. Just in a half a page, five, six basic observations in a very basic material I suggest you to go through. It's actually published by them, not by any of them. Because in the report on the India's case, a big article was written. Anyway, that's the number of questions I've kept it, sample questions. It's like a quick revision for you guys. Okay. Yeah, so every single question is last one year current affair only. I did not go beyond. And those who have answered that you have checked your status of preparation and all, that's okay. Those who found it, you didn't answer and all. This is the time to learn. You learnt the information. Yeah, that's how we have to take it. As I said, except one or two questions, which is not in the pre-storming questions, all the pre-storming international organizations related questions. All current affairs are related, very significant questions. I tried to take not any questions from the pre-storming. Okay. Which is students not it exposed to, but still significant international events. And I tried to do that balance. And that's how I've made these questions. So apart from this, I would strongly suggest you guys go through the international organizations pre-storming questions. I think three tests or two tests has been conducted. So 200 or 75, 25 current affair, or around the 150 or maybe 225 questions in pre-storming international organizations are there. I would suggest you definitely for this problems go through it because both the pre-storming tests, three tests or two tests, all the questions that has asked from international organizations are 90% question current affair with UPSA standard they asked. Okay. I felt the question paper is very, very important. I suggest you to go through the pre-storming question papers and the answer keys also. So anyway, that's a quick revision we had. Thank you all guys. Yeah, I'll send it to Mr. Sindamel and he'll post it in telegram. This PPT you will get it. Thank you all guys. Yeah. Good luck. Prepaville. Yeah. See you around quickly.


Hello everyone. Seems I know most of people are already here, but always happy to meet new one. And today I'm gonna be talking mostly about automation in grants distribution and how we implemented this model within our platform. And because it's tightly aligned with evaluation of scientific research and as Philip, by the way, already mentioned that funders need to screen projects and screening is mostly about evaluation. And if we want to automate this process, if we want to get rid of all these like huge operational costs during this process, we need also to get somehow evaluation more decentralized, more trustworthy. Okay, let me check. Yeah, is it the right presentation? Okay, so it seems it's not possible to distribute grants without involvement from scientists' side because scientific projects are really complex. And if it's the main specific complex project, only scientists who has this expertise within this discipline can and are able to evaluate this and receive and provide for funders for decision makers' information about is it viable, is it feasible, is it good project design, is it worth to fund? So, and actually it's kind of a review and this review, all this review is put inside into funders, into their process and we put trust on them that they do this appropriately, they do this efficiently, that they spend all this operational cost, they're consuming efficiently to determine quality, determine scientific contribution of each research. But really it's kind of a process which can be improved. Obviously everything can be improved but if it could be decentralized and put into open access and results of this evaluation put into open access, then everyone can use it to make a decision on either to fund the research, either to publish this research, either to join to this research group as a junior PhD student. So, let me start a bit from describing a bit our platform and here are our main tokens within our system. There are six type of tokens within our system and first one is the DABE token, it's internal currency. It's the most simple one because it's like store of value and just money, just currency within a system. And another token is the expertise tokens which represents scientific contribution, expertise contribution of each individual within a system. And this is actually the core of the system. These tokens are used also for a relational scientific projects and for governments of all system. Research tokens, I'm not gonna talk a lot about them today but it's also another opportunity to fund a research project because research tokens represents ownership of research and can be used also for investment, for investment into scientific research to receive as investor, by investing into research project, I will be able to receive corresponding part of all future income from IP, from products pinned off from this research project. Research group token is a governments for research group and mostly like voting token, voting shares of research group. Common token is a technical token which allocates throughput within a network and journal token is also very interesting model for journals which will avoid conflict of interest with research projects because currently journals obviously have this conflict of interest. Journals were designed to promote good research and disseminate scientific knowledge but because of conflict of interest and commercial model, now they like more chasing a hype, purchasing like profit and this is definitely not like a good way to promote science, promote quality. And journal token is kind of a venture fund which invest into research token and therefore incentivized to invest into best projects within a system. And portfolio of venture fund is like a journal which shows what this journal have invested in and they will receive also revenue from what they invested in. So that's why now their interest is aligned with the research and then what want to invest into best research, most promising research which will generate most impact in future. Okay, so now let's get back to funding because first of all it's main topic of my today talk. Within our system we have two major classes, two major categories of funding within a system. And first one is external which requires some external funding from government, from private foundations to come to the system and then be distributed within the system. And this external funding involves both investment and grants. And another funding is internal. It's coming from emission of internal currency and represents kind of basic research for basic income for researchers. So every block, every three seconds with our blockchain there is a emission of internal currency which is distributed across research projects, across researchers as a reward for their scientific contribution. It's, and you don't need to trust anyone. So if you've done scientific contribution you will be awarded by protocol and it's all in the algorithm. So you don't need any intermediary for this. And grants also can be automated with this system because the same way we distribute a reward from internal currency, grants can be allocated for specific discipline and distributed to research projects within this discipline. And to distribute this grants, we actually need a quantified index of scientific contribution of each research. And this is what we have done for evaluation of scientific research within our system. We designed mathematical model which produces quantified index of scientific contribution of each research within each discipline. And using this quantified index, smart contract can distribute funds both from internal currency and both from external grants between these research projects. And this also works for basic research. So you can be rewarded even by doing basic research because in our system a part of reward also distributed to references. And if your basic research is referenced a lot from other research projects which earns some revenue within the system, earns some income within the system, your basic research will be rewarded from all research projects which are based on knowledge you created. So, and this is kind of returning back a value for basic research which a bit lost during past 100 years. And by doing basic research you still will be rewarded from everything, every knowledge produced from this basic research. Yeah, so grants distribution as I said can be automated within a system. So let me tell a bit more how it works. Let imagine you have $10 million which you want to distribute across research projects during one year in quantum optics discipline. And you want this money to be distributed to most desorbed project. So within a system there is a smart contract where you can allocate this money and it will be distributed during one year, this money across research projects in this specific discipline accordingly to their index of scientific contribution. And all results of what it was distributed when to what research projects can be audited because it's in public blockchain and you can track why it was distributed to this research, what was proportion, what was ratio of index, scientific contribution index during that period of time. And you can like analyze all history anytime. And actually it also can help us and scientific community enhance the system because after all this happens, all this data can be used to enhance the model of this distribution. Yes, and because all these really rely on results of decentralized assessment, it should be in this scientific contribution index produced by the system. It should be really trustworthy and efficient in terms of how it produced. So it should really reflect real scientific contribution of this research. So that's why I also decided to tell you a bit more about how it's done. So main idea is that we can have, we already have in scientific community, there's already review peer review and this review happens both when you're publishing, when you're applying for a grant, when you just receiving a feedback from scientists from your discipline. And the problem is that this review is not really representative. If you are not an expert, even if you have a review, you don't know what exactly tells about this project. So is it, what is exactly scientific contribution of this research? So we designed a system where scientists can already have incentive within this system, have incentive to assess research projects and results of this assessment are used to produce quantified index of scientific contribution which further can be used by funders, by journals and by society to understand what is the scientific contribution of this research. And our assessment, decentralized assessment process is kind of two level assessment process because we have a review level where scientists can do a review and assign expertise tokens to each review. So it's actually automatically assigned. Once you write a review to research project, the sum of your expertise tokens in the discipline of this research is assigned to review. But also each review can be supported by expertise token holders within the discipline of research. And this information is used to produce index of scientific contribution. So basically our system takes into account what was the order of approving and rejecting review? What was the time delay between each review? What was the expertise of reviewer? How much support each review received? And all this information is used to produce this final index of scientific contribution and research starting getting it even on early stage which can be used for early grants distribution. And then during the enhancement of the scientific project, this index will grow and will let community funders and journals identify, identify good research within the system. And this index is also used to distribute newly created expertise tokens because as you see, expertise tokens is a main governance mechanism within the system and it's also a reputational recognition reward for a scientist. So if I have a expertise token within a quantum optics and means that I did a scientific contribution there and I cannot transfer these tokens, they're not transferable. And they just belong to me and represents my scientific contribution within this discipline. And therefore there is constant emission of expertise tokens as well as internal currency and the size of a mission depends on activity within this discipline. So the more activities, the more expertise tokens emitted and they're distributed to each discipline proportionately to activity within a discipline. And then they're distributed between two pools, research pool and review pool. And proportion is self-balanced, it's automatically balanced depending on proportion of review and research within a system, so within a discipline. So if there is not enough review within a discipline, the more expertise tokens will be allocated to review pool to incentivize more review within this discipline, to incentivize quality. And further, they're distributed to actually researchers and reviewers as recognition reward as a reputational reward. And the same way, almost the same way as the expertise tokens, there is emission of internal currency which is distributed as a financial reward as a basic income for scientists and for reviewers. And what is also very important that wall system, wall infrastructure, because we have developed our own blockchain and we were able to introduce new consensus algorithm which actually governs all the system. And this consensus algorithm ensures that wall system belongs to scientists and only scientific community can come to consensus to change it or update it. So this consensus algorithm, we call it delegated proof of expertise contribution which means that scientists vote for block producer with some of his or her expertise tokens and block producers kind of delegated to maintain the network. But only scientific community can come to consensus to change rules, to change how this index of scientific contribution is produced. And they have all tools to evolve the system because all data is public and we will also open source all tools we created for during development of the system. Actually, one of major tool for this is our agent based simulation model framework to which we're using to create our crypto economy, to create economy of a blockchain. This simulation framework allows us to emulate how this distribution will behave, what will be results of this distribution and tune the model to achieve efficiency. And yeah, so this is a high level model of organizational structure where you can see that grants and investment can be distributed through the platform and we will also create endowment foundation which will initiate grant distribution within the system. Yeah, so there are two sentences which actually represents all why we're working on this and why we're so patient about this. And actually this is two sentences is the end of our white paper and I encourage you to read it and provide the feedback if you want. Thank you.


Let's recap the major ideas of section 2.7 and act of calculus on derivatives of functions given implicitly. So the main idea of this section is to use the chain rule to find a derivative where complete information about the function involved is not known. We've actually seen something like this before back in screencast 257. When we found the derivative of a function that was the composite of two other functions, but neither of whose formulas we knew. What we did back then was use the chain rule to get as far as we could to set up a skeleton framework for a formula. And then we use the result of that formula to find the answer which involved estimating derivative values off of a graph. What we're doing in this section is fairly similar to that. We're given an expression. This is not necessarily a function of x, but rather just a mathematical expression that combines both x and y in the same place, usually in equation. And y here is taken to be a function of x that is unknown but which is known to be differentiable. So this situation comes up quite often in real life and we're given a curve that is not the graph of a function, but it's traced out by an expression. And we would like to find the slope of the tangent line to this curve at a particular point. Define dy over dx which is the slope of the tangent line for such an expression. The basic idea is to take the derivative with respect to x of both sides of the equation that I'm given. And then treat y as a function of x, again unknown but known to be differentiable. And whenever I encounter a y in the derivative taking process, I want to use the chain rule. For example here, the derivative of y squared with respect to x would be 2y times y prime. Because we would treat y squared as a composite function whose inner function is y and the outer function is x squared. And here the derivative of x times y would have to be done using the product rule. Once the derivative process is taken place, we simply solve for dy over dx as if it were a variable and we will have our derivative expression. This is the basic idea behind derivatives of implicit functions. But it makes more sense when we actually do it. So we're gonna now move on to a couple of videos where this idea is instantiated and you should make sure of course also to practice and analyze other examples as well.


16 games and a whole lot of studs on the docket for tonight in daily fantasy baseball and our job for today is To dig through all the potential value plays and decide where we can go in order to jam in Guys like Aaron Nola guys like Eric Cole these really good hitters in good situations We want to use for tonight. We got to find a way to make it all fit and it's not easy But I think we can make it happen. So let's dive on in and get you set for Friday night's late Welcome on into the solo shot. That's right here on the fan dual podcast network in number fire calm My name is Jim Sonnis. I am a senior writer and analyst for number fire calm here to preview Friday's 15 a game main slate We're locked set for 705 a 4 2 night There are some weather notes for today, which is no shocker on a such a full slate We could see some rain late in Baltimore for the orals and the rays It looks now as if that rain will arrive sometime around mid game But I would check back on the timeline of that later on It's a similar thing in Philadelphia for the Phillies in the Dynabax right now I think we'll be good to go but check back on that one later There is a slight chance of rain in New York for the Mets and the Nationals Check back on that one later on and finally the worst game on the slave as far as weather goes is in Minneapolis Looking pretty sketchy for the twins and the Brewers rain there comes early and looks pretty heavy So that one could be in trouble. So the main game for tonight to check on for weather is twins Brewers But also a check back on Mets Nationals Phillies Diamondbacks and Orioles versus the rays Hopefully good weather updates to come in the 4 p.m. Stream youtube twitch facebook and twitter Check us out there also good stuff here on the number fire daily fantasy podcast feed Austin Swain's usc preview of vegas 35 is now posted giving us thoughts on that slate That's up on the number fire daily fantasy podcast feed as far as NASCAR goes We have the NASCAR podcast recording live on youtube at 10 30 a.m Up on the number fire daily fantasy podcast feed after that it's Daytona on saturday So uh sets up pretty well should be a fun slate swing by 10 30 youtube to check that out or check out the number fire Daily fantasy podcast feed and while you're there leave us a rating and review as well Hey soccer fans this season fan duel and captain morgan are teaming up to give you a one-of-a-kind soccer contest Introducing captain morgan soccer pickum a weekly fantasy contest that is entirely free to play The contest is simple. All you have to do is make quick predictions for saturday games this soccer season You'll earn points for each correct pick and compete for a chance to win to three thousand dollars in prizes every single week Head over to fan duel and enter the captain morgan soccer pickum today must be 21 plus to participate Four more details is a fan duel dot com or download the fan duel fantasy app Eligibility restrictions apply and don't forget to make your game day more delicious and sub in the captain Pitching preview for this friday mainslay garret coal back to being the king of the mountain He is 11-2 on fan duel for today Shayna clannaghan checks in at 10 5 facing the Orioles for the second time in His past couple stars. We got kevin gaussman at 10 1 facing the braves erin nola and a good spot is 10 000 Max freed is 96 joe musgrove 92 Then we have wade milie edward ordinary gets shamanaya chris bubic j hap steven mattes eric lauer and logan gilbert All at 8 000 dollars are higher. So yeah, the studs are good We also have a lot of second tier options for today. Now the second tier options are fine. No objections there, but I want to do whatever I can To get to erin nola for today because you're not going to find many situations Better than the one that he has nola is at home and that does tend to matter more for him than for other pitchers He's facing the dinobags, which is one of the better matchups imaginable So nola to me an absolute stud on this slate. Nola was unreal on saturday against the Padres Obviously did let up the home run late to j crona worth, but 11 strikeouts in that game It was on the road against a low strikeout team He's been cutting back on his changeup usage over his past seven starts, which Is kind of interesting given how good that pitch was for him last year But it hasn't mattered in that time. He has still has a 3.47 skill interactive er a his strikeout rate is 29 percent We can use nola even in tough matchups, which is what he showed over this past weekend And this is not a tough matchup They have an 83 w rc plus versus righties the iso for arizona is down to 132 They got a 25 strikeout rate So when a pitcher is facing arizona you bump them up quite a bit especially at home And nola doesn't need that bump like he would be in play on the slate in a neutral matchup But you give me this matchup at home I'm gonna take it for sure $10,000 on nola It's not low, but I would still say he is under salaried. I'd pay 11 Happily for arizona in this matchup. So getting him at $10,000. I think to me as a steal Yes, it's high, but yes, it is also a massive steal So arizona to me the no-brainer top arm for tonight on the daily fantasy baseball slate And 10k is not outrageous. So we have some flexibility hitter. We'll talk about Stacks for today under the mindset of trying to get to nola at 10,000 As far as the number two guy it is garret coal for me. He's facing the a's which is a tough matchup Luckily for us. It's in a great park for pitching and coal is just out of his mind right now I will put him second behind nola here despite the fact that he is 11 Two on a slate where I do want to spend up for some high salaried stacks Cole was one of the guys who definitely slipped when these sticky stuff discussion began And it likely took him a while to adapt with less grip trying to figure out how to grip that ball and make it work And I'm not sure if this is the cause but the movement on his curve ball did change recently I think that the thought process here is okay. Did he figure out how to get that grip back without the sticky stuff? He started getting quite a bit more movements on that pitch six starts ago and the curve is not a big pitch for coal So I'm not looking at that pitch specifically, but I'm looking at what that could indicate It could illustrate that Cole has figured his grip back out and he has been lights out in this stretch He has a 2.66 skill interactive. He already his strikeout rate is 38 percent Which means he is back to being the garret coal of old in this time and he's done that in a really tough matchups He had 10 strikeouts against the rays 11 against boston 12 against houston that game where he went like 193 pitches and the pitch count is work back up as well He has gone 90 and 97 and his two starts off the cove at isle. So pitch count is work back up He's had double digit strikeouts against really good teams and now I think that you put him against oafland We can at least have more confidence in him despite the tough matchup because of what he's been doing recently If nola weren't in literally the best spot imaginable. I'd be higher on coal. This is not a coal thing It's a I really freaking love erinola thing as it is I'm very okay putting coal second He's too good from a talent perspective to put any lower than that even in tough matchups So to me the top of this late is erinola definitively one garret coal definitively two And then the rest of the guys are fighting for third place among the value pitchers for tonight I think the top option for me is pretty clear Which is logan gilbert's and I will say that acknowledging that his past couple starts have not been good He's eight thousand dollars that does help account for the struggles a bit and gilbert's had kind of like Three distinct stages in his rookie year Struggled out of the gate Surged for a while and now he's come back to earth and he's gotten rocked. He chose past two starts But those two were in much tougher matchups than what he has here The two starts he had were against houston in toronto two of the best teams in baseball best offenses in baseball Gilbert led up 14 earned runs between those two games combined nine against houston So it's super brutal really bad not great But I like that gilbert has stuck with his plan In those starts because he has good peripherals with this approach The specific approach is using his slider more often over his past eight starts He has a 3.57 skill interactive er a with a 27 strikeout rate in that time His walk rate is five percent the bad at ball data is bad, which is why he's getting pounded It's not like a mystery as to why the results are bad is because it's bad at ball data is rough I just worry less about that against the royals and a lot of other teams because the royals have a 145 iso against righties Their wrc plus is 88. They don't walk a whole lot, which should help Gilbert get deeper in the game so yeah he struggled recently and He has done so in a pretty brutal fashion But I like the underlying numbers. He's at home the matchup is a lot softer this time around So I think to me this is a bet on talent and I want to ride gilbert among the values at $8,000 I think he is the most talented guy below 8,000 outside of maybe shaw mania mania is facing the Yankees So this is a better spot than that. So I think that Gilbert is Someone I'm willing to go to despite the most recent couple of really rough starts Let's move now to stacks and again with stacks I am operating under the mindset that we are using aeronola as our picture at $10,000 That means we can stack some high salary teams. We want to find some Low salary guys within those stacks. So we'll talk about the stack and then highlight potential outlets for some salary savings me Stacking starts with the red sox once again They have been a constant theme throughout this week because they faced the twins depleted pitching staff And now they're facing cleveland and logan alan I think we should go right back to them once again No matter how boring it may be to be on boston once again alan has been in triple a Basically since mayon had a couple starts in the big league sprinkled in there, but in triple a things have not gone well for alan He has a 5.17 x-fip.  But in the majors the strike area for alan is just 14 percent Which means that he's still letting up the ball and play 75 percent of the time despite a 10 walk rate That's something we can work with He's allowed a 43 heart hit rate the one negative of alan is that he does get some ground balls But clearly based on the results that is not done enough to erase the other stuff in his profile We see now and get rocked at both triple a and the majors now He's facing a red sox team with a 104 wrc plus against lefties It is pretty boring I will say to stack against the stack the same team the entire week We get boardies and the same dudes, but I think we should do it here Within this red sox team bobby dalbeck kind of the obvious value play had a double long last night So dalbeck very on board with but one guy to keep an eye on for values christian arroyo There is a really good chance. He does not play today. So keep that in mind But they made an extra spot out there with hunter renfro not available for this Couple games arroyo a 209 iso against lefties in a small sample this year. He's minimum salary So again, make sure he plays but he was in there last night may get back in there today Would not be shocked to be plays against the lefty So I do like the salary savings if he winds up in there again dalbeck definitely in play for sure But arroyo another guy to check out if he winds up in there to get the extra flexibility to get to JD martinez to get the other guys keke hernandez even the lefties are totally fine against alan so See if arroyo is in there. Otherwise dalbeck the key value play on the red sox our second stack is gonna be the tampa bay raise because Poor matt harvey feels like he is feels like he's faced tampa 90 times this year in reality It's just twice But tampa bay rocked him in both those starts and I want to be there for the third time for tonight The first time that harvey faced the raise was back on may 18th He led up six earned runs in one in the third innings That was a long time ago and harvey has made some changes since then he's throwing fewer forcing fastballs and more curveballs now And it has led to some better results for harvey It did not help him the second time he faced tampa bay though, which was within this sample There's two starts ago. He led up five runs in four and two third innings Overall with this new approach for harvey. He has a 43 heart rate rate allowed His strength at rate is 18 percent. That's not a great combination Especially against an offense as good as tampa bays. They have a one is 16 wrc plus against righties the riso is 207 Now they get a park factor upgrade in going to baltimore as well. So Trying to find issues with this stack can't really find too many Outside of the potential forcing rain in this game. So check back on that for sure But I think that the rays are a priority against harvey for tonight as far as the value plays You could go joy wendl. Eh, you know, it's fine. He's there. He's a guy, you know, could be fine But i'm really hoping brett phillips gets the start here. He may not so again Keep that in mind similar to arroyo. He may not start but phillips is really fun if he does He has a 260 iso against righties a lot of fly balls I would want to get him in there if he does want to play for today great salary saver at $2,500 So brett phillips official stamp of approval for today if he gets in there because we need those salary savings He's got upside great matchup. So check out the raise lineup set up a window if you have to but to me phillips is the guy if he can find his way in there Our third stack also high salary but also has some value plays there That is the toronto blue jays facing matt manning manning is a different picture that he was earlier in the year because He's changed some things up But I still think we can stack against this current version of manning Specifically manning added a sinker back on july 26th It is a new pitch for him But the pitching staff said he's been working on it for a bit and he had to change something up So it makes sense he would do this and it means that the old data on manning Is pretty easy to throw out We're up to a five star sample on manning with that sinker and his fly ball rate is down to 36 percent that is an improvement from where it was But it comes with a 14 strikeout rate and a six percent walk rate that means he's letting up balls and play 80 percent of the time 42 percent of those balls and play are well hit That's why is z our rate in the sample is 6.04 And it's that high despite some soft matchups. He's faced baltimore twice. He faced cleveland once And you would expect a guy to do pretty well against that string of teams Didn't fare that well now space in the blue jays. They have a 114 w rc plus against righties with a 198 iso They don't strike out that much So I do love that manning is tinkering trying to change things up trying to adapt to the big leagues It shows the willingness to be malleable and that's good. That's great for a young guy I just haven't seen enough yet to say That he's fixed the past issues which does push me to stack the jays against him here I'm not going to talk about the jays since alejandro kerrk moved up in the order He's been batting sixth quite a bit recently, which is high enough to party for sure against righties kerrk has a 47 percent fly ball rates his iso is just okay at 169 But he's 21 a dollars. I can live with that for sure I would also use cori dickerson at $2,600 if I need some extra salary savings So kerrk dickerson the two guys to turn to here if kerrk is in the lineup He may not play over maguire, but um if he does play again official stamp approval. So arroyo dollbeck Brett phillips joey wendell Cori dickerson alejandro kerrk We have lowest salaryed ways to get exposure to these really good offenses And I want to take advantage of that to make it easier to get to aerinola for tonight Speaking of the Phillies, let's move now to things to watch. I think that offense has good dinger upside tonight Makes them pretty interesting for one offs. They're facing taylor widner and widner is Not a guy I really want to stack against because he gets strikeouts. He walks a lot of guys, but He does let up a 42 hard hit rate and a 51 fly ball rate That is the perfect recipe for one offs. That'll clearly put me on bryce harper. That one's pretty obvious But brad miller's pretty solid with rites. Hoskins now being done for the year. Didi gregorius otabel herrera All those guys work for one offs too. So Definitely check out the Phillies. I might not get there for a full stack. Maybe I will if I need to use miller herrera and gregorius for for sour savings, but I think they're better for one offs than for full stacks Glenn otto is making his debut for the royals tonight and he's facing the astros so Sick timing on the royals part to call him up for that Otto part of the joey gallow trade got a ton of strikeouts in double a He hasn't been as big of a force there in triple a and it makes sense the big jump from double a to triple a But I do think that I'm willing to stack against him here Given the dip he's had in strikeouts at triple a The reason the astros are not higher on this list is because they don't have a lot of tape on this guy We'll sometimes see teams disappoint when they're seeing a pitcher for the first time So that's the one downside here. Still a good stack, but that keeps them from being a great stack Finally, I also like the chicago white socks in the crosstown classic today. They're facing keegan thompson He's stretching out to be a starter now It doesn't seem to have like starter level stuff though. He has a low strikeout rate as a reliever Let's have a lot of hard contact. He's he's had good results this year as erra is like 2.66 or so But I would not expect those good results to continue as he goes longer in games So the white socks definitely work. Eloy Jimenez is under salaryed even at $34. He's the middle of a slump, but he did go deep last night So I think Eloy Jimenez a good option in terms of one-offs if you're stuck in the middle range at outfield Let's finish up here with the home run calls for today going right back to that Phillies game Mentioned that the the contact profile wider allows is tremendous for some dingers So gimme brice harper as a guy who should go deep for tonight. It's a boring call But hey, that's why we're here price harper and I also would say that the home run prop on harper pretty long I think it's like plus 270 or so shouldn't be that long should be shorter price harper good bet But also my home run call in the boring range for tonight the fun one I will go to bobby dollbeck double dong last night for him. Maybe means he doesn't qualify for fun But hey, I mean he's bat nine facing a lefty tends to see the ball a lot better against lefties and Ellen not a big strikeout guys so great situation for bobby dollbeck So the home run calls for today price harper and bobby dollbeck Hoping to go out on a high note for this weekend That is all that we have here for today on the solo shot But as mentioned big day coming up here on the number fire daily fantasy podcast feed austin swain's ufc dfs Preview already posted up on the number fire daily fantasy podcast feed breaking down this weekend's card NASCAR podcast coming up 10 30 on youtube and up on the number fire daily fantasy podcast feed after that Make sure you are subscribed to the number fire daily fantasy podcast feed wherever you get your podcasts and as always If you like what you hear leave us a rating and review check out the 4 p.m. Stream Later on today as well youtube twitch facebook and twitter if you have questions for me before 4 p.m I am on twitter at jim sonnis j i m s a n n e s You can also follow the fan dual podcast network at fan dual podcast big Thank you to everyone for tuning in for today. Good luck today Have a fantastic weekend. We'll talk to you once again next week This has been the solo shot right here on the fan dual podcast network