before today's lesson I thought I'd let you know I spoke to a friend about the the concerning gunpowder scenes in the story of the Kelly gang from the previous episode and they actually told me that movies back in the day would load up gun battles with baby powder to give it that wild burst we see in the films during the shootouts pretty cool but still very unsafe to do since this can mess with the condition of the gun causing backfires and hot powder spreading out and getting on the hands and face this friend that I spoke with is my old housemate who I spoke with tangentially about the topic of creation versus criticism we recorded that chat and it's available on my page as the first episode of a new series called a chat with where I'll be talking with some friends about various media related topics we didn't talk about the baby slash gun powder in this episode but we did talk about Viggo Mortensen's toad seriously though it was a really fun conversation and I'm looking forward to doing more of them so it's there if you want to check it out so no they weren't actually shooting at each other in the story of the Kelly gang I'm sorry if I gave that impression still I don't think either should be recommended shoot bullets at the gun range at a safe environment and never ever load up a gun with baby powder this has been gun safety with an Australian who has never shot a gun in his life the castle is the most Australian thing that I have ever seen a movie that I think sets the gold standard for our country's specific brand of comedy like taekwai TT's films for New Zealand Monty Python for Britain or Zack Snyder for America the castle follows the Kerrigan family living a three-high view Crescent cooleroo and they're battling it out with airport developers who are forcing them out of their home along with their neighbors thanks to compulsory acquisition laws to extend the runway situated behind their house compulsory acquisition is essentially when the government or a government authority granted body purchases property from the inhabitants who must comply with the acquisition the inhabitants and anyone else affected are expected to be compensated and the amount offered can vary sometimes though this can be challenged and the amount offered can be further negotiated or exemptions can be allowed as we see in action with this film using the tried and true Aussie method of get stuffed patriarch Daryl Kerrigan played by Michael Keaton mounts a legal defence to keep his and his family's beloved home the title plays off the old adage of a man's house is his castle the sanctuary of the Aussie battler their pride and joy the australian dream Daryl values the little things strange knickknacks of life obscure little church keys like paddle boat rollers the absolute best of the best i kept on display in his pool room a museum of his life he finds meaning in anything and everything the great and the small he's a bogan hipster since you're watching my content and you've listened to me talk i'm assuming you know what a hipster is but a bogan is essentially an australian redneck well i mean yeah pretty much a film was written by members of working dog productions a melbourne based tv and film production company you may recognize names like tom gliserner jane kennedy comedians who were there around when abc was still funny the crew were well known for satirizing elements of australian culture before with their show front line which made fun of australian news programs this was their first go at film but they had plenty of tv programs under their bell before this this is one of only three movies that working dog productions has made was it that successful yet sincere depiction of australian working class culture that they wanted it to be well first let's have a look at the film setup the castle was released in the year of my birth 1997 and it was filmed on a budget of $750,000 on location in my backyard legitimately i lived just a few k's from brunswick esten and fields and strathmore where the film was shot over the course of 11 to 12 days they also filmed in cambera for the high court scenes and of course who can forget the serene serenity of bonnie dune which makes a glorious appearance as the kerrigan's holiday home getaway having less than a fortnight of filming really shows on the production side of things angles of motions are pretty amateur and stock standard just put them the most practical make sure they can see what's going on sort of framing but this actually kind of aids the film's working class atmosphere very diy and personal where this movie truly excels though is the acting and dialogue it comes across so off the cuff stream of consciousness in the moment with every actor cast perfectly for their role katan as darrell and charles tingwell as kerrigan's barrister laurence hamill in particular the characters are certainly set up as stereotypes but they become extremely endearing as the film goes on some of the characters don't have direct involvement in the plot despite taking up a fair chunk of the screen time but but they do aid the familial community vibe of the film and they each find their own place within it for reasons i'll talk about in a bit the movie made a pretty admirable 10 million dollars at the australian and new zealand box offices where it was exclusively released in theaters while it has aired on american tv i imagine it wasn't released outside of australia in new zealand because the potential costs of distributing it would have exceeded the returns funnily enough the american tv version changed a few things to appeal to states lingo and make sense to the yanks the australian delicatessen of whistles is referred to as meatloaf the petrol and oil mixture of two stroke became diesel and hey hey it's saturday turned into funny as time videos since australia already had their own version of it whilst british and more recently new zealand comedy have breached the mainstream there isn't as much broad appeal where something like the castle i'd say i found it very charming and funny but it does feel like you have to be in on it being an australian or knowing someone from or a bunch about australia it's very niche but at home it is regarded as one of the best australian movies ever made encapsulating the australian larrican spirit suffering a jock so enough fart arcing about let's talk about the castle the film opens up on this lovely chap named dale he is dale's youngest child and it rates the film the framing device of the story is dale's retelling of events this gives the first quarter of the movie a sort of documentary feel exploring the ins and outs of the carrigan clan the whole my story angle kind of plays into the ozzy battler edge the honest joe telling it like it is my truth my life we then get a shot of the castle itself a quaint suburban home that kind of looks like it could be on the front cover of triple j's album of the week the carrigans have had the place for 15 years meaning dale must be 10 years old the home as mentioned is right next to the airport hence why the carrigans were able to get it for a steal i love that just how the airport barely plays into the story it's just such a yep there it is yeah cool right there whenever you need it it's probably most certainly not just an australian thing but knowing people who have a thing about their homes makes it more australian to me like if you go over to a mate's place and they have a creek in their backyard a huge reserve a cemetery just a thing that makes the house its own character like i used to live in essentially what was a terrace house engineer's cottage that was just in the middle of this reserve with this tiny little fence it's such a weirdly situated place but has a lot of character ladies and gentlemen our hero in his lumberjack shirt just watering the garden i do not think you could have picked a more perfect shot to establish this character in the most casual of casual attire doing a task that many considered to be mundane dale's voice over tells us how darrell can't figure out how we got the house for so cheap but then immediately talks about how the house was originally going to be part of a major housing development until the planes and power lines put people off according to the real estate as if the two topics are just completely unrelated the property value versus the lack of interest due to noise pollution and eyesores he's just too optimistic and puts his wits elsewhere whilst others may feel that the noise is polluted or the sights saw the eyes darrell loves both the power lines and the airport he considers them both pillars of man's ingenuity and ability what's really cool to see is that dale and the rest of the family love that about him he's completely flipped pretentiousness on its head he builds pool tables and has extensions that overlap and don't always come to fruition because his synapses are firing off like sydney harbour new year's eve pre 2020 darrell is a tow truck driver one of the best in the game according to dale and fun fact the kerrigan family was given that name in the script because there was a tow truck company in melbourne already called kerrigans that's their tow truck we are then introduced to darrell's wife sal she keeps the family together dale tells us she makes arts and crafts and darrell is amazed at her work she made a box with ducks on it you can put things in that this thing at the end of the table is steve the second eldest kerrigan child he likes to buy weird things ergonomic chairs it's actually kind of funny looking at the contrast between steve and his dad the generational leap of admiring these fancy full knickknacks darrell finds value in the gifts and creations that he receives steve sees it as more of a sport and apparently can haggle very well lucky's father he does make things however they are more gimmicky kramer level inventions like a motorbike helmet with a brake light on it which is just so actually not a bad idea like sometimes a motorcycleous helmet is more visible than the back of the bike that's not about one steve he also made a hose with a broom on the end of it which darrell uses to clean his boat the sea lid this device is in fact an australian artifact uh my dad had one and we fully claim ownership the other two kerrigan children are tracy and wane tracy is a hairdresser and the only kerrigan to attain a tertiary education which darrell is beyond proud of she just married incredible Hulk number one cotton kickboxing extraordinaire and accounted at the wedding darrell gives a beautiful speech and is welcomed into the family as an honorary western oriental gentle person wane on the other hand is in prison for armed robbery but darrell and the rest of the family love him still just the same he is a bit of a black sheep according to dale himself the family seem a bit uncomfortable to talk about him but won't shy away from telling them how it's all ancient history they just want wane to be able to move on and they they know he's a good bloke at heart who just got wrapped up in their own crowd dale goes to visit him every friday where they talk extensively about digging holes there are other points in the film where there's a lot of elation and happiness and dale wishes that wane could be there to experience it the prison that wane resides in is her majesty's prison pentridge the college of knowledge in coburg the prison itself actually closed only a month after the castle released now it is a huge housing development with a shopping center right in the middle of the old prison grounds it was there where my housemate and i went to see spider man no way home also in the house are these sorry greyhounds that darrell used to race on track because nobody's perfect these beautiful creatures are the main reason darrell and sal got together and we'll chat about that later yeah that's the carrigans a small family with a huge heart you wouldn't want to mess with their lot in life unless you're a government sanctioned airport development authority the inciting incident or at least the inciting inciter is this skivvy dude dropping by the house one day telling darrell he's doing a sort of routine valuation of the land but doesn't give him the full picture around the visit however darrell is an honest man and unfortunately it was pretty easy for this bold Judas to take advantage of him in this situation the rotund man with the shiny head asks about different assets around the property and recognizes very quickly the airport runway is close proximity to the house which does factor into the valuation i can imagine this guy would go back to the developers like yeah it is that close to the house we can drop the opera a couple thousand he then squeezes out of darrell that the soil is full of lead using master manipulations what do you know about lead so yeah essentially he is just here to give an estimate to the developers so they can kick them out accurately we see this with the different amounts offered to the neighbors when a week or so the letter finally comes they are laying siege to the castle the family then get a visit from this wonderful man by the name of Farouk one of their next door neighbors farouk has also received one of these kick out notices what i really like is that as soon as he sees the other neighbors are getting hit with these notices he immediately runs to the old man next door named jack there's an obvious sense of care for this bloke he has no family in the area and the house is the only thing he's got a huge slap in the face to high view crescent so darrell marches down to moorland city council to tell the desk clerk nah yeah yeah nah i had absolutely no idea that this building was used for anything else beyond graffiti canvas unfortunately it doesn't go darrell's way the desk clerk pretends to relate to darrell but he just asks her to give it to him straight i love darrell's recourse it's just it's my house my home what do you think you're doing no way since the clerk is a little bit british this is a compulsory acquisition and everyone who is an antagonist in this funnily enough is a little bit british it falls on deaf ears darrell steps out of the council building defeated and paul kelly kicks in because paul kelly when you're down and out goes hand in hand with depressed working-class australians for anyone who doesn't know or has no taste paul kelly is essentially bob dillon but australian and better kelly wrote the best christmas song of all time and is well respected within australian music history darrell then goes for a walk down the street with his friends the dogs disappear after the next shot i hope he didn't leave them in the car otherwise he has been thoroughly character assassinated i know this is kind of an argument for adaptation but it feels like there should be more than three signs for cigarettes on sydney road darrell turns to plan b denis denuto esquire small-time lawyer about to get the case of his life going up against federal authority he is understandably hesitant if you are interested in denis's legal resume you should know that he defended wane and well though darrell points out that wane actually had robbed the petrol station whereas the carrigans and the neighbors haven't done anything wrong no beating around the bush with darrell carrigan he isn't unreasonable the guy certainly isn't a speak to the manager type he knows his son did wrong and notes denis's defense of wane as him doing his best darrell really is about justice back at the castle darrell keeps his spirits high telling exciting towing stories he's still marveling at his wife's cooking and enjoying hey hey et cetera dale starts thinking about wane again alone in prison and thinking about how much he must miss home i'm not too sure what to comment on in terms of dale's potential guilt but i do think there's an element here of the house needing to stay so that wane can come home and the family can really get back together and complete this whole picture and that it remains incomplete without wane the idea of moving when he's missed eight of the 15 years at home is a slap in the face for the carrigans i don't have any doubt that these little things about the characters the relationships that don't necessarily pertain to the overarching plot are there to give us more motivation for darrell to keep the house this is the forever home the carrigans hobbiton that none of them especially dale or darrell want wane to miss out on notice how in these moments of bliss the calm and confident carrigans practice their little hobbies with more ease as things get sour later on we'll notice that effort feels a little bit more strained in some cases they'll fight through in others there's really nothing else to do but wallow but for now things are chill conan tracy are coming back from their honeymoon in thailand and then the carrigans are heading up to bonnie dune bonnie dune is a lovely little village a couple hours out from melbourne near mansfield a beautiful valley vista with a fantastic lake isolated from the drama of the outside well a great fishing camping and boating site so the carrigans pick conan tracy up from the airport and you may immediately realize that all they have to do is walk home dale himself points this out over a montage for some slick tunes though honestly i think it would have been funnier if they just showed us their walking and have the music play over like it does without commentary then you can recognize yourself oh yeah right all they have to do is walk home still gave me a hearty chuckle and it is pretty funny that they stole an airport trolley after the mini montage we linger on a shot of darrell's boat and i thought the reason for highlighting the boat was because the family may have to sell it or put it down for illegal defense later but yeah it's just there's the boat i think it's in the movie for the same reason as the carrigans chimney charm has a bit of charm inside tracy and conan talk all about their trip and dale tries to get eric banner to hulk out tracy and conan share some presence with the fam darrell gets a samurai sword letter opener that goes straight to the pool room sau gets a genuine Rolex that they got off the beach in thailand for 15 dollars hey maybe they have steve's amazing haggle abilities decades past and now it is time for bonny dune we get the first musical number of the film where going to bonny dune the carrigans have a beautiful holiday home built by darrell with a fantastic view of the power lines darrell tells dale he reckons they're the luckiest family in the world you gotta love this man's optimism even when the house is on the line truly it does remind me of the australian method of getting something done declaring victory on step one the next morning the sea lady shows us its remarkable ability to be silent when not in frame darrell dale and steve go fishing while tracy bleaches sau's hair the house is on everyone's mind but they're trying not to let it kill the vibe cut to eric banner this dog seems to be able to sense some ugly green eyed monster within him notice when we see steve rock up from having collected a chicken coop from an undisclosed location we see that his motorcycle helmet has the headlight on the back of it the castle officially does continuity better than disney star wars so based on the importance of the bonny dune holiday house shown within this sequence part of me thought that'd be something about the carrigans losing the case at the end of the film and that they'd have to move out to bonny dune or that the airport would get desperate and burn the house down so they get forced to move i'm a i'm a very glass half full kind of guy as it stands this is more over pre for the characters this whole sequence more of a calm before the storm but we still get plenty of character work like when darrell has a moment where he admits to sell he wishes that wane could be there and that darrell could have done better this is a pretty heavy moment but it's treated with some kind of casual realism that i very much appreciated it's a rare moment of darrell showing some fragility with everything going on with the house it's clear that the idea of moving out is even worsened by his son not being there it seems that darrell feels as though he failed to keep his son out of prison and is now faced with the prospect of the home getting booked as well not if he has anything to say about it the trip to bonny dune is capped off with darrell committing a hate crime against stake menace the dentist gets darrell a hearing at the administrative appeals tribunal now it is time for round two of darrell kerrigan versus the man sporting a a tie on top of the same outfit he wore to his first radio darrell pleads his case the judge at the administrative appeals tribunal is more british than the clerk from earlier this makes him more evil darrell doesn't have much of a case but he argues for good sense and brings up the constitution he's got the spirit he shows an awareness of right and fair not always being clear as day but that isn't the case with a league trying to take his house and his neighbors oh yeah feruk feruk is here for moral support and i think he is doing a fantastic job darrell speech is very impassioned and he uses a lot of phrases and arguments that'll come up later in the film but unfortunately the court rules in favor of the developers while he may have the moral argument darrell just doesn't have the legal angle at least for now back at home darrell tells everyone about the verdict and remarks on how he feels that he let everybody in the neighborhood this is building on a similar feeling that he had toward the outcome of wane's case darrell may not see the scenario as a second chance but we can recognize the parallels and i think he may be able to see them as well still the neighbors really appreciate what darrell is doing here he is sticking his neck out ruffling the feathers of federal authority and so darrell is not ready to give in and decides it's time to bring out the big guns this scene sets up that denis is not a part of the machine and will very happily fight it well darrell just wanted denis to recommend another barrister but since nobody else wants it dear denis may not be very sure in his abilities but darrell gives him a rousing speech and so denis takes the case things are a little bit tense at home now since the legalities are ramping up and darrell is a bit unsure about the future of the house he comes across more stern and stressed out in his conversation with tracy but he still engages with steve's wasteful spending and jokingly suggests sending a hairdressing photo of tracy to channel nine father and daughter have a laugh together things aren't perfectly serene right now but efforts are still being made by everybody to keep spirits high nothing's gonna be achieved by acting all doom and gloom cut back to the office of mr denuto who is burning the midnight oil working his legal magic he looks a little stressed out in an indiscriminate amount of time later a letter from the office of denuto denis is received by hammers lee and laylock the law firm representing a link and of course the villains are stationed on queen street one fade out later and then we're back on sydney road this time with some dude who looks like a channel nine news reader holding some documents i actually thought this guy was just an extra at first but this is our bad guy or one of them at least ron graham he's with hammers lee and laylock and he's here to visit the opposing council we could see him chuckle to himself when he spies denis's law firm i think it was important to show us the building for hammers lee and laylock to get that contrast between these two buildings i think that we can gauge that graham sees denis as someone not to be taken seriously little did he know that darryl and denis would refuse the 25 000 increase on the original offer for the house and also be unsuede by his thinly veiled threats returning to high view crescent again the moods dower and darryl's trying to keep things up but it's really starting to weigh on him he's a confident and assured man but he doubts himself sometimes he doesn't want his family or neighbors to get hurt or cause any wayward drama but he is assured by saul that he did the right thing rejecting that money and that it shouldn't be the decider to liven up the mood saul tells the story of how she and darryl met saul's partner at the time took her to the grey hand races how romantic while saul went off by herself to get some drinks or something she ran into darryl the two got to talking and eventually he asked her out onto a date and when saul informed him that she was already on a date he backed off and wished her well like a gentleman saul took one look at him and said now that's a principal man he won't take me on dates to the greyhounds this riveting tale cheers up dazza i really like how this scene cements darryl as principled in the eyes of others considering all the responsibility that's been heaved onto his shoulders it would be normal for anyone to doubt themselves in these moments but here's saul telling darryl that principle is what i love about you saul is my favorite character with a knock at the door we begin the best scene in the film guy fieri but make it australian threatens darryl on behalf of airlink corruption intimidation this just got a lot more spicy darryl's having none of it but the other guy fieri tries to strong arm him steve is armed too i just love how this goes from two to eleven in intensity straight after we have a lovely story of darryl and saul's first meeting we have darryl and son dealing with hired thugs at the door darryl looks like he's bonnied in his dunes they send the wannabe chopper reed on his way darryl gets upset with steve because he said no more guns in the house after wane but quickly the conversation turns into he and steve's whole thing yeah how much some monies what were they asking more than a little rapper later that night thug mcthugson throws a rock into steve's car waking the peacefully sleeping family since darryl knows justice he swears vengeance he and steve roll up to the mansion of one of the airlink pricks in turak for a covert get stuffed operation after a brief altercation at the intercom where darryl tells his son that calmness is the way they pull the mansion's gate down with their tow truck an eye for an eye a fancy iron gate for a windshield justice the next morning a federal officer of the law rocks up and asks darryl if he's seen any iron gates running about at first it seems like he's done four but officer mick and darryl go way back mick's just there to warn darryl that these airlink guys are serious and he's better off fighting this matter in court considering the keregans have been here for 15 years there's a huge community vibe to the neighborhood and wanes had to run in with the law it makes sense that they know this officer by name maybe mick even said i'll go speak with the suspect when he was debriefed about the complaint he has a keen awareness of the situation and seems to be looking at for darryl more than anything mick tells darryl to hide the unfortunately timed new purchase of the lovely iron gate at the front of his house just so the recently bereaved of gates turak man in the mansion doesn't get jealous next scene is a strategy meeting with all the neighborhood darryl jack feruk and ivon turns out the thug from last night has been making the rounds feruk used the man's bigotry against him exposing the inherent prejudice of criminals higher to intimidate innocent people he'll view crescent form some kind of a fellowship squad and danis represents the mole and federal court all he has to do is prove the actions of airlink have been unconstitutional i'm thinking threats damaged a property intimidation yada yada yada crime crime are all pretty unconstitutional but considering the nature of australia's constitution relates to the parameters of local state federal and the accompanying judicial laws we won't be looking at how this action infringes on rights and freedoms more how it breaks the law itself sounds easy enough bring it on denis um or all right give me one moment and i and i will up against slightly british villain number three why does this movie hate palms denis highlights utter incredulous inconceivable reckless abandonment and complete disregard of the vibe of the constitution of the commonwealth of australia i love that he added in the commonwealth part as he was reading the front cover maybe to match ron's regurgitation of legal mumbo jumbo maybe the villains all being vaguely british and the emphasis on the whole commonwealth aspect of the constitution is a commentary on britain's establishment of the australian colony and how the systems put in place favor the big kahuna like a link and not the small tucker like mr carrigan denis is dishevelled and stressed and tired and stressed but he confidently asserts the constitution's breach only to have this mean person ask which section because i guess we have to get into specifics whatever happened to taking someone at their word your honorable mess all right i gotta be honest i feel like i'm not really doing this scene much justice so before i ruin anything else all's all says is watch it for your beautiful self if not the whole movie at least this scene it's fantastic and i also want to mention that feruk is there also also i will say that the eddy marbo case gets mentioned in denis's speech as well and it's a very interesting case that i'd recommend everyone have a look at it's about the recognition of indigenous land rights prior to colonization and it takes a look at a different angle of the same principle looked at in the castle albeit in a very different context during the proceedings an adjournment is called on the topic of little character things getting reincorporated despite not relating to the overall plot at the start of the film wane gifted dowrel an ash trade despite him saying he doesn't smoke now at the courthouse dowrel lights up some death sticks during the adjournment either dowrel's been fibbing us this whole time and this is something he does in private or the stress has gotten too high for the case and he's picked up smoking those ailing gas holes are chipping away at his purity thankfully this is the only blight on his character that and the way he cooks steak whilst prematurely enjoying his celebratory cigarette dowrel meets a man named laurance who has a voice like a free flowing fountain of dark chocolate in the face and smile of a basket full of sleeping puppies and kittens he and dowrel have a chat dowrel talks about the government wanting to take his house and lori talks about how he is spectating his son in court today from that line i assumed that it would have been revealed that his son was the extra from hammering away and that lori would be the one to have a heart and go up against his corrupt and conniving son this look laurance gives when he learns of the case seem to imply some guilt like most of my recent predictions that turned out to be absolute nath because you see lori is a barrister too a pretty big one actually a qc which is queens council queens council or senior council refers to a senior barrister whose skills have become recognized by the supreme court and the legal profession after a number of years of work and are given the honorary title of qc or sc becoming a barrister victoria but basically they get to wear their fancy hairpieces lori is actually retired though retired but still able to come out and practice law whenever he wants i'm not sure on the whole process of that but there you go some could say it's a bit convenient lori and dowrel's meeting considering how integral lori is to the film's final act i'd say if you take into account dowrel's friendly disposition and the fact that if he was going to speak to anybody around here they'd likely be a lawyer or other some such it's not impossible but it is certainly lucky that they happen to be a queen's council member and this happened to be his son's first appearance certainly convenient but not a hole in the film's logic by any means i wish he found his way into the story through more natural means lori agrees that dowrel's case is outrageous and looks to gain some more knowledge about the case he shows genuine concern with the matter and the fact that in something as serious as this dowrel is represented by denis someone lori has never heard of being a qc you can imagine lori's pretty familiar with litigators on federal matters probably knowing most by name the two-part ways and the verdict is read unfortunately the judge gives denis a vibe check this judge was a lot more reasonable than the last dude but unfortunately they have to follow all this law stuff we see dowrel having to break the bad news dowrel recounts how telling jack was the hardest for dowrel what we've seen here is that because of jack's situation dowrel had taken it upon himself to look out for him the fact that he's older living alone and has no family nearby the unwavering principle of dowrel kerrigan recognizes the hard spot this sweet old man is in and puts it upon himself to fight for him this shows dowrel's unwillingness to let others get dragged down by something that he has the ability to stop he has the means to at least put up a challenge and put up a challenge he does we then cut to tracy and con trying to cheer him up and thus we begin con's character arc at dinner the weight has become too much for dowrel to carry can't put on the same face he usually does for his family and they all try to bolster the mood by bringing in their usual traditions we've seen throughout the film complimenting sal's cooking or getting into steve's next exorbitant purchase but it doesn't work all they can do is talk about the next move in the acquisition they've got to be out in two weeks dowrel admits that he hasn't told wane the person he feels he's let down most is about to be let down again in dowrel's mind but when dowrel goes to see wane so that he can be the one to tell him wane is shattered but once the family especially dowrel to know the only reason he loved the house so much is that his family were the ones in it think about how the first thing wane asks when he's told that they're losing the house as if dad is all right all he wants is for them to be safe and wane even has dowrel write a letter to his dad to let him know that and tells him what the lawyers and government can get now in all those lawyers and government people can just go and get it and all those lawyers and government people can go and get the ergonomic dowrel reads it to dowrel as he is packing up the pool room a very deliberate choice of room to set this scene in dowrel really does seem to appreciate it but gets straight back to packing he looks around at his most treasured possessions taking it all in he takes a photo of the whole family off the walls it's clear that wane's words have rung true for dowrel whether or not dowrel knows that he's done a fantastic job of keeping the relationship strong within the family and wants that stability to keep maintained insecure and charming home steve comes in to also hammer home the fighting spirit of dowrel carrion and how his family also appreciates that part of him this tiny interaction with steve not knowing the opposite of letting someone down is my favorite interaction of the film it's the message to a tea and seals the strength of the character writing they may not have all the words for it but they can still tell them how it is remember that bit for later sao comes in with some documents that dowrel needs to sign however he can't because he is the most principal man in australia him wanting to keep that principal to keep this house is the closest thing you can say to this man being selfish but he's more than that for how hard he's fought to keep everyone afloat as well he wants them to share in his spoils and is more than willing to give up a part of himself for the betterment of others it's a huge contrast between the humble man who gives all he can for his community versus the greedy government authority that wants to take with no consideration for the people they're affecting something else that i noticed in this scene and it's something that gets pointed out to us pretty abundantly clear in the first scene pretty much but it's a bit more subtle here and also shows us how dowrel's character remains uncompromised despite being beaten down and that's how he doesn't react at all to the plane flying overhead he doesn't mind them and even appreciates them and the power lines for what they represent for human achievement i find it interesting in that you could see the airport wanting to expand and take dowrel's home is an example of how the human achievement is being used against him multiple times he and denis get told this is a huge operation you're interfering with but his response is always if you're gonna expend your grand achievement that's fantastic but don't mess with what i've been able to achieve the castle as much as any airport runway or power line is a testament to human achievement so in the darkest depths of the second act low point when all seems lost and our heroes cry after this we fall helpless as it may seem laurence comes in to save the ergonomic day this angel in the shape of a man tells dowrel that his speciality was constitutional law so yeah add that to the tally of convenience that laurence showed up when he did if he didn't this whole rest of the story wouldn't be able to happen but i am glad he is here he believes darrell may have a case and wants to represent him at no cost and darrell seems much more excitable and in better spirits as this new development develops three weeks later the dream team of darrell laurence and denis hit up the high courting camber ready to tell the hoity toits where to shove it it's funny how denis has gone from small claims lawyer in brunswick to the instructing solicitor of a qc in the high court of australia we see he's even able to properly identify sections of the constitution now vibing to the roman numerals laurence stands up and gives the case essentially it's the same argument as darrell the same principle of justice and right to it but lorry has a special way with words and cites references a little bit better this is interesting to think about how the caracans didn't know the words but got across how much they cared for each other and meant to one another how the house has a basis for all that caring and meaning and now lorry is communicating all of that to the judge of course lorry would be good it's in his name we get this fantastic trick you're on my client built his home by the law in full accordance with the law he doesn't know about the extensions i love how these little seeds that seemed irrelevant to the story earlier on are brought back to strengthen these characters and add a broader sense of world and environment to the story good stuff the lawyers representing the flying machines are led by another mean sort of british person now i must say this rampant bigotry on the part of the castle is a bit distracting but i think i read a crikey article that says we're allowed to be racist to brit now dimwit says a mean thing that i don't think would fly in a court case dwelling or is it more accurately be called isle what do you call an isle it's called a home you dickhead to be fair i don't think that darrell's outburst would as well but not only is this poor form but i don't know how a lawyer of this man's esteem i assume he has esteem due to his complete lack of it would be called into question maybe even contempt for trying to misdirect the case and color the judge's verdict with irrelevant information irrelevant and inflammatory i'm not a legal man so i could be dead wrong but i don't know if the court would be okay with this they do tell both of them often call an adjournment but would more follow on from this comment below if you're more smarter than me in the adjournment darrell comments on the hoity tuitness of the hoity tuit he recognizes these snooty pricks are unable to look past the railing on their ivory towers to see the value the carragans put in the small things this leads to darrell uttering a phrase we heard earlier lorry takes note of that and uses those words verbatim minus the swearing in his closing statement despite being the one to communicate things better lorry uses darrell's words because that's the entire argument the emotional opening statement header to the page of the argument that a legal case would be robotic and not nearly as persuasive without the laws have been quoted interpreted and justifiably applied by lorry but we need to include why we have this in the first place we have decided in our laws to recognize on just terms it's not just a criteria sheet that manifested in nature humans built this idea this law to make sure no one gets treated unfairly well maybe that's of a debate but that's at least what it should be right otherwise what separates us from an unthinking survival instinct only parasite this is the minutiae of have a heart be fair and lorry argues it with precision and uh okay a couple things as well sorry to ruin the mood this isn't necessarily a criticism just an observation i thought that at some point in the court case they'd bring up the fact that a link valuated the property under deceptive circumstances and that they threatened the family twice and damaged their property honestly i think it would have helped their case perhaps it was because of the lack of evidence but i still would have liked to have some acknowledgement of a links more obvious shifty behavior the focus of the case was of course the matter of just terms but still it would have been cool to see that story be to pay off in another way beyond isolated drama and comedy to see the toy hoodies on the other side act all oh well we had no idea that that was going on you know they don't think about all this terrible stuff they're hiring other people to do instead the focus like i said is on the just terms thing and they pull that off really well i was actually thinking about how cool this would be as a stage play like a sort of minimal set thing that involves all of these situations and has some really cool set pieces that expand on the law of the castle well the law and the law i know we're all sick of recreating things in different formats like kind of remakes of classic animated movies and live action that sort of thing but they can always be done well so i could definitely see that happening with a stage play of the castle so yeah right holders if you're listening it's my idea but you may steal it and so by the court's decree the airport can go and get stuffed we want we want you little ripper daryl is elated i have never been happier to see someone smile and denis thinks about how good this is going to look on his cv daryl makes peace with qc dimwit hi bad luck the case gets national attention on the news daryl throws a huge party inviting all of the amazing characters that we've met along the way con completes his character arc comedian tony martin rocks up for two seconds as lory's son this spiritually connects the castle to another cornerstone of australian culture tizm the case outcome becomes known as the kerrigan decision and a string of well-deserved good fortune comes to the family and their friends wane gets out of prison on parole thanks to the help of lory denis becomes a big hot shot lawyer with a fancy new printer salo and daryl finishes the patio extension making it greek as a tribute to the Croatian-German actor erik banner steve gets back together with an old girlfriend and they have a baby to satiate his spending habits wane joins daryl in the towing business which is now booming thanks to the case coverage tracy and con have a kid and they train him in the way of the fist and lory becomes a good friend to daryl and often accompanies the family to bony doing daryl says goodbye bye daryl and the credits roll that was the castle the castle is a high bar to set for this series funny charming heartfelt as we'll see in future episodes of australia in film small fry character comedy set in the melbourne suburbs have been one of the main exports of australian media and the castle certainly helped popularize that sure we had home and away before but nothing to quite this acclaim and recognition for being so unique to australian characteristics a pure passion project that would be the accompanying picture to a dictionary definition to slice of life this story puts an Aussie spin on the classic underdog tale and while not every story thread feels like it contributes to the central conflict it certainly helps to give layers to the character and humble world of the caracans and what fantastic characters they are and perfectly cast especially michael caton as daryl bud tingwell as laurence and tenney as sal costus kilius as feruk and tirio mora i hope i'm saying that right as denis very believable and very natural performances the legal stuff may be a bit simplified but is consistent as far as i can tell the production it could have been resourced from each member of cast and crew and their relatives for all i know such as the real life carragans tow truck but like their simplistic camera work it only adds to the diy blue color feel if it works it works as for the comedy it's hard to say what makes it so australian probably the much celebrated working class element to australia's culture which other countries like britain and america have also celebrated in comedies and dramas but i think it's the sort of absurd collage of references to ozzy bogan culture that skinned this internationally relatable story and how these charming little humorous elements give flavour to our characters from steves crazy inventions to darrell's cherished items in the pool room something you can piss yourself laughing along with it's seriously hard to tell where the quotes end and the actual ozzy lingo begins that's going straight to the pool room how's the serenity tell them he's dreaming suffering in your jocks it's like an archaeological dig so yeah that's why the castle is so beloved in australia fan service of the two films i've seen so far the castle is the best australian movie ever made followed closely by the story of the kelly gang yeah it was a good idea to do the australian movie considered best at number two hey this one feels like it should have been the finale but i really wanted to talk about it i really enjoyed watching this movie so i'll try to find something really bad for the next episode to have a bit of fun we've done the 1910s we've done the 90s we've got a lot of decades in between and also the 2000s 2010s 2020s who knows have a look at my semi-ranked list unletter box that's catalogued all the movies i've watched so far yes all two of them check out episode one of this series the story of the kelly gang below and stay tuned for the next one plus some more videos about other stuff on the way we'll see you then i'll miss you


The Columbia Network takes pleasure in bringing you suspense, suspense. A new series of programs with one strict purpose in view, your entertainment. Each week at this time, CBS sets aside 30 minutes to excite you, to mystify you, and on occasion to horrify you with a catalog of the world's great thrillers. Dramas from the stage and screen, from fiction and radio. Dramas that bring you... The second offering of a new series is a unique one. Certainly it is one of the very few pieces of suspense literature that somehow manages to tickle your funny bone while busily engaged in tingling your spine. Make no mistake though, nobody's kidding. CBS presents its adaptation of John Collier's well-known short story, Wet Saturday. Yes, it's a wet Saturday. Never saw it rain harder. I'm Princey, Frederick Princey. Just an ordinary family man. I have a son, a daughter, and a wife. I might be out golfing now if it hadn't been for the rain. I'm Mrs. Princey. I plan to drive over to the nurseries this afternoon for the arbiter. The boarders, you know, but... Oh, the whole lot of them make me sick. Yes, I'm George's son-in-law. I had a date to go punting. Punting. Couldn't find the blasted punting as well, so... I'm home too. Going to play croquet. That's how I happened to have a mallet. Yes, that's the Princey family. We find them at home. Mrs. Princey, Millicent, George sprawled on a couch, Mr. Princey biting on a dry pipe. Their living room is dull and overstuffed. Rain beats at the windows. They are any middle-class family at home on a wet day, except for one small item. As you sit with them in the living room, you can see through the door to the sun porch a pair of men's feet encased in black boots. They look like the feet of a curate. There's a tenseness in the room. The air is charged with excitement, but the feet are very still. Don't keep staring at them. Listen to me, all of you. Don't you see? They'd hang her. That's what they do. They'd hang her.  Awful? It's catastrophic. A supposedly sweet, gentle, intelligent girl, respected, loved by the whole village doing a thing like this. Think of the publicity, the discretion. You think I'm going to resign from the bench, the best way? Sell out and live in some foggy hotel abroad? Oh, no, no. No.  I will. I will.  Any more than you have been, the governor of England. Be quiet. Wouldn't be so bad if it were you. Everybody in the village knows you're not responsible. George. Yes? Get off that couch. Sit up on your spine. You might be of a little use here if you could think. Listen, governor, this isn't my funeral.  As long as I can remember, George, you've been a trial and a tribulation to me. Oh, I can't stand it. I can't stand it. You've got to stand it, my dear. And keep that hysterical note out of your voice. You hear? Yes. We, uh, we are talking about the weather. Now, George. Yeah? George, if he fell down the old well, say, uh, striking his head several times, what about it, eh? I really don't know, governor. What about it?  I'm asking you to think. He'd have had to hit the side several times in 30 or 40 feet and at all the correct angles. No. No, I'm afraid not. I'm afraid not. We'll have to go over it all again, Millicent. Oh, no, Father. No, no. I couldn't. I couldn't. Millicent, we must go over it all again. Oh, Fred, you're torturing her. Oh, face facts, Mater, with him lying there. No, he's pretending it's a picnic. They might hang, you Millicent. Oh, stop that shaking. Stop it here. You must stop it. Just keep your voice quiet. Millicent, we are talking of the weather. Now, we will proceed. Shoot a thought of those boots, Millic. I'm not moving them. Well, sit up, George.  Now, Millicent, look at me. Answer me truthfully. You hear? Answer me. You were in the croquet court. Who knew you were in love with this wretched curate? Oh, the whole village. They've been snickering about it at the pub for three years past. Millicent, we continue. You were on the croquet court. Yes. You were putting the croquet set into its box? Yes. It was starting to rain. I was carrying the balls and manners into the sun porch. The box was there. You heard someone enter the garden gate and come across the yard? Yes. Could you see who it was? At first, I was going into the sun porch. I threw down all the manners at the red ones and turned around. It was withers? Yes. So you called him, loudly? Did you call him loudly? Could anyone have heard? No, Father, I'm sure not. I didn't really call him. I just spoke his name. He saw me as I went to the door. He just waved his hand and came over. How can I find out from you whether there was anyone about? Whether he could have been seen? I'm sure not, Father. I'm quite sure. So you both went into the sun porch? Yes. It was raining hard then. What did he say? He said, hello, Millie. And excuse us coming in the back way, but he set out to walk over to Liston. Yes. And he said, passing the park, he now suddenly thought of me. And he thought he'd just look in for a moment. He... he had something to tell me. Go on. He said he was so happy. He wanted me to share it. He'd heard from the bishop he was to have a vicarage. And it wasn't only that. It meant he could marry. Then he began to start to get all confused. He thought he meant me. Don't tell me what you thought. Tell me exactly what he said, nothing else. Well... Crying, luxury, you can no longer afford. Tell me what happened. He said no. He said it wasn't me. It's Ella Bracton Davis. And... and he was sorry. And all that, then he went to go. And then? I went mad. And his back. I had the red mallet of the croquet in my hand. I forgot to drop it in the box when he came. Did you shout or scream? I mean, as you hit him? No. I'm sure I didn't. Did he?  No, Father. And then? I threw it down. I came straight in here. I went to look for Mother. Leave the child alone, Fred. That's such a child, Mater. Milly, I had no idea you... Keep quiet. I'm thinking. You see, George, he probably told people he was going to listen. Certainly no one knows he came here for he didn't decide until he crossed the park. He might have been attacked in the woods. We must consider every detail a cureth with his head battered in. Don't, Father, don't. A cureth head battered in.  Kill with us? Well, I would with pleasure. How'd you do, Mrs. Princes? Oh, sit down, pray. You mustn't get up for me, Mrs. Princes. You either, Mrs. Smith. My word. Just being neighborly on a bad day. I wanted to ask you about those day-year bulbs, Princes. Took a shortcut on account of the rain and walked right in, knew you wouldn't mind. Oh, he heard you, Father. We can all have our little jokes. Don't pretend to be shocked. This way, Smollett. This chair facing the fireplace. Sit down, Mother. Just straightening the curtains to the sun porch, dear. It looks so gloomy out there. Might as well shut the rain out. Just talking about the little theoretical cure at killing, Smollett. You know, young people these days like thrillers. Pass on his side. Justifiable pass on his side. If you heard about Ella Braggden, Davis, I should be most properly laughed at. Why? Why should you be laughed at, Smollett? No, I was shot in that direction myself. Jean-Arc said yes, too. Haven't you heard? She told most people.  Oh, too bad. A fortune of war. Yes, fortune of war. Art how it happens, isn't it? Sit down, Smollett. Millison, console Captain Smollett with your best light conversation. You, too, Mother. George and I have something to look at outside. This is rain, you know, but it's bad, very bad. Come, George. Right, old Governor. Maybe we'll need raincoats, what? Oh, I don't think so. Just make yourself at home, Smollett. Make yourself at home. A cigarette, Captain Smollett? Thank you, thank you. A nasty day to be going out. It's something about the old well. Just off the Sand Forge door, you know. This terrible, rotten weather seems to have loosened some of the stones. The ash too bad. Spoils the tennis and croquet, I mean, a day like this. Doesn't it, Millie? Doesn't it, Millie? Oh, yes, it does. She was practicing out on the croquet court earlier, but, uh... Oh, do pull your chair near the fire, Captain. It was so damp, we thought it would be cozy to light it. Thank you. I'm quite comfortable. I, uh... I hope you don't feel too bad about Ella Davis. Can't always win. Can't say, though, what you women see are these bloodless clerics. Oh, I always thought Mr. Woodus was, uh... is a very charming man. I'd agree, but why should anyone want to marry him? You wouldn't want to marry him, would you, Millie? Not now. Maybe that. Are you...? Smollett. Yes, yes, Prince Henry. Good Lord, man, you've come in all of a sudden, eh? Mm-hmm. Yes, I did. Oh, don't mind this old double-battle shotgun. I've been working on it. Smollett, may I have your attention for a minute? There's something on the sun porch I'd like to show you. Why, yes. Yes, of course. Smollett. George and I went out to see if we could shoot some rats which have been driven out of the old well by the high water. Afraid they might get into the house. Now you must listen to me very carefully. Very carefully, or you will be shot by accident. Prince, what's got into you?  You also heard Millison make a comment, an unguarded comment. Well, what of it? Very little. Unless you were to hear that withers had met a violent end this very afternoon, and that, my dear Smollett, is what you are going to hear. What? Withers? Yes. Who killed him? Millison. Yes, it's a mess. And of course you would have remembered and guessed. Maybe, yes, I suppose I should. Therefore you constitute a problem. Why did she kill him?  Pityable too. She deluded herself and he was in love with her. Good heavens, Millie. Oh yes, of course, I... I feel... He had told her about the Davis girl. I understand. Now I have no wish as you will comprehend that she should be proved either a lunatic or a murderous. I could hardly go on living here after that. I suppose not. On the other hand, you know about it. Yes, I see. That makes me a problem. You're wondering if I could keep my mouth shut. If I promise... I am wondering if I could believe you. But if I promise... Things went smoothly, yes. But not if there was any sort of suspicion, any questioning. You would be afraid of being an accessory. Why, I don't know. I do. What are we going to do? I can't see anything else. You'd never be full enough to do me, innit? You can't get rid of two corpses. Oh, I regard it as a better risk than the other. It could be an accident. Or you and Wither could both disappear. There are possibilities in that. Listen, you can't... I can, but there may be a way out. There is. Smollett, you gave it to me yourself. I... I did what? You said you would kill with us. You have a motive. Oh, look here. I was joking. Of course you saw that. You are always joking. Listen, Smollett, I can't trust you. You must trust me.  I mean that. You can choose between dying and living. Go on. Now, there's the old world just outside the Sun porch door. That's where I'm going to put with us. No one outside knows he has come up here this afternoon. No one will ever look there for him unless you tell them. You must give me evidence that you have murdered Wither's. I murdered him? Why do you want that? So that I shall be dead sure that you will never open your lips on the subject. I see. What evidence? George, hit him in the face. Sure. Keep out of this. Captain, you should be more careful. Look what your teeth did to my knuckles. Again, George. Okay. I can't stand it. Keep quiet. You women, keep out of this. I'm sorry, Smollett, but there must be traces of a struggle between you and Wither's. Then it will not be altogether safe for you to go to the police. Can't you take my word, man? I will when we're finished. George, get the cookie married. Right, Governor. Take your handkerchief to it. In there on the Sunport floor. Yeah, I got it, Governor. There, Captain, there's the weapon.  I shall shoot you if you don't. Good Lord, you can't! All right. There, that's it. Now deposit it out by the side of the house, out of the rain, of course. No, wait, George. Huh?  Ah, Prince, you've gone mad. Do you know what you're doing? With this gun, yes. Go ahead, George. Sorry, there must be your hair up, Captain.  That's all we need. Now for Wither's, we'll fix it right up. Be right with you, Governor. Smollett, you may turn around. Wither's is just there in the Sunport. Draw back the curtain. Yes, messy. But we'll get him fixed up. Now, you, Smollett, you've just got to drag him through the door and dump him in the old well. Just beyond the door, Captain. I won't touch him. I won't. All right, stand aside. Out of range, George. Only one place I want this bullet to go. Father. Father. Keep quiet. My aim's not too good. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. That's better, Smollett. Much better. Go on now. In here, you'll have to take him outside. By the shoulders ought to do it, Captain. Keep quiet, George. Go on, Smollett. Go on. You've seen dead men before. Drag him. Drag him. I'll just hold the gun here to make sure that everything goes all... Oh, my God. Come away from the din window, dear. Don't look. But, Captain Smollett, your father is a very resourceful man, isn't he? I'm sure what he's doing is right. But the Captain, you mustn't question your dear father. I say, are you two still at it? There's enough trouble around here without blubbering. I'm not blubbering, George. Oh, you see, Smollett, they never looked in our way. You see how safe it is? I guess it is. Oh, good heavens, man. You're dripping wet. Why didn't you slip your raincoat on? Tea ready, my dear? Just a minute, dear. I'll bring for Bridget. Ah, exactly what you need, Smollett. Cup of tea. Best thing in the world to ward off a cold. Sit out, won't you? Don't mind getting the chair wet. Cigarette? Help yourself. I stick to my pipe. You know, funny how... Everything's hot, man. Oh, Bridget, yes. Put the tray in front of me here. On the table. That's it. You've gone and catch a lift. I just knocked it. Oh, hot bread for you, Bridget. Give the captain this cup. No, no, thank you. I rather think I'll be running along now if you don't mind. Oh, Captain Smollett, without any tea. If you don't mind, Mrs. Princes, if I could just have my raincoat. Oh, I'll get it for you, Captain. Oh, it is very distressing, Smollett. Very. I'll be all right presently, I'm sure. Oh, here we are now. Let me help you. Thank you. Thank you, young man.  Walk is dry. Let me hold the door for you, Captain. Don't worry, old fellow. Don't worry at all. Don't worry. Nothing serious, I imagine. A little rest and he'll be as right as rain. By the way, Melissa, you're not looking any too well. No, not well at all. I'm sure it was that croaky coat. Being outdoors in weather like this is simply foolhardy. The mate is right, Millie. You saw what happened to Captain Smollett. Oh, come along, dear. I shall give you a hot foot bath and put you to bed and a couple of days in bed and you'll decide. Yes, plenty of rest, Millieson, and don't worry about a thing. That's the best you'll... Well, I guess I'll have a little rest, too, Governor. It's a fine afternoon for a nap. Indeed it is, son. Well, enjoy yourself. I'll see you later. I'll see you all later. Would you get me the police station, please? Hello, Sergeant. This is Princeye of Abbott's Road. I believe you know me. Oh, indeed, I do, Mr. Princeye. Sergeant, a horrible thing has just happened. Quite extraordinary murder, in fact. Murder? I'm afraid it looks rather bad for a close friend of ours, unfortunately. We saw him do it. I think you'd better send someone over right away. Well, our man should be there right about now, Mr... Beg your pardon? No, no, no. I won't, Sergeant. Thank you. Shouting! We... we have some visitors, Governor. Oh, yes. Yes, yes, I can see that. Well, Constable, good afternoon. Good afternoon, Mr. Princeye. And Smollett.  Coming back like this. Here to reenact the crime? Only the one against me, Princeye. The one against the curate. I'll leave to you, people. Extraordinary sense of humor. Mr. Princeye, I just had a look at what's in your well. Not to criticize that, not pretty at all. Yes, Captain Smollett was thorough, if nothing else. You saw him when he did it, sir, out in the back? No, quite. We were just returning from a walk. I was praying for the curate, hiding out in those bushes by the road, I imagine. He was never inside this house. Never. And you say, Captain? I say that while I was inside this house, a guest of the family, I was coerced into dragging the curate's body outside and dumping it in the well. Well, there we are. Not entirely, Constable. I'll just remove my raincoat. There, and demonstrate how damp I got my clothes when I went outside without it. No, that's interesting, isn't it? Quite. He undoubtedly removed his coat at some point between here and your post. I might as well tell you that his weapon, a red crooky mallet, is out by the side of the house. I shouldn't be at all surprised, but you'd find his fingerprints all over it. All over the end of the mallet, Constable, the end that mashed withers his head. Not the end I'd have had to grasp in order to do the mashing. Governor. That's a decent try, Smollett. But it won't work. There must be other evidences, Constable. You'll undoubtedly find them when you examine the body. He means my hair under withers his nails. Well, sir, if you look carefully, I believe you'll find a few of my precious hairs under his son's nails, too. Here, what are you trying at? Constable, this is an utter waste of time. So far as a violent struggle between Smollett and withers is concerned, Smollett's face speaks for itself. Quite eloquently, I believe. Oh, but no more eloquently than your son's knuckles. As you see, Constable, a fresh abrasion. He did that on my teeth. Or did he? What? I say, or did he? He might have done that on withers his teeth. Oh, I see. I see what you mean. But I didn't. Governor, he said I... Oh, keep still your nitwit. Let me think. But, as a matter of fact, George, the more I think of it, the more I'm convinced it was your voice, I heard. Quite a vigorous quarrel, something about the cure it, due to your sister.  Very well, Princey. If your son didn't do it, who did? That's what I'd like to know. How about it, Mr. Princey? Well, that... that is a sticker and all right. George, my boy, it looks like you're elected. What do you mean? I didn't do it?  I won't. I'm not going to take the blame for her. Millie did it. She did it with that mallet I saw. You could prove that? Prove it? I... I... Yes, her fingerprints on the mallet, the handle. Why, George, don't you remember when you made me touch the mallet when you picked it up with your handkerchief? No, I... George, I'm sure you wiped that handle clean. Oh, well, I could hardly expect you to remember that, if you can't even remember killing the curie. I told you to keep still. But, Governor, you're not going to turn me over. As long as I can remember, George, you've been a trial and a tribulation to me. Governor, I... You shouldn't have done it, son. You really shouldn't. No, George, that was definitely wrong. I say, Princey, I think I'll have that cup of tea after all. Nothing like it in weather like this. Wet Saturday from the short story by John Collier. You have just heard the second in Columbia's new series, a series designed to bring you the best in thrill entertainment. Outstanding dramas from the field of fiction and radio, stage and screen, dramas of pure... This Columbia feature is produced and directed by Charles Vanda, with scripts by Harold Bedford and score by Bernard Herman. Be with us again next week at this same time when we present... Suspense. This is the Columbia Broadcasting System.


Sonography of the Urinary Tract, Technique, Normal Appearance and Variations, Part 2 covering the ureter and urinary bladder. In Part 1, I have covered the kidney and the renal pelvis. Now, ureter when it is dilated can be traced to the level of cause of obstruction.  So, that is how a dilated ureter can be traced. But when the ureter is non-dilated, can it be seen and can it be traced? Yes, is the answer. How to start with it? To start with, it is better to start with a dilated ureter. You see the course and how we have to move the transducer to trace the different parts of the ureter and also you can try with ureter with a stent in place and then see the stent in the renal pelvis in the upper ureter, you can see the stent. So you know now by tracing the stent a non-dilated ureter, so you can memorize the transducer movement to see the non-dilated ureter, upper ureter, the mid ureter, the level of pelvic crossing and then the lower ureter you see the stent in place and it see the stent actually entering the urinary bladder through the ureter vesicle junction. So then you can see the stent in the bladder. So with the stent in the ureter which is not dilated, you can use the stent as a guide to trace the non-dilated ureter. That will be shown in the video. You can see the stent in the pelvis upper ureter and you can then move the transducer as it was described in the basic lectures for tracing the iota. So you see the stent and you see the non-dilated ureter various parts, UVJ and enter the bladder. So this is the way to learn tracing and looking for a non-dilated ureter. So here you see a non-dilated ureter, the upper part you see the ureter and how to identify the ureter by the peristals. You will see the ureter emptying, collapsing. So similarly the mid-urator, you see the ureter and it collapses. So the peristals confirms that you are definitely seeing the ureter. So that was the mid-urator and you see the lower ureter filling up and then collapsing. So filling up and collapsing. So this helps us to identify and confirm that it is the ureter and you see the ureter, low distal most ureter collapsing and then you can put on color to see the jet which will follow the collapsing of the lower ureter, distal most ureter. So this is how you can trace the non-dilated ureter confirmed by the occurrence of peristalsis. So by this you can see the helices, the pelvis, the ureter there which is collapsed and it is filling up after some time. You confirm that that is the ureter. Similarly the mid-urator collapsed and then it is filling up and similarly the lower ureter it is collapsed and it is filling up. So the peristalsis of filling up and collapsing confirms that we are looking at the various parts of the ureter and this is the distal most ureter with the color Doppler you see the ureteric jet from the ureterovesicle junction. So now you can see the ureter and you see the peristalsis the various parts. So it is now better for you to appreciate that is the ureter it will collapse. You see the mid-urator that is the lower ureter you see filling up and collapsing. Now similarly you can see the upper ureter which went away fast we will see again and then you see that is the upper ureter collapsing. So this is how you trace the ureter. So now you all will agree that you can see the non-dilated ureter and also trace it. Now coming to the urinary bladder the protocol is with the patient supine and with the full bladder so that only we can see the bladder and make a sagittal sweep the sagittal scan and then make a side to side sweep and then turn the transducer 90 degrees make a trans-scan and make a up and down trans-sweep so that you scan the entire volume of the bladder.  So full bladder is required now you see the empty bladder so you cannot study the empty bladder. So the bladder has to be filled to study the bladder as well as structures posterior to the bladder. So this is the sagittal scan.  Now seminal vesicle depending upon the abstinence stage and the age it may be thin like this in a child and it may be empty and then it is filled with abstinence. So that is the normal seminal vesicles and normal urinary bladder. Seminal vesicles are seen as linear or long oval ecopore structures of variable size depending upon the age and abstinence and there may be some compartments. So urinary bladder measurement is done by using the volume 2 taking the length that is cafellocardial and then api diameter and the width in the trans-sweep scan. So the length and api diameter taken in the sagittal scan and width in the trans-sweep scan and using the volume 2 you will get the volume and the residue urine normally is taken to be 20 to 30 cc. Prostate measurement again using the volume 2 the length and api thickness in the sagittal scan and width in the trans-sweep scan and you get the volume normally is 20 to 30 cc. The size increases with age and when you want to study prostate and seminal vesicles in detail it has to be by trans rectal ultrasound. So this is the female sagittal sweep from side to side you see the bladder and the uterus and the transverse sweep from above downwards you will see the bladder, uterus and the ovaries. So that is the sagittal sweep and the transverse sweep to see the entire volume of the bladder. Now coming to the ureter vesicle junction on either side you can see the ureter vesicle junction. Now you see the distal ureter and so obliquely to join the bladder. So to see the ureter vesicle junction you must see the distal most ureter by taking an oblique scan along this plane and when you do that so that should be the placement of the transducer to look at the ureter vesicle junction and you see the bladder the distal ureter and that is the ureter vesicle junction. Similarly when you put a color Doppler you can see the distal most ureter with the jet from the ureter vesicle junction which identifies the ureter vesicle junction then turn the probe for the left side ureter vesicle junction. So this is the technique for the ureter vesicle junction with color Doppler with color power anjo and color Doppler both. So you can see the collapse of the distal most ureter with the ureteric jet which is normal. So ureteric jet visualizing the ureter jet is useful in certain situations which we will be dealt with in the pathology lectures. Now coming to the trigon of the urinary bladder how to identify the trigon. So trigon is the triangular part of the base of the urinary bladder between the ureter vesicle junctions of both sides and the internal urethral meiasis. So this is the triangular area of the urinary bladder which has special tissue and special origin embryologically. So that is the trigon. So how to identify the trigon you identify the internal urethral meiasis in the main in the female and the ureter vesicle junction. So the area between the two and that is two ureter vesicle junctions and the internal urethral meiasis the triangular area is the trigon. Then urinary bladder besides sagittal and transverse scans and many situations a coronal scan or a high frequency scan are also necessary not to miss a diagnosis. So coronal scan high frequency scan using a high frequency linear proof helps us to see the anterior wall of the urinary bladder better. The coronal scan is done by placing the transducer in the right if suppose you want to see the left lateral wall of the bladder you have to put that probe in the right iliac fossa and parallel to the body and then make a sweep to look at the now this is the probe in the right iliac fossa the beam is almost coronal to see this part of the bladder left lateral wall of the bladder better and make an anterior posterior sweep so that you see the entire wall. So this is the video showing the same movement so from the right iliac fossa you make a coronal sweep so that you see here this will be the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder. So this is useful in certain situations I will show one illustration of this now this is a patient presenting with hematuria you see the sagittal scan transverse scan the urinary bladder is normal and the high frequency scan also shows that the anterior wall of the bladder is normal so here you see the coronal scan shows mass in the epsilon side so this is from the same side when you do a coronal scan you see the mass or you may see a mass here in the opposite wall so that is brought out only by a coronal scan but it is also brought out well with in a post void scan so post void scan is also important not only for residual urine some mass lesions or some pathology become obvious either on a coronal scan or in a post void scan or in some anterior wall lesions in the high frequency scan. Now one warning regarding the bladder in a female particularly now here this is a sagittal scan in a patient with acute suprapubic pain and you see the with suprapubic tenderness so this is a urinary bladder but here in transverse scan sagittal scan and transverse scan it looks like bladder but if you have a doubt because it is tender and you have a doubtful bladder here when you have a doubt repeat after some time or you catheterize and repeat the scan so that if it is bladder it would have emptied and you will think that this is a cyst and the clue here is the bladder the thin bladder seen here so when you have a doubt then you can repeat after some time where we see the increase in volume of the bladder or catheterize to empty the bladder and see so this is a transverse scan you see the bladder on either side better and this is actually a cyst it is not a urinary bladder and cyst ovarian cyst which is resulted in torsion now individual scan in a lady and a trans rectal scan in unmarried women and males can be used to our advantage to look at the distal most part of the ureter but it is not seen well on abnormal scan and you can identify by the ureteravisical junction by the jet also so here you see the individual scan and you see the ureter distal most ureter and which is slightly dilated and you see the calculus better seen by individual scan or trans rectal scan and here another example of a dilated slightly dilated distal most ureter the obstruction is due to a soft tissue mass in diabetic patient it is a sloughed papilla causing obstruction in the lower ureter so that is well seen by either individual scan or breast another example of a lower ureteric stricture you see the dilated ureter and the narrowing smooth narrowing of the distal most ureter indicating a stricture whereas here you see the dilated ureter and you see an irregular mass filling the distal most ureter indicating that it is a lower ureteric tumor carcinoma now individual scan or trans rectal scan can also be used to evaluate the base of the bladder and in here three examples of carcinoma of urinary bladder you can look for the infiltration of the serosa here it is not infiltrated here it is infiltrated I mean infiltration of the mural infiltration which is seen here and here but still the serosa is intact here if there is a serosome involvement that will be seen better so level of innovation of tumor can be better assessed by either individual scan or a trans rectal scan another example you see the endometriosis of the LSCS car in involving the urinary bladder at the interface which is better seen by individual scan you see the uterus and bladder and you see the irregular mass at the level of LSCS car with loss of interface between the uterus and the bladder and actually irregular mass protruding into the bladder giving a diagnosis of endometriosis of the urinary bladder now then coming to the perineal scan now before going for the perineal scan the wall of the urinary bladder thickness can be assessed when a partially or a moderately full urinary bladder where we have to measure the volume of the urinary bladder it should be around 150 cc at that time you measure the bladder wall thickness it should maximum it should be two to three millimeters then coming to the perineal scan to study the urethra so this is the schematic of the pelvis and perineum in a female so when you place the probe here and do a scan the scan will be like this so that is the probe and you see the pubic symphysis and you see the bladder and the urethra so that is the bladder and the urethra and then you see the vagina so that is the vagina and this is the rectum so that is in a child and in an adult you see the pubic symphysis and you see the urethra it's an ecopore structure just beneath the pubic symphysis from the urinary bladder and the vagina the mucus in the vagina gives it an ecogenic appearance with a copore walls and finally the anal canal so this is the normal appearance of perineal scan of urethra and vagina in a female and here some examples of abnormalities so this is the urethra and adjacent you see a cystic area urethral diverticulum and approximate urethral diverticulum filled with milk of calcium as seen here as an ecogenic mass and peri urethral abscess is seen that is the urethra and this is the vagina in between you see a tender fluid collection with enhancement so that is a peri urethral abscess and we can do a 3d to look at how far the peri urethral abscess encircles the urethra now this is a perineal scan in a female with stress incontinence and you can see the scan at rest and with valsalva you see that the bladder generates collapses into the vagina that is a sister seal and this is the video showing the collapse of the bladder into the vagina so that is a sister seal and there is a rotatory descent of the urethra so this is assessment of pelvic floor is a separate lecture so perineal scan in the urethra in a male so that is how you place the probe and so the image will be like this it will be returned like this where you will see the pubic symphysis bladder the posterior urethra and the anterior urethra so that is the posterior urethra anterior urethra in a child and here you see the bladder and you see the structures that is the pubic symphysis bladder the rectum the urethra the posterior and the penile urethra marked in the image and you can actually do the sonographic mixed urethra and you will see the bladder contracting and you see the urethra being filled with urine distended with the fluid which is seen on ultrasound so this is sonographic mixed urethra which is useful in the diagnosis of posterior and anterior urethral valves that we will see in the abnormal section the penile urethra also can be seen by high frequency scan now this is the scan of the penis from the dorsal aspect you see the corpus spondiosum here so the urethra will be in the corpus spondiosum this is the axial scan of the penis these are the two corporeal cavernosa and the single corpus spondiosum on the ventral aspect the urethra will be within the corpus spondiosum we can do turn the from the ventral aspect also we will see that now this is a patient with dysuria and bladder and urinary tract was normal and when you do because of the severe dysuria scan of the penis from the ventral aspect you see the corpus spondiosum with the urethra and in the urethra you see a calculus impact in there which was the cause of dysuria so there is a calculus in the penile urethra the scan is done from the ventral aspect now this is a patient represented with again dysuria and hematuria and here you see a linear echogenic lesion from the bladder it enters the urethra and that is the transverse scan and when you do a scan of the penis you see the linear echogenic structure in the urethra so that is the darsal scan you see the lesion and this is the axial scan this is the corpus spondiosum inside you see the lesion this was a foreign body it was a blade of a leaf of a plant which was introduced by the patient himself that is a foreign body. Penile urethra can also be studied by gel urethragram distending it with gel so we place the nozzle of the lubricating gel on the antiretral meatus and then squeeze the tube so that the gel will enter the urethra and distend it this is a normal urethra so that is the lumen and you see the walls seen very well and this is the longitudinal scan and the axial scan you can see the video showing the procedure you see the gel moving and distending the urethra so very well seen so what are the pathologies we can pick up you can pick up a stricture that is the urethra and you see the narrowing with the wall thickening that is the stricture of the urethra as seen on the retrograde urethragram on x-ray and here this is the patient who had total cystectomy for carcinoma of the urinary bladder presented later with urethra bleeding and the gel urethragram shows the distended urethra and an irregular mass from the ventral wall of the urethra in which a color showed flow indicating that it is a recurrent tumor in the urethra. Another case of urethra bleeding that is the tarcell scan the two copper covenosa and the corpus pongeosum in the place of urethra you see multiple cystic areas in the axial scan in the longitudinal scan again you see linear tubular structures which on jelly urethragram again ventral scan confirms the same which on color showed flow indicating that it is a hemangioma the same which on jelly urethragram is better seen you see the urethra and you see the hemangioma of the balls so this is a hemangioma of the pineal urethra which has resulted in urethra bleeding thank you for your attention


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