Hello everyone. I'm very happy to have you here. Welcome to the last session before the closing ceremony of wikimaniya 2022 I'm super excited to be here. Super happy to have you all here Even though I have no idea who you are because I don't see anything face to the virtual event Um, we want to talk about wiki functions I will give a very short introductions into wiki functions before I let my team talk about it. I have a few fantastic speakers who will talk about different aspects of wiki functions And then we'll go to a Q&A sessions at the end What is wiki functions? wiki functions will be a new project of the wikimaniya movement the first one in almost a decade to start We it's a wiki for functions and functions can do things like Calculate things Add information to existing data and so on so To give examples of functions is for example given a date of birth you can calculate The age of a person or given Population and an area you can calculate density of the Of the place and so on and all these things can then also be used in the wikipedia And kept up to date for example based on data and wiki data So we can draw the population directly from wiki data Make a calculation on it and display that and the wikipedia This way we can keep more information more data up to date And share it also across the different language editions of wikipedia So um you can call those functions instead from the wiki you will be able to call those functions instead of the wikipedia So the other wikimaniya projects you will call those be able to call these functions in other modalities like just wiki functions directly itself Our plan is to keep working on it. We just launched our beta version We're not there yet to really Kick off and launch wiki functions there. We'll do it when we're ready. I hope this will happen in the not too far future but I don't want to commit on a date, but Just make sure that we are getting a suitable point where we are Satisfying with the products that you can launch. We will start launch with a small product just as we did with wiki data A decade ago. So it won't have all the functionalities yet But we rather will grow then over the months and years to add more functionalities and to allow for more Possibilities of wiki functions, so we will start with a very minimal project It won't be integratable into wikipedia yet it um and all of this but It will show it will show you the first direction of where we're going to go One of the main goals of wiki functions is to also provide functions that generate natural language text that natural language text is then um Meant to be a Foundation a baseline of knowledge that will be available in all the different languages of Of the wikipedia's so that we can write an article in an abstract rotation this is better with abstract wikipedia comes from abstracting from a natural language And translating it into natural languages furos functions wiki functions and make it available in the 300 or more languages that wikipedia supports So this is the rough idea. This is still at the go. Um, I'm very happy now to Let the team members speak on certain aspects of it functions. I'll see you there after that for q&a If you can roll the video, please. Thank you Hi, everyone. I'm james forester. I'm the lead engineer for abstract wikipedia team working on wiki functions I've been a staff member for 10 years and a volunteer for 20 years on the wikipedia projects And I've been working on abstract wikipedia since we started in 2020 so An overview of the technology is that we've kind of split the code into two parts There is the bit that you interact with directly that Displays your functions your test cases your implementations and your discussions about whether this is Hi, everyone. I'm james forester. I'm the lead engineer for abstract wikipedia team working on wiki functions I've been a staff member for 10 years and a volunteer for 20 years on the wiki media projects And I've been working on abstract wikipedia since we started in 2020 so An overview of the technology is that we've kind of split the code into two parts There is the bit that you interact with directly that displays your functions your test cases your implementations and your discussions about whether this is a good idea Your community forum all that stuff all of that's in media wiki all of that is Hopefully as familiar as possible within the confines of it being a totally new form of content for community members to be working on And then on the back end we have services that actually take your code and run it based on requests so the front end is media wiki extension wiki lambda which was The first kind of code name for the the project before wiki functions was community picked as as the project name The wiki lambda code is media wiki extension So the the content is stored as jason inside media wiki. You can view edit interact with the content, you know look at diffs write abuse filters All that on media wiki in the normal way The actual kind of front end is written in view js Which gives you a very rich experience for doing complicated things like creating a new input of a particular type that is live created every time you input a content and setting a label for it in 12 different languages out of the 500 or 2000 that we potentially support Then on the back end We have two services One of them the function orchestrator, which is kind of user facing potentially and uh, it's where you can request hey, I'd like the Function to use this piece of data from i'm james farrester. I'm the lead engineer for abstract liquidity working on wiki functions I've been Runs through that to that wall to have some serializers and deserializers in in certain cases for depending on your content type And then pass that all the way back up stack that way you You're not running user written code on the same service that have access to the databases and things like that Um, so there's kind of separation of concerns, but also that's kind of our general set I'm a designer on the abstract team currently working on wiki functions And today I would like to share with you a small update on how we're approaching design functions And for the purpose of this update We're gonna look at some of the objects that are currently available on wiki functions And how the display and how the visualization of this object is going to change Following a new design language so for example, we're going to look at this mushroom object and from wiki functions objects they usually have A custom way to be visualized But it can happen that certain objects don't have like a custom component To be visualized so they're going to fold back to a default component So everything that you see here in this dash line is a default component Sorry Visualized so they're going to fold back to a default component So everything that you see here in this dash line Is a default component because in this case this object doesn't have So I'm trying to screen share again now instead of link But it doesn't allow me to custom component to be used for its display And so we can see that this object mushroom object has type has an identity Has different keys or you know, we could call them attributes or properties Like it has family it has a species it has a genus And also the creator of this object decided also to add a list of common names And then here on the right. We see another object, which is This mushroom type of mushroom Caldor Vista subsculpta And here you can see that the creator used the previously the previously defined object to visualize Or to define what is the family what are the species and what's the genus and what are some common names and I apologize for what you see here It's currently about we're working on it, but imagine that you can see a list of common names And so the way we we are approaching this Is the following so what we're trying to do is to reduce the amount of information content available When you land on an object page to its essence and basically display Just an overview of the information and then let editors, you know go deeper only if they want to So the concept that we're trying to leverage is the progressive disclosure of information through interaction So basically every action of an editor is going to disclose information Their own request and here for example, you could see our object mushroom And so at a glance you can see the type the identity The validator and you can see that also has like four items for properties Here you see this Calvorista mushroom using the previously defined object and you can immediately see at a glance What's its family the species the genus some of its common names and here on the right You could see another object that might use another type in this case is a type calming and it's using And it's defining the title and the outdoor in this case And so to go a little bit deeper on what we mean with progressive disclosure on information So it's basically this What you see here is a potential flow for navigating this information So let's say you go to this mushroom object page and you touch or you click if you're on a mouse input or a drop by input device this Row keys it would open and we will display what are the keys that are currently available in this object And then if you would touch or click on a specific key again, you would go a little deeper and you could navigate You know, what's the belly tie? What's the kitty? What's the genus? And as you can see there's also the language icon And that's because you could access Potentially available translations for the specific keys and in the scenario where A key is not available in the same language as the language you are that you have set You're going to see a full-back language based on your own preferences or you know navigation history with a dedicated language tag Signaling that is a full-back language. So this is how we're approaching design and How we are thinking about, you know, organizing information with functions We'd love to hear your feedbacks on your phone and thank you very much for your attention Hi, my name is Hanoja Galata and I'm a staff software engineer in the AFSA Wikipedia team My colleague James already gave you a nice introduction on the architecture of the functions But I wanted to go a little bit in depth into the persistent flavor and the content model I want to do this because this ultimately will allow the functions to be a wiki and to collaborate edit create Objects, but it also is what adds Very big vulnerability. Ultimately the functions are user contributed code that will be run in our service. So that makes it very important Now, I'm sure you're familiar with the high default content model of Wikipedia, which is called wiki text In the case of the functions the content model is from said object So media wiki offers Rates tools and abstractions to handle this kind of difference We do this just as a very very brief technical overview by Setting the configuration to say which is the class that is going to be handling this content And this class is in charge of creating object content But but it's also in charge of Making transformation from one one way to the other. So for example When when we're reading stuff from the database and we're sending it to the browser Who will modify that content in order to make it readable to the user and create the UI but also when we Send data from the front and also from the API is to to save it in the values We'll do validations and transformations and make sure that this this data is secure So what is called content objects from the point of view of the function model is what we call persistent object or set to Now as an object content is just the json file, but this is really heavy structured And this is an example of it Persistent object. It just adds a layer a wrapper around the actual object that we're saving So that we can save metadata. This metadata is for example An internal identifier or a page name. This identifier is extremely Important to keep unedited. So this needs to be remained completely locked and secured once it is created I would say that this is our current state right now when saving as an object the id cannot be changed It's completely forbidden. Uh, and also there's a set of additional validity checks Like for example, it should be a valid json or it should be a valid zero But there is a bunch of other things that need to be checks while saving for example this other Third piece of metadata, which is multilingual identifiers labels and aliases This is free to anyone to edit to add new labels in new languages But the actual content as it took it to Which is what contains the or the function or the type this Should be protected in certain aspects some pieces of it Should not be edited and some pieces of it are open for edit Now to illustrate what we are going to be working on in the next Month I wanted to create this really silly example for hyper eyes This is a function that transforms asha Wikipedia into a hacker language word It's very simple Now when I when I do an edit what what I'm sending to the back end is this whole json file with number of changes All of these changes will be done using a UI so that the user doesn't have to confront this kind of z object language Um, but what the back end is receiving is this this json file and the back end needs to understand what's going on What changes are happening and whether those changes are allowed or not So as I said before changing the object ID is completely forbidden. This is fine Uh, and if I add a new label to the function, this is completely allowed that anyone is welcome to add Labels and aliases to this function now. There's four other edits going on on the content block What happens with them? There's changes like for example changing the argument key that should also be completely forbidden. So if I change The way that an argument is internally referenced every function Call that is calling this function will be broken. So this is something that needs to be detected and completely forbidden but then there's other changes like adding a new label to the to the Arguments instead of like only having one english label will have to That is open to every user to contribute There's other changes for example, like adding a function tester or adding a function Function allowed, but they're only allowed to Privilege users uses that know which testers and which implementations are safe and are okay after reviewing um, so all this intricate understanding of the object that is being represented Finally, which changes are allowed and finding which changes require certain types of privileges Is something that we are going to be working in the next four months. I'm very excited about it I hope you are too. Um, and keep reading our newsletter because I'm sure we'll be talking a lot about this Thanks a lot We can be dating and I'm going to talk a little bit about wiki functions and how it makes use of a tool called codex So hopefully you've seen some of the videos from my colleagues that talk a little bit about what wiki functions is and how it works Uh, but for the purposes of this it is basically, uh, the ui or the front end That allows you to interact with functions in the wiki media world So codex, uh, is a toolkit for building user interfaces within the wiki media design system I'm reading this from the screenshot for their documentation. Um, and so it basically contains both the design pieces of You know, this is how things should generally look and feel. This is how interactivity should generally work but also, um relevant for, uh, for developing the front end it has an actual view three components Uh, and so you can see on the left hand side where this red box is a list of some of the components that Codex provides for us And so I like to think of this as things that I might see on any web page That's not super relevant to the functionality of that specific web page So a button a checkbox an icon things like that And so it's really nice about using this library from a developer's perspective It means that we don't need to write and maintain the code for something that's going to look nearly identical to that of um Another wiki media extension or something like that. Um, and it also means from the wiki media perspective That all of the different wiki media products will look and feel very similar So even if you're new to wiki functions, you don't really know a ton about it. There should be a lot of um Interactions and visuals that that are familiar to anyone who has used something like wiki media for example So this is an example, uh from wiki functions So what we're looking at here on the left side is a screenshot from the function page So I'm viewing a function that's called echo. Um, and what I'm viewing on the right side is a developer tool, which is a view extension to the current browser and so The part that I've highlighted in red is a codex component called tabs Tab container and then the about is one tab and the details is another tab And so just to kind of reiterate uh, what I said earlier What's nice about this is I can grab that component from codex And then I actually only have to worry about the parts below which are very specific to wiki functions Whereas the way tabs work is not necessarily Um, kind of what makes wiki functions special. And so that part I can sort of abstract away from my application um, and so what I'm looking out on the right hand side is Uh, sort of like an under the covers. Here's how that actually breaks down into individual view components Uh for anyone who's familiar with view Uh, so what I have here, uh, the cdx stands for codex. So you can see I have this function viewer That's my component that I'm serving. Uh, and then that pulls in the cdx tabs component cdx button component, uh, and then the individual tab And then from there I can say uh to to the codex component. Hey, I want these tabs to be called about in details And I just want you to route me when when they click about I want them to route me here And when they click details, I want I want you to route me here and Codex sort of out of the box will say okay. This is you know, this is the line that we have This is the color that it changes to be all of that cool stuff And so this uh is just Even one layer more under the covers a little bit about what the actual code base looks like This is part of the wiki functions code base, which is available online Um, and so this piece here on the left hand side is html And so um on the right hand side in this little box You can see how you might actually use codex in in an application You set it up as a dependency and then you do something like require quote at wicked media slash codex Dot name of the component you want so we just looked at tabs and so I have tabs which is like I want to have a place where lots of tabs will be and then the individual tab And so then once I've done this, uh, I can go back to the left hand side and I can use it Like I would any other html component It has particular props that are relevant to it like the names of the tabs Um and stuff like that all of which is available on the documentation page But for my purposes it works just like any kind of out of the box html component So that's a little look at, uh, how wiki functions is leveraging some of the cool stuff that, um, the foundation has to kind of offer and uh Yes, hopefully you enjoy Hi, my name is Cory Massarro. I'm part of the epshode Wikipedia team Uh, I'm here because I'm interested in language and like probably all of us the democratization knowledge I'd like to present a little bit on a topic that's come up A few times with respect to abstract Wikipedia and that's basically a set of questions around belonging diversity equity and inclusion um this these questions generally take the form of Uh, how do we make sure that when abstract Wikipedia is is launched And we're generating articles and a whole bunch of languages Um, the perspective that's being represented, uh, is as diverse And inclusive and equitable as the set of languages we support Um, and there are real challenges to that. Uh, these are known challenges and we've been discussed before Right now we don't have answers Uh If I said we did have answers you should be worried because that would be a reflection of the same problematic dynamic Trying to resolve here. Uh, but hopefully we're asking good questions Um, I recently had the opportunity to do an international arts residency and while I was there I got to speak with people from a number of different linguistic backgrounds Uh Many of them spoke all of them spoke at least one hegemonic language But many spoke languages that we would consider under resourced Within the Wikipedia with a Wikipedia project. So This is just a lot of ideas. Uh, how can we use abstract Wikipedia in the future? It also let me with questions, uh, to ask And pointed me toward Where different aspects of inclusion intersect So ultimately I'm hopeful that, uh, we can cultivate partnerships and conversations Around these questions within even broader set of communities So one thing that came up was about the neutrality of facts When I asked people what they would like to share on something on a platform like abstract Wikipedia People would say things that generally related to where they came from places where they lived and This is a little bit challenging because if A place where you where you've lived Um has a particular tree or bird that is not threatened For example because of a war or this the place itself, uh has been Inalterably Terror formed because of war. Uh, you're automatically getting into a political territory. Um, and so It's it's difficult to get the knowledge democratization right Because we want to think that Knowledge can be neutral and it can be objective, but often that's not the case But really these conversations excited me. It means there's a lot to learn about the world and I wouldn't have learned any of this interesting stuff Often sad stuff but interesting stuff without talking to people whose experiences are vastly different from my own. Um, so this Makes me really excited about abstract Wikipedia. It means um You know, what can abstract Wikipedia do it can Expand access to historically under resource languages. That's what we often say it's going to do But it can also amplify the voices of those languages speakers. Um Selfishly I want to read and hear more of these kinds of stories. Um, I want to have my own perspective complicated and I can maybe do that if I have a system like abstract Wikipedia that lets me read In one of my languages stories and perspectives on knowledge that come from people who do not speak my languages um So I felt that was interesting. Uh, another thing that came up was Uh, a set of questions I had around how people interact with technology So a lot of the ways people responded to this were pretty expected, you know Um, it's easier or harder to use software in one language or another If you speak a hegemonic language, obviously the internet opens up greatly. Um But then I also had some conversations that ended up being about literacy And this is really fascinating because I talked to people who were clearly fluent in literate in multiple languages uh multiple hegemonic languages usually but, uh, they also had a language they spoke at home or among friends and Didn't read that language um in particular and that people who spoke, uh, grumanji a Kurdish dialect and Uh, you know, they'd say things like yeah when we're talking with our friends, you know That's all fine and when we exchange text messages, we send like voice messages. We don't send text Uh, we even looked at some online corpora of poetry and It was really hard to read it But like if somebody sat there and sounded it out everybody else could hear it So that was a really interesting thing to witness. Um So when I think about how abstract Wikipedia has generally been conceived as a text-based project, um I'm I'm reminded always that there's and there's It's time to restart a video for some music last Made me hopeful even though it kind of raises the bar on Maybe what we should hope to be able to do with abstract Wikipedia Um, that's my piece. I hope you found it interesting and that we can talk about this Uh, I'm sure there'll be some contact information shared somehow after this. So please reach out I'm a real good man a Google org fellow for abstract Wikipedia working in the natural language generation In the previous video my colleague Cory raised an important question How do we foster an equitable and diverse abstract Wikipedia? A partial answer lies in the following We should foster an inclusive and diverse contributor base For abstract Wikipedia Especially among contributors from low resource language communities This means in particular that we should cater for occasional contributors Or contributors who lack programming skills of formal linguistic knowledge Of course the same time you also want to encourage contributors who want to get more involved for those who have more technical or linguistic skills What does this mean in the context of energy that is natural language generation? This means that the creation of basic natural language renderers a key component of abstract Wikipedia Should be as easy as possible not requiring a lengthy training Well at the same time handling complex linguistic phenomena should be made possible for advance This can be achieved by modeling renderers using templates Templates have been used for a long while within the field of energy In the simplest form templates can be sort of as text interspersed with placeholders or slots Let's look at an example In Wikipedia we can find some information about Mary Cooley such as her date and placeholders An occasional contributor could write a simple template to render this data such as the following Person who was born on date of birth in place of birth When we fill the placeholders with the content from Wikipedia we get a sentence such as Mary Cooley was born on the 7th of november 1867 in Warsaw At this point you may want to tell me come on this doesn't even work correctly for english As even the proposition may change in front of certain place names as the example here shows In other languages which regularly exhibit phenomena such as verbal agreement or case assignment Such an approach might not even work for the simplest cases And indeed you are right For this reason we enhance the template language syntax with a dependency grammar annotations Dependency grammar is a linguistic formalism used for describing sentence action Which can model phenomena such as agreement or case assignment Our idea is that advanced contributors will be able to correct or enhance simplistic templates With the right annotations in order to get grammatical output Just as seasoned micropedians may correct or enhance contribution of occasional contributors In the example here you can see that the french template is augmented with Subject and mode labels Which will instruct a renderer to enforce subject verbal agreement This permits rendering the sentence Marie Curie and Ne The 7th of november 1867 in Warsaw With the correct feminine form of the participle Ne If you are interested in more details, you are welcome to read and discuss our proposal on meta-wiki Stay tuned as well for the upcoming apps of Wikipedia newsletters Which will discuss this proposal. Thank you Look at our software engineer fellow working with the abstract Wikipedia team on the wiki functions project I will be presenting the work we are doing on the semantics of wiki functions First of all, what is semantics? In programming language theory Semantics describes how programs should be executed in a particular language One way to do that is to describe the relationship between the input and output of a program For example, we can convert temperatures in celsius to temperatures in Fahrenheit using this function Take the temperature in celsius Multiply it by 9 divide by 5 and add 32 Here is how the evaluation could look like for the temperature of the human body Here I highlight in each step the part of the program that the evaluation is focusing on First, we replace the function by its definition and substitute the input value of 37 which gives the second line Then we multiply by 37, sorry we multiply 37 by 9 over 5 which gives 66.6 And finally we add 32 which reduces the result 98.6 We have to be careful in the order in which we do the operations Everyone knows it will be wrong to add 32 before multiplying by 9 over 5 That would give an incorrect result This is exactly what semantics is about By defining precisely evaluation rules for the language We can describe how programs should be evaluated in a correct and unambiguous way Semantics is not limited to evaluation order It also describes how variables should be handled and substituted Which terms are considered valid and which ones should produce errors and more As you may imagine In wiki functions, this can get quite complex Not only can we define functions in a native language like javascript or python But we can also define them by composition Using other functions as building blocks And each of those other functions can themselves be defined then anyway In javascript In python Or by composition that even built-ins We need to carefully orchestrate the evaluation of all these functions in order to get the correct result By being rigorous in our definition of the function model and its semantics We can give a precise meaning to all of this And provide a clear definition to which we can refer to Here is a preview of the evaluation rules we are working on written in mathematical notation This work is still in progress But it has already allowed us to find and correct Ambiguities in our model and bugs in our implementation Thanks for your attention and we look forward to your questions Hello all again The video is also available in comments and can be viewed there before the translation yet And sorry for the technical issues that happened at the beginning of the video and in the middle of it So we have no time for q and a where I still have 67 minutes available And I see a few questions already there One was where can I get the wiki functions flag? and The answer is that once we launch we will we will make sure that we set up the usual wiki media merchandising machine And we will have all the usual merge freaky functions if our logo so The team got an early Version of this and I'm very happy to to have it here. Thanks to the community for the logo It's it's really growing on us Second question, maybe have a large language model similar to lambda and others This one Thing where we're very different in large language models So in wiki functions, we use functions to generate natural language text, which means we're using Um Basically rule based systems that say okay if you see this do this and so on created all by Human developers based on the data in wiki data for like so graphical entries we are not Using a large language model in the background Which is machine learned and which is doing this automatically The main reason for that is that those language models are not as editable One main Feature of a wiki media project is that the contributors when the cms take Should be able to click on the right edit button fix it mistake and see it being fixed This is something we don't know how to do with language with large automatic language models yet. This is why we're using this currently quite Out of fashion approach of a rule based natural language generation system And we are building on decades of knowledge in this area in in order to to make this happen, but this means We will not We will not be providing our language model like this It also It also means it's not really something that the wiki media foundation would be best poised to do Because the text that we have available Well, it's either wikipedia's and those are Not really large enough for the kind of large language models that are currently Out there where they usually take the whole web and other sources in order to build them Be created by google or deep mind or facebook Or apple they're always building on a much larger corpus the just wikipedia's so All of this doesn't really put us in the place Where we could provide our language model of our own There are Open organizations working on these kinds of things and we support the work and we there are ideas of how to use language models even within the abstract wikipedia for example to Truth between two equally Well-looking alternatives and similar things are to check whether text makes sense and so on but it's not on our Main route for the beginning those things will probably be added later as we go on next question I've just found out that labels of object properties like set 10024 mushroom can be translated however I try to do the same if set for type or set to a persistent object Their product their properties are not translatable Using the normal edit interface at a cortex probably is going to be translatable too So yes, they will be translatable. Um, they will not be entirely editable But they it should be possible to add translations to them. They are still working on the right rights model and on the right Use the same for so this is not implemented yet. Um, and this is why you can't do it yet on the better Properly, but eventually Yes, it will be possible to add an edit labels on the core models But you won't be able to change the core model. Um, unless you have the The right rights, which will be quite locked down because a change to the core model can cause a lot of issues So How is your time plan holding up still launching this year? Well, the original time plan was to launch last year So it's not so long. It's not holding up great. Um, no, um But things are different than uh, the river planning originally. So um I really hope that I don't want to make any promises. I really hope that the launch will Uh go forth in the not too far future Um, that we will see in the next few months the launch the Better that we started last week gives you an View where we are and you will be able to see how we progress to a place that we consider launchable It will also have a continuous discussion with with the community About what really needs to be in the launch, but what doesn't have to be and within the team as well So, um, I don't want and I and we never made really a promise about when we will launch um We will get out there when we're ready, but particularly with the Google.org fellows and um With the new people that are joining our team. I'm confident that the state, uh, won't be Slipped to be slipping too much into the future So I'd rather have you something to use and play with sooner than later and I think this is a shared, um sentiment on the team. So I'm I'm pretty confident that You'll have something to play with. Um Sooner than later, but again, I'm not making a promise. It's about the date I'm checking in If a pet that they have more questions coming in, um Just because I already have too many screens. So We're good to find. Oh, we're also at the end of the session time. Actually, I just seen so thanks everyone for being here We have monthly volunteer corner. So you can can come with more questions You can also read just on our mailing list and our telegram and irc chats So please feel ready to ask me more with more questions Um, and And to take a look at the video again Without a technical difficulty, I hope. So thanks everyone for being here. Thanks for the organizers for giving us the opportunity to talk And um, I'm very excited about, uh, how the next few months will look like Thanks everyone


This may sound crazy, but God told me who I would marry. The morning I met my wife, I said to a friend of mine, I don't know why I'm saying this, but today I'll meet the one I will marry. And I'll say, on January 1st, 2012, I met my wife. After I said that, we went on with the day, and later that night a friend of mine was having a birthday dinner. Sure enough, Jessica walked in. We had never met before, but I was immediately drawn to her. As we spoke, I could feel an inner witness, a confirmation from the Holy Spirit. There was definitely a strong connection, and she later told me that she had felt it too. Today, Jess and I are married and have a beautiful daughter. Now, your story will be different, but rest assured, God will help you find your spouse. The Holy Spirit will guide you. Don't forget to subscribe.


In the context of information dynamics, S-E, T-E, C-E and C-S-E were used to analyze the temporal evolution of coupled systems. Theoretical properties of these measures were discussed, including their existence and meaning. An approach was developed for computing information dynamics using the linear Gaussian approximation. These measures were then applied to cardiorespiratory dynamics data collected from healthy subjects, under different experimental conditions. By combining the measures, it was possible to identify the causal effects associated with the observed dynamics and to interpret how they changed, with varying experimental conditions. This article was authored by Luca Faiz, Alberto Porta and Gian Domenico Nallo.


Thanks for tuning in for another episode of brutal battle beer break The beer for today is by shorts brewing and they're out of elk rapids, Michigan If you'll remember, I actually did another one of these a bunch episodes back. You can check for it but this beer is called stash bender and There's really not a whole lot of information They're they're labeling as pretty bare bones. There's no like ABV or IB use or anything like that But as you can see fun label there. Oh, man, that man's rocking the hell of a mustache And he's got a party hat on it does say it was a double hop stash to celebrate ten years And then says I like that party hat So if you notice there's a there's a ten on that on the top of the if my hand's still enough There's a ten on the hat. So I guess ten years of brewing, which is pretty awesome for shorts I'm assuming since it says double Hop stash that it's basically a double IPA So let's try it out Definitely looks double IPA is very Dark red Dark reddish amber ish coloration to it Let's see how the not too much on the leasing although I did just wash this glass. So there may be a little bit of water in there so Hmm It's got a bit of a hey note to it Earthy piney-ness definitely coming through So I'm pretty resiny actually the more I sniff on it. This is pretty cold. So, you know Smells a little rye-ish as well Hmm It's got that kind of like spice that you get from from smelling rye It smells pretty good Tad bit of citrus in there with all those other notes Smells nice Okay Mouth feels a little bit more now is expecting it was gonna be it's a little more present on the tongue I was expecting it to be kind of a little closer to a watery Not totally watery, but a little more watery than it than it currently is it's got some Real kind of sticky presence to it that you almost have to chew just a little bit Hmm Hmm Lot of piney-ness lot of earthy notes a little bit of like spice in there from hops Tastes pretty good. That's a it's a pretty serious beer and actually this one was sent to me from Matt Harvey Thank you very much Matt Harvey friend out in Chicago. So yeah pretty good beer Definitely a double IPA and like I said, you know, there's no extra information. There also is no bottle Dating so short spruing could you get on it and Put the dates bottled on your beer So I know if I'm trying something that's like super fresh or something that's super old because if this is really old You know, maybe it didn't hold up the way that I would want it to or you know Maybe I just want to get it fresh put it in order to Matt and say hey send me a fresh one Like a month or two old because I'd like to try it more robust, but Tastes pretty solid if you like, you know, those very piney spicy earthy type notes with your double IPA's Mm-hmm. I'm gonna finish this sucker off everybody out there. Go ahead and get a beer man, and thanks for watching


Have you ever had that feeling when you've just watched a horror movie and you get up off the couch to turn some lights back on and you just can't shake the feeling that maybe there's someone or something lurking behind you the entire way to that light switch. That doesn't make me feel good. I'm hiding behind as many trees as I can find. The developers at CM Games found a way to take that bone-chilling feeling and turn it into a VR survival game that's based in a post-apocalyptic Russia. Not only am I being reminded of our extremely shady relations with Russia currently, which gives me anxiety, I am also terrified that the next time I look over my shoulder it will be my last. Freaking lit. Hi, how are you? That's not lit though. But even having said that, I can confidently confirm that Into the Radies is the most realistic, immersive, scary, and fun VR game that I've played this year. Time to do the sensible thing and hide in a bush really quick to heal. The textures are extremely high fidelity, the guns look very real, and the entire backpack slash looting system tricked me into recording about an hour's worth of video where I was literally just opening and closing various drawers, crates, and pretty much anything I could get my hands on. This game is stressful, dude. As for the actual enemies, I classify myself as a pretty sneaky guy, but I'll be damned I could tie pillows to the bottom of my feet, only used to suppress pistol and still get tracked down. There was a point where I was just chilling in the same house and had four different enemy types all strolling like they were just paying a visit to grandma or something. Literally like basically out of bolts again. Oh my god.  I mean, I love it, but I really hate it. Damn it. Red Boat gives you wings.  My preferred snack is anything in a can. You can take your sweet time peeling back that lid and then continue in to plunge your knife into it, savoring every second until that very last virtual bite. Damn, the food's pretty good in this game, actually. Delicious. And I haven't even mentioned the amount of weapons in this game will keep you money hungry for well over 15 to 20 hours, which is about how long it would take you to play through all of the in-game content. It took me about four hours to rack up enough money to buy the PPSH, and that is the coolest, cheapest gun you can get at security level three. This means that I have just barely scratched the surface of this game's massive selection of weapons. I would honestly give this game a 10 out of 10, dude, like for a VR game, this is everything that you want in a VR game, to be honest. It really is extremely immersive. The enemies are very, very cool.  But still, I mean, look at that. That's beautiful. That's gorgeous. I would literally buy this game just to do this, killing all the monsters and everything who needs it. I'll just be over here loading my armor piercing bullets in one by one. Beautiful. It wasn't until I had played about three hours straight I was beaten down. I was tired. Frankly, I was a little defeated after being killed so many times. I was walking home after a long virtual day and I heard my character yawn. Naturally, it made me yawn too. And it was in that moment that I noticed how little I had thought of the past day, week or even couple of years in real life. I was so immersed in this fictional world I found myself in. And I realized that I truly felt like I was leading an alternate life up until that point. Then it dawned on me. Isn't that the reason why we play these games? To for a second, forget about all of the hassles and worries of our everyday lives to escape for a moment, even if it may only be brief. Well, if we were scoring into the radius based solely on that criteria, I'd give it a solid 69 out of 10. You know what I say, young Italian. It's like I can have a fricking video game character yawn and I'm still gonna yawn. Into the radius genuinely makes me feel like I'm stranded in a post-apocalyptic wasteland, doomed to run around searching for artifacts, weapons, food and everything in between.  And it's absolutely exhilarating. This is an experience that is most certainly explosive to this game. I haven't found another VR game like it. If you know about another game that can make my heart race as quickly as that situation does, then leave it in the comment section and I'll make a video on it. Dude, my skills are OP. Ah, ouch! I spoke way too soon. Yes! Is this one it? Oh, whoa, that's bright. Look at this. We got a really nice haul from being honest.  And just as a cherry on top, the surge of dopamine that you get in this game after you've been lurking around the wasteland, scavenging for goodies to sell, just to come back home and sell all of it so you can buy that sick-ass gun you've had your eyes on is borderline addictive. I will restate. I've only gotten to security level three in this game and, oh buddy, the guns that you can buy once you get to security level four or five, that is when the fun really starts to happen. I myself have my heart set on the VSS, sniper rifle, so I can maintain maximum sneakiness. Oh my gosh, yes, yes!  To close out this video, I think Into the Radius is the best VR game I've played this year. It made me feel oh so good in all of the right places. I laughed, I screamed, I felt like a badass, and I even retreated underground into a bunker for about 15 minutes, just because I was so damn afraid of all the scary noises above me. I really hope you enjoyed watching this video. I really hope you laughed or at least smiled. And if you didn't, I hope I at least provided you with some good company while you were cleaning up the house or making yourself food or whatever. I hope you have an amazing rest of your day. Hey, hey, consider liking this video. Maybe you could even subscribe to my channel if you wanna see more of my stuff. Peace! Dude, I literally, was that a headshot? That was a neck shot. That was still pretty sick though.


So we're here at the Lincoln Technology Solutions and so hello, so who are you? I'm Dave Lincoln, I'm the founder of the company. So what are you showing here? So right here we have a 7000-nit display that's good for outdoor use, signage, vending machines, automotive, marine, avionics. 7000-nits? Yes. That's the brightest in the world. Correct, yes. You don't really need 7000-nits but just proving the point that you can back it down to maybe a more comfortable viewing experience like two to three thousand-nits but this will get as bright as you would ever want to see a panel. That's super bright. Yes and it's got the high color. We designed a custom boost board, custom LED solution, direct backlight situation going on here and everything was all custom built. We essentially just took a piece of glass and built the module all around it. So is it the kind of stuff your company is doing, a display? Yes, we do custom PCB design work in custom display solutions and oftentimes those two converge and become a product. LTS 7-inch? What is LTS? Lincoln technology solutions. All right.  So it kind of stuck. Like a new standard, like LTPS, one of those. All right, cool. So how long have you been at the SID display week? We've been here all week. And you've come before? Yes. To the show? Yes. As the display conference is pretty good, right? Yes, yes, yes. New stuff. Where are you based? I'm based in North Carolina.


Those suffering from severe mental illness have more than the right to exist or survive. They have a right to health care, housing and treatment. And above all, a right to hope. These offices are representative of how we're going to fulfill our commitment and promise of regaining the safety in our subway system. They are true New Yorkers and truly New York City Finers. Today I'll be signing into law five bills that continue to promote diversity within the FDNY. Diversity that reflects both the demographics and the spirit of our city. This is the Albanian capital of America. The largest representative of Albanian people are right here in New York City. It is because of communities like you that I am called the mayor of the city of New York. Thank you so much.


Good afternoon everyone and thank you for joining us for today's public safety briefing led by deputy mayor for public safety fill banks Following our last speaker. We will take a few questions from the media followed by some questions that have been submitted by the public ahead of today's briefing I would now like to turn it over to deputy mayor fill banks. Good afternoon and welcome We are here today to give an update on the ongoing air quality health condition as a result of the smoke that's coming from the wildflowers in Canada I'm joined here today by the New York City emergency management We refer to it as nice some commissioner Zachary is cool The Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Commissioner doctor for son And also the mayor's office of climate and environmental justice acting executive director Victoria Cervillo Conditions may appear to have improved Since early this week But does does not mean that we are in the clear particularly for sensitive groups and those groups includes adults children and teenagers People with lung diseases such as asthma heart disease diabetes and people who are active outdoors So it's a few things that we want to start with we want you to stay indoors as much as possible If you can stay indoors, we will like for you to stay indoors if you do need to be outside We ask that you mask up with the high quality and well-fitting in 95 or K 95 mass When you're inside your home keep the air cleaning by closing the doors and windows if possible and Certainly last without lease know your risk and your risk factors We need you to check on your loved ones your friends and your neighbors and with that we're gonna first hear from Mr.. Iskall Zachary. Yes, sir. What's going on? All right? Thank you, sir. Appreciate the time to be able to do this update and always great to be here with you and with Dr. Basson our fellow colleagues First off just want to start by saying, you know, we're with our Canadian neighbors to the north You know, we know how tough this is for them and we wish them all the best in their endeavors to fight these fires and We are thinking of them. I also just want to say excuse me How proud I am of our team not only at New York City emergency management, but across the city? My team in particular, we've been managing, you know, our respite center operations the migrant crisis asylum seekers We've been in a full-on activation now for over a month and the team has really done a remarkable job On this endeavor along with our agency partners Times like this The number one thing that we need to worry about for these types of events is protecting our city's most vulnerable And that's exactly what our city and our fellow agencies have been doing It started last Thursday on June 1st With some notifications that went out through notify NYC, which is the city's advanced warning system It's really important that everybody signs up for notify NYC. This is where we give you information on everything from traffic weather events Any types of information you need to know to keep yourself and your loved ones safe comes through notify NYC We have over a million subscribers It's available in 14 languages including American sign language You can sign up by going to 311 by downloading the app Or by going to NYC.gov Backslash notify so we started messaging about really, you know What people need to do recommendations and about sort of some issues with air quality going back to last Thursday Still this is something that's been very fast-moving very difficult to predict and Forecast air quality and smoke generally the forecast only goes 24 hours out and We didn't see any forecasting of the levels that we saw a couple days ago And yet still the city responded very quickly to protect our most vulnerable Doing expanded outreach through Department of Social Services with our homeless outreach teams This is similar to the stuff that we would do during what we call a code blue Which is what we do during winter weather or extreme cold weather or a code red, which is what we do during heat really making sure we're outreaching to Our most vulnerable and making sure that we're doing everything we can to protect our homeless We also had mayor's office in many affairs reaching out to immigrant communities reaching out to delivery workers making sure They had the information that they need MOPD Department of the Aging Doing their outreach in addition to all the hospital surveillance and EMS surveillance Of response times to make sure that again, we're protecting our city's most vulnerable In addition to that we are now distributing masks across hundreds of firehouses and precincts across the city And so I encourage everybody to to take advantage of that really important when we think about emergency preparedness We tell everybody to have a go bag, you know to be prepared You are your own first line of defense in an emergency One of the things that you really should have in your go bag is masks for yourself and your loved ones and your family members people living with you So now's an opportunity to do that. You can get them at your local precinct or firehouse In terms of where we are with the forecast Again, I always want to caveat this by saying Air quality and smoke are very very difficult to forecast With that said it looks like things are moving in the right direction Air quality is very very improved today Current visibility is unrestricted AQIs, which is the air quality index. You can see that on the screen right now is within 30 to 60 That's in the you know, generally the the green to moderate zone Meaning really in the higher ranges in the forecast today for as a high of a possible 105 That really means that the the only people that really need to be concerned and Dr. Visam will go into this a little bit more our people with specific conditions Through the weekend tonight, we are monitoring one plume on satellite imagery that could move back across the city tonight Nothing like what we saw the last couple of days. Hopefully again difficult to forecast and then looking for improvements throughout the weekend We then have a front moving in Monday Tuesday that should push everything out But again, this is the new normal in this era of climate change The fires are still raging across Canada And so we will continue to monitor this and make sure everybody has the information they need to keep themselves and their loved ones safe Again cannot emphasize this enough that starts with notify NYC So please make sure that you you download it you sign up for it or you call through on one to get it Thank you. Thank you commissioner. So let's let's go over. So the normal normal ear We're saying is when it's between Approximately 30 to 60 so that that's the that's where we are today in the city Normal is and doctor some what is normal in the city generally? Is it about? 50 for this time of year. We're normally between zero and 50 which would be in the green or healthy Levels though as you've said and we've said before it's not uncommon when you have a period of high temperature And not too many storms high heat to have a a day where they QIs above 100 for a day But typically it doesn't last long so now if you need a mask Right and we're suggesting that if you have we want you to stand indoors if you if possible But we know that that's not always possible if you do have to go out We want you to to stay with it in 95 or K 95 a well fitting mask If you need one we can go to a police Precinct or firehouse or firehouse to be able to to pick up a mask for yourself. Yes, sir They're correct. So now with this plume coming in and let's dispose of the schedule to come in win So we're looking at this possibly coming in sometime Later this evening overnight again very hard to predict it depends on the winds But we do see a smoke plume to the west further to the west Okay, okay, so just you know we want everyone to know that the ferries operating on normal schedule or City services are continuing with the exception of alternate side parking. I don't know if that's a city service But that will be suspended for today that has been suspended for today Beaches are open today and again, we will continue to monitor the situation But we do expect them to be open throughout the weekend Okay, so doc rehearse from you, but we need to go to a little more clarity So doc is the top doctor in the city and he's not going to be shoe. Thanks deputy mayor Good to be here with you this afternoon. I'm Ashwin boss in the New York City Health Commissioner here to give you the official health Guidance on my behalf and on behalf of the Department of Health Just want to clarify a little bit on Deputy mayor's comments and other previous comments about specific guidance to New Yorkers for today and for the coming days Over the weekend as we look outside as you can see the skies are clearing. This is good news The morning air quality index was in the mid 60s. That's down from 400 Plus just a few days ago. It's still a little higher than normal as I just said It's usually below 50 between 0 and 50 and we're typically at healthy levels We expect to get there as Commissioner Eskel said in the coming days Forecast suggests that this improved weather will continue, but the aqi could fluctuate over the weekend We do not expect it to reach hazardous levels though again Qualifying that with what Commissioner Eskel said. It's hard to predict what wins will do With all of these changes that means our guidance to New Yorkers changes Rather than encouraging everyone to stay indoors as much as possible We recommend limiting time outside and reducing activity levels if you are unusually sensitive to particle pollution What that means for New Yorkers is people with heart or breathing problems or older adults May be still sensitive to the current conditions in the air These people should limit time outdoors and should avoid prolonged and intense outdoor activities For all New Yorkers listen to your body if your eyes are watering or your throat is sore or you're out of breath Go inside if you can if you cannot go inside Please put on a high filtration mask and of course if you're really having trouble breathing If you're suffering chest pain if you're suffering a severe shortness of breath If you're feeling dizzy like you want to pass out, please call 911 for children and families children with asthma are especially sensitive to poor air quality and should still limit time Outdoors as a father of three young kids I expect to be outside this weekend But I'm going to check on how my children are feeling regularly Watching for watery eyes sore throats and shortness of breath and I'll bring them inside If they're showing any signs of this irritation parents and caregivers across our city should do the same for events Events can proceed as planned on public health grounds We'd recommend that New Yorkers as individuals gauge their own levels of risk and comfort with being outside If you have to be outside and you do fall into one of those high-risk categories Please wear a high filtration mask Those continue to be a useful tool if you want or need them and 95 masks are available For pickup at local police precincts and fire houses city-wide wearing a high quality mask Can reduce your exposure to harmful pollutants the clear air of course is a welcome change But we also know how quickly Conditions can deteriorate and wind can shift so please stay informed We have many tools to help our health department website nyc.gov Backslash health backslash air quality. You can follow us on Twitter Instagram and Facebook Sign up for notify nyc and follow the current air quality index at air now Gov we look forward to continuing to communicate with you in the days ahead should anything Change it's been an intense and a little bit scary week New Yorkers deserve a very pleasant weekend. Thank you Thank you, Don So make no mistake these wildfires wildfires are a climate issue Mayor Adams joined the mayors of Montreal Toronto Philadelphia and Washington DC today and issuing a call to action To governments at all levels to address the global climate crisis in the public health emergency Here in the city that work is handled by the mayor's office of climate and environmental justice And now I'd like to turn it over to the executive director Cirillo Thank You deputy mayor Good afternoon. I'm Vicki Cirillo acting director of the mayor's office of climate and environmental justice as We all know the poor air quality New Yorkers have experienced recently was the result of smoke from Canadian wildfires that spread to our region But those fires are a direct result of climate change Wildfires are getting more common around the world due to increased temperatures and drought This kind of thing has been happening in Brazil Indonesia and California now Canada Which has 9% of the world's forests? This year season in Canada has come early the intensity and number of fires are higher and Wildlife season is peaking earlier Unless we accelerate our efforts to combat climate change these fires and other extreme weather events will become more and more common One note that's extremely important to make this week's smoke Just like every other climate emergency to hit our city has the worst impacts on the most vulnerable as Dr. Vassan mentioned emergency room visits for asthma have increased in the past two days And we know that our city's biggest asthma clusters are close are located in areas that have borne the brunt of our city's pollution Those visits have now decreased, but the pre-existing conditions that lead to these disparate impacts remain The most important thing we can do is to continue our work to reduce our emissions So this problem doesn't keep getting worse To that end we're electrifying 100 schools by 2030 Focusing on areas that experience high childhood asthma hospitalizations We're phasing out dirty polluting number four fuel oil to 2025 in schools and 2027 in all buildings We are phasing out fossil fuels in city-owned buildings broadly and with local law 97 We are leading the nation in electrifying our buildings the city's largest source of emissions Because of the disparate impacts of air pollution We will be creating a low emissions freight zone in high pollution neighborhoods the first of its kind on the east coast We're cracking down on unlawful idling to reduce air pollution from truck traffic And we're helping New Yorkers that must drive to drive electric through creating a robust charging network New York City is leading the nation and the world in preparing our city for a warming changing world We will continue to focus our efforts on those most vulnerable to climate emergencies And we will build a more sustainable more resilient and more just New York for generations to come so now director you mentioned that Canada has what percentage of the of the world's Fossils nine percent nine percent But we have never experienced it in New York any of the the fires in Canada than now, right? So that is this could could this be a new norm for us as it relates to the fires in Canada As climate change is accelerating the conditions like drought that exacerbate wildfires. Yes You know for many New Yorkers we hear about the Firefights in California, and I know that you'd say wow you just you was well But now it's actually home and one of the ways in which we have to combat that is do information Intelligence and impact our information along so any of the points that you picked up here today That was used for valuable Please share it with someone who was not listening today And I certainly as important as anything you've heard today over the weekend As the doc said that he's going to be checking with his on his children Check on a neighbor check on a friend Give a call make sure we're all all right We can combat this if we combat it together and if we do not work together Then that road is going to be a very very steep uphill and I just like to to thank everyone here and don't you like that? Commissioner. Yeah, absolutely. I love that. Yeah, and you like that anything anything else? Okay Seeing as there's no hands raised in the chat. We will move to the public question portion So thank you earlier this week the administration reached out to new yorkers asking them to submit questions for the officials that have joined us here today We will now get to as many of those questions as we can with the amount of time that we have left Our first question comes from irina and queens for commissioner iskall. She asks Will there be strategies set in place to predict future poor air quality events? If so, how far in advance can we expect to see advisories? Um, it's a great question Um forecasting for air quality is notoriously difficult and not to over complicate this But there's also a difference between forecasting for smoke and forecasting for air quality Uh drivers of air quality, you know can be things like pollen other types of pollution Uh smoke is only one factor in this Uh, generally, uh, the forecasting is done by new york state's department of environmental conservation Uh, they put out their forecast every day for the next day and that forecasting for air quality really only goes out about 24 hours in advance It's my hope that we sort of get better at forecasting for air quality, but that's where the science is today Uh, there are some other Sort of ones that maybe go out 48 hours that you can watch, but I think as we saw this week Uh, monday's forecast for tuesday tuesday's forecast for wednesday were wildly off They were off by hundreds of points. Um, and I think that speaks to how difficult it is to do this um, and a lot of this is sort of Tracking at the day before Putting out the messaging Uh, and the day before if you see that it's it's the potential for poor air quality You know in the way that if you saw a potential for rain you take an umbrella Uh, take a mask out with you I believe dr. Basson already touched on this during his remarks, but we'll ask him to Reiterate it for synthia in queens who asks how do we keep our children elderly adults safe? How do we reduce our exposure and symptoms to pollutants? Yeah, it's a great question and I did address it. Um, if you have to be outside Wear a mask pay attention To the symptoms that your body might be feeling headache watery eyes itchy eyes itchy throat And really go indoors if you are feeling those symptoms If you are a vulnerable person if you have a medical comorbidity like Lung disease heart disease if you're at risk of stroke if your immune system is weak Um limit your time outside and certainly limit the amount of strenuous activity and for our kids Pay attention to how they're feeling watch ask them how they're feeling watch how they're feeling And if they show any signs of not feeling well, bring them indoors And limit their exposure the air quality is going to fluctuate, but it's not going to be anywhere as hazardous as it's been over Tuesday and wednesday Next question comes from sherlyn and queens for executive director cerulo Who asks have you tested the air quality in order to know exactly what type of chemicals and particles have been in the air? Sure, well our department of environmental protection and department of health Do very high quality air monitoring? We are aware of pm 2.5 Which is the harmful toxic pollutant? I think we've all experienced a Much higher magnitude for the last couple of days something that we monitor regularly And it's actually what we're why we're doing the work that we're doing to reduce emissions Not only does pm 2.5 Um get emitted through wildfires. It's transportation. It's our buildings And so our climate and environmental justice efforts to reduce emissions Um are part of that work, but I will pass it to dr. Fresson for more. Yeah, thank you for that pm 2.5 is essentially a measure of the size of these part Particulates in the air and that we know that at a particular size 2.5 or higher That can cause damage damage to your lungs damage to your mucus membranes damage to your heart and your internal organs and so that's why we track that as a Measurable indicator and of course smoke is a major source of pm 2.5 Quantity so our car exhausts building exhausts Which is why this city has led for years and in this administration as well on reducing building emissions car emissions and improving the quality of our air overall such that Ordinarily in june. We are at healthy levels of pm 2.5 in our air Our next question comes from walliam and hadden for dr. Bassan who asks it is a major event Is there any guidance or advice for attending the belmont stakes this weekend? Thanks. Um, yeah events are proceeding as planned. Um, two messages if you are worried About attending an event, but you still would like to attend Please wear a mask if you certainly if you're attending an event outdoors and you Um fall into one of those vulnerable categories.  That's primarily serving the elderly or primarily serving the disabled Think about whether you want to try to move that event indoors Or postpone it all together And our last question comes from Beatrice in the Bronx who asks For i'll ask this to the table for dr. Bassan As a person with chronic asthma While we can't predict the future as an expert. Do you believe that forecasts show? We will be able to return to work normally on monday Um, as commissioner iskill has said uh forecasting is a very difficult thing to do But if trajectories hold by the beginning of the week and with weather patterns, hopefully we're through all of this And people can return to their normal everyday lives. Look, i'm i'm an asthmatic too. I've had childhood asthma Um, I deal with it every day And this hasn't been super easy for me either Um, and so i'm concerned i'm wearing a mask if you're an asthmatic and you're worried about the air Wear a high filtration mask when you're outside And i would just add to that it and it's Beatrice in the Bronx. I do the questions from correct So to Beatrice and everybody else Please download it download or sign up for notify nyc Uh, you can go to 311. You can go to nyc.gov backslash or notify You can download the app But if we get to very significant hazardous conditions if the forecast changes That's going to be the primary way one of the primary ways that you can find that information You can also go to the health site. Uh, you can go to the air site As dr. Vasan said But uh, I would encourage you to sign up for that and that way you'd have the most up-to-date information to make That decision on monday. Thank you commissioner On behalf of the adams administration, I would like to thank everyone for tuning in to today's briefing We look forward to seeing you all at our next one. Have a great day


So when we had our class meeting, we came up with some different ways we can show that we are being respectful and kind. Some advice I would give to teachers at the beginning of the school year when creating your student rules as a classroom would be not only directing what you want the students to be doing or what they think they should be doing as rules and procedures, but also asking them what do you want as a teacher and letting them tell you a little bit more about what they think can help them learn the most. So I'm going to ask you to turn and talk when I say the magic word potato. You are going to turn and ask your partner a question. And so it's not always, you know, the teacher is the authority figure in the room, but also that balance, that mutual respect has to be there. Because if it's not, you can have issues as far as the teacher or the students having too much power and either you get a classroom that maybe is a little on the looser side and a teacher, you know, that might not be implementing the full SEL practices as more of the only authority figure in the room.