Okay, coordinate based graphics, this is how you might, how simple CPP lets you do things. Circle C1 200, 225, 225 will create a circle called C1 centered at 200, 225 with radius equal to 25. Okay, similarly you can create a rectangle if you wish called R1 centered at 200, 200 with width 50 and height 70. You are allowed to move around or rotate these objects, so if you say R1 dot right 45, then that rectangle will turn, okay, through its center. C1 dot move will cause that circle to move 10 steps to the right, 10 pixels to the right and 20 pixels above, okay. And an elementary, this is something like lecture four or something like that. An elementary graphical input facility is also provided. You can say int z equals get click, okay. What this does is it waits for the user to click on the screen. Then whatever coordinates x, y the user clicks at, 6553 times x plus y is sent back, so z gets that value. So if you want to know where the user has clicked, then you have to take that z and divide it by do integer division by 65536, that will get you the x coordinate, do modulus by z percent 65536, that will get you the y coordinate, okay. So basic clicking, basic graphical input has been established, okay. So at this point, reasonably interesting animations can be done. You can move around squares, circles, things like that. You can click, you can say, oh, I want that circle to come over here, all those things can be done, okay. So what are the educational goals? People are having fun, but we should also have some education going on, okay. So implicitly, we have introduced the constructor and members in tags. As you can see, this C1 of 200, this thing is just a call to a constructor. I'm not going to tell the students anything about constructor on the first day, okay. But I'm going to tell them that this is how you create a circle called C1, okay. I'm not going to tell them about constructors. Similarly, what is going on over here is dot right is just a member function call. I'm not going to tell them that this is a member function. I'm not going to tell them about objects or anything like that. They are focusing entirely on drawing things, making rectangles, moving them around, okay. But implicitly, they are learning. They are learning constructor syntax. They are learning dot notation and everything like that. Okay, now I want to talk about recursion because I think recursion is a really important idea in computer science and its counterpart, induction, is the most important idea perhaps in mathematics. So recursion and induction are among the most important ideas in computer science and mathematics, okay.  Well, a mathematical tree in the sense it doesn't look like a real tree. It's kind of a tree that we draw in computer science. So there is a branch, so there is a root, then two branches, two branches, and so on, okay.  You usually draw it from top, but that's okay, all right. So this, the tree has a natural recursive structure, yes. The left side is just a small tree, the right side is just a small tree, and the whole thing together is a big tree. So it has a natural recursive structure. So we can use this, the graphical, showing this graphically, will just be a mirror of this relationship, okay. I'm also going to, okay, so the recursion becomes visible, we'll see that in a minute. I will also draw something which looks like a realistic tree, okay. This again is drawn using recursion. Again, it has a very tiny, very simple looking program, but that simple looking program does some interesting magic, okay. So, okay, so let us, let me, let me go to that. Yeah, so, so I have slowed down this drawing. Otherwise it happens very fast and it doesn't tell you in what order things get drawn. But you noticed how it got drawn, right? The left side got drawn first. Even in the left side, okay, let's run it again. Maybe I should have slowed it down further. The left of the left gets drawn first, then the right of the left, and so on, okay. So let me show you the program, okay. So this is, so you see that the program fits in this, in this tiny, tiny screen. So it is, there is a, there is a recursive function which contains a weight. So one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, there is a recursive function and then there is a main program which is just three lines, okay. So that's what, that's what, that's how large the program is. I want to show you one more recursive program, okay. So, okay, so let me show it to you first. So the tree, you can see that the tree is fairly small. The tree function is just about this long, okay. And then the main is just this, okay. The main is also very small. So let me explain, let me execute this, okay. So this is also a recursive program, okay. But there is a little bit more going on. I'm cheating here. I'm doing, there are things going on here which I have not told you about, okay. So what is happening over here is that when I'm making a recursive call, I'm passing the turtle as a parameter. So that's why you're seeing many turtles over there, okay. And then the turtle is a graphical object. You can scale it down also. So some scaling is also going on there, okay. As a result, you get something like this. But this is, this is drawn by using that very short program, okay. So I'm not drawing one branch at a time, okay. It's just, just recursion at its sort of very, very exciting best, okay. Okay, so drawing a realistic tree we saw, okay. So now I want to talk about other uses of graphics. So the way this graphics has been implemented, you get the code by the way, okay. So you get the code, so you can see how the graphics has been implemented. Now when we are talking about inheritance during the course, we have to have some good examples. This graphic system itself is a good example, okay. So there is a superclass, there is sort of a base class called sprite, which contains all possible graphic subjects. Which is a superclass of all possible graphic subjects. Rectangle, circle, polygon are subclasses of sprite. Turtle itself is a subclass of polygon, okay. You can see that in the code that will be supplied to you. Like everything that happens in, like the usual where it happens with inheritance. The sprite will hold all attributes which are common to all the objects in all classes, okay. So for example, data members like where that sprite is to be drawn. Every sprite has to be drawn somewhere. So those coordinates will be present, okay. It is oriented in a certain manner. So that orientation will be a data member in the sprite class. Movement, every sprite can be moved, left, right, whatever. So all that is also a member function in the sprite class itself. However, the subclasses will hold information which is special to those classes. So for example, the rectangle needs to have some additional information. What additional information do you need to keep in order to be able to draw a rectangle? Can somebody tell me what additional information do you need? What information do you need in order to have a rectangle? Width and height you need. Position is already there. Position is already there in the sprite class. But in the rectangle class, you need the width and height, okay. So there will be data members width and height. But there is also a member function which will actually draw that rectangle. So this function will be different for every class. So there will be a different function for drawing a circle, okay. So this hierarchy, the inheritance hierarchy, there is a built-in example we have once we do this graphics. Okay, there are a few other uses of graphics. You can generate interesting examples. There is a formula layout example. There is an example of n body simulation, which I will talk about. Then in general, you can do visualization. And visualization I have found helps remove bugs. Because if there is a bug, then that will get seen in glorious detail, okay. All right, now I want to come to some traditional issues in introductory programming. So this is the same list, so let me just go over it, okay. So this is always a contrary when we teach introductory programming. What is the difference between algorithms and programs? Of course, we can give definitions, but operationally what is the difference? When I think of writing programs, I think of when I think of program design, I think of writing a program in which you basically know what needs to be done, okay. So if you are given pencil and paper, then you would be able to do all the calculations and you would be able to produce the result. That is what program design is. Algorithm design, on the other hand, is figuring out what needs to happen in order to solve that problem. What calculations do you need to do, okay. From time to time, people sort of mix these things up. People might say that, oh, I want to ask a difficult question in CS 101. And then they ask a program design question, I'm sorry, an algorithm design question, which in my opinion is not quite fair. I mean, that is not a part of the course. So you should ask questions which are parts of the course rather than questions outside. So the important point to be noted is that for introductory programming, the focus should be on program design rather than on algorithm design, okay. However, recursion I make an exception for. So recursion is an algorithm design technique which has to be understood, okay. Maybe not understanding how to design new algorithms, but even to a certain extent, because it's a new way of thinking and it's really fundamental, okay. So I have lots of examples of recursion in the book. One more thing that I have done is that although I'm saying that the focus is not algorithm design, it's something like this. If you are learning a new language, okay. Say you are learning French, okay. So learning French becomes more interesting if you sort of read some French literature, right. Otherwise you are just reading meanings and words. That's not very interesting. You have to learn, you have to read something interesting. So analogously I feel that when you are learning programming, even though you are not going to invent new algorithms, you should study some interesting algorithms, okay. So the book contains lots of interesting examples which have been explained, okay. So some of these I'm listing over here. There are several of those which I'm not listing, okay. And there also are some advanced chapters which are meant to excite the students to go further. And so they have just been just to vet their curiosity, okay. And coding many of these is left for exercises, but the explanation is in enough details so that people can actually write the programs once they understand what the algorithm is doing, okay. Should we teach object, how should we teach object-oriented programming? Many, there are, we did a survey of how programming is taught. And we found that there actually are people who teach object-oriented programming from day one. On the very first day they will introduce what is an object, what are member functions and things like that. But by and large that doesn't seem to be a good idea. I mean that seems to be a very tricky idea, okay. Because I think it is like putting the cart before the horse. I mean if you want to have object-oriented programming, then you have to understand member functions. Or you have to understand members. But how can you understand members without understanding simple variables? So there is a lot of difficulty. My philosophy is fairly simple. I pose problems, okay. I pose the simplest problem first and then make more and more complicated problems. And I teach whatever is needed to program to solve that problem. So in this course, eventually you will get to a point where yes, now object-oriented programming is needed. In my opinion, that is the point at which you should teach object-oriented programming, not earlier. Everything should be driven by this utility idea. Students should be able to see why we are doing things, okay. So there is a chapter on inheritance-based design. So inheritance is treated very, very seriously. There is a chapter on it. In fact, an application has been developed in an earlier chapter. And then that application I rewrite, okay, using inheritance. The new implementation is nicer in that it is easier to extend it, okay. And in fact, a non-trivial extension is actually worked out in the text, okay. Software engineering, I would like to make a few comments, okay. So first of all, writing the specs of a program must be stressed, okay. Many bugs come up because students start programming without fully understanding the problem. So it is really important to write down what is the input? What is the output? What are the conditions? What are the constraints between the input and output, okay? This is easy to say and very easy to forget, okay. I mean, we tend to think that, oh, I have understood the whole thing. But then we forget that there are these corner cases that we have not understood. And our students are like us. So writing things down is important and I have tried to stress that. And for the more difficult problems, I have tried to write down the specs to somewhat gory detail, okay. I think invariance and program proving are also important, okay. Not because I believe that every program should be completely proved correct before it is released out into the open. But because the basic skills are important, okay. You should know what it means to prove the correctness of a program, okay. So I have discussed this. I have discussed this with several examples and from time to time I have asked students to write down invariance. What do you think the value of this variable be at this point in the program? Okay, so things like that, reasoning about your own program is very important. And this is extremely important because I've seen students try out a few examples. And then they declare that, oh, I have a running program. I mean, these students have to be challenged and they have to be made more responsible. I also have a discussion about how to generate test cases. Nothing very, nothing very earth shaking. I mean, the usual thing, sort of try to make sure that all corner cases are covered. Use some random cases and things like that. But by putting a chapter in the book, I think students will do it more, more conscientiously, okay. So some of these things are things that we know but we don't always carry out. There is a discussion of libraries. String vector map are covered in reasonable depth. They're also developed from scratch, a baby version of the string class, okay. So this illustrates memory management and class design in general, okay. The priority class, the priority queue class is used and they're discussed also in the chapter on simulation. Okay, there are a few unusual topics that I discuss. In the 2011 standard of C++, a really nice idea, which was there earlier in the scheme and list and all such languages, called lambda expressions has been presented, okay. This is sort of an alternative to function pointers or function objects, which you might be knowing or you might even be knowing this, of course. But it makes several things very, very compact, okay. So I have given some prominence to this idea. I discuss in fair detail things like reference counting because the moment you step slightly outside the introductory arena, you should not have, you should be able to use memory properly. So there is an appendix which talks about reference counting. And there are some very nice language features already. C++11 again has some very nice language features for doing reference counting. I spent a fair amount of time on simulation, gravitational simulation, airport simulation. I also have a chapter where there is an example of Dijkstra's algorithm. So Dijkstra's algorithm can be viewed as a simulation of a real life system. So I discuss that real life system and I simulate it and as a byproduct of it, you get shortest path calculation, okay. So, okay, so I will do some of these demos. Okay, so plate design you have already seen, line fitting I will show you. Okay, so let me just go. Okay, so line fitting is probably something that you have done. Okay, so it asks me how many points I want, so I have given five points. Okay, and now I have the screen on which I'm supposed to click in five points. What has happened is it has fitted a line, the best possible line through these points to minimize root mean square error. Okay, I guess I have set it up so that it goes away very quickly. But anyway, the point is made, right? Okay, line fit, then I, yeah, so why am I doing this? Okay, so this is a programming exercise. As far as it's math is concerned, it's a fairly straightforward piece of mathematics. But the point is that this example, this programming exercise, becomes much more real when instead of specifying the coordinates by typing them in, you can click the coordinates on the screen. And then instead of printing out an equation of the line, you actually see the line on the screen, okay? So people will be much more interested in solving a problem like this. If they have graphics, if you just give it to them as a problem, as a textual problem, they will solve it, but they will not have as much fun.  All right, so spiral we saw, okay, button-based controller, then tree drawing we have seen, okay, button-based controller, formula layout, gravitational simulation, airport simulation, okay? Yeah, by the way, all of these require less than 250 lines of code. Many of them require less than 50 lines of code, okay? So you may be tempted to think that many of these are difficult problems, but they really are not. Please read through before deciding to classify them as difficult, okay? All right, so I want to show button-based controller, formula layout, and simulations, all right? Okay, so this is another way to control the turtle.  So I have everything, simple CPP is everything so that you can manufacture buttons.  There is a text class, text is a graphical object, so I can place text in it. If I click on forward, the turtle moves forward. If I click on left, the turtle turns. I can go back and I can make it go forward, okay? So I can keep doing this. This can be done in week two or week three. The only additional statement it needs is the if statement. The moment you do the if statement, you should do this because it's sort of, I mean, as I said, you have to keep the excitement going. So this is a way to do that, okay? So it doesn't require that much, but people use buttons all the time and they see here that, look, whatever they use, they can themselves manufacture. Okay, layout, okay, so this is the formula layout problem. This is really small, isn't it? Unfortunately, this control plus plus, control shift plus will not work on this. So there must be a zoom or something. It will not work on this. So I will just explain it on paper. So I want to draw a formula which looks something like this, okay? So even this is too small. So what is the problem over here? I have a formula like this and I want to use the graphics machinery to draw this on the screen, okay? So how will I specify this? I will specify this as say one plus, one, sorry, one upon, okay, let me just write it, one plus, one upon, one plus usual, like our usual expression, I will specify it. I want to write a program which will take this description and generate this, okay? So this turns out to be a nice example of recursion. It has been discussed in the book. I wanted to show it to you, but I guess I will not, I will not worry about it because this thing is turning out to be rather tiny right now. So I'll just go on to the next demo. Okay, now what I'm going to show you is a gravitational simulation, okay? So there are planets, they have velocities and they attract each other by gravitation. All of these you can calculate, right? So if a force, if a body exerts a force on another body of attraction, then that force is in a certain direction. And the force is proposed by Newton's law. The force is equal to the product of the masses divided by the square of the distance in between them. So you can calculate these things. And based on that, you can see, okay, the earth is currently right now over here. It's going in this direction. The sun is over here. Because of its attraction, it really wants to go straight. But it will turn a little bit and it will go in this direction. Again, at each point, it will have to turn because of being attracted. And this calculation has been done in this program. It is a fairly simple calculation. It might seem complicated, but it actually is not really that complicated. There is a chapter which discusses this. Okay, I think I have to give this as a redirection rather than, okay. So obviously, the red circle in the center is the sun. This is the earth, the orbit happens to be a slightly eccentric over here. But the calculation is reasonably simple, okay. So it's not, well, it's slightly more complicated than what you might write without any, without, with very little thought. It's a little bit more complicated, okay. But this thing that you have learned in physics, you can actually experiment it on your screen. So you can figure out whether what they teach you in physics actually does make sense or not, okay. Let me show you one more. Okay, so this is a simulation of an airport, okay.  Of course, I don't have beautiful pictures of the airport and aircraft and things like that. Everything is very schematic and you have to use your imagination, okay. So please humor me, okay. So this is an aircraft which comes in and that is where, that is the terminal where it lands, okay. So it's going to wait there for a little while, okay. Now, this look like the two aircrafts collided, but that is not the case. I have made those aircraft sizes very large and therefore it appears that they collided. But the whole point of this simulation is to make sure that they do not collide, okay. As you can see, while that aircraft is passing on this runway, the previous aircraft wait. So there is, they have to keep some distance in between them. So things like this are in fact done routinely when people build airports or train stations or anything these days is built with simulations. So having a simulation exercise is very important. And I think this is, this is reasonably within the reach of your students' abilities. Not on day one, but maybe on day 100 they should be able to do this or day 150, okay. Certainly by day 200 they will do it with absolute comfort and it's okay for you to tell them on day one that look, this is what you cannot do today but this you will be able to do on day 200, okay. Because you have to set a good goal for them, okay. So I'm at the end more or less, I'll just finish up, okay. So we have to excite the imagination of students and then challenge them. I guess I should just put down two quotes because, okay. So this is a quote which I like, which says something like, if you want to build a ship, don't drum up people together to collect wood. And don't assign them tasks and work. But rather, teach them to long for the endless immensity of the sea, okay.  There is another quote which I would like to share with you. This is by Bertrand Russell. It says, when you want to teach children to think, you begin by treating them seriously when they are little, giving them responsibilities, talking to them candidly, providing privacy and solitude for them and making them readers and thinkers of significant thoughts from the beginning. That is if you want to teach them to think, okay. So on that note, I will conclude my talk. What are the contents of CS 101? Is it C or C++? C++. This is my first question. Yeah. And second, I want to ask that can we get some lesson plan that till when, how many days we'll go with simple CPP and then we'll continue with IOS stream and all? Certainly. So in chapter five, six, I think, repeat statement is dropped because loops are taught. Now functions are explained in chapter nine, okay. So then functions are explained after a basic description of functions. You tell students that, okay, int main, main is a function. You really should be declaring as int main rather than as main program. Can you do the lesson plan? So yeah, so I'm planning to put together, okay. So I was going to stop over here, but yeah. So this last point, transparencies for the lectures will soon appear on McGraw-Hill homepage and also my homepage. So they will answer your questions, but very briefly, the moment you introduce functions, int main can be introduced and even namespaces can be introduced. And so at that point, namespaces, int main and IOS streams can be introduced. So from that point onwards, they can deal with orderly C++, except if they want to do any graphics. Thus, if we set up these much goals as airplane and all, these are long-term goals and we have to finish up simple CPP within two, three weeks, I think. Then when will they prepare airplanes? Okay, so even that code that I showed you, okay. That was about 250 lines of code. Will they go with those codes or they learn other things of CPP? So this is an application, okay. So first of all, everybody doesn't have to do that airport simulation. I think everybody should learn some simulation, not necessarily airport simulation. They can go with that also if they like. Right, so that's exactly the point. Few of them can go specialize in simulation. Most of the time, most courses have a project. So there are several chapters in which material is suggested for projects. Simulation is, there are two chapters on simulation where this material is suggested. There is a chapter on this gravitational simulation, which is a different kind of a simulation, where material of that kind is suggested. The ideas which are suggested in gravitational simulation will actually apply to things like circuit simulation also, okay. So these simulations will later be combined with other programs also. Then only they'll be helpful. Students will ask, what are the applications of this simulation? The applications of these simulations are, if you want to build an airport, you have to do this. That is it, okay. So it does not have applications in school, okay. But if you want to, I mean, look, people today can get information about lots of things. In fact, what I want students to think about is, if there is something being built, we are going to have elections in a few days, or you probably already had elections, and our students must be able to understand all these different things, and they should be able to apply their knowledge to all such problems. So therefore, I think I'm very keen that students acquire the tools to do all these things. Let me give some concluding remarks to your question, because similar thoughts are in the minds of people generally. You asked about, what is the lesson plan followed in IITB? What is the syllabus in IITB? I do not know whether you have read my paper on the blended MOOCs for Indian students, which I had circulated. A specific observation that I have made there is that two teachers teaching the same course in successive years may teach it completely differently. So please understand that is what was happening. When I taught the course before Professor Ranade, I did not use simple CPP at all. I tried to use some easy windows with some reference to graphics, not because of the graphics, but because of the points that he made, that letting people handle graphics makes them learn easier, but that was a separate. Professor Sridhar Ayer, who will be speaking to you soon, and who has been teaching this course after him, does not use simple CPP at all. So please understand that there is no standard way or standard lesson plan that can be stipulated. But since we are going to use this book as a guide for our course and even for EDX CS 101, next year, for example, when I will be teaching it with Professor Suprati, we will more or less follow this. So the material that will get prepared for the teacher's training will be based on this. But that is not necessarily the only way of doing it. And in fact, each one of you, each one of you should be able to evolve one's own teaching plan. Since not all of us could be accomplished programmers or accomplished teachers like Professor Ranade, we might take help. That is exactly what we do when we use a standard textbook. Somebody has done a lot of work and it is much easier for me to understand that plan and follow that plan. That is how most of our teaching happens. It is in that context that the book is used. But it is not like there is a standard lecture plan in IIT Bombay which is followed, etc., etc. Absolutely nothing of that. Sir, actually we people are used to having a standard syllabus and we need to follow it. Yes. We have to do it.  Sir, we have questioned but are head of the department, I don't know. We also head heads of the departments. The point is if I have the conviction and if I have the courage of conviction, I can always deviate from that quote. The important point is my students should learn to program. As long as they do anyway, we are standing between T and our people. Thank you, sir. Thank you very much.


is a presentation of TFNN. The Tom O'Brien Show is produced every business day. Tom takes your phone calls toll-free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Let's go to John and Orlando. John, what's going on, brother? Good afternoon, Tom. How are you? I'm doing great, man, yourself. Good, good. I want to tell you I've been listening to you since your radio days back in 99. I appreciate what you guys do, but what I really enjoy that you brought back to me, or this guy is as smart as a whip. I am so happy for that feedback. Yeah, because he's one of a kind. He's got to be the number one market timer. I'm telling you, it's like he calls it really, really good. He does. I really appreciate the feedback, man, because. Now, Tom O'Brien. Folks, this is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We got five days a week. We got seven hours a day. We go 24 hours a day on the internet at TFNN.com. Always remember, folks, whatever you think about, you bring about whatever you focus on, grow superman's having a great day, safe day. This is it, folks, kicking into the last week of the year and kicking into 2020. How's that, man? Holy cow. Don't take anything personally. Ignore the opinions of others. This is a trippy kind, man. Whatever people do, feel, think, or say. Don't take it personally. Others are going to have their own opinion according to their belief system. So whatever they think about you is not about you, but it's about them. That's the part that's pretty trippy. Market-wise, let's take a look at it out here. We have the Dow Industries up 177. NASDAQ up 88. S&P's up 21. Gold. Gold contract up $5.20. Trading at 2074 an ounce. We have Silver Flat, $24.50 an ounce. Light Sweet Crew up $1.85. $75.41 a barrel. Notes and bonds. A 10-year note. Up two ticks trade in 112.21. The 30-year up 12 ticks at 124.05 and King Dollar. King Dollar's down 231 ticks trade in 101.468. Euros at 110. Yens at 142. British Pounds at 127 to one US dollar. Our phone number's<PHONE_NUMBER>. Give us a call, folks. I want to know what's going on in your world and the world of the S&Ps. Let's take a look at them. What do you have? You got a short week. It's going to be an illiquid week and they want to run the market, folks, okay? You got a confirmed ABC structure on the way up. If we take a look at the spies, put this back. And what you're going to see out here is that you're approaching, first off, we're approaching the high. We haven't hit the high first off. We're at 475, 78, but we have another ABC structure up to 502. So I expect we're going to get there. First, we're going to take out that high, but my take is that, yeah, we're going to only take out that high. We are going to get into that ABC structure up because this straight line moves. We're taking a look at the cues. The cues are already taken out of its high. Now, the cues are going to be a lot easier to hit this ABC structure, too. It's only 25 points away from where we are right now. The cues need to get a little bit more away from the high it's just taken out, which is the all-time high. Right now you're at 410, 79. 434 is the number, okay? Notes and bonds. Now, check this out. Now, this is a trip, folks, okay? So you had an auction this morning, and this thing is so strong it's unbelievable. So you had an auction out here this morning, and the way this works, folks, is this, is that you had indirect buyers, okay? So they were pushing out a huge amount of paper this morning. At actually one o'clock this afternoon, actually, they were pushing it out. Well, what you had, so inside the Treasury market, you have primary dealers. And then you have, so if it's a primary dealer, that's called the direct market. Then you have an indirect market. An indirect market would be other central banks, would be you and I, if you're on Treasury Direct. You can bid on these things, okay? Well, the bottom line is that it came in at, excuse me, a record 77.6% was indirect. Then that's the third largest share ever of an indirect on a two-year note, okay? And of course, we know why, because folks are understanding that rates are going down and everyone's piling in. And then if we go back to what we've been talking about for quite some time now, is that yes, the Fed hasn't gone down in rates yet, but the market has gone down on rates, okay, in a monster way. So you have a huge demand and the demand is overtaken the supply, okay? Which is really wild, okay? Now the next draw, and then then what also on top of that would end up happening is that the, let me get this straight, that the rate that the Treasury thought that they were gonna sell these out, it actually went under that rate because the demand was so heavy, okay? Now what we're gonna see on Thursday, this was today, Thursday what's gonna happen, yeah, yeah, so that they sold 57 billion, this is the one that went under the rate today, 57 billion or two years, they went under the rate that the Treasury thought they were gonna get. They ended up selling it at 4.314 and the Treasury thought that they were gonna have to sell them at 4.595. So you can see that's pretty intense, man. When you're talking about multiply 57 billion times 20, well, I'm not gonna do this math right now, but you get the gist of it. The gist of it is a much larger demand than there is supply. We'll see what ends up happening Thursday but my take on Thursday, it's gonna be the same thing. Why? Because the rate cycle, the high rate cycle is over and what you have here is that there'll be huge amounts piling into that structure because it's still a good structure. Meaning it's still, you're getting four or 5% and that's a no risk deal because you're talking about treasuries, you're talking about notes, yeah, so big deal, man. We get under the gold, we go to the gold market, we take a look at the gold market out here. That gold market right now we got above the consolidation last week and we did it with volume, by the way, okay? Volume actually came in on Friday and that's pretty cool for a vacation week, man. I mean, the bottom line is it did 170,000 contracts so your next leg there, where 2,074, the next leg is at 2,150 and my larger take is that, yeah, we're gonna go up to this 2,500. It was A to B, the A to B equals C to D is 2,500 and there's plenty of stuff happening inside of the dollar and the world in general that it could get there pretty quick. The dollar, and we take a look at this dollar, what you're gonna see is that the dollar on Friday broke, broke to lower, we're just about breaking the lows of Friday now and it's not a big reach now to hit 99 before this Friday or at Friday. That's how I think this thing is shaking out. We're at 101, 472. Your swing point down there is 99,578, so you're two points off it. Two points, just so you know, 236, these come in thousands, okay? So you got two points, you got 2,000 on the way down. Well, guess what? Sometimes this dollar's been moving at a clip of about 900 on those big days so we could hit that in a couple days. Dow, Dow Industries right now trading up 179, Nasdaq's up 88, SAP's up 21, stay right there folks, come right back. Currencies, commodities and bond markets are as important as ever right now with how they're driving the volatility in equity markets across the globe which is why it's a great time to try out Teddy Kegstad's Tiger Forex report. 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To sign up today and become a part of this educational community of traders, just visit the front page of TFNN.com. Toll-free at 1-877-927-6648. And traditionally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Welcome back, folks, to DOW. DOW Industries right now trading up $170. You get the NASDAQ up 88, S&P's up 20. Let's get over to our mam, Mr. Basil Chapman, as we do each and every Tuesday. And don't forget, folks, Basil has an outstanding show here every trading day, 10 to 11 Eastern stand of time. He also has a great newsletter, the opening call. Now, it's very easy to get the opening call, folks. Come over to our website at TFNN. You're gonna see it actually right under featured content because Basil did a great workshop for his subscribers. On December 20th, you can get the opening call for one month for $149, six months for $695, which is a savings of $199 or 22%, and one full year for $1195, which is a savings of $592 or 33%. Now, they all come with a 30-day money-back guarantee, and so you're gonna get a great newsletter. You're also gonna get the subscriber event that he just did for his clients, and he has more subscriber events on there, folks, okay? So check it out, check off the new year with it. If it works for you, awesome. If it doesn't work for you, 28th, 29th day, just cancel it. You're still gonna have a great newsletter. You're gonna have a great archive. You can understand how the Chapman wave moves. And we go from there. Basil Chapman, new year's coming at us, man. Oh, isn't this a quick year? I guess they get quicker as you get older. That toilet paper roll's getting smaller, yeah. Oh, man. It's going faster, there's no doubt, man, I know. It certainly is, yeah. So I thought I'd mention, since this is the end of the year, this will be the last interview for 2023. I thought I'd just go through a couple of things here, and the most important is that in my work, years and years ago when I used to hand chart, I found out that if I could identify the lowest low bar, I could see the prices move higher. I could actually, I could label the peaks as they move up, but they're also basically grading them. And what I wanted to see was a buy signal get upgraded to a buy mode, which implied that I should get at least four higher peaks of whatever, it doesn't matter whether it's a one-minute chart or a monthly chart. So the idea is to get you off the ground, get to the peak A, then a one penny above A starts leg B. If it makes a peak, it's called a peak until it pulls back, and then goes above that previous peak by one penny, starts leg C, and that can take you to D. Yes, you can go to E, F, and G, but D is really the core of the chart wave methodology. So in this particular regard, I wanted to show you something very interesting. We made a peak E in the Dow in January of 2022, at 36,952 on the right here is the monthly chart. Move this up so you can see it a little bit better, that's an E right there. And then it pulled back sharply to 28,660 and start to move higher. Now, one of the things I wanted to mention is also, we actually along from the 2020 low, we were along the diamonds at core position from the 18,213 level, and we're also along from the October 28,660 low of last year. But what I'm looking at is, we're in leg C. Now, this is a monthly chart. And that means, let's just imagine the market stalls right here in December, and it doesn't for the whole of January, it doesn't go above whatever the highest. Just imagine it's 37,641 high that was made back on the four days ago. That was on the 20th and was actually 37,000. Let me give you the exact figure. There are 37,418.76. If in all of January, we go to point one point higher, that's not just one point in 37,642. I'm saying if it's just one point higher above that 37,641.30 level to 30.31, that actually continues leg C for the entire month of January. I see. So my concept is that D is where other things can happen, your obligation in this chapter in methodology is to get you to at least a D. Well, that means we couldn't make a D, imagine now that we don't make a new high in January. That means all of January is peak C, but then you have to go all of February to make that leg D for it goes above that peak C, so it's leg D, and then you have to wait for the following month, March, to confirm that it's a peak D. So, so far, everything that I'm looking at suggests that there should be higher prices. It doesn't tell you how far we could pull back on the short term, but certainly the low of 32,327, or the October 27th low, that should be sacrosanct. That should not be taken out as it stands right now. So that part of it is very good. I can just do the other indices, but what I want you to say is more important than that is that I'm finding for subscribers to my opening call that this is the biggest variety in sectors and even price distribution. So it's broadened out, right? Yeah, so what's very interesting is that we have stocks, we have, for instance, we still have the UEC, that's uranium from 364, and here it is at what, 674, and yet we still have the Microsoft. So let me show you UEC right now. Here it is a very low price stock, but look how nicely it's done. Almost at, it's not a multi-year, what actually it is a multi-year because you have to go back all the way to 2010, where the high was 748, it's come all the way down to pennies and it's back at the double top of 660, which was April of 2022, and this year it's gone higher, it's gone into the 70s. So that's a very low price stock, but we also have Microsoft, and we've got Microsoft from 338, there it is at 374, it is 384, and it's just kind of this stalling sideways motion, I think it's very important because it's a digestive phase. So we're in areas that I didn't expect by the end of the year that we're being, we're in a gold stock, we're in aluminum stock, we're in a financial, we've got Bank of America, Bank of America is really important for us to be moving higher, I want to see those financials moving, look how they look at the Bank of America, 50.11 back in February of 2022, it plunges down to the 24 level, now it's at 33, it's just starting to move, so when I did my webinar, I was looking at just this type of thing where really good companies had really sharp pull backs and now they're in a recovery process, will that recovery last into 2020, the first quarter of 2024, and that's kind of what we're trying to play at this particular point. So we're in a really interesting situation. Basil, let me ask you, when did we start together? Was it like 99? Was it 2000? We started in 2001. 2001, okay. 2002. 2002, okay. But I started my service, I think it was February of 2022. Unbelievable. Isn't that, it's amazing when you just... I'm close by mind, man. And we've had so many bear and bull markets, I mean... 22 years, man, wow. We've been through a lot and what's very interesting, I started listening to you way back, I was talking to someone the other day. Oh, listen, man, I remember you coming up to the radio studio, I remember it sitting right down with you, man. I remember saying specifically, oh man, I want to do this, I remember the whole deal, man, unreal. Yeah, I remember it well, so anyway, thank you very much for all that you've done. No, thank you, man. I really appreciate it. Listen, get over to our website, get over to our website, folks, okay? You're gonna go under Featured Content, you're gonna see Basil right there, picture and everything, hit that button and you're gonna be very happy you did. Basil, well, of course, I'll see the show tomorrow, but happy new year, man. And a happy new year to you and a very successful new year to everyone and a healthy new year. Big time, yeah. See you next week. Yeah. Thank you. Thank you. The way of up-down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns, finding the peaks and valleys and stock prices, get the opening call newsletter by Basil Chapman and your inbox every day. First time subscribers also get a 30 day money back guarantee. If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up. tfnn.com, educating investors. Steve Rhodes started his trading career as a student almost 20 years ago and the student has now become the master. Steve won the prestigious Timer of the Year award in 2018 and barely missed that mark again in 2019, finishing at number two for the year, an amazing accomplishment. Steve Rhodes is committed to sharing his techniques and knowledge with anyone who wants to learn and he shares his vast amount of trading knowledge every day in his Mastering Probability newsletter. Steve's award winning newsletter, Mastering Probability, is delivered every trading day with updates throughout the afternoon. Sign up for Steve's market newsletter, Mastering Probability and you'll receive access to seven of Steve's educational webinars absolutely free. At tfnn, all our newsletters come with a 30 day money back guarantee so you have absolutely nothing to worry about. Visit tfnn.com and try Mastering Probability 30 days risk-free today. tfnn, educating investors. Sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument. 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Welcome back folks, the Dow Industrial is right now trading up 200 to get the NASDAQ 102 S&Ps are up 25 and you had Bristol, Myers, Schwab folks. I mean, yeah, Bristol, Myers, Schwab. They came out this morning and they bought a Razzella, Razzell, I can't pronounce the whole thing, but bottom line is that this is, you're gonna see a lot of this inside the cancer business folks, okay? It's a radiopharmaceutical. And what it does, it targets the tumors without wrecking the rest of your cells. You know, we'll see how successful it's gonna be, but the bottom line is that you talk about doubling in price. So if you take a look at this, we put this up just for a second. Like, where are you? Okay, it's a doubling price, right? Come on, you're up, I just had this thing, man. But bottom line is that these biotechs, man. You know, if you get the biotech right, you're in heaven. There's no doubt about it. Oh, here it is right here. Let's just look at this for one second. So we take a look and it's up 30 bucks right now, trading 61, so it's doubled in price. Yeah, and if you take it, what's interesting, if you do take a look at this, like going back five days ago, it's like, okay, that's the only time there was any volume in it at all. Pull this back a bit. Yeah, this is a new deal and there was volume coming in, but pretty amazing, no doubt. Now folks, let's get over to our man, Mr. Tim Moore, as we do every Tuesday and Thursday. And don't forget, folks, you can reach Tim every trading day and get his newsletter at odd or d-oracle.com, that's odd-oracle.com. Tim, odd, what's going on? All right, I've sent you over a couple of charts, actually four charts. We got them cooking, yep. We want to take a look at the first chart, which is, we kind of started looking this probably a couple of weeks ago, if not longer. Yep. NYSE summation index, which is the top window. Yes. And we keep talking about it. Back on October 27th, you got a reading minus 817, I think below minus 700 is the selling climax. And the whole scenario for this indicator to trigger a bullish situation, ask go below minus 700, then around two months ask go above plus 1,000. Yep. When it's done that, it predicts the bull market going forward. Not every day is going to be an update. All right. But it does suggest 2,024 will be up. And again, on October 27th at minus 817, and this is Friday's close. So it's not today, it's Friday's close and we have 920.70. Oh my God. On the rail. And today we get a good day. So we're going to add more today. Yeah, we're going to add more today. And plus you're going to add more tomorrow. Right. Because tomorrow is the 27th. So you basically got two days to get, you know, is 1,000 exactly magic number? Not really. I mean, probably 950 to 1,050 would probably qualify for it. So, but it's around 1,000, you know, and the last low was 817. It got below minus 700. So we started off with minus 813. And we're already rallying to 920. So probably we've met the rules, but officially I guess you need to get her up 1,000. And most likely that's probably going to happen this week. And if it happens this week, then there's probably, I don't know, high percentage probably in the 90s, that next year will be an up year. And this chart goes back to 2007. And the blue lines show the times when this indicator hit below minus 700. Okay. The red line shows the time it hit above 1,000. And if you notice, they all came at major lows. When we had this back in 2022, we got an October low. I forgot what it was. It looked like about a minus, below minus 1,000. Then we had a rally into January above 1,000. And hey, Tim, so the Summary Index, that was Sherman McCullen's deal, right? Is he the one that invented that? Yeah, Tom and Sherman McCullen, actually his wife created it. Really? Yeah, his wife is a mathematician. Wow. Sherman's wife. And so she figured out all this stuff. And Sherman, I guess, they both did it, but she was a mathematician in the family. I'll put it that way. No, I know. Cause going back like 20, 25 years, I had Sherman on a few times, then he passed the Paton to Tom, you know? Right. Right, okay. Wow, man. And so it's still kind of a family affair. Yes, Tommy has another son, too, that do stuff for the McCullen newsletter. So their whole family's kind of into it. Yep. The wife of Sherman is kind of behind the scenes, and she's the one that kind of figured out the numbers, how all this works. How cool is that? And what's well, you can look at the chart, you know, they all came at a major low. Oh yeah. It's amazing looking at this chart, seeing how fast, when it does happen, that it can actually get up there. I mean, it's, but it makes sense, because at those lows, the market's cleaned out, right? I mean, that's, that's- Yeah, the market's cleaned out. Yeah. What you need is, you know, it's the sign of strength off these lows. Yes.  Right. So you have to have the sign of strength to really confirm there's enough buying pressure in the market to say, yeah, we're in a bull market. And so it does appear that, and so, you know, next year's election year too. Yeah.  Yeah, well, and interest rates are going the right way.  Yeah, that's it. Yeah, it's all of the best, so they're doing whatever I think, you know, the people in the government, I guess, are trying to make the economy look as good as possible where it really is or not.  We can go on to chart two. Yeah, let's, yeah, let's do that. Okay, good, I got track two up, yep. All right, chart two, this is a short, so that's a bigger picture, and you know, I'll come on Thursday again, and most likely, I'll update that chart to actually be Wednesday's close, because when the, this is our chart number one now. Yes. Because we don't update these readings so well after the close. Right. This is Friday's close 920, so today we may be, we may right be at the thousand level or pretty darn close to it. I know, because as, even as we're talking, Tim, you came on and the S&Ps are up 20, now we're up 24.5, okay, so they're running it into the close out here too. Just stay right there, Tim, stay right there folks. Tim, Lloyd, Tom, and Brian were coming right back, and remember this program's archive folks, so if you're in your car and you wanna look at those charts, okay, don't look at them in your car, bottom line, get home, hit the archive, you're gonna be able to go through all these shots as Tim and I, as Tim explains these shots to you. That was up 189, Nasdaq's up 99, S&Ps are up 24, Tim and I are coming right back. If you're looking for potential trading setups in the stock market, then Rocket Equities and Options Report is a newsletter you should try. Tommy O'Brien delivers options and equity trades when the markets present them, using a combination of fundamentals and technicals. Sign up for Rocket Equities and Options Report today with a 30 day money back guarantee so you have nothing to risk. For all the details and to start your subscription today, visit the front page of TFNN.com, TFNN Educating Investors. Biotech is booming, but for how long? Whether you think the Biotech bull has room to run or has run its course, trade LABU or LABD, Directions Daily S&P Biotech three times, bull and bear ETFs. Visit Direction Investments.com slash Biotech today. An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of the direction shares carefully before investing. The prospectus and summary prospectus contain this and other information about direction shares. To obtain a prospectus or summary prospectus, please contact Direction Shares at<PHONE_NUMBER>. The prospectus or summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing. An investment in the funds is subject to risk including the possible loss of principal. The funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors. Distributor, Four Side Fund Services, LLC. The reality is that navigating financial markets can be risky. Markets can be chaotic and difficult to understand. Having the latest market advice can help you turn this chaos into a key for creating winning trades. At TFNN, we understand that it can be hard to find reliable market news. That's why each of our market experts offers their very own market newsletter. They must have tool for every trader out there striving to find an edge in today's markets. TFNN newsletters cover every aspect of the markets so you can analyze the market before you trade. Try any of our great newsletters risk-free with our 30-day money-back guarantee. Just visit the newsletters tab on the front page of TFNN.com. TFNN, Educating Investors. TFNN has launched the Tiger's Den. Hosted at Discord, TFNN has been educating traders for more than 20 years with live programming hosted by a variety of professional traders during market hours. The Tiger's Den, available to all Tigers and Tigresses for just $1 for the year. There's no catch or added costs when you join our community of traders. Sign up today and become a part of this educational community of traders. Just visit the front page of TFNN.com. This program is brought to you by Vista Gold. Traded on the NYSE American and TSX under the symbol VGZ. Welcome back, folks. Tim Ward, Tom Mulbran, and we do appreciate you growin' and proudin' us. And don't forget, folks, you can get Tim Ward's newsletter by goin' to odrd-oracle.com. Okay, Tim, I have the second shot up here. All right, so this is just a short-term view of what is kinda goin' on. Nothing real bearish, but the bottom one is the five-day trend. Yep. The average of the trend five days. Next one up is the 10-day trend. And last week, this is current as of today. But in general, we're in the bullish category for the five-day, you like to see around 1.4 higher, we're a little below like 1.25 when I did the chart. And next one above is, you like to see it around 1.2 or higher, you know, we're 1.17. Yes. So nothing real bearish, but all that gray or that pink area across the chart there are times when both those readings got into bullish territory. And they hit there last week and we're kinda into a consolidation, I guess, phase. I mean, we're not really rockin' up or we're not rockin' down either. We are touchin' a new higher, but it looks good, you know, what can the market, can we have a higher pullback here? Maybe, but it's not set up for anything significant. And what's gonna get interesting, Tim, too, right, is that on the, what, on the 20th, we had, now when that drops off, that's gonna change that quite a bit because we're gonna have 3.69, right? Now that's helping us at this particular point when it drops off, though, get intriguing, right?  Oh, yeah, yeah, no, I'm with ya, I'm with ya, yeah, right. You know, the market kinda regenerates itself or re-energizes itself. Yes. When you get these shakeout one day, she went wonders and, you know, everybody panics and everybody's trying to get through the exit door. So, you know, yeah, it's true when that three-point something drops off, it's gonna affect the 10-day and the five-day. We'll get to very territorial, but the 10-day, he gets around 0.9 or lower. A lot of times, that's kind of a danger level. Okay. But it stays around one or higher, you know, in rallies, you're probably fine. Well, I'm trying to point out here, there's nothing really... No, no, no, I'm with ya. I just wanted to bring it. I really, really either extremely bullish other than the bigger time frames because of the summation index looks really good. No, no, for sure. I just... It's a little fuzzy. Yeah. I just wanted to bring it up for the listeners so they can really start understanding how this works, because it's always cool, folks, when you know you get a big one or a small one and it's dropping off. You know what's so cool about what you do here, Tim? You can project going forward.  It's like, okay, man, you know, yeah. I count forward, too, so I want to see what's dropping off 10 days ago or five days ago. Yes, exactly. And I'll give you a clue what may happen.  No. You know, sometimes there's something right home about it. Yeah. Something or not. No, I'm with ya. And this particular case. I'm with ya. Okay, so I'm going to try number three. Now, turn number three. Oh, this is kind of a momentum indicator. Major is the volume down volume. Yeah. And it's advanced decline. So it kind of shows you what the market's doing. And the bottom window is the GDX up-down volume percent on a 50-day average. So it's a big average. Yes. And so long as it stays above zero, which is all the blue area. Okay. It's usually, normally in our uptrend, as of today when I print this chart, we're at 5.52. And then, you know, it gets away from zero but it looks like about 12 usually stays in that range. So we're kind of in the center of the bullish range, I guess you might say. Yes. It's nothing real significant. It gets below zero. Normally the rally is kind of coming to an end. Okay. Most of the time, you know, plus five in that range, you're flying nothing, again, right home about. So that looks pretty good. Okay. So that's the short term. And what I really want to kind of talk about is number chart four. Okay. I have it up. All right. This is a really kind of an important chart. This is this current rally that's going on right now. It really kind of needs to continue. And the reason why I say that, if it kind of fails here and goes back down, those two indicators, which is a bottom indicator, is a cumulative monthly advance or no, it's up-down volume. The next one up, the second chart up from the bottom is the monthly cumulative advance decline. Yes. And you need both those indicators, the advance decline and the up-down volume to get above the mid-bollinger band. And usually when it gets above the mid-bollinger band, usually stays above mid-bollinger band. Because it's a momentum indicator of volume and advance decline. Yes. And once it gets above there, it stays there. If you notice, they can trend for years. Matter of fact, it picked out the January or the 2012 high and stayed bearish all the way into 2016. Yep, four years. Four years. And we've been actually kind of bearish since 2021. There's been pockets of short-term runs in the gold market, but not lasting runs. This indicator predicts the runs that could last a year or two or three. And how close are we now, Tim, to the advance decline line getting in the middle? Are we close to it? Yeah, we're actually, we need to get the advance decline as the second window up from the bottom. Yeah. And it needs to get above the bollinger band. Oh, I see it now. I didn't see it. I see it. I got it. You get, this is, if you're looking at this chart, folks, he has an arrow right to it. I should have saw that. Okay, cool. I got it. I see it. Yep. Okay. The up-down volume. So it needs to get above the mid-bollinger band too. So let's flip to the top chart. Okay, the top chart is the monthly GDX. And I drew a line connecting the highs going back to 2021. Yes. And so, you know, this is the old Weisskopf deal going on here. To get through that line, you need an SOS, which is sign of strength. Right. So, you know, the more times a trend line is tested, the more times, or the more widely it's going to bust through. Right. So this is the fourth time we're testing it, or depends how you count it. It could be this time you're testing it. So, at some point, we're going to bust through that line. And when you do it, all those, the bollinger band, two indicators down below, most light will get above the bollinger band. And probably you're going to start a run that could last several years, or at least a year. Yes. So I'm thinking this is kind of lining up to like a 2000 bottom, if you remember back then. Oh, I remember that. He's got stuff. Praise the lord. This is 2000 bottom. We're all going to be happy, man. Yeah, it was great. So I'm thinking that's why I'm looking at the bigger picture here. So I'm lining up over the next month or two that if the market remains basically relatively strong and keeps moving higher, all those bollinger bands will be exceeded. The bottom two is most likely we'll have a sign of strength through that trend line on the GDX. And if that's the case, then probably over the next year, maybe two, a bullock we haven't seen, probably haven't seen for years, that's probably in the progress of happening right here. So... Right, because with Tim's talking about... Possibility, well, that happened or not, there's some ingredients that suggest that it may. Yeah, and with Tim's talking about folks, that's when we went from 252 bucks to 1,100 in the gold market, you know? And Tim and I did get it. Thank God. Yeah, we did. It was fun. It was fun, man. Well, listen, man, it's always a pleasure, Tim. You have a great one, safe one. Look forward to speaking to you on Thursday. All right. Thanks, man. Okay, stay right there, folks. Come right back. Are you ready to take your trading to the next level? Introducing Tom O'Brien's award-winning newsletter, Market Insights, your key to successful active trading. 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So check this out, folks, who Tim was just talking about. Actually, we went higher than I thought on the first leg. So the first leg from 252 took us to 1072. Then you did a pullback to 688, and then your next run took you to 1970. That's how this thing is shaken up. Now, the larger one, okay, if you just watch this, the larger one, this is the large ABC that I'm looking at here, would take you to 2,500. And you can see, you busted this whole deal, meaning the consolidation.  And that's gonna be, that's, we haven't seen the gold contract actually move on politics of fear at all, you know. Now that can change very quickly, you know, because you have between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, there's action out here, and there's action as I'm speaking right now, okay? So this thing is having a hard time to contain itself. But the bottom line is that 2,500 is game. And 2,500 to me is game just on the aspect of where this dollar wants to go, because I suspect the next place we're gonna be here is 99, then you're gonna be at 94, and we'll see if 89 is game. And, you know, if you haven't test driven the gold report, go check it out, man, because when you get these runs, they're pretty, you know, the gold market's a really small market, folks, as is the silver market. So when you get it right, you really get it right. Always remember, folks, the bank and claw your heart out, the bull can run you over, and thank God, there's always another trade. Health happens in prosperity. Have a great night, folks. Have a safe night. Come back and visit Tommy tomorrow morning, kicks us off 9 a.m., great show, folks. Real, look at him, folks.