Lots of you heard about the drone incidents in the airports in the UK This talk is the great British drone panic by Jenny list She's talking about and asking for a better standards of official investigation and media reporting into the British drone incident stories Give her a warm applause for Jenny list My background is that I'm a journalist I write for Hackaday.com who many of you may know I'm also a member of two makerspaces and hackspaces in the UK I'm a member of Oxford hackspace and Milton Keynes makerspace and My background is that I'm an electronic engineer who worked in publishing for most of her career and so after I left the Oxford dictionaries where I used to work I started writing for Hackaday and I found myself dealing with multi-rotor stories drone stories as they are in the popular press And I found I was getting to know people who flew multi-rotors drones and I found that they were Rather unhappy about the way that their hobby was being portrayed Particularly that there were a lot of sort of stories of drones in Conflict with aircraft or whatever and there were Very they considered it to be a very unfair reporting of how that was happening and they were very concerned But they didn't know what to do and so I sort gained an interest in the subject and realized that there was quite a story here and So I started writing about it for Hackaday Now before I start there's one thing that I absolutely have to say Flying drones at people is bad if you're here Wanting to fly drones near an airport if you want to fly over a crowd without the appropriate Licensing and all the safety stuff if you want to fly it near aircrafts. I have one thing to say for you get out The only way that the multi-rotor community will be taken seriously is If they make sure that what they do they do in a safe manner as possible I'm saying this now because the subject of the talk there may be people who say oh, yes It's another hacker talking about drones and they will just say how bad pilots are and say that they can fly anywhere No, that is not the case if you fly a drone near aircraft you deserve to go to jail however, I guess I got into this about 2015 2016 and One of the first major articles I did for Hackaday about it was I went through 2015's British drone incident reports and What was very striking about them is that they were all they all involved Reports of drones and multi-rotors that just didn't add up, you know, they were sort of Descriptions of a drone that didn't match any known drone. They were at enormous altitudes which Just couldn't fly to they were at great speeds or whatever and so I went through all the Drone incident reports for a year and just did a little bit of analysis not as huge in-depth analysis But just said this is what's being Reported how does it stack up? And the result was this article. I've just picked one incident as a sort of typical example This is a completely normal performance of an average drone It's was epochs report number 2015 1 5 5 and it's overstands that airport, which is one of London's smaller airports Boeing 737 so quite a big airliner was Climbing after taking off so it was at 4,000 feet and it was doing 250 knots which is Nearly 300 miles an hour. My apologies continental friends. I don't quite know what that is in kilometers per hour But it's a lot The drone was sighted at 12 o'clock, so there's you're flying along at 300 miles an hour And there's a drone flying towards you really quickly. Wow, and then Before it hits you it doesn't about turn and flies away at one o'clock. So it's coming in that direction It's flying out at that direction now Completely normal performance of an average drone. I don't think fighter aircraft can do that If you have a drone that can do that, I want that drone because it's awesome I'm guessing that if you have a drone that can do that I'm guessing uncle Sam wants that drone and will come to you with lots of billions the fact is that This is being reported as a drone completely matter-of-fact by the official body that looks at Air proximity incidents and there was no question as to whether it was or wasn't a drone in the official record It's a drone despite the fact that no drone could possibly do that and In that I of course saw my story because When the official record is just so blatantly wrong watch a list wouldn't want to question it So I went through what a couple of years of the odd drone story Sort of somebody cited a drone near Gekwick, and they closed it for like an hour or something Somebody sort of saw a drone near aircraft those kind of stories And then came December 2018. I think it was was the 18th or something like that It was an evening in December, so it's getting dark. I think it was quite a cold evening. There was a frost I don't think it was raining from memory Anyway in the freezing cold of a British winter evening under the glare of the arc lights on the tarmac So one of the guys who drives a trolley around or whatever airport workers saw something flutter in the corner of their View I don't know the actual incidents that was reported because the authorities haven't released it But let's say it was something like that They reported it because you have to report it and somebody said the D word drone and They closed the airport. That's actually the right thing to do It's absolutely the right thing if somebody sees I think they've seen a drone over an airport It's the right thing to do because they have to investigate it make sure it's safe Because if you are flying in an aircraft you need to be kept safe So closing the airport actually was the right thing to do so they close the airport it's full of people going off on their Christmas holidays and you've got I don't know tens of thousands of people just sitting there bored looking around and Of course, they're told there are drones in the air so they start seeing drones They see drones everywhere. So sightings keep coming in and this is just normal Behaviour I mean for instance as an analogous thing last week I was at the Danish hacker camp borne hack as an aside if any of you wants to go to borne hack do it It's an amazingly chilled camp had an amazing time But there were one or two people on one of the fields complained they had tick bites and the minute, you know There are ticks like you're looking for ticks and every little mole or Spot or piece of dirt or anything on you like oh, no, it's a tick and you're seeing ticks everywhere Of course, there aren't any ticks and it's exactly the same It's human nature if you're told that there is a threat you're going to start seeing it everywhere so what happened is these sightings kept on coming in and So they kept the airport closed overnight And then it we're into the next day and it gets a bit silly at this point because one of the British tabloid newspapers. I think it was Daily Mail had a Video on their website and it was the the Gatwick drone and it was just a gray sky I think you saw some lamp posts across the corner of it at one point with a drone flying and there was somebody in the background I think there's the bastard and this was widely show it shared around social media everywhere and There's only one small problem with this There was nothing in the video that identified it as being at Gatwick now I'm not saying that's a journalist and a drone flyer stood in the Daily Mail car park, but This was widely reported as the Gatwick drone, but when you have a video of something it helps if It has something that can tie it to a place because without that it's our old friend fake news and It got into sort of almost hysterical levels that you know Superman. Where are you can nobody save us? but Don't worry the police arrested somebody they arrested a couple actually And they've done their job. So we're safe. We can sleep safe except This happened What what they'd actually done In the manner of high-quality police work everywhere They'd searched Facebook for the closest drone enthusiast and they'd rounded up the usual suspects because that always works It worked in the 1970s for IRA bombs It worked when they were chasing terrorists after September the 11th And evidently it worked here too, but it completely ruined a couple's life it Was breathlessly reported as they were the culprits and of course they weren't and it used vast police Resources and meanwhile if there had been a drone at Gatwick whoever was Still on the go and of course the sightings kept coming in and so They kept the airport closed for another day. I think it was three days in total. They kept it closed and They even said they turn wreckage and like okay. This is really interesting. Can we see this wreckage? Because you know drone wreckage that's actual physical tangible evidence, but no they were investigating it So we couldn't see it yet and then This happens Police say there is a possibility that were was never a drone and it all faded with you very very quickly And we were never allowed to speak of it again, but the airport had be closed for three days so They close the airport for three days and then sort of very quietly and sort of shame-facedly admitted that they're basically probably wasn't a drone They're at all in the first place, but the trouble is received opinion The public and the politicians and the media have been conditioned. There was a drone at Gatwick So received opinion is now that there was a drone at Gatwick. It's endangered flights cause huge disruption and drone flyers are bad, okay, and It's not true obviously But that's the danger that's the power that the media holds that if they say enough and if the authorities say it too Then it's the truth. No matter if it basically wasn't the truth There's no evidence, but there was that wreckage And we've never been shown the wreckage now at this point. I'm going to take you on a little trip down memory lane Manchester October 2013 The media reported that some bloke in with inshore was printing 3d printed guns in his basement and There was a great press release a press conference where they excitedly showed these photographs and The box sets a make about replicator two or three three make about replicator three The things on the right are a trigger for a 3d printed gun and a barrel for a 3d printed gun and Then the rep rap community said hang on I don't quite know what the so-called trigger is But I think it's part of the extruder for it for a rep rap of the time And I think the barrel is the sticky outy thing that you put your real affilliment on Yeah, the police basically raided some bloke who was making rep raps which probably a great chunk of you have done at some point and Decided that these innocuous parts were 3d printed guns because that's the quality of British policing if they see something I mean, I'm not saying that some policemen found a broken desk fan in the grass somewhere and said it was a drone But we never saw the drone so brawl your own conclusions So yeah, it all faded away the police were mildly embarrassed, but the Public as far as the public was concerned the gateway could be enclosed because drones Middle of January about a month later there's drones again that he throw and It's nice and close to London basically the mass media journalists They never like going far so they will hot-footed it out. You can go to Heathrow on the tube So they will half it out hot-footed out Heathrow and there were lights in the sky there It is finally absolute proof so lots of drone reports kept coming in Heathrow was closed for an evening and Then bit later in the evening. It was opened up again. The threat had been seen off now Lights and a drone and a drone that's up for quite a long time now the Community started to smell a rat and A guy in the drone community guy called I Andrew Himes. He's also a hackaday reader. He contacted me and He'd done a look on ADS B now ADS B is I can't go into the full technical details It's not my area of expertise, but it's the beacon system that commercial aircraft carry They effectively rather than relying on sort of active radar passive radar rather they Is active radar traditional old-fashioned radar they instead each plane has a beacon that says hello I'm me and this is where I am and there are people have networks of RTL SDR type things That's log it all to the web so you can go back in time You say on this particular evening what aircraft aware and he found the drone It's in the map on the right and It's quite a well-known aircraft and it's notorious some people don't find it welcome It's one of the metropolitan police helicopters So what happened was I think I mean the police won't say anything about this because course. It's a bit embarrassing to them Somebody said the D word they scrambled the helicopter the helicopter turned up Somebody saw lights in the sky so the helicopter went over to investigate and Effectively, I'm not saying that the helicopter went round chasing itself in the dark over Heathrow for an evening But look at the ADSB records and where it went on the map and judge for yourselves So yes again received opinion is now that there was a drone flying over Heathrow and it caused everything to be closed Drones are bad and It's one of the most dangerous phrases in British public Disports course this something must be done what that really means is the upper-class Twits who happen to be in power at the moment have to put down their brandy or whatever it is and Think oh, we have to you have to have to pass some laws or something Oh, we are hard on those Johnny's was you know punishment flog them burn them and all that kind of stuff and So we get some laws Often this means bad laws Because let me take you deep into parts of the British psyche the all the gammons who quake in their Barrett homes at the thought of whatever the tabloid newspaper the Daily Mail or the Daily Express tells them is the Menace of the moment they demand that something must be done and Their general reaction to everything and it's been all through decades is the British way people are having fun This must be stopped at all costs and I've included a picture of a no-ball game sign They've actually have no legal Meaning but you will find no ball game signs in housing estates all across the United Kingdom because Heaven's children might have fun and this must be stopped at all costs I mean in my lifetime I was probably the first generation of grew up in the 70s first generation who?  This must be stopped And then computer games. I was the first generation to get I got a Sinclair's x81 when I was 11 and They're rotting children's brains children are having fun This must be stopped at all costs and then of course when I was a student It was all acid house rave music and people poppy knee and as you imagine they went off the scale on that one So yeah, that's the level of reaction in British politics instead of saying, okay Let's look at the evidence here and right find out what really happens It's people must be stopped from having fun because they're flying drones and so yeah, we got some laws As it happens We're kind of lucky on the laws because one of the few players in all this who actually has a clue and knows What they're talking about is the UK civil aviation authority the CAA? Generally when they're dealing with anything to do with stuff in the air, they know what they're talking about They don't go over the deep end their Concern is a smooth and safe running of Britain's airspace. So in terms of what we actually got in the laws about drone flying Anything above 250 grams. I believe from November you'll have to pass some kind of test and You'll have to I think pay for license It's not a huge amount of money and I'm guessing the test is sort of stuff Do you know that you don't have to fly with within the distance of people or an air base or whatever? I haven't been through the test myself personally. I've decided I'm not going to get the test My drone flying is small toy drones Which I basically just got to learn how to fly so I'd know something about it I'm not a drone flyer But the law that part of the law itself is actually quite well thought out I find it quite an Enticing prospect the 250 gram drone thing. It's funny when they were talked about this first there was some Government minister was saying this will be a marvelous boost to the British drone industry And my first thing is what British drone industry, but my second thing is well It will be a marvelous boost to the Shenzhen drone industry Because quite a few countries around the world are bringing in this 250 gram limit, which means the guys in Shenzhen will be Busy making amazing Multi-rotors in a 250 gram form factor So in if you know things like the DJI spark and things like that It's about 350 grams I think imagine in a couple years time you'll be able to buy an equivalent of the DJI spark that does way more stuff because it's Two years time in the future and only weighs 250 grams and you don't need a license for it I'm waiting for those drones to appear because I want one So that's the Drone regulation side of it. The other side of it is a bit more worrying. It's your typical British government over reaction It's the people are having fun. This must be stopped all costs new powers for the police And I'm afraid new powers for the police are never good because they always overdo it always do stupid things They brought bringing in a thing where I think the police can seize drone equipment on site and I can't remember what the exact details are, but there's one of two other slightly sinister Things and I know that at some point over the next year or two I am going to be reporting on police harassment of drone flyers I'm probably going to be reporting on some kid who's flying his DJI spark Sort of somewhere safe and he's doing it responsibly and he's doing it away from an airport not over people But some gammon has rung up the police and he's being carted off to the nick. I don't want to write those stories I don't want you to be in that position. Please all of you Be as responsible as you can. Please don't get yourself arrested because I'm sure that the police will be looking for people to arrest It's that's the way they they roll isn't it? at this point We start see a bit of a fight back from the community first of all DJI obviously World's largest manufacturer of multi rotors They have put in some very very stiffly worded complaints and legal complaints about I think to the BBC about the quality of reporting Because there's been some desperately shoddy reporting on this. It's all underway at the moment I've reported about the complaint going in to Hackaday from Hackaday I don't think that any results have come out yet So we'll we'll wait and see on that one but a little more interesting is a bunch of Multiracial enthusiasts have come together and they form this thing air procs reality check Now if you Google them you guys their website. What they've done is they've gone through meticulously they've come up with a load of criteria and a scoring system for air proximity reports and they've gone through and Scored every single air procs Air proximity reports that is supposed to have a drone and they've worked out You know was this a drone so things like the one at Stanstead where it couldn't possibly have been a drone And if it wasn't a drone, what could it have been and so for instance there are ones where Well, if you look at a DSB data that there was the your aircraft here But over here somewhere in the distance of a different altitude was another aircraft Which from a distance look quite small was that what you saw because some of these things are coming in not from pilots They're coming in from cabin crew. They're coming in from passengers and all sorts and So they're trying to analyze these you know analyze Responsibly these reports and it's quite an interesting read because they do have very comprehensive guide to all the drone related instance in UK airspace But the most interesting thing they've done they put in a freedom of information request to the air proximity board Asking for what evidence they had of drone involvement and This is probably This is the smoking gun I'm going to read it even though you can read it off the board in all cases UK AB has no Confirmation that a drone has flown close to an aircraft other than the report made by the pilots similarly other than from the report of the pilots UK AB has no Confirmation that a drone was involved that is thermo nuclear because It's tempting here to say all stupid pilots.  It can't be considered reliable if there's nothing to back it up because Flyers have seen things in the air since the dawn of flight. I Mean they've various living First World War super weapons. They've been little green men. They've been Nazi super weapons They've been Russian super weapons They've been little gray men whatever to the point that if you say the word UFO people laugh at you When it's literally something unidentified in the air be it a plastic bag or whatever and so they don't want to say UFO because people go. Oh, he's been a little green man and So if they see something unfortunately the it's a lot easier to say it was a drone and So if somebody says there's a drone, it may well have been a drone, but without other evidence to corroborate what it was whether it was within the distance of the aircraft or Whether it was a drone. It can't be taken as reliable and here's the problem The air proximity boards Their reports provide the official record. So as far as the the law is concerned If it says it was a drone in the air proximity board report It was a drone even if what they're actually saying is somebody said they might have seen a drone and There's the nub of the problem that I'm talking about So to come to the conclusion what do we need there are several angles to this The first one is the air proximity board themselves. We need meaningful incident reports now It depends how the air proximity board see their job if their job is to investigate They are not doing a good job at all They are simply writing down a few things people tell them and displaying it as absolute fact If that is their job, they are not being competent However, if their job is just to report what people say They need to be very very clear that this is just reports of what people say because currently we're in the Odd position where the public and the press and the government that are treating their work as the official record of what actually happened When in fact, it's actually just a record of some people said this now they need to very quickly Decide which side of that coin they're on and if they're not Investigating and these are not the official record of the truth of what actually happened They need to be damn clear about that and they need to make sure that their reports reflect that there is no Evidence and no corroboration of drones appearing. I strongly suspect that they wouldn't be so lax in their reporting if the Incidents Involved to airliners coming close to each other, but that's Requirement for meaningful content seems to have become absent when the word drone is mentioned I think whichever way they need to do a better job Then we need competent police investigations I mean British police they have a history of incompetence when it comes to major incidents that are beyond their normal remit of speed cameras and burglars and all those kind of stuff I mean when they when they are embarrassed They normally try to conceal it because they cannot be wrong. They've got a culture in which they cannot be wrong So you get something like a few years go after the September 11 attacks They shot down this shot this brilliant Brazilian bloke on the tube in London and this tissue of lies Fell away like the skins of an onion first of all He was a terrorist and then if I know he's a Brazilian then it was oh he ran through the tube station and jumped over the Barrier no he didn't use to tick it and then oh he had a gun or say I can't remember the full details But this tissue of lies and it came down to no we saw a brown bloke and we gunned him down and They apply this to these kind of things. They cannot be wrong. They cannot backpedal and so They paint themselves into this corner where they massively overreact and then they can't pull back from the edge They have to go further and further and further They do things like our bloke with the 3d printer earlier.  They just found some random stuff or we didn't even find anything And they do things like arresting the usual suspects I mean if you follow the history of the troubles in Ireland, you'll have heard of things like the Birmingham pub bombers very nasty bombing in Birmingham and The real bombers were let off scot-free and they just went and rounded up some Irish builders and said they've done it in the case of The Gatwick closure they just rounded up the nearest drone enthusiast because I had to have done it right you know and that's no way to Investigate these kind of incidents I think a simple rule of thumb should be if you don't know what you're doing or don't know what you're talking about back away and Hand over to somebody who does I'm sure the CAA or whichever have Investigators who know what they're talking about when it comes things like this the police should admit when they don't know something Admit when they've got something wrong and back away and everybody would have a much nicer time of it Then we need a responsible press reporting my apologies for that We need responsible press reporting the standard of reporting in this has been the worst of the British gutter press Sensationalism outright lies manufactured stories I mean things like that video that I'm not saying wasn't in the Daily Mail car park, but There's nothing to say it wasn't We need Responsible reporting when it comes to so-called experts the typical thing the BBC would do when they're talking about a drone story Would be to bring on an airline pilot and the airline pilot would of course say oh, yes, you know the drones are bad Okay, because they don't know any better. They know nothing about drones Talking to an airline pilot about a drone story is the rough equivalent of talking to a super cank captain About a kayak story because they're both boats, right? I mean, I'm sure if there was a super canker incident They wouldn't bring in a kayaker or vice versa So why are they bringing in an airline pilot to talk about a drone story the BBC actually have Experts drone flyers on their staff one of them is a member of my maker space If you've ever watched BBC sports coverage all the drone flights are done by Super competent multi rotor flyers if they can't tell me that they can't get an expert Who knows what they're talking about on they just haven't tried And finally we need comprehensive training of a crew and by a crew. I mean cabin crew as well as Pilots now we've all seen this image. I haven't credited it. I don't know who did it But it's gone all around the internet now It's easy to standing or haha pilots can't Recognize drones and it's not fair to have a go at pilots comes back to what I said earlier pilots are super competent people who? You are entirely justified in putting your life in their hands because they know what they're doing and they Do a very difficult job very well this is just a little area of their job that is obviously deficient in their training and to be honest, I Think it would help all round if they were trained. This is what a drone looks like This is what a drone looks like at this distance This is what an aircraft can look like at that distance kilometers away and it's danger that it can be mistaken from it for a drone I think that would really help and it would help to ease tensions between the different communities that use the sky because I don't think responsible multi-rotor flyers want pilots to be Annoyed with them and to be honest. I don't think Pilots want to be annoyed by ultra-rotor flyers, and I think that good training would help in this respect Finally we need to keep our own house in order If we fly drones or multi-rotors, whatever we call them We need to make sure that we do it by the book at all times And if we encounter people who aren't doing it by the book people who think oh, it's okay I'll fly over an airport nobody will notice or I'll fly over a crowd or I'll do stupid things Then they need to be bought a book and we need to be on the right side in this. We can't afford to Do the wrong thing here. The logo there is drone safe drone safe UK. I think that's actually that website produced by the Air traffic control people in the UK and it goes through it's very sort of handy checklist and diagrams and stuff of Where you can fly how you can fly and where you shouldn't fly which is things like under 400 feet ceiling 50 meters away from people obviously not near Airports or whatever and if you're not sure whether you're near an airport or something Then it's easy enough the place is online You can check that and it will show you on the map where you are and where the no fly zone ends For instance about a week after the Heathrow nuts about other the Gatwick incident There was a bloke arrested near Heathrow. He wasn't a terrorist or anything like that He was some poor bloke who'd got a drone for Christmas and taken it to his nearby park to fly it The trouble is his park was in West London right next to Heathrow. So he wasn't a bad drone fly He was what I think we would call a pillow So we have to keep our house in order It's the responsibilities on the air procs board the police and the journalists But it's just as much on us as the multi-rotor flying community if we don't do this Part of the jigsaw isn't completed So that's it. Thank you very much for listening Hackaday covers drone multi-rotor stories if you follow the hackaday.com for that category for that drone hyphen hacks you'll see both Projects people have done with multi-rotors and you'll see the Unfolding air traffic control kind of stories that I've been talking about With that, thanks very much for listening and does anybody have any questions? This is a bit. I'm scared about Thank you. I see the first question over there Can you hear me? Yes, I can. I'm sorry as to say you're afraid of questions and nevertheless I'm gonna do it. I was wondering one thing you didn't mention if I remember correctly The British army was called in With some drone surveillance gear and drone detection gear. Yes, that's correct And did anything surface out of what they did? Like we didn't see anything or we did see or whatever so another Piece of the puzzle to say there wasn't nothing at all not that I am aware of yes I think it's another piece of the puzzle say there's nothing at all Generally, they call out the army not because they need the army But because it's a public reassurance thing governments like doing that They pulled out the army various times during the war against terror craze a few years ago And it's a public thing. There's blokes in uniform with big guns. So we're all safe, right? So yes as far as I know they didn't find anything. Thank you And Yes, thanks for your talk Well, what I'm missing from the story is basically should be possible Giving the British experience of radar to actually did deck the drones with radar Because well you have lots of experience with the chain home systems back many years ago Yeah, but there's also books to actually learn yourself concepts of radar I mean Mark Danny wrote a book already in 2007 about many concepts that you're used in radar It's called blip buzz buzz and ping. It's very readable Even if you don't have a mathematical background. Yeah, that way you can maybe also use passive radar to detect drones now As I understand it, I did ask this question of I mean the great thing about that our community Is there are people who know about all sorts of wonderful things? And I did actually find through my local make space as associated community somebody who's worked on radar all his life Military radars that you can't tell me about so new his stuff and I asked him Why can't it just detect stuff and what it came down to as I understand it now? I'm not a radar expert. I'm just relaying was that they have lots of radars on aircraft But they're designed as a airports, but they are designed to detect big airliners. They're not designed to take little drones Now I'm told that there are Such systems that can detect drones and these are the things the governments of great fanfare said That's what they're investing in whether they can or not. I don't know now I believe there is a transponder system being bought in by the FAA in the United States Are there American drone flies here can confirm that? But the trouble with the transponder system is all the way like legitimate and responsible flyers will fit the transponder you get some pillow cord as this Simer or ever from Banggood's he's not gonna put a transponder on it and he's going to fly So the transponder system only works if everybody plays by the book I hope that helps There any further questions anybody Over there I suppose it's a partially a question and partially a statement and that is One thing that has come to light in the UK at least recently is the drone register as well Okay, they're going to want people to register themselves register their aircraft Having just mentioned about that couple that got arrested because of a Facebook post about a model helicopter He had from years ago One of my biggest concerns within the drone world Especially is that all these entities that want people to register so that they can find you they know you They know who you are and where you are Without anyone really thinking about you know a criminal doesn't Rob a bank with their getaway car being their daily driver They don't put a neon sign that says oh, yeah, I'm robbing the bank, but I'm doing it safely or whatever So if you're gonna be I don't know flying at an airport illegally Either you're so uneducated as to the legal system that you haven't registered like you mentioned And you're breaking the law or you're intentionally not registering and I wondered What your opinion is when it comes to if you thought about any methodology other than say DJI is geo fencing system For protecting people from themselves essentially stupid proofing the technology Well, that's actually we didn't ask Kakaday on that you know if Detecting drones and stopping these things happening is so difficult Yeah, what would the community suggest it's quite funny because half the community says are you're working for the man? And you're asking us to come up with things without realizing they were just the community I would say with the whole thing of being on the government list of enthusiasts or whatever I don't see that as that sinister and the reason is for my Experiences wearing another hat. I'm a radio amateur Which means I'm on a government list of radio amateurs probably half people in the audience are radio amateurs and there are all sorts of people do naughty things with the radio spectrum and Generally, they don't go after the local radio amateurs when that happens They will often go and ask the local radio amateurs to help and the radio amateurs will help and I suspect that will probably Happen with multi-rotor flyers as well that when there's somebody doing dodgy things They will ask the local multi-rotor flyers to do you know anything about this and I'm guessing if they're responsible flyers They'll say well actually no or yes depending on the answer As to other technologies The answer is it's not my field of expertise Knowing who you are by the way This is Jared one of the multi-rotor experts who got me interested in this story in the first place knowing who you are I suspect you probably have more of an idea than I do about it Are there any questions? Okay, then thank you Jenny. Thank you very much. I would like to give her another applause


This week on Maker Update, turn your drink up to infinity, a book powered by feathers, secret codes, volume knobs, marshmallows, home automation, and cracking the code on machine learning. Hello everyone and welcome to another Adafrit edition of Maker Update. I hope you're doing great. I've been keeping busy starting maybe half a dozen new projects and sometimes finding the time to finish one or two of them. I hope that's not where you're at, but maybe if it is and you're ready to start a new one anyways, that's great because we've got an awesome show for you full of great projects. So let's get right into it with the project for the month. There's few things more startling than the first time you walk in between two mirrors that are parallel to one another and you see your own image stretching off into infinity. That's the basic idea behind this project from the Ruiz brothers, a portable and compact infinity mirror coaster. A ring of nail pixels gets sandwiched between a pair of two-way mirrors. You can see in from the outside, but their reflective quality means that the pixels look like they're stretching impossibly down into the table. It's a cool effect. Typical of the Ruiz brothers, the design shows a remarkable sense of economy of space. The 3D printed parts hide all of the electronics while giving ready access to the power switch and USB port for programming and charging. Some of that compact design comes from the itsy bitsy Bluetooth LE board that's running things. It has a tiny footprint, but plenty of power to drive the light show on circuit Python and the NRF 52840 chip means that you can control the lights remotely from your mobile phone. Infinity mirror projects aren't especially new, but it's great to see one so small and so tightly packaged. A small lipo battery means you don't need it to be tied to a wall wart, which makes it a little more impressive at your next sci-fi bar crawl. If you're ready to take this project further, the Ruiz brothers also have a tutorial for making this desktop NeoPixel Infinity Cube. It uses the super skinny NeoPixel strips, so you'll need a steady hand when soldering, but it's a mesmerizing result if you're ready for the challenge. Time for the news. Adafruit just announced the official release of Clue, a sensor-packed project and development board. Similar in design to the Microbit, Clue packs in a 240 by 240 TFT display, a 9 degree of freedom accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. A proximity, RGB, and gesture sensor, a microphone, temperature sensors, and more, along with the five alligator clip-friendly connectors at the bottom. It'll support circuit Python and make code, and there's a stem-a-quick connector for additional hardware, if they've forgotten something you need.  Hackaday and Adafruit have announced their winner for the take flight with Feather Contest, the open book project from Oddly's Specific Objects. You might remember this one from a few months back. It's an E-ink reader powered by a Feather SAMD51 microcontroller. There's a whole lot that's remarkable about this project, like the onboard flash chip for configurable languages and typefaces, but my favorite is the huge PCB with its information-rich silk screen. Keep a lookout for this one. It'll be a cool project to get your hands on. Speaking of purple PCBs, this year's badge for the Open Hardware Summit runs on circuit Python. It's sort of a wristwatch form factor with a 1.5 inch LCD display. But there's loads more other sensors for temperature, pressure and humidity, an IMU, a gesture sensor, a STEM-a-quick connector, and it supports Bluetooth LE. And for the final touch, it's also the 100th board to support circuit Python. Time for more projects. Brent Rebelle created this adorable desktop TOTP authentication friend for your two-factor authentications. This project runs on the PyPortal, displays the codes constantly, and a simple touch interface lets you switch between different logins. It's worth mentioning that because the code runs on circuit Python, the auth strings are easily available to anyone who has physical access to the project and knows where to look. So this is better suited to home than office use. But it's a great project, and it looks particularly handsome in these classic CRT enclosures designed by the Ruiz brothers. Last month, John Park wowed us with his Apple Notification Service Center Notifier for the circuit playground Bluefruit and the TFT Gizmo. This month, he's gone a little crazy with it. He's built three different Bluetooth based remote controls for various devices, and they're all pretty great. The first one is a now playing display running on the circuit playground TFT Gizmo that makes use of the Apple Media Service Library to display the song that's currently playing. Another one is a volume knob that works with anything that understands the USB HID library so you can control the volume remotely. The last one uses the same library and a few push buttons to create a rudimentary keyboard. It's not hard to imagine that he's going to eventually vultron these all together into a remote media console, but I guess we'll just have to wait and see. It's getting easier and easier to dip a toe into the machine learning pool, but the most charming way is this serial sorter powered by Teachable Machine. Teachable Machine is a service provided by Google. That's a web based machine learning interface. Here it's being used to look at bits of serial and separate the marshmallows from the other bits.  And if it's a marshmallow, it gets dumped into one cup or another if it's not. From the Adafruit community this month, we've got a Pie Portal sensor and control interface for Home Assistant. Home Assistant is perfect if you want to get into home automation, but would rather roll your own than trusting all of your home info to the cloud. The portal here is just controlling a few smart lights and responding to the light sensor on the Pie Portal. But with all the sensors it has on board, you could easily use it for temperature control and plenty more. And the touchscreen interface could make for a convenient wall-mounted control surface. Time for some tips and tools. Lady Aida brought up this tutorial for calibrating your gyroscopic sensor. It goes into a little bit of how these tiny components work and why they come from the factory with some non-zero data, even when they're at rest. She tells you how to dial them in, the data you get from them is a lot more usable. Colin Cunningham has a pair of hacks for the Oculus Quest. The first is a tutorial on how you can side-load software onto your headset. You'll need to register as an Oculus developer, but that seems to be the most intrusive step. The other hack is a lot less involved. It's just a quick tip for adding a battery to the strap of your headset for added playtime and hopefully more comfort. We talked about Teachable Machine earlier. Lady Aida also has a tutorial for it on the Adafruit Learning Center. She teaches it how to identify her face, her face with her hoodie up, and when she's not present at all. And then it displays the results on a circuit playground. If you're ready to dig in and see what machine learning is all about, or you just wanna see what computers on the back end are doing with all those capture images you click on, check this one out. Powering a number of projects in this episode, this month's Adafruit product spotlight is the Itsy Bitsy NRF 52840 Express Board. True to its name, it has a really minuscule footprint of only 1.3 inches by 0.7 inches to fit into just about any project, but it packs an incredible punch. It supports Bluetooth low energy, a special output pin for five-volt applications, human interface applications, and more. You can code for it in CircuitPython and the Arduino IDE. You really don't wanna miss this one. And that is gonna do it for this month's show. I hope you enjoyed it. If you did, give us a thumbs up or leave us a comment. It's always great to hear from you and hear what kind of projects you're working on. As always, huge thanks to everyone at Adafruit for giving this show a home and to you for watching. Stay busy, we'll see you in March.


We said that The server authentic authenticates the client the client authentication common way is using password based So an example of that Again, I secure shell into ICT and we're not log in. We'll just run a command and First problem my client cannot authenticate the server It received the public key, but it doesn't know if it's a correct public key I must manually verify so what I would do is go to the server and find this Fingerprint see if it matches if it matches I type yes if it doesn't matches match. I'll type no Now for the server to verify the client it asks for a password and I type in the password So that's the client authentication step password based the user Supplies their password and the server lets them in if it's correct That was on ICT Let's do it on a different server. It's coming. Okay password less authentication again no password I connected to this server and Ran a command and I didn't supply a password So how does the server know it's someone who's allowed to access the server if I'm not supplying a password How does the server authenticate? It's it's someone who's allowed to access What form of client authentication can we perform if we don't use a password? We can use keys Public-private keys. So the other approach of authentication is key-based authentication so what I've set up in advance is that my client has a public-private key pair and and My public key is loaded into the server The server knows my public key. So when I contact that server I Encrypt a message using my private key and The server verifies that using my public key To confirm that it's actually me because the only person who could encrypt using my private key is me So this is key-based authentication You don't need a password to log in But it requires some setup in advance. What was the setup? First on the client on the client we said that the client has its own RSA key pair It's RSA public key and it's RSA private key. I'll show you my public key Not my private key There it is encoded in a way to save in a text file, but that's my RSA public key What I've done in advance is copied that to the server Let's check. So I'll log into the server. So in advance on the server There's a file called authorize keys This file lists on the server the public keys of clients which are authorized to access this server and Inside there may be many Not sure There are multiple there one of them if you look closely will correspond to my laptops So the idea with key-based authentication or password less authentication with secure shell the client has its own be specific RSA in this case public and Private key pair and The server knows the client's public key. How does it know it? I manually copied it there in advance and that must be done in a secure manner So it must be done in a trustworthy manner, but there are commands that do that But if we manually load that RSA public key of the client then when the client tries to access the server in one of the messages and I don't have a capture for that in One of the messages the client sends Some message which is encrypted with the RSA private key and What's encrypted? It doesn't matter. It's just assigned essentially some data Some known data. Okay, so this is in the key exchange at the start and The server knows it's the correct client and it verifies it decrypts Let's say This is some value x that we receive It decrypts that x value With the RSA public key of the client That is the client signs a message when it sends to the server. It's signed with the private key of the client If it successfully verifies with the public key of the client then that message must have came from that client and Because the server's already approved anyone that contacts me with this corresponding private key it can log in Then now the server verifies. Ah, this is the correct client. It's not someone pretending to be this client Let them log in No need to ask for for a password So we can use key-based authentication to do log ins to remote servers Yep, so in this case, how does the server really know that RSA PUC is the public key of the client? Same question as when we authenticate the server How does the client know that the RSA public key of the server is that of the server? We don't unless we have some manual verification All right, so we need to load this public key onto the server We need to do that in a secure manner or in a mate manner in which we trust it That is we could be have access to both computers via some other means and and read the value and check the fingerprint Yeah, we could use certificates, but that would require some authority to be set up and in a secure shell We generally don't use Require some authorities because it's not them So convenient to use that when we're accessing different servers So usually it's sufficient to manually transfer it or to verify That is verify with at first using a username and password and then verify are that's the correct one and Therefore we trust this public key. So that's password less log ins or key-based or client authentication


Okay, welcome to the bookmap platform details webinar risk disclaimer trading equities and futures involves substantial risk of loss Is not suitable for all investors past performance is not indicative of future results for more information go to bookmap comm once you are a member in trial you have access to not only book map, but the Other resources that are available. For example, there is the advanced order flow analysis webinar at 11 a.m. Eastern time so in about 27 minutes or so concept behind that is Understand first the platform what book map is what is displaying? and then Ask any questions here because there are a lot of features and functionality and then secondly In the in the next webinar once you are in trial you'll be beyond that and you'll be interested in not those questions You'll be interested in reading the order flow and applying it to your trading. All right, so that's why we're making the distinction Between the two webinars, so let's let's take a look here Go to bookmap comm and Wanted to show you a few things. We're not data providers You will need to have your own data provider. So connectivity you can see the list here of different Brokers as well as the different data feeds that We support okay pricing here's where you can find book map for that trial Okay, there's two versions of book map the book map basic and the advanced You get 14-day trial period for each of them or one or the other and The difference between the two Are the add-ons and the ability to trade from the chart here? All right Now if you're interested in the DX feed, there's a package deal here for basic and advanced as well The difference here Is that with the DX feed is this is for us equities only? Okay, we're not a data provider We've partnered with DX feed just to offer the US equities and that's it. Okay, it's not about The futures it does the DX feed it does not offer the futures Okay, if you want the futures you got to come up here and you got to have one of these data providers that we support William, okay, let's see here. You'd like to know how to read and interpret correctly the red numbers, please Yeah, okay, I'll get into that. I just a minute here and Okay, so book map basic and advanced and then there's packaged here with the DX feed now if you want us equities and you already You just want the basic or advanced here. You don't want the package deal. You can still get DX feed monthly so Book map basic and advanced it is billed quarterly. So note that it's for three months each and The DX feed will be an add-on you will add it on to book map basic or advanced Okay, and I believe it's 59 a month Okay All right You can follow us here on Twitter. I get most up-to-date information here And then you can also subscribe to our YouTube page all sorts of videos and resources here I would recommend if you guys are looking further into book map start with the the we'll start first with the Intro video know what you're looking at and then next start to go through the features and components here okay, the book map 6.0 overview start there and then There are many here as well There are some of the selected webinars if you want to look at some of the advanced webinars You can see that they are here as well as the platform details Okay, and then we have a professional trader a futures trader 71 here And you have some of his webinars if you want to see how he uses book map Okay, these order flow video snippets. These are very short concise and informative They go through what you're looking at in the order flow now These videos are a good resource It is what we cover in detail in the advanced webinar that starts in about 23 minutes or so, okay All right Let's take a look at book map. All right, we're looking at the s&p e-mini and Well, we just keep on seeing the all-stock index is climbing to a new highs all right pretty pretty good stuff and the I'll get into what we're looking at here in the in in the order flow and and look at the basics of Bookmap start at the drill down to the very very basics of What you're looking at here and then we're going to add on layers of Detail all right and and data. Let me get to your questions here William Okay, there's a red number here that you see okay in the current order book And it's displayed as either you just right-click in here and you'll see like It's displayed as bars or bars and numbers. Okay, if it says numbers, it won't be shown here. All right And what this is is this is actually our older iceberg detector indicator. Okay, it's an add-on for the book map advanced Now we kept it just to You know because traders were still accustomed to it so we kept it But we have a new iceberg indicator here Okay, and it's this red and green number that you see on the historical chart. This is much better much more accurate you can see Exactly where these icebergs took place whereas the red numbers here if price comes back down and refreshes that level This red number will disappear. Okay, so on the historical chart though it doesn't okay So you can see it here. Okay this that should answer your question William Yeah, okay, William I'll answer your your question about what book map is representing here as I go through the the demo so This will I'm glad you're in we'll go through The process here and you'll understand exactly what book map is here. Oh We do we do analysis on crude oil Several times It really depends on what's moving what looks good You know the crude oil here. We can we can see that I was looking at it earlier We saw the breakout here. I or these I saw the breakout here at 50 and above so it's off to the upside. Okay Anyway, yeah, we can cover that as well I cover it many times Just whatever traders are mostly looking at is what we want to go over All right So it can apply applies to their trading and most most traders are looking at the stock indexes All right, but we're I'm happy to look at other other markets as well and we do we do all the time. Okay? All right, so Let's go through this process. We're gonna turn on candlesticks and I'm gonna turn off everything else All right, so we're looking at a five-minute candlestick chart here, and let me actually even get rid of Now you want to look at you know, you want to look at the Nasdaq as well. Okay, I think you're in the advanced Order flow analysis too, you know if If so, then I can I can cover we can cover it there, but no not yet. Okay but well, let's we'll just start off here and go through it and Look at the S&P for now. All right, and then maybe If I go through here quickly enough, we can look at briefly at oil and and the NQ. All right Okay, five-minute candlestick chart now Five-minute candlestick chart is only showing you four data points open high low close Okay, and we're making financial decisions based on that. That's not good There is so much more going on here and and we have we have no idea Where traders have committed themselves? We have no idea About the traded volume What type of volume where it took place when it took place how fast it took place all of this information is pertinent to understanding The pressures in the market Okay, we have a volume sub column here. This is what most traders look at All right, or in many derivatives of time price and volume Really That's kind of an issue as well. The problem is the derivative of that is usually lagging you You'll get a calculation and you're way behind the curve before before the moves start to happen That's why we want to look at the order flow and that's why we want to look at book map here Because it solves a lot of these issues of market transparency for example the volume Okay, so let's go over here and we're going to turn on the just a historical best bid and offer and we already have insight All right, I can see a little double double bottom test here. Very curious to see what what occurred here I imagine we're gonna see some some heavier volume here and very light volume on this pullback here and Probably right around in this area. We're gonna see aggressive buy orders sweeping the book higher Okay up into higher areas Okay sweeping of the book is a concept that we also go over in the advanced webinars. All right, so I won't cover it here We're just gonna go through the basics And then you can see we based here for a bit and then broke out again of this little structure Okay, which you can't really see in the in the candlesticks and we continue higher Okay, so let's turn on the volume and see where people are committed All right, beautiful. Let's zoom in. I'm gonna click on the hand tool And then zoom into this area here with my center mouse wheel. Here's what more or less exactly what I was looking for Heavier volume on the way down here. We see nice cluster of market sell Volume here on the retest though look at the some of these areas here very little selling and then they started to hit The bid with aggressive market buys here. So let's zoom into this area. And what do I mean by? Aggressive market buys. Okay here in this area historical best bid and offer. That's all this is okay, and Best bid is the green line best offer is the red line now most of us know that information Okay, now we use the aggressive classification of volume So if you hit the market buy button You're going to get filled on the best offer and you're going to take liquidity from there From the trader that is offering there and a green dot will appear okay, and Aggressive sell would be a market sell and it takes liquidity off of the best bid Okay, you can use the rollover tool here To see exactly what traded okay. It gives me the date the time What was on the offer or ask at this price level in the volume? So this was for a volume of three this one here was volume of one And one Look at the bigger dot here. There's there's both buying and selling in here Okay, and that was for a volume of five hundred and eleven overall Okay, most of this is aggressive buying though. That's what's lifting the offer and that's a great insight here to You know where traders are committing their money in these markets You're not going to see that in the candlestick chart. That's the problem and Let's see here We even get a nice little little pullback here with very little or none of No selling here at all Okay, so now we have an understanding of what occurred down at this little swing Okay, candlestick charts not showing any of that okay, even if you're looking at for example a Footprint chart which shows the the aggressor okay shows the aggressive buying and selling This little microstructure is not going to show it's going to aggregate all of this data together and You won't you won't see it. So this is giving more transparency and clarity Than a footprint chart. Okay, if you want the exact numbers. Well, you can use the rollover tool Okay, and hover over the volume dots You can just look at it visually and understand that Looking at the pie display for example in these in these areas here more buying than selling a little more selling Than buying here and then more buying than selling Okay, if I continue to zoom in note that will break apart all of that trading activity and This is what really occurred here. Okay? And we're down now at Microsecond level so we can see Every single market event. Okay, it's all recorded in bookmap. This is a lot of data Okay, now we don't trade off of millions of seconds. Okay, the hour goes do But we can start to see some of that algorithmic activity here But we zoom out though and note how we're giving you the overall delta of the volume that occurred here Okay, you know that three quarters of this was aggressive buying that is helpful for us Okay, and as we zoom out we get a picture of where the volume traded how much How quickly these moves took place in the microstructure and what type of volume it is aggressive buying or selling that is a lot of insight Okay, so William that should answer your question on the on the volume what the dots are What they represent and how to start to read them Okay, and getting into some of the details about reading them. Well, that's that's more geared for that for the next webinar the Now showing the volume is essential it gives a lot of a lot of insight here and Just by reading this little area here. We can see the bullish activity the Now let's go to the current market. Okay, so in the current market This is the current market window here We have the the dash lines here are the best bid and offer right now in this market Okay, and this number is the last traded volume in this market. Okay, so Usually what we want to understand is not only the volume But we want to understand the the limit order book the COB here. This is your limit order book in book map Okay, this is your dome Here now we I have two of them one is at bars only one is as numbers split out to represent Regular dome We have all sorts of volume columns here. This is a chart range volume column. This is a session range volume column Okay, so we're at the high of the day here for the cash session and Anyway Looking at the volume and it is good looking at the dome gives us insight to where the traders are lined up to deal in the auction Okay, this is the next level of insight We can see here to 1600 contracts over 1600 at 95 Okay, and that's good information. We know that the sellers are up here. Okay, if the market wants to come up in in You know hit the majority of these sellers. They're up here We can also see almost 1400 contracts tick below and then 1100 contracts Okay So it's it's getting kind of thick in this area here now the problem with this dome is you're gonna have to remember level of 95 How long these guys were here with all these contracts? Did they add? Did they pull as price started coming up toward them? Where did they move to? Did they add or pull above or below if it's below it's more aggressive They're they really want to sell they're kind of chasing the market so That's a lot of insight and it's great insight in the current market Problem is here. You're gonna have to remember all of that data Okay, and this is where book map solves that issue because we take this data and we give it a Graphical representation in the heat map. All right, so this will answer your next question William The the heat map here. Okay in the current market window When you see the liquidity change, you're gonna see the heat map change It's gonna represent the high liquidity. Okay, so 1600 contracts is bright white. We can see it right here 13 almost 1400 one tick below is is is bright white, too Now we can you know very easily filter the heat map To give much more insight, but I just want to to bring that up just to show you That all the data is here. All right but then It's really up to you to what setting you want to look at and understand Some of the behavior of the auction Okay, so you'll see the the heat map change when the liquidity changes now when that happens It all of this data here is recorded Okay, and it's projected onto the chart historically. So when you see that liquidity change You'll see a striation in the heat map. So these striations that you see here is the adding and pulling of liquidity Okay, and now what this allows us to do is Look at it the historical limit order book We can see where they're lining up to trade and we can understand their behavior in the limit order book Okay, so we can see that price came up into this area here And they started to add in a little bit actually so they want to sell it looks like now price is coming up again And we'll see if these guys at 94 and 3 quarters want to sell Okay, they're adding in a little bit right now. It's getting a little bit brighter. These guys at 95 are still here Okay, so Now we can start to gauge the auction and the intent of the sellers up here All right, so that's the complete picture very objective complete picture of this market condition current market condition and historical market condition All right, so it looks like there's a lot going on here. It's actually pretty simple stuff and very very objective. It's really This current market condition recorded and then just projected here historically so you get the entire view Okay, and that is a lot more transparency than these candlesticks Okay, so even it even the looking at the I don't know if you're reading market profile or if you're reading You know volume profile or looking at You know specific indicators You know like like I mentioned before I mean this is giving you really You know a complete picture of the market. It's it's not a derivative And that's something that it's just factual data. This is what occurred. This is their intent And we can start to read it in the auction Okay Okay So Putting all those pieces together. Well, you know, let's let's let's take a look here You know, we're looking for is a you know buying pressure looks pretty good here. I like that. There's volume trading up here I think we're gonna test 95 Okay, because we see buyers are still engaged here. They're selling too. No question but You know, we see a little bit of buying pressure here look over in this area here We see more buying pressure as well. Look at these areas down here The sellers kind of drying up a bit, right? We see a little more buying here and we can see them lift the offer in this area. It looks good for continuation to the upside Okay, that's just by reading the volume. Okay Now let's put that together with the heat map And start to gauge their intent and we've already done that we can see that actually now They're getting really interested here at this 94 and three quarters 1600 contracts it was 1400 before I Can see that change here Okay, right here in the striation. Here's four or a third 13 to 1400 and then it jumps up into 1663 All right, so now we're starting to gauge their intent here and it looks like they want to they want to sell Okay, so these buyers we might start to see them dry up a little bit now So it's adding a little more complexity to that that picture I was Starting to outline for testing 95. Okay, it's a little more Less less sure I would say we can still test it but all I'm starting to analyze Is their intent to trade here and I know that they want to trade Okay, so if the buyers want to take them on they need to trade through all of these 1600 contracts on the two price levels All right Okay, so that said I got a few more minutes here. Let's take a look at Nasdaq and do the same thing Okay, Nasdaq looks pretty good. Look at the this is a phenomena that we cover in the Advanced webinars and I can show you a video for it as well This is a flip of the book of liquidity. Look how we're channeling in this area here between high areas of liquidity on the bid here And then on the offer up in this area Okay, look how we broke through that area with aggressive buying. Okay, the initiated buyers came in here and pulled price up out of the range and Then they flipped their liquidity from the offer to the bid and we are now in a new range Okay, this is something we see frequently and I don't want to overwhelm you guys because we're just going through the basics here But you asked for the analysis on the NQ. That's what I'm seeing so far Okay And that's that's a bigger bigger picture overview. There's a little bit of selling right here But buying up here. So I think we kind of go sideways for a little bit here Anyway, oil. Let's take a jump over and take a look at oil. Oil's been bullish Let's see here. Yeah, I think we may see if we get Yeah, I like this cluster of volume down here, but I see also up here a nice cluster. We've come back up and tested Okay. Yeah, I think we're probably gonna come up and test 50 50 50 again Okay, just based on you know, simple stuff that I'm looking at very very quickly here All right Still bullish still holding structure here comes sellers Okay, but if the seller this if the sellers take control here Well, what they've got to do is they got to get down below this area And we got to see more aggressive selling here Okay, and why do I say that right because look at the move to the upside more aggressive buying More aggressive buying it leads to that breakout to the upside more best aggressive buying here Actually here We see a little bit of a retreat on that But then they they break above and more best aggressive buying and we see a nice pop to the 50 50 half figure up here Okay It might be seen an order flow switch here starting to see some more sellers starting to jump in here And and the sellers well, what about on the bid and the offer? Where are they lined up not getting too much insight here? There we go there we go just need to change that quickly and Okay buyers are pretty aggressive here And they're also down here at 50 30 Okay, all sorts of stuff to look at and go over You know, I'm I would kind of anticipate it a Move back up here into this area, and then we'll see if those aggressive buyers come back in and yet again but this would be the retest area right here probably around I Know 50 39 something like that. Let's see if we get that retest and And then we might get one more push to just grab liquidity down below here around Maybe 53 30 or 50 30. I'm sorry Maybe even a bit lower because this is where we really broke from down here at 25. Hey, I can see the volume here But I don't see them lining up in the limit order book yet Okay, anyway, just some basic stuff for a few different markets and Let's call it a day and jump over to the next one. Okay. All right guys. Yeah, thanks for coming. We'll see you tomorrow You


Oh, like gang. If people haven't realized that the United States is run by an oligarchy, man, check this out. You had Bush in the White House, right? In power from 1980 to 1992, right? Reagan was for eight years, but Reagan's vice president was Bush. He really ran everything, right? So Bush in power for 12 years. And then you had Clinton's in power for eight years. And then you had Bush's in power again for another eight years. So 20 years, okay. In the last, we'll do a count, from 1980. So that's 40 years. 20 years of it was run by Bush's. And then after Bush, you had Obama and Clinton was in there too in the whole shebang as well, right? So Clinton was eight years, original Clinton, the pedophile Clinton on Lolita Express Clinton, Bill Clinton. And then you had Lady Clinton that was probably, well, pedophile thing, right? Hillary, one of the most horrendous creatures on this planet for four years doing what they call Secretary of State. No, that's like, what was it called anyway? She was a huge role to play in there, right? So that's another four years. And then she stepped out and tried to run for office again, right? Try to get the presidency again.  So 20 years Bush's, eight, 12 years Clinton's, right? That they try to get another four, eight years out of it.  Biden's. Oh, Biden was with Obama, vice president Obama, right? So you have eight years of Obama, another four years of Biden, right? What is this shit? Do a lottery. The best thing we can do in our societies is take the names. It's all in the database. At random, pick random Americans, random Canadians to fill positions. Really, it's like jury duty, but your job is to run the government. You will do more. A random lottery in our societies to run government, they will do more good for society than any of these crony damn puppets, than any of these people.