Hi everybody, thank you for coming today for joining us for this NCAR Explorer series student opportunities event. My name is Dr. Lorena Medina Luna and I work in NCAR in the Education and Outreach department. I'm an education specialist and if you're not familiar with NCAR, it's the National Center for Atmospheric Research and it's located in Boulder, Colorado. But today everybody here will be presenting actually from their own homes. So thank you for welcoming us into your own spaces. NCAR is a world-leading organization dedicated to the study of the atmosphere, the earth system, and the sun. And I'm very excited to today because we have a panel of program leads, scientists and the student who participated in scientific research in the past. And so we have an opportunity for you all to learn about what opportunities are available and what you can apply for starting this fall and we hope you can apply. And if you have any questions, we are using the Slido interface. So as you're logged on, if you scroll down the page, you'll notice there's a Slido window that you could join. You can ask us some questions through that. And we actually have a poll that's running that asks the question, what do you think of when you hear science research internship? So we'll come back to that word cloud in a bit, give you some time to put in your answers. And if you haven't explored our NCAR Explorer series website, definitely check it out. We have a whole bunch of different lectures and conversations with scientists from across different labs at NCAR and some of the member universities where you can learn more about the research that's going on. And maybe some research that you might be involved with if you're applying and you virtually come to work at NCAR, UCAR or UCP. So let's just quickly introduce our panelists before going to our word cloud. So first today we're going to have Jerry Sikoni. He's a student program coordinator at NCAR. Hi Jerry. Hello everyone. Then we also have AJ Lauer. She's a program director for the site parks program at NCAR. Hi AJ. Hi everyone. We also have Kadyria Thiero. She is a program lead for the source program under UCAR site. Hi Kadyria. Good afternoon everyone. We also have Rosy Marios Berrios. She is a scientist at NCAR, a source alumni and a research mentor. Hi Rosy Mar. Hi, hola. We have one of our students, Angelina Nieves Jimenez. She's a source prodigy and a student at the University of Puerto Rico and my OS. Hi Angelina. Hi everyone. It's nice to have you here. And we also have Agbele Ameco. He's an associate scientist in CISL, the outreach diversity and education group. Hi Agbele. Hi everyone. So we have a great group of people here to speak with you today. But first Dan, can you show us what is the word cloud looking like for people who are participating through Slido? And when you think of scientific research internship, people have saying an opportunity to gain specific knowledge and network, laboratory, lots of numbers, conducting group or individual research, working under scientists for professional development, research opportunity regarding a scientific topic, and this opportunity. But a biggest one is network opportunity to gain specific knowledge and network. So thank you all for letting us know what you're thinking about. And with that, I'm going to hand it over to our first panelist, Jerry Sikoni, who will talk about some of the programs at NCAR, and then we'll just kind of go through the line. If you have questions after each of our panelists present, definitely we'll be able to take those questions. And for all of you, all of you who have submitted questions prior to the event, we have them up on Slido for our panelists to answer as well. So Jerry, I'll welcome you back and I'll hand it over to you. Hello everybody again, just give me one second I am going to share my screen. And there we go. All right, well my name is Jerry Sikoni. I am the NCAR education and outreach student program coordinator. I've been at NCAR in some capacity for about four plus years I've been in this role for just over a year. And I'm excited to talk to you about some of our opportunities for undergraduates graduates and postdocs that we have here at NCAR UCAR and USP. And Lorena already kind of mentioned a little bit but I just want to talk a little bit about a little bit more about NCAR and NCAR is a federally funded research and development center. It stands for National Center for Atmospheric Research and it serves a broad community, including atmospheric and geospace scientists and researchers in complementary areas of the earth system sciences. And NCAR is managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research which is UCAR and is funded by the National Science Foundation, the NSF. So, why do an internship, I'm sure some of you are asking yourselves that I mean if you're here you have thought about it. And what I'll say to you is there's a few reasons why you could why you should do an internship, one of which being that research is shown that participating in an internship is the most heavily weighted attribute considered by employers when evaluating a recent college graduates or a graduate who is resuming. So what an internship can do is really help make your resume stand out in a sea of other candidates. Some other things doing a research, excuse me an internship can do for you is find out if you enjoyed doing research in the first place. I started in a more research role here at NCAR and I've moved more into education and outreach, because I realized that's what I love doing and that's something that really spoke to me. I find in doing research that that's where you want to be, and we all have our different paths. Also, while at NCAR, you'll be able to meet peers and colleagues in science from all across different disciplines of science and network, and which is one of the things that I saw in the word cloud that was just posted. Also, you can learn skills that are valued by employees in grad schools, some of which include project experience communication skills, decision making and professionalism. So let's go through some undergraduate opportunities that we have in NCAR, UCAR and UCP. So I'm going to list through some of these, and then I'm going to go into depth on some of them further in our next slide. So to start off, we have our Earth Observatory Lab super program, which is EOL, EOL TIP program, and our HAO, which is the high altitude observatory bold program. We have the REU and space physics, which is a research experience for undergraduates. And that's in space and solar physics. We have an ACOM, which is one of our labs internship a unit data internship, which is also one of our other labs at NCAR. And then we have the W program, which is the undergraduate leadership workshop. And we have the Cyparks program that AG will talk about later, and the UCAR source program that Kdeedee will talk about later. I'd also like to bring up before I go any further the NCAR internship, which is a new internship that we're offering at NCAR. It will be for six students, we're looking at about split between undergraduate and graduate students. It will be an internship in computational sciences, atmospheric, excuse me, atmospheric sciences. We have not posted yet for this for applications, it will be after the new year so keep an eye out for that and you can continue to follow. If you jump into the link that's below and I believe we're going to offer this slide deck as a PDF after this event, and will be sent to you so you'll be able to check out those links. I'd like to say that all of our programs basically run from May to August. This past year it ran till I think the end of July and that's just how the calendar worked out but usually they're about 10 weeks except for the ulw and I'll talk about that later. They cover salary housing and travel when applicable as of right now we're obviously in coven and there isn't much traveling going on. So that has constrained us somewhat on that end, hopefully at some point within the next year so we can get back to somewhat closer to normal. And also just to let you know in some cases we will fund a trip to a national conference for you to present the work that you've done here at NCAR. One of the things that NCAR does offer within your intern experience is science communication training, career planning, and cohort building. And this is part of a professional development workshop series that we offer students that are weekly through your internship. This past year we did it on Thursdays they're about two hours long. And there are topics every every from things that are everything from leadership training, diversity, equity inclusion training, science communication. And at the end of your summer will prep you and help you get ready for the virtual poster symposium for you to be able to present the work that you've done over the summer to scientists at NCAR faculty and peers. I'm going to go a little bit further in depth into some of the programs that we have and I talked about earlier. The super program is for those interested in engineering and instrumentation, and the super program accepts usually about four students. And you'll be able within this internship to develop new to develop new instruments, have a chance to improve on our existing suite of lower atmosphere observing facilities. And some of the past projects, as you can see listed have to do with hardware design signal processing data visualization and disciplines such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering aerospace, physics and math. We also have the REU experience for solar and space physics and this is a 10 week program that is a collaboration between NCARs HAO high altitude observatory and CU Boulder and it gives students interested in solar and space physics, an opportunity to work with with institutions. And, and this is also for undergraduate, excuse me for undergraduate supply for a paid summer research experience for highly motivated students interested in solar and space physics. We have the unit data software development internship. And this is for undergraduates and graduates soft for software engineers and scientists on projects and atmospheric and computational computational sciences application that applications are now open and the deadline is the 22nd of January they take about three to four students and unit data does as the other internships I mentioned before to take part in the NCAR UCAR wide intern activities including the end of summer poster session. For more information, as with the other slides, you can check out the unit data website link below. Next we have the undergraduate leadership workshop. And this is a workshop that I co lead along with Tim Barnes and science side department. It is a five day immersion experience at NCAR. We went virtual this past summer for the first time we we accept about 20 students. And it's for students that are interested in an opportunity to explore careers and atmospheric sciences, and really to develop your leadership potential. As I said it's a five day immersion experience. This is slightly different than other programs that we offer in that we usually what we do is in January, we reach out to atmospheric departments, and we asked for faculty faculty to nominate someone for this program. Now if you're interested in this program, and you want to be nominated, you may want to reach out to a faculty member at your institution, and as that faculty member to nominate you. We'll start I believe in around the middle of January with opening applications and the application processes open up until mid March and we usually select in April. Now some graduate student opportunities to talk about. We have the ASP graduate visitor program. And through the ASP graduate visitor program graduate students basically can come to NCAR from anywhere from two to 12 months to work on their C thesis or equivalent project final project with guidance from an NCAR We typically sponsor about 20 to 25 students per year. Unfortunately, right now the application process closed in October so applications processes is done for this year and going into 2021. It will reopen in October of 2021 for the 2022 cohort. So if you are about to be a graduate student or be a graduate student at that time next year this may be something that you'd want to consider. The ASP colloquia. And this is a two week long event during summer it's also holds around 25 students and the next one coming up I believe is in July it's titled the science of sub seasonal to seasonal predictions. These colloquia overall are designed for graduate students that are working on or would like to work on newer rapidly developing areas of research in which there's not a lot of coursework material for you to use. And so what ASP colloquia does is brings together lecturers and graduate students from NCAR and the community at large. We also conduct some modeling workshops, including the CESM workshop, the wharf tutorial, the and past tutorial, the hurricane wharf tutorial, and those are available throughout the year are in our great ways to learn more about modeling and to participate in these projects that bring like minded scientists who enjoy modeling or want to know more about modeling together. Moving on to the bright workshop. Now the bright workshop which stands for broadening participation and the interdisciplinary geosciences hands on training on education. It's a little bit of a mouthful right. It sounds better. Well it's a workshop that provides opportunity for participants to embrace an interdisciplinary approach to scientific and societal changes and some of the things in the past for during the bright, bright workshop have included, but not limited to human health and weather disasters, foods, food security and also climate adaptation. We have graduate programs and fellowships, including the heliophysics summer school, which is a short summer school that focuses on space and solar physics, the influence of atmospheres ionosphere and magnetosphere throughout the solar system. We have another space science program which is the Boulder space weather summer schools for undergraduates and graduates. This is a two week program funded by the NSF we have the you car next generation fellowship. And this is as it says intended for graduate students from underrepresented communities, and the you car next gen fellowship offers three distinct tracks, one in earth system science, one in diversity and inclusion, and one in public policy. And a few other graduate student opportunities that we offer are the Ralph Chikaron fellow fellowship, the New Kirk fellowship, and the Najib e Halabi fellowship which you can find more information if you follow the link below. We also have postdoc postdoctoral opportunities. They are available to you at NCAR UCAR and UCP, one of which being the ASP fellowship and the LS ASP post doctor fellowship is basically the granddaddy or the grandmama of the programs that we have at NCAR it's been around for about 50 years. Excellent opportunity to conduct conduct independent research at NCAR and ASP fellows are mentored by leading NCAR scientists and engineers, they benefit from the breadth of science and training happening at NCAR. And many ASP fellowship program graduates have gone on to occupy prominent positions in the university community or at NCAR. And as stated earlier with our undergraduate programs and how we offer professional development workshops we do the same for our folks for our postdocs. And so we offer workshops on career and professional development and social events for them as well. So it's, it's a great program and a great chance to have to connect with with interns and graduate students and postdocs from across NCAR. And this, excuse me, some UCAR postdoctoral opportunities we have the NOAA climate and global change postdoc, excuse me postdoctoral fellowship program. And that's offered through CPAS which is the cooperative programs for advancement of earth systems science. And it's on behalf of the NOAA climate program office. We also have the NASA heliophysics Jack Eddy postdoctoral fellowship, and Jack Eddy was a pioneering solar researcher, and he was honored with the debut of the Jack Eddy postdoc postdoctoral fellowship and 2009. And the goal of the program is basically to train the next generation of researchers needed for the emerging field of field of heliophysics. I'd just like to say thank you for joining us today. I believe next up will be AJ and Lorena will jump in here in a second and I just want to say, apply, apply, apply. You're not going to get accepted to any internships that you don't apply for so apply apply for as many as you think that you'd like to be a part of we look forward to seeing your applications and hopefully look forward to seeing you here at NCAR whether virtually or in person at some time. Thank you so much everyone. Thank you Jerry so much for sharing all about like an overview of what are some of the projects that were research internships, give me that are available to students from early career stage to undergraduate and graduate students I think we have quite a bit of different grades or career levels here, and I do want to ask one of the questions that I'm seeing coming in about other opportunities that combine atmospheric and space sciences and Dan I don't think you have to post that question up real quick but I think just for the purpose of like asking that question because it did come in as a previously submitted question. And I think you might have mentioned some of these already. We have some for undergraduate we have some that are specific for graduate students as well. As I said we I believe, Lorna can you confirm that we'll be sharing this slide deck to participants, a PDF version so that they can check the links that were added that were linked to this slide deck. Yeah, we can do that and then. So there are opportunities to combine atmospheric and space sciences but I think it's more like the upper atmosphere ionosphere, kind of like the space weather aspect of the interaction of space weather with the atmosphere so there's always room to One of the cool things about the programs that I'm car or that the scientists and the students get to talk with each other to kind of formulate this research that the student has interest in and that the research scientists is also actively conducting. Thank you Jerry so much. And with that, I'll pass it over to AJ to talk about the side parks program with sizzle. Jerry. Let me share my screen for y'all. So, as Lorna said my name is AJ Lauer I use she her pronouns and the outreach diversity and education team lead and the director of the side parks program side park stands for summer internships and parallel computational science. That's why we call it side parks because it's a terrible acronym. I'm joined today by my colleague ag belly and make go he works with me in the outreach diversity and education team. He's also one of our mentors for the side parks program. Who gets a great chance to work with our students during the summertime. We started in 2007 with the goal of building the workforce to run supercomputers around the world. And it's changed quite a bit through the years you can see that first picture on the left hand side, we're actually not entirely certain that that's the first or the second year, but it was a pretty small group of guys. They're the fellow right in the middle in black is actually one of our current mentors for the side parks program he now works at the organization after having a great time in the side parks program so we're pretty happy to have him around that middle side is our cohort from 2018 and you see them there at the poster session which is the capstone project for the end of the summer. And then on the right hand side is our picture of this summer. So we did host the side parks program remotely this summer. We're very happy to be able to offer all of our interns the same positions that we were going to offer them even if they had come to boulder. So we had a full cohort of 13 people working from wherever they were, whether that was Puerto Rico or Idaho or gosh, North Carolina, they were all over the place this year. So it was pretty great to be able to still have that cohort of students working together and learning together throughout the summer this year. Our projects in the side parks program are largely technical as you might expect by the name of it. Our students work on application optimization they do data visualization they optimize our super computers. We have a project that will be doing some science education we have a really cool project that Agbelli works on with 300 weather stations, and as well as a warf model with which is the weather research forecasting model which we're running on Raspberry Pi units which are super tiny little computers. And so we have someone who's going to have the opportunity to help us develop some educational modules around some of the technical work that we're doing. The picture is something called media AR which was designed by one of our side parks interns about three or four years ago. His name is Nihon chair Kuru and Nihon's now works full time with us so he is serves as a mentor and we've had a really great ability to develop a real relationship with him throughout his career. It's been really fun to watch him develop as a professional now working at NCAR. All of the requirements for these projects are listed on our website which I will link to you for you on the last slide so keep your eyes open for that. In the side parks program we have three main focuses to make sure that we are providing a great experience for the students. One is making sure that the mentors are super well prepared. Two is providing those intern professional development opportunities that Jerry mentioned earlier and three is having really candid open conversations with the students throughout the summer. And so, you know something that anybody who participates won't see is that our mentors receive training on mentoring throughout the year. Yeah, because the side parks program has some focus on increasing the diversity of that HPC workforce we want to make sure that our mentors are prepared to really do a great job in working with any students that come in even if that student maybe has a different life background at the mentor does and so we try to keep our mentors thinking about mentoring, keep them learning about it, keep them excited about it throughout the entire year so that when the students show up in the summer they are ready to go with the best most recent knowledge about great mentoring practices when everybody comes. The professional development of course is not all just sitting in zoom calls usually, or sitting in a room watching somebody talk at you it's very active. Our students have the opportunity to visit our super computing center and get a behind the scenes tour that lasts about two hours and they really get to hear the nitty gritty of the data management and the building management and they get to see all the cabling that runs underneath the supercomputers all of that really cool tech stuff. As Jerry mentioned leadership development with the students which is a lot of hands on activities and self exploration and doing some group work to figure out what your leadership style is and how you work with others. And then we do a lot of fun stuff to that last photo on the right hand side is some students from two years ago out for a hike. What I probably can't tell from this presentation is that if you do have the chance to visit our Mesa lab. That is actually a trailhead and so from our parking lot you can get up into the mountains you can hike for 1520 miles if you want to so our students often take advantage of that opportunity over lunchtime and through scheduled activities as well. All of this is designed to help the students be successful, not only with their end of summer capstone presentations and posters and those kinds of things but also moving forward in the career. And the last thing is that we're really intentional about having lots of conversations with the students about where they want to go. What you're looking at here is two days from my schedule over the summertime it's a Wednesday and a Thursday on Wednesdays during the summertime in the morning we have something called women's mentoring brunch where we pull together scientists and computer scientists from across the organization and give women interns the opportunity to have some frank conversations about what it means to be a scientist. You'll also see all sorts of little tiny appointments all over this and that is my, my week three check in with all of the students I meet with every single student week three and week nine to make sure that they're doing okay have career conversations and those kinds of things. And then you'll also see there's a larger block on the right hand side that's one of those professional development workshops. This one was the diversity and inclusion workshop that we hold at the beginning of the summer at some point. And as far as it you know navigating future careers. For us in the side parks program we're obviously really excited when people can decide to continue into computer science decide to get doctorates whatever it is. But we're also really proud of our side parks alumni who owns their own coffee shop. We have someone who, you know roast their own coffee beans and manage their own business and that's also extremely cool for us that person came through side parks they finished school they decided that computing wasn't for them and they found a new path and they're super happy and super successful and that for us is really great measuring that success can be challenging for an internship program. And one of the ways that we do that aside from just anecdotal stories is through publications because publications is this, you know the language of scientists. We all understand what it means when you get a publication and so we measure the number of publications that our alumni get after participating in the side parks program so that you know could be something that we maybe had an influence on, as well as their publications that they do with and car staff because we can be pretty sure that students have that came from the program. So we've had 142 publications and car staff and through the years we've had about 15 alumni service and car staff. The last page is a QR code which you can click on to join our email list. We promise not to spam you with lots of email we only send about eight per year, and it's only about application information. We send out opportunities for extra internships we send out the, the ULW links we send out the source application links all of that kind of stuff any opportunities that you have to engage with and car and learn more about us and take advantage of our resources so I highly encourage you to click on that. Otherwise, visit us at www to sizzle.ukar.edu slash side parks. That's so awesome thank you so much AJ it's great to see what the computational aspect of atmospheric science has like that there are opportunities in computational science in the atmospheric sciences. Right, like all these we run the talk about climate and weather and things that requires huge amounts of computation and so we have to train people to be able to do it otherwise. How would our climate scientists be able to do their science. That's so awesome and I know that this past year you all hosted a virtual workshop so unfortunately unless you were already a boulder you weren't able to take those hikes out in the back of the mess of lab so I wonder if you can briefly talk about one of our questions that we had been asked was what is it like to participate in a virtual internship research program or just like a quick overview before we head over to Kadidia. Absolutely. So, students meet with their mentors mostly every day during a remote internship obviously you can't just walk down the hall to visit your mentor's office so we encourage our mentors to be very intentional about setting up that time every day. We have those professional development workshops every week. And then we also have check ins on Monday and Thursday with the program team so that would be me, egg belly, our staff person Virginia, who's not here today. And then we have lots of social things so we'll have trivia night or everybody playing video games or group Netflix watching all of that kind of stuff as social opportunities so it's much like a regular job but we try to sprinkle in all the other professional development and fun stuff too. That's great because I feel like one of the most important things that that comes out of these programs is that network and that cohort that keep connecting with each other beyond the summer program. Absolutely. Yeah, we set up a slack channel for our students this summer and they're still all chatting in there. Great. Well, thank you so much for sharing all those resources and information I know for everybody watching that it's, it's a lot to take in as of right now. There was a question on Slido that asks, can a full comprehensive list of all the official opportunities and programs and their applications be posted, as there are multiple sites for some of them. Just so, just as a response so that I do want to direct you all to the ucar.edu website with slash forward slash AGU 2020 forward slash workshops underscore tutorials but if you just go into the AGU 2020 workshop. The AGU 2020 website that was recently created. There is some list of some of the programs and opportunities available. But if you check out Heidi Kyler's comment on Slido, and you check the response that was added, the link is there for you all to check out. So thank you so much, AJ and next I want to introduce Kadidia Thiero with the source program. Can you tell us a little bit about about the source program and Yes, thank you so much, Lorena and thank you so much AJ and Jerry. The source program. What does source mean source mean significant opportunities and atmospheric research and science. Again, my name is Kadidia Thiero I am the principal investigator and program lead of source source is a program that has been around since 1996. Next slide please. This is our team. And we have a very small team by the very impactful team and we do have lots of dedication workshops, professional development like all of the other internships you've heard about thus far. Next slide please. This is our cohort from 2020 this past summer and you'll be hearing from one of our protegees and her mentor and in a bit, but we had eight protegees this past summer, which was a virtual program source is a program that is multi year. And so we're able to bring students back up to four summers per year. You have to start an undergraduate you can't be a graduate student but if you are in the program you can come back as a graduate student to participate. Next slide please. A few highlights of what the program does and what we can offer and what outcomes we've had thus far. And it's 24 year history we've had approximately 216 protegees from underrepresented groups and stem. That is SOAR's mission to broaden participation in STEM and atmospheric sciences. Right now, currently there are 62 students, protegees and alumni who are enrolled in bachelors, masters and doctoral degree programs. 103 bachelor degrees have been completed. 130 alumni have completed master's levels advanced degrees, and 51 alumni have earned their doctoral degree. Currently there are 29 in PhD programs right now and many of the alumni have multiple degrees not just MSS, BSS, but JDs, MAs, MBAs. It's wide open, you can do whatever you want. The picture below is a picture of our alumni's and protegees at an actual conference called the AMS, American Meteorological Society. That was earlier this year in January and we had a gathering of 40 plus protegees and alumni. So we were really excited. Everyone presents at conferences after you've done your research in the summer and I'll talk a little bit about the programming in a minute, but wanting to expressly talk about the community building. So SOAR's is built on research community and mentoring and community is very important. We stay in touch. The alumni is engaged with the program. So just something for you to know, you've been hearing in all of the presentations that networking is important. So yes, networking is important and this network has become a family. Next slide please. So this past summer, it was virtual. The well-being, mental health, and managing the effects of the global pandemic, as well as the US's racial reckoning were complex challenges that the entire country continues to deal with in process. Our protegees demonstrated grace under pressure and completed all the required deliverables. In our deliverables we have an abstract do a poster to a final paper as well as a research colloquium. All of the protegees are matched with their research mentors and writing mentors. In some cases, we had community mentors, computation and peer mentors. So that's what's unique about SOAR's. We have a five mentor model. And each protege can have up to five mentors when they begin the program. The theme unsurprisingly this year was adaptability, flexibility and resilience. Our program began on the 26th of May, and we had orientation which included leadership training, ethics and safety, overviews, diversity, equity and inclusion training, as well as mentors and protegees team meetings. So because protegees have multiple mentors, we all meet as a team prior to their arrival, as well as during the program so that everybody is working together in service of the student. Next slide please. I mentioned that we had workshops. So in addition to your research internship, you will have workshops and one is a scientific communication and writing workshop, as well as a computation and data science workshop. These workshops happen on Fridays with your cohort and we also have professional development. The pictures below show what happened this past summer and our writing workshop we had an elevator speech. We learned how to do elevator speeches because we do presentations all the time, but elevator speeches are not just for your research, they're just for you. For you to explain anything that you'd like to talk about your, you know, getting into graduate school, it's helpful, what your goals are, but also to give an idea about your project in a soundbite, basically. The next picture shows class in computation and data science where people are working on Python and Geoscience libraries. So that's one of the other aspects of this program. All of these workshops are weekly. Next slide please. I'm going to read one of the highlights from one of the projects from the summer we asked. We also surveyed the projects at midpoint as well as the end of summer. In your opinion, one of the most valuable aspects of the source program, please think about research, mentoring and community aspects. Please also describe the degree to which you feel like you contributed to the field. The ability to work with and learn from professionals is the best part about source. My mentors have an incredible amount of experience and knowledge, so there's much to learn from them. I feel like my project is on track to have a decent impact in the field and I'm very happy with my results thus far. Next slide. I want to tell you that we have a picture of an actual cohort in person in Boulder 2019 and we have the flat irons behind us. For the most part you saw pictures of screenshots because this past summer again was virtual. Typically when we are in person we have a cohort of about 20 students. We have the information are on the slide but you'll be getting a copy. Our application will likely be available in December and we are deciding when we'll close application date because we are pretty sure we're going to be a virtual next summer. We want to give students the opportunity to completely think about and fill out the application and that's all I have for right now. Thank you so much. That's so great to be able to see what it's like to have the full scope of the research internship. So we had Jerry and AJ mentioning the weekly workshops that NCAR interns receive and this one it sounds like you also have a workshop that's a weekly one with professional development. To hear that across NCAR and UCAR there are these opportunities for students to engage with research and to build their professional development and skills. And I love that you've also said that there was a space. Yeah, I love that there's also a space for you to acknowledge like the state of the world. You know it's hard with COVID. There's a lot of civil issues that need to be resolved and it's just feeling of loneliness. So it's great to show that you can also build the cohort and build resilience through these challenges. So thank you for sharing all of that. You're welcome. And I did have a question. You mentioned, you know these are all virtual programs right now. And one one question was, are there any opportunities for international students or is this more of like domestic funded program. Yeah, international students source is a NSF core funded program in our program you can be a permanent resident and or US citizen to participate. Thank you. And AJ would you be able to share a little bit about the Cy parks program as well. Yeah, so for the Cy parks program and I believed and Jerry I'll have to nod at us to affirm this for the end car internship as well. Students can be international students as long as they are able to work in the United States so they have to provide proof of their CPT or the OPT authorization to work in the US. Great. Thank you so much. And I think always keeping an eye out on what's happening in the world of the pandemic. We'll also have some limitations on just travel as of right now I think we're like, could you you mentioned kind of slated for virtual world of programming so it's great to hear the positive positive outcomes that have come across like in this past year with the virtual programming so thank you both. So with the questions I also wanted to ask since I'm Canadian AJ we're still there. I wanted to ask about what are the traits or skills that are desired, or what are some major requirements that you can kind of talk about and I know we were still getting to Rosy Mod and Angel lead to talk about the mentorship and the student program and I barely so I know it's we're crunching on time but I do also want to mention for anybody viewing if we don't get to your questions today we will have an office hours that you can talk with Jerry and connect to get any more of your questions answered, but I'll pass it over to you all about some of the, the key skills desired or any major requirements for your programs. Okay, sure. For sores, you have to have an interest in STEM. The application requires two essays one about diversity and leadership and career and pathway, and we accept all stem students. You have to have a minimum 3.0 GPA to apply and there are two recommendations at present. The essays really do count a lot we want to know what you are interested in pursuing. You do not have to have prior research experience this is an opportunity for you to decide whether this is the pathway for you. So, you know, it's one of those things internships are meant to determine if you like your area or you may want to change your focus. So those are pretty much the main requirements. Thanks, Cadetia. Again, so for the CyParks program we list the requirements on all of the project description so if you visit our website you'll see the list of all 12 projects that we have available this summer. And at the bottom of each project it'll say we need you to have experience in, you know, Python scripting or general coding experience and anything and we'll teach you anything else you need. But this year's projects range from, you know, anybody who's interested in any kind of science and computational science to educators for the science education project all the way to super specific things that only graduates who are interested in a very specific part of computer science are going to even know what those words mean. And so we have a wide range of students and requirements for what we need for the CyParks program so just check out the website and see where you fit. Like Cadetia said, our application is very similar. We expect a resume, a transcript so that we can verify if there are course requirements that you probably have those course requirements. And we expect a cover letter. The cover letter is super important if you apply to CyParks, follow all of the directions. If you don't answer one of our required questions for the cover letter you will probably get thrown out. We have hundreds of applications every year and so people who don't follow directions don't make it very far through the process so please give us all of the information we ask for when you apply. That's a great thank you both for sharing and Jerry for sharing information about the programs as an overview and I now want to go over to Rosie Meyer who was a student for the source program. And then she was an ASP postdoc, and now she's a project scientist, she's a scientist at NCAR, and a mentor, giving back to the source program as a mentor. But I'll pass it over to you if you can give us some some information about who you are and what that science mentorship program looks like at source. Sure. Thank you Lorena. Well, I am Rosie Maria Sirius.  But in addition to that I get to be a science mentor so I want to tell you very briefly about my journey with going from being a mentee to being a science mentor. I'm originally from Puerto Rico, and I went to my undergrad there at the University of Puerto Rico at my West. I knew that I wanted to study meteorology for graduate school so I did a summer internship at NCAR through the source program in 2011. And then I got to have such a wonderful, enriching and very growing experience being a mentee at NCAR, and I was especially impacted by the amount of time and energy that my mentor spent trying to help me learn not only about the atmospheric sciences and hurricanes in particular, but also about how to code, how to write a scientific article, how to give a presentation. It was really, really a life-shaking experience and it confirmed my desire to pursue a career in science. From there I went to graduate school at the University at Albany and SUNY and I got a PhD in atmospheric sciences. And I was very, very fortunate that after that I landed a science position at NCAR and now I get to work, like I said, as a scientist, but also I get to mentor students from source. I got to do that for the first time a couple of years ago, first with Kenan, who's now a graduate student at Penn State, and for the past two years I got to mentor Anjali first in person in 2019 and then virtually in 2020. And I would like to say that it truly keeps being a growing experience because as an intern I was learning so much and I was so eager to learn, but now as a mentor I'm still learning. My mentees teach me, but I'm also learning how to educate and guide other students. But I don't want to take much more time, instead I want to pass it over to Anjali who can tell you more about her experience being a mentee. Yeah everyone, hi, my name is Anjali, my name is Jimenez, I'm a graduate senior student at the University of Puerto Rico, Magigüez, and I'm studying industrial engineering and atmospheric science and meteorology. I'm a soon to be and hopefully a third year source prodigy over the 2021 summer. I'm going to talk to you a little bit about my experiences as a source student first, or I was in person and now virtually. The main important, the main important thing to know is that I got to do research, and that is the most important thing I got to learn. I gain a lot of knowledge, and I got to network, connect with peers. It is a learning curve for everyone, but that is why your mentors are there for for helping you through that process. I came into Boulder, nor knowing nothing, knowing nothing about research, and well, Rosenberg can tell you a little bit about that, that my first paper compared to this year's paper, maybe improved a little bit. And that is mainly due to the help that we get in the professional development, and the writing workshops, and in that computing sessions, and also with the help of our mentors I remember I, I went to Rosenberg's office or Kelly's. Maybe like two times a day, and now virtually, we plan meetings during the week, and that that is how we get to conduct research now. I don't know Rosenberg who want to add anything to that, like comparing last year to this year. First of all, I would like to add that you did know a lot of stuff, and you did learn along the way. So you did have a background already by having taken your classes and having just the interest in doing science that's how it goes for everybody that's how it was for me. And the other thing I want to say is that indeed we did see the difference from one year to the next in how you grew how like you, your skills advanced so much from one year to the next and I would like to recognize that not all the internships that we offer at NCAR offer you the opportunity to come back, but you will see the impact when you go into your next step. That doesn't have to be a second internship at NCAR it could be another internship somewhere else it could be when you go on to graduate school or to the professional world. You will see that the skills that you earn through a summer internship, like will pay off later on in your career. Yeah, something that I wanted to say about that is that if you're uncertain whether to do research or not, I encourage you to do so because it's good to set out there to meet to know what you want to do in the future, and to know the path you want to go to. And it is important because thanks to the internship to source and NCAR. I've met great graduate school advisors, which is important because if I want to go to grad school I want to meet with the people I want to work with and know how they're how they are. And it is also important because it opens many doors. I've been to many conferences since like from last year to this year, like four conferences and that is a lot in a year. You gain a lot of experience and a lot of knowledge too. That's so great thank you, Andrew Lee for sharing about that and Rossumar for sharing your like path into being a scientist and now a mentor. And one of the things I'm curious about is, Andrew Lee and Rossumar can you talk about what was the importance of like having that mentorship opportunity. Because I know there's a structure with source where you have multiple mentors for different aspects of the program which which can help build that support network. Sure, so I can start by saying that at source. One of the greatest things is that you get a whole team of mentors. There's a science mentor or science mentors in the case of Angelie. There were two mentors so myself and as well as Kelly Warner also from NCAR, and you also have a writing mentor somebody who helps you with your writing assignments with your presentations and your poster. You also in some cases have a computational mentor or a computational mentor and that's somebody that may help you write code or develop your code or anything that has to do with the computing aspect of your internship. If you're a new intern you also get a coach and that's somebody that helps you navigate the first experience of doing a summer internship and if you're in person it would be a first experience perhaps being in Boulder if it's virtually it could be the first time you're doing an internship virtually which can look very different than a new person. And also lastly you get a peer mentor which is somebody that is already in the source program but is in the second or third year and that person gets to mentor the first year mentor. And for me it was incredibly important to have that whole team, but especially for me I was, I wasn't sure that I had what it got to be a scientist, and it was really really helpful and encouraging and inspiring to have mentors, because they like, not only taught me and guided me in my research but they reaffirmed that I could do it and they stayed in touch after the fact, and that's something I tried to do with Anjali I may not be as good as my mentors for with me, but I, it's something that, you know, they say once a mentor always a mentor and that was very true for my mentor stayed in touch with me one of them became my professor in graduate school, and they always showed up whenever I needed a letter of recommendation or some piece of advice because I was in the point of making a decision or something like that and Yeah, I cannot imagine where I would happen had I not had that mentorship experience. That's so awesome. Thank you so much. And I know we're running into the hour timeframe but I did want to bring in egg belly, because he was also a source mentor now has been working with the side park sizzle program. One of the coolest things that I, I've been finding and learning about with any of the internships that and car you car and UCP are that there are continuing collaborations that continue beyond the summer. And I belly, you work with 3d printed weather stations and have been working with somebody from the ulw program. Oh, there it is. And you've also be able to have been able to connect. With a student, all in Puerto Rico so in the next like a minute or two sorry for the for the time crunch but can you tell us a little bit about how that developed and what was how that was so important in increasing the data research. So one of our students was that the who applied for and got into the side parks program. He was to work. His project was to work at the supercomputing center doing hardware at supercomputing center here but since everything was locked down. He was still in Puerto Rico and working remotely on some of the supercomputing material, however he had some extra time or additional time to do field work so what we did was we shipped these 3d printed weather stations down to down to Stephen and also was there in in Puerto Rico where these where these stations uses these 3d printed the 3d printed stations they use these little microcontrollers that are connected to sensors. And these sensors upload data and the more sensors you have the more data you have so it becomes a computational problem. So, as you scale it so angeli worked with and Stephen worked together locally to help test the station of course it rains a lot of Puerto Rico you get a lot of hurricanes you get a lot of different extreme weather events so we've tested it and sort of working with the stations and now we're actually deploying the weather stations so we'll have a network of what you call a mesonet of 10 stations down in in Puerto Rico. So that's the way to basically supplement some of the modeling work that angeli was doing which was looking at how to run high resolution forecast models over Puerto Rico which had a lot of graphic or graphic effects by increasing the density of weather stations over the particular island that that give you a better understanding of how to model those particular method scale phenomena so that's sort of the core of the project and it was great to have the opportunity to work with them. So, at belly. Thanks to you and Keith. We are able now to get some observational data for my future research. So we, we thank you for that because we lack of observational data here in the island. So thank you. Thank you. I would also invite all of our panelists if you can turn on your cameras as we thank you for taking the time today to share about your programs to answer some of the questions that we've had. For anybody who is interested in asking more questions about and car you car ucp you can always reach out to the program leads through the website. Contact information. In addition Jerry will have will be hosting or will be sending out an email to everybody who has registered for this event to share a Google form if you're interested in continuing the conversation asking some more questions that we weren't able to answer today. And there's more if you are attending the AGU the American geophysical union conference or the American meteorological society conference. So it's either in December or January we will be having our and car you car ucp booth, where you can come and ask us questions and also ask HR questions about any careers at and car you car. So with that, I want to say thank you Jerry, AJ, Cadillia, Rossi Mar, and Julie, a belly, and all our multimedia services. For helping us to create this event and thank you to you for joining us today, and for participating in our Slido. We look forward to seeing you at another event and thank you everybody. We'll see you. Thank you.


Personally, I think the hardest part that they have to understand with McMap is the teamwork mentality. A lot of individuals lose that sight when they come out of her crew training in an FTP and comm school, but I like to train them as a team, one team, one fight. It's important for Marines to know and understand McMap as a baseline of a type of martial art style. Me growing up in a small town never had a fight in my life in my day and then coming to the Marine Corps potentially have to dig deep and ultimately save a Marine's life that day. It puts you outside of your comfort zone. It's challenging, you have to have mental fortitude to do it and if you don't have mental fortitude, I highly recommend doing McMap because it's going to help build up. Because you may not be able to get the techniques every time, but having that mental agility and fortitude is going to allow you to practice better and finally get those moves.


What's up everybody Jason here from jazby's case breaks calm It's a quick a little random number block randomizer for the last four teams and panini origins picker teams number two This is for the Packers bills rounds and bucks and the way this first guys is You get a piece of all of these teams in this specific break round number block style so Every spot will get a number from zero through nine and as an example if you get randomized block number three You will get all cards with three being the first number next to the dash on the left side So for example, we hit a hit we get something from these four teams above Three out of 25. Well number three block would get that 43 out of 49 93 out of 99 and so on number three will get that block of Cards all redemption cards will go to spot zero even if we know it's a one-on-one It'll still go to spot zero and just remember Please note that there are unnumbered cards in this set including some autographs Relics and base cards all unnumbered cards in the block of this All these block of teams will be randomized to one person in one lot at the end of the break So somebody might come up with potentially a good amount of extra hits for them being unnumbered So we'll do that randomized at the end of the break if there is any And there you go here the dice really here's a customer names from Sam down Iran and your block of numbers zero So let's roll it and we got ourselves a four and a five for nine times. Good luck One two three four five six seven eight And nine Adam Coverman down to Ron I nine times one two three four five six Six seven eight nine five down to six So Adam Coverman you have a block five Patrick with three Patrick Davis that is Ron with nine Justin with eight all of you have seven Patrick mojo. You have zero So any and all redemptions for any of these teams that pop up will be yours Adam with two at it with four Sam with one any one of ones will be yours and Ron with six So I appreciate it guys now in a separate video guys will be starting pick your team number two


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session, we are going to discuss the following question which says that Evaluate A limit 1 minus kushekov x into kushekov x as x tends to pi by 2 B limit 1 by 2 minus x into kushekov pi x as x tends to 1 by 2 In Hopitian's rule states that if f of x and g of x are functions such that f of a is equal to 0 and g of a is equal to 0 then limit f of x by g of x as x tends to a is equal to limit f of x by g of x as x tends to a With this key idea, we shall proceed with the solution. We are to find the value of the expression limit 1 minus kushekov x into kushekov x by 2 Now if we put the value of x as pi by 2 in this expression, we get 1 minus kushekov pi by 2 into kushekov pi by 2 kushekov pi by 2 is 1, therefore it becomes 1 minus 1 that is 0 into kushekov pi by 2 is undefined Therefore it takes 0 into infinity form and this can also be written as limit 1 minus kushekov x into kushekov x can be written as 1 upon kushekov x as x tends to pi by 2 Now again if we put the value of x as pi by 2, the expression becomes 1 minus kushekov pi by 2 upon kushekov pi by 2 Since kushekov pi by 2 is 1, therefore the numerator becomes 1 minus 1 that is 0 and in the denominator we have kushekov pi by 2 which is 0 So this is of 0 by 0 form and according to n-hospital's rule we have if f of x and g of x are functions such that f of a is equal to 0 and g of a is 0 then limit f of x upon g of x as x tends to a is equal to the limit f dash of x upon g dash of x as x tends to a Therefore applying the n-hospital's rule we have limit differential of the numerator with respect to x that is differential of 1 minus kushekov x with respect to x we have Differential of 1 with respect to x is 0 minus of differential of kushekov x with respect to x is minus of quarter of x into kushekov x upon differential of course of x with respect to x that is minus of sin of x as x tends to pi by 2 and this can be written as limit quarter of x into kushekov x by minus of sin of x as x tends to pi by 2 Now if we put the value of x as pi by 2 in this expression it becomes quarter of pi by 2 into kushekov pi by 2 whole upon minus of sin of pi by 2 which is equal to quarter of pi by 2 is 0 into kushekov pi by 2 is 1 upon minus of sin of pi by 2 which is 1 this is equal to 0 upon minus 1 that is 0 Therefore the value of the expression limit of 1 minus kushekov x into kushekov x as x tends to pi by 2 is equal to 0 Which is the required answer Now we shall find the value of the expression limit 1 by 2 minus x into kushekov pi x as x tends to 1 by 2 Now if we put the value of x as 1 by 2 in this expression it becomes 1 by 2 minus of 1 by 2 into kushekov pi by 2 So we have 1 by 2 minus 1 by 2 that is 0 into kushekov pi by 2 which is not defined So this is your 0 into infinity form and this can also be written as limit 1 by 2 minus of x kushekov pi x can be written as 1 upon kushekov pi x as x tends to 1 by 2 Now if we put the value of x as 1 by 2 in this expression it becomes 1 by 2 minus 1 by 2 that is 0 upon kushekov pi by 2 that is also 0 So this is your 0 by 0 form and according to L-Hopit's rule we have if f of x and g of x are the two functions such that f of a is 0 and g of a is 0 then limit f of x upon g of x as x tends to a is equal to limit f dash of x upon g dash of x as x tends to a Therefore applying L-Hopit's rule we have limit differential of the numerator that is 1 by 2 minus x with respect to x that is minus 1 upon differential of the denominator with respect to x that is differential of cos of pi x with respect to x which is minus of sin of pi x into differential of pi x with respect to x that is pi as x tends to 1 by 2 and this can be written as limit 1 upon pi into sin of pi x x tends to 1 by 2 Now putting the value of x as 1 by 2 in the expression we get 1 upon pi into sin of pi by 2 which is equal to 1 upon pi into sin of pi by 2 is 1 that is 1 upon pi Therefore the value of the expression limit 1 by 2 minus x into sin of pi x as x tends to 1 by 2 is equal to 1 upon pi which is the required answer this completes our session hope you enjoyed this session


It's going on everyone Sam here late in sports cards rip in 22 Panini capstone baseball hobby 8 box half case break number 4 Pick your team stylers a list of our names and teams Barton L with the Padres Bill B reds Carol G Blue J's Ed B Phillies Jason B Astros Jason BA Astros Jason BI with the Angels Jerry B Marlins Jonathan Q Red Sox Jorge M Dodgers Joseph D Pirates Kevin K Royals Kevin P Orioles Leonie G with the Nationals Liz C twins Matthew B Diamondbacks Guardians Matthew G Cardinals Michael H Mariners Nate Z White Sox Noah H Cubs Peter M Metz Yankees Roy M with the Braves Scott T Rays Tony K Rockies Brewers Athletics Rangers Troy D with the Giants and Tyler P with the Tigers. Good luck here everybody Let's see What we got we got Won't won't happen again won't happen again Got mosaic coming up after this everybody Very excited for that looking for a wander. Let's see man Hopefully hopefully hopefully scooter There's Jackson co-ar rookie auto at 25 going to the Royals Nanny Matrata there's Seth beer rookie dual jersey for the Diamondbacks there's Logan Gilbert capstone auto for the Mariners Dear boy, right? Logan Gilbert. Yeah, you know him or no. Yeah, I do. That's cool We used to train did the same facility I think I feel like he told me that actually He probably would have no idea who I am but yeah Still is pretty cool. Oh Deja vu gotta do the dice roll for these really quick One two three left four five six right gonna go for the rest of the break It's gonna be a four gonna go to the right So let's go to Louise Robert and the white socks and whatever team and players on the right of that card each time What up Tony? How you doing buddy? Tony K. There's Trey Mancini the 49 for the Orioles What time show hey, oh, Tony the dual jersey 25 nice one there angels for Hi Yeah But it was like the last day of all my friends being in town for holiday season, you know Right kind of going on vacation.  So right. All right. I'm gonna. I'm gonna give up this one day To have fun. Yeah, and just just to see my friends. That's fair. No, that's mark Corbin burns there's Kevin Smith For the ace to 25 nice one there on the crown auto True Adam true. We're releasing new cards into the market. It's another Bobby Witt Peek auto this time Four for four on Bobby Witt's in these breaks. Seriously. Yeah another Bobby Witt congrats Royals That one's a peek. I love those. That's the peak The peak autos are sick Patrick Mazzica rookie dual jersey for the Mets Makes sense still no case it Jayrod new era no blue steel Yeah, one and a half cases no case it out of this. It must be wicked tough to pull Or they're just super short friends and not actual case heads What's up, there's your northeastern coming out what you said wicked. Oh, yeah It's got to be something serious though. Oh, yeah, wicked is not 99 buying bucks. I mean some some people thought are on lately. I The most common thing that I ever hear wicked about is the coldness. Oh, yeah wicked cold outside the most common Wicked thing to hear. Yeah, I feel like absolutely Wicked cold Absolutely. There's Jake burger That is rookie dual jersey for the White Sox That's White Sox Goldy All right. Next box Edwin Diaz. There's Alec Bohn for the Phillies New Age materials Juan Soto crest We've got Isaac Paredes for the raised nice one there Rats rays Now scooter with the raise if I'm not mistaken. There's Sam Huff peak rookie not rookie, but Jersey Otto for the Rangers I'm a strange checklist. He's in the the peak Jersey Otto's There's Aaron judge on the peak Jersey nice one there for the Yankees player worn judge It's a judge in a Shohei in this half case so far. Very nice Made a machado is blue steel Fernando Tatis jr. Boom. There's our case hit congrats Padres San Diego is Gonna be Barton L grads Barton It's my last name and your first name mojo right there Grats on that. We'll get that magged up man. That's the case hit. Actually, I like them They're 35 Yeah, I know now, of course, those are thin. Yeah, there's a Mickey the entire run There's Kyle Muller for the Braves Rookie crown Otto one out of 99 got capstone Nick Allen on the rookie Otto for the A's congrats Oakland This one there is actually have a decent amount of hits in this Like lingoliers has an auto in here to a shea all their rookies Solid team there's willy adamus for the Brewers on the new age materials. There's AJ lexie For the rangers nice one there Rice harbour Rice elder four of five on the green rookie for the Braves nice one there and pop these are literally impossible to focus on Those ones are there's a keel but do Summit auto for the tigers I swung there marahee went off for like one week Two years ago. I killed the dude was like the hottest player in the mlb for like a week and a half iron bucks then dual jersey for the twins What up sg 24 7365 you know man 365 the amount of times I've heard Sgs I cannot believe you just hit this on my instagram feed. Oh, yeah, dude from what's it called? Yeah, literally all right sgs. I cannot believe you just There's Camillo Doval 52 out of 99 for the Giants Wanda franco press Artist proof nester Cortez seven out of 49 All-star nester Cortez nasty nester nasty nester, baby. You're right He could be one of those players in the future cal ripkin Nice game used for the Orioles of what like guys that you just like really loved on the yeah On the Yankees, but weren't really good at that. Not necessarily like all-star.  At teams with case hits I'm assuming yeah girls. Yep makes sense price and stop there's Andres Jimenez for the Guardians nice one there gold glove winner Brendan March dual rookie jersey going to the angels Pretty cool, man Pretty pretty rad Wander new age What are you three? This dude's three Uh, alex bregman peep jersey for the ashes Am I ever it's at 75 jake mires, that's not your knuckles No, I don't it's probably just you going stop doing that I don't like that stop that That was so big Oh, yeah That is the day I will hand over the breaking Be out of here is when we start doing asmr streams Yes Andre Jackson Dual rookie jersey for the Dodgers got a victor robles for the nationals dual new age jersey So Trevor Larnack for the twins that's gonna be number uh 68 out of 99 Everything's pyt today. Yeah, there's capstones. Jose Miranda Rookie Otto for the twins Nice one there. Someone who's a Miranda's first autos. I believe which is pretty cool Scherzer Artists prove for a Mateo 49 that's going to the Orioles So come magic Let's go lindor Uh, I don't know but you know what the situation is right? You got eight guys suspended. It's like palo and like, uh Who else is it palo and one other guy marco folds? I folds is suspended. Really? I think he's suspended. Yeah. What's up, Brennan? Oh, yeah Dude, how about mo just getting knocked out? Yeah, dude, man got clock. I got absolutely obliterated Oh Oh bowl bowl. That's what it was.  Yeah, yeah Austin Hayes peak jersey. Wow. Nice 17 out of 25 on the patch that is player warm for the Orioles Nice one there Very nice patch. Love the Orioles patches Orioles and Giants My favorite color Play the wizards You could see a couple guys have big games then There's his money grundle That's uh summit signatures for the white socks Yeah, bank arrow is really about to drop 50 by himself for sure bowl bowl is about to have like 30 rebounds.  Oh easily for sure But you have to imagine they're gonna be on them like they're gonna double them in every say like I just I don't know if it's gonna have the opportunity to take that many shots with how Like hard they're gonna play on him. Stephen Kwan capstones rookie Otto for the guardians hit the kwan Very nice. Congrats guardians. Maybe Terrence Ross will cook. I think he might be suspended. Really? Yeah base two to go I mean if you do get knocked out, you're probably not gonna stay on the bench to be fair. Yeah. Oh, yeah, Alex fragmented 99 And last pack for the entire day of capstones Base I don't do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill. Next up. We got mosaic coming up


World Teachers Day is an opportunity for us to celebrate the great work that our teachers do each and every day in schools right across Queensland. They are shaping the lives of the future leaders of our great state and young Queenslanders. Today we say thank you to our teachers. Today is World Teachers Day. It's our chance to celebrate teachers right across Australia. Their efforts are important and they are appreciated as we work together to provide the best possible education for all young Queenslanders. Our teachers do a fantastic job and deserve our thanks for their wonderful contributions to helping our students learn and grow.


So, in this video, I wanted to introduce you to a new word called resistivity. Resistivity allows us to compare the resistance of different materials. You might ask, why don't we just use resistance to compare materials? I'll show you why. Let's suppose I had three wires. All the wires have the same thickness. They have a cross-sectional area of one square millimetre, which is one millionth of a square metre. The first is 10 metres long and made of copper. The next two wires are only one metre long. One is made of aluminium, and the other one is made of copper. So I can measure their resistance using what's called an ohmetre. So I measure the resistance of the first copper wire, and I get 0.172 ohms. Then I measure the resistance of the first aluminium wire, and I get 0.027 ohms. Well, if I look at those two numbers, I could say aluminium has a lower resistance in copper, and end my experiment there.  So in order for it to be a valid experiment, I need to try and keep all the other variables the same. So I can measure the third wire, which is made of copper, and is one metre long. Its resistance is 0.017 ohms. So this is lower than the 0.027 for the aluminium wire, so now I can say that coppers are better conductor than aluminium. So if we want to compare different materials, it so happens that resistance is not good enough. We need to take the length into account as well, because the resistance is directly proportional to the length. I could write this as an equation. But then, why can't we just compare materials by talking about their resistance per metre? That would be fair, right? Well, it so happens that there's another variable which affects the resistance of material. Suppose that I had a fourth wire that was still one metre long, except this time it had a cross-sectional area that is ten times larger, so it's ten millimetres squared. So the wire is ten times thicker. This means it has a lot more electrons in it that are able to move. So the resistance is lower, ten times lower in fact. So the resistance of this wire would be 0.0017 ohms. However, our ohm metre can't read that accurately, so it just says 0.002 ohms. So resistance is also inversely proportional to area. So if we took both of these equations into account, then we would get that resistance has to be proportional to length and inversely proportional to area. But it's not necessarily equal, so we have to add in a constant, which I'm going to represent with the Greek letter rho. So the term that I've just introduced here, rho, it kind of looks like a little bit across between e and p, is the resistivity. And it's the most accurate way to compare the resistance of different materials. So we can figure out the units of resistivity using this equation. First, let's rearrange. We know that the units on both sides of the equation must be the same. So what are the units on the left-hand side? We don't know. But on the right-hand side, we have resistances ohms. Area is metres squared, and that's all divided by metres. So if I cancel out the units, then I get the units on the right-hand side are ohms times metres. Therefore, the units on the left-hand side of the equation are also ohm metres, which means that the resistivity has units of ohm metres. So if you find it difficult to memorise the units of resistivity, there's no need to worry, because as long as you can remember the equation above, you can always work them out.


Ok, well thanks very much. So, we discuss and surrender instructions not to focus obsessively on the papers but to make some general remarks too. So, I am going to allow myself a bit of a rant about something vaguely related to the topic of the session at the end. But I can't resist making maybe one comment on each of the papers. I thought they were all great. I think it's really wonderful to see what impressive work bright young So mae'n gweithio'n gweithio ar gyfer y dyfodol. Felly rydyn ni'n bod i'r aw кого yw'r fawr. Ond rydyn ni'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Mae yna gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Rydyn ni'n gwneud hynny o'r gweithio. Byddwch chi'n gweithio gweithio'r gweithio'n gweithio. Fy gwybod yna bod lwyddon yn ddefnyddio'r gweithio ar y newydd. Mae'r gweithio'n gweithio ar gyfer y newydd. If I end a mid sentence, you have to forgive me. So maybe to start with Casper on IFF. Casper won't be surprised to learn that I don't buy. I don't buy the broad interpretation of IFFs. I do think that it's distinguished between things that are legal and that are illegal, matters. Of course we know there's a grey zone, but I think aligning these things is not helpful. I'm not going to worry about what the word illicit means, I would just get rid of it. I would say the same about the other phrase that I equally dislike, which is tax dodging. What on earth is that? Let me go through the reasons, although that's on my missing page of notes. When it's causing clearly matters for what you think the response should be, is it a compliance issue or is it a policy design and a compliance issue? I think it doesn't help us, we do a bad job explaining these issues to the public. I think it makes our job even harder if we don't actually explain if something's legal or not. I think when people see multinationals paying low amounts of taxation, they need to know why is that. They need to know these are the rules. The rules say that if you don't have a physical presence, you're not going to pay tax. So I don't think we do the public any service at all by doing this. I think without such a, when we use this distinction, if we don't make this illegal distinction, we just lose any kind of compass on this stuff. We have to say, well, this is good tax avoidance because they're responding to incentive we want to respond to. But no, this is bad tax avoidance because you didn't really want them to do that. And I think, again, Casper referred to it, values change. Marijuana. Marijuana has become a bigger revenue source in many countries. Has it suddenly become licit when it was illicit before? Well, in that case, you're using a legal definition. Or was it licit all the way through and that was, or has it, was it illicit all the way through? Your left was imposing your judgments on these things. So I know, Casper, I suspect I'm in a minority of one, but I certainly wish the IMF and OECD in particular good health in trying to limit the use of the phrase. But again, that wasn't my rant, by the way. I have another rant coming. Second, Domenica, I thought it's a very nice idea of having these interactions between cross companies being introduced by CPCR. The one point that I found myself thinking about was these audit costs because I didn't get why the audit costs, they didn't seem to depend on the tax rate in the particular country. Maybe I'm wrong, but they just kind of, and I would have thought, you know, if these are ex-post costs, I would think they would depend on what's the probability, you know, what's the probability you're going to have to make some adjustment. So then, and maybe that doesn't make any difference, but I would think that, well, we're going into things not in the presentation, but the theta ray should somehow depend on the tax rate in that country. But I may be misreading the model, but I thought it was a very nice way of going about things. For Jacob and Joe, I'm going to fall back on the discussant's remark of saying what are the policy implications. I think for Jacob, and I know it's in the paper, more on the kind of tax nerdy details of this, and I was going to look at the paper last night, but CEPR wanted to charge me £6, and I thought I wasn't going to do that. But I think, you know, partly my impression is that in the UK, it's become tougher towards non-resident ownership property over the years, and it's somewhat started, didn't it start more or less before Brexit? I know there was more later. And I think the two issues are, well, are we saying there should be a special tax on non-residents as some countries have? What do we think that would do? The more complicated question, I think, is to do with what I think is behind these corporate structures is this issue of indirect transfers of ownership, where you basically hold a property in London through a chain and then you realise the capital gain and a low tax jurisdiction. But I think the UK is now fairly tough on, so I don't know if we're saying there should be tougher. And actually there are some real issues as to how you should tax those transfers. The hardest paper I ever wrote was a paper we did at the fund on exactly this issue, in taxation of indirect transfers of interest. It's super hard. Conceptually, because you're talking about levying a tax on capital gains related to something that's going to pay a tax on capital gains in the future. It's kind of a deferral issue. So I know that's not the point of the paper, but I'd be curious to know more about that at some point. And for John, I mean, I thought it was, again, very, very nice. I thought the interesting part was towards the end where you think about these... Well, I should say perhaps I was delighted by what you said about reporting magnitudes. I think that's very true. I think it's not just true for kinks. I think it's true for nudges, all kinds of things. You look at the numbers, you have a wonderful experiment, hugely significant. You think, well, wow, what does this mean for revenues? And kind of point that away with something or other. Or strength you on that one. But I mean, I think the question at the end of... In some sense, I'm not quite sure you could think of it as somehow moving these people kind of by force beyond the kink. In some sense, it's to do with whether you want that kink at all or whether you kind of want the kink higher up. If everybody is going to move, why don't you just put the kink lower down, in which case why don't you just have a flat tax or whatever. So I think there are these design issues as well as they're going to brute force things. But if I have a few more minutes, let me come to my rant, which is simply taken from the title of this session, Tax Havens. And I know John had nothing to do with Tax Havens, but the word Tax Havens appeared in other places. And I start from this by saying from very bitter experience I know that many countries find this term derogatory. And I think at a time where we try to avoid being gratuitously derogatory, we should think about that. And I should say I speak from bitter experience, I've been hauled into many meetings where I've been trying to defend the use of the term Tax Havens. Let me now try and step back and perhaps give some thoughts in the opposite direction. What do these countries say when they express their upset of being called Tax Havens? One is they say we have lots of other non-tax attractions. We're well governed, good regulatory systems. Okay, fair enough, but we know tax matters. So let's not give them too much credit on that one. The other thing they say, of course, is what the lawyers call the two-quo-quay argument. Well, everybody else does it. We're not the worst. There's the UK, which used to have these exemptions for non-resistant investment property in the UK. Why pick on us? We're just rather more open about it, perhaps. What about Delaware? Why don't you think, well, okay, it's hard to completely disagree with that. So then you think, well, let's focus on particular bad practices, not on countries, which is what the OECD did in the outset of this project in 1998. Of course, that doesn't work for a number of reasons. That doesn't get you around the problem of zero taxes. Also, we know theoretically that actually having preferential regimes, giving preferential treatment for some things, can actually be beneficial in terms of how tax competition games work out. So what do they say then? Then they say it's our sovereign right to do whatever we want, and we can't help it if the rest of the world is filled with crooks who take advantage of the schemes that we offer in all honesty. Well, of course, there's a kind of aiding and abetting argument there. But it does focus attention, I think, on two key questions. One is that all this is ultimately a kind of a coordination problem. And normally when we think of coordination problems, at least we should be thinking if there's an inefficiency everybody can gain. It's actually supposed to be Pareto improving when we deal with coordination problems. That's what we should be aiming at. I'll offer when we write down models, and I'm not mentioning any, not thinking of any of the ones here. People often write down models and say, well, yeah, the low tax havens lose out, but there's an aggregate gain, so who cares? I think that's really not good enough. We have to be a little bit more thoughtful in how we think about coordination issues, which is why I'm quite interested in things like what a minimum tax does, whether that has potential benefits for even ones forced to raise their tax rates. And I think this is more or less where I'll finish, is the other thing that focuses attention is, well, why did high countries tolerate tax savings? They could have closed down these low-tax jurisdictions, whatever we're going to call them, ages ago. They had enough power to do that. Why didn't they do it? Clearly it makes you think, well, there are elites involved. The question then is, well, are those elites still there? Why has there been this kind of change of attitude, seemed to begin with the global financial crisis, which was odd because nobody thought that tax savings had much to do with the global financial crisis. I think it's to do with kind of a lot of excellent work by civil society organisations. A little bit the need for revenue, but perhaps not so much when we look at the very little amount of money that's at stake in pillars one and two. So I'm not going to go on to argue that low-tax jurisdictions are actually a good thing. Of course there are people who would, and there are arguments you can make about that. But I think this is where my notes leave me bereft of my wonderful closing sentence. But it was basically, of course I've chosen this rant to try and be provocative, but I think sometimes we might want to think a bit more, what do we really mean by tax savings and how do we actually think about them in welfare terms as we think about reforming the tax system. I think it's too easy to dismiss them as kind of pariahs and who cares. But as I say, I've argued the opposite many occasions, but that's the argument I'm making today. So thank you very much, and great papers, and enjoy them all. Thank you very much, thank you. Thank you very much, Mick. I'm supposed to now ask the presenters to join the high table, but what I'm going to suggest instead is that you stay where you are, but that you turn around and speak to the audience when you get the mic. I think that's probably going to be a little bit more efficient. We don't have very much time. I will, though, just very quickly that the mic pass around the speakers just to hear whether you have any reaction to make first, and then we'll get to the other questions. No, I think the discussion was great. Obviously we don't really agree on whether to use the broad and narrow definition, but that's fine. Yeah, thanks. I also really enjoyed the discussion. I also don't want to say anything about what you said about my paywall. You have a lot of good points. There's another version online that's remarkably similar to the one behind the paywall. About the tax haven issue. So the British Virgin Islands have 30,000 inhabitants and 400,000 registered companies. They are investing 20% or 15% of the foreign investment in British real estate comes from these 30,000 inhabitants. That is a tax haven. I'm not saying that there is not anything, and what I completely agree with is the point that the boundary between tax havens and known havens is becoming more and more blurry, and more and more policies are being adopted in large OECD economies, Delaware as a good example, but also Golden Visa schemes, Dominica is a great paper on that, or Citizenship Investment, all kinds of kind of... These kind of policies are being implemented in OECD countries all over the planet, I agree with that. But there are also still pretty obvious tax havens. The reason I am assisting on the mic is because the virtue of participants cannot follow if we don't speak into the mic. So there's somebody here in the back. And then I can see you from here. And then I will basically move up through the room. We will collect some questions and then get reactions. Thank you. I had a question for Dominica. So the model predicts that overall global profit shifting should fall, right? And I'm not sure how much you short about this. And I also know that you know the update on the Vier-Zookman paper you cite if anything shows more profit shifting in the last five years.  Okay, Dominica, you will take note. And then next hand, here in the back, okay. Also the same question, like also the question about the same paper. What do you do with companies that actually manipulated like across the threshold? You got the question? Yeah, okay. Okay, number one here. Thanks. I was actually really interested in John's paper, though it's a little bit off the topic, the other ones. But to John, because I've also seen a number of papers that look at the same kind of bunching effect but on businesses and particularly informal enterprises that are kind of self-reporting up to a threshold where they're paying a gross tax versus a profit tax. How do you think your results compared to them? Have you looked at them? I think there might be a lot more revenue there. And that might be a really interesting place. And I think that's why your study is interesting because it might point to where audit resources should be going more effectively. And I think that's where we can be looking there. And then one quick comment just about the first paper. I mean, just, I work at the UN. I'm Peter Chawla. I'm at Dessa. I should say clearly that, I mean, the UN does support the wider definition. That's not a choice of the secretariat. That's a choice of member states. The UN Statistical Commission has officially endorsed the wider definition in its statistical methodology for estimating IFF. So it's a choice by member states that they've had consensus on. I just wanted to comment on that. Thanks. I have comments on everything, but I'll try and be disciplined. John, I think you're non-result. You will try. You will be. I will because Finn is here. I think your non-result is a real result. We very often hear people pushing back that we shouldn't worry about profit-shifting for low-income countries. The key thing is getting their tax system sorted out. I think demonstrating the scale or the non-scale of that issue is very powerful. I think you might find that Zambia compares extremely well to quite a lot of high-income countries, and that's a result too. So I would really encourage you to push that. Jacob, on your paper, we've talked about other bits of it before, but I really like the comparison with Switzerland. You've tempted to say, can you test something there? So firstly, can you look at the scale of abuse through the Swiss and the UK or potential abuse, as it were, and say, is the UK basically at the cheap end of the market? Is it attracting illicit flows from lower-income countries because it allows you to do it with a lower amount of money? And or, alternatively, is it something else? Is it UK empire? Is it the history of that? If you could test those two things. Last point to Dominica. I think your paper, in some ways, your disappointing result on lower- and middle-income countries, is, again, the most positive result. It's the one that we'd expect. When we put forward country by country reporting, the idea was that it would be public, and we're going to get there, we will get there, and then the benefits will be disproportionately towards the countries that lose most lower-income countries. But at the moment, because it's not just tax authorities, but has this very complex information exchange thing that only benefits OECD members, what we've said is that we expect this to worsen the inequalities in taxing rights facing lower-income countries, and that's what your finding says. Subject to the caveat that all this is absolutely terrible, but to the extent that we can buy the result, I think it's what we'd expect, so it's a good result. All right, I'll limit it to one question, but I must say that all papers were very interesting, so thank you for your presentations. My question will be for Jacob. It's a very interesting paper as to real estate ownership, and you probably have reflected what could explain the increase after 2015, and I would like to hear a bit more about that, and also whether you have reflected on the implications of your study, on some of the work that the UK is doing domestically, meaning we know the annual tax on envelope developments, which was introduced by the UK precisely to limit this type of practices so that high-value properties would not be held by so-corporate structures, and obviously that tax has been increasing throughout more or less the period that you're looking at. Have you tried to look at those interactions? I know it was not your main question, but I think it could have very interesting light on domestic tax policies, and also the more recent development on the register of overseas entities or when UK properties, because that can bring you some light on the weather transparency part, place role in this practice, like the incentive to put the corporate structure in between. Thank you very much. Okay, then Jacob. Thank you very much for the points. So to Alex's point, can we test the Swiss versus the real estate channel? I think so, but I have to think about it a bit more. But I think there is work to be done to figure out what exactly these different tax haven assets are doing, who's using which for what reasons. My hunches are less scrutiny in real estate, so easier access or like there has been less action to tackle real estate than there has been to tackle tax haven bank accounts which also answers part of Angela's question. So that's my hunch, but we haven't done any work in that direction yet. That's an interesting suggestion. Thank you. Yes, the UK has been doing a lot domestically and the tax results I couldn't go through due to time reasons in the paper are looking at one of these changes. So the UK has bit by bit extended capital gains taxation to foreigners, first foreign individuals, then foreign companies, then closely held companies that are property rich and that's actually a change that we exploit to become pretty difficult to carry out capital gains taxation evasion in Britain if you're a Brit or to get around the British capital gains taxation here. We see that people react to that pretty quickly because there was a little loophole with Luxembourg that was forgotten and then all the investment moved into Luxembourg and we show that. That's not all the story though, right? Because the foreign investor from a developing economy from wherever also might have to pay capital gains taxes and so it's not exactly clear what happens with that and it's much harder for us to test that because we can only do that when we mesh through the entire ownership chains. The same is true for the ATAT, the annual tax on envelop dwellings. Unfortunately that's pretty early in our sample when it gets introduced so we looked at it. It looks like it has an effect but it's when our real-time data starts so we just weren't that sure about that empirically. Yeah, you're right. There's lots of work that could be done with this data. So far we thought the tax part, the fact that it's tax sensitive, is maybe not the most interesting. It's more interesting to look at the illicit nature of it but yeah, you're right, you could do more with it. Domestic register transparency, I only checked that for German data. The German transparency register wasn't that successful so just using Orbis without even using the leaks we were already better at looking through ownership in the German data than the German transparency register for the few cases we drew. We haven't done that for the UK but it's an interesting avenue. Thank you. Okay, Dominique. Yeah, thanks for the comments. I'll try to be quick about it. So on the overall change in profit shifting, so I think that's driven way more by changes in business models, the increasing importance of patterns, trademarks changing business models and country by country reporting obviously. I think that's where all the empirical evidence agrees has not been a game changer as it is today against profit shifting. So in our empirical design, I mean this is, it's diff in diff so we basically control for the increase in profit shifting and then look at differential trends among affected and non-affected firms. And yeah, manipulation around the threshold is a good question. It's the reason we do diff in diff and not regression discontinuity as some of the literature does. So I think it's less of a problem but we do need to think about it a bit more on what to do about it. Will public country by country reporting be better? I think a lot of things are changing, right? I mean minimum tax, global minimum tax will come with some publication requirements. I think that works better than the country by country reporting to be honest. It might help because the, if you take our model seriously, the problem arises because the tax authority looks at the tax haven profits and not at domestic taxes paid. But the backlash in the public when it's published will be about, I think, about too little taxes being paid domestically and not so much about the tax haven. And if that's true, then you're right, making it public might really make it more effective. Yeah. We'll see, I think, in two years or three years whether that's true. Thank you. John? Thank you for the comments. The firms versus people or individuals. As far as I can read the literature, we are finding, at least in the South African case where I've also done some of the work, we actually get these sharp responses, immediate responses that could reflect that it's not really behavioural changes but these immediate shocks, as we also find. So I would expect not to get the big effect in South African firms as well. In other countries, I have to say I haven't done, redone the estimates. I'm not so sure. I think it's a mixed bunch of results. We are going to do it in Sambia and we were actually starting out with the firms. But just to be clear, we need to do much more work with the revenue authorities in Sambia because at the moment we have way too few firms in the data. So there might be some compliance issues we need to look for first before we look into the issue of munching. Okay. Thank you very much to the presenters. Thank you very much to Mick to the discussion. Thank you very much for excellent questions and I will, over the next 24 hours, I'm going to speculate whether Mick will rant against the terms hidden wealth, profit shifting and tax evasion because these are the... Only one of the three. Because there are two more parallel sessions around these topics plus also a panel tomorrow morning. So thank you very much.