Most of us are familiar with the image of a jury delivering a verdict. We've seen it on TV shows and learned about juries and civics lessons. In the next few days, you may be delivering a verdict in the United States District Court. Serving as a juror is one of the most important responsibilities you have as a citizen of this country. That's why we'd like to take a few minutes to tell you about your role as a juror, to give you a general idea of what to expect. Along the way, we'll hear from some people who have already served and give you some dos and don'ts about being a juror. Should you be selected to serve on a jury, the judge in the case will tell you more specifically what you can and cannot do. This program is being shown in courts nationwide, so we can't tell you about all of the administrative details which may vary from court to court, such as how long you'll serve or where to eat. But someone from the court you're in will. Be sure to ask if you have any questions. You have been called to serve. The court will do its best to make sure you're as comfortable as possible and to make the best possible use of your time. Everybody had a different opinion about what they thought really happened. They were entitled to their opinion, but it was difficult. I didn't think I'd get so drawn into the case. Sure, there were boring moments, but overall, I found it very interesting. Well, one of the things I really liked about serving on a jury was the way I was able to find out what others were thinking and to have them listen to my ideas. The people went back and forth, back and forth. It took a while, but I think we made the right decision. You may have yet a different reaction to your service. The different values and perspectives that jurors bring to the courthouse are a strength, not a weakness. The right to a trial by jury is guaranteed by our legal system. Article 3 of the U.S. Constitution says that the trial of all crimes shall be by jury. The Constitution's Seventh Amendment guarantees juries in most civil cases. Juries serve as a protection against the power of government. People charged with a crime or involved in a dispute over an injury or a business deal get the benefit of the judgments of the entire community, not just of government officials. Without people like you, these constitutional guarantees could not be met. Of course, the jury system is not without its critics. The proper role of the jury has been debated for a long time and will probably be debated for years to come. But your duty as a juror, if selected, is clear. Think about how you would want the jurors to act if you were involved in a lawsuit. I was nervous when my name was called. I hadn't been selected for a trial yet, but I kept thinking, I'm a librarian, well, a retired librarian, not a lawyer. What if I'm chosen for a case with lots of technical evidence? Some cases are complicated. But remember, if you're selected for a jury, everything you need to know you will see, hear, or read about in here. All you need to bring with you to the courtroom is your common sense. Every day you make judgments about people and situations and information you're given. This is what you'll need to do as a juror. Your everyday common sense, combined with what you learn in the courtroom, will help you reach an impartial decision based on the evidence and the law. That is what a juror's job is all about. What about all this sitting around? Some days it seemed like that was all we did. I'm not used to that. Delays can happen for a number of reasons. When you're first called for jury duty, it can take a whole morning to assign prospective jurors to all the new trials starting that day and to get groups of jurors up to their courtroom. And even if you've been selected for a jury, your trial can be interrupted. For example, the lawyers could raise a complicated legal question that the judge needs to resolve before the trial continues. If it looks like it will take a long time, or if it's a sensitive matter, it may send you to the jury room rather than have you wait in the courtroom. Or a judge may need to hold a hearing on a matter totally unrelated to the case you're hearing. Judges juggle many cases at once and often must take time to attend to other matters. But remember that the judges will do their best to keep from wasting your time. Right now you're probably in a jury lounge or waiting room. When a jury is needed, you and other prospective jurors will be taken to a courtroom to answer some questions. The group of you that's taken is called a panel. The questioning is called voir dire. Voir dire is a legal term that means to speak the truth, which you're obligated to do. Voir dire's purpose is to ensure that the jury is made up of impartial jurors capable of deciding the case based only on the evidence. In some courts, judges conduct the voir dire. In others, attorneys ask the questions. And in others, both the judge and the attorneys may ask questions. I spent the whole day waiting in the juror lounge and I never even got called to a courtroom. The clerk, I don't know what you call her, whoever it is, it helps jurors get settled. She thanked us several times. Not everyone summoned by the court will serve as a juror. Sometimes people don't even make it to voir dire.  Trials are expensive and risky for the parties involved. Knowing a jury is ready to try the case often helps convince parties to settle at the last minute. And the courts always have to call a few more people than they'll need. This is to be safe. The alternative is to call fewer people and risk having to delay the trial if there are not enough potential jurors. I was disappointed. The judge asked me a question. I can't even remember what it was now. It didn't seem like that big a deal. But when I answered it, the attorneys jumped up, said something to the judge. Next thing I knew, I was out of the jury box. Yes. During voir dire, you may be asked about your occupation, if you've heard or read about the case, and if you know any of the parties, witnesses, or attorneys. Usually questions are asked of the entire panel, then individual panel members stand or raise their hands if their answer to a question is yes. You may wonder about some of the questions. They may seem quite personal. But the parties have a right to know some things about the people who will decide their case. If you feel something is private or embarrassing, you can ask to talk to the judge at the bench. The judge and lawyers will listen carefully to the answers you give during voir dire. If a lawyer thinks there's a specific reason you may not be able to decide the case impartially, the lawyer may challenge you for cause. For cause means asking the judge to excuse you from serving in the case for a specific reason. If the judge agrees with the lawyer, the judge will excuse you from the panel. This means you can't sit on that case, though you may be sent back to the jury room for possible selection in another case. I sat on a case involving fraud, real estate fraud. I was surprised I was allowed to serve. I told the judge that I'd had bad experiences with real estate agents, but then I thought I could decide the case fairly. As this juror suggests, merely having read or heard something about the case will not automatically disqualify you from serving, nor will past experiences. What's important is that you've not made up your mind about the case and can decide it impartially. There's no limit on the number of jurors that can be excused for cause, but there are limits on the number of peremptory challenges. With peremptory challenges, lawyers don't have to give a reason to the judge. Lawyers may make peremptory challenges because they have a hunch or gut feeling that a prospective juror won't respond favorably to their case. The challenge may be based on information lawyers learn in voir dire, but can't be based on race or gender. Well, it was kind of strange when the lawyers were choosing people for the jury. They kind of looked at you, then looked at their notes. It was hard to figure why they asked certain people to leave and not others. It is hard to figure out why certain people are excused, but the lawyers have their own reasons for making challenges based on what they know about their case. If you're excused, don't take it personally. It's a normal part of the process. Let's say the lawyers have exercised their challenges and other preliminary matters have been taken care of, and you find yourself sitting on a jury. What happens next? I was surprised at how different things looked from the jury box. The witnesses were so close to my seat, and so were the judge and the lawyers and everyone else. Things do look different from the jury box. Let's take a look. A trial begins as soon as the jury is sworn in. The lawyers make opening statements. Opening statements are the lawyer's overview of what the case is about and what they think the evidence will be. Opening statements are not evidence. That is, they do not prove anything. After opening statements, the lawyers for each side present their evidence. This generally takes up the biggest part of the trial. Evidence is information presented to you by witnesses under oath. It can be testimony or it can be exhibits that witnesses swear are genuine, such as documents, photographs, diagrams, and other physical objects. The trial system is based on the idea that each side will present the strongest evidence it can from persons sworn to tell only their personal knowledge and that this will lead to the truth. Each side has the opportunity to ask the other side's witnesses questions. This is called cross-examination. Of course, the lawyers can't just present any evidence they want. There are rules that control what evidence the jury can hear and see and what evidence it can't. Lawyers will make objections to evidence they believe improper and the judge will decide whether the jury can consider it. The judge presides over the courtroom, controls the proceedings, and decides all questions of law. If anything you hear or see conflicts with what the judge says, follow the judge's instructions. This includes anything the attorneys say, anything you might see in this program, or something a fellow juror might tell you. During the trial, you may notice people other than the judge, the lawyers, and the parties in the courtroom. The court clerk calls the court to order, swears in witnesses, and handles exhibits. A court reporter takes down a record of everything that's said so a transcript can be made. But be sure to pay attention. The transcript might not be provided to the jury. In some cases, there may be a bailiff or other court security officer. At times during the trial, the judge and the attorneys may have a bench conference. Bench conferences are discussions that people in the courtroom can't hear. They're commonly called to discuss whether an attorney can present a particular piece of evidence. It may bother you that you're excluded from the discussion. But bench conferences help ensure that you only hear evidence that the judge has decided is proper, given the case and the laws that apply to it. Bench conferences are also referred to as sidebars. After the evidence is presented, attorneys make closing arguments. The attorneys sum up the evidence and give the jury what they think are the reasons their side is entitled to a verdict from the jury. Just like opening statements, closing arguments are not evidence. After closing arguments, the judge talked to us for a while. Then we were taken to the jury room to deliberate. That was a funny feeling. I mean, we had spent so much time in the courtroom. Then all of a sudden, there we were, trying to figure out what we thought happened. The judges talk that the juror refers to are jury instructions or the jury charge. In jury instructions, the judge explains the law that you and other jurors must follow in the particular case. If you have questions about the instructions while you're deliberating, you may send the judge a note. But basically, once the door to the jury room closes, the public part of the trial is over. It's up to you and the other jurors in private to try and reach a verdict. At one point in deliberations, we really got stuck. Several people didn't think this one witness was telling the truth. But then again, several of us did. This is the kind of question you'll have to decide if selected as a juror. Is a witness telling the truth? Did the events happen, as the witness said? Should you believe evidence that contradicts the witness's testimony? To make sure the verdict will be fair, there are some things you can't do as soon as you're called for voir dire until the trial is over and the judge excuses you. First, you must not mingle or talk with anyone associated with the case, including the lawyers, the parties, and the witnesses. They're not allowed to talk with you either, so don't feel offended by the lack of even casual greetings. You also cannot discuss the case with other jurors until the judge has instructed you to do so and you are inside the jury deliberation room. This one was difficult. It was hard during the trial to go to lunch with people who were sitting next to me in the jury box and not talk about the case, especially at first. It was the only thing we had in common. After a while, though, it got easier. I began to learn about their jobs and families and things like that. In addition to people inside the courthouse, you must not discuss the case with anyone outside the courthouse. This includes family members and friends. If a person persists, remind them that you are a juror and exclude yourself from the conversation. If you believe someone is making a deliberate attempt to influence you, notify the judge or clerk of court immediately. It was hard coming home and not telling my wife what happened. I'm not a talkative person or anything, but I usually tell my wife about things that go on during the day. Following some of these guidelines will take extra effort, both inside and outside the courthouse. Remember not to read or listen to news accounts of the case and not to conduct your own investigation. I was surprised at this one. I knew I couldn't go to crime scenes or anything like that, but, well, it's second nature for me to look things up in books. This is an important point. Don't look for any information that you think might help you decide the case. This includes not visiting crime scenes or accident sites, not looking up information in law books, scientific journals or encyclopedias, and not calling a friend who might be an expert about an issue in the case. And one more thing. Don't accept favors from anyone connected with the case, no matter how small or insignificant they seem. Your impartiality as a juror is crucial for a fair and just trial. Following these guidelines will help you carry out your main responsibility as a juror, using your everyday common sense to reach an impartial decision based only on the evidence presented in court. Remember, the process of reaching a verdict requires listening carefully and keeping an open mind. We hope that you'll find your experience as a juror rewarding. You will be performing one of the most important responsibilities you have as a citizen of this country. Thanks to the jury system, every citizen can play an important role in the administration of justice in our courts. That system guarantees that we, each of us, will be judged by our peers. This is your opportunity to help make that system work.


Hi everyone, Sean with jaspyscasebrakes.com here doing a 2020 Optic Blaster Brake number one, where at the end we're actually going to be giving away seven spots in the Slug Fest Mixer coming up later on tonight. One Optic Blaster Brake, random teams, list of customers here from John C. Yuson with Last Spot Mojos up to Cohen, and the teams from the Washington Nationals up to the Arizona Diamondbacks, dice roll, randomizer for both, five and a sixth, eleven times, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, and eleven at the final time from Nick down to Wade Valentine. Now eleven times on the teams, good luck, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, and eleven at the final time from Tampa Bay Rays down to the Detroit Tigers. A quick trade window, it is only a one blaster break so, but that doesn't mean that can't be anything incredible pulled out of here, right? All it takes is one back, so we can get everybody on here, I'm not going to list everybody's names, but get it all on recording before I resort it, there we go, so trade window clubs, we're going to print and rip, while that's printing, I do have two optic blasters here guys, so I'm going to roll a dice real quick, one, two, three is going to be for the left box, four, five, six is going to be for the right box, whichever one we don't do right now is going to be for the filler break number two, so, and it's a six, so we're going with box on the right, this will be for random team number two, filler break coming up shortly, here is the final list, and here's our blaster, so we're going for blaster exclusive pink parallel, and we got a bonus pack, so we'll say that until the end, optic baseball, great looking product, I think we have available for a personal break still, so we'll take a time out, we'll be back, do some housekeeping, see where this one ends up, Christian Yelich, Stain Glass, Hollow, Milwaukee Brewers, Travis Milberg, AJ Puck, Rated Rookie Hollow, Oaklandays, Yonsei Yuzong, and let's see what the bonus pack has, Kevin Newman, Logan Webb, and Lucas Geolito, so that's the break, now let's give away spots in the mixer, so we've got the original list here, we're going to be giving away seven spots, so here's the list with Yonsei's last two spots, last spot mojo, all the way up to Cohen with the first spot purchased, and a new dice roll here, and top seven names after the dice roll, five to five, ten times, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and tenth and final time, from Jamie down to Yervond, congratulations, you see ten times on the randomizer, you see seven are all now in the slugger mixer, or slug fest mixer, coming up later on tonight, Blaster break number two is already sold out, so we'll be doing that in a little bit as well, and then we'll be doing the break, so we will see you guys, jaspyscasebreaks.com, I'm Sean, we'll see you next time.


Lamu Old Town is located on an archipilago of the coast of Kenya in the Indian Ocean. Once an important trade center in Islamic traditional East Africa. The town dated to the 12th century and is the cradle of Swahili culture and an important religion center. The only culture landscape in Kenya include on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Lamu Contensible Historical Site include the German Post Office, the Lamu Museum house in an old Swahili warehouse and the Lamu Fort. Lamu Museum was established in the 1960. It constitute one of the largest and most authentic Swahili ethnographic collection on the East African coast. Assembli from numerous researchers from the early 90s. The artifacts represent different faiths of Swahili culture heritage includes item of textual, jewellery, wood carving art, musical instrument, marine time, archeological and thou exhibition. Lamu Museum now holds Lamu and Oman exhibition. The aim of the partner is to show the oman present in East Africa include Lamu. Some historians stated that the actual begin of oman present is struck back to about 2000 years. It was confirmed that the oman salea in the era play a vital role in the marine trade across the Indian Ocean. The transfer species from the coast archeological finding approved by the navigator of oman had soviet over the Indian Ocean since the 3rd millennian BC. The museum now holds Swahili social life, Maulid in Lamu, jewellery, Swahili Ataya, marine town life, Swahili wedding and archeological exhibition that is tagged in three languages, Swahili, English and Oman Arab language. The Oman exhibition in Lamu Museum consists of exhibition of Oman through ages. Oman marine time heritage of human and the sea. People, community and Sultan of Said, the Inacity in the East Africa. Sultan Kabus bin Said, modern oman and the oman present in East Africa. Asalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. My name is Khadija Issa Tuaqir. I am a librarian at Lamu Fort Museum Library. The Lamu Fort Museum Library is a department of Lamu Museum. The documents that we preserved here are manuscripts. We have manuscripts from 19th century. We have other manuscripts of 20th century. And the manuscript that we have here are Islamic religious manuscripts. We have manuscripts of Quran manuscripts. We have manuscripts of Miladina B. We have manuscripts of Sunnah. We have hadith manuscripts. We have falak manuscripts. And we have dua and point manuscripts. With the business transaction manuscript, we have receipts that show the economic activity that was done since the colonial time and East Africa time. So we have receipts and ledger books of colonial time and East Africa time. And other kind of manuscripts we preserved here are old photographs. We have about 500 old photographs of monuments and sites of Lamu and Mubasa, few of Mubasa, and also photographs of Lamu people and their culture. The other kind of documents we preserved here are coins. We have started doing collection of coins. These are old currents that were used since East Africa time and some currents that were used during colonial time. Also we are preserving all the cassettes, all cassettes of salmon and some cassettes of coins, some cassettes of songs. Manuscripts that we are preserving here are Qurani manuscripts. We have like five Qurani manuscripts of different Arabic scripts. The Qurani manuscript, the context of the Qurani is the same, but the Arabic scripts, some are written with different Arabic calligraphy. As you can see some of the calligraphy that was used to write this kind of manuscript is different from the calligraphy that was used to write this kind of manuscripts. This different kind of Qurani manuscript, as you can see, the calligraphy that was used to write this manuscript are different. The calligraphy that was used to write this one is different from the calligraphy that was used to write this Qurani manuscript. It's also different from the calligraphy that was used to write this kind of manuscript. Some of the manuscripts have a border, wa na raidi nabunazini. One also some of the manuscript has comments comments fast like this one this has comments about the desura. We need a specialist to tell us what is written on the comments side of the Quran. So this is the comment side. This manuscript we did restoration Ai Chongibu Karahulu gastini tipo kini Knojizia hii Kнаjizia hii Wakultod Kここ blendswa is the environmental condition of lamu, so the temperatures here are very high, this calls the manuscript paper to be brittle and decolorized, as you can see some of them are decolorized. We also have high humidity here in lamu that cause breathing of insects, as you can see the pages are torn from their tone from insects, we have a problem of silver fish, as you can see the pattern of the area was caused by the silver fish, all these holes were made by the silver fish and also the way the manuscript was preserved before, the people who are preserving the manuscript were not taking care of the manuscript, so it was a lot of work to maintain or to to have the manuscript in this way now, we have done a lot of restoration, a lot of cleaning, it was very dusty, dusty is also another reason that cause deterioration of the manuscript, so because of the high temperature again and the humidity there is a lot of dust and because we are near the ocean it's so windy and thus as you can see this one it has deteriorated but we have tried to do some repair work of it, so all of them has the same problem, the paper as you can see is eaten by insects and the pattern of the tone shows that this is silver fish problem, so we have silver fish problem here the manuscript is very beautiful as you can see and this also has a comment under araba stamp, this is a kind of stamp for the person who wrote this manuscript, he put his manuscript maybe it has some details, I don't know what is written here but this is an araba stamp that maybe describes the author of the manuscript for these manuscripts that we have we don't know the author of the manuscript the original author but during the cataloging of this manuscript we put only the ownership we record the ownership of the manuscript, this manuscript was collected from lamu manuscript and there are a lot of manuscripts that are owned by individual people here in lamu, we have a lot of manuscripts at lamu east, there is another island called Dao, is an island called Faza, is an island called Siu, so there are a lot of people who own this manuscript and as you can see our manuscript here, I can say they are in good condition but those that are owned by individual people at lamu east at Faza and Siu they are badly damaged, they are not in good condition, they are away, they are reserved, they need to be taken care of, some people believe that when you read this old manuscript, manuscript that was written by scholars, old scholar, you get a lot of blazing, so this is the reason also that cause little duration of the manuscript because the manuscript, they are very old manuscript handling of the manuscript cause little duration of the manuscript so we tried to advise the people who own manuscript not to use the manuscript anymore because they cause a lot of damage while they are reading the manuscript, the other kinds of manuscripts that we have here, as you can see the manuscript they have different covers, these are the original cover, there is a later cover, this is how the original cover looks like but this one we have done some repair and we have put new new covers, this one also is new cover, it's not the original cover but this one the original cover of the manuscript, like this one it is you see you see silver fish, this is the problem that we have, this is the one that cause little duration of the manuscript, we are trying to put in set aside but still we are facing a lot of challenges with manuscript, this kind of falak manu sweeps, the condition of the manuscript is in bad condition so we could not do any repair work because of the the way the condition of the manuscripts look like so as you can see the page how it looks like, the pages are the colorized, we have the colorized pages and they are all loose pages, we tried to sort them out but still we could not do any repair work of this one, we decided to put in acid free folder like this one, so the manuscript we did no description about this one, it has a watermark of moon facing in double rimmed crest and the letter cv, let's see how the the watermark look like, so the pages has watermark which page has watermark the pages has watermark, so one of the pages has the manuscript has watermark you see the way the condition, this is the colorized manuscript and also this one has a half moon watermark, it has half moon watermark, you see the condition they are very bad damage, they were very beautiful as you can see, the border looks very beautiful okay so we have a lot of loose pages with watermark you see this falaf manuscript, they were used as a traditional medicine this is falaf manuscript, let's see if we can see the pattern of the watermark the watermark reads the originality of the manuscript, when we went through the loose pages that are here, we found that we saw manuscripts with watermark originated from Bombay, some watermark originated from U.S. and some we didn't know were the originality of the watermark, so from the watermark this show where the paper was manifested, so the paper of the manuscript some of them had watermark that shows Bombay, the watermark was written Bombay, this shows that the paper was manufactured in Bombay, so all of this has watermark see this is also falaf so we tried to sort them out and do dust them, we preserved this loose folder this one has no watermark, see how the falaf manuscript look like, so this is I don't know how they use this to do falaf, because all the falaf manuscripts have this calculation or mark this one, also let's see this one, it has the same mark let us see if we can see the table, they like using tables like this one let's see this one, it has the same table, this one like this one this business transaction manuscripts, the business transaction manuscript that we have here are ledger that were used to do business during East Africa time and some receipts and ledger that were used during the colonial time so like this receipt this shows that someone has paid 1000 sheeding for the selling of selling of coconut this receipts show the abolish of slave, this receipts shows abolish of slave the receipts was written by Diwali of Lamu in 1923 so there was a slavery abolish of slaves in Lamu during that time so the other charges were compensation so compensation by Salma Gwinti Muhamed in Lamu other receipts also Diwali was written by Diwali these receipts also show the number of people, this is continuation of this one this is the number of people that number of slaves slaves that were abolish during that time so we have Humari, Hamisi, Nusura, Venabu and so on it's a long list of slaves that were abolish during that time and this other kind of business transaction we have ledgers so they are selling more so until we have experts who can work for this one and this one is a receipt that shows the selling of coconuts and the receipt was written in 1924 time so all these receipts was written during colonial time and it was in 1924 other records that we are preserving here at the library are old photos we have old photos of Lamu all the town we have old photo of sites and monuments of Lamu and photos of Lamu people and their culture such as this one, this is for Lamu town and this one is Kiyuma Kiyuma, Muhamed Kiyuma, the famous artist who was in Lamu he wrote a lot of poem by Muhamed Kiyuma and other collection that we are preserving here at the Lamu Port Library is a slides of negative slides these are negative slides of various kind of photos we have negative slides of boats of Lamu we have negative slides of Lamu Archipelago this age between 1987 and many other like Archipelago slides we have Lamu Moli festival slides they are all 1988 to 1997 slides there are many about 500 photos slides, negative slides and this one are cassettes, we also preserve old cassettes these are cassettes that was recorded in 2006 these are Moli, they are futar cassettes futar is done during Ramadan and these are we have also made collection of old coins these are old coins that we have started collecting these are coins from 1926, 28 and also for 10 cents for 1984 so they are very old and we have made a good collection a number of collection from coins of different years


It's time for the Lawn Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important issues of the hour brought to you every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, a presentation of the Lawn Jean Wittner Watch Company, maker of Lawn Jean, the world's most honored watch, and Wittner, distinguished companion to the world-honored Lawn Jean. Good evening. This is Frank Knight. May I introduce our co-editors for this edition of the Lawn Jean Chronoscope? Larry Lissere from the CBS television news staff and Francis W. Carpenter of the Associated Press. Our distinguished guest for this evening is the Honorable John Sherman Cooper, Senator from Kentucky. Senator Cooper as a member of the Armed Services Committee and a former officer in General Patton's Third Army, you think that Senator McCarthy's recent attacks on the army for what he called communists were damaging to Army morale? I'm certain that they've had a bad effect upon Army morale, but if you want me to discuss this problem of investigations, I think I'd have to do it a little more length. Well, tell me, do you think the President handled the situation between McCarthy and himself well? Do you think he could take a stronger position on it? I take the flat position that he handled well. I think that in discussing this question, you've got to distinguish between a fight on communism and the conduct of investigations. As you know, the Congress has unlimited power to investigate and properly so. But now when we're investigating subjects like communism, which have the aspect of criminal conduct, it is true that the very highest standard is needed in those investigations. And reluctantly, I think that my colleague has not had those exact standards at times. And recently, there's been an encroachment upon the executive branch of the government. Well, in this contact with the open situation with President Eisenhower, do you think that the President has, as I said, taken a strong enough position on this? It's always a question as to time and position. I think he has. In his statement, he made it clear that certain standards must be observed in investigations. He pointed out the responsibility of the Senate. He made it clear that he would protect the executive branch when it should be protected. Now, whatever happens in the future, he's made a very, I think, decent, fair, honorable standard and base for any action that may be taken. Well, Senator, do you think this is going to stop this conflict on the executive branch and the army? I doubt if anything can ever be stopped. Absolutely. I think it's entirely possible and probable that we'll still have some conflicts. Well, Senator, can we look at this problem of the army from another angle? Secretary Dulles has on some occasion said that if any action has started against us or any part of the world that we will retaliate promptly, how does that square with the cuts that have been made in the defense budget? Frankly, Mr. Cartender, I'm glad to be talking to you. I remember our pleasant associations in the past, and I was a delegate to the UN. You were there. I think that his speech has been misunderstood. I didn't construe it myself that he would, it meant the United States would take retaliatory action at any kind of a breach of the peace. I understood him to mean that they would keep their alternatives and their freedom of action and that if under the circumstances they thought that they should act, they would act promptly and with real power. Now, you've asked me about the defense. I am serving on the Armed Services Committee, and while there's been a great deal of criticism about the cuts in the budget, I think you can only gauge our strength for the progress that's being made in the various divisions and arms with armed forces. If you want me to, I'd like to talk about that. Well, Senator, a cut in the defense budget has been made and another one is being talked about now. Do you think this is going to weaken our position as we go into these negotiations with the communists in Geneva? I'd like to tell you what our strength is. A year ago, when this administration came into power, we had 102 airwings or groups. I always get them mixed up. 92 of them combat. After a year, we have 115. One year from now, there'll be 120. Two years from now, there'll be 127. And there'll be jet wings, combat wings. There's a progressive strength. Further in the army, while there'll be two divisions lost, we'll have the same number of combat teams. And in the Navy, it's approximately the same strength. I think they've cut out a lot of the waste and we're getting a strong, well-balanced military force. Well, Senator, it looks like we may be leading from strength then in Geneva in the conference. You have served in the U.N. with Secretary Dottis. Would you care to say anything about the prospects of the Geneva conference where he will be sitting for the first time across the table from the red Chinese delegation? I know the many times you've seen our representatives sitting across from the Soviet representatives. And I remember one time in 1950 when the Chinese communists came to the United Nations. You can't ever look for any real progress. But I know that in this instance, Mr. Dulles took some risk when he said that we would meet at Geneva and we would agree that the Chinese communists, the North Korean communists, should be there. But we've made our position clear about Korea. We've made our position clear about Indo-China. And I think that Mr. Dulles, as he did at Berlin, can strengthen our position before the world. Well, Senator, as you've said, you have served under other administrations on the bipartisan foreign policy. Now, do you think there's any difference between the present administration policy and the one in which you had formally represented the United States? Many people ask that question. I think there is a difference. There's a difference in emphasis. This administration has placed more emphasis upon the East. I think there's a better balance and emphasis between the East and Europe. I think further this administration has made its position clear upon certain areas. For example, in Korea, we've made it clear that if war should begin again that we would not limit our methods and our means of acting. We could strike at Manchuria. We could use atom bomb. We've made a position clear on Formosa. We have made, I think, our position clear on Indo-China. We have made it clear in Europe that the Europe must take steps to create the European defense community if they are to expect our continued aid. And finally, I think we've made it clear that we'll not limit any means that we have to protect ourselves if an aggression should come. I think it's a stronger position. Senator, you are only committed to study revision of the United Nations Charter. You think that we ought to eliminate the veto from that charter if it possibly could be done? No, I do not. I know that in the past when the United Nations had been criticized, we usually point to the veto of the Soviet Union and the Security Council. But you know that we wanted the veto and we certainly wouldn't give it up now because with all of the criticism that's being directed against the United Nations as evidence lately of the debate upon the Bricker Amendment, I don't think we'd ever agree to let some other country or group of countries direct our action without our being able to use the veto. Well, Mr. Carpenter, and I remember when you served under other administrations and we regard you as an expert on the UN now, sir. Now, you are pointed to this panel of the eight senators which are studying possible revisions to the charter. Have you made any conclusions at all, any recommendations as to what should be done when this matter comes up before the assembly in 1955? Our committee is made up of six members of the Foreign Relations Committee and then two appointed by the vice president. I haven't have been appointed in Senator Hollande of Florida as it makes the other member. We've had several hearings. Secretary of Dulles, Ambassador Lodge have testified and we are proceeding with the idea that there's not the greatest chance in the world for revision because the Soviets can veto any proposed change. But everyone believes that this discussion and our proposals and the hearings throughout the country can have a valuable effect in correcting in the public mind many of the assumptions about the UN which we think are not correct and which can actually strengthen the UN with the people of the United States. Senator, why do you think the convention on revising the charter should be held? Well, there's some thought that it might go to San Francisco. Do you think it might go out there when they meet? I haven't heard it discussed but I remember that everything that I've heard from the delegates who are at San Francisco has always been good. It may be that they look back upon that time as the rosy and halcyon days of the United Nations when everyone hoped for peace and cooperation. It would be a good place, I think. Senator, Mr. Carpenter and I remember you as a vigorous defender of a bipartisan foreign policy. Do you think there is a bipartisan foreign policy now? Yes, I think so. I think the test is this and the various measures which affect foreign policy and which have come before the Congress has been almost a unanimous consent and votes upon those measures with the exception of the Bricker Amendment and both Republicans and Democrats have joined together in support of those measures. And I think that's the real test. Well, Senator, may I ask you as a final question, do you think there should be changes in the rules of procedure governing the Senate investigating committees? Well, the trouble is today there aren't many rules. I doubt if you can have a very strict code but I think each committee has the responsibility of setting up its own code of procedure. I think the Senate and the House ought to set up some minimum standards but finally it gets back to the conscience of those around the committee and to their own willingness to observe standards. And that depends at last upon the public opinion. Well, thank you very much, Senator Cooper. Privilege to have you here tonight. Well, I've enjoyed being here and discussing in a rather general way these subjects. Good to see you again. The opinions that you've heard our speakers express tonight have been entirely their own. The editorial board for this edition of the Laun Jean Chronoscope was Larry Lecer and Francis W. Carpenter. Our distinguished guest was the Honorable John Sherman Cooper, Senator from Kentucky. The reputation of Laun Jean watches results not alone from the superior quality of conventional wrist watches for men and women but as well from a complete line of complicated technical timepieces of the very finest quality. 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Laun Jean, the world's most honored watch, the world's most honored gift, premier product of the Laun Jean Wittner Watch Company since 1866, maker of watches of the highest character. We invite you to join us every Monday, Wednesday and Friday evening at this same time for the Laun Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important issues of the hour, broadcast on behalf of Laun Jean, the world's most honored watch and Wittner Distinguished Companion to the World Honored Laun Jean. This is Frank Knight reminding you that Laun Jean and Wittner watches are sold and service from coast to coast by more than 4,000 leading jewelers who proudly display this emblem. Agency for Laun Jean Wittner watches. The whole nation this week will be singing happy birthday to the Girl Scouts of America on this 42nd anniversary. Join us as we wish many happy returns to this growing force for freedom.


Rivalries between school teachers are restricted to working hours but the one between Armist Brooks of Madison High School and Daisy Enright extends into their personal lives. In fact, to see these two English teachers engaged in one of their frequent verbal tiffs, a casual observer might think that either one would cheerfully cut the other's throat for a nickel. But this isn't so. No indeed. I'd give four cents change. And after what happened this past week, I might not even take the penny. It all started last Friday morning. I was in my room packing a suitcase for a little weekend trip and my landlady was helping me. Mrs. Davis, Mr. Boynton's going to Eagle Springs for the weekend so I thought it was only logical for me to go to the same place. Does he know you're going? Nobody knows. Why not? For security reasons. I want to spend these few days with Mr. Boynton alone and if Daisy Enright finds out our destination, that little dream is done for. You mean she'd go up to Eagle Springs too? On her jet broom. She's giving me some real competition lately. She has a certain way with men that just seems to make them do whatever she wants them to. Why even Mr. Conklin's partial to her. That's nothing new. I've known for a long time that she's the principal's pet. Well, I wish he'd keep her on a leash. The minute there's a chance to make a bit of extra money around school, she's the first one to get a crack at it. He even put her in charge of the new switchboard we had installed last week. But doesn't that require an experienced telephone operator? They're pretty difficult to get right now so she's filling in temporarily. She takes the board herself during her free period and appoints various other teachers to take over the rest of the time. What burns me up is the way she got the job. By telling Mr. Conklin, she worked for the phone company when she was a girl. What a fish story that is. Oh, there's Walter Denton to drive me to school. Be right there, Walter. Before you go, Connie, tell me, why do you think it's a fish story? Because when she was a girl, the telephone hadn't been invented. There were four tires going around a corner. Now, slow down a little. A thousand pardons, dear teacher. And frankly, I'm barely conscious of the speed with which we are traversing this mundane sphere. He is only the corporeal, Walter Denton, who is restricted to the confines of this vehicle. The spiritual me is floating in the heavenly blue on silver wings. Well, bail out, cherub. I'm not ready for harp lessons. What's the reason for this pedestrian destroying ecstasy? It's Harriet Conklin, Miss Brooks. She's been treating me like an angel lately. Last night when her folks were out visiting, she even cooked dinner for me. Gosh, it was romantic. What did you have? Liver and onions. I was so grateful I barely felt the heartburn. Liver and skittles. As much as Harriet adores me, that's how much her father hates the side of me. Oh, don't tell me you're having trouble with Mr. Conklin again. Oh, no. No more than usual. Now, I wrote an editorial in the monitor a couple of days ago that Mr. Conklin didn't agree with. You see, in it, I said I was opposed to hiring a permanent substitute for one of our German teachers. Which one? Wulfgang Himmelsstass.  Oh, I wouldn't know. Wulfgang isn't one of my intimates at school. Well, the other teachers have been sharing his duties so far, but I heard that Mr. Conklin's looking for a younger teacher to take over his class. Now, that means when Mr. Himmelsstass gets better, he won't have a job. Well, it's nice of you to be so loyal to an old teacher, Walter. Oh, I'd feel the same way about you, Miss Brooks, and I'd go to bat for you, too. That's why you've got to go to bat for Mr. Himmelsstass. Me? Certainly. Now, how would you like it if you were a worn-out, old, lonely, broken-down bachelor? I'm getting used to it. I mean, how can I help Mr. Himmelsstass? Well, by mentioning to Mr. Conklin that you don't think he should replace him. Will you, Miss Brooks, will you do that for me and for all the kids who've grown so fond of Mr. Himmelsstass?  Will you, huh? Well... Boy, that's a relief. That's one thing about you, boy. Once you make a promise, a guy doesn't have to worry about a thing.  Yes, sir. What's the message for you? I know. Your father wants to see me in his office immediately. No. Miss Enright wants to see you in the faculty room. This one on your left. Well, if it isn't the mumps, it's the measles. Well, I might as well find out what's on her frightening little mind. I'll see you in class, Harriet. Bye-bye, Miss Brooks. Toodle. Miss Enright? Oh, come in, darling, this morning. That dress you're wearing, it does so much to bring out your natural lines. Really? Especially the ones around your eyes. Time for chit-chat. Miss Brooks, we've got to sit down and have a real heart-to-heart talk. All right. Borrow a heart and let's get started. Ignore that remark because there's too much at stake to bicker. Now, we're both aware of the fact that we're interested in the same man. And each one of us has been keeping extremely close tabs on him. For instance, I heard that he's going to spend the weekend at Eagle Springs. Eagle Springs? Well, now, who could have started such a ridiculous rumor? Mr. Boyden told me himself. He's the logical one to start it all. I also have a hunch that we were both going to surprise him by showing up at the same place. Why, Miss Enright, wherever did you get such a fantastic notion? I've got my train ticket and a bag and my locker. Where are yours? I'm picking them up after school. Well, suppose we did have the same idea. Oh, don't you see, Miss Brooks, with such an elusive query, we've got to be more cagey. I'm sure that Mr. Boyden sees some good points in both of us. But the way we've been going about things, we're only hurting each other's chances. Miss Enright, you may have something there. What do you suggest? That one of us step out of the picture completely for a specified amount of time and leave the other a clear field. How much time, for instance? Well, how about a couple of months? Fine. See you in January, Miss Enright. We'll decide who's going to remove herself first in a sportsman-like manner. Say by dealing a hand of cards. A hand of cards? Yes. You know, some of us play bridge during lunch hour, and I just happened to have a deck in my handbag. Do you have the nerve to go through with it? Nerve? Sit down and deal, Miss Enright. What kind of a game shall we play? Well, do you know poker? I've heard of it. Fine. Then I'll deal one hand of draw poker, and the loser agrees to stay away from Mr. Boyden for a period of two months, commencing at once, right? Right. Fine. Now you care to cut the deck? Run them. All right. One, two, three, four, five. There. How many cards do you want, Miss Brooks? Let's see. I'll take four. How about you? I'll play these. What have you got, Miss Brooks? A pair of 10s. Oh, no good. I've got four aces. Well, that's that. Oh, I'm glad you're taking it like a good sport, Miss Brooks. May I walk to your class with you? Sure, if you don't mind climbing four flights. Four flights, but your classroom's on the first door. I know. But who ever heard of jumping from a first-floor window? To live up to my bargain with Miss Enright and sever all relations with the bashful biologist. As I approached our usual table in the cafeteria at lunchtime, I resolved to get it over with as quickly and painlessly as possible. Mr. Boyden. Yes? Goodbye. Goodbye? You're going somewhere, Miss Brooks? Yes, out of your life. Goodbye. Just a moment. What on earth are you talking about? It's just that I got to thinking about our relationship, Mr. Boyden, and I've come to the conclusion that it's best for both of us if we don't see each other for a while. But why, Miss Brooks? How did you come to that conclusion? I know. I did something. When? Okay. It's nothing you've done. It's not going to be easy, of course. We've had some memorable times together. Those exciting nights when we strolled through the zoo. Those long walks past the aquarium and those evenings under the stars. Just you and me in the planetarium. But now that I've made my decision, all that seems aces ago. Ages ago. Look, Miss Brooks, I think we should talk this over. I haven't picked up my train ticket to Eagle Springs yet. I was going to phone in my reservation after school, but I don't have to go up there this weekend. Oh, yes, you do, Mr. Boyden. If I'm going to be a good sport, you've got to go. This is goodbye. Please don't make it any harder. That's the way you really feel about it. I don't suppose... That's the way I feel. Just give me one long, lingering kiss, and I'll go. Kiss? Okay. What's your next best offer? I just thought that since we've always been such good friends, we should part as good friends, too. Well, I guess I could kiss you goodbye if you want to. I want, I want. Well, puckered, Mr. Boyden. Oh, eyes closed and puckered. Cooling soup, Miss Brooks. Excuse me, sir, I've got to get some sherbet. I said I'd pick it up before it got cold. Excuse me, Miss Brooks. He's a little nervous today. Miss Brooks, what was the meaning of that hideous, osculatory display I was about to witness? I was just saying goodbye to Mr. Boyden, sir. He's going away, and I... Goodbye.  The idea of kissing in a public school cafeteria. Is that what the Board of Education pays you for, Miss Brooks? If it is, they haven't been getting their money's worth. Don't be insolent. To think that in one English department, I should have two such extremes in teachers as Miss Enright and you. The one, alert, calm, efficient. The other, an emotional, moaning, love-sick, cock-a-spaniel. Maybe it's just the way her ears flopped down that make Miss Enright look bad. Sometimes I don't know what I'd do without Miss Enright. In addition to her duties as an English teacher, she has recently taken over the operation of our new switchboard. Yes, I know, sir. She's very clever. Plus, which just a few moments ago, she solved another problem for me. She has suggested a teacher to take Mr. Himmelsdoss's place. But Mr. Himmelsdoss is perfectly capable of taking his own place. I mean, when he gets better, he'll be completely well. That is, everybody's so attached to him, Mr. Conklin, and he's quite old. That's just it. Miss Schmerzenfelder is young. Well, I don't care how you... Miss Schmerzenfelder? I'm phony of this afternoon to make an appointment. Miss Enright speaks very highly of her. Now, stand aside, please.  And watch that fraternization, Miss Gladye. Yes, sir. Gladye. I'll bet that Miss Schmerzenfelder walks with a goose step. Just not fair. Do you mind if I join you, Miss Brooks? I've been talking to myself too lately. Sit down, Walter. What's your trouble? Oh, Marblehead. Mr. Conklin's had me on cleanup detail during my free period. Yeah, it's usually pretty dull work, but I just found something quite interesting in a trash basket in the faculty room. What is it? Well, this deck of cards. See? Well, those are the cards Miss Enright and I used this morning. What? You played her with these? Oh, but this is a trick deck, Miss Brooks. She could clobber you with these. She did clobber me. What do you mean by trick deck? It's stacked. Did she beat you for much, Miss Brooks?  But, Walter, I think I've got an idea. Excuse me, please. Where are you going, Miss Brooks? I'm going to see a floppy-eared spaniel about a man. Good sport, Miss Brooks. This being my free period, I was about to take over the switchboard myself. Oh, think nothing of it, Miss Enright. I'll be happy to take over for you. I know how rushed you must be, particularly if you want to make that 430 train. Oh yes, it's the only one up to Eagle Springs today. But you're sure you know how to handle a switchboard, Miss Brooks? Miss Enright, I worked on the board of a summer resort for an entire summer when I was in my teens. And you learned everything? On a resort switchboard? That was the summer I grew up. I guess there's no sense in looking a gift horse in the mouth. Oh, figuratively speaking, of course. Oh, that's all right. Slip me the earphones and call me native dancer. Well, very well. I'm off to the country. Remember now, I have quite a reputation for efficiency with Mr. Conklin. Don't you worry about that, Miss Enright. I'll take care of your duties and your reputation. But good. A switchboard is a pretty complicated gadget. Thank goodness there haven't been any caught. Uh-oh. There goes one of the lights now. Oh, it's pretty. I guess I plug this cord in under it. Madison High School. Would you connect me with Harriet Conklin, please? She's in the home economics class. I'd love to, Walter. Miss Brooks, what are you doing there? Isn't Miss Enright at the switchboard? Not unless she sneaked in under me. Now, you wanted the home economics class. I wonder which hole I plug in for that. Don't you know? You look alike to me. Oh, there's another call. Hold it, Walter. I'll have to get back to you. Madison High School. Hello. Would you connect me with Miss Brooks, please? Oh, hello, Mrs. Davis. This is Miss Brooks. My, I got through to you fast. A switchboard must really know our business. I'm on the switchboard. What can I do for you? I just wanted to know whether or not I should... Oh, excuse me a minute, Mrs. Davis.  Good afternoon, Madison High School. Good afternoon. Would you put me through to the railroad station, please? This is Mr. Boynton. The railroad station, Mr. Boynton? Yes. Is this Miss Brooks? That's right. Wasn't Miss Enright there? Maybe I'd better stand up and look. No, sir. I'm in charge of the board now. I'll connect you with the station in one moment. As soon as I can disguise my voice. Mr. Railroad Station? It sure is, Doc. What can I do for you? I'd like to reserve a ticket to Eagle Springs today. Uh, Eagle Springs? Aren't any trains running to Eagle Springs today? It's snowed in. Goodbye. Time to get back to Mrs. Davis. Hello, Mrs. Davis? No, this is Walter. Could I speak to Harriet, please? Any day now, Walter. Hold it. Hello, Mrs. Davis? Yes, dear. What I wanted to ask you... Oh, just a moment, Mrs. Davis. There goes another lie. Hello? Hello, Miss Brooks. This is Mr. Boynton. I didn't get that railroad ticket yet. Some nitwit at the station said Eagle Springs was snowed in. Would you try the weather bureau for me? Oh, all right, Mr. Boynton, but you'll have to wait a moment. Hello? Would you connect me with Walter Denton in shop class, please? This is Harriet Conklin. Oh, hello, Harriet. This is Miss Brooks. Walter's been trying to get you. Well, where is he? At least somewhere on this board. I'll try to plug you in. Zowie, five lights in a row.  Hello? I've been speaking. Tilt. Is Miss Enright taken leave of her senses? No, sir. Just of Madison. She's gone away for the weekend, and I'm pitching in. Oh, oh, well, I'm calling Miss Schmerzenfeld. Her number's main, 8493. Yes, sir. Right away. Now, let's see. Which hole do I plug for an outside line? I'll try this one. Hello? Hello, Miss Brooks. Could I speak to Harriet, please? Oh, didn't you get her, Walter? No, he didn't get her. But we've been having a delightful conversation with you. Who's we? Walter, Mrs. Davis, and me, Miss Brooks. Mr. Boynton, too? I must have put you all on the wrong line. Ah, here we are. Confounded, Miss Brooks, where's my number? Well, Mr. Conklin, fancy meeting you again. I'll get Miss Schmerzenfelder for you right now, sir. If I can do a decent German accent. Oh, here's Miss Schmerzenfelder now, Mr. Conklin. Hello, Miss Schmerzenfelder. Yeah, this is Miss Schmerzenfelder. Who is Das? Das is Mr.... ...Madison High School. Oh, Herr Conklin. Yeah, yeah. I'm talking about that teaching position that opened in Madison's German department. Miss Enright recommended you in the highest possible term. Oh, danke schön. Yeah, I'm the best German teacher in the whole entire Gonservelt. That's the whole world to you. Daisy and I taught together in two or three high schools, you know. Two or three high schools? Yeah, the first principle was crazy about the way I taught. That wasn't the reason I was fired. Fired? I would still be there if he hadn't found the schnapps in the courtroom. Just a pistol between classes. But I give that all up, Mr. Conklin. Oh, but what about your last position? Oh, I wasn't canned on account of my teaching. Then why did the principal let you go? The zilliest reason. Oh, the zilliest reason.  Yeah, it's too bad she couldn't say the same about you. What? What a temper she said you got. She said, do best for it. That's nuts to you. I said that? Why, there isn't a word of truth in it. I'm essentially a very mild man and man. Anyone who knows may good vouch for that. Of course, they could ask good. Oh, I'm sorry, Mr. Conklin. I must have put Mrs. Davis on by mistake. Oh, God of all! Miss Inright was right. Do best for it. I'll redesign, Mr. Conklin. No, no, no, no. I'm talking about the other teacher on this slide. Well, I hardly think that's any way to talk about me, Mr. Conklin. He's waiting to speak to Harriet. Oh, no, that was Mrs. Davis. What? I knew there was someone waiting to speak to her. Here I am, Walter, dear. Oh, what do you know? They finally got together. Miss Brooks, I don't know who is more to blame for this fiasco you or Miss Inright. I'll deal with her when I see her. But how do you propose to straighten out the time you've got in this switchboard, Andrew? Don't worry, Mr. Conklin. I've got one more line that's still free, and I know just what I'm going to do with it. What? Hang myself. What else? Well, here's the star of our show, Eve Arton. Well, we finally got our lines untangled, though I'm still not sure how. Good. Starring Eve Arton, Franz Grimes, was produced and directed by Larry Burns, written by Arthur Allsberg and Al Lewis, with the music of Lud Bluskin. Mr. Conklin was played by Gale Gordon. Others in tonight's cast were Jane Morgan, Dick Crenna, Bob Rockwell, Gloria McMillan, and Mary Jane Croft. This is High School's favorite English teacher, Miss Brooks, will again call the student body together. Don't you be absent. Our Miss Brooks is presented each week to the worldwide facilities of the United States Armed Forces Radio and Television Service.