This is definitely prime pre-crazy cage. That's a hot mug guys. Hey guys, this is my review for Lord of War. This is one of the movies that you guys suggested to me when I did that video talking about movies that you would want me to review. I actually really love this movie. I watched this film repeatedly in high school. I even acquired a copy that you would possibly call non-legitimate. This film was basically the Wolf of Wall Street movie before Wolf of Wall Street came out.  This film was directed by Andrew Nicole. It actually is probably the last good movie this dude's done. He's done Gattica. That's it. The guy did write the Truman Show and he was one of the executive producers and story writers for the terminal. But really this guy has not done anything since. I keep going to see his movies except for the host. And they're all garbage in comparison to this film because this film really nails down a character you shouldn't like. But you do even though what he does is horrible. The film follows Nicholas Cage's character Yuri as he becomes one of the most profitable arms dealers in the world through the 80s and early 90s. Along the way he comes across a numerous amount of horrible and very interesting characters. But the primary one that has the most connection to the audience really is his brother played by Jared Leto. Also before he kind of went a little crazy. Jared Leto is constantly having this moral battle with himself and to try and disappear from the guilt that he feels helping his brother with his business is he becomes an addict and drugs and alcohol. While Nick is thinking that he's trying to do the best thing for his brother by taking him to rehab but giving a little sniff beforehand as well as having him accompany along with on jobs. He is actually the primary corrupting factor to his brother and what results with that family story is all because of his fault. While he thinks that he's the good brother and he's trying to do the right thing, everything he does is wrong. Yuri is doing a profitable business. He is financing war, but at the same time he's not taking sides. So he removes himself as much as he can from the carnage and destruction that his products are supplying. He's able to find this small small moral high ground for himself throughout the film The film has a lot of lines now that means so much more than they did before. The fact that anytime liberation or freedom front is added to a moniker for a freedom cell in Africa usually just means it's a different form of warlord and anytime that a warlord is killed he is usually replaced most likely by someone far worse. There's a lot of moral ambiguity throughout the film with different conversations about the idea of violence and gun running. It also has one of the best opening credit sequences ever put to film. It is still a great scene of this bullet just starting in a little factory making its way across the world into a gun and into a kid's head. This movie has not aged badly at all. It is just as good as I remember it when I watched it for the first time. And there's a lot of scenes now that I understand far more than I did when I was 15 years old. I actually haven't seen it in that long of a time, so it was pretty cool to watch this again. Lord of War is one of the best movies that Nicholas Cage has made and it's really the best movie that Andrew Nicole has ever made.  Lord of War gets a 7 out of 7 from me. This is one of my favorite movies. I don't know why I don't own it because it's just so good. The pacing is fantastic. The characters are great. The soundtrack is great. The writing is great. The story is phenomenal. It is just a great movie to make you feel crappy about yourself. And then you can watch Wolf of Wall Street, which is essentially this movie except about stockbrokers and it's an hour longer, but that's also still very good. Anyways guys, that's all from me. Hope you enjoyed this review. If you did, leave a like and if you're interested in more, subscribe. Until next time, see you guys later. Thanks for watching the video. My name is Knitz, and you might remember me from the animated cult classic TV show, Undergrads. It's been a while, but I'm happy to say The Click is finally getting back together in an all-new movie, thanks to a successful Kickstarter campaign. But we are still asking for your support. To see any and all updates about the upcoming Undergrads movie, be sure to check out and like the Bring Back Undergrads Facebook page. And with any luck, we'll see you guys soon.


Hey guys, how are you doing? It's a Sunday morning super early I don't know like how many of you struggled waking up this morning, but I really did But yeah, I'm glad that all of you could make it here It's a really interesting day, and I'm really looking forward to everyone who's gonna be speaking as well. It's really interesting so I created this chatbot called bus uncle and and Through this presentation. I'm just gonna tell you a story of how it came to be and I know that this is more of a UX design Kind of theme talk, so I tried to put in as much of that in my presentation as much as possible Even though I'm just a developer and I have no idea what design is So a lot of you might point and laugh at me and say that's wrong, but please do so at the end of the presentation So Bus uncle right? How it came to be was I was just at a bus stop in Orchard Road one day, right? I was just standing there just like all these people with my head turned right waiting for the bus to arrive and I just kept thinking to myself how long is the bus gonna take to arrive to my bus stop right all these different people had different Like things they had to do in the day, but everyone's just standing there and waiting So the thing is in Singapore We are a very high-tech city and we actually have these things Electronic boards that actually show us bus arrival timings behind You can actually look at these boards and know exactly when your next bus will arrive and when you're a subsequent bus after that We'll arrive as well, but on that one day to me I felt it was just a little too much like why do I have to look through a whole list and try to find my One single bus that I'm trying to wait for right and in Singapore We also have a lot of different apps. So you install an app. It looks just like I mean these are a couple of examples And the thing is these apps also didn't make me feel right that day for some reason when I opened the app I was like there's a lot of information and To find how long I have to wait for that one particular bus that I was waiting for right bus 65 I had to scroll through a list. I had to type in where I was and I was also given like a massive amount of sploshed information that I had to find my little one bus in answer from So the thing is in My head I just asked I wish I could ask someone right. I wish I could ask someone how long I have to wait and This one person would just tell me seven minutes like that's it I didn't want to go to a whole list or go and install a whole new app for it And that's how the bus also came to be so I I I decided I I'm going to try to build something like this So in October 2016 I mean, I actually thought of this in October 2016 But Facebook actually released a new platform on messenger called the messenger platform Which allows third-party developers to come in and build bots build these services on top of their messenger platform Which means if you chatted with something on Facebook, it would reply back to you Just like a little program. These are called chat bots, right? So I thought that Facebook released this in April 2016. It was October 2016. So I thought okay, maybe I can go try to build a chat bot So I went and built bus uncle So if you guys haven't tried it yet, you can access bus uncle like through this link m.me slash sg bus uncle You can talk to bus uncle the whole time. It's fine. I'll probably be saying the same thing. He's going to tell you as well So for those of you who are still watching When you talk to bus uncle, right you can literally just say hi hello uncle and he responds with a So then he gives you an option that says bus how long You click on it. You enter the bus you're waiting for Are you and then he tells you like where are you now? And then you can say maple tree. We're all in maple tree now And he shows you all the bus stops in maple tree and he just clicked choose and he'll say okay Still got 10 minutes. Go get groceries so Bus uncle tells you about your bus arrival timings, right? This is actually a really long conversation right now most users actually just Say what they're looking for in one message. They say I'm at maple tree looking for bus 10 How long do I have to wait then he just says 10 minutes? But this is just an example to show you another flow that shows like much more functionality there So bus uncle also does public transportation directions. So you can ask him how can I get to NUS from here? right or how can I go home you can actually ask him how can you go home and He'll show you all the different options you can take like the green line and which bus you can take and when you click on choose He'll show you step-by-step directions on how to get to wherever you want to be so What's interesting about bus uncle is? You you speak to him like a real person, right? So you can actually tell him I'm late Right, and if you tell him I'm late. He's gonna be like okay.  That's the cheapest way there so He's he's programmed to understand like a lot more human expressions like this A more recent feature that was implemented recently is some users ask where's the bus so this actually came to came about because When I was tracking the data, I realized a lot of people when they're waiting for that bus they seemed very kiasu So if for the non-singaporeans here kiasu means afraid to lose Right, so they just kept asking bus uncle bus. How long bus how long where where bus how long where? And Then I decided okay a lot of people are actually asking where so I Realize I had this information and I could just plot it on a little map with Google Maps So then I implemented where's the bus now when people say where he says nah here Yeah And also bus uncle does public transport updates. So if ever your bus is affected by like a nationwide like Rerouting of the buses this most common during f1 times in Singapore Whenever they set up the formula one tracks They have to reroute a lot of buses and a lot of bus stops are disabled Sometimes you can ask him about it, and then he'll say sorry. They got f1. So He'll tell you you can't use the bus and you can go check the affected bus list and he'll show you alternatives as well So this is a few different things that bus uncle does all through chat. It's just a chat bot so I Built bus uncle over a year ago, and I realized through all that the data I'm getting and through all the Learnings I've seen from the community. I Realize chat bots are actually bringing us a lot more closer to the future Because conversations bring us closer to humans Think about it. We're like when you have an app or when you have a website You're building a UI you're building a user interface. You're saying this button is going to be here There's gonna be an input field here for users to put in stuff And you're actually trying to show the user how you you want them to use your own app or your own website But the difference in conversations is you don't tell them How to speak to the bot they just be themselves Humans don't really need to learn rather. They just speak and say Can this be done or can I do this or can you just tell me the answer to what I'm looking for? So it's bringing us a lot more closer to human nature, right and this is going to be leveraged upon a lot more so All the I mean even now on like social media websites you see screenshots of conversations being posted everywhere People love speaking to each other on messaging apps, right? So The left most picture is a screenshot I took off of a popular platform called sgag Which frequently shows screenshots of conversations that are funny between people and we actually laugh at it because we can relate and we feel human about it and Understand the kind of rapport that was going on between those two people you also see like screenshots of people ranting like The middle screenshot actually came from this article that says my ex-girlfriend never paid me back my money So he took a screenshot of like a whole conversation and everybody just kept commenting on it. They're like, I totally get you man and Finally like you have your own personal conversations, right? You can share ideas so when to speak is kind of to be human So There's data showing that a lot more users now are actually shifting to using a messaging apps a lot more than social media So in this graph from business insider The green line you see is the number of active users on the big four messaging apps and The blue line is the number of total users or active users on the big four social networking apps The big four messaging apps are WhatsApp We chat Telegram and Viper the big four social networking apps are Facebook LinkedIn Twitter and Instagram There's a lot more users hanging out in your messaging apps now. They're moving away from social media So what does this mean? This means The majority of users are focusing their attention in messaging and That's why people started creating chatbots so that people can speak to your services through these messaging apps So I'll take a step back and try to reintroduce what a chatbot is right for those of you who still are not Don't understand what it really is a chatbot is an intelligent chat assistant It has it has one-on-one conversations with you or it can be put in your group conversations And it could facilitate a chat for you negotiate in the group for you And these chatbots perform tasks and services very simply put So they can connect to a back-end they can connect to API's they can do math They just perform tasks and services so Back to the point of Conversations and being human right the point I wanted to make was Conversations enhance human connection So what this really means is I'm actually gonna break break the word to break the phrase human connection down into the two words human and connection So let's say Now you're trying to build a chatbot or your company's decided we're gonna build a new chatbot and you chat interface and the thing is if you want to Enhanced human connection. We really need to think about What humans are? especially when they're having conversations so In general well, this is not a perfect example of what a human is but I'd say when humans are speaking in conversations They tend to do three things right they tend to be very natural that means they don't say They don't pretend to be a robot. They don't say I'm I say next to play the next song or previous to play the previous song or click X It's close the exit sign instead humans say things like I'm bored of this song like show me a next song. So they tend to be natural Another thing is humans are also very I mean revolve around a very particular culture This culture does not have to be restrict itself to being a geographical culture but it could be a culture of how they're brought up what their interests are in so For example people who are really interested into land games Counter-strike games or stuff. They commonly use the words lead noob and Headshot in all their conversations and this stuff actually has to be understood by our chatbot So we really need to think about like the culture that humans are in and finally when humans are speaking to chatbots They really really like to participate Very simply put this means their chatbot should not be doing all the work rather. It should be collaborating with a human getting their inputs and Having a cooperative conversation to be able to like come up with an answer or come up with whatever they're looking for So Okay, before I move on to the next slides. I know the majority of you here are designers, right? So How many of you have ever felt overwhelmed by developers in your company or how many of you have felt that These the developers are not able to understand what you're trying to say and therefore you're just I mean you just can't communicate with them Okay, cool. So a few of you have actually felt this so Chatbots now Are actually being created a lot by developers and The difficult developer mindset for conversation design is actually really not that good so When chatbots are built by developers the majority of them say My chatbot will be smart and answer all the questions that the users will ask and best of all it's AI So it will self-learn, right? This is probably something you've seen on Chatbot marketing all over Facebook or all over like other websites you see and developers when they think of building chatbots. They only think about I won't say all developers most developers They only think about the technicals behind it They think about the artificial intelligence the natural language processing entities intense automation Analytics and they say the chatbot will have to give you answers and answers and answers So because most chatbots have been tried out and experimented only by developers the results For most chatbots in the world today are actually not that good So take a look at this example the NBA the NBA is a huge organization national basketball Association the NBA had a chatbot and Someone's just asking for the name of Larry Burt Who's a basketball player and the chatbots has please type in the NBA finals players name It's just not able to understand and you can see some other examples here where the chatbot says Sorry, I didn't get that or I'm not sure what you meant I'm sorry about that or some chatbots are like stuck in a constant radio loop Where they say please select an option please select an option please select an option Even though you're trying to change the context. It's not working So the thing is There's good news for you guys even though chatbots Don't really seem to have a lot of design on the on this Surface of it a lot of design actually has to go into building conversations as well so When we build a chatbot we should design for the human damage like Essentially humans are people that says I just asked for help. I just wanted the chatbot to answer my questions so humans have very very natural characteristics like feelings Experiences and when they speak to chatbots the mid a lot of them will tend to be very very random with your chatbots and Like like for example boss uncle a lot of users actually ask him where's boss auntie or and A really common finding is a lot of users when they start a new conversation with a new chatbot They just tend to like be very naughty and try to play around with swear words all the way in the start So you could see you're saying fuck fuck fuck, but the chatbots just like I mean most chatbots are not able to understand that so the thing is Humans when they speak to chatbots they tend to Ask things like questions They put out expressions and they try to be cooperative with the chatbot So this is how I guess When we think of designing a conversational and experience we really got to think about who's the human behind it and In the end conversation design is all about the loop between What the developers can do and what the what the humans can give right so? the developers can say my chatbot is powered by AI and it has NLP and It gets all this data and it gives these answers But at the same time it should keep learning and the designers should keep saying that I'll keep Telling the developers that Don't just do that Humans tend to be natural when speaking to the chatbot. So that's where that comes in So this how a chatbot constantly develops Now the second part of conversations and the human connection is the connection part of it and what this means is Chatbots are inherently social and chatbots can actually be used to Help a community So think about it like chatbots exist on messaging apps, right? They exist on Facebook They exist on WeChat They exist on Viber all these are actually social networks these networks actually allow you to connect people together and Because of that there's a huge advantage that these chatbots have So let's compare an experience from a chatbot to an experience from an app like a typical app on your phone so apps produce generally isolated unrelated experiences Right and every new app you install has a learning curve when you install it You got to look at a user interface you got to figure out how to use it and there's a typical onboarding flow Where you got to log in register and you got to register and log in for every single new app that you have So they tend to be generally be very top-down so if there are two apps from two competitors they try to get the same information from different users and They try to provide individual isolated experiences to these different users. So this is actually not that efficient Because you don't want your users Continually always registering a new account every time they act they have a new service things like that, right? Well, let's take a look at bots Bots chatbots they live on social networks and when they live on social networks, it means they can connect to people and They can connect to each other as well. It's really interesting so One bot imagine one bot has spoken to these three users, but the second bot hasn't spoken to these three users The thing is if if the second bot and this first bot come to a partnership the first bot can actually pass all this information to the second bot and That way the user doesn't even have to register or go log in to use the second bot. It already has the information about you so it's all on the social networks and What's nice is because it's on a social network. It's on a familiar and inherently social interface so Inherently, I mean like essentially these eliminate the friction of apps So now back to bus uncle, right? enough of my lecture So bus uncle went viral when bus uncle was launched Essentially in the start He had a very few users like maybe 200 or 300 but he got picked up by a lot of social journalism websites and I remember Okay, let's go back to the story. I launched bus uncle on October 26 2016 October 25th 2016 and A few days in I had been getting like oh the way I launched it is actually put it on my own social on my Facebook profile so Essentially as I told my own friends Hey guys, I released a new bot called bus uncle. Just go try it out It was literally just meant for my own friends on Facebook not meant for anyone else the thing about bus uncle is My friends really enjoyed having conversations with him that they start screenshotting the conversations and start posting it on their profiles So when they did that their friends who are not my friends also started using bus uncle and Those were people that I did not intend bus uncle Do to be users of So that way bus uncle actually spread virally for a few days. I got maybe 20 new users 30 new users every day But just on the fifth day that he was out bus uncle Like was seen by a really popular social journalism website called mothership.sg If some of you might know that they're really really popular amongst millennials here in Singapore so when mothership Had their eyes on bus uncle. They actually published an article about bus uncle without contacting me first and They published that article about bus uncle and that was a Day of a hell for me because when they did that I got so many new users So to give you a perspective, I remember it was on a Friday on a Friday at 2 p.m. I had about 220 users at most and Just four hours passed by it went to 6 p.m. Oh wait mothership.sg posted the article at 2.30 And what's at a 6 p.m. I had like 8,500 users speaking to bus uncle So that was I mean is good. It's a good problem to have But the thing is I literally just meant bus uncle to be just for my friends on Facebook So he wasn't intended to handle all that traffic I used free versions of everything that said you can have a maximum of this many users right and When that happened essentially when 8,000 people were trying to speak bus uncle at the same time Naturally, he just kept crashing right so I Remember that they was like really really Stressful for me because I had to just keep going to my web server and say restart restart restart like every 10 minutes just to make sure that the new users who came in got a little bit of the bus uncle experience and Over time bus uncle actually got viral people start sharing more about him and also on the back end on my side I actually was developing the infrastructure for it to be able to handle a lot more load. So now he's stable now it's fine, but Bus uncle actually did go viral and a lot of people asked me What do you think made your chatbot go viral because I've seen a lot of chatbots out there and they suck I Wouldn't say this is like the perfect answer to it. It's just my perspective to it But I bowled it down to these three points one is bus uncle has a very unique personality Right. He's snarky. He's witty. He's grumpy and you speak to him. He might scold you sometimes and then you Complain about the bus being late. He'll scold you back and saying just wait like stop complaining so he has a very very unique personality that kind of allows the people in Singapore to be reminded of a typical grumpy uncle Here in Singapore and that makes them actually feel for it. So Most people don't actually call bus uncle bus uncle. They actually call him uncle So it's very typical of Singaporeans or people residing in Singapore to call their older people uncle and auntie. So it's something they could relate to There's a culture around there So one thing is he had a very unique personality and the culture really made sense Another thing is bus uncle has a non-linear conversational flow This essentially means he can speak to you and your random messages you send him a lot of chatbots They depend on a very linear conversation where you start with a message a and it has to end at a message b And if you try to jump off in the middle the chatbot will say either I don't understand I'll just be like that radio loop again. That says tell me it Tell me where you are. Tell me where you are. Tell me where you are but bus uncle I try to design him in such a way that anyone could speak to anything to him and It has it just have to try to understand what they're trying to say. It's called Nonlinear conversational flow another more popular term for it. It's called a random access navigation So you guys can like go Google that as well Yeah, so for example if you're speaking to him and asking him for a bus You can say I'm at maple tree then he'll say okay your maple trees and which bus are you looking for? And suddenly you get random right you say feeling sleepy You'd actually tell I'm feeling sleepy to bus uncle most other chatbots will be like that's not a bus but But bus uncle says go sleep la and Finally the really really important thing That bus uncle does that a lot of chatbots fail to do is he gives you answers Very simply put a chatbot must give you answers you speak to a chatbot Starts probing you with a lot of questions users will always tend to like just drop off They're gonna be like I don't want to be questioned by this robot Like just give me what I'm looking for he gives you answers upfront. You tell him exactly where you are I'm at bus stop 50119 and I'm waiting for bus 95 Something like that and he'll say yeah three minutes. He gives you exactly what you're looking for So that's also important and that's a reason why he went viral people found utility in that so after bus uncle I Decided to take some of these learnings and go and join a really big hackathon called startup weekend Singapore That Gail was just talking about she's one of the organizers and my team and I Decided to use some of these practices to design another chatbot called ketchup Ketchup is your local travel companion in Medan, Indonesia It's it's really really different from what bus uncle does here in Singapore It's because we wanted to try something new a whole new vertical a whole new geographical territory and in this example What ketchup is doing is he's just saying hey you've landed at the airport. Let me take you to your hotel so When the user says cool, let's go. He actually gives you like very local Tribal information that's actually really hard to find online he says don't take the ubers here or don't take the grabs here and He says you should not take that because they're actually really dangerous you should just take these blue blue cabs called blue birds and They're a lot more safer. So he gives you this like this tribal information. That's actually normally hard to find and also It's really fast here. I'm sorry. I can't really show you but The user says the cab driver speaking to me in Bahasa, Indonesia. I don't understand So the user saying ketchup help me So then what ketchup does is he says, okay, let me translate this for you He shows them a whole Indonesian paragraph and he says show this to your driver So we designed I mean this is one example of a travel chat bot that we did and We went ahead and we won we won startup weekend It says we won $50,000 but it's in prizes. So there's not a real cash Yeah, but it's good like we all got iPhone 10s and drones and stuff. So it's good. Um, but essentially What we learned from this was those those practices hold true like those attributes of good chatbots actually hold true And we tried to apply it to catch up so I guess takeaways on Chatbot design, right? Like when you think about when you design a chatbot when you design a conversational user interface What do you need really really need to think about first things first? foremost very important Leverage on the power of conversation Don't make your chatbot just blast out information to the users all the time and not understand what the user is trying to say don't use chat a chatbot as a tool just to Get new users but rather use it as a tool to understand users more It's it's cause humans the people be speaking behind the chatbots The humans are the heroes when you build your chatbot, right? The chatbot's not the hero the humans are the heroes and the chatbots are just like the sidekicks that are trying to help them What they want but everything you do in a chatbot needs to be about the person speaking to it and Finally chatbots live on social networks There's a huge advantage like they can connect people together. They can connect to each other together like use that as an advantage that's That'll get you like a huge marketing boost So also, what's the future, right? What's the future of chatbots? Some do you guys know who and recent Horowitz is? So and recent Horowitz is a really really popular VC in the US a venture capitalist who invests a lot in tech startups and deep tech startups So they actually predicted that in the next five years People are going to be asking Where's the NLP version of this or rather? How can I speak to your service? Like I don't want to download an app. I don't want to go to your website Like how can I speak to your service? They say chatbots are going to be so prevalent that almost every service It's actually going to be able to speak to you So their chatbots are definitely going to be a lot more prevalent in the future Also, they can talk to each other as I had shown you about the network side of it and finally Chatbots are actually not the future Like because chatbots are just the first step to the future There's going to be a lot more instant services with voice with touch with visuals people are inventing VR people are inventing AR is getting a lot more prevalent and a lot more services are going to be consumed and A lot more waste than just clicking buttons on a cell phone screen So chatbots is just the first step that shows that services can be provided in a different way than clicking buttons on a screen But it's gonna it's gonna evolve. There's gonna be a lot more different services So the vision of boss uncle company, which is The company and I'm doing right now that we are building Chatbots who are AI friends who collaborate to solve the citizens problems. So I showed you about ketchup, right? so ketchup was actually like one chatbot but Because we want to leverage on the power of social we want these chatbots to talk to each other So one thing we want to do is when users speak to ketchup and say, how can I get I'm in Singapore now? How can I get to MBS ketchup will say hold on let me get my friend boss uncle and Boss uncle suddenly comes to the user from the back and says, oh, hey ketchup told me you're looking for Directions to MBS here take bus 57 from here So we want to build these different services that actually collaborate in the back To help you get shit done Yeah What we're doing right now and this more marketing materials what we're doing right now is Brand partnerships and chatbot development under the bus uncle company. So brand partnerships is With bus uncle because he gets so much traffic because he has a lot of fans and followers. He's kind of like an influencer so We've actually partnered with some big brands before like Mastercard and BBC and We actually help them communicate some of their products and services through bus uncle's voice in your conversations Some of you may have seen it. Some of you may have not but essentially bus uncle is Singapore's only AI influencer right now So we do brand partnerships And we also do chatbot development This is to help you and your company Build your first chatbot and make it really awesome. So if you're interested, you can just talk to me after this And that's us bus uncle. You guys have questions Right Oh Yeah, thanks for that. Those are fair questions So the first question was about culture, right? Sometimes when you try to build a chatbot that tries to fit a particular culture You might actually be missing out some on some other users outside this culture and kind of be destructive and kind of destructive Experience with them. So how do I mitigate that? well I'm actually seeing the majority of foreigners who don't understand singlish Actually have a positive experience with the with bus uncle. This is because The foreigners who are living here in Singapore who know singlish is a really common medium of language Actually tell their friends who are coming into Singapore and Tell them if you want to learn singlish talk to bus uncle So that's actually really interesting. I wasn't expecting that I was I was thinking it's gonna be something like what you said that Foreigners just wouldn't understand and they just not use bus uncle But then it's you're right I do have some users who really don't understand bus uncle and they've given me two star Three star ratings just because they say I don't understand, but that's fine. That's that was a risk. I was willing to take anyway So about the culture part of it. Yeah Again, it's just about Building a product that people really will love right as a user researcher in general. We always got to Characterize who our final user is gonna be It's very similar to the culture part of the user of a chatbot We just really need to formalize who's gonna be speaking to the chatbot and who's the majority of the people Who's gonna be speaking to the chatbot and build it for them like we can't build a chatbot That's gonna solve all users problems and be comfortable with all users like one example is a lot of people in Singapore don't really talk to a Siri or Alexa, but it's a lot more popular in the US There's that's a culture part of it as well The second part of the question was You've built two products. They're both male. How's that? affecting your Views are all why did you come to that decision? so You're right we could have built another female chatbot as well and This was actually Something that we hadn't really thought about very deeply into when we build it that when we built that persona yet but it is very very important to Like make sure that your chatbot either has a gender or doesn't have a gender as well There's a lot of research article that's that's say Siri and Alexa Because they tend to be women People don't actually really use it for what it's intended to like it's I mean and To put it bluntly a lot more males actually sexually harass these chatbots It's really weird to think about it, but this actually is a problem I have a friend who built a female chatbot here in Singapore The female chatbots her name is Tushin JJ. I'm not sure if he's here Okay, he's not here. So Tushin JJ is a chatbot Who finds you need the nearest tutors around your area? like tutoring lessons with them, right and He built it around the personality of JJ. JJ is basically being sister and The the avatar of JJ is like a really beautiful girl and It doesn't have anything to show off tutoring. I don't really understand why that was just a really beautiful girl in the form of cartoon and when he launched this a Week after he launched this he came to me and he said hey a lot of guys are harassing my chatbot. What do I do? So This is a real problem, right? I'm not I'm really not sure what the the answer to this is but I guess to try to mitigate Some of these problems are to be on the safer side in general either make your chatbot have no gender at all or The second safest option is maybe to make them male But the thing is I also launched a boss auntie. So But something is not alone in this in April this year. I introduced his wife boss auntie who is his wife and Now sometimes users can speak to boss uncle and sometimes they speak to boss auntie as well So I tried to I tried to like reduce the pressure in that area from that as well Yeah There any other questions there was this facility in Basanti called tickle uncle I see it's not there anymore So I'm more interested in hearing the story behind it Like what was the feedback that ended up in newly moving thinking uncle because it was very nice Stop As you can see well, it's very ridiculous. So Tickle uncle still exists. It's not been removed yet. Oh really might might be a bug So essentially what this is a form of Pagination if you guys know what pagination is it literally means if you have a lot of information You got to try to group it into clusters and make these clusters navigable between each other so Very common form is on tumbler and wordpress when you see like 20 posts then at the bottom of the page you say you have to you want to go to page 2 and Essentially, that's paginating information. Similarly for boss uncle when you search for a bus stop Sometimes he gives you a lot more bus stops than Facebook messengers allowed to show Facebook messengers allowed to show a maximum of 11 Different items and a group. So if for example someone search for Orchard which has a lot of bus stops maybe 22 bus stops the last the last Item that you can click is this one little card which has a button called tickle uncle on it and Essentially when you click tickle uncle, he just says, haha, I'll show you more results It's just a form of pagination. Yeah, and it's literally meant to be like weird and fun and The feedback I got in general was It's no one had like negative views of it a lot of people like just burst out nothing about it And I've been tracking the data as well and it says users They've been positives and sentiments from a user's response after they clicked on tickle uncle, which is weird But yeah, it's just to add to the culture point of view. So to make boss uncle cute or fun, I just had it done Okay, great any other questions Because I do have one question if no one's going one last question Okay, so because you know being having a bot is an emerging feature in the latest few years So how have you you know from your time and trade gecko? Like how do you actually learn about how to build a really really good experience for a bot? Especially in Singapore where Siri wasn't even successful or a company like Apple wasn't successful How have you built a bot has become so popular with the Singapore local culture? And how do you actually win a hackathon in just 52 hours with another bot? Where do you start like how can bot enthusiasts begin their journey? Okay, that's a real question, but in general the question is How has your experience in trade gecko and my previous company helped me do this? How and how have I learned so much about it in such a short amount of time? Well Previously I was in this startup called trade gecko if you guys have heard of them. They're an inventory management SAS platform That aims to help younger businesses manage the back ends of their business so I really really really like trade gecko because trade gecko is one SAS platform that makes something so boring like managing Excel sheets in a business actually fun and actually Interesting to use trade gecko is very very design heavy When I was there we had 15 engineers, but 11 designers, so we were actually very very design heavy and That actually taught me a lot about how to think more about users perspectives like previously I was more of a typical back-end Developer like who really had no idea what the user was going to do on the screen at any time like normally I'd just say it works, but at trade gecko I'd have a lot of conversations with my designer friends and We'd have like really interesting Arguments on saying why a button should have a three pixel radius rather than a ten pixel radius So I learned a lot about design from fear gecko and that actually helped me Kind of translate some design part of it into the experience of bus uncle as well and I guess How I learned like so much about chat bus in a short amount of time It's just because when bus uncle went viral another thing I learned from trade gecko is we got to track everything We got to track your data across every single interface right so When bus uncle was launched I had installed tracking so I knew every time a user even said the word Hi or by I knew every single time a user felt sad in a part of a conversation I'd been tracking so much about it because I've been tracking so much about it I'd have all these dashboards in the back that show my chatbot analytics like success rates and retention and failure rates and through this I'd actually kind of learn and optimize a lot on how to make the experience better so primarily Primarily, I guess it's just because it got a lot of data and I'd been tracking it that I'd learned a lot about this stuff Okay. Thank you. Have a lash. Thank you so much


Hi guys, welcome back to this channel. It's Meks from the Meks creation. Remember, we are talking about the latest updates and we talk about also what is happening, what is transpiring in what we call Qatar. Remember, Qatar 2022 we are looking at the fifth world cup. This is a very global event where it involves different number of teams from different countries that qualified to take part in the tournament. There are normally 32 teams that we are talking about that are competing together again is one another to see that one wins what we call the prize. Goes out with the winner Stofi. And the latest updates we have right now is that according to the briefing that was coming from the FIFA here in Qatar press conference that was held, it is scheduled that Japan, the Japanese national team will be one of the first teams to arrive in Doha or Qatar to schedule or to take part in the tournament. It is scheduled or it is anticipated that the samurai of Japan, the national team will be arriving in Doha or in Qatar as the latest information on November 7th. And it will be the first team to arrive in Qatar for the FIFA World Cup tournament. Remember, when we are talking about Japan, Japan is one of the countries that has not actually been successful when it is trying to compete for this World Cup. And it has successfully, when you look at the Asian continent, it has gone through at all times. And we are looking at it as a team that we cannot underestimate or in one way or another we cannot underestimate in one way or another. Because remember when we are looking at the world cup in Russia, it managed to knock out and move until the round of 16 beating even the bigger teams at that time which is incredible, something that we cannot underestimate. Remember, when we are looking at the Japanese team, it normally puts on what we call the blue color which is strips with its color which is blue. And remember, this what we are talking about that Japan is actually one of the countries that is grouped into what we call, we can call it a group of death because in the same group we have countries like Costa Rica which cannot be underrated. We also have countries like Germany which we definitely know. These are champions. Then we also know we have the former champions in 2020 South Africa World Cup which is pain. So definitely I think it is a very good time for them to come into the country, prepare themselves in advance to take into the triumfo and see how better they can also manage to be successful or move out of the group. Remember, Aurora is giving you the updates that will be happening, the updates I promise you. Don't forget to check on my Tik Tok account that makes creation where we shall have all these updates. Aurora is giving you updates as manual roles so be given what is transferring in Kata or Andoha in most of these countries when we talk about jobs, we talk about the opportunities, we talk about how ways you can try to get to manover yourself and to see that you can better yourself and all that. But right now, why this comes in, we cannot stop talking about it because we are talking about Kata 2022 and it's the FIFA World Cup Kata 2022 the only first Arab country, the only first Arab country to host this big tournament and the second Asia country after Japan and Korea to host the FIFA World Cup. So it's a very good event and we expect a lot of festivals around the group from the start of November until December 18th. Remember December 18th is the national day for Kata which is going to be the final day of the FIFA World Cup in what you call Rosale City which is going to be very, very small but the end of it all. So celebrate the final, we are also celebrating what you call the national FIFA World Cup. For people who are living in Kata, for people who are coming to Kata as international fans, you definitely know, you will definitely see what I'm talking about. A lot of things festivals and world stages are being organized, whatever, different activities. So it's just going to be massive. Thank you so much for coming back to Sisyano. Thank you by the way. Don't forget support Shumix creation by clicking the subscribe button and by the way, tapping the notification because you're already up. Let me know if I get to upload something new for you. Thank you so much. See you again in the next video.


Good afternoon. And my thanks to the organizers of this conference for inviting me to be here. I am indeed going to talk about Boko Haram. I'm going to talk about Boko Haram because as we face the potential for greater US engagement in northern Nigeria, Boko Haram is going to be, I think, a prime case where a high degree of religious literacy by American policymakers is going to be absolutely necessary if we don't make a mess of things. There is nobody more intoxicated by the sound of their own voice than me. Nevertheless, I'm going to try to watch the time so that I can leave time for comments and questions. I realize that some of what I'm going to say may be perfectly self-evident. Other things I may say may seem to be contentious. And indeed, other things I say might strike you as just simply absolutely weird. So I hope that I will be giving you some grist for some things for us to talk about. For Boko Haram, Boko Haram is the Housa and Arabic words for Western education is forbidden. For Boko Haram, violence is not a perversion of Islam. It is at the heart of their faith. The core of their faith is the impetus to create God's kingdom on Earth through justice for the poor, achieved by rigid application of Islamic law or sharia. Anything that gets in the way must be destroyed. That includes schoolboys, 55 of whom were murdered in their dormitory beds about two months ago. Their dormitory beds of the secular school and Western education is secular and forbidden. Or the kidnapping of up to two, some 300 schoolgirls that occurred now three weeks ago and which a major Boko Haram warlord, Abu Bakr Shaqqal, has claimed credit or I would say discredit for before. In both cases, the atrocities occurred because the victims were participating in Western education, which by Boko Haram's definition is non-Islamic. The end justifies any means. And in the case of Boko Haram, most of its victims are fellow Muslims, whom it regards as not Islamic enough, or as having sold out to the secular government in Abu Bakr Shaqqal. According to Boko Haram rhetoric, the modern secular state promotes idolatry, state worship. A pledge of allegiance to the flag and a national anthem are aspects of state worship. And the worship of anything other than Allah is idolatry. The state is also a nest of corruption that depends on the exploitation of the poor. The state is formed and sustained by Western values and education, which promote secularism, which is contrary to the will of Allah. The Boko Haram insurgency challenges Nigerian unity, the country's political economy, and the government of Good Luck, Jonathan. More than any other African state, a Nigeria under siege has implications for the development of democracy and the promotion of human rights on the continent as a whole. Because Nigeria has been, perhaps, our most important strategic partner in Africa, Boko Haram has profound security implications for the United States. To respond effectively to it will require religious literacy and sensitivity by U.S. policymakers in Washington and among our diplomats in Nigeria. Boko Haram and Nigeria, I submit, are a case study for the importance of religious literacy in world affairs. Realities in Nigeria, when it comes to religion, are different from those in the United States. Throughout Nigeria, the spiritual saturates all aspects of public and private life. Material protests are framed in a spiritual and moral rhetoric, and religious tenants are the foundation for the ideal society. Moreover, the cooperating and competing elites who have run Nigeria since independence usurp these deeply embedded religious sentiments for their own purposes. Individuals and groups protesting against those elites equally draw on religious language and sentiments to frame their own rejections of the status quo and to promote their own vision of Nigeria's future. Hence, in a highly significant way, religion shapes the way Nigerians define the good life and it shapes the protests against the current system that by and large denies it to them. It also provides justification for the use of violence against adversaries who are also defined in religious terms.  Boko Haram very much draws on this tradition. Religious conflict in Nigeria is only one element in a polity divided by ethnicity, but its importance is becoming ever more salient as the kidnapping of the 300 schoolgirls by Boko Haram illustrates. The nation is increasingly characterized by a weak government which has little regard to the rule of law and in a culture saturated with religiosity. Religious conflict is both a symptom and a driver of the current Nigerian national crisis. National identity is underdeveloped and probably declining to some extent by religion or religiosity takes its place. Modern Nigeria was cobbled together into a single political unit by the British only in 1914 and only for matters of administrative convenience. There was no uniform colonial administration across all territories and ethnic groups, no unifying struggle for independence and there are no national heroes such as Nelson Mandela in South Africa. Since independence in 1960, political life has been based on geographic regions and ethnic loyalties rather than the nation as a whole. Family, ethnicity, religious and regional identities all supersede loyalty to the nation. Since independence, competing and cooperating elites of both military and civilian governments have run the country for their own benefit. There is little political reference to the Nigerian people. In style, content and in the isolation of the government from its people, there has been remarkable continuity between military and civilian governments. But in contrast, Nigeria's religious landscape has changed dramatically in the 20th century. In 1900, it is estimated that the territory that at present makes up Nigeria was 27% Muslim and 2% Christian. The rest of the nation adhered to traditional religions. Islam has been practiced in what is now Nigeria for more than a thousand years and Muslims regard the Sahel of which northern Nigeria is a part as a core component of the Islamic world. However, during the 20th century and especially after independence, Christianity grew explosively in the south and in the middle belt. And due to internal migration, there are now Christian minorities in the predominantly Muslim north. Nigerian Christians commonly believe that they are now the majority religion and many Muslims fear that they are right. Some Christian leaders resort to triumphalist rhetoric that unsettles Muslims who, by almost all social and economic indices, are much poorer and less developed than their Christian compatriots. The geographic fault line between the two religions runs from east to west across the middle of the country. In all of its forms, faith in Nigeria matters profoundly. Nigerians like to say that they live in the world's most religious country. Yet, this religiosity does not accept religious institutions from being corrupt any more than it does other secular or political institutions. And some Nigerian religious leaders are extremely rich. Both religions are also in the midst of revivals that are very literalist with respect to sacred texts. Both tend to set fixed boundaries between believers and nonbelievers. Their respective clergy are, at least sometimes, authoritarian and judgmental. We can say in general that there is much greater emphasis placed on divine judgment than there is on divine love. Religious conflict has been notably less intense during military than civilian administrations in post-independence Nigeria. This is due, in part, to the tendency of military leaders to eschew religious and ethnic identities. While civilian politicians often involve appeals to ethnic and religious identities to build political coalitions and electoral support, to serve as a break on ethnic, regional and religious divisions at the end of military rule in 1998, the competing and cooperating elites working within the ruling people's democratic party established a pattern of presidential power alternation between the predominantly Muslim North and the mostly Christian South. This system was essentially dismantled in 2011 when the Southern Christian incumbent president, Goodluck Jonathan, successfully won the presidential campaign for reelection with the support or acquiescence of much of the Northern Islamic establishment, and that support was grieved with money. Jonathan's failure to replace the alternation system with a new balancing structure during a period of accelerating political appeals to ethnic and religious identities has been an important driver of Northern marginalization and was a catalyst for the current wave of ostensibly religious conflicts in the northern half of the country. And on the street, the traditional Islamic establishment is seen as having sold out to secularism. These trends are manifested most dramatically in Boko Haram, the diffuse radical Islamist revolt in the north. This insurrection is a direct threat to the traditional Islamic establishment, which is led by the Sultan of Sokoton and the Shaku of Borno, and also to the credibility and authority of the Jonathanite. Boko Haram has tried to murder the Sultan and the Shaku, and it has claimed responsibility for killing the Shaku's brother and bodyguards of the Shaku. Boko Haram is a symptom of a civil war within Nigerian Islam. Radical reformers in what is now Nigeria have long claimed that Muslim leaders are non-Muslims if they are unjust, even when the rulers themselves claim to be Muslims. Hence, so-called Salafi reformers pipped themselves against so-called Sufis who dominate the traditional Nigerian Muslim elites. By the way, let me know parenthetically that words like Salafi and Sufi in common use in the Islamic world tend to have a specific and particular meaning in a Nigerian context, which is not necessarily the same as elsewhere. Some, again, so-called Salafi reformers wish to establish a pure Islamic state characterized by the strict application of Sharia. This has potent appeal in a period of increasing personal and communal poverty at the grassroots level while the traditional elites prosper from connections with the federal government and its oil revenue. An aspect of the Islamist revival has been a rejection of working within the established structures of the secular state. Often charismatic imams or mamams organize communities that withdraw as much as possible from secular life. Usually, such groups are quietists or even pacifist. However, at times they can turn violent, usually in response to the secular state's heavy handedness. This is the case of Boko Haram. Mohammed Yusuf, a charismatic malam, organized his community in the city of Maiduguri around 2003. It sought to establish God's kingdom on Earth in microcosm through the rigid application of Sharia and by isolating itself from the secular world. From its inception, the group was hostile to the Nigerian state and rejected Western education as non-Islamic. The name they apply to themselves in English means the congregation of the people of tradition and jihad. The more widely known name, Boko Haram, is a label first used by the government and the media, and it comes from the group's rejection of Western education. However, the group was generally non-violent, if not pacifist until 2009. That year, there were a series of altercations over local issues, likely manipulated by local politicians that resulted in Yusuf instigating a direct attack on the state, to which the security forces responded brutally. At least 800 were killed. During the suppression, the police murdered Yusuf. The crime was captured on film and went viral on various media platforms. In the aftermath of his death, several hundred of his followers were also extrajudicially killed and the movement went underground, only to re-emerge in 2010 under a new leader, Yusuf's deputy, Abu Bakar, Shaka'a. No longer peaceful, Boko Haram looked to overthrow through violence, the Nigerian state government, and its compromised Islamic establishment. Shaka'a has called for the replacement of the Sultan of Sokoto, the premier Islamic political and religious leader, by a council dominated by Boko Haram and situated not in Sokoto's state, but in Yobe's state, illustrating the interplay between religion and ethnicity. Sokoto is House of Hulani in population, while Yobe is Kanuri, as is Abu Bakar Shaka'a. He also seeks the expulsion of Christians from the north. However, while it has killed Christians, most of its several thousand victims have been Muslims. The government's response to Boko Haram is to see it as a terrorist movement, an isolation of any environment that may have fostered it, and has reacted with violent repression. The government's seemingly indiscriminate killing of Boko Haram members and many others who were simply in the wrong place at the long time appears to be a driver of popular support for or acquiescence to Boko Haram. In fact, during some periods of particularly brutal security forced repression, they may be responsible for as many Nigerian deaths as Boko Haram. The size of Boko Haram is unknown. However, it has mounted operations involving at least 500 operatives, employing several thousand members and affiliates. In addition, much larger numbers appear to acquiesce to what Boko Haram is doing, even if they do not support its violent methods. A credible hypothesis is that it draws many of its activists from the ranks of former students in the Al-Majiri schools. These are decentralized institutions, usually without government support, where Malams instruct their students to memorize the Quran, but in Nigeria virtually nothing else. The pool of such students is estimated to number between 10 and 12 million. Very similar to Boko Haram is the group Ansaru, a smaller radical group with a base in Kano and Kaduna, rather than in Horna or Yubei. Its full name in English means vanguards the protection of Muslims in black Africa. Its leadership is obscure. Abu Ansari is frequently identified as its leader, but little other than his name is known. Its spokesman claimed the group split from Boko Haram because the latter was killing too many Muslims. Ansaru avoids Muslim casualties and actively attacks Christian churches. It appears to be trying to provoke a Christian backlash against Muslim minorities in the south, presumably to promote the breakup of the Nigerian state. Thus far that effort has been unsuccessful. Ansaru has introduced into northern Nigeria tactics more commonly associated with the Sahel and Al-Qaeda, especially kidnapping for ransom and possibly the use of suicide bombers, which were previously unknown in West Africa. It is also involved with Trans-Saharan smuggling. The group has links with radical Islamist groups in Algeria and Mali, but it is unlikely that it takes its direction from them. However, its fighters include some from outside Nigeria, especially Chad and Niger. There is some evidence of tactical cooperation between Ansaru and Boko Haram, and it is certainly possible that they will reunite. Boko Haram and Ansaru both glorify violence.  Both are bitterly opposed to democracy. Shekau has said, quote, I swear by Allah there will be no democracy in Nigeria. We are going to rise up against it, and we shall soon defeat it. The concept of government of the people, by the people, for the people, cannot continue to exist. It shall soon, very soon, be replaced by government of Allah by Allah for Allah. Elsewhere in the north are other groups about which outsiders, including the Nigerian government, appear to know little. Their grievances and the focus of their violence are usually local, though they will use Islamist rhetoric associated with Shekau. Presumably, many of them have a criminal or a political dimension, or both, as opposed to a purely or largely religious motivation. The American and British governments designated Boko Haram and Ansaru as terrorist organizations in 2013. The U.S. Treasury placed a reward for information on the location of Shekau and a few other radical leaders. The Abuja government seeks to involve Washington and London in its anti-terrorist campaign against Boko Haram. Boko Haram, in turn, is using increasingly hostile rhetoric towards the West, especially the United States. There are now some Nigerian calls for international assistance, especially by the U.S. and the UK. However, credible reasons of human rights abuses by the security forces under the control of the Nigerian government creates difficulties, that is to say, the lately amendment, for outside involvement. Under such circumstances, I would suggest we foreign friends of Nigeria should adhere to the principle of first, do no harm. Assistance to the Uluja government should be undertaken only following wide consultation with Nigerians in and out of government. We should avoid the temptation to just do something, especially in the aftermath of specific, horrific Boko Haram atrocities, such as the recent kidnapping of some Nigerian schoolgirls. Any action we take should be informed by knowledge of and sensitivity to the religious dimension of the current Nigerian crisis. We should understand any external intervention in Nigeria's North will be understood by the Muslim majority in religious terms. Second, it would be safe were we to focus on humanitarian assistance. That humanitarian assistance might initially be directed towards locating the kidnapped schoolgirls. Subsequently, it might be meeting the basic human needs of the millions of persons internally displaced by the struggle between Boko Haram and the state. Here, it is a question of meeting basic needs, food, shelter, medical care. Such assistance should also be made available to Nigeria's neighbors that are hosting thousands of refugees. Such humanitarian assistance might help counter the radical Jihadi narrative in Northern Nigeria that Americans are at war with Islam. Third, the Obama Administration should increase its support for those individuals in and out of government working to advance human rights and genuine democracy. It should never be silent in the face of security service human rights violations. Silence only undercuts the efforts of Nigerian human rights activists, and they are numerous and growing. The White House and the State Department should publicly call for the thorough investigation of any credible charges of security service abuse. The principle must be that sovereign states that aspire to be democratic are always held to a higher standard than terrorist groups. I have mentioned that it is already assumed in West Africa that we are at war with Islam. The U.S. drum base in Niger is widely seen as targeting Islamic radicals. The U.S. response to Boko Haram and the wider Nigerian crisis will put a particular premium on our sensitivity and understanding of the religious dimension to West Africa in general and Boko Haram in particular. What specifically can we do? Let me draw on a few examples of the kind of outreach that we can be involved with in northern Nigeria that occurred during the time I was ambassador to Nigeria. Do not claim credit for any of these. Most of these initiatives were spontaneously generated from within the embassy. First, a highly effective approach was to bring American Imams and Nigerian Imams together. 15 or 20 American Imams naturally practically all of them from Orange County, California came and met with 15 or 20 Nigerian Imams. They spent a day hashing through an entire series of essentially theological issues. By the end of the day a couple of the Nigerian Imams said to me that they were astonished to find a vibrant Islamic community in the United States that felt in no way persecuted. In conjunction with that the public affairs office within the embassy mounted a photographic exhibit of mosques that had been built in the United States. Not just the mosque in Washington or the mosque in New York but mosques scattered across the country. This Nigerian audience found astonishing. You mean they haven't been burned down yet. That worked pretty well. Certain embassy junior officers took it upon themselves to serve the meal that breaks the fast each day during Ramadan. Add a mosque in a working class part of illusion. What made an impression was not the provision of the food but the fact that the American junior officers cooked the food and then served it to the people who came. The notion that Americans would actually serve poor Nigerians was regarded as altogether extraordinary and some of my elite Nigerian contacts were not terribly pleased with the precedent that had seemed to be establishing. A final example each year at any embassy I've ever been involved with there is a commemoration of 9-11. At Abuja that commemoration was held at the Jarajua center which is among other things a center of Islamic scholarship and the person who gave the prayer was a young Imam who had visited the United States and was quite prepared to be publicly associated with the Americans and that particular anniversary. These specific episodes are examples that I am citing are small scale they cost in the grand scheme of things practically nothing and they can have a huge impact. Thank you very much. Now for the best part questions. Yes sir. I'm afraid I'm going to ask you three inside baseball questions that I've had since I got through the book and I thought I had a picture of my two old grandson learning to read it in his car scene but I don't have it. Upside down. Two questions that came out after reading your book. One was what would have happened had President Yarada lived and that succession rotation been able to be maintained. Let's take it one at a time. That's a very important question. I thought it was a very important question. No, it's a very important question. Because President Yarada was a Muslim and in terms of the normal rotation it was the north's turn a Muslim's turn turn to hold the presidency. Under the Nigerian system if the president was Muslim the vice president was Christian Muslim. President Yarada's vice president was Good Luck Jonathan. President Yarada died essentially of kidney disease after he had been in office for a little more than two years but while he was still healthy enough to operate he was already advancing a kind of reformist agenda. You're asking a counterfactual question. My own view is that if Yorajua had lived and if the power alternation between the north and the south had been maintained Boko Haram would not have gone away because it was on very deep streams in northern Nigeria but it may well not have turned violent and it certainly would not have assumed the importance that it has now. So the death of Yorajua was a tragedy. You got a second question? So it's part of the same in a way and you and others who write about Nigeria today talk about the corruption and weakness of the state and you didn't talk about that much now how important is the weakness of institutions and if that isn't how do NGO peace builders like people who work at Iwerka how can they get around that or if there is or what do we do under this circumstance? I'm not trying to back out of the question part of the problem is that what is corruption is culturally determined corruption is not something which is absolute. We Americans have to determine that it is I mean we say corruption is corruption as we define it and therefore a piece of legislation like Foreign Practices Act makes it extraordinarily difficult for American companies or I suspect American NGOs to operate on it in Nigeria let's like that reality aside for Nigerians they have their own particular definition of corruption and they know it when they see it and they will argue that real corruption in Nigerian terms has gone through the roof over the past four or five or six years there was an extremely embarrassing episode in which the governor of the central bank in late winter said either 50 million dollars or 10 million dollars or 20 million dollars pick a figure had been withheld by the National Petroleum Corporation from the treasure the National Petroleum Corporation is headed by the Minister for Petroleum the Minister for Petroleum is, how shall we put it a close personal friend of President John Actually it is for far the issue of the major concern in Nigeria and every Nigeria is living in fear and the western education how do we give a whole strategy policy for the government because we need assistance and we need to do society which I'm already handling to give the U.S. government a plan to vote without trading people to not vote once The question of U.S. assistance to Nigeria and what form it would take has to be driven essentially by the Nigerian government because Nigeria is a sovereign state over the past week or so particularly since the kidnapping of the 300 school girls has really energized both people within Nigeria but also in the international community during that time frame the Nigerian government has said it would welcome outside assistance and make specific reference to the United States the United Kingdom of France and China The Obama administration's response has been to offer assistance but no terms have been defined by anybody The Nigerian press says that an American team is going to Nigeria next week for consultation with the Nigerian authorities there has been talk that we could provide things like a certain amount of intelligence sharing training and so forth Historically the Nigerian government has been extremely reluctant to either ask for or accept foreign assistance So for me right now I'm not sure how real the request for assistance is or whether in fact any US assistance will have a transformative effect I think there it's a case that we have to watch that space Very good, appreciate it Wow Question dealing with the top people in Nigeria the Muslim leftists the Orbeez, the Fulani Kanuri and the idea of your ethnic identity is tied to religion to be a Fulani is to be a Muslim How is that impacting and I'm probably quite religious in Nigeria and I see this all over the world where our identity and ethnicity is tied to our religion How is that impacting the work that is currently going on to reconcile sides and how can that be overcome that missing tied to religion and all the rest of it? It depends on the part of the country that we're talking about amongst the Fulani the people in the North being Muslim is part of being Fulani but amongst the Euro people the people who live around Lagos and the part of the country that in many respects is most developed and most advanced religion is essentially affiliated in other words amongst the Euro you can decide to be an Anglican or a Presbyterian or Muslim and there's lots of intermarriage between Muslims and Christians in that part of the country and they even keep each other's holidays So there in the most developed part of the country it essentially really isn't an issue but in the North it's of absolutely crucial importance and in one part of the country in the middle boundaries between ethnicity religion and land use all correspond so you have Muslim House of Fulani Kurdsman colliding with Christian Barone farmers now is a person being killed because he's a Christian of Barone or a farmer it's extremely unclear and what has happened in that particular area I'm referring to Plateau State for those of you that are as obsessed with Nigeria as I am in that particular part of the country there has been an effect ethnic cleansing Thank you very much I appreciate your thought imagine our share I'm a researcher at Plain Hospital in Boston and basically one of the things you mentioned is about the role of Muslims in America in international affairs not just internally and I think that's a very good point that you brought up so if you would like to tell us more about what would be some of the roles of Muslims American Muslims that they can play internationally especially by the way that many people don't know there are no Muslims in America then in many Muslim countries so basically maybe they can play a bigger role in that Let me give you a specific example when I was ambassador we had in the political section a young political officer A1 from New York City whose father was Pakistani her mother was Egyptian and she was a practicing Muslim she was not failed but she was always covered she traveled all over the world absolutely by herself and was able to develop contacts and relations between the embassy and parts of the North that we had never had before in other words perhaps we should more self-consciously draw on the incredibly rich matrix we have of different groups in this country for our own diplomatic service we've done that before there were special recruitment efforts amongst the Japanese American community because they knew Japanese and Japanese is a initially difficult language for Americans to learn perhaps we should do a little bit more thinking about that and perhaps we should go focus our diplomatic recruitment efforts on places like suburban Detroit that have big out-of-population


Welcome to female sexual arousal pattern explain, but for purposes of clickbait, how women get All right, now that we've gotten that part out of the way, let's dive right on in shall we? Masters and Johnson created a super comprehensive sexual response model that we're going to use today It explains the act of sex in four parts excitement to plateau to orgasm to resolution For today's video though, we are only focusing on the first two excitement and plateau During the excitement phase a woman sees something or someone attractive at this point her pupils may dilate Her heart rate increases her skin will flush her lips may deepen in color and become larger in size and this rush Also reduces cognitive thinking which is why in this phase We often say and do things a little out of the ordinary for us Now most of us experience excitement several times a day But usually nothing goes down and that kind of just goes away When we actually engage with another human being or on the computer and we see something particularly Interesting that is when we move into plateau phase Now plateau phase is when a woman starts to get really worked up And the glands around the opening of the vagina and inside the canal begin to secrete a dense mucus like substance Not so fun fact this fluid because it is very dense in nature Is at high risk of carrying sexually transmitted infections and diseases, which is why protection Is very important even prior to any kind of penetration Now during this time also the nipples become erect and most importantly the vaginal canal lengthens sometimes Double approximately eight inches and the muscles relax I want to direct your attention over to terrible diagram number two where we'll talk about the clitoris Little known fact is that women also have both erectile tissue and foreskin When a woman is aroused the clitoral hood, which is the skin covering the clitoris Peels back to expose the larger erect clitoris now this entire transformation The female body undergoes can take up to 20 minutes versus men who can go from zero to hero Sometimes in a matter of seconds, but it's important to look at this not as a drag Which is why I hate songs like the dreams But it's something wonderful and fun like a play that unfolds one act one beautiful act at a time Also, what's super important is if you skip this part a lot of women complain that sex is uncomfortable and painful That's right dry tight the cervix is hanging too low and when sex is painful It is not desired when it's not desired you end up not having a great reciprocal sex life So now that you guys have the basic facts, I urge you start asking questions or experimenting with your own body How does your own sexual response cycle work? How does arousal work for you? How long does it usually take and what do you need? All of these fun answers these questions will allow you to get the most out of and enjoy the experience In order to get to the orgasm phase, which we won't cover in this video, but stick around kids You might learn a thing or two mo looks good smells good feels good, but most importantly is like her authentic self Also, you know, I like some soft lips. You know what I'm saying? That also helps Here's a list of five women that I think could get the business on a lips


It's a trading Simon Michelle from Fixed Securities is joining us live Simon thanks for joining us now yields look to be Sort of ticking up slightly everyone watching and waiting for Janet Ellen's testimony this week That's absolutely right, and we've got that Tuesday Wednesday US time And most people expecting to her to be a little bit more hawkish Maybe preparing the market for possibly up to three interest rate increases in the US Markets still not really convinced of a March increase looking more to June So as you say fairly quiet Greats about 20 basis points below the peak in December Really steady as we await that testimony and Aussie yields. I mean they look to also be relatively steady It's a pretty big week of data this week in particular those employment figures on Thursday That's exactly right And I think the market will be looking to that employment number expected to remain around 5.8 and see some positive Jobs added to the economy. I think also obviously very much driven by what we likely to hear Out of the US as well so I think as you see in rate movements both the markets pretty much only up a basis point and Both markets around 20 basis points below what we saw back in December So I'm a Tony from Henderson's here I think we're due to see the Fed minutes from the last rates decision later on this week Do you think it's possible there might be some volatility associated with that or perhaps a push in expectations that we might see March as a live meeting Look, it is definitely possible and you know, that's I think what people are looking to Janet Yellen from to I mean You know, we are expecting her to be a little bit more bullish on rate increases Is that going to put that March increase on or is it going? You know as the market going to continue just to price in for a June increase I think look we know we know that inflation is getting up towards target You know, we've got a little bit of uncertainty around that the growth in relation to you know the Donald Trump fiscal policy Surge I suppose and I think you know markets are really looking for a bit more certainty around that I think Janet Yellen is going to be really about suggesting that you know It is quite possible that as we get more detail out You are going to see the curve adjust to take account for for that And you're going to see the need for her to push rates higher quicker than what the markets got the price in at the moment Interesting. All right. Well, I'm also watching these credit spreads looks like they narrowing investors moving into risk That's right So you know just as you see the equity market performing well and investors happy to jump into that we're seeing credit spreads No, and now that's basically the risk premium on bonds So what it means is that investors are happy to buy slightly more risky bonds and take advantage of the higher returns They're offering at the moment. All right, fantastic Simon. We'll wrap it up there. Really appreciate you joining us. Thank you Thank you very much