Hey fellow buddies. Thanks for watching. Alright, I have a what sold from hodgepodge If you guys have been around the Bolo buddies YouTube channel, this guy goes way back to the beginning when I first started I have been featuring his store for a very long time and I think it's been about five months since I Featured his store. So what does it mean to feature his store? Well, really? I'm just gonna show you his what solds and he is a big money Bolo finder And I love featuring his store because I always learn so much from looking at his solds So first off, he has a Facebook group. I'd love for you guys to all go and join it And he also has a YouTube channel that he's not really doing anything with but he does have some jewelry videos And he's super super knowledgeable.  All right. Let's get started here So the first thing I need to do is pull up my screen share So real quick. This is his Facebook group. It's eBay life resellers research group Flippers sellers thrifters buyers and more that will be linked down in the description Here is his YouTube channel 633 subscribers without trying that will also be linked down in the description And here is his eBay store, which I will also link down in the description So be sure to check out his stories got really great stuff. So the first item he sold Which I just had to pick this one because you guys it's vintage Kleenex from 1977 and he got these bought a closet full for like three dollars have sold over 20 at 30 to 50 several have sold to TV shows So he got $50 for these Kleenex you guys how cool is that? Family size family size very very cool All right, I just love that one.  I love toys. This is from the 90s. He said This one sold for a best offer of 60 and he got it for a dollar along with like five others Which have all sold for 35 to 75 each So it's a little There he is Just a little toy you got to be careful when you're looking at toys because You can toss them to the side thinking they're nothing and they can be big money. I mean 60 bucks for that. That's awesome The next item is this Mary thought teddy bear and it says the magnet bear I don't know what the magnet bear means, but let's look at some of the photos so we know what we're looking for the bear that attracts Still not sure what it does. Maybe it has some sort of magnetic thing. I don't know Made in England this sold for $80 and he picked it up at a thrift store for $10 So Mary thought bear the magnet bear. Okay, these are awesome mid-century modern vintage Bill Curry design line jacks jack George Nelson era white. So this is a Jack or jacks, I don't know, you know, it's like a game I think But he purchased a lot of six of these for a hundred and twenty dollars and the one this one sold for a hundred and fifteen And I'm gonna show you another one here Here in a little bit. So stay tuned for that So that is very cool. I I would have walked right past that if I'm being completely honest I would have had no idea and What I would like to know see if he did his own channel and he did his what solds He could explain how he knew this was a bolo. That would be super educational, right? I've been trying to get him to do videos You guys tell him in the comments of this video that he needs to put out content Of his what solds. All right, this next thing Nick in mag creator magnetic back roller massager So it's a massager. He got this at a thrift store for five dollars and he sold it for a hundred and fifteen dollars plus shipping The next item is a prosthetic leg He got this at the Salvation Army and he got it out of the Halloween decor area So he paid three dollars for it. So if you guys do not know prosthetic legs or Anything like this that are medical People need these so if you find them pick them up because people will buy them secondhand and used my husband actually found wanted an estate sale that I was on primetime treasure hunters channel and I Showed it in the thrift battle against on a telebotelino, but mine was completely different. It was more metal. I've never seen one like this But they definitely are a good pickup. He sold this for a hundred and twenty five dollars and again paid three for it So somebody just they shouldn't have had it in the Halloween department because people need these this one does have some damage, but I Don't know if it can be repaired or not, but a hundred and twenty five plus shipping on that The next item is this vintage Jade carved killer whale orca pin He got this at a thrift store for four dollars and sold it for a hundred and thirty five plus shipping So Eddie is very very knowledgeable and jewelry as you saw on Let me go back over here to his YouTube channel He has a bunch of unboxings of jewelry that he's picked up Super educational definitely check those out if you're into jewelry and he has some other videos also, but He hasn't done any content for a while, what's it been five months five months. Oh, this is the little pet shop Oh my goodness. I featured this in one of the videos He found a little pet shop and he had it put in a group of like five and it was hidden in the back And the bids went crazy. It was like ultra rare. So it looks like he did a little video on it So you guys should definitely go check that out Okay, we did the pen now. We have this Nintendo NES 101 control deck top loader console Never seen this one, but he got it for ten dollars at a thrift store and he sold it for a hundred and thirty five dollars So it's a top loader. I Don't even think I would have known that that that was some type of Nintendo. I Mean, maybe the little Mario on the back would have given it away But yeah, that's oh it says it on the front. Huh? Have you guys ever seen a top loader? The next item is this red comb poultry feeds It is a stool and Eddie's not afraid to sell big stuff. You know me. I shy away from that He will ship pretty much anything He got this at an antique shop for thirty dollars and he sold it for a hundred on eBay and the buyer paid shipping So it's an old stool. Very cool The next item that sold is this Box you guys it is the box and the styrofoam insert only Yeah, how crazy is that? I know somebody recently posted one of these in the group, but they sold theirs for much less Want to say was like seventy five or something like that? He sold his for a hundred and seventy five dollars and he got it at a yard sale for ten bucks And it even has right here some damage to it So that is a fantastic return and the buyer paid shipping. So the buyer was almost all in for about two hundred bucks The next item is this vintage paper mache napco wear Hoover girl vacuum notter bobblehead Susie smart excuse me So he picked up a collection of bobbleheads and he paid two or wait Hold on I think it's on one of my other papers. I've got a whole list of papers here I'm not sure what he paid for it I think he bought a whole collection for one price and I'm not sure if the collection was 250 or if he's telling me this sold For 250 so I think it's on the next one so I will let you know when we get to the next bobblehead, but this sold for 250 dollars and here she is holding her vacuum and bobblehead a great word to put is not or Also in the title The next item that sold is this bingles hat. He said he got it at the Goodwill for one dollar and It sat for over a year When they went to the Super Bowl He sold it for 250 dollars. So sometimes if you're patient Timing is everything so two hundred and fifty dollars plus shipping on that one Cool old vintage Cincinnati bingles hat The next item I could not find the notes on this one uh Maybe it'll be mixed in here, but It's I'm gonna show it to you just because I have it pulled up. It's a modern blown glass copper bowl, anthony stern england centerpiece I don't know what he took a best offer for he typically doesn't go too much under asking I would say maybe at the most 20% but made in england there And it's signed so anything that's etched into a piece You know, it's probably you know handmade and maybe look up that artist The next item is this fiesta drip cut serp cobalt cobalt blue dispenser He got this at a thrift store for five dollars And he sold it for two hundred and seventy five That is fantastic. It's a serp. It's for serp. Come on 275. That is crazy I probably would have walked right past it The next one are these educational legos. He got these at the Goodwill for 15 and he took a best offer of 200 So these look pretty old, but he's got all he's showing all the manuals Oh teachers manual Hold on software and manuals. So it's some sort of software Huh, never seen anything like that Let me know in the comments if anyone's ever sold anything like that and was yours a bolo The next item is this other bobblehead here Okay, so it looks like he bought the whole collection for 250 and it doesn't say where he just bought it This guy says boston And it's sold for three hundred and ten dollars. It's buster boston brunes hockey notter bobblehead paper mache again So it's a bobblehead and it's paper mache and it's vintage. So Definitely worth looking up 310 plus shipping The next item is this a linole train. He um actually it's a linole standard gauge pre-war cattle car He got it at a yard sale And he paid $15 for it and he sold it for $315 plus shipping must have been one of those like A yard sale slash estate sales I mean, you can't put yard sale in the title, right? A lot of people have yard sales that are actually for an estate. So it's probably what he meant Bill Stroud Burt Stark mansion South carolina signed framed print. So here we go. It's got this All this that goes with it and took a best offer of $265 on this and he paid 20 at a thrift store He's really good at art and finding art pieces as well. Just super knowledgeable. Well rounded like way, um Way more he's been doing it a lot longer. So he's He's got he knows his stuff The next item is this rare 14 inch perco ship steering wheel wood brass antique nautical maritime relic Facebook marketplace he paid 60 bucks for it and it sold for $345 It's just like he knew he saw that on facebook and he knew it was worth money So he went and bought it like I would have saw that on facebook and been like, oh, wow a ship wheel I would have had no clue That's how we learn, right? It's why I do this a state find wooden boat rc model as is incomplete handmade He got it at a thrift store. Okay, you can't mix up a thrift store this day So it looks like eddy uses a state find in his titles. He may be a fiver We won't we'll just say fiver wooden boat $3 thrift store and sold it for $331 plus shipping It's something you would find at a Estate sale it could have been donated by an estate probably was actually Eddie you've got some explaining to do the titles aren't matching my notes, buddy All right, the next item Is this copeland spode christmas? Cookie jar and he got this at a thrift store for $25 and he sold it for $325 plus shipping That's amazing. All right. Here's more of those jacks um He sold six for no way. I'm sorry bought six. Okay. Here's here it is you guys So he bought six of them for a hundred and twenty dollars He sold the first set for a hundred and fifteen or the first one for a hundred and fifteen And these three sold for three hundred and forty five again It says george nelson bill curry design Not sure what all that means but for somebody who is a collector I'm guessing that's important because he got big money for those jacks Okay, like I said, he will sell furniture Tell city solid maple cat tail back dining room or dining side chair So it looks like he has five of them and he's already sold three So instead of selling them as a lot he is selling them in um individually For like replacements if people need them and he's already sold three Tell city chairs bought six for seventy five dollars have sold three at full price and full price looks like it's $375 So that is fantastic The next item is this rare vintage champagne or champagne. Yeah Not like champagne with a c but champagne. I may be saying that wrong company medical adjustable stools stainless still sold Let's see sold other for 350 medical stool Salvation army $15 So he got it at thrift store for 15 I may have messed up my notes here, but it says 350 Not sure sometimes if things um Like if it was an auction and he took a best offer, I don't know I don't know what's going on there. He auctioned it at 325 and maybe somebody offered him 350 I've seen that happen before Or maybe it's a typo The next item is this elizabeth o'neill verner Church pencil art frame charleston. He got this for two dollars at the goodwill Oh, I'm sorry bought let's see verner verner pencil art bought two at the goodwill for eight So he basically paid four dollars for this and sold it for three hundred and seventy five This one is awesome. Looks like a file cabinet, right? No, this is not any file cabinet This is a schwaab 2500 fireproof file cabinet upright for drawers So I guess we need to be looking up file cabinets because I didn't even know there was such a thing as a fireproof File cabinet He got it at a yard sale for 40 bucks and he sold that for 400 with free local pickup The next item i'm not sure what these are antique primitive dry measure round boxes wooden nesting handmade so I I guess they just hold stuff really really cool um really cool 95 at a local antique shop and he sold those for 75 dollars And it looks like the buyer paid shipping The next item is this chelsea ship clock us government eight and a half inch dial boston chelsea clock, uh local antique shop for 65 and he sold that for three hundred and ninety five dollars Plus shipping so you can see he is willing to pay up for things if he knows that he can flip them for big money The next item is this napko. Oh There's the head vase Oh, here's the other one. Okay You guys I had to cut up all the papers and I I deleted the head vase because I couldn't find it I should have left it because I I knew I would have found it. Okay Napa signed 65 dollars on facebook marketplace and he sold this for 350 dollars It's a garage sign The next item is this antique. Oh Solne zone, I don't know Yosin lady art noveva Figural vase. I think I said noveva right. I may not have I did my best. All right Got it for ten dollars at a yard sale and sold it for four hundred and twenty five dollars best offer. Look at that, would you? How fancy let's look at the bottom here. That's what it is on the bottom Elwin even had the paperwork to make it easier to look up. That is awesome Japan jacket sold for 250 So he took a best offer half off, but it's because he got it free at a yard sale So got it free at a yard sale and sold it for 250 best offer 250. This is reversible. It's not in great condition, which is probably why he went ahead and took the offer But wow, that's amazing The next item is this antique lightning rod amethyst glass ball um Lightning rod bought an entire collection 14 total for eight hundred and fifty dollars on facebook marketplace have sold four So far for 500 plus each Wow um again I would not be what is it like what does it do Does anybody know let me know in the comments. I could just message him and say what on earth is that thing? Let's see if it tells down here No Probably the person buying this for Five hundred and twenty five dollars. They probably know what it does right the next item is this accordion Sold for five hundred dollars best offer Was a global shipping program and it was damaged during shipment ebay refunded them But didn't take it from me another reason why he uses global shipping program So if the item gets damaged during shipment in transit um eBay covers it is what he's saying here thrift store purchased 35 bucks And it's an accordion rare student size The next item is another one of the bobble heads Blackhawks sold for six hundred and fifteen dollars best offer Okay, here it is. He bought 44 bobble head collection for two hundred and fifty dollars I knew there were it told me how many on one of my pieces of paper I cut them into little strips and i'm reading them uh, so yeah 44 for 250 bucks. What a deal The next item is this um rockin mid-century tea table Uh, let's see. He ended up taking the best offer of eight hundred and fifty dollars He paid twenty five dollars at a yard sale for this Check it out Wow How cool is that? All right, let me go back to that one. Oh, I can't believe I just clicked on the right one He got this at the Goodwill for nine dollars and he and it had damage Uh, took a best offer and I cut it off. It's on another one. I know I saw it earlier You guys probably want to know It's gonna look funny on my piece of paper because I cut it wrong I can't find it. All right. Well I can't tell you what he sold it for But he did pay ten dollars at a yard sale.  It's so funny. All right. Let me come over here So I had already pulled up all the tabs and I put them on a piece of paper But they were all in the wrong order. So I made little pieces like this and that's what I've been reading from Oh my goodness. All right, so Check him out on Again, I'm going to show you these places to find him and I will link them below his facebook group, which is up to 13 000 members His youtube channel, which is hodgepodge You'll have to use the link down below. It's really hard to search that and find him. I've noticed so you have to use the link I don't know if there's just so many YouTube channels that have that in the title or what and then also his ebay store will link down below So definitely give him a follow so you can watch what he is Listing it's a great way to learn wealth of knowledge. Check him out. Links below. Thank you for being here Thank you for watching and I'll see you at the next one. Thanks for watching


Hi everybody, Joe for jaskiescasebrakes.com coming at you with 2015, a little blast from the past, 2015 Panini Donnery Signature Series Football. 16 box, we're doing the whole master case right there. 16 box, random team break number three. Everyone gets a ranting, it should be about 64 odd. Yeah, a lot of autos in this break. Big thanks to this group for getting in on the action. Appreciate it. All 32 teams are in. And let's roll it and randomize each list. Lucky seven times, one and a six. Who's in this 2015 draft class? Todd Gurley maybe? I know, there are a lot of old school guys in here too. So seven times for names and teams. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seventh and final time. PJ down to PJ. And one and a six, seven times for the teams. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seventh and final time. Oh yeah, that's right. Melvin Gordon too, that's the Marriota Winston draft. That's right. Got the Baltimore Ravens down to the 49ers. Winston, James Winston could be a sneaky good pole. If he is indeed QB one for the Saints and if he has a good season on that team. PJ Ravens, Harry with the Rams, Will with the Colts, Barry with the Browns, Sean with the Texans, PJ with the Lions and Chargers, Sean with the Chiefs, Steven with the Raiders. Obviously you'll get Oakland Raiders stuff. Will with the Tennessee Titans, Sean with the Dallas Cowboys, Aaron with the Pack, Sean with the Seahawks, Aaron with the Bengals, PJ with the Giants, Chris with the Buccaneers, Titans for Heath, Martin with the Eagles, Jonathan with the Saints, Karen with the Jets, PJ with the Broncos, Elliot with the Washington football team, Patrick with the Vikings, Anthony with the Steelers, Patrick with the Dolphins, Daniel with the Panthers. Cardinals for Martin, William with the Jags, Jonathan with the Falcons, Aaron with the Bears, Sean O with the Bills, and PJ with the San Francisco 49ers. So let's get all that on one page. It's alphabetized by team. Here's the case right here. Right, signature series. Now, as I've mentioned many times before, signature series usually has a few surprises in there. Every once in a while, like a real, like an old school monster hall of famer hit will pop and you're like, whoa, did not expect that from signature series. A lot of multi-autos as well. So there might be some randomizing at the end. We're gonna pause the video when we come back. We're gonna see if there's any trades and then the break, stick around. All right, welcome back folks. A little bit of trade chatter, but in the end no deals were done so the list remains the same. Thanks everyone for spending a bit of your first of the month with us. And let's pop this case open. Let's see what's been marinating in here since this released back in 2015. All right, so we're doing, we're doing both inner cases right here. One, two, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Eight here, eight there, 16 boxes. Good luck. Let's see, where are we gonna go here? Let's go this way here. I'm gonna use a blank card here to hide the hits a little bit. First off, out of the gate is David Cobb, Jersey and Otto for the Titans. Let's go into a 75 touch. Can these go into regular sleeves? All right, there's David Korn on the cob. That's gonna be for Will and the Titans. We got Bryce Brown for the Bills. Sean O'Leary with the Buffalo Bills. Buffalo! We got Zach Medenberger. Remember Z-Meth? That's what his autograph looks like. That goes to Will and the Titans. And then this guy knows. Told you there'd be some surprises here. Bo Jackson. Bo knows. That'll be for my Raiders. That's Steve George. Steve and George got randomized. The Raiders. Pretty nice. All right, good start. That was box one. There's Rams' case, Keenum. That'll be for the Rams. Harry with the Rams. Another Ram. Sean Manion. Jersey and autograph. T.J. Jones for the Lions. P.J. with the T.J. And down here we got Duran Brown. Kansas City Chiefs. Sean with K.C. Next box, yeah, the 2015 football box is a retro. I know, what a difference, what six years makes in design. Oh, now there is the risk of redemptions. We all know this with older products. Probably expired, but Panini generally does a pretty good job about trying to do something for you. Maybe if they have the card itself, they sometimes get you the card itself or get you some points or something like that. There's Devin Funches, one out of 49. Three color patch and autograph for Daniel and Carolina. Rod Streeter. I remember Rod Streeter on my Raiders, that goes to Steven. Evan Rodriguez for Chicago. That's Aaron with the Bears. And the redemption is gonna be Signature Series card 102. That's gonna be Emmanuel Sanders. Do I need a checklist for this? Is that Broncos? Emmanuel Sanders back in 2015? To the checklist. Let's go to grouprakechecklist.com. Let's go to 2015. And let's scroll down to card 102. Emmanuel Sanders is a Bronco. So yeah, definitely expired Denver. That's gonna be PJ, that's you PJ. But it might be worth giving Panini a shout and seeing if they could get you something. Hopefully those redemptions are few and far between. All right, we got Kobe Hamilton. Dolphins, that's gonna be for Patrick. Vince Maley. Jersey and autograph for the Browns. Barry with the Browns. Yeah, I'm not sure when Emmanuel Sanders switched teams. Barry with the Browns. Travis Swanson. Detroit, PJ. And there's Marcus Golden. Marcus for Martin and the Arizona Cardinals. Yeah, I just saw the stat line for Brooke Lopez. He is playing well. Should have captained him. My draft Kings line up. Although the Hawks are still in it. Hawks are still in there. They're only down 10. If they can get that shave down to like seven or eight by the end of the quarter and right in it. There's Broshad Perriman. Jersey and autograph for PJ and the Ravens. I would imagine the Andrew Luck stuff still have some kind of value, will. Not at zero dollars. Probably not as good as it once was, obviously. There's Danielle Hunter. Autograph for the Vikings. That's gonna be for Patrick. We got Danny Lasana. Buccaneers, that'll be for Chris. And we got Ronnie Lott. Nice Ronnie Lott for PJ and the Niners. PJ saying Sanders left Pittsburgh after 2013. Then Broncos and Niners in 2019. Sanders went to Denver with Peyton. It's another redemption. And it's Buck Allen, who I think is a Raven. Yes, Baltimore with that one. That'll be for PJ. What are my thoughts on Miami drafting Titan long when they already have two decent, yeah. Not sure. Maybe they don't think those other Titans are decent enough. We got Dree Sanderson for the Niners. PJ, Darren Reeves for KC. Ryan saying Sanders and Thomas was one of your favorite wide receiver course. Watch not for me as a Raiders fan. That'll go to Sean and the Chiefs. And there's Brandon LaFell for New England. Heath with the Patriots. All right, we got Bryce Petty, jersey and autograph. Oh, PJ's got more on Hunter Long. Give me a tremendous move as a pass-catching Titan. So maybe that's the idea. Use him as a pass-catching Titan. Other guys, maybe more adept at blocking. There's Mario Alford. Karen, by the way, gets the Bryce Petty. And the Brian, Alford. The Mario Alford goes to Aaron and the Bengals. There's Jarell Freeman for the Colts that's gonna go to Will and the Blue Horse Shoes. And we got Ron Mix and that old Charger's logo right there. That's pretty wild. PJ with the Bolts. When are they gonna bring that logo back? Is that a horse? All right, we got Denzel Perriman, another charger for PJ. Justin Hunter, six out of 10. Autograph for Will and the Titans. David Johnson, jersey and autograph. That's pretty cool. Rookie, jersey and auto for Martin and the Cardinals. Bye-bye. Bye, Delice. And the last one here, CJ Anderson for the Denver Broncos. It'll be for PJ. Next box, the next inner, another eight boxes here. I have another eight, the second inner case. We're doing the whole master case here. Another redemption. The redemption is Doriel Green Beckham. I'm sure is a Titan. Yes. Going to Will and Tennessee. And a free top loader. There's Benedict McKinney, Houston, Texans. Are these boxes that have been sitting at Jasper Shelf for a while? No. We specifically were, or distributor had it and they're like, you want some? We're like, yeah. And no, yeah, we actually don't have enough space to hold old product like that. Something that we do not do. Not never, but we try to get things in and move it right back out as quickly as possible.  I'll be like, no. I mean, whatever we have on the side is what we have. Sean with the Cowboys. Troy Brown, Patriots. I'll be for Heath in the past. I got points here. That'll be randomized to one person at the end of the break. Winner takes on the points. There's Randall Cobb, four out of five. Yeah, zero, four out of zero, five. They kind of made that number a little weird. So that's a train whistle. Out of fives and under, that's not like 85, right? No, that's definitely zero, four, zero, five. Aaron with the Green Bay Packers. All aboard the Big Hit Express. Yeah, we don't have like 1990 pro set laying around. There's David Cobb, Jersey and autograph for Will and the Titans. Yeah, for the people that do hold, I can't imagine that football would be something that people hold too often. There's Steve Johnson for the Chargers. That'll be for PJ. But it generally seems like baseball and basketball are the, at least from what I hear, baseball and basketball seem to be the ones that people hold on to the most. Like there'll be people who buy cases and cases of like Bowman Draft, right? In hopes that maybe five, six years later, there's like a perennial All-Star or two, possible future Hall of Famer that comes out of that set. And then the price of those, then the cost per box per case, and that just starts to skyrocket. All right, we got Carlos Williams, rookie Jersey and autograph, Buffalo, Sean. Oh, with Buffalo. We got Josh Shaw, Cincinnati Bengals, that's gonna go to Aaron, Ron Cincinnati. Yep, there you go, yep. Sealed Magic Cards could work out well as well. Deon Buchanan for Martin and the Cardinals. And we've got Lorenzo Taliaferro. I feel like everyone's added him at least once or twice in fantasy football around this time. PJ with the Ravens. We got TJ Yeldon, rookie Jersey and autograph for the Jags. William Rosendahl with the Jaguars. We got Michael Pruitt for Minnesota. That'll be for Patrick with the Vikings. Troy Nicholas, Cardinals, Martin. And we got Michael Campanaro. It'll be for PJ and the Purplebirds. Four more to go. Another redemption and that redempt is gonna be Stefan Diggs, nice rookie Jersey signature series. That's for Patrick and Minnesota. Now, again, it is expired, but I think a card like this, you know, worth reaching out to Panini and being like, so what can we do here? What can we do here? Help me out. Maybe get me his autograph. There's Eric Hendricks, more Vikings for Patrick. More Vikings, Scott Crichton. And another Viking, no, it's Jordan Poyer. Fourth card is a Brown. That's gonna be for Barry Roberts and Cleveland. Cleveland, this is for you. Three bucks to go. Yeah, I would love to see like a book. I would love to see a multi-auto card. Something, is this the book? There it is. Boom, the book. You can tell by the spine of the book right there. Should we save that book to the end? Ah, there you go, thanks Rex. Panini has it on their website to put in the code and it gives you an option to see if they have the card or get you points. Hopefully commensurate to the value of that card. There's another blank card right here. We got Tommy Streeter for the Dolphins. Looks like he was traded. That'll be for Patrick in Miami. We got Devin Funches, rookie jersey and autograph for Daniel and the Panthers. Barkavius Mingo, four out of 10. Cleveland, this is for you. Barry Roberts with the Cleveland Browns. And a Marcus Peters, Kansas City, Sean with the Chiefs. We got Jordan Taylor, autograph for Denver, that's gonna be for PJ. We got Sammy Coates, remember Ben Coates? Steelers, that's gonna be for Anthony. We got Shaq Evans for Karen and the Jets. And we got Nate Orcher. Cleveland, this is for you. Barry with the Browns. See what we got here. We got Brandon Flowers, Chargers, PJ. We got Connor Shaw, Cleveland, this is for you. Barry with the Browns. And who do we got here? It says Signature Series Duel. Duel and they're both Ravens. Max Williams and Brashard Perriman. Nice Brashard Perriman and Max Williams with two Xs. Going to PJ and the Baltimore Ravens. I don't see, looks like it's not numbered. I don't see a number here, but a dual autograph. There you go, everybody, now points. Let's get some points, sub a shot at the points. Holly would remember this break is also part of the promo. So you might still have a shot at the $100 of break credit. All right, now let's grab everyone's names from Martin down to Elliot and let's randomize it. 10 times, four and a six. Name on top gets the points. One, two, three, eight, nine, and 10th and final time. 250 points going to PJ after 10. All right, there you go. There you have it. That was a little blast from the past, 2015. Panini Donner signature series, football, 16 box master case, random team break number three. I'm Joe, I'll see you next time for more football next time. Bye bye.


In this lesson, we're going to talk about syntax for variable annotations. For example, let's say that we want to create a new integer variable. Let's call it, for example, myInt. And if we want to put an annotation of our type of our variable, we will put after our variable colon sign and int, which will tell us that our variable is integer. You can also initialize your variable. Let's make a new variable, myInteger2, and let's say also that our variable will be also integer. And now let's initialize it. So after int, we will add equal sign and some number, for example, number five. So now we have a variable myInt2 that is with integer type and it has initial value of number five. If you want to put an annotation for example list or tuple or some other type, you need to import it from typing module. So you will say from typing import for example list and let's make a list. Let's call it myList and let's say let's give to our myList variable annotation that our list is a list of integers. You can also initialize your list on the same way with putting, for example, few elements inside your list. I give you two simple examples on how to put annotations on your variables for integer and for list of integers. If you want to find out how to put annotations for some other variable types, please check Python's documentation. That's all in this lesson. Thanks for watching. Bye-bye.


Hello, everybody. Good afternoon and welcome to this session. Our session is going to be a panel discussion on achieving five-ninths of VNF reliability in telco-grade OpenStack Cloud. As you all most probably know, that VNFs or virtualized network functions require five-ninths of reliability to be able to deliver the SLA that is required in the telco network. And you most probably also know that achieving five-ninths of VNF reliability on OpenStack-based cloud platform is challenging to set the list. However, look no further. I have here the esteemed panelist representing from four companies who will discuss about those challenges and provide some of the proposed solutions. So without further ado, let us get started. On my left is Kandan Kathirval. He is Lead Principal Technical Architect from AT&T. Sitting next to him is Wayne Walsh. He is SD and NFV Solution Architect from Intel. Next to Wayne is Rima Yontel. She is Senior Solutions Architect from Red Hat. And farthest from me is Fausto Marci. Did I say it right, Fausto? He is Principal Cloud Consultant from Ericsson. We're from the same company, so I get some leverage. And I'm Hasib Akhtar from Ericsson as well. So let me just tell about the format of the program before we get started. First of all, I will give our panelists an opportunity to share their thoughts on achieving five nines of VNF reliability on a telco-grade OpenStack Cloud. And after that, I'll be asking them a few questions, as well as at the same time, we'll be accepting questions from the audience. So if you'd like to utilize your opportunity and ask them questions, please start to think about them. And as soon as you're ready, you can just line up by the microphones on both sides, and we'll try to get you in as soon as possible. So with that, Kandan, if you could please share your thoughts on this topic. So the services exposed by the telcos, they are exposed to millions of users. For example, the phones, what we use today, actually, they're all the services provided by a telco. And behind that particular services, what it used to be is a physical network function. For example, routers and customer edges, all sorts of networking devices, which are primarily physical devices, which is deployed actually in the telco networks. And this is how actually for decades, these ran as physical network functions and mostly supplied by different vendors. And the thing is like it is customized in every aspect of the layer. You can see in this particular chart that physical network functions, like they are built on specific hardware and purpose-built software. So pretty much actually it is tuned for a particular application and the nativity of that particular functionality provided by that particular device. But today, what is happening in the industry? I think you guys have been seeing that in this summit that there's a lot of discussion going on actually to get this all physical network function into a virtual network function. So the one thing is happening is that people are just converting actually all these firewalls, routers and all sorts of networking devices actually into the virtual functions. What they are forgetting is that it's going to run on actually a cloud. For example, it's an OpenStack cloud. And the cloud has its own way of providing a resource and an operational methodology for the workloads which is going to run on the cloud. So it is not exactly the same when the things come from a physical network function to a virtual network function. So from the design, the things need to be considered that the VNF has to really consider that the workload is really going to run actually on the cloud, not on the physical workloads anymore. So that is pretty much a key. And we see in the industry that AT&T is actually poignering in bringing this transformation actually into the industry. And we are actually seeing a lot of challenges that people are just taking the physical function and converting actually into the virtual functions. And it is not meant to or designed to purely run actually on the cloud. So that's what we want to talk about actually in this panel, about what the challenges we see and what we have to see in the industry that has to evolve to really support this functionality in the virtual network function. Can you go to the next slide, please? So one thing actually we've been doing in AT&T is that we've been measuring the availability of this OpenStack cloud. And you guys may have seen that we presented a keynote and in the keynote we talked about how large scale we deployed OpenStack cloud in the AT&T platform. And we measured actually how much OpenStack region is actually providing in terms of the availability because the availability is pretty critical because all the functionalities and services we provide out of this network function is very critical because we don't want the cell phone to go down or we don't want the internet to go down, right? So these are very critical. And therefore the availability of the cloud and the availability of the VNF is very, very critical when it comes to actually providing services. So it is very critical that all the functionalities of the cloud are reliable and also the functionalities which are deployed by the VNF is also highly reliable. So the one thing we see in the industry is that the OpenStack region today meaning that all the NOAA neutron deployed as a region it is about three nines which is three nines is about 8.76 hours of unplanned downtime per year. This does not include any planned downtime. For example, we take for upgrade maintenance and all the stuff. The platform which is the cloud platform is only providing three nines. About this three nines, the VNF has to build their availability, right? So they have to provide like five nines and six nines and above. So that really means that they have to build availability beyond what the platform could really support. So this slide actually shows that VNF is transformed meaning that if a physical firewall is actually a one physical box and it is transformed actually into a single VM in the cloud and they would not reach two five nines because they will be less than three nines. You can see on the bottom of the chart there is a number that shows that how the deployment model of the VNF and how much they can reach in terms of the availability. So what we see is that like if a VNF is actually deployed as a single VM or even a multiple VM actually within a single OpenStack region it's about like three nines of the availability which is about like 8.7 hours time per year, right? Then if there are two instance of OpenStack within the same data center then we could actually have the VNF split across the two regions that would definitely will increase availability to a four nines because you have two instance of OpenStack region and the VMs are split across multiple servers so the failures are accounted actually in terms of like if there is a physical server failure. So it would reach about like four nines. So the true VNF that what we call is actually Cloud Awareness Aware VNF is that the VNF has to be minimum in two location and at least you know like two to four location that is pretty much the key. The reason is that why it is two to four location actually because that's when actually it will really reach a five nines of availability by giving the platform is it's only the three nines. So this is what actually we are learning through the industry and what we are actually experiencing actually and there were a lot of discussions people who had talked about this and it's pretty much that you know community has to not only concentrate on many projects and many functionality but also has to you know consider that availability and stability of the platform and the OpenStack is very very critical. Next slide please. So we think from AT&T perspective that these are the key functionalities or areas that community and we are willing to work with the community to enhance with respect to the OpenStack for example Hitlers upgrade this is a one key area it is really needed actually to reduce the overall downtime to actually upgrade the OpenStack from one version to another version and then policy driven live and offline migration this is also very much important given that you know like the VNFs are trying to achieve like high availability also the high performance they are trying to use like SRIOV huge pages, CPU pinning that means that they are pretty much locked down actually in a physical server right until the VNFs are truly became you know like highly available across multiple locations it is very much needed that platform has to support this live and offline migration so there is already a functionality but this has to be enhanced to support SRIOV, CPU pinning and huge pages these sort of like new technologies which are used by the VNF to increase the performance of that particular VNF and also the OpenStack you know like has to adopt that multi location awareness this is very much needed because we expect the VNF has to be deployed in multiple locations but the fact is that you know like in order to deploy multiple locations the cloud has to support to allow the VNF to deploy in multiple locations so that is very much a key so that is why we like to see that multi location awareness and workload placement in the OpenStack Rally testing framework so OpenStack Rally is really awesome and it has a lot of you know like test cases could be used and we actually use like in testing the scale testing and performance testing so there are two key areas missing actually in the OpenStack Rally for example resiliency testing if an OpenStack controller one of the controller goes down like how do I stimulate it and test it before it happens actually in the production when something fails like how does that will react in the production so that has to be enhanced in the OpenStack Rally and also the other thing is like we expect I've been actually on multiple you know sessions and the one thing I see that is like people are expecting that the OSS-BSS especially the monitoring aspect of it is really outside the OpenStack I think the one thing has to happen is like anything from a healing aspect like for example if the OpenStack is deployed in the three controllers and if one controller goes down there need to be a way of actually auto healing itself to became you know like three controllers so these are the areas we really see that enhancement has to be happening but it doesn't mean that it's only all OpenStack but also actually we like to see that VNF has to evolve and especially that the VNF has to be both locally and globally the way I was showing on the slide to truly achieve the finines and above it has to be deployed in multiple locations so it is very much the key and that's what we're saying that you know like it's not just the requirement and recommendation to the OpenStack but also actually to the VNF and also the key factor is that VNF has to use the functionalities exposed by the OpenStack for example you know like OpenStack you can actually use anti-affinity rule in pushing the VM into a multiple server so that you know like you have to use all the servers so that is pretty much a key so it is not just actually exposing the functionality out of the OpenStack and having the APIs exposed but also actually that VNF has to be using it then only you know like they will achieve the high availability thank you so the next file is kind of a double click down into the data center or the cloud paradigm that Candem was describing and what we're looking at here in the highlighted section is the platform in that context and in this context we're talking about the compute, the network, the storage but also the OS and the hypervisor and to reach the reliability that Candem was talking to the cloud and the infrastructure needs to be more intelligent and needs to understand and correlate the physical and the virtual aspects of that cloud at Intel we're looking at platform service assurance being an essential part of giving that intelligence to the cloud and to the data center so when we talk about platform service assurance we kind of talk about it in three main terms provisioning monitoring and telemetry and then action and from a provisioning perspective most people jump to enhance platform awareness and using the intelligence of the infrastructure to place the VNF in the most adequate location but what we also need to think about at that time is is that location giving me the correct information I need to ensure the service can be provided and can be provided over the life cycle of the VNF and the function it's supplying and then we look at monitoring and telemetry what in the infrastructure do I need if I'm going to use an accelerator if I'm going to use a specific CPU or NIC what information do I need off that infrastructure that tells me I'm hitting my SLA or if I am going to have a service degradation so within monitoring what we're looking to do is get an open set of APIs both northbound towards the VNF and towards the element management system and east-west towards the VIM so we have a common data set and a common understanding that when the VIM is reporting infrastructure and other service degradation and faults and the VNF is reporting through its element management system that there is a way to correlate both the physical and the virtual elements into a common fault and that we don't have alarms all over the system and then from an alerting perspective or an action perspective do we push everything up northbound and into the manual layer and let that make the decisions what do we have to fail fast if we have migrated a VNF or if we're seeing service degradation can we do more intelligence lower down like thresholding so if we're seeing issues within DPDK or an SRIOV interface or if we're seeing common error failures in DRAM can we make intelligent decisions at the platform level quickly rather than having to push everything up into a decision making process and then move it where we'll have to make a decision before we've taken action so if we move to the next file so some of the things we're looking to do is as I already spoke about an open API so we have a set of data a bus that everything can subscribe to and also then how do we automate that provisioning and that monitoring through the salameter, the heat ironics and within EPA and the enhanced platform awareness so when we're placing that VNF we have that monitoring telemetry baked into our thinking at day zero not day zero plus n and then the again the novice scheduler so that we're thinking of that the whole way through the process right so to further build upon the points that come down and made in some cases the provider services for instance mobile user consuming content on his device or making a call or an enterprise connecting remote branches with the main office using layer 3 VPNs these types of services are not confined to one VNF or one site or one open stack region they often spend multiple VNFs possibly service chain together through the different geographic locations through the different open stack regions and you want the service to stay reliable and always on regardless of possible failures in some hardware or in portions of the platform so the end goal is that reliable always on service enabled by the platform that has end to end type of monitoring and full detection and alarming and is able to take actions to provide the self healing service end to end this is sort of if you will a nirvana for service providers right without any intervention your service works even though you have individual hardware failures or software failures so how do we achieve a service like this you know when you have a fairly unreliable cloud infrastructure underneath so without having to over build everything well if you look at the MANO stack you will see service orchestration and network orchestration so these two components need to be able to make service decisions dynamically by not only at the point of deploying the service but through the life cycle of that service so when there are dynamic changes in the network and your platform you react to them dynamically as well how do they achieve it well they get that data and the information that they make decisions on from things like service assurance and analytics part of the MANO stack those in turn get their data that they make decisions on from the interfaces they have to the VIM to network controllers and possibly to even the cloud aware applications once you know they introduce to this environment so you gather the information and you correlate it from the hardware on the individual compute nodes things that Owen pointed out that the aware of you know possible hardware failures or just degradation in service of a particular node and they correlate it up to the hypervisor and further up to the instances that are only on that hypervisor meaning the VNFs or the VNF components but then you take it a step further and you correlate it to the service itself where you have different compute nodes across different sites and across different regions so basically you tag your service touches as one thing that you're looking at and you look at the health of the whole service as opposed to the just health of individual component so you know when something fails whether it's important and you need to migrate or to take action or whether it's something that can be taken care of later or just completely ignored the ways they do it in say Google or Facebook data centers you know just to make sure that you have that sort of end-to-end service view you can make your decisions and you can treat your service as one correlated event if you will and basically this way you can ensure that the end-to-end SLA is met without having to worry about meeting an SLA on each individual component or even thinking of individual components as something that is important so next slide please so but to be able to do that and that's something that right now OpenStack is working on through projects like Cilometer and Manasca and few others things that allow you to collect monitoring data reporting full detection alarming but you need to be able to bring them all together across different regions geographic locations into one pane of glass so you need tools to measure monitor and report end-to-end from the customer you know if you're talking about the call from the person who makes the call to the person who makes out the call and make sure that it all is visible to the service provider thank you so linking to the following up one of the previous point on smart workload management it's important to take in consideration that the services availability it's a fundamental part to achieve 59 reliability so on this pane we are going to show a basic workflow where we are going to take in consideration compute node HA on a local which mean within the same data center or global on multiple data center so this will be a general overview so basically the prerequisite in local environment is that the compute nodes needs to have a shared storage and also excuse me also in the disaster workflow it is important that the detection of the disaster itself this can be done by monitoring hardware the compute nodes and the hypervisors so once the the disaster is detected is it possible to evacuate the compute nodes so evacuate all the cloud which is more likely to be the virtual machine with all the related metadata to another compute nodes at that point the users can connect to their services to the other compute node and the service itself provided by the compute node it's available keeps being available one of the risks of this strategy is the fencing because if in the meantime we didn't fence the the compute node that failed we can say bye-bye to the 5.9 reliability so on the next slide we can we use this we show a similar workflow for compute node HA in multiple data center where it's quite similar the difference is that in the operational workflow we need to know beforehand the floating IP managed by the compute node itself needs to be managed and announced with the routing protocol which can be OSPF or BGP or SPF it's better if there is an internal link between the data center at BGP it's better if there is if the link it's through the internet so in the disaster workflow basically when the disaster is recovered basically with the same principle described before the compute node the compute node is evacuated by the compute nodes in the other data center and basically the floating IPs to the new VMs needs to be re-announced with the related routing protocols because otherwise there will be no routing available to reach the services provided by the compute nodes so this is a fundamental part and therefore the floating IP are announced by BGP and OSPF so the users can connect again and all the traffic is redirected from the old data center to the new data center which is a nice thing by having multiple data center we avoid the fact of concentrating the workload of the failure data center to only one other data center so we can spread the load and the service will be better the risks of this is that if we do not fence the compute node or the network or the data center when the service will come up bye bye to the 5 nines next slides please so we need tooling to solve this and something that is being done in OpenStack and we need to do more and we need everybody to provide feedback and insight and sharing knowledge on this and this basically is it thanks thank you all if you have any questions please come by the microphone and ask the panelists and while you are thinking about your questions let me ask them my question so what changes do you like to see to make the VNFs more cloud aware start with Kandan so it goes back to my presentation it's really come down to the mantra of two things the VNF achieving high availability from the design so that is very important factor it is not that while deployment you think about high reliability or availability but from the design you have to think about high reliability and availability that's one key item the second item is actually the platform has to be highly reliable and available and it is very important that in the open stack the features and functionality what we are listing down actually this has to be incorporated actually into the open stack so that the platform can actually support high availability for the VNFs which are going to run I suppose from an infrastructure point of view coming at it from a vendor a silicon vendor perspective our role is to make sure that the cloud is more intelligent in any place they can take advantage of everything that it's supposed to and that the correct information is being fed forward so the service can be made more available I think that's an orbit well if you look at the workloads themselves the telco applications right now very stateful so one of the things that can be changed is to look at them and see how they can be made stateless so they are not as dependent on being up all the time so you can lose an instance of the applications without losing the application itself so if you see the environments of huge environment basically they are it's where the biggest challenges are addressed and the biggest problem are solved and really the technology move forward it's not uncommon to see that in big environments highly scalable environments you can find multiple open stack distribution being part of the same let's say cloud platform or the same company asset it is truly important that the vendors of open stack distribution make all their efforts to work together to provide and achieve a common framework of to achieve like a 5-9 reliability rather than each one pushing or providing his own proper solution that it's probably little it can be integrated very little with the others so I think the next challenge it's really to work together and to provide to the community a common framework to add this by being a little bit more open rather than going on its own solution vendor driven ok thanks thanks everybody so we have some questions from the audience we'll take this one from first I think one comment if I understand correctly is when you do the service assurance you look at the service level rather than looking to the individual component the question is how you address at the component level you have you're building some HA they say if you have some of the component fail but it still doesn't impact your service you don't want to wait until like all the component fail then you will address that so how you balance look at the service level and also more proactively look at the component level it is very good question so when it comes to the service availability there's going to be multiple components with respect to it for example there could be hundreds of VM which is making actually services usually in Telco world if you see that it may be ten thousands of VM services in the service and maybe not all VMs and VM apps are actually on the critical path in providing that particular service and those VMs could be addressed not five nines maybe it's less than five nines like four nines or three nines but VMs and VM apps which are has to be supporting the services which has to be highly available and that has to be built from the design and deployed in such a way that the way I was showing the data center to really achieve that high availability so it is not a single answer for all the VM apps and VMs but it really goes by that particular service and application like how has to be deployed so when the service is being model so they had to look at actually all the aspect of the components going in the service then try to see how to balance actually that which VMF is really needed higher availability to achieve that particular services which is going to be offered to internal or external customer you want to add? Sure I also think that they're sort of independent you want to make sure your platform is working because you want to run services and then you want to make sure your service is running so you have a view of your service and you look at the individual components of the service and you see which ones might be in potential trouble but that trouble is determined by the state of your platform so if your service and the individual components of the service each application are able to maintain their availability flexibly so it's not only like one VM performing a particular task but multiple VMs that can take over each other so if one of them goes away it's not detrimental to the service itself that's how you're assured on the VM level but then on the platform level being able to like migrate all the whole host if you see that one of your hosts for instance is about to fail so being able to proactively react to different events on the service level and on the platform level and also correlate them between each other so if you see you need to migrate a particular host the notification goes out that the VMs that are running on this host might be going away for a little while so don't schedule a task on those VMs because you have other VMs that are doing the same functionality and they can take care of those tasks right now so it's a cooperative effort between all the different components okay thanks okay the next question sorry I see there is a very to provide also an answer to the previous question it is also important to understand that even if the all the toolings are available there for detection and correction and so on it's more likely it's not likely to happen that we will are going to have completely self healing and self resilient services and code and so on if that will be the case I bet that at least 70% of the people that are here wouldn't be here probably in the first place but it's important to have also an operational managing operations and I really mean it in an operational way and that is a part that we are not going to escape from the real world really go ahead please question here to the panel how relevant is this finite really in the community of service providers we hear different things if I go to China mobile they will say who the hell cares about it 49 is enough for me if you go to google they say forget it we don't need all that so services coming up and desegregation occurring in the gateways and all that what do you see the relevance of this and why do you think that service students is so important it is very important that when I take my cell phone and call 9-1-1 I expect it's supposed to work right so it's really it's really a depend upon what services are actually provided by this VNF right so it varies from companies to companies right so if they offer a particular service I would say that okay I'm going to satisfy this particular level of service assurance and they have to stick to their numbers so depending upon what services these are actually so depending upon that a specific availability numbers goes on but what we see actually in the telco world is like especially in U.S. that most of the services offered out of the telcos are actually need to be highly reliable and the VNFs themselves has to be more than finance to support those services and you talked about the micro-services actually it's a good point it is one of the enablers actually to achieve there's actually the separation of functionalities of a VNF in the multiple VMs because we have seen that usually people are actually converting actually a physical firewall or actually a customer edge router as actually a single VM and these micro-services would actually allow to split the functionality on multiple VMs so that you know like you don't have them failing down and you know creating an outage to the application and it is a good question hopefully it answered your question. I suppose just to hit the question in a slightly different way if we look at the move towards virtual functions on to infrastructure if we mimicked the way we did it of old we would just do a single VNF instance on one piece of hardware and not do multi-tenancy and then we start to lose the TCO model we've all been working on over the last few years as to why we're moving here so we can now land multiple services on a single infrastructure and to get away from the 5.9 nomenclature and more talk about the assurance speak as you mentioned is how can I assure that service when I have several services on the same infrastructure and that's back to I think what everyone has mentioned here is being able to identify the utilization by each virtual function on the infrastructure and being able to tell if something is taking its unfair share of that infrastructure so if we use a basic CPE model where we're delivering services to an enterprise if I'm delivering a firewall on a router surface on the same function and they're both using different areas of cash and someone is being disruptive who am I migrating all of it so it's back to I think what we're doing is that service assurance level underpinning the 5.9's reliability and I think it was a really good question to that end can I go to the next question first let's please go ahead thank you so my question is more of a tactical question it seems that sometimes we can be in a race condition of they can always be enhancements to reliability but until like would that get us from deploying perhaps not what would be the best strategy to address the availability question in the interim was it would it be to push the application developers to expect failures in the infrastructure or is it to rely on partners to develop custom code or glue if you will around the open stack components well not to say anything bad about people who develop intelco applications and some of them are sitting on this panel well I guess Ericsson but right now it's more realistic that the platform is going to be made more reliable to accommodate the pet applications that are running on it but our hope at Red Hat for instance is that we can work together with the application developers with the you know telco services developers in changing their mindset and how they approach the applications so they can be platform aware so they can be self healing and it's much easier to later on pull off and make the platform less reliable then you know if the applications don't meet that expectations of being cloud aware then you know building up your platform to make it you know put crutches under it if you will it's more reliable so right now yes we're working on creating HA for instances for compute nodes for controllers for everything because we want the platform to be as reliable as we can make it next question please thank you Scott Fulton from thenewstack.io VNFs require 5 nines of reliability do the contributions that you expect to make to open stack and you and your organizations will those contributions make 5 nines available to everyone in open stack or do you foresee that there will be classes or categories of users from with telcos being on the 5 nines and then a group on the 4 nines and a group on the 3s who will use a different platform and who expect less from it it is a very good question so whatever it is getting contributed actually from the telco community back into the open stack it is for all open stack is for all so the fact is that once the functionality is actually in the platform for example resiliency feature is actually in the platform then it is up to the user it's up to the deployment person to decide like how to use it so there could be hundreds of api or there could be thousands of api it doesn't mean that all thousand api has to be used by all or it's applicable to it they will actually make use of it so the intention of the telco world is to really have all this nice cool features introduced actually into the platform so irrespective of who the user is so you got a stable platform then depending upon how do you use it what is the enterprise to decide like how they want to use it I just wanted to agree with Kander and thank him for that because at redhead that's our philosophy we don't want to fork open stack one is for enterprises one is for carriers one is for somebody who wants to play around with it no we want to have all the features in it all the resiliency availability everything and then it's up to you no well that's all the time we have one more question ok go ahead until I am told to live go ahead so in the telco world normally a VNF is not just an application that you can spin up with an api call let's say if you spin up a router or firewall you configure that specific to your end customer like you need to configure the firewall rules or VRFs so if the VM goes down and you want five lines of availability you can't just spin up another instance of a VM somewhere and expect it to work because you need to copy the exact same configs to the new VM so that means you need to do regular backups and you need to keep the history of all the services somewhere so where in this architecture would you do that it is a very good question so usually the VNFs depending upon how it is deployed so the way I was showing in the slide is that you pre-deploy in five locations for example or three locations depending upon how much availability is needed so that is how the availability has to be achieved so the part is whether you deploy during the disaster or you deploy in a pre-deploy most of the condition actually it is pre-deployed because you don't want to have time taken because to create itself it would take some time and it may be like two minutes, three minutes and three minutes would impact that five lines availability or six lines availability so the fact is that it is not just the VM and we say actually have the VNF provision it is not just by creating the VM but also you have to provision the code inside it for example attacker is a nice project actually coming in the open stack program is that to actually not only create the VM you can actually go and provision the VM with respect to the codes and configuration needed actually in the VM so it is really the orchestration and the platform and overall service working together actually to create that holistic service which is going to be provided out of that VNF yes good question I think they are two different problems problems quite related the thing is that in open stack we need to have an architectural driven approach segmented where we segment the problems that are related to the others and we provide solution to address that segment and in my example I was mentioning the evacuation so the evacuation assuming you have shuttered storage you are okay and that address that specific case the backup is needed absolutely yes that's one of the main part but we try to have architectural driven segmented approach to address specific issues otherwise become really difficult thank you okay I think that's all the time we had thank you very much I appreciate the panelists time and participation and thank you all for listening as well thanks


Greetings, everyone. It's time to talk about punishment. Yes, there we go. Okay. So the first thing we're going to talk about is decreasing behavior with punishment, right? So punishment is not really the opposite of reinforcement, but you have a functionally in opposite in terms of how it looks on behavior. So it's the decreasing of a behavior by contingent application of a stimulus. Of course, we're talking about positive punishment there, right? So we'll talk about that in a second. So my definition is a little bit off. That definition is more appropriate for positive punishment. Again, so punishment is just the decreasing of a behavior with a contingent application or removal of a stimulus. So that captures both of them. This is where it gets a little weird. Most people think that punishment requires an aversive stimulus or aversive something you don't enjoy, a spanking, a cold shower or soap in your mouth or whatever it may be.  But it doesn't have to be. Sometimes in odd situations, something nice, something friendly can be a punishment, right? So we often call that patronizing. It's like, oh, you're patronizing me. But again, it doesn't have to be an aversive stimulus. It's just commonly thought of as an aversive stimulus. Really, punishment is suppression. Extinction is about getting rid of a behavior, right? So that reduces it to near zero. But punishment suppresses the behavior. So it sticks around as long as the punisher, the person doing the punishment sticks around. So it's very context specific. So you learn that it's okay to do something in one context and not in another. A classic example, this is my buddy's dog. He was getting on the couch all the time. Everybody lives by himself. And he's got a wonderful, I think it's a golden retriever. Anyway, the dog was getting on the couch while he was at work and he'd come home and the couch would be all hairy and blah, blah, blah. And so he went to his vet and he asked the vet, why? You know, what can I do to get the dog to not be on the couch? And the vet looked at him very simply and said, Do you mean why you're not there? And the point is simple. It's like, well, he can get you can train the dog not to be on the couch while you're not there. No problem. You just got to punish it a little bit maybe, right? For getting on the couch. But that's not going to do a damn thing to the dog when the dog is not, when the owner is not home. So kids, it's the same type of thing. They'll learn that one behavior is going to get punished in the context of one particular person, but it won't generalize. It won't go to new situations. So it's a very sensitive context. Again, we have to focus on that immediate effect. You know, if we don't see the change in behavior as a result of what we thought was a punisher, then it wasn't punishment. So if I spank a kid for a particular behavior, and that behavior does not decrease, then it was not punishment. It's that simple types of punishers, two different types, just like what we have with reinforcement, we've got positive punishment. So pain inducing. So positive punishment, when we're talking is what we're talking about here is adding a stimulus following a behavior to reduce that behavior. So the stimuli that induce pain are going to be your unconditional punishers. Those typically work quite well. So getting punched, getting spanked, getting shocked, getting the working to shock our children or anything like that. But you get the idea. Reprimands, though, are conditioned punishers. You had to learn that those things are punishers. So the word no, that can be a punisher, but it's usually because it was paired with something else, paired with pain in the past. So when a parent says no, and then the child then immediately touches the hot stove, they learn right quickly that the word no is something bad. So again, a reprimand, a verbal reprimand or something like that, or a visual reprimand is a conditioned punisher. It's not something you automatically respond to. You have to learn to respond to that one. Negative punishment, and this is often thought of as response cost. This is where the loss of a stimulus will decrease a behavior. So a response is going to cost you something. That's the easy way to think of it. A response leads to the loss of something. This is most simply like a fine, excuse me, a traffic ticket. That traffic ticket by itself is not generally anything. It's a rather neutral stimulus, but it's not neutral the moment you pay the fine, or the moment you pay the increased insurance premiums for getting a ticket. So that loss of money is a negative punisher. Timeout is another example of negative punishment, and it only works if you do what's in parentheses. Timeout from reinforcement. That's the real definition of timeout, by the way, is that timeout is a short, not the definition, that's the real title for timeout. Timeout, as we typically say, is a very short version of the real definition, which is timeout from reinforcement.  So losing access to reinforcers is a negative punisher, and that's what timeout is all about. You put somebody in a little room or something like that, or you remove them from the context, and they're losing access to reinforcers. We have two different types of timeout. I'm just going to brush over these really fast, because we're going to cover them heavily later on. So it's an exclusionary timeout, we're removing the person for a short time, and I put a bland environment here. The reason being is you don't want anything in that environment to be potentially reinforcing at all. And I've got some fun stories to tell you about what some teachers thought was bland and didn't work so well, because they were trying to use timeout and they just didn't work, and they couldn't figure out why, and it ultimately ended up being that the environment in itself could produce some reinforcers. So the other one, non-exclusionary. So using the stimulus to indicate that a certain reinforcement source is not available, this is, again, we'll go into more depth here, but basically it's signaling, if you've got a kid in the classroom, this would signal to the stimulus, it would signal to the teacher that the child X is not going to get any attention for the next three minutes, or something like that. So it's not exclusionary. You're not removing them from the context, you're leaving them in the context, but you're not giving them the particular reinforcers for that particular time. And it's contingent upon a behavior, so that's what makes it punishment.


There you go, Thunderjaw! Thunderjaw wreck! I'm out, I'm out, I'm out, I'm out, I'm out, bye! Bye! See ya later! Good luck with the Thunderjaw! Hello everyone and welcome to another episode of Horizon! Forbidden West Yes, remember the title this time I always call Horizon Zero Dawn Forbidden West But it's not, it's the first one! So what we're doing here We're just gonna quickly go grab a Charger Hopefully the other ones don't see me Oh, they did! But that's fine Cause I'm doing this at the moment Woohoo! Alright, see you guys later, bye bye! Right, okay, so actually I noticed this Unknown Leap Lasher So I'm assuming this is some sort of kangaroo? I'm thinking? Yep So I kinda actually want to go towards the kangaroo So Let's go towards the kangaroo And it's kind of on the way To where else we want to go as well Um, so Ooh, I can gather a medicinal Override tool recharging Oh, oh yeah, that's right Can't do it too many times, kinda Let me just grab some bridge wood Alright, I've never seen these things before So this should be interesting Come on Nin Come on, this game's so orange Every time I go to edit it I'm like Should it be that orange? Oh look at it! Oh, it's so cute! Oh no Does it not like me? Yeah, it definitely doesn't like me Uh, level 13 Leap Lasher New entry, weak to wind or water And strong against electric Oh god, it's coming Don't do anything But I could do something to you I'm gonna shoot the blaze on your back Or not, never mind I didn't do anything Attack charger! Not, you know, whatever You're still not attacking There we go!  Alright, I don't have any water Oh Jesus Almost stunned Not so good, right, you're almost dead Bad kangaroo Oh, look at the horse Go for it, sweet Oh, that's it, that's it I think Yeah! Kangaroo jack for dinner Wait, where did the other one go? Did he hit? Yes Alright, well, we'll probably need something To do with that eventually Oh, a repair pod They must have other things on them Right, well, I don't really need to Worry about you Oh, look, we've got even close Anything else kind of on the way, mate? Oh, we'll go to a repair bench We'll see if we can upgrade any weapons I kinda want more I want more!  No, no, no It has to be killed Wait, what did I do? Did I just sit at the bonfire? Oh Right, so if I don't want to be day I could do that. Oh, that's kind of cool Okay, quick save Out of business And that's my stash And then this should Be able to use I got some more Some more outfits, didn't I? I don't know what I got Norahuntress Karja, that was it That's what I got Osheram, a can upgrade What's Karja good? And shock resistance Hmm It's very windy in here What am I wearing again? Am I wearing I think I'm wearing this one Am I wearing this one? Right, that's a No, I'm wearing Norahuntress, I think Yes, I am I'm wearing this one, but I need Green Shine Silver In order to upgrade that trap crafting I mean, I can make more traps I guess, let's make a couple of these Blast ones Heck, yeah I can make three, sweet A pouch upgrade A tripwire pouch So I can hold six now I got a Jay Wishbone, sweet Special gear Okay, well I think I'm good for now I think it's over here, isn't it? Okay, alright I don't want to repair damage So this is another Rebel Outpost Oh my god, what is that? They've got Thunderjaw Thunderjaw sight? No, is it actually Is it actually I bet I'd die instantly If I took that one It's a popular kind of one, so if I could take that Thunderjaw now Be so good Oh god, there it is Should we try?  Unidentified signal Okay, so Also, I should probably I think if I do this, yeah That's them all, that's good They've also got a fox on their team Oh, that's just not on And there's one dude over there Really far away Although I can't seem to get him And what's this? I don't know what that is either So we have the Charger Does the guy have armor on? Oh it does Hmm I'm thinking the best way to take this guy on Is honestly an explosion It is always The best idea Oh look at that Thunderjaw in the distance man Hell no, I'm not taking that on I'd run Okay, has anybody else got Right, he doesn't have a helmet on That's good, I could probably take him out Man, I wish I could get a better bow Okay, okay What if I annoyed the Thunderjaw And then brought it in here Would they all attack each other, do you think? You think so I think he might I think he might run over here and help me out with this I mean, he won't kill me obviously But I don't want to underestimate the power of a Thunderjaw Because wow, they can be absolutely deadly Right, well with that being said I have got Making traps quicker, yeah Look how quick that was, sweet Sweet, sweet, kind of tempted now just to like OP Nah, it's too far away It was worth a shot So wait, is there explosive barrels? Just old barrels Wait, what was that?  Okay, he's coming We got a wild Oh, what, this guy Who's just about to be blown up by a bomb Hold on No, no, no, no, no Oh, I didn't mean to do that I meant to throw a rock No, no, no, no, what are you doing? What are you doing? What are you doing?  Hey, what was that?  Oh, he's got rage I'm going to get over here in case this bomb explodes Fossil, I'm sorry That wasn't meant for him, but good news is I can easily kill him now because he's lost his helmet Although this charger, however I kind of want to throw one You know what it is I think I, you know what it is I think I can take them on, man I think I can take them on Yep, there we go Yep, that's one dead The charge is like what the hell just happened And now all I need to do is just expose myself The charge will run over, explode Okay, we got another dude who, uh who has no helmet And then we got the main boss who's hobbling along, who also has no helmet Right, okay I think I could get this guy Oh no, they're moving now, no, no, no We've got to be careful We've got to be careful Goat, be my ally Alright, okay, this guy is far away, yeah, yeah, yeah You're going to stay still?     Yeah Sweet Let's take the corruptor metal shards and all the body stuff Right, this was the big dude More corruptors? I kind of want to get the stuff where I was Oh god, look at all this Yes, trees This game's all about saving the world, but then again it's not Oh yeah, I haven't had my dude Poor rebel charger I didn't stand a chance, and rider And, I don't even know Oh, that was all his armor coming off Paxful Send it to the thing Hey look, they're allies I think you can get away I didn't think so It's so horrible But I get such good resources for it Alright, more keys I like a good key Oh wait, that was the optional?    Bring a gun How many shots? Wow Okay Apparently something hurt me When I did that Is there somebody left? The weird signal Wait a minute What if I did that? What is that?  You look like an Osheram What are you attacking Osheram? Right? What are you guys doing? Are you hunting the Thunderjure? Oh my god, yes, help me hunt the Thunderjure I'll shoot it first There you go Thunderjure I'm out of ammo Bye See you later Good luck with the Thunderjure Jesus Christ Please don't I have nothing Okay, well there you go That shows the level we're at now Thunderjure, we really cannot take it on Anyway, where were we? That's right Let's get to the quest, shall we? Interesting Okay I'm assuming I have to swim here This is very interesting Is there anything in the water? They are swimming, look at us go Little otters, little burrowers But I need to get over that way Okay So, I guess we just swim Although I do want this Whatever this is Deep kindle weird oil Oh my god, there's so much What do you mean explore later? I want this now Heck yeah Give me more oil I need more rare resources I need to like make my pouch better Alright, okay, to the surface it is then Oh wow, I think I was Deeper down than I thought I was I just got to watch out for the burrowers Because they can swim Better than me I think Or at least I can't fight in the water So, that's reason enough To avoid them Is this way right? Big titany thing Ooh A computer Just click on the computer Yep I don't know, I guess we'll find out We must search Is there anything?  Oh Couldn't just wait He does Oh, we need to follow the orb do we? Follow the yellow brick orb Oh, it's that way, okay I don't think I have anything to level up So we may as well just follow it Ooh, let's keep going We're going into the titan It's this way Ooh, look, that's the...  You want to go this way? Are we wanting to follow... I thought we were following the signal The signal is this way I thought, did I not Unless there's something on the... No, it's this way, yeah I'm following it this way I'm sure, right? No? The game wants me to go this way? Death's door, follow the orb trail Is it just the groove in the ground, I'm assuming I was only joking I didn't think this was actually it I couldn't just let me do the same thing and destroy it Oh, well Is that a glintalk? It's a frost glintalk There's a... scrapper I feel there's something else to the right that I'm hearing No? No, we're good Okay, okay, okay So we got these guys Oh god, there's even more Sweet Bad glintalk I'm not doing anything, I swear I hate glintalks Let's go Oh, look That's the... and that's the rare resource I need Yeah, you continue to eat Ignore me Though I do want this Yes I can't remember what I needed that for Something needed it though, follow the orb I think it's this way Oh Where to find it, obviously Oh Oh, that charges That's fine, that's fine Okay Hello, good sir Hello I'm in a hurry, can't stop I can get you stocked up for the while I'm good I am going the right way, right? Yeah, I feel like I am Oh, it goes all the way into a tunnel Into a cabin More dead corrupt Fox! Jesus Christ Well, that's very dead, isn't it? What can I say? Aloy just likes to murder innocent creatures Then skin them alive And then add them to a like Extra pouches and stuff All the lovely good stuff Oh, this one's rare Oh, lots of good things Okay, hold on, I was wanting something I've seen so many work benches Come on, use the work bench Trap crafter I can make electro traps now I think it was... Do I want to save this? More resistance to acid Or I could just start with this one And get some fire and melee resistance I think I'm okay, I don't know what it was That I saw that could be upgraded But we'll leave it for now And we'll just go in here Oh, the light just went out Oh god, it's very dark And then he killed it Oh Did he get in? Scan me please I'll step in the scan Okay, fine Let's take a look at the orb God, we'll scan the orb Quantum processor module With rewired... Okay, but like... Examine Hades, there we go Oh, maybe We're in Hades head I assume Ooh, that's me! Ha ha ha ha I'm assuming there's some of the threat to this world That guys back up and resetting gets rid of it Yeah, what did silence do?    And luck? The door is completely messed up Obviously But despite the malfunction, you can still get through If you'll be patient for a while longer See those crystals there The Azeron call them fire gleam They're combustible Not nearly powerful enough to blast through a door like that But maybe just enough to jolt it open a bit more Exactly It will only work with an igniter I'm sending you the schematics now To build it You'll need some machine parts and the oil from a kindle weed plant That only grows underwater But you should be able to find some of the nearby lake Oh, okay The parts are more complicated You'll need a spark coil from within a leap lashes power cell Remove the power cell before you kill the machine Or else it'll break Got it Remove the power cell before Oh, it's a good job, they're right here Fox! Fox! Yeah, there we go Okay, this is interesting Right, so we've already got the Weedy stuff, which is what I thought But we need the power cell Right So which bit power cell quest Right Power cell though I need to get closer Right, you Acid cargo power cell It's on the back, okay Right, so I need to Oh, let's get close We're close Yes! So the power cell is on the back of them Just want to double check that Yep, yep Right there, okay, okay Here we go Three Save! That's all I wanted Just want the power cell Thank you Right, let's go Right, wait, how do we build No, well, who cares Let's just get back in Whoop Fox!  Oh, look Circle tap circle without touching either stick to jump backwards Okay Oh, thank God Oh, it was touching over there Right, berries Can't jump on any of that But there is this however Right, something tells me I actually wanted to go to the other side, which is great Fantastic How do I get by Oh, I think I could just swim, actually Time to let go, Eloy Wee Oh, God, okay, that was deceiving I thought it was way deeper Right, so I want to go left Let's try left this time One, or two, or three No, that was it, you had it right I mean All right Now, how do we do this Okay, we don't want to go that way Then we have to go around the other way Okay Good, good Oh, that worked, oh, thank God I was so worried Did I just click X while I jump on? Yes Get in, okay, we can kick down this ladder Not that we'll need it All right, okay Can we pry this? No? It goes even higher Oh, okay, good, good, good Okay, so if I, right, let's do this I want to go higher this time No, no, you were doing the right You were going the right way, Eloy There you go There you go, okay, now we can jump backwards I think Yeah, we definitely want to be up here Okay, I go as high as we can And Circle, jump backwards Oh, thank you Oh, the blood going Right I'm the highest bit I can be How do I get to the other side though? There it is It was above it Street I'll take that Put it Put it into here It's going to be one of these things where I have to carry this battery cell with me the whole time, isn't it? Don't do that Don't do that, please game Don't be like, okay, I have to put that battery in then to get that battery out Oh God, it's bright in here Oh, God, it is as well Okay Ooh, more watches Right Okay, I guess we grapple Because we need I don't know if I can scan that No, I can't, okay So Ha Come on, pull it Pull it, and then I go Nope, nope, that didn't work No, no, don't do that Oh, yes Okay Can I not just push it? I can grab it, grab crate Push it Oh, that's working Okay, and down it goes Sweet Is this where I want to be? I don't think so This is outside But there has to be a reason That I would do this Oh I knew it I knew that's what this game was going to pull, man I knew it Right, okay So I'm assuming I need to Hold on Grab this Come on, come over here Grab crate, push crate Yes Release crate, jump on crate To jump on this Yes, and then Blow a hole in the wall And then step back, or else we die That'll do Now we can take the power set Right, okie dokie I knew it, I knew it was going to be one of these I knew it Now I can fall down Alright, let's see what this one is Shall we? I've had power all these years Oh Oh, he's Hades What are you guys doing? This is a signature This isn't a prank, Travis I know, I know All I did was just script a couple of avatars A little you, a little me To deliver our Message of doom Real personal lack Would you just send it? As soon as it's done compiling Then you and me should celebrate I brought party fixings Pizza rolls, absins A couple of hacky sacks I'm heading back to Bryce As soon as this is done You can found it Liz How is it that someone like you Be here sane You love this world so damn much But no one In it I mean Have you ever even had a friend? Oh, here we go This is the start of Aloy's arc I need friends That's why I'm so angry at everyone Because I'm angry at everyone He's a good boy Like me Now I get to push the button I love doing this It's the best part of the game Wait did that just open it What did that do I can search ancient trunk Okay Loot Sweet