Hi, welcome to the maintainer's track, six-scheduling deep dive. My name is Aldo Kukikondor, I work for GKE, I'm based in Waterloo, Canada, and in the Kubernetes side of things I'm a maintainer and TL for six-scheduling. Yeah, my name is Kent, I work for the Dow Cloud based in Shanghai channel, and I also work on Kubernetes upstream together with Aldo and mainly on six-scheduling, yeah. So we're going to have a quick overview of scheduler for the ones who are not familiar, and the remaining is all about updates in the various projects that the six-scheduling hosts. So let's start with the scheduler. The scheduler is a single component, is a controller in part of the control plane, the Kubernetes control plane, and it's basically watching for pods which can be in the high level in two states. They could be admitted or scheduled, scheduled pods, pods that are already assigned to nodes, and pods that are new, they were not assigned to nodes yet. So then the pods that are not assigned yet, they will go into a scheduling queue, and the pods that are scheduled will go into the internal scheduler cache. Once at a time, we pop a pod from the queue, and then we execute all the scheduling algorithms to find first where the pod can fit, and among all the possibilities, which one is the best option according to the configuration, and whether we need to preempt any existing pods that are running because we have a higher priority pod. So if it's schedulable, it will enter the binding process, which is simply telling the API server that the pod is already scheduled, and where it should go. If it does any, just we'll go back to the queue, and even if it doesn't, it will get a notification, it will get a pod condition which says not schedulable, and other components can react to it, such as the cluster autoscaler, for example. If the binding is successful, then that's all that the queue scheduler does. At that, from the point that the pod has a node assigned to it, scheduler no longer owns the pod, so anything that happens to it is the responsibility of the queue let, except for preemption, which is when we need to schedule a higher priority pod. So over the years, we worked in a framework to make scheduler more extensible because obviously different companies, different users have different needs, so we needed to establish a structure where people can contribute more easily to the scheduler. So as a result of that, we introduced a series of extension points where people can extend the scheduler. Let's start in the green box, the scheduling cycle. There are basically two main processes here, prefilter and filter. Filters are all about yes or no, so we take a pod, we take a node, and we ask the question, can this go in here, yes or no? So we do that process. If we ended up with all nodes for all the nodes, then we trigger the postfilter, which the typical example is the preemption mechanism that would evict some pods. If we have more than one node that can fit, that responded yes to the filters, then we enter the scoring phase, where we run a score for each of the nodes, multiple scores for each of the nodes, and whichever node has the highest score is the one that is selected. And then we enter the binding cycle on the right, which communicates the decisions to API server. Somewhere in here, there is mechanisms to do volume binding as well, but I won't get into those details. Now, we have introduced this new box on the left, the purple box, which is a new extension point, which we call preenqueue, which what it means is it will hold any pod from the rest of the mechanisms of the scheduler. Why is this useful? Well, we'll give us some insight of that, but this is a new extension point that you can tweak. The big difference between preenqueue and filter, let's say, is that preenqueue is a global decision, it's a decision for the cluster, filter is a decision for the node, and also if you are failing the preenqueue, you're not even entering the queue, so it's as if your pod didn't exist, kind of. So if your pod fails the preenqueue, for example, the cluster autoscaler won't scale up. That's one of the differences with filter. If a pod fails filters, then the cluster autoscaler can still react to it. I will see why is that useful in a second. Okay, let's go through several updates and improvements we made in the last several races. So the first one, as Ado said, is the pod scheduling readiness. So for most of the time, when pods are created, they will be added to the scheduling queue and popped out of the queue one by one for scheduling. So this makes sense for most of the time, but not always the case. Like if the pod missed the essential resources, let's take a pod request for GPU, for example. So if the GPU hasn't been registered in the cluster, then the pod will never be scheduled successfully, right? Also, like in a cool time management system, and let's say a pod with a lower priority, and there may be some scenarios like there is not enough resources for the pod. So the pod will still be stuck in pending for a period of time. However, the code scheduler will commit to reschedule the pod when it gets the chance. So it somehow will lead to the degradation of the scheduling throughput. So although we have some like mechanism underlying, like we have the back off algorithm, which we are handling for the pod scheduling failures, but we cannot avoid it, right? So for another case, it's about the let's say we have several customer controllers who want to make the decision together with the scheduler, but it does not need, but it does not want to modify the default code schedule. So without this feature, we cannot achieve this. So we need a knob to help us control the scheduling process. That's the general idea of this cap. So in this new feature, we introduced new feature named the scheduling gates. It's a set of strings. So when the code scheduler found a pod carries the scheduling gates, it will never pop out the pod for scheduling. And this is an example about how this feature works. Let's say we have a normal Kubernetes and we have a customer web hook and external controller. So when we apply a pod, the pod will send the request to the API server and invoking the web hook. Then the web hook will inject the scheduling gates to the pod. At the same time, the code scheduler watches the pod create event and it found the pod carries the scheduling gates. So it will never pop out the pod. Then came the external controller. Oh, sorry. It's for like removing the feature gates when it found the pod is ready, like we have enough resources for the pod in the Corsair management system. So the external controller will try to remove the scheduling pod and the code scheduler will watch the pod update event and it found the scheduling gates was removed. So it will pop out the pod. And yes, when entering into the normal scheduling process, that's how it works in general. And the next cap is about the mutable scheduling directives for suspended jobs. So the motivation for this is in batch jobs, usually pods will run with specific constraints, like they will run in the same zone, maybe for the communication performance or they prefer some same model of GPUs. So job hopes to be mutable when it's suspended. And also a high-level job query control can take advantage of this feature for better pod placements. Let's look at the right side of the slide. So these are all the mutable fields we support right now. So node affinity, node selector, torsions, annotations, labels, and the scheduling gates. The scheduling gates were introduced in the last release, 1.27. So we didn't introduce any new APIs in this feature. We just relaxed the API validations. So you see when the job is suspended, we can injure these scheduling gates. And also Q is a subproject mostly sponsored by the six scheduling takes advantage of this feature for job queuing. So the next feature is about the mutable pod scheduling directives when pod gated. So it's quite similar to the previous one, but it's for pod only. And yes, the motivation is quite similar. So the external workload controllers can influence the pod placement with this feature. So the general idea is when we found a pod gated by the scheduling gates, then we can inject the node selector and the node affinity. But one thing I want to highlight here is not any node selector or node affinity is allowed here because we at the higher level, so if the node selector or node affinity is empty, then anything is okay. But if not, only more restricted updates are allowed. That means the node candidates should be a subset of the original nodes. So if you have some customer jobs, which has no suspenders, semantics, so you can also achieve the same behavior as Kubernetes native job with this feature. Then the pod to bridge spread plugin. So this plugin helps to control pod spreading across all the clusters. And we did a lot of work in the past several races. But I will not go into that detail, because we already did that in the last coupon of America. So the first one is about the main domains. It's a new field under the to bridge spread constraints. So it helps to control the minimum number of to bridge domains. And if there is not enough domains, the cluster auto scale we are getting on board until there are enough amounts. And the second is about two new fields, node affinity policy and node tent policy. So we can use these two fields to define whether we should respect the node affinity or node tent when calculating the spreading skill. So all these three fields are under the to bridge spread constraints. And another feature is about the loading updates. So in the before, when a deployment is loading update, because the CUBE schedule cannot distinguish with other replicas and the new replicas. So when the other ones tear down, the state will fall into an unbalanced state. One solution for this is we can deploy the schedule at the same time. So if we use this feature enabled, there is another approach right now. So this feature introduced a new field named the match level key here. It's a set of the level keys and it will not care about the level values. So for template, we can deploy for the template hash here. So the part of the template hash is level added by the deployed control. So it's child replicas says we are not overlap with each other. And yes, and so the CUBE schedule can use this use this level keys to distinguish with the other ones and the new ones. And we are following to a balanced schedule results. That's how it works generally. And yes, we just I think we the blog about these three caps was just published yesterday. So you can if you have if you want to know more information about this, you can click the link for the details. Yeah. And beside this feature, we have several notable improvements at least the three here. So the first one is about the skip status. So if if if a pod has nothing to do with filter filter pluring, then we think filter pluring can be skipped directly, right? Let's take let's take example like a pod carries no node affinity fields. Then the pod sends a node affinity pluring will have nothing to do with the pod. So the pluring can be skipped directly, right? Now we can return a skip status in the pre filter extending point and the corresponding filter pluring can be expected. It can be skipped. The second is quite similar to the previous one, but it's for the score extension point. So you can also return a skip status in the pre score extension point to skip the score pluring. Yeah. The next one is about a new metric plugin evaluation total. So if if if one plugin is being called, the value of the metric will plus one. So with this plugin, we can have have an overview of how you pluring inflecting the scheduling results. I think it's quite useful. And then I handle handed over to Eldor for several subprojects updates. Yes. So as a scheduling, we our main component of course is the Clip scheduler, but we also host a few subprojects. The first one is kind of not the newest, but one of the newest subprojects. It's a subcomponent. It's a controller for job queuing. So we we offer resource quota management with borrowing and preemption semantics at the job level. It also has support for resource fungibility, meaning that if you have an heterogeneous cluster, then you can you can establish quotas for different resources for different flavors, we call them in the cluster. And then you can if you submit a job, Q will decide if it fits in the in certain quota, it will assign to that flavor. Otherwise, it will assign to the next one that has available quota. We directly support the job API that we offer support for for MPI job as well, Qflow, and we are working on more integrations. We also published a library for supporting any custom jobs here that you might have. So you can queue it with Q. Here, you might be wondering why are we scaling investing in a new scheduling project? And the answer is that we are not. We are not reinventing CubeScheduler. We are following a separation of concerns principle. So Q can take decisions at the job level. So it's like let's call it a first scheduler. And once the decision has been taken for the entire job, we delegate the rest of the scheduling to the existing components. So Q is compatible with CubeScheduler, it's compatible with controller manager, and it's also compatible with cluster autoscaler. And so we just released the version 0.3. I think it was last week. And some of the highlights we released the first beta quality API, meaning that from now we respect the deprecation policy established by Kubernetes. We increased some validation for better use. We added preemption support. That was a big request from our users. And we finally have it for different scenarios. We added support for MPI job, the V1 beta 2 version of it. We added this optional sequential admission for quasi all or nothing, organ scheduling, if you will. We added support for limit ranges and runtime classes so we can better calculate usage, quota usage. And we, as I said, we published this library for integrating any CRD with Q. If you want to learn more, we did a session yesterday during the batch on HPC day. You can find a link in the slides. Hopefully the recording will be uploaded soon. Another project that we host as six scheduling is the disk scheduler component, which they just released. They just got a new logo. So what is new in disk scheduler? First of all, they introduced the V1 alpha 2 API and the disk scheduler framework, which is kind of a similar framework to the scheduler framework. It's a plugin-based refactor of the project. So more people can easily collaborate without bumping into each other's features. There is a new config API. The V1 alpha 1 is deprecated. And now they also introduced disk scheduler profiles, similar as well to the scheduler profiles in Kube scheduler. I'll expand on this a little bit in a bit. And they added this feature for the node utilization plugin. And now they have a namespace filter. One inspiring thing that they wanted to share is that they had more than 10 contributors in the latest release. So the disk scheduler framework, what is the motivation that the project was becoming too big, too many contributors, hopefully some of you here. They all wanted to introduce new features, new strategies, and they were having issues merging those changes. So they decided to follow a similar pattern to Kube scheduler, introduced the disk scheduler framework. It works a little different from the scheduler framework. And also a few different names. So let's say we have a profile here. Each pod is passed through all of these plugins. Each plugin implements resort sort of filter. And they go through it. There are two types of plugins, the disk schedule, which is kind of like observing one node at a time, or sorry, one pod at a time. And you have the balance, which is observing kind of like the entire cluster at a time to take decisions. So this could take decisions about, let's say, how long a pod has been running, and the balance can take a decision about like, is my deployment spread. And that's one profile. Each pod runs through every profile. And if the profiles are different, so the first profile can filter specific pods. And the next profile can filter other types of pods. So that's the idea. The disk scheduler project is asking for use cases. So if you have any more use cases for disk scheduling, feel free to reach out. And if you want to learn more about the disk scheduler framework, you can find a link down there to the original design. The next project is the scheduler plugins. This is a repository out of three. So there is basically one Qubes scheduler in Kubernetes, but we wanted to give the opportunity to the community to be able to incubate certain plugins with as high quality as possible. So that's why we introduced this repo. And there are quite some experimental and also quite production-ready plugins in here. So this is a kind of like staging project. If a plugin matches enough, we will consider the upstreaming it to Qubes scheduler, but it still needs to go through the production, well, the cap process and production readiness reviews. Anyways, I want to highlight the plugins that are there today, starting with the most popular one, probably the cost-scheduling plugin, which offers all or nothing scheduling a group of bots at the same time. I've been told by the contributors that OpenAI is one of the users of this plugin. The next one, maybe for a bit, is no resource topology. It's about adding topology awareness to scheduler. Topology inside the node, like NUMA nodes, for example. Capacity scheduling, it's about elastic quotas, preemption, toleration, its variation on the preemption plugin that offers certain opt-out capabilities. And the next one is Trimaran, it's actually a set of plugins, which are kind of low-aware scheduling plugins, and the network-aware scheduling plugin as well. Major changes in the last few months, a new component config API, several updates to the node resource topology match. Now there is a scoring strategy, a new scoring strategy for NUMA nodes, and there is an implementation of reservations that aims to reduce conflicts with Cubelet. And the APIs for POT group, an elastic quota now serves the status, so you can subscribe to those events. And more importantly, there are breaking changes in the newest release. We changed the API group into scheduling.xcovenetist.io, so if you upgrade to the newest version, you will have to update your CRDs. Okay, the next project is about the Kubernetes scheduler simulator. So it can help to simulate the Kubernetes scheduler without a real class. More importantly, it can display scheduling decisions in detail. So the major changes in the last release is about we can display the scheduling results across all the extension points. So but in the before, we can only support filter and score extension points. And one thing I want to mention here is the simulator has a web UI, but up to now, we only support filter and score extension points. For other extension points results, you have to refer to the POT annotations. And the next, we are trying to implement the scenario-based simulation and benchmark. You can refer to the cap for more details. So this is the general how it looks like. So we can see we have all the extension points scheduled results in the POT annotations. Yeah. Okay, the next project is about COG, Kubernetes without a cobalt. So this is a new project. It's a toolkit to build up a cluster and it can create thousands of nodes in seconds. It's lightweight, it's fast, and it's also flexible. So from the test report, it can retain thousands of nodes and hundreds of thousands of nodes, hundreds of thousands of ports per laptop. It's quite a large amount of resources. And the more information you can refer to the blog, we are happy to announce that we just released the first version. And we have beyond 1000 GitHub start right now. It's quite popular. So actually, the architecture of the COG is not quite complex. There is no cobalt, there is no node, there is no data plan. So all of this will be mocked by the COG. So to achieve this, COG has two controllers. The node controller and the port controller. The node controller we are responsible for simulating the node lab circle. And it also maintains the node heartbeat to the API server. For port container, it's responsible for simulating the port lab circle. So you can mock any node, any port at any state use at any time. It's quite flexible because it can achieve this because in COG, everything is API objects. Yes, COG also has a client tool like COG controller. It's as brand new as the kind. So we think COG can cover several use cases like the scheduling simulation. So one interesting thing here is COG schedule simulator is planning to integrate with COG. That's quite interesting. And for scalability tests, like if you want to have a performance for like 5000 nodes, you will no longer need 5000 real nodes. You can use COG to and build up them in your laptop. And also for integration with the class auto-scaler, you no longer need to jump to the cloud providers. You can build up them in your laptop also. And yes, functionality test. If you are developing a CRD and you want to verify whether the CRD behaves well, so you can use COG. Okay, pretty much for this session. And I guess someone must be interested with like joining the community. So if you are a beginner, you can refer to the first issue or have a wanted issue. And if you have any questions, please join us, like we are all there. And also we have bi-weekly meeting. If you want to get more involved, you can talk with like the tech leader, the coaches. And yes, we have an APAC meeting for the contributors from other regions. If you want to know more about the architecture of the COG schedule, or you want to know how the features are designed, you can refer to the CAPS and the development docs. So last but not least, thanks for all the contributors in the last list. And yes, we are calling out for reviewers. So the last part, Q&A. Any questions? Thanks. So thanks for the great presentation. I wanted to ask about the features that allow delaying scheduling of ports, so the scheduling gates and the suspended ports. So is there some sort of status condition or timestamp where this status changes to port becoming schedulable? I'm asking because, for example, in autoscaling, the scheduling latency is a major thing we monitor. And I'm wondering if there is now a bitterly long time where port scheduling can be delayed. Is there a way for me to actually monitor the actual sort of port going through the system? There is a port condition. If I remember correctly, it's called scheduling gated. So that it contains a timestamp. But yeah, you will have to subscribe to that to be able to measure SLAs. Thank you. That's great. Thank you very much. Yes. I just wonder if there's a strategy or plug-in which allows to put ports dense on nodes so that they're not spread across nodes, but that we utilize the nodes at the maximum point? Yes. That's one of the modes for the node resources utilization plug-in. I don't remember the name at this time, but you can configure it to target maximum utilization or minimal utilization for spreading. The default is minimum utilization. So by default, cube scalar spreads. Yeah, that can be a problem because then you get unutilized nodes and they cannot scale back because the nodes are pinning the nodes. Yes. So some providers, you know, in GKE, we provide multiple scheduling profiles, so you can basically select the scheduling profile that fits your use case better. So that's the recommendation for cloud providers to provide. One off the back. A follow-up question to that. How does it compare to the de-scheduler? It could also help with maximizing bin packing, right, by clearing out unutilized nodes? No, it's not about cleaning up. The question was about scheduling. Add scheduling time to maximize utilization. And I guess the benefit about doing it during scheduling time is that, well, there's no pre-emptions, no disruptions to the pods. But of course, you can still pair, you can still deploy together scheduler and de-scheduler for maximum defragmentation. Hi. Thanks for the talk. Question about Q. So you mentioned that decision is made on the higher level for the job itself, basically, decision to schedule, not to schedule is done on the job. How then preemption works? So, yeah, so that's based on the suspend field of the job API has a suspend field that Q leverages to either start or preempt a job as a whole. So the point here is that Q takes the decision at the job level and then is the job controller that actually executes the deletions and then Q handles the graceful termination and so on. So, basically, the approach we've taken in Q is that any time upstream Kubernetes doesn't work for us, we go and change it. We talk to C-gaps, we talk to C-gaps scaling, to any SIG node, and we work with them to make this communication channel or this separation of concerns work well with us. So as a result, we might have a little slower release, but we are here for the long term. Thank you. Yes, and you can also refer to this session we said yesterday about Q and the more detail about the preemption. Yeah. Thanks. I for sure will review it. Thanks. All right. Thank you. Thank you all. Thanks everyone.


It is a good point that rice, apparently, is a super high maintenance b**ch. This just in, there is going to be a global rice shortage very, very soon. Now, seeing as that Asia is responsible for 90% of the consumption and production of rice, what does this mean for Asians, David?  I think that that's why this is going viral on some circles on the internet, but particularly Asian circles on the internet, Andrew, what is the cause of this potential once in 20 year rice shortage? Yeah, so the news article just came out and it really mostly attributes it to the Ukraine war, which is messing up the supply chain for wheat because Ukraine obviously produces a lot of wheat. And now people are going to have a higher demand for rice. But rice production is kind of at a 20 year low because of temperatures in Asia and also a lot of flooding in Pakistan, which, you know, between China and Pakistan, there's actually a lot of rice being produced. So basically, rice supply is not going up, but rice demand is going to be going up. So now people are afraid of that price hike. Now, a lot of people are questioning how real is this rice shortage or is it manufactured by the elites up there to make profits? The media! Anyway, guys, we're about to break it down. Make sure you like, subscribe, turn on your notifications. Andrew, we got to do some quick rice 101. Then we're going to get to the internet comments, our own takeaways real quick. Andrew, I'm just going to break it down for people. Here are the top 10 rice producing countries in the world. It goes China at 28%, India at 23%. Number three, we got a sleeper pick, a very wet country, Bangladesh. Andrew, then it goes Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines, Brazil. That's a sleeper pick, Cambodia, and coming in at number 11, the USA. Andrew, let's go to some quick rice 101. Why do Asians eat so much rice? Because I think a lot of Asian Americans, we grow up eating rice every day. Some of us eat it multiple times a day, up to three times a day, but we don't know anything about it. Yeah, I mean, maybe now is a good time to take a minute to appreciate rice. This is rice appreciation day right now. I would say, I mean, as far as why Asians eat a lot of rice, first of all, I think it's delicious. And I think that a lot of parts of Asia are primed to grow it. You know, like, there are rice farms in America, like Arkansas, you know, I'm growing some rice just like, you know, I might not be wearing the hat quite like them, but I'm growing rice too. So you can grow rice in Asia a lot and maybe because labor is kind of cheap in Asia. So like, it's very laborious to use rice and obviously takes a lot of water. So I guess maybe that's why. Yeah, I don't think anybody fully 100% out of 100 knows why staple crops took place in certain continents. But I just think when like humans were developing civilization, there clearly was a difference because Andrew in North and South America, there was maize, acorns, potatoes, sweet potatoes, as you could see what was eaten by the Native Americans, right? Africa had millet, barley, yams, etc. Europe had oats and wheat and Asia had rice and secondary had wheat. They use a lot of wheat in noodles. Yes. And I'll tell you this, every society in the world, they need their carbohydrate that they can farm. Agriculture is very, very important. That is the caloric intake to survive. You need a base carb, right? Also farming, you need a farm so that you don't have to rely on being a hunter and gather. If Asians eat so much rice, why are they so skinny? Yeah, because I don't know. They're so, so for me.  I see it a lot more now than I used to even. But I think what happened is that a lot of Asians who used to eat a lot of rice, they were also very active and they would maybe work blue collar jobs. Listen, you can. You're saying they needed to eat the rice to have the energy to pick the rice.  You can take it. But a lot of people, they're being more lethargic now. So now the rice is just extra calories on them. You're saying they're just eating the rice and then tapping on the computer? Yeah, yeah. What are the major different types of rice that are eaten around Asia? There are 10 types, but there's primarily three main ones that make up the bulk of the consumption. Yeah, I guess the three main types is, so there's basmati rice, which is very light over in like South Asia and then Central Asia, right?  It's very not sticky. Yeah, it's very fluffy and like flies everywhere. And then there's the short grain kind of wetter, stickier rice that they primarily eat like Japan and Korea and parts of China. But you know, Japanica rice. Japanica. Yeah, that's what I looked up. I didn't know. Listen guys, I had to do some research too because I just, I just ate rice growing up. I didn't know anything about it. Yeah.  So I think that that's a lot in Southeast Asia.  And then now there's brown rice, which is delicious.  Growing up, Andrew, what were our experiences with rice? Like what type of rice family were we? Because we were definitely into it, but I wouldn't say at a 10 out of 10 level. Like some of my friends, families that were Asian, they probably had it three times every single day. Yeah. I'd say we had it once a day. I would say a lot of our friends had the rice cooker going throughout the day. Like you could just walk into their house and then they would have warm rice ready to go. Right. I think, you know what was always interesting to me? We had tatang and then tiger later. Oh, the rice cooker. We never had the joji rushi until later and then the kakoo as well. Now, you know what was interesting is like growing up in school, a lot of non-Asians would always be like, hey dude, do you really eat rice every day for dinner?  What do you mean what's wrong with rice? I eat it every day. Yeah. But then I realized that at a lot of American families, they don't eat a single carb with every single meal. Right. And they do. It's probably corn and potatoes, right? Yeah. But they weren't eating mashed potatoes every meal. They weren't eating a loaf of bread every single meal. Like I think they eat it more than Asians, but it wasn't at the table. Right. At the staple of their dinner table. Well, they probably alternate between corn, potatoes and bread. Yeah. Right. I guess in pasta. Whatever was at hometown buffet. And you know rice is a big deal because somebody said Asian moms used to treat it like retro Jordans. They used to flex on each other with fancy rice cookers. You know, they got the fuzzy neuro from Zojibushi. Yeah. And then not only that, Andrew, in 1997, when Time I Shoe dropped the AZN Pride Got Rice song, the logo was a guy with a rice hat eating rice. Yeah. What do you think are, what do you think about eating rice just with soy sauce and like an egg and spam? Right. Everybody does that in Asia, but there's also garlic butter rice, which is a Filipino thing. Yeah. It's delicious. Man.  I actually think the garlic rice from Philippines, Andrew, that's the most underrated delicious rice in Asia. Low key. A lot of people don't know. It's Filipino rice. Very, very delicious, man.  I used to hear this debate all the time. And I remember there was one more of a, I don't forgive my language, a whitewashed Asian girl who used to criticize it on the bus to school. And then there was another guy who was really in the animes and, you know, the otaku, he would always beat for her about this. Let's just be clear. Chopsticks are an amazing tool for a lot of things, but it's not the most efficient for eating rice.  Did you ever think about that? Only eat to 80% full. That is the thing. Yeah.  But obviously it depends. Yeah. It depends on what type of rice, how it was prepared. But yeah, I could see a spoon or a fork being used as well as water. Yeah. So let's get into the comments section. Somebody said, Oh great, a global rice shortage. It's not like half the world doesn't rely on it to hit it, their daily caloric intake. And by the way, most of that half is in Asia. But like you said, they have increasing rice consumption in Africa right now, rice from the Nigerians. And now if this is a real rice shortage, it's going to hurt the lower middle class, lower class and the poor people the most to be honest. Because this is where they're going to see the biggest hike in price. Like people, maybe in America, like maybe, maybe this rice shortage doesn't really affect us as much. Or you're saying richer Asians in Asia, not as price sensitive, right? Yeah. Or maybe they weren't even eating rice anyway, as their main staple. Maybe they're eating brown rice and quinoa. I don't know. Somebody says jokes on you, this Asian already switched to keto. So I'm not going to get impacted by this. Yeah.  Moving on to number two, we got the conspiracies. Wow. Other people are like, wow, the global elite, Davos, Bill Gates, China, just do pump and dumps or control our minds, whether it was through the fake egg price, pump and dump. Now they're doing it to rice. What are they going to do next? Beans? They're just trying to take control. Yeah. And then there's another conspiracy that's like, oh, China's trying to push, yeah, you know, like for the last decade, we were trying to convince our citizens to eat more potatoes and less rice because potatoes are easier to farm and that would help solve the global food crisis. You do not need to pick a potato. A potato is already picked when it is born. The potato picks you. But yeah, I mean, I think that there's a lot of reasons. I don't know if this was a ploy from China or a ploy of the American elite or the Illuminati to just make a profit or to hike everything higher in price for the rest of our lives.  It sucks to think. I don't know. I tend to believe that a lot of the conspiracies are just like messed up market dynamics that are right in front of your eyes. I don't really think you need a global elite to like come together with like hoodies on to like plan this stuff out. It just happens because that's like the system we all bought into. Somebody said they want to raise the prices install the peasants for the amusement of the elites. But back to China switching to potatoes and right now they got Tudou, Tudou Pian. Do you think realistically they're going to be able to replace their rice consumption with potatoes? Because everybody knows if you've ever seen more of the poor people in China, the migrant workers and or oftentimes for lunch like Wu Fan they'll have a big thing of rice with just some row tie on top like a little bit of a few strips of meat and a few a lot of veggies. That's like their whole meal for lunch. And then they got to go build a building.  Like that is the only way because mashed potatoes are easy, right? You just take a potato and boom, boom, boom, boom. Mashed potatoes is essentially kind of like takes the form of rice where you can top it with anything. Guys, and it's easy to cook. But you might need to make it like more Asian tasting instead of the butter garlic. Yeah, I don't know. I'm just saying if you are trying to push potatoes you got to introduce more potato dishes. I don't see enough potato dishes. I see a thin sliced potatoes for like, you know, barbecue and like hot pot sometimes. Yeah, you could get it at the Chouar spot, right? The thin sheets, right. But then I see some like Yunnan or like Sichuan spots serving the spicy fries, the crinkle cut fries. But what else? You got to make some mashed potatoes.  But like these are fast food chains in China, by the way. But with mashed potatoes. Somebody said, what about the rice farms in America, man? Are these they about to come up? And then someone said whatever we do if they got a rice shortage over there, don't ship them any rice. Let them eat mice. Guys, I did not know that they had rice farms in Arkansas and the farmers look like this. They're like, yeah, well, you know, I've been farming rice. You know, I don't really quite wear the hat like they do. I got a different hat on. But you know, out here in the Arkansas, we growing ourselves some long grain. I got the forges on the jeep. Red bottom. Somebody said we need to stop pretending like we can feed everyone in the world. We got to promote new recipes and promote sustainability. Yeah, I do think that this definitely if this is a real shortage that is due to these factors that are beyond anybody's control, I do think that we really definitely need to think about like food alternatives. And I guess what would be the food alternatives to rice? It would be quinoa, be ferro, F-A-R-R-O. I mean, I don't know. Cauliflower rice. It is true that rice is very what? Phosphate water intensive. Yeah. It is very, very, very much. You know what? You got to put water on rice to cook it again. So the rice is sipping water its whole life to get cooked, picked, and then you got to re-inject water again. Yeah. Well, that's why it's so freaking delicious. But it is a good point that rice apparently is a super high maintenance bitch. Who would have known? Yeah. Yeah, I'm rice. I need water to grow. And then somebody's got to pick me up with their fingers. And when you bag me and then you want to cook me at home, you got to give me a lot more water. And then I might dry out after two days. And then you got to water me some more before you put me in the microwave. God damn. Apparently growing good rice, Andrew, is like growing the finest zaza, piffery planet Earth. Interestingly enough, quinoa in its raw form, Andrew, looks like weed. So yeah, there's a ferrofa, there's farro. I just don't think anybody over the age of 50 in Asia is switching, bro. Even over the age of 30, I don't know. Somebody said, what are these biblical plagues? What's next, locus? And someone said, yeah, but if the locus come, we can eat them for protein and stir-fry them because they look like land lobsters.  So apparently we need new quinoa and we need new stir-fried locus recipes. Yo, quinoa doesn't work in fried rice, so quinoa's too fluffy, it flies everywhere. I hate it. Have you ever seen quinoa? Have you spilled quinoa before, David? And it just keeps rolling? It does, it does. It just keeps rolling, man. Man, I don't know. Somebody got to invent a new grain and, like, hybrid it in or something. Sticky quinoa, please. Somebody said in South Carolina, some farmers actually dump the rice into the water to keep the price stabilized. Oh, somebody said pasta nowadays due to the factory commercialized system is also a very cheap alternative. Ooh, pasta, because it's wheat and people know how to grow wheat. So now there needs to be, like, hydroponic rice, man. Yeah, I guess rice is, like you said, Andrew, high maintenance. It's very climate-sensitive, but it's also at the mercy of the urban sprawl because it takes up a lot of space. I remember growing up, Andrew, yeah, yeah. He used to always tell me, make sure you eat all your rice because that means somebody spent their time to pick each grain individually. Oh, man. By the way, guys, I'm not dissing on rice. I still love rice, but I do understand the difficulties of it. Yeah, it's high maintenance. Somebody said rice is not even healthy for you, especially the white-polished rice that's in the factory that everybody eats. No. But I think, again, listen, you can intake a lot of rice if you're working very hard and you're burning off a lot of calories, but the thing is, about nowadays, a lot of people are not burning calories.  I don't know. What if people switched to multi-grain rice, like at a lot of Korean assumed-to-boo spots, they got it, or the forbidden black Chinese rice? That rice is pretty good. I think so. I know those are healthier than white-polished rice, but I don't know how much more. Right, right. I know brown rice is healthier, but how much better? I don't know. But I don't like the taste. Yeah. The taste is very... It's not as good as the white one. Actually, brown rice for certain dishes I prefer, but yeah, most of the times you still need white. All right, Andrew, let's get into our takeaways. Is this just media fear and fun and everybody, you know, nowadays, the media cycles, they try to get clicks and engagement by freaking you out and exaggerating things? I think you're gonna know when you go to restaurants and they hire the price of rice, or I hear my restaurant friends start complaining that the price of rice went up. So again, I'm not sure if it's gonna really affect America.  I just hope they treat the farmers better because if the price is gonna go up, but the farmers in, like, let's just say China, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines are still poor, that'll be messed up. Yeah. Also, another reason why, you know, rice is so cheap is because I don't think the farmers get paid a lot. Like the price of labor on the rice farm lands is pretty low, I'm pretty sure. Yeah, for sure. Support the farmers in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh. Somebody said, what do you think is realistic about the Asians being persuaded to use rice alternative grains? I don't know. I mean, these have yet to be seen, but I know that there's a lot of recipes online of, like, fried quinoa, or like, oh, replace your rice with cauliflower rice, a little bit of cauliflower. It doesn't fully work. I'm just saying. But it is true that these other grains, they're grown with, like, less water. And I guess they're healthier. So maybe. No, I'm sure there's a future in them. I think, like you said, you need to get A-tier celebs and chefs and maybe, like, private equity or venture capital guys or whatever that you need to put it together to, like, build it out to create the demand. Will Asians be able to ever let go of rice or is it just part of Asian culture that we'll just never let go? Well, considering that Asian civilization in the Eastern Hemisphere was literally based off rice to survive and build everything, unlikely. Because that's actually how the societies were structured initially. That's, like, how East Asian society developed Confucianism because everybody had to collaborate on the rice fields and they were large and that's why people are peaceful and harmonious in Asia. It seems like you're either a rice eater, you're either a barbarian or you're, like, a vegan. That's what it just feels like right now. Anyways, guys, let me know in the comments down below what you think about this looming rice shortage. Do you think it's real? Do you think it's going to affect you? Are you stockpiling rice right now? Also, have you cut down on your consumption of rice personally throughout my life? I have, but I did just eat some rice today, which was very delicious and I still enjoyed it, but I just... I just try not to eat too much. I'm going to have a lot different thoughts every time I look down at a bowl of rice now. Welcome to Rice 101, guys. Appreciate your rice. You guys know Hop Hop Boys. Always breaking everything down. Sweet to savory, silly to serious. Let us know what you think in the comment section below. Is it overblown? Is it real? What are your some favorite non-rice dishes? Until next time, we're the Hop Hop Boys. We out. Peace. Peace.


What is going on guys? Welcome back to the channel and I appreciate you being here. Today I am back with another Destiny 2 Top 5 video and today we have funny moments, WTF moments and an amazing clutch. But before we get into that guys, every month I give away a fully customizable controller to be in with a chance of winning it. Drop a like on the video leave a comment down below, make sure you are subscribed to the channel and follow the Gleam link at the top of the video description. Also guys, if you have any amazing clip to send in and you want to be featured, send it into the email address linked within the video description people. Ok so let's get into this top 5. In our number 5 we have a clip sent in by Rumpro71. This guy recalls the perfect example of how not to use your nova bomb. Oh we have a clip sent in by Russian817. I think he is effing immune people. What do you think? In number 3 we have a clip sent in by Guardian of time7. I think your game is just broke pal. You need to take it out and wipe your disc. In the clip sent in by Fastback14Jr. This clip is just absolutely hilarious. In the number 1 we have a clip sent in by Q001. An amazing 0 second whisper clutch. Wow it don't get any closer than that. We got it we got it we got it. We got it. We got it. We got it. We got it. We got it. We got it. We got it. We got it. We got it. We got it. We got it. We got it. But guys that is the end of this top 5. If you enjoyed the video leaving a like really does help me out. Like I said if you have any amazing clip to send in and want to be featured send it into the email address linked within the top of the video description. Also guys the giveaway I do is every single month a new giveaway every month so if you entered it last month you will need to re-enter this month by clicking the Gleam link within the video description people. It is fast simple and legit and it is for a fully customisable Xbox or PlayStation controller made to exactly how you want. So to be in the chat so when you drop a like on the video leave a comment down below and make sure you are subscribed and follow the Gleam link within the video description guys. I hope you enjoyed the video thanks as always for stopping by and hopefully I will see you on that next one.


Affloat with Henry Morgan! Captain Morgan, together with Colonel Atterbury and Sir Thomas Moffat, returns to the flying gull, thinking that perhaps the woman who was masquerading as Antoinette Delacy might have gone there to ask Geoffrey Hunter to give her his protection.  Abored the flying gull, Morgan finds that both the Aztec Necklet and Hunter are missing, and it naturally concludes that Hunter and the woman have run away together. Then he learns that Kitty was seen wearing the Necklet, and so he takes the other two men with him to the Dolphin Tavern. Meanwhile, Diets has kidnapped Kitty, and Dolores has gone with her into hiding. From the window of the stone hut, the women see Geoffrey being taken to work in the swamp. While this has been happening, Morgan has learned that Kitty has disappeared. The others believe that Geoffrey, Dolores and Kitty have gone off together. But Morgan feels that although this appears to be so, it doesn't seem to make sense. But Morgan's facts are quite obvious. The Aztec Necklet was taken from your ship, and this woman, who I believe to be Antoinette Delacy, has gone. Kitty was seen wearing the Necklet, and now she disappeared. What other conclusions can we come to? They must have all gone away together. They must have, yes. But it still doesn't make sense. Geoffrey Hunter was in love with that woman who was living at your place at Thomas, and I knew that she wanted the Necklet because she tried to steal it once before. Why should Hunter take it and give it to Kitty? Might I suggest that it was given to Kitty to try and throw you off the scent? Hunter possibly gave it to her and then took it away later on. And where has Kitty got to? They might have killed her. It's a possibility, yes. Do they think they can get away with a thing like this? That woman must know that the whole island will be aroused against her, and by Heaven's my men will find Hunter and they'll bring him back to me alive. Then I'll deal with the treacherous scoundrel. I gave him my trust, my friendship, and because a woman comes by and because her arms are soft, he forgets all that I've done for him. Well, I'll remind him when I see him. There's something that we've all overlooked. In the excitement of the chase, we've all forgotten the real Anthony DeLacy, the one that I said goodbye to in England. What has happened to her? There's only one place that she could be. In the hands of the Spanish. Then Heaven help her. If only we discovered this imposter when she arrived. I might have been able to help you, Sir Thomas. I might have been able to find out where the girl was and so rescue her in time. But now? By now, she would have been sold into slavery and that makes me all the more keen to find this woman who impersonated her. I'll not let the militia rest a moment until she is found. Well, I'm going to leave the search in your hand, Sir Thomas. And when you find them, I expect you to hold Hunter until I return. Where are you going, Captain Morgan? Sir Thomas knows I have little project in view and after this, I feel I want to get out and do some fighting. Get away from Port Royal and the treachery of the man I trusted. I'll be sailing with my fleet almost immediately, Sir Thomas. I'll fight them.  I'll slip their stomachs and hang and quarter them. But your ships are not fully provisioned. They'll have two days to finish the job. Then we sail provisioned or not provisioned. I have sent for me, Captain Morgan.  I just wanted to talk to you, dear Arch. Yes, Captain. Reluctantly, I have to give you back your position aboard the flying guard. In the best navigator I've got is the only other man aboard the ship who knows the way I like things to run. I'm doing it with reluctance because I have no other choice. You understand that, dear Arch? Yes, Captain Morgan. Where were you last night, dear Arch? I was out with some friends. Were you at the Dolphin Tevin? No, I did not go there last night. I don't suppose there's anything I can tell you which you don't know already. If you'll forgive me for saying this, Captain, but you remember I told you that you placed too much trust in a strange man of whom you knew nothing. Keep quiet, you dog! I thought I'd let man mention aboard the ship. I'll deal with him when the time comes. Yes, he'll get what he deserves when we return to Fort Royal. When we return? We're sailing, sir. It's two days' time. Whether the fleet is ready or not, we sail. In two days' time? Yes. Can it be that my orders do not please you? Ah, because not, Captain. May I ask what your plans are? No, you might not. Never again will I trust my plans to anyone. You'll receive your orders when we're out at sea. That is all you can go. But remember, you're being restored to your position aboard this ship because there's no one else suitable to take your place. I don't trust you.  Now get out and about your business. Make sure that the fleet is ready to put the sea in two days' time.  You've got your pick on your shovel, and remember if I catch a loaf in it, not working as fast and as hard as I think you should, I'll flog you both to death. Men's lives are cheapier. There are plenty to take your place when you go, and go your will before long. I'll be watching you. You mean less to me than the reptiles and crawls through the jungle. I have supreme power of life and death over here. Now get to work, and don't forget I'll be watching you. You better do as he says, NASA. Swine, I'd like to clap him right on the point of a joke. You do that, and you not live as long as anyone else. You just do as he says. Maybe you live as long as I have. You've been here long? Longer than anyone else. You take up your shovel and start working with me. We can talk as we dig. We have to finish this drain by tonight else we all get flogged. But how long have you been trying to drain these swamps? I don't know. I've only been here a month. A month? I thought you said you'd been here the longest. So I have. If a man lives here in the swamps for a week, they think he lives a mighty long time. Doesn't anyone try to get away? Get away? When they have you chained up all night? Rather, you was asking a mighty impulsive thing. Better make up your mind that you is here to stay till the very end. It won't be very long. They work so hard during the day that man is too tired to get up at night and think about running away.  And they don't let you sleep long.  You stay out until the sky is quite dark. Sometimes the guards get very bored so they like to play with their whips. I've seen them cut men to pieces and throw their bodies to the alligators. Alligators here? Sure. The swamps' full of alligators. During the day, he and man scream and, you know, an alligator sneaked up behind him and then the swamp waters are stained red. But sure you can see the alligator coming? They sometimes don't get a chance. The gators come up these drains here. Water's deep. There's just a faint ripple. There's snouts out of the water. Before a man knows it, the gages have got him. I've seen them snap a man clean in half. Then there's the fever. There are insects and flies around. They bite him. In a few hours' time, the man is a raven mad. Before you know what has happened, he's thrown to rot in the jungle.  No wonder that no one lives more than a week. Quickly! Go for your life. Up to bank. Is the gator coming now? Ask no questions going up. That's right. Come up. Heavens is falling apart, the alligator. There's a chance of saving himself. I'm almost there. There's an iron staff. It just might do the trick. Here it comes, jaws wide open. Now I can put this bike right down its throat. Now's the chance that I miss it. There'll be two bad principles. Quick! Come on, quickly. Let me help you out. Come on. I thought I was no longer going to be the oldest inhabitant here. I sure thought my days were finished. Up to bank now. I think the alligator's finished. That was a much brave thing you did for a negro. I was going to stay there and what's the alligator going to take you? He's dead now. Nobody else would have done that for me. The gate is dead. We'd best go down and get that bathroom out of his throat. Otherwise oversea may trouble for you. You're my friend. My name is Hero.  I'll not forget that. Someday, maybe, I might save yours. Go over and done with it now. My name's Jeffrey. You better get back to work before we strike more trouble. Now that is, I had to come and see you tonight. I have news. What has happened in Port Royal? Are they searching for me? Yes, everybody is out looking for you. Is there any chance that they're looking for me here? No, no. No, I might think I'm looking for you near the swamps. This old deserted hut is forgotten. They never think a woman would come to the swamps where there's death. Nonetheless, they never find you. The Captain Morgan is sitting with his fleet in two days' time. What am I going to do? I can't sail with him? When does the ship come to take us? Not yet. Not until after Captain Morgan sails. You will have to desert. That is all you can do. You still awake? Yes, Hero. I'm still awake. All other men are asleep. We can talk now. I want to tell you something. What is it, Hero? I've been waiting to tell you this ever since you rescued me. But I was frightened someone might overhear us. I must tell you now because it's late and if one is asleep, well, what is it? I has gone to escape and I've taken you with me. Hope surges again within Jeffrey Hunter. What plans can Hero have for escape? You'll hear of them in the next exciting episode of Affloats with Henry Morgan.


Welcome to PP18, the Plenipotentiary Conference 2018, here in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates for the International Telecommunication Union. I'm very pleased to be joining the studio today by Dr Amir Talat, who is Minister of Communications and Information Technology for Egypt. Dr Talat, welcome to the studio. Thank you for receiving me. Now I'd like to start off by asking you about the fact that there's considerable attention being placed on harlotting the power of information and communication technologies, or ICTs, as an enabler for good, for development and for the benefit of people, families, communities and nations, and what is your personal perspective on this? I was delighted when I first took this job, when I felt the consensus of all my peers in different organs of the Egyptian government on the pivotal role of ICT in embracing Egypt's current challenges and problems. Poverty, financial inclusion, education, health, everybody realises the role of ICT in all these challenges. So we're currently working on several very, very important projects in all these aspects. We're working to launch a comprehensive health insurance project by next year in one of our pivotal cities. We're also working on fibre to schools to improve the education system. We've just finished the first two stages of the unified database project that lends a 360 degree of the Egyptian digital citizen, which helps improve our vision on the eligibility of our citizens on their entitlement to social security projects. So all these projects and all these programmes serve as a great testimonial to the role of ICT in our new digital society. Very worthy and necessary projects that plenty potential conferences the first since the world agreed on the sustainable development goals in 2015. I wanted to ask you perhaps you could provide some examples of how ICTs are helping to drive sustainable development in Egypt. It is indeed helping in many, many ways. I'll just pick one or two for the sake of time. Electronic design is one of the areas where Egyptians are working with a lot of focus on enhancing our capability in designing electronic circuits and then have them manufactured and back to Egypt to be installed in different devices. We're also working on training and building capacity and ensuring the closure of the digital gap as you may call it, the skill gap between the new graduates and the demands of the labour market. We're also working on several projects where ICT will be the key and pivotal route for the recipient of such digital services for the Egyptian citizens. Now as we know about half the world's population are connected to the internet, the other half is not. What is Egypt doing to get everyone connected? Egypt has a very unique position in this respect with the second largest country in terms of terrestrial and submarine cable spotting through its soil and seas. We're bound to use this privilege, if I may call it, in order to enhance connectivity. We've improved from 46% to 64% in terms of households with a computer. We're determined to escalate even further on this route. In terms of mobile penetration it reached 99.5% so we're almost there. In terms of internet connectivity we're at 46% so we still have a room to grow. We're working seriously on fibre-to-home projects across the country. We're also leveraging new technologies in Amsans in order to enhance speed and increase the number of houses connected and citizens connected. Finally, we've got a very special audience tuning in to this. I wanted to ask you have you got a message for participants here at PP18 and also the wider audience in their home countries? Yes, I do. The last global competitiveness report has just been issued by the World Bank and I find Egypt market 24 out of 140 countries in the world. So it is a very ripe and promising market with a lot of potential. I call on investors to come and visit us. That's wonderful, Will. Thank you very much indeed for being with us in the studio and we look forward to catching up with you again in the future. Thank you very much for having me. Thank you.


And it's very powerful. It's called the opening frequency. It's for peneal gland activation. And since you're talking about that mother code, this could kind of get help people to get into that state. So if you don't mind, I would like to play this for a minute and then we can all close our eyes and and meditate with this. Absolutely. That sounds great. Okay.


The study proposes a generalized maximum likelihood approach to compare weighted financial network reconstruction methods using conditional entropy maximization. The method can be applied to any binary topology reconstruction method and uses available partial information to infer link weights. The results show that the most reliable method is obtained by addressing the best performing binary method with an exponential distribution of link weights and two safe variants are proposed. CREM underscore B is recommended for full uncertainty about the network topology or when the existence of some links is certain, as it is faster and reproduces empirical networks with highest generalized likelihood among the considered competing models. This article was authored by Federica Parisi, Tiziano Scottini, and Diego Goliskeli.


This is the SF Productions podcast network Before all the video was put directly into computer memory and the comnet, people used to tape shows. Let me see. It's a tape already in here. Let me hook this up here and let me see what we got. Back with us to the 60s and 70s, the dwelling place of the lost generation. An era whose heroes, role models, and very lives were molded and formed by weekly installments of favorite television programs. Welcome to the place your parents didn't understand. Welcome to the vast wasteland. Welcome home. I'm your host, Mark Spindbar, along with Wilbur Neal and Marty Wiley, and we're here to talk about 60s and 70s television. And before we get into the big extravaganza tonight, just want to tell you we're on Tuesdays at 6, Wednesdays at 10, and Thursdays at 3 p.m. here on ACTV. K-Book 21. Are they still using that? Probably. I hope not. The Caucasian singing the theme, yeah. And if you want to write to us and tell us stop singing, our address is vast wasteland. Vast wasteland. 15, 14, 11. 15, 14, 11. Columbus, Ohio, 432, 1-5. Columbus, Ohio, 432, 1-5. Yeah. So just right in, and since the old vast wasteland mailbag seems to be emptying out a little bit, we really need to see some people start to write in. That's true. I got a letter here. No, I didn't, because they didn't write. That's right. And also, this really won't affect you viewers at all because we're shooting this show a little bit ahead. What you're seeing tonight was taped on September 17th, and you're going to see it, oh, looks like mid-November. But ACTV is getting brand new equipment, so we're going to be off the air for a few weeks, but it won't affect you because we care about you as a viewer. So we've shot shows in advance, so you won't even see a difference, except you won't see the lousy Chiron titles again. Next time you see us, we'll all have gray hair or something. It'll be months ahead. So there you go. Anyways, on to the night show. Certainly one of the biggest things in television, especially early television, was the recreation of something that was already out there. Because it was cheap to do, and you really didn't have to pay writers to bring up original concepts. You just took something from another medium and went, oh, that works.  And it's a cheap show to do. Look, they don't do that now. Well, that's true Walt Disney. I don't think they ever had an original concept. They just take everything. What do you mean? They have excellent casting, like, you know, Mickey playing Bob Cratchit. What an actor they are. That's the idea that they never really... They always took something that existed and they just put it into their own animated form or whatever. Right. And that's what we're talking about tonight. We're talking about comic strip shows. Not comic strip shows. Woo hoo hoo. No, not comic stripping. Or not wacky stand-up comedy shows. Like you see dozens of those today. You get to the other side. No, we're talking about the stuff you see in the funny papers. The funny papers. I should probably deal with this. It's called funny... Funny paper shows. There'll be shows about funny... About papers that are funny. Woo hoo hoo. Woo hoo hoo. Funny paper. No, it's not that either. You guys are really grasping this time, aren't you? Yeah, we are. Look at the idea of comics. It's not only your superhero things, but the funny things, which is where people got the idea of funny books. Oh, I said to get after people heard. Saying the funny book thing. Comics are comics. It's not just funny things. There's some serious stuff. There's action things. There's all kinds of things. So it's comics. It's not funny books, but yet you'll still have your older people. I remember buying funny books. You're eating them funny books. I used to have funny books. Pay a nickel and go to the store. You could buy ten of them for a nickel. Funny books. No, they're comics. Okay, it's comics. For you collectors, it's comics. No, no. For you collectors, it's graphic novels. For you collectors, it's punches and bunches of money. That's what it is. It's punches and bunches of money. Money, money, money, money. And then some. So, let's just jump right in here. That's right. And the first one, alphabetically, because that's the way we're going to do it. What shows first? Well, actually, I could go with, even though we're going to do a show actually on this, I could mention it here because... Well, mention it. Go ahead. Okay, Chaz Adams worked for New Yorker Magazine and he came up with this concept of a family. It was called the Adams family. That's right. And he had just... They weren't necessarily a strip thing, but they were just one-shots of this weird family. Well, I think those count. And you saw more Uncle Fester in the comics than anybody else. It was just this weird bald guy looking over things with this maniacal look. He had this tall guy with the bags under his eyes. That's your lurch character. You're your... Just your go-betts character. We're going to talk more about Adams family and also the monsters on our next exciting episode of Ass Waste Land. This is true, so we can mention them. But we're not going to go much into it. Adams family don't think about it as being a... Right, but it is. Comic strip. Practically it is. That's right. It did come from a comic strip. It's true. Let's just move right along. Did they ever do a show with Rodney and Douglas? Oh, yes, they did. We're going to talk about them also. Let's go to that right now. Well, that's B. That's B. Okay. Adams. B. Blondie. Adams Blondie. Okay. Well, I mean, I know I saw the... I remember seeing the movie short thing. Well, actually those were done for television. Those were actually done for TV. Those were done for television. Okay. With Arthur Lake and Pamela Britton. Arthur Lake playing Blot. Playing Dagwit. I knew I was going to do that. No, no, no. I knew I was going to do that. I was thinking Penny Singleton. Penny Singleton. What's her name? We don't even have a Penny Singleton show. No, no, no. What's her name? She does James Voice, but she was also Blondie in some of the Blondie shows. Oh, I know who you mean. You know who I mean? Isn't it Singleton? Well, I think she did it on radio. Well, she's got some name. Well, she did it in the movies and she did James Voice on the Jetsons. Well, I know this stuff from something. For the TV show, well, for the first incarnation, there's a good word, incarnation of the TV show, which was actually done in the 50s, by the way. It was Pamela Britton that was Blondie. But anyway, it's your Blondie and Dagwit thing. Blondie was, what was she? She was like a housewife. Well, I mean, she had a, she was like a singer or something for a while there. And then she married Dagwit. And she was actually kind of like wealthy. And she married below her station when she married Dagwit Bumstead. Okay. Well, that's not the idea. Well, anyway, they were married and they had, um, Cookie and Howlick.  Well, that's how it happens. You guys don't know this.  But it was such an incredible, not just an incredible resemblance. It was like a clone. It was like... What happened to the comics? Early cloning. Yeah. Mr. Dithers. Yeah. Always liked that name. Mr. Dithers. It was the boss. It was Dagwit's boss. And it was like, um, in the, in the older ones, I know Dagwit would always have these Vascos that would happen to him. Things he would, he would try to do something right. It would always go wrong, which, oh, I guess that happens in a lot of sitcoms now. It's just like possibly... I think that's like why they're called sitcoms, you know? The situation happens and it's comedic. Yeah. The whole thing's just funny. But, well, back then it was like Blondie would always figure out the way to make it, make it go right. Yeah. So that was... That's a lot like life, isn't it? The guys screw it up. Yeah. Yeah. There was also in the mid-seventies, and I don't, I don't think it's listed in there, was, I'm sure there was some sort of Dagwit animated series. There was. I remember, yeah. There was. Was that part of that funny paper show? That was a part of that, um, that Archie's Funny. Archie's, Archie's Sunday Funnies. Archie's Sunday Funnies. He was a part of that. And I, well, we'll talk about that a little later, too. That's right. Archie and Broomhilda. They were, they were just millions of things that were out there. It shows that I never even knew existed. Comics I never knew existed because, well, we just didn't get them here in Columbus. Oh. I think there were comics that had been in any papers for about 20 years. Over, over 20 years. Yeah. That's the problem. I don't know. I had, Broomhilda was in the paper where I lived. I think I was a dating paper. So I was like, real happy to see that on TV. Casting Jammer kids. Oh, yeah. I don't know if anybody has seen them since the 30s or 40s. Yeah. Yeah. The last appearance of the Casting Jammer kids. Somewhere in the 30s. Smokey Stover. I had never had him. No. That one was like. I had never, ever heard him. Way back in the old days. Well, there's, there's Blondie. And then, um, let's see. Most irritating, most irritating comic book or comic strip show.  Dennis. Dennis. I have this vision. You know where he always goes, hello. This is Mr. Wilson getting out a shotgun and just blowing Dennis back across the fence. Goodbye, Dennis. He was just an irritating child. I mean. And yet, and yet that was yet another show that did the idea of, oh, well, an actor dies. We'll just drop somebody else in. And of course they did actually explain it was his brother. Yeah. The other Mr. Wilson. We have the, the original. Who is the original Mr. Wilson? Joseph Kearns. Joseph Kearns. And then the second Mr. Wilson. Gail Gordon. Gail Gordon, yeah. Gail Gordon. Later to become Mr. Mooney. Well, the guy that played, um, Dennis's father, he shows up on a lot of stuff. Uh, Dobie Gillis, a lot of stuff. Uh-huh. Herbert Anderson. Yeah. Well, they did a lot of that back then. That crossover thing. Right. Because if you were kind of in the background in the show, you were not making that much money. So, so it was like, well, I'll do a dozen shows and I'll just be in the background of several neighborhoods. And this actually, they, and this is really an early example of this is a crossover show because we found out that Dennis the Menace and Donna Reed live in the same neighborhood because there was an episode where Dennis drops by and Donna, Donna is like, what is she doing? She's, she's, uh, doing the house over. She's painting. And Dennis, and of course this is just like formula for disaster for Dennis. She's always going wrong. So Donna calls up Mr. Wilson and gets Mr. Wilson to call him over to help him. So the show leave, they'll leave the house.  His mother's never, her hair was never messed up or closed. So I'll be like, Dennis, come here, we're going to talk. You watch the show and it's quite obvious that at least in the episodes that I've seen, is that Dennis is not this innocent little boy who doesn't know what he's doing. He knows exactly what he's doing.  No, Mr. Wilson's his best friend. Yeah, right. Yeah, right. At first Mr. Wilson just used to crack me up because he just always looked off. Oh, good gravy. I love that. Go good gravy, Dennis. What did you do? They did have a strange kind of little relationship, friendship kind of thing. You ever notice that? Well, I did. Actually, especially the first Mr. Wilson was a little bit effeminate. I thought. Oh, I didn't say that. I didn't say that. I was just a little bit, not a lot, not a lot, but just a little bit. Not me. And letters. Well, darn it, now we'll get letters. That little mailbag. But he's dead now. But he's dead. And he actually died on the show, which is an interesting concept, which is why they probably film things ahead now. All of a sudden, oh, he moved away, but his brother. Brought the house. Brought the house. Wow. And his brother, the writer, brought the house. Hey, it's just another Mr. Wilson, the bug. That's right. His brother brought the house, but he brought the far. Yeah. And you, what kind of relationship do these brothers have?  And what do you do? You just sell the house to his brother. I guess he didn't really like you. Mom must have always liked him. That's right. That's right. And let me just say before we move on here that Blondie, the first incarnation was in 57 basically. And then they had another incarnation of it in 69. Well, in 68, it lasted from 68 to 69 with whole new people. When was it on in 69? I'm just curious. At what time? Well, at 68 to 69, it was on CBS on Thursday from 7.30 to 8 o'clock. I was curious if they tried to do it really mod, because that's, right, you know. That is just about in the modern era. The kids are like wearing bell bottoms. Doing the whole mod thing. Jim Bacchus was Mr. Dithers in the news episode. Wow. And who hears that? Here's a Hennie Bacchus. Oh my goodness. They must be related. That was Cora Dithers. Yeah, Cora, Mrs. Dithers. Well, maybe, are they? Probably. I don't know if he's dead now. Isn't that a strange thing that happens to these people in these shows? They just, they just die. Like flies. Well, there's another show that I didn't realize was a comic. Oh, wait a minute. Wait a minute. What? Something else here in this thing. Cookie in the 68, 69 version of Blondie. It was that darn Pamela Ferdinand. Oh, no. Well, I guess we could talk about that later. No, I'm a fan of that darn Pamela Ferdinand. Talk about a child that weasels her way into every show that was ever created. You know, if they would have had a way to have a... Hey! She was Lucy's voice on the animated peanut. Yes, she was for quite a while there. It was that darn Pamela Ferdinand. Oh my goodness. Let's talk about peanuts as we mentioned. Okay, why don't we? What was the first one? The Christmas one? Oh, yeah. The Christmas one was actually the first one? Yeah, the first one. The Charlie Brown Christmas, I know for a fact, was the first one. Well then, it's the great pumpkin Charlie Brown had to follow that close on its heels like the next year. Yeah, they put that together right after they saw it was a big hit, but that... Which I think is the better one. The first time that hit was probably... 65? Maybe even earlier. Well, it could have been much earlier than that. Well... It was like 65 or 66. Peanuts have been around since the early 50s. I think peanuts had been around for quite some time. But I think that being on TV is what made that strip take off. Right.  But then when it appealed, you know, TV-wise, it appealed to everybody. I think being on TV is what made that strip popular. Right. But of all the specials, there's no question that Charlie Brown Christmas has the coolest music. That's true. Not cool music, but I think the great pumpkin has a much better story. Oh, I don't know. Yeah. And I always... I could never understand why this great pumpkin thing didn't take off. It did for a little while. Not truly. I mean, you know, as an actual thing, it didn't, but... No. I mean, why has this... I know it's going to have a million years from now, somebody's going to dig that up, look at it and say, oh, wow, they had this wonderful old tradition of great pumpkining. Let's do it. Yeah. That's right. Future civilization. There are any pumpkins left by that time. All there will be. What's a pumpkin? Great big. People will live in them. Well, that'd be great pumpkins, so they won't have to pretend. That's right. So it'll be even that more special. This is mind-expanding, boys and girls. We're thinking about the future, which may never really happen. But in your peanuts thing, you've got, well, you've got Charlie Brown. Good grief. Nothing ever goes right for Charlie Brown. That's right.  And a shirt that looks like his mouth does, which they are selling, by the way. I saw one in a video one time, and I saw somebody run up the street earlier today. Well, you want to look like Charlie Brown. Wouldn't it be scary if Phil Collins put one on? Yeah. Wow. If Collins looks like Charlie Brown. Charlie Brown grown up. Just as much hair, too. Not even grown up either. That round-headed thing just don't seem to go right. You've got a round-headed child getting all these shirts for him. And his sister, his little sister, this little sister, Sally, who was, I don't know. Like, Sally's just learning quite a bit, but she seemed to know more than Charlie Brown. Yet, she couldn't really put it into action. I think she wasn't as naive as Charlie Brown. Right. She was basically too busy having to crush on Linus. Linus, who was too darn busy with that. The philosopher of the group. The philosopher who carried his security blanket with him. He just seemed to know everything. The wise one, yes. And his sister, his sister Lucy, was the crabby one. The crabby one. She just always wanted to butt into everything. Well, look at the baseball games. Obviously, Lucy is the world's worst baseball player because she just doesn't care at all, but she wanted to be involved. And Charlie Brown is too darn wimpy to say, you don't know how to play baseball. And yet.  She's got him on the football. She's got him on football. Every time. Every darn time. He's just never learned yet. She's always, no, if I try to kick the football, you'll move it away. And I'll fall down and I'll break my head open or whatever it is. No, Charlie Brown, not this time. This time I'll see it there and hold it. You'll see. You'll see. Okay. Maybe she will. Miss Charlie Brown. Mr. Hope Springs eternal. So he goes running back. He takes over. She's losing the ball.  It's an easy line for Charles Schultz to draw there. And then they had a little brother rerun. I don't think he's ever really appeared in the. I think he's been on some of the newer ones. He was, I think he was one of the, in one of the movies. All they, all they did basically was show him on the back of his, of their mom's bike. And he's attached to this. It's kind of going like this. When they did it Saturday morning. Yeah. Okay. He is one of the newer characters. And he's just like a smaller version of Linus. Right. Like, oh, let's think of that one real hard. Yeah. The bigger head. Yep. But there was a show that I never realized with a comic show. Wait, wait, wait. Now we're not finished with the comic. We're not. No, I mean. No, Snoopy. We haven't mentioned Snoopy at all. Who was. A dog. The, the dog that just had everything. Yeah. Even he had. The dog house. The dog house. It's like parallel to Oscar's trash can. Yeah. They, they showed the inside of his house one time. And it's the dog house. And it's just modular furniture. And all this modern stuff. A great big stereo. He come back outside.  You look back inside. It's like the, the, the TARDIS and Dr. Who is just more space. That's what it is. It's another TARDIS. Exactly. And he used to fly around in it too. So maybe so. He's like a world, world flying ace. And then back in the space program, there was one. I don't remember which mission it was, but there was actually one mission where they, they named the things after Snoopy and Snoopy Landry. I remember because they had a time magazine cover, which had them in spacesuits. Yeah. It was just a whole big thing there back in the late 60s, early 70s. Which, hey buddy golly, that just fits our type frame. That's right. And then there's Woodstock, the little bird, you know. There's Franklin, Peppermint Patty and Patty and... Schroeder. Schroeder. Yeah. Schroeder on the piano. Who provided all that cool music. Yeah. With just a small piano with no more than five or six keys on it. But yet he could pull all kinds of music out of that thing. It was incredible. I think really Schroeder should really get some sort of like MIDI keyboard or something. And just admit it, you know. I think he already had it. Yeah. And then early... Schroeder. That's right.   That's right. Schroeder. Schroeder. Schroeder. And Lucy was just in love with him. That's right. And he tried to stand her. Yeah. Because he knew she was the crabby one. No, he wasn't crabby, she was a fuss budget. And he was more interested in his music than in her. So she would yank that piano away from him. Just like she would yank that football away from Charlie Brown. Because nobody liked her. Nobody liked her. It was a fuss budget. That was the proper, that was the term. That was her term, but she was just a crabby one. She was pretty crabby. So, okay, your show that you didn't realize was a comic show. The show that I never really realized was a comic show until later was Hazel. Because the characters seemed so different. The character in the comic didn't seem to have as much personality as Shirley Booth. Well, that's not possible.  But you have more dimensionality than the comic strip character. No, they just seemed so different.  They seemed so different where the kid, Jay North, playing Dennis, seemed just like the kid in the strip. Right. Well, they patterned their master. I mean, down to their hair coming out in the big... I wonder if it here still does that. The big... Not the big butt. The big fling shot that he created. It here still does that. It might. It could be scary. The off-offer thing. Of course, I didn't have the comic Hazel either until a lot later. Well, that's one that they just never had here either. Well, maybe they did, but... But you couldn't read it. I didn't read it. Yeah. Well, it's not that I couldn't. It's that I didn't. Yeah, that's it. The mystery kid has saved you, but it came along too late. Yeah, it was too late. I was reading. So, well, there we are. I had to do it all by myself. Well, I liked Hazel because it was another situation where she was in everybody's business. But she was just such a nice person. Wasn't Hazel the prototype for Rosie? Yeah. Yeah, really. Rosie of the Jetsons. Hello, Mr. J. And one comic strip that did do a TV special, which I've only seen maybe once, and I think there's even somewhere out there, a record album that went with it, was Doonesbury. Yes. That's right. Which I really like Doonesbury. Doonesbury did do a special. There was a Broadway show that closed almost as quickly as it opened. It was in and out. Boom. Well, that's because it was very satirical. And, well, if we're going to mention Broadway shows, there was also Your Good Man Charlie Brown. That's right. That traveled all over. I saw it here at Ohio State, in fact. And there was definitely an album that went with that, too. It was interesting. Well, speaking of fascinating, next time on the fascinating program, Fast Wasteland, we're going to talk about the Munsters and the Atoms, this Munsters versus the Atoms. Another one of our exciting versus shows. So you want to tune in for that.