In this module, we would look at an application of Ijara. We have previously covered quite a number of applications of the contract of Murabaha, the contract of Musharaka and the contract of Ijara would be the subject matter of this module and quite a few other modules to come. Ijara as a mode of financing has a lot of applications in Islamic banking and finance, but we would start with a rather frequent use of Ijara in the context of Islamic capital market. The actual structure of Sukuk Ijara, we would be covering in the set of segments which would be focusing on Sukuk with a dedicated focus. However, in this module, I would like to emphasize that Sukuk based on Ijara is the most popular choice of the Islamic finance practitioners when it comes to the Sukuk ishwan. Sukuk Ijara has got a number of complicated factors. However, verbally, I would like to shed some light on Sukuk Ijara. In case of Sukuk Ijara, any obligor who is looking to raise additional funds must have an identified asset in existence and in its position, possession right from the beginning. Once that asset is there, then the obligor would sell that asset to an SPV, a special purpose vehicle. That special purpose vehicle would then lease that asset back to the obligor. And that special purpose vehicle issues Sukuk certificates which are bought by the investors. So, we have this Ijara component in Sukuk Ijara, an asset, an identified asset which is owned by the obligor i.e. the party wishing to raise additional funds. It sells that asset to another company called SPV and that SPV leases this back to the obligor. That leasing part is actually the Ijara component and this is central to Sukuk Ijara because this lease component generates frequent returns for the investors. To exemplify it, let me refer to the Sukuk Ijara issued by government of Pakistan quite a few years back. In that case, the government identified an asset. What was that asset? That asset was M2 Motorway. That M2 Motorway was sold to an SPV which was called I think Pakistan International Sukuk Company Limited. So, this was an SPV. So, the government NHA National Highway Authority sold M2 to an SPV and that SPV leases that asset i.e. motorway back to the National Highway Authority and the rentals paid to the SPV they were actually given to the investors. So, this is one application of Ijara in the context of Islamic capital market and as I said, this is a very popular structure used all over the world. This has been used in Europe. This has actually been the underlying structure of a couple of Sukuk issued by the government of United Kingdom. This is an underlying structure of a number of Sukuk issued by governments in the Middle East and in Africa and of course it remains a very popular structure amongst the corporate issuers, flash, obligors playing a role in Islamic capital market.


There are rules of good behavior that apply to dealing with police officers. The first is that their job comes with special authorities and special responsibilities. These are balanced in law with some tipping in favor of police authority as they act as law officers. The natural function of police includes maintaining the peace and seeing to domestic tranquility. Authorities derive from the common law of England. Their U.S. authorities and responsibilities are further influenced by the sovereign rights of citizens. Those rights are recognized even without government otherwise accepting significant citizen sovereignty over government. Appropriate authorities and responsibilities are written into the purpose for our having a government as found in the preamble to our Constitution. Like much of the common law, police authority had to be reborn under the American Revolution. Police authority and responsibility have been largely codified in written legislation. Our courts have accepted legislation to be of greater authority than the principles of the common law. Still, these authorities and privileges are based on delivering justice and maintaining domestic tranquility. There is a natural reason to support the police as long as they are about the business that we the people set upon our Republican farm governments. The most definitive authority is fulfillment of warrants. A warrant provides the authority to act on behalf of we the people as represented by a judge and based on evidence and the oath and affirmation of someone generally noted in the warrant. A warrant gives the one who serves it police powers to do what is in the warrant and authorizes nothing beyond this. The first intelligent step on being presented with the warrant is to receive it and read it carefully. A police officer cannot act on a warrant with special authority until other people affected have had opportunity to receive that warrant. The citizen who is seized or constrained or whose property is to be searched and or taken has to have opportunity to read or to hear the authorized actions. Police authority under a warrant is specifically limited by what is written into the warrant. If authority has not specifically passed to the officer, he or she acts only as normally available to authority. Take the time to read the document. If you are providing support to a family member, you can read it to them. This is a sovereign right. And only as you receive it without choosing to read it, are they initially free to violate your person or property. If a warrant says the officers may enter a home and search for something specific, then they may do so. It does not grant authority to look for other things. It does not grant authority to break locks or do other damage unless it is specifically written into their warrant. It does not grant the entrance of government authority into private dwellings that is to be searched. Warrants are strictly observed as to the authority they grant to the one that serves it. Violations of warrant are not to be acted upon through inappropriate resistance. They are always a judge's order to the officer, and most judges will be supportive of citizen complaints of overzealous use of the judge's granted authority. If the police damage property or do injury in violating the limits of their granted authority, a judge can direct that the officer be prosecuted for crimes or take personal responsibility for the losses or damages. Whether there is no way for a citizen to force a judge to act in support of his or her warrant's limits, the overzealous police officer is disrespecting judicial authority with witness to the act. It is up to the judge whether this insult is to be answered immediately or to be taken up privately with police authorities or to be ignored. Other police authority is natural and is granted in full light of the danger of dealing with the worst of humanity. Police must assume that they work in a hostile environment. They have a special right to protect and defend themselves as they seat the peace and perform legal functions in defense of domestic tranquility. It is because of police presence and authorities that we are able to walk among in public places without general fear of being victimized by criminal misconduct. The citizen rule is that you do not interfere with the police as they perform their common duties and most certainly you never publicly confront them in a hostile manner. If you have a problem with a police officer, you seek opportunity to present it to a judge and then it is the judge who has authority to restrain or otherwise redirect the officer of the law. If you engage in rioting or public hostility, you are the one who is disturbing the peace and threatening the public tranquility of others. Complaint should not allow themselves to become part of the problem that police are authorized to solve. It is never wise to resist an officer who has reason to believe that he is engaged in his policing duties. Complaint should not be raised to the officer personally, but may be noted as a reason for the citizen to witness his actions to a court of proper jurisdiction. The trained officer knows that this is a citizen's authorized action and will not normally act in threat or harm to one who seems willing to take it to higher authority. The one exception is the police officer who appears to be engaged in a felony. There is a citizen right to interfere, whether alone or in mass, to prevent serious crimes. The trained officer will know enough to back away on pain of prosecution. If the crime is complete, citizens can engage in citizen arrest of the officer, but they do not have any special police authority or responsibility behind their acts. And this should be an exception and only undertaken where immediate action is demanded by specific situations. Officers are otherwise authorized to direct the public and individuals as necessary to maintain the peace and secure domestic tranquility. And much of this is regulated by laws and codes that are not common knowledge. Police can prevent gatherings that are likely to be disruptive or lead to violence or criminal activities. They can direct citizens to take personal actions so long as these are not criminal. They can stop and challenge persons who fit a description of known criminals or who act in a matter that indicates they may have engaged in known crimes. An officer who witnesses a crime in progress or being completed has immediate authority to take charge of the situation and act to restrain any criminal suspect. It is most unwise for any common citizen to interfere, and any citizen challenge can be easily treated as interference with an officer of the law performing his duties or as obstruction of justice or even as supporting the criminal act. The interference can even be approached as aiding and abetting the criminal with yourself subject to prosecution as if you took part in the crime. The general rule is to let the public officer do his job and even support his or her action as you are able. Otherwise, do your best to keep out of the way, protecting yourself and others who may become victims of the situation. There may be some regulations, such as reckless pursuit of a fleeing felon, but these are internal regulations for police behavior and do not grant any special authority or responsibility to the citizen who is in the vicinity of police activities. There is nonsense being presented as social justice, that police are not to preferentially stop people who are of one race more than another or who wear traditional dress of some ethnic or religious origin. This is nonsense because profiling suspected criminals is a police function. Where the description of criminal suspects include race or demonstrated tradition, these are what need to be included in their profiling, and they are expected to preferentially challenge those who meet that description. If the suspect was wearing a beard, they stopped bearded people. If you wore a red jacket, they preferentially stopped those wearing red jackets near the scene of the crime. If the crime occurs in a black neighborhood, which is not frequented by those of other races, then they preferentially stopped black suspects. If they are trying to reach racial goals, then they are not doing their function as police officers. Criminal law grants authority based on the crime, not on the description of the suspect. Police officers are paid to be biased against criminals. There are certain crimes that are committed with much greater concentration among some peoples than others. Honor killings, for example, are within the Arabic culture and come within the definition of homicide in America. Where there is an indication of a homicide being an honor killing, it is right to act most aggressively in searching those who have Arabic names or exhibit other signs of adherence to that culture. Being personally biased against any race or creed or appearance is not part of the police authority. Acting on bias is a public offense. It is also a matter for supervisory police notice more than for public reaction. We hear much of criminal wrongs committed by police, and there are potential criminals in all fields of endeavor. The responsibility for managing police officer behavior rests with the management of police organizations. It is the leadership that has responsible for fulfilling police function through the officers who are hired for that very purpose. If any police officer engages in crime, it is also a police manager who has failed in his or her management of subordinate officers. Most criminal behavior by officers can be addressed by holding police supervisors personally liable right along with their guilty subordinates. Both are potentially responsible for results from police actions performed under the color of police authority. Gaining performance through their employees is the very purpose for granting a police leader supervisory authority. With authority comes responsibility. If police supervisors do not do their supervisory duties, then it is right to also recognize that they are supervised by higher level officers and that they are also lacking in supervision. It is up to the higher levels of management to challenge subordinate police supervisors who have responsibility for subordinates who misuse their authority. This aligns the larger police authority with the purpose of the public. It is basic management. It is recognition that authority should never be granted without responsibility for exercise of that authority. With this, we have to address the larger police powers granted to non-police groups. Leadership, largely incompetent in performance management, has not been good at containing police authority, nor taking responsibility for an administration and leadership has put in motion. That is a reality of law and government in modern America. It is that the legal community is largely unwilling to challenge or reprimand officers of the law for fear that they might themselves be seen as contributing to the wrong through failure to do their duties. It is, of course, their failure and exercise of management authorities that has contributed to the misconduct of officers. There is a recognizable amount of us and them attitude in the exercise of police authority. And it is given effect in supervisory management. Instead of a police management that gains something through the efforts of police officers, we often find a police administration that simply directs what it feels is appropriate for those who hold authority granted to officers. In this current orientation, police leadership has nothing to gain from change. Change is unlikely unless citizens come together to direct their government's police authority to their purposes. That is the proper direction for citizen self-governance.


Ladies and gentlemen, have you ever gazed at the night sky and marveled at the vastness of the universe? Like those shimmering stars, our dreams are numerous, distant yet incredibly luminous. But what if I told you that just like reaching those stars, achieving our dream is within our grasp? Let's embark on this journey together.  Dreaming is the easy part, it's the very essence of our humanity. To dream is to imagine a future where our deepest desires and hopes come alive. But why stop at just dreaming? Why let our dreams be mere fantasies when they could be our reality? Dream big, act bigger, a simple phrase, yet it holds within its key to unlocking our boundless potential. Because it's not just about the vastness of our dreams, but the enormity of our actions. Dreaming big sets the stage, but acting bigger steals the show. Consider the mightness of trees, they once started as tiny seeds, insignificant to the naked eye. It's not the size of the seed that determines the tree's grandeur, but the consistent effort and nurturing it receives. Similarly our dreams are our seeds and our actions are the sunlight, water and care they need to thrive. Our potential doesn't recognize boundaries or limits. The constraints we perceive the often self-imposed, born from fear, doubt or past failures. But what if instead of being our own biggest critic we became our most passionate advocate? What if we chose to see every setback as a setup for a greater comeback? Your potential is limitless, just like the universe doesn't confine itself to boundaries, neither should you. The dreams you dream can and should be superseded by the magnitude of your actions. Whether you aspire to write a novel, run a marathon, pioneer an innovation or change the world. Remember that dreaming is the blueprint, but action is the construction. Before I leave today, I want you to remember this. Our dreams define our horizon, but our actions determine how far we'll go. So dream as big as the universe, but let your actions be the rocket that propels you beyond the stars. Ladies and gentlemen, dream big and active and bigger, for you are the architect of your limitless potential. Let's make those dreams a reality together.


So once again everything in Java is an object and so we We start to look at everything that we built so far. So say for example, we've built Sort of scanner objects We've built We've utilized the wrappers so the character wrapper and Something like integer So these are again just objects But one of the things we get into is now this idea of something known as Inheritance in inheritance is just that sense of now We're saying that one object can come from another object. It can actually inherit from another object And so we get a new Slu of words that we actually start to build with we start with something called my superclass and my subclass Now super and sub those can also Be called parent and child you'll hear both used in the real world inside of My lectures everywhere But how they start to interact is well, what we're looking at is this superclass This is actually going to be sort of what gets inherited by the child class by the subclass If we were to think for example Something very generic very very simplistic. We could make a class called Person Now, you know person has with it probably a name Probably has some address as well Probably has a phone number. Well and an email. We'll we'll say that it's got those qualities about them and then it probably has some Person constructor and then a few of his getters. So I'll just say get dot dot Now again person very generic very very conceptually generic thing, but Let's start to make this sound a little bit more in-depth Let's think about the fact that obviously if you're kind of watching this video. You're probably a student Now We're all gonna agree for a second that a student is a person We can all say that yeah a student's a person I can get that that I can get behind that You know can't a dog can't go to college until airbud Goes to college and I don't think there's any college that would accept them up, but whatever Now here's where things different Notice how again person has this name variable this guy right here when I design out a Model when I design out an object that inherits I'm gonna go ahead and throw out this word here that extends Something We no longer we don't actually have to say the variables and Methods with it. I can just go ahead and throw out something like courses They have an ID obviously for being in the school maybe a balance, you know how much they owe for a given class and An enroll With draw method they have these two methods with them. So how do I start to build this out? Again, we start the same way we start with simply our public class Student, but then this is why I threw this word up here We actually now add in a new fancy key word instead of just going straight into my curly braces I actually add a few extra words here. I start to say extends Person and so that is Inheritance in a nutshell is that here I've made a class called a student No, I'll change colors. I've made a class called student that is an extension of the person Class now I have to make this person class obviously, but now I can start to work inside here Now again, let's assume that I have a student class And I have a student constructor Inside there. I have access first off to these guys just these guys We'll talk about using super in just a little bit, but I can basically now say ID Equals and we'll just say it's a string zero zero zero one


The Fox Festival is a town-wide celebration of Arlington's Fox Library, our wild neighbors, creativity, and our community. This year, since we can't have a parade, we are inviting everyone to enjoy The Epic Adventures of Fox and Owl, which will be a town-wide virtual puppet show comprised of one-minute videos made by the community. Isn't it frustrating to see a squirrel stealing from your bird feeder or a rabbit nibbling away at your garden? Not all neighbors are the most pleasant to live by, especially these wild ones. However, everything is complex. Squirrels and bunnies are actually pretty helpful neighbors. There's a good chance that many of the trees in your backyard were actually planted by squirrels who buried their nuts. Bunnies are also beneficial because they eat many of the weeds that grow in our yards. This means that more flowers can grow that birds and pollinators love. So, the next time you see a rabbit or squirrel, maybe don't think of them as just mischief makers. These neighbors have learned to live with us, and we can certainly learn to live with them. There are eight species of owls that live in Massachusetts, some of which live in our very own town. You can occasionally see owls hunting during night because they are not eternal. While they sleep during the day in pine trees and hollow knots in trees. Owls are amazing creatures, but there are a few problems for them.   They have amazing hair, a very important ability for them since they hunt at night. So they can pick up every little sound which is very important when they hunt. Ways you can help the owls and the environment is by helping to pick up litter that is around Arlington. This will help everyone, all the animals living in Arlington and the environment as well. The Fox Festival is a celebration of all urban wildlife, especially foxes. Foxes are extraordinary creatures that you can see right here in Arlington and around the world. Everyone knows to treat others the way you want to be treated, so no matter what you think about foxes, just know they do so much for the environment and deserve to be respected. They help to control populations of certain animals such as rodents and rabbits. They also help to disperse seeds by eating fruit. We are so lucky to have the right type of environment to support these wonderful creatures. I always liked it when the red-tailed fox flew over Robbins Farm Park.  They help keep a balance in the ecosystem. Without red-tailed fox, can you imagine how things would fall out of balance? Unfortunately, red-tailed hawks are a danger. They depend heavily on their habitat, and without their habitat, they can't survive. We have wonderful amount of natural habitats here in Arlington, like Monotomy Rocks Park. But if we aren't careful, these wonderful birds we know will fade away. We must protect the red-tailed hawks. At this Fox Festival, think about the red-tailed hawks in celebration of urban wildlife and how you can protect them. These beautiful animals might be in danger if their wildlife fades away or is defiled. Don't let trash build up in these places. Help out in your neighborhood to keep these ecosystems clean for the red-tailed hawks. Make sure that these precious animals can continue to thrive. There are many ways to create a Fox and Owl adventure. You can take them around your house. You can take them into your own cartoon. You can even take them outside. You can use puppets and household materials. Or you can create a mini theater for them. Or you can use stop motion and draw out the adventure. Print out the character page for Fox and Owl so you can color and cut out the characters. If you do not have a printer, you can pick up the character page at the Fox Library Alcove outside the library front entrance or outside the front entrance of the DPW at 51 Grove Street. Now, attach your Fox and Owl to a pencil, stick, or chopsticks so that they become puppets. You may want to include some of their talents, favorite places, and snacks or some of their biggest worries in your story. You can find ideas for these on the puppet template. I'm going to be showing you a simple way to create a mini puppet theater for your Fox and Owl adventure. First, you want to get any kind of box. I'm using a shoe box, but you can use any box you have. And you'll want to grab some scissors too. Next, you want to cut off any tabs or flaps on your box. It might be one, it might be four.  Now you want to flip your box over to one side like this. This will be the bottom of your box. Cut a slit in the bottom of your box. This is where you will stick your puppets. Now, turn your box back over so it looks like this and begin designing. You can use any material to create a fun environment for your Fox and Owl adventure. I'm making an underwater background. Here comes Fox and Owl. They are ready for their adventure. Here's how I made my Owl and Fox adventure. First, I planned out what I wanted to happen. These adventures should be less than a minute, so keep in mind your story length. Next, I drew out my adventure on a sheet of paper. In the end, my paper looked like this. Then I filmed my adventure using Stop Motion. Stop Motion Animation is an app that you can use to make animations like this one. Here's an example of something simple you can do to test. This is a very small bouncing ball animation that I drew. It actually looks like this. Stop Motion Animation can be confusing. Don't worry if you don't get it at first. Just keep practicing. Lastly, I added a voiceover. It's what you're hearing now. Don't forget that these are not your only choices. Please send your video submissions to this email. Fox and Owl Arlington at gmail.com. Thanks for watching! To submit your animation, go to www.artsarlington.org slash Fox and Owl by July 15th.


Navy Expeditionary Combat Command Team is here to represent the mid-shipmen. Go Navy! We are the explosive ordnance disposal of Obey Unit 6. Go Navy! Beat Army! We are the Navy's combat officers from Mobile Diving Cell Junior 2. Go Navy! Beat Army! Go River Reef! Go Navy! Beat Army! Zero-two! Go Navy!


Okay international travel outside of the United States here on the middle way. This is stink tech. I'm J. Phi Dillon. It's Monday morning Alexander more of our joins us. Where are you Alexander? I'm in Phoenix, Arizona the Valley of the Sun Okay, and you're a traveler and you went to Austria In Europe and we are going to talk about your adventures getting there and getting back And then we're going to talk about the you know the dynamic of international travel It still isn't easy and it won't be easy for a while. So tell us about your trip. I was in It was a wonderful trip that we free pandemic we did every summer actually with my daughters and my lovely wife The advantage that we have in a ways we all do all at least dual citizens So neither side can really keep us out legally we have the right to go there doesn't mean there are no problems when you When you enter and exit and prepare and all that kind of stuff. So it was an experience in many ways Surprisingly enough a relatively pleasant experience. There was a lot of formalities to fulfill pre-registration on the way there COVID testing on the way back So there were lots of things to do and the one thing that struck me is really odd During the entire trip. Nobody ever asked me just asked me to show them the vaccination card I thought that would be would be my number two right after the passport and I literally never had to show it That's interesting. So, you know, how long were you there? How long were you when you're up in Austria? We were there for almost two months actually we stayed in Austria We didn't cross international borders there because at the time rules were changing pretty much every other day So you would Go to Italy for a quick trip and then probably not be able to come back because of some lockdown or some border closure So we decided to stay put which probably was a smart move Enjoyed the country Well, I you know, I think let's take a moment and digress if you don't mind professor just to talk about If you could make the distinction between life in Europe life in Austria now life in the United States It's different It has, you know, I think it is it has been made different by the Trump administration, but it is also different in general You know, we have in a way. We've gone on separate paths because of COVID Can you talk about life in Austria and how it is compared to life in the US now? I mean certainly is influenced in many ways by COVID But I think given the past four years and probably beyond that, of course Europe was Swerving away a little bit from being a full-blown ally of the United States and that still shows today What strikes me in the COVID context really as the biggest problem We have a global pandemic not a localized pandemic But we still think we should solve them incrementally locally regionally nationally rather than globally I mean the pandemic doesn't know physical borders and does not respect them But we think we can solve them locally and the Europeans did the same thing I mean, there was no European Union response that was particularly uniform with also country by country that responded Which partly might be good. I mean Even COVID's not the same motor in Sweden or in Switzerland or in Spain There are there's different manifestations of a health crisis, of course But to cope with the problems, I think more cooperation would make a lot more sense You'd be asked about life in Europe. Generally. I think it's a little bit more relaxed. There's a little more willingness to believe government measures When they're being adopted, there's still reluctance to do it but not such, you know Partisan response to what's being done depending on which which party is in power So if a health department comes out and says you might be a good idea to put a mask on then people by and large say let's do that Mr. Perfect compliance absolutely not is their Conspiracy theories and in European countries absolutely Demonstration to see recently in Italy, which has an 80% vaccination rate already They're aiming for 90% There's public demonstrations against the past that they're requiring for pretty much anything Interesting. So people generally believe the science Is there any You know kind of thing that we have here where people are they feel it's their right to reject the vaccination and they will go to great lengths to Oppose it to sue over it to do Protests over it and ultimately to threaten Those who are calling for vaccinations with violence Is anything like that? There is but I would say overall and again, it's many different countries doing different things and realities are not all uniform We're out here, of course I think there's less of it and there's less willingness to actually Resort to violence and intimidation. I think that is just not so much present What strikes me as very similar those who actually are opposed to mandates including masks and vaccination mandates are on the right end Of the political spectrum there as well. So it's parties that are operating far to the right of the center that really embraced the idea of mask Resistance and vaccination resistance and then, you know QAnon is not as present as it is here But it's been seen there too. So sometimes at demonstrations, you would see an actual Q flash popping up So I wonder if it's you know, like monkeys see monkey do sort of thing Where people in other places for example, Austria other places in Europe, you know, have this protest Assign this process protest to a political, you know point on the spectrum And do it because it's been done in the US I mean, have we been a leader in ridiculous protests and are people following that because we have Well, I think honestly, we should be patriotic in responding to that question, too We are leaders in protest and that's a good thing actually our First Amendment is a very good thing The right to speak freely doesn't necessarily have a quality test in it So, you know Start speech and not so smart speed the speech are equally predicted And I think that's a good idea Alexander Michael Jones multiplies of ideas still works largely We are also I think we're exporting Strange speech and strange behavior to a certain extent. I don't believe people in Europe might be different in other continents I would say what there's more monkey see monkey do attitude In Europe, it's not just because there is something done in the US They'll do it as well, but it certainly is an example. That's being done and then is being Embraced and and be gravitated in a way in a local format. So it's kind of translated into the local Again, mostly on the political spectrum right wing extremist agenda and then is embraced and used in a way Without necessarily having the made in the USA label sticking out of it, but still I mean, there's certainly some inspiration coming We go one step further, you know in the US I mean that of course there are people who protest this sort of thing if her and one charade or another but Call it a political charade and the other side, you know, we have we have a divided country over and There are people on the you want to call it the left side perhaps Who think that those who are protesting against something that will save their lives is ridiculous and Irrational and suicidal if you will and And so we have we have a very sharp division in this country on that issue among others. So query Does the divisiveness also exist in Europe? Does it exist in in Austria or the people on the other side, you know, do they feel that those who would protest and Be called hesitant about vaccinations and masks. They think that those people are nuts. What do they think? I will probably say there is a larger percentage of the population who embrace Validity and value of vaccinations and probably the the fact that wearing a mask is a good idea Even if it's inconvenient to say let's do it. We do it in the places where it's necessary go to the supermarket You don't want to you know, breathe on your salad and then somebody else buys and eats it So I think there is more Qualitatively speaking more understanding and quantitatively speaking. There's more people who actually embrace reason There is also the other side of course that embraces conspiracy theories and rejection of science I think it's less the rejection of science as such which has been a Clear presence. I think here in the United States since since at least COVID began and I'm sure it's rooted in something much much earlier It just came to the forefront so much So my my understanding is from from spending time there and of course Intensive conversations is that the percentage of people who just are reasonable is a little bit higher and The percentage of people who are manifestly unreasonable and to leave conspiracies is relatively smaller They are the ones who think that it's reasonable to wear a mask and have a vaccine. Are they? they divided from they Angry and they what do you want to say that? They Concerned about the rationality of the others I mean, do we have the kind of divide there that we have here in terms of left and right yes and no Or is it a more? understanding appreciative kind of division Well, I think it's not so much set up for a divisiveness that's sort of a one versus theater Two options only as we have here because we have a two-party system You'll give up pretty much every single European country You have at least five and sometimes up to 25 political parties that span every I mean so many Aspects of the spectrum the political spectrum. So there's not really the duality in a way So you can't say there's the conservative and there's the liberal because there's five conservative streams and five liberal streams So it's a lot more split up in many ways. Well, that speaks that speaks highly of having multiple parties, doesn't it? It does in part I mean if you look at the reality Italy being a good example, of course You have so many parties that forming a government is sometimes quite difficult and they have elections multiple times a year at least in the past So you can also go the other way But I think being pressed into just two options, which of course if you look at both in the United States They're not homogeneous by anything that's so they'll all have these very streams in them But they have to kind of come together in the tent ultimately which there you can just build a new tent eventually and and form a party Since we're talking party politics. I think the Issue but also the Climate crisis of course has really boosted one particular party Which is a little bit on the left but not so much the Green Party is anywhere in in European countries There are strong Green Parties and they're more mainstream than they were initially with a very strong Ideology that runs towards climate change and health prevention as well. Oh, that's great It's a great connection, but it's also important to know that people care about it You know, it's very worrisome I've had conversations with the the journal the journalism program at UH Manoa and They to to the to the person that they feel that the most important story in our lifetimes is none other than climate change With all even with all this other distraction and noise and trouble Climate change is the thing that's existential And I totally agree. I'm happy to hear that people are aware of that. What are they? What do they think of Glasgow? What do they think of Biden's stand on climate change? What do you think about the effectiveness of the you know, I wouldn't call a reconstituted group at Glasgow I think there's a lot of weariness of course Especially towards the United States because we have been very inconsistent in our US Europe relations And especially also in the global climate change response in many ways So I think they really want to see concrete action not not beautiful words and not speeches I believe Biden did relatively well Speaking but then he's of course, you know, it's multiple problems at home with getting his package passed and it seems that We have another Kind of winning shot coming out of West Virginia now that it might be even more in peril than we think so Europe knows that and Europe certainly wants action instead of words And I think that you will see that in Glasgow. You saw it at the G20 meeting already that there's hesitation and there's a real demand for concrete action History will look back on these times and wonder why humanity couldn't figure it out That is if there's anybody left to look back Let's hope history will have an opportunity to actually look back So what you know in general, what is life like in Austria in Europe? But well through through the lens of Austria, for example, you know a lot of people I know and we talk about it all the time is we stay home. We don't go out much People ask us to dinner and to visit them in their homes and we say no We're not ready People want to have parties. They want to return to the time of a social engagement if you will I mean physical social engagement not the kind that Mark Zuckerberg is selling That kind of engagement and and you know, they resist I resist and a lot of people I know Resist and so you have a change in the social fabric and in the social connection if you will And I wonder if did you observe anything like that in Austria? And what's the dynamic on that? Very much so I think that's probably a pan-European phenomenon like the global phenomenon Really the people are eager to go back to socializing and then having normal relations with you know, their peers And and just being able to get outside and do stuff Europe especially Austria from my experience had a lot of lockdowns where people were literally told Do stay at home unless you need to go to the hospital or to the supermarket And that went for months So people would not see their friends would not go to church would not attend meetings would not really socialize at all And there was a really a burning need I think for for doing that in the summer When a little bit of opening happened, you were still had me ask requirements You still have very strict requirements for going into public places So if you went to a restaurant the waiter had to ask what are you vaccinated and look at your your part Or you were tested where you were recovered if you didn't have one of those three to call them the three cheese in the german language You were not you were not admitted to the restaurant You couldn't attend concerts to the extent that weren't you couldn't hop on a train you could not really go anywhere So people were eager to do that It went a little bit the other the wrong way then the numbers right now pretty bad I think they're operating at an incidence rate of about three hundred and ninety or something right now, which is very high us put them back in Group four of the of the risk countries actually is there's there's concern at this point in time because lots of people then over did it and That they're partying and that they're hanging out and then of course numbers came back And they also opened international borders to an extent. So summer vacation was possible again Uh, and lots of people brought the infections back from that which of course produced the backlash So there's no means perfection there by by by no means whatsoever as a lot of errors Trial and error going on as well and a lot of frustration too But the universal approach I think is similar to here that at some point We need to figure out a way to getting back to something that is resemble normalcy How about you?  How was your life affected while you were there for your trip? Did you you know, I mean everybody likes to walk in austria Take take to the mountains, if you will Did you do that? Were you able to get out what what what quality of life did you have while you were there? Uh, surprisingly very few limitations as long as you followed the simple rules of putting your mask on when you were in a crowd and making sure you had your You document with you that showed you were vaccinated in or one of the three g's and there was really a limited number of things you couldn't do Was a market trend the way from city tourism actually to tourism in the countryside so places like farms Little country hotels were overbooked Cities were empty I did both actually we went on a on a weekend trip to one of the largest cities in austria grats and in a city hotel Where you know, you had your standards you could get in and you felt pretty safe actually Do your breakfast buffet with all the precautions that they put in place Uh, we'd also did a lake vacation where the hotel itself Gave the option for unvaccinated people you can get tested every day for free So they just went to a little station and a nurse came in and performed the tests and then people could stay there as well So it was it was well organized Uh, well, we didn't get running here like the public testing for instance Centers for testing were up and running. You just signed on signed on online You you got your appointment you went in you got your test results 30 minutes later so, um, let's talk about um, let's talk about um The tour the tour boats, you know, the 10 minutes don't go by alexander when I don't get an ad On my email that I should I should go with biking in europe I should get on a river there and and and and then there are you know, a number of other cruise organizations that are Asking me to book stuff And I say to myself. Oh, and my favorite one is is the caribbean You know lots of you know sail by Haiti and wave Right So I'm wondering, you know, how real is that are people traveling we talk about travel today people traveling people, um, you know going on the river cruises You know, what how do they react to this sort of ad? I know how I react. I said that's ridiculous But but hey, maybe other people do that Is is tourism coming back It is coming back. It's coming back sort of based on the rules in place when you when you look at europe For instance, it was a much bilateral approach. I mean Government of one country would say we feel that the other country makes to us is safe enough So we'll open the borders as long as they follow our rules So you had certain groups of tourists coming back in there was an absolute non existence Of course of american tourists at that time because coming in was very restricted And no chinese tourists who usually make up a large Question of summer tourism specifically So if you look at the monetary losses, the tourism was suffering at this time and still is suffering. That's that's enormous Uh, there was a lot of social legislation adopted to basically catch the most severe damages of non tourism Basically to make sure that hotels could survive and restaurants could survive just mixed in But that didn't guarantee that everybody actually did. So I think tourism was down to You know the single digits when it comes to percentage at the height of the shutdowns And then started kicking back in During the summer actually Especially late summer. So the two months I spent there actually Salisbury is one of the three most visited towns. That's my hometown in in europe So you normally have hundreds of thousands of tourists Uh meandering around In any given week First week I was there. There was probably two or three that I encountered on a two hour long walk Through town towards the end of our stay two months later Clearly had changed and there was larger groups, especially of certain tourists germans for instance italians swiss Eastern europeans were allowed back in after the numbers hadn't been done Then so that they tried to get people back in As quickly as possible, but also as reasonably as possible Did it work out? It's you know, we'll probably need 20 years of very thorough sociological and medical research to Work through what really happens during the covid pandemic. I think partly it worked partly it failed The numbers right now are not so encouraging Yeah, as you said trial and error We learned in this case by trial and error and different places Have different trials and different errors and it would be so much better if they were scientifically coordinated Um, well, let's let's talk about the uh, you know the the economy for a moment. Um, you know, I I feel that That the business always wants to get back in business They they or you know, they've got to survive They've got to have a bottom line or they got to go out of business Which would be tragic for each business and for a collective of businesses Um, so they are pushing government. They were always pushing go lobbying everywhere You you can you can see the lobbying government should reopen things and um, you know That was a huge mistake back in march and april last year Um, and it may to some extent be a trial and error mistake now Um, but you know the process business pushes government to reopen Um, but query how is business doing? Um, you know, are people not going back to work as they are in the us, you know The resignation phenomenon Um, uh, they uh, are they working at home or not working at all? Are they They hoping the government will take care of them To the point where they don't have to work And how is the production economy doing? How is the supply line economy doing? How does that differ in austria? I would say there's a lot of similarities. I'm not an economist So I can only speak to the extent that actually there's something about that the supply line certainly is the same issue in europe If you look at especially gas that basically all comes from russia Russia uses it partly at least as a political tool as well So there's a definite problem there if you look at the news coming out of the uk brexit didn't tell beaters So, uh, I think europe as a whole including former europe like the united kingdom is suffering quite significant Later as a shortage of uh truck drivers there as much as it is here So supply is there from the an issue. I would believe that the um, the move Away from actually working and towards the home office was a little less pronounced in europe There were more attempts to actually keep people on the job as much as possible There was more social legislation than here to cover Unemployment and make sure that people would actually not fall into homelessness and starvation That also has been phased out at this point in time. So we're in a similar situation in many respects. I believe overall if you look at the overall european mentality versus us mentality You use the word business. I think we are probably 80 business think and 20 social think Europe is probably more 60 40 And that might have Really come out very clearly during this pandemic. I think the 60 business 40 social or the other way around Okay, yeah, well, you can't you can't throw every single european country in the same box I think there's different approaches in different places, but if I would have to evaluate the european union as a whole I would say probably somewhere in that in that region I mean the european union itself of course is a business arrangement It's basically a An international organization aimed at fostering business and thereby preventing war That's the original idea of the european union, but they also have fast Social legislation at this point in time There's much being done and it's just you know connected to business inseparably anyway Well, you know during during the pandemic my wife and I have seen We've seen the big computer companies get bigger And more arrogant if you will It's a really interesting movie alexander called the billion dollar code and it's the story of a Cell of German developers artist artists and developers who invent what amounts later to google earth And google earth somehow steals it from them according to the movie and This is a really phenomenal thing because you see the strengths Of of the european effort in programming But it's completely overwhelmed by the american capital effort In allowing for really really big computer companies software companies On the other hand, I have observed a number of companies even in eastern europe. I'm dealing with one now in kiev Who first class first class software Another one in istanbul First class and i you know in the soft underbelly. There are a lot of competitive software companies And I suspect this is part of the kind of global view Of yes, we can sell software across the border All we've got to do is get down there and learn how to make it Do you find that is there a heightened awareness of software and computer activity? networking activity virtual virtual activity In austria and in europe Well, absolutely. I think that's the same as here. There's entrepreneurial spirits out there operating in the reality that you know Social interaction was pushed towards the virtual world to a certain extent during the past 18 months And they certainly have grown in many respects I think the europeans also at least to a certain extent had a bit of a regulatory approach Where it's the freedom to replicate and duplicate and quadruplicate and involve everything in one big Corporation that took on google a little bit more aggressively than we did here in this country when it comes to personality rights For instance, I think the truest prudence also if you look at the european code of justice however imperfect it is It puts individual rights At a slightly higher level of protection And we we do when it comes to interaction with big computer companies And also the protection of the right not to be pursued for the rest of your life for everything you put on facebook Or whatever it's called now Has found a little bit more sympathy with the judges and the regulators there So I think we've probably a little bit more mellow in europe when it comes to To that a little bit more human There was a piece on 60 minutes last night of yuvail harari the israeli also About the you know the future of humanity and and how ai is going to Change us and it's it's inexorable, you know But I also want to I wanted to ask you about the movies You know, we are staying home so we spent a lot of time with netflix and amazon movies and others and I have noticed that there is a lot of movies first-class movies Movies, you know to a certain extent you think well, they must be emulating hollywood. They must be using hollywood talent Um, but but no, I think they're you know, authentically culturally ethnically european these movies and I see a lot of european movies subtitles sometimes even in english um Many times even in english and it's not just the english It's uh, it's many countries I mean, I saw a movie not too long ago I considered first-class it was it was made in bogaria or Hungary or one of those and it was a first-class movie and i'm thinking that everybody's getting in on this because it is so International it's not travel. You have travel by way of movies. It's a great travelogue It's it's an exposure to you know, the culture the history of a given place And I and I believe that we have we've sort of gone to another chapter on european movies in the american market Um, but what about austria? It's austria watching only american movies now. It's austria watching european movies What is austria watching and what are you watching when you're in austria? We spend about every waking up watching soccer actually because there was the soccer championship But that put in time and my girls were very much into that So that would be 80 percent of my tv watching during the time we were there, uh, but certainly if you if you look at the Cable tv channels there there is a existence of preponderance probably of of american another sort of you know internationalized which is also another word for american type movie, but there's also a proud presence of older historical Nationally produced movies which austria had a bit of a tradition actually back in the 1950s 60s early 70s are producing What we would now partly call kitsch but kind of cute kitsch Movies usually historical movies usually comedies of that kind. They're playing routinely on tv People are actually watching those as well. They're kind of culturally relevant to Uh, and I I've absolutely believe I hope it will happen actually that european movies become more of an international You know item of sales not just something that you watch editor and you know offbeat Cultural event every once in a while or good good to come and see them there But something that actually people in cinemas would be watching on netflix and so on Uh, again, i'm not an expert in that field, but I think there's a few out there And austria has its famous expert christoph waltz, of course who made it into our mainstream american movies including some very good ones But there's more than that What about news about cable news for example, um, if if you're In salisbury can can you um look at msnbc? Can you look at cnn? Can you look at can you look at fox news if you want? You know, is that all available around europe? Oh, absolutely. Yeah, and then there's part of few european networks as well that out out there I mean from deutche velle bpc French national tv that broadcasts in english and other languages So if you want to you can see anything. There's a lot of local news as well that people watch quite a bit I think the news network still especially in modern and central europe is dominated by sort of the the official news stations which were initially government run, but now more You know balanced corporation. I have a legislative mandate of being balanced in many ways The the one difference that I always notice very clearly is there's a separation between the broadcasting of facts and the broadcasting of opinion Uh, I know when I grew up you could you could easily say that because you had one person who would Or two who would bring the news and tell the facts as again Facts are not absolutely objective But as neutral as possible And then another person would come on who was actually the designated opinion person And that person would then comment on the news So you could easily figure out now the station is giving me the facts or trying at least and now they're bringing their opinion Uh, and I think that is a is a still there to a certain extent I think it's a it's a helpful tool for people to actually Understand that facts sometimes need to be viewed as facts and also tested against other facts not just other opinions Acts are so important in any in any country that would claim to be a democracy, you know So before covid began, you know think tech was covering the migrant issue The migrant from the Middle East Central Asia the migrant issue from Africa or you know, especially sub-saharan Africa, but also northern Africa and You know, it was it was tragic, but it was also uplifting in the sense that angola merkel, you know could Welcome people and the country would be behind her in that. I miss her. I want you to know uh So So the question is uh, you know, I really we haven't covered it during covid not as much And I wonder how the migrants are doing. I wonder how the migrant issue is doing Are they still coming as the government permitting them or barring them? You know on the basis of covet or other considerations Uh political considerations if you will. Um, so how how are the migrants doing in austria, for example I would say the the covet emergency certainly prompted governments to use that as a as a tool for being a little bit less Well-coming and a little bit more restrictive Uh crossing the Mediterranean for instance has clearly done down in numbers There were still numbers coming and still terrible accidents with lots of people drowning boats capsizing and so on Uh, but I think covet was used in part to really curtail migration to a certain extent Uh, there was also the issue with of course the shengen area and the question of where people would have to apply for asylum ongoing discussions of course about especially this southeastern europe Uh, turkey now is has used the migrant issue in part as an organ and chip as well about Releasing or not releasing migrants into the european union the same goes for Belarusia and and and the ukraine in a certain extent so that that's certainly definitely a big issue out there I don't think migrants have benefited in any way from from covet. There was no increased sympathy There was no understanding that people can't be returned into countries that are much less equipped to deal with a global pandemic than what are currently So I think it's still the same problem as before Since you mentioned Angela Merkel, of course, who I think everybody appreciated the respective of political opinion just appreciated as a person And and there's a sentiment of sadness that she's leaving the political stage would of course the relatively open door policy Five six years in the past also cost was a bright wing backlash in germanium part When the afd the so-called alternative for germany party That made it into certain regional problems now and also the federal level Uh grew in support because of the perceived liberal open door policy So I think it all it always has Different kinds of effects whatever whatever you do Right that that crisis certainly was a defining moment for european many ways Yeah, well the migrant issue was a defining moment to change things maybe forever and now the What do you want to call it the The changes to that by covet That is also a defining moment for europe I think and now going forward it'll be sort of a A settlement of those two You know a moderate moderation in the middle somehow Well, let me let me you know whenever I come back to hawaii from a trip And I fly a fly into hawaii. I always have an emotional reaction about returning here Comparing the places I've been in the plate, you know in hawaii that I'm returning to and I wonder if I could ask you personally your You know impressions your reactions as you as you flew back to the united states from europe How did you feel landing back home again? It was certainly a positive emotion not only because I hadn't seen my parents for a while So there was there was the personal connection, but also coming back always is a is a good feeling As a dual citizen, I always feel at home in two countries. I Spread my love equally and I also spread my criticism equally When you don't live in a country, I think when you're away for a while you come back as a Very strong patriot, but a very critical patriot as well So that that's always my feeling both ways and wherever I go Um, would we would be I think what do you have in europe is a it's a very welcoming culture And that certainly was not affected by covid at all So when you when you land there and hawaii might be very similar to that You feel at home, even if it's not your home and and covid did not really distract from that So I think the the welcoming character of people is still there Uh, and and also don't believe that it turned into a massive anti european agenda So, um, I don't I don't think that you know the firebrands that there's sometimes saying there will be a german exit and the poland exit and whatever in the future Uh, I think probably brexit was a good thing for the eu like a wake up call to probably do something different But I don't see the euro skepticism being such a strong element As someone to make it appear including in the medium Thank you for that. That's that's important to know We're out of time professor and I I want to ask you one last question, you know To make sort of a closing summary Of how you feel international travel is doing And how you feel that it will be Going forward as we go forward it hopefully out of covid Can you talk about how It has affected international travel how it is affecting it and how it will affect international travel Well, I would say it has affected tremendously. I mean the international travel was down to a marginal percentage of what it had been before Uh, on the other hand, you know global travel is not just the thing of numbers It's also a question of quality And maybe it gives us a moment to pause and say what kind of global travel do we want in the future Do we've all be squeezed into a gigantic airplane together with 800 of our best friends? Uh, and you know after covid will breathe the the safest air in the world, but we Still feel as if we are sardines Or do we want to have options for more quality travel that might be a little less but a little better In certain ways. Do we just want to go to the places where everybody goes and just walk in a line and look at Compay or the old town of salzburg or do we want to do tourism in the sense of exploring countries? Which I think was the original idea of it And I don't know whether covid will help in this in this way and certainly has reduced numbers quite a bit Whether it has improved quality. I would be able to say Hopefully there's there's this effect in a way Because ultimately it will also improve the quality of the travel itself. I mean people who Who have a better experience might be much more It might be much more beneficial to them than if they go more frequently Uh, their experience might be better and their understanding might be better And one thing I think that we all need is is going out there into the world and trying to figure out what other people are thinking Uh and engaging with other cultures and other Opinions, right? We can't all live in a bubble Yeah Well, thank you professor alexander moreover. Thank you very much for coming around and and discussing your trip with us I can only say that I I wish I had been with you in between the soccer matches to take a two week Rather a two a two hour tour of salzburg Um, and I think if you do that, um, you can be and you are a renaissance man Thank you alexander Very much appreciated the pleasure as always. Thank you. Thank you


فَبُتْتُهُ آدَكَ الْأَيَّامُ فَتَّى وَتَنْهُ حرش حرف is a particle he said والحرف is a particle ما لا يصلح معه دليل اسمي it is anything that it's not befitting for it meaning it doesn't accept the signs of a noun nor a sign of a verb a particle anything that doesn't accept the sign of a noun and it will never enter it and the signs that enter a verb it won't enter it this is called a what that's called a حرف a particle it is called a particle والحرف a particle ما لا يصلح معه دليل اسمي ولا دليل الفعلي the signs of a noun and the signs of a verb both cannot enter it they are both cannot they both cannot enter it so here basically the sign of a حرف is what عدمية it has no sign بلي ذلك الحريري ملحة العراب بدره سي حريري لا الأخضري عبد الحمال الأخضري لا حريري the author of ملحة العراب حريري he said والحرف ما ليس له علامة فقس على ما أقوله تكون علامة حرف is anything that doesn't have a sign it doesn't have a sign and at the grammar they had a discussion how can something exist and not have a sign it exists but it doesn't have a sign how does it exist how do you identify it how do you know it that's something we're going to have to talk about later والحرف ما لا يصلح معه دليل اسمي ولا دليل الفعلي وأقوله now we're going to go into the speech of محمد محيدين عبد الحبيد he said وأقوله I will say which is the author of تحديد تحفة السنية he said وأقوله I will say يتميز الحرف عن أخويه الإسم والفعل بأنه لا يصلح بأنه لا يصلح الدخول علامة من علامات اسماء المتقدمة ولا غيرها عليه he said that the the the the the the distinguished from its two brothers the the distinguished it is categorized from the noun and the verb by what بأنه لا يصل لا يصلح that it is not correct دخول for it to enter it علامة a sign من علامات from the signs اسماء from the signs of the noun it can't enter it المتقدمة that before mentioned المتقدمة before mentioned which which we've previously spoken about ولا غيرها عليه and other than it كما just like لا يصلح لا يصلح الدخول علامة من علامات الأفعال the same way that it cannot enter it a sign from the signs of a verb cannot also enter a particle التي سبق بيانها which has preceded us clarify that سبق whereby we've spoken about it previously what have we spoken about we've spoken about the signs of a verb بيانها is clarification ولا غيرها عليه and other than it can't enter it ومثالو who example of a particle is من وهل ولم he chose three types of it to use it as example the word the first one is من the second one is what حل and the third one is what لم why did he choose these three or these three particles from all of the particles that he could have chosen each of these three signifies a category of the categories of a particle the particle حرف is divided into three حروف which are مشتريكة يشتريكو فين اسم والفعل it enters the verb it enters it enters اي اسم and it enters a verb there are حروف particles that enter a noun and they also enter these particles like the word حل the word حرف حل it enters onto a noun as much as it enters onto a verb the word لم is مختص بالأفعال it's specific for the verb it's specific the word لم it only enters onto a verb and the word مين the word مين is مختص بالأسماء it's specific for the noun it doesn't enter any other it doesn't enter a verb it only enters a noun so that's why he chose those three so the word مين is مختص بالأسماء the word حل is what مشتركة بين الأسماء والفعل and the word لم is what the word لم is مختص بالأفعال very good that's why he chose those three الشارح محمد محديل عبد الحميد هذه الكلمات الثلاثة these three letters or these three words هذه الكلمات الثلاثة حروف these three من هل ولم they are words which are particles they fall under the category of the حرف so you can't call من you can't call هل an اسم you can't call لم an اسم no can you call all three of them are verb they are what they are حروف they are particles لأنها why are they لأنها لا تقبلوا الأل because it does not except أل if the word مين you can't say and it won't accept it for you to say أل مين no not at all ولا تنوين and it doesn't accept تلوين you can't say مين مين منا you can't say that it doesn't accept it ولا يجوز وان it is also not befitting دخول حرف الخفض عليها حرف which is حروف الخفض cannot enter it so the sheikh then says فلا يصحوا أن تقول it is not correct for you to say أل مين ولا أن تقول for you to also say من ولا أن تقول إلى من you can't say that إلى من you can't say that وكذلك بقية الحروفي and you can do the same with all the other remaining particles all of them are the same من is only an example but all of them are like that they all won't accept أل they all won't accept تنوين they all won't accept حرف من حرف الخفض to go before it and what were the signs for those those were signs uniquely known for who they were signs uniquely known for now so now we realize that the حروف they don't accept the sign of a now we tried it on it and it won't وأيضاً also لا يصحوا أن تدخل عليه السين سين cannot enter حروف الخفض ولا صوفة and also صوفة doesn't enter حروف الخفض ولا تاء التقنية الساكنة and also تاء التقنية الساكنة they enter حرف ولا قد and also قد doesn't go ولا غيرها other than it مما هو علامات على أن الكريمة فعلون also the signs that indicate that this word is a verb those signs they don't enter it so all of the signs that we've taken from the noun if we try it on a حرف we realize that it doesn't accept it we tried also the place in it حروف علامات الفعل the signs known for the verb on to a حرف it also doesn't accept it so what became clear to us it became clear to us that a حرف does not accept the signs of a noun and it also does not accept the signs of a theb it doesn't تمرين ونأكسسيس تمرين ونأكسسيس ضأ place كل كلمة in every word من الكلامات الاتيتي in the upcoming words في كلام مفيد in a in a complete sentence يحصر السكوت عليه the person who you're speaking to will become silent a sentence which is complete so why is he saying to his sentence which is complete because you studied what it means كلام is what هو لفظ المركب المفيد بالوضع صحيح so it has to be a complete sentence so he wants a sentence like that and the words are نخلط palm tree I'm a date tree الفيل elephant يناموا sleeps فهما he understood الحديقة God our park الأرض the earth الماء water يأكل he's eating يأكل is he's eating أثمر is the crops الفاكه is the fruits يحصد is to reap or to harvest يذاكر is to revise يذاكر is to revise that's the first exercise the second exercise is ضع في المكان الخالي place in the empty spot من كل من كل من كل مثال in every sorry من كل مثال in every example من الأمثلة الأاتية in the upcoming examples كلمة place A place A word يتيم بها المعنى in which the sentence will become complete وبيم and clarify بعد ذلك after that عدد أجزاء كل مثال the number of every example ونوع كل جزء and also the type of every every one of it the type of all of them so the word يحفظ الدرسة يحفظ الدرسة memorize the lesson الثور الثور الأرض you placed so the word يحفظ الدرسة you place in between it what the correct word the word الثور الأرض the word before it you place a word I'm not going to explain it to you because if I do then that gives you guys the the answer I don't want to if there's a strange word we'll explain it يسبح في النهري the word يسبح is to swim تسير في البحار تسير do you guys know what تسير is to sayo sayo ير and في البحار يرتفع في الجو is the snow يكثر ببلاد مصرأ that is known الوالد على ابنائه الوالد على ابنائه الوالد المؤدب مؤدب is manad السمك في المائي علي الزهرة that's what known بين الأفعال الماضية clarify the past verb والأفعال المضارعة and the present verb وأفعال الأمر and the verbs which are commands so you have to clarify which is the past verb present verb or the future verb or the command verb والأسماء and also those which are nouns والحروف and those which are particles من العبارات آتية in the upcoming sentences ما جعل الله لي رجلي من قلبيني في جوفي so you're going to look at each one and you're going to say particle verb noun and then if it's a verb you say which type of verb is past present future okay يحرص العاقل على رضا ربه إحروف لدنياك كأنك تعيشوا أبدا so يحرص العاقل the smart one he strives to pleasing his Lord يحرص العاقل the smart one he strives على رضا ربه pleasing his Lord حرث حرث is to what حرث is when a person he plants the seeds plant the seeds in his dunya as though you're going to live forever يسع الفتاة لأمور ليس يدركها he strives the young boy to matters which he doesn't comprehend it لن تدرك المجدى حتى تلعق الصبرا you're never going to reach honor until you attach yourself to it and you gain patience ان تصدق تصد if you tell the truth you these are these are words which are taken from wise arab sayings قد أفلح and of course the statement speeches of Allah قد أفلح من زكاة وقد خاب من دساها all of these are what all of these you have to bring out those which are those which are those which are those which are those which are those which are those which are each one you bring it up and I will check that بذن الله الكريم we have now finished we have now finished we've finished كلام and it's three types the author now is going to go into باب الإعرابي but then I now move on to the core essence of grammar إعراب إعراب brother's means so this chapter is the introduction is over now that was the introduction this is where the book starts from باب الإعرابي إعراب means grammatical analysis it's to grammatically grammatically analyze words that's what إعراب means باب الإعرابي the chapter of grammatically analyzing words الإعراب to grammatically analyze a word means what does it mean when we say إعراب we're going to grammatically analyze the word what does that mean it means it is the changing that occurs at the ending of the word it is the changing that occurs at the ending of the word why لختلاف العوام للداخلة عليها it is the changing that occurs at the ending of the word because of the factors changing it every different situation that it goes in or every different factors and external factors that enter on to it they change it لفظا أو تقديرا and that changing is either explicit or implicit it is either explicit we can see it or it's implicit okay so this is what the word إعراب means إعراب here هو تغيير أواخر الكليمي لاختلاف العوام للداخلة عليها لفظا أو تقديرا you just have to understand from this just three things first of all it is changing that occurs in the ending of the word pay attention one it is changing إعراب means three things that's it based on إبن أجر رومs definition first it is there are changing that is occurring from the ending of the word so we're not going to look at the middle or the front that's not our job we're studying a grammar book the grammar they only analyze the ending of the word the ending of the word one so it is the changing that occurs at the ending of the the word the second thing is the factors that change it from situation to situation so this word goes through it goes into sentences and every sentence because it is changing from one situation to another observing it is also what grammarians do I'll give you guys an example for example جاء زيدن جاء just keep paying attention to the word زيدن look at that name زيدن and look at the last ending of it when I pronounce it جاء زيدن good رأيت زيدن مرار to be زيدن زيدن has changed in every situation the grammarians are going to look at the ending of the word زيدن so they're going to say جاء زيدن دم دال هيا it is مرفوح رأيت زيدن زيدن here is منصوب مرار to be زيدن here it is مجروف why the changing has occurred at the ending of the word زيدن حالة الرفع والنصب والجري it changed the changing is the ending of the word جاء زيدن زاء and the ياء haven't changed what's changing is the دال and that's what we observe we don't care about even if the زاء and the ياء change we don't care our concern is the ending of the word زيدن جاء زيدن رأيت زيدن مرار to be زيدن so the grammar they were looking at the end and they see that they automatically know something's happening here good automatically the changing of the ending of the word the second thing was what each place that زيد is in one time it was the subject which is the first one جاء زيدن who did the coming زيد came so زيد is the subject he's the one who is doing the verb the action of coming in good the second one it's an object the action that the subject is doing it's happening on زيد which is I I am the one who رأيت is I saw so صور is a verb and the one who saw it's me who did this seeing occur on the object is who here زيد so زيد when it was a subject and when it was a subject and when it was a object it changed from its grammatical position it changes and then the last one was what there was a particle before it which was the verb and we took before these particles whenever they go before a noun they change it to a جر and we're going to see that even more Insha'Allah


Okay, very good morning Tuesday 11th of February. I hope everyone is doing well Just to go over then a few things an update on the virus It's quite interesting of course to see that despite again the media still kind of pushing the narrative Stop markets don't care S&P record high last night down up 174 points this coming of course after a little bit of nervousness you can almost sense in the In the market and initially at the beginning of the reopening of trade on Sunday night deaths have indeed crossed now a thousand obviously the severity now as we mentioned yesterday having superseded SARS virus But once again, it's kind of the context is key and and what is it that markets are looking at and as I mentioned Despite these increasing numbers and still a lot of media attention attention on this subject of Of the 11 major sectors and the S&P 500 yesterday all but energy ended in the black Technology consumer discretionary shares Usually those most sensitive to downside in a risk-off type atmosphere were the best performing So all of those big major tech firms as you had imagined led the way higher posting their large the largest percentage gains on the breakdown That consequently leading over into the Asia Pacific session So Hong Kong South Korea up around a percent Chinese shares now posting their sixth day of advances obviously getting a little bit of a boost as well generally from the Return in a somewhat soft fashion to some workers in the mainland and then Japan overnight was closed Just as a reference point. So generally is a kind of fed through the age in session So US index features still reside up at higher levels but largely I think for European equities It's kind of a Pick up and let's just review of where we are at the moment now Let's just switch over to the DAX Kind of carrying on or passing in the baton almost from the Wall Street close to Asia to Europe The DAX as I speak is at session highs got about 130 point gain this morning a couple of individual movers there Deutsche telecom I was catching some news this morning updates in regards to sprint and T mobile deal But they're up about 4% out of the out of the gate And then if you look at Daimler, this is a sort of counter-intuitive news that you get with stocks Is that Daimler slashed its dividend following a profit warning the shares up three and a half percent? now the idea here being that you know sometimes, you know if you've got like a Let's say a slight infection better to cut your arm off and just Start from fresh and the aggressiveness of the way of which they've been looking to just kind of Batten down the hatches so to speak seemingly being met greeted positively by investors We're talking a lot about large-scale job cuts. They've cut their dividend to 90 euro cents a share After their 2019 earnings more than halved I think their previous dividend was up in the three euro range Restructuring legal charges the third-profit warning now for what is still actually a relatively new CEO So the market's looking at this as you know, aggressive restructuring as a positive for the company to secure It's more long-term prospects in that sense, but yeah So overall looking at the market this morning Red Chevy up beats a gold down about 10 bucks T notes down 13 and a half And that's a pretty pretty punchy move for this time in the morning So basically it's just grinded lower all the way into the clothes on Wall Street Kind of drifted south and then a bit more weight come in as as European participants have come into the market And you can see the US tenure just finding some natural resistance and it's s one which also just coincides then with the Double-bottom test that we had towards the end of yesterday's session. So Yeah, just having a look elsewhere oil price is pretty steady currency markets Reflecting relatively flat conditions in the majors in terms of euro and cable Both sitting below their pivot at the moment Obviously some UK data coming out in a short while on the GDP front the Aussie Let's just have a look just given the general Moderate risk appetite observed overnight in the Asia Pacific region So the Aussie up a touch just finding a bit of support in the futures on the break above It's our one in the overnight session seen up about 28 pips Just reflecting that general positive Asia equity performance as well Let's get straight into some headlines then Few things that we're looking out for today One is Fed share power Like to give Congress a largely positive economic update. So you'll remember This is part of the kind of two-day event in Congress So he speaks to the House Financial Services Committee today and then the Senate Banking Committee Tomorrow and this is the big one because Largely what he says to the house. He'll repeat to the Senate. So once the market has already Digested what's been said today There's no impact on Wednesday's one. So today in terms of what we're expecting Largely looking for a repeat that economic fundamentals in the US are a sound and that a quote Material change is the words that they've been using recently is required in order to shift that view likelihood as well, he's going to be questioned a lot by the various members of Congress on the coronavirus of course, but as per what he said in the recent press conference In the Fed decision it's kind of too early really to tell of the or quantify the impact of that And so generally just observing those trends and the impact it could have on the global economy Later on down the line to make that judgment So largely brushed off on that point yesterday. We did have the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco president Daily speak said on Monday US economy and policy were in a good place A non-voter is daily kind of centered dovish in that respect But I think that generally is the kind of thing that will be reiterated today policies in the right place Generally, I'd say a relatively upbeat tone. You can expect from Jerome Powell Irrespective of this kind of ongoing Concern about the implications of the the spreading of the virus Because underlying this as well, of course member last week generally a Decent set of economic numbers across a variety of different measurements And that's going to come as some welcome relief for the for the US economy at the moment timings wise What time is this happening? Well? 130 the testimony is released The House Financial Services Committee then begins at three. So usually the way this works is the accredited financial newswires like Bloomberg Reuters or raffinative as they're known these days They will have the text and they will snap all the comments. So we get a whole flutter of headlines and then subsequently a little bit of Volatility across asset classes at 130 and then the actual Event begins at three but remember three when he reads out the statement is just a reiteration of this The text we've already seen and then he gets questioned by politicians literally for hours and hours When it goes on a long time Largely, it's used as a bit of a staging post for politicians to just kind of criticize the Fed In regards to their managing of the economy and it's it's not really apart from that first part Much market moving in terms of the Q&A the questions, you know being as kind as I can be They're not particularly sophisticated questions that the politicians put at him from a potential They're not on effect to how short-term markets might react Yeah, that that's the the deal with power and then looking at the calendar for today quite a lot of UK economic data coming out Now at 9 30 you've got a whole cluster of information What I'm looking at here as a chart of the recent readings for a gross domestic product GDP in the UK and a month-a-month reading and they're looking at the three months from three months reading with the blue line and The blue line being forecast and the red here bar being what is the street estimate for the reading for today? So for the headline preliminary Q4 UK GDP it is expected to come in at 0.2% which would be a bit of a bounce back from the negative 0.3 that we had Previous to that now one thing of course is the UK economy then getting a bit of a modest pickup following the emphatic win of Boris Johnson's Conservative party at the yet the election at the end of last year and that's largely to be reflective in In this figure today This figure alone though, you know, is this the saving grace now for Boris and the Tories I'd say not Because if you think about it, this is growth data dating back to the end of last year The markets are very much more forward-looking and we're now in almost the middle of February so it's quite dated and Despite the initial kind of relief little bump that we've had in data I do expect that to materially weaken over the coming months as generally The focus and for from a pound movement point of view moves back to politics and Brexit As what we're seeing at the moment. We're kind of on a bit of a standoff On the negotiation front and I'd expect that to be the case to continue for a number of months And that will put the pressure back on the no deal and subsequently more emphasis on the on the political side of things and Subsequently the economic data should then re weakened once again So I wouldn't get too head up in this GDP number if it is an upside print again the expectations are for growth of point two percent so to avert this kind of Technical recession type situation of two negative prints back to back Alongside that you do get the manufacturing industrial output numbers and also the trade balance figures coming out the UK It's all coming out at 9 30, but I'll be here to cover that with you guys at the time of release Looking at the calendar what else have we got So as you can see the UK numbers really dominate the releases here And that's pretty much it for the morning going into the US afternoon equally is quite quiet And in fact other than the API weekly crude inventories really its speakers now Let me just blow this up so you can See this a bit more clear So London times here on the left-hand side. So you've got all in the afternoon So nothing in the morning. You've got Bank of England's cunliffe. So let's focus with the Bank of England first cunliffe Well actually look you've got the calendar here is put Carney, but I Think there's changed now. So obviously Andrew Bailey Stepping in but then you've got Bank of England's Haskell So a couple of Bank of England speakers to be on the look out for and as they've got here Haskell was a dissenter and a leaning dove Cunliffe tends to sit more in the center in that respect You've then got Christine Lagarde speaking on the presentation of the ECB's annual report in European Parliament at 2 o'clock You've then got the main headline event which is drawing power for this afternoon giving the semi-annual testimony to the house and then you've got couple of others ECB economist Lane ECB's Schnabel now not sure if you're aware, but just as an update I don't think what Isabelle Schnabel is gonna say is gonna be particularly important But there has been a slight change as of the beginning of 2020 So just so you're all on point Fabio Panetta a long time serving Italian economist is now on the executive board So you remember the structure on the ECB you have the executive board that sit there at the top and then the heads of the various different national central banks The other addition then onto the executive board has been Isabelle Schnabel who is speaking later on this afternoon now. She is basically a lifelong academic From as you can see here various different German educational institutions the executive board when they speak generally Keep their cards fairly close to their chest. They tend to be relatively aligned with Christine Lagarde So it's not like hearing from Jens Weidmann this chap down here for example, but just to cover off our bases So, yeah, that that is pretty much it Kashkari is speaking. He's kind of a big dove That's going to be later on in the if you're sticking around You've got a three-year note auction coming out the US Treasury for 38 billion In terms of earnings out of the US nothing kind of from an index traders point of view really to look out for too much So really the afternoon dominated by the Powell speech, but again as I said not expecting real Ground-breaking comments out of him to be to be honest with you. All right I'm gonna leave it at that hand you over to Sam. I wish you guys a good day ahead and I'll see you in the chat Thanks very much. Hi guys. Good morning. Hope we all good had good weekends and Monday See quite quite a quiet one yesterday. So if you're just joining us not too surprised Historically, I would say I've very very rarely trade a Monday after Non-farm perils, but I did yesterday evening finally getting into a trade But just having a look here before we go over to that trade the S&P It's looking at the DAX likely here to push on and and make its new all-time high Let's have a quick look at it's that on the daily just to confirm there You've got the the high that we had back on the 22nd of January And we're not far away from hitting that good start from the open found some support on the Asian session lower around 315 and we're just trying to get above there Now to keep a watch on that probably have a bit of profit taking for the course then the opportunity comes while the volume is there that If the market does push on it could drag the others Over in the states with it as well So the DAX is pushing on we'll have a little review of that later on just to see how we reacted to that high yesterday the S&P obviously pushed higher from cash open and then Did give the opportunity to get back in albeit later on in the day once we had broken Above this trend line which had been from the the all-time high We came back it did take a while and then 530 you can see price came in and then has pushed on since then and supported Simile just near those lows that we had from earlier on in the session one while the DAX is pushing You might get a further follow-through here for US stocks but really nice opportunity here on the break of that trend price came back and Yeah around 530 came in I know a lot of the guys in house were looking to take this on Just around four o'clock before we wrapped it for the day. So Yeah, unfortunately not to get in that for them, but you know well spotted and still a good trade idea the pound today Of course, we got the the GDP 930 and the speakers as well. So probably a busy day For cable in terms of price movement and we're just drift in lower the last two Bank of England meetings have had incredible volume 1159 we know data releases are Usually or it seems at least leaked to some parts. So it'd be interesting to see what happens over the next hour or so and Most importantly maybe the first 15 minutes after 9 o'clock To give us a cue for perhaps where this What this data release could do and how it could come out if we have a look on the daily chart? And it's obviously not really going to want to position yourself into a Trade now, but we have still closed below these areas of support depending where you have them yesterday So we had quite a nice push really from around about now Until the afternoon, but we still finished low Lower than the support level. So from a technical perspective I still think there could well be a bit of downside could this data really change the overall outcome for this market For the week probably not speakers perhaps could So I'd still favor a move to 128 on that the euro Is of course here now on this daily chart? You can see another decent push lower yesterday We're trading on levels not seen since last year September time And then the talk starts coming in again about filling That gap from or Macron's gap shall we call it? Another bad day and and that could come relatively quickly, of course Around about here the low that we had on that Monday after the first round French elections 108 47 and a half in the futures could be a decent target to have but it is big support here so Trade it at your your peril perhaps waiting for a bit of confirmation. It is a key level Of course, you know the last two times we've been at this point We've reversed quite nicely and of course we haven't come back here since the first of October last year looking at a market That perhaps might have a better chance of recovering From similar levels and this could be of course what you're looking for in the euro If you like the longs is the the sort of false break of some previous areas of support here in the Aussie dollar We did test it of course last week the RBA keeping rates on hold at 0.75 and that pushed us higher Low then decided to come out and not say anything too positive and we drifted back down along with some dollar strength But we did False break these lows yesterday and confirmed a push back above and we've had a decent start to proceedings today I just be aware and I'm just gonna put this on the 60 minute now You're just coming into an area where you know the balls would have really liked to have taken over and they Haven't quite yet We are now trading back on the high of yesterday afternoon So this is another key point as well for that Aussie, but if you're a euro ball And you're looking for a similar kind of trade You know, this is probably what you would want to see maybe that false break price come back in and then to that level And then you can push on to the upside However, Twitter would tell you that this markets going lower and lower But of course Twitter has been wrong many times just like with the greatest bull run in history Another market near those lows. Let's have a look at oil So a lot of these these mark me if you like a rain strain you like good risk reward I mean these are opportunities that surely you've got to be looking at For oil what's going to make you want to pull that trigger to get long Probably something fundamental to change, you know, maybe the confirmation of a The OPEC cup or something deeper in the rumors. I think if we can get above I mean, I know you'd be late to the party obviously 52 bucks and and change here This is a key level. You'd be more confident. You can see we we've rejected that the last time we came up on on the 6th but it's a key zone as we know and You know, if we can maybe close the day back above 50 36, which is obviously a key level support going back to this time last year And a bit, you know from the the summer You could be perhaps a bit more confident on that just below where we're trading, of course These are the levels that I would be aware of 47 87 and 48 dollars That will still be a target for anyone that is sure on breaks of these levels or any Retracements back to 52 where they got in But you know time will tell for oil I think we could well be looking back and seeing price higher up is just how low does it have to go before that happens? Gold let's have a quick look as Ant said just drifted down this morning following some nice risk on in Asian trade and Following last night as well. Let's have a quick look to see if a trendliners Is worth having on here? Really lovely lovely This is the the one we had on yesterday We were saying well this if this breaks you could have a decent opportunity Unfortunately, that would have been at 2 a.m. Or 7 a.m. On the retracement of that target And then the low of the days have a quick look and I mean you can't really get much better than that Artwork I might frame it on my on my wall for that lovely trade And also you could argue a bit of those previous lows as well So for gold there's your line in the sand albeit diagonally to the upside that I would want to keep an eye on the lows as we're Traded just recently also from the 7th Just probably now worth moving this line down and call it a bit of a zone around 1569 That's obviously we want that to go for an extra leg lower probably worth keeping an eye on what stocks do If stocks continue to push higher then we could of course come lower. We were in a situation yesterday where You know it's important to realize there's good times to trade and bad times to trade Monday after non-farm payrolls usually not that great and yesterday you saw that correlation wise You had a strong dollar, but gold was going higher and stocks were going higher. It doesn't really make too much sense And you know this morning, okay, we got a nice little data card But historically as well that Monday Tuesday non-farm payrolls are always relatively quite quiet But for gold it's stuck in this little range now good trade earlier If you took it on, you know, why do you really want to get too much involved again unless it breaks that low? Perhaps quick look over that dexter to wrap it and so we get the high not quite But keep a watch on that on the future's 13 638 0.7 give or take And of course if we were to just to drift lower now, you've got those previous highs of the day around 13 600 so keep a watch on that as well UK data in One hour to the minute. I hope you will have a good trading session and a good day and I'll catch you all in the