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Here we are in outward custom zero homepage going into the company file we set up in a prior presentation that being get great guitars we're going to duplicate some tabs to put reports in like we do every time right click in the tab up top so we can duplicate it we're going to right click the tab up top again so we can once again duplicate it back to the tab to the middle we're going to go to the accounting drop down open up the balance sheet report and then tabbing to the right and accounting drop down and we set up instead of just the normal income statement that comparative income statement if you don't have that set up you can just open the normal income statement the comparative income statement we set up is just comparing the first month January of operations and now we're working on the second month and then taking the difference or change between the two going to the tab to the middle we're going to then hit the drop down on the dates and customize those dates bringing it on up to two thousand twenty three the end of two thousand twenty three and update it okay so let's go back to the income statement and think about what would happen if we wanted to do some different categorizations and if we wanted to do something like clean up some of the accounts on the the general ledger types of accounts so now that we started to do some data input we can see the accounts that we are using and we've been looking at the strategy when we do the first month of data input of first as we do the input and we add accounts we ask is there an account already set up by zero by default when we're adding our items or transactions if there is well typically use that account if there's not an account there then is there one that's named similar that would work and then we can go into the chart of account and just change the name if not then we can add a new account has been our general strategy now after a few months of data input if you go into your chart of accounts and you see that there's still a lot of accounts that you are not using you might decide to make them inactive so that it'll be a little bit easier to search around with the data inputs that's one thing to consider another thing we want to do here is just to look at this interest expense and say what would happen if I wanted to re-categorize the interest expense from an expense down to something like the other income and expenses down below so that it is reported down here we can do that generally we can change that account category and it shouldn't like throw us out of balance or anything it should hopefully take all the transactions that we had an interest expense and just move the whole thing to a new location adjusting the books accordingly and in this case bringing it down to the other income and expenses now note the rationale for doing this on an income statement is the same as we saw here with the gains on sales investment you might want to look at this subtotal for the operating income as something that's normal towards normal operation and I'm not going to get into generally accepted accounting principles on it although these touch on generally accepted you know like accounting principles ideas right so the idea would be I would like to have my operating income here be from normal type of operations and then put down below those kinds of things that are not you know normal kind of operation types of things and that way it might be easier to use that income statement for projections out into the future so for example this item down here gains and losses on sales of investment or if there were unrealized gains on on sales of investments I wouldn't want to put that up top but rather down below because that's not our principal form of income that just happens to be some investments that we put on the books but it's not what we do to generate revenue we just had some extra cash that we want to spend in the future so we part some of it in an investment therefore I don't expect this to be repetitive into the future and that's why we would maybe put it down here so so we can have this subtotal which is something that we expect to be kind of projecting or something that would be repetitive and an easier to project with the interest it's the same kind of thing the interest is only there because we're financing the business if we didn't have to if we didn't have to take out this loan that we had on our books on them on the on the balance sheet in order to buy the equipment and the inventory we wouldn't have any interest here so you might think of it as a normal kind of operation because the interest will be kind of consistent going forward if the loan terms are fairly consistent but you can also think about it as something that that is not really part of your normal operations if somehow you can pay off the financing then you won't have interest expense so you might say hey look I want to pull the interest expense down here so that I can see my reports without the financing charges pure you know performance report without the financing and then maybe have the financing down here so let's use that as an idea and see if we can move this interest expense so let's go to the tab first tab we're going to go into our chart of accounts which is in the accounting drop down and go into the chart of the accounts and we can look for that interest expense now zero has a pretty neat thing where they where they list your assets so you can go here in all of the accounts and scroll down to your interest but you can also go to your expenses tab and now you it's a little bit less scrolling work hopefully to scroll down and find our interest categories so I think that's pretty neat so then we're going to go into the interest here so we can check that out and here's the info so now we're going to see if we can change it from an expense up top to notice it doesn't have an other expense up top here but it does have the other revenue and so what that'll do is it'll make it a contra revenue account and it'll show in that actually it's not an I kind of like to have just one either other revenue or other expenses so I don't have two subcategories down below so let's put it into there let's see what happens here changing the account type will affect your non-published reports with okay so I'm going to go ahead okay that's cool because it should move it up for us and so now we put that into the income side let's go back to the income statement and check it out so if I update this and see k-passo cone the interest so then it put it down here into other income and expenses and so now we have this one category which I kind of like because you can also think of it as if you put it into other expenses then you would have this extra subtotal just for other income and then another subtotal for other expenses but this way what happens is now you've just got this one subtotal it's called it's called other income slash expenses which is kind of nice and it groups both of them in there and the interest expense portion is going to be a negative number and if it's income it's going to be a positive number and you can see how that works from just a logistic standpoint from the software because it's an expense you know and it's and I'm sorry it's listed as an income account so it's kind of like a negative income account so that's why it comes in as a negative number so so now the general idea would be that we've got this net operating income and then the expenses are going to be decreased and then the incomes going to be increased and then you get to your bottom line net income which includes the other income and expense items now so that's the general idea there now if I go back to this first tab just note that after if I go into my expenses is the main category that this is applicable to notice that zero is actually a lot better in some ways I think in not just overwhelming you with too many accounts when you first set up your your chart of accounts and you set up your software they give you kind of what you need whereas some other software namely QuickBooks Online at this point at least gives you a massive amount of accounts no matter what industry you choose and then you have to kind of go in here and delete or or clean up your accounts so notice you have not too many accounts to deal with here but you still might go in and say okay after one or two months of data input are there any of these accounts that I'm not using and then possibly remove them or make them inactive so purchase discount we haven't used that yet I won't delete all of them yet but just to get an idea subcontractors you know we haven't used that at this point in time so again you might take some of these and say I'd like to remove them and there's nothing in it yet so we should be able to delete it at this point otherwise you can archive it either way so if there was already something posted to it then you you would need to archive it because you can't delete the account because you're gonna have something in it already but if you haven't posted anything to it then possibly we could just delete it you have selected one account this account will be removed from the contacts using it as a default account so I'm gonna say okay and boom right so we could go through these some of these like automobile that's the business license dues and subscription equipment rental we haven't used that one but maybe we'll use it meals and entertainment insurance professional fees reimbursement expense so we haven't maybe we don't do reimbursement expenses right we might say maybe I'll get rid of that one wages and salaries so if you don't have payroll then obviously mileage reimbursement maybe we're not doing reimbursement of miles so maybe we say I can remove that let's leave it there because I might test out some mileage stuff later though utilities telephone bad debt so so if you're not dealing with accounts receivable you might not have any bad debt depreciation miscellaneous other expenses so most of these accounts it's not too long of a list which I basically like that they didn't just bombard us with a ton of stuff there so I'm just gonna say but you could still go through here and delete the ones you're not using so that when you go into the data input forms and you go into the accounts you don't get this massive list of accounts most of which are not accounts that you need and you could of course do the same for all the other categories but I find that zeroes pretty pretty nice anything that doesn't have a zero in it you can look at employee advance so maybe you're not giving employees advances I could say up now employees don't get advances vendor vendor deposit then we've got vehicles less so pretty pretty lean on the accounts which I again I've I approve of that so I'll just delete that one and then on the liability side accounts payable gifts federal liabilities pretty pretty good lean and mean equity is another area where on some of my quickbooks online for example they give you a ton of equity accounts that are trying to accommodate every kind of thing that you might do like give yourself personal expenses or if you were a partnership versus a sole proprietorship versus a corporation and this and then draws and and dividends and stuff so that's overwhelming to me I think and so I think that this is nice lean equity accounts and we add to it as we go so it's not bogging us down so that I appreciate and so that's the general idea so we've just reallocated this income account now be careful where where you do that obviously if you're just moving it from like an expense account to somewhere else on the income statement then it's gonna have a similar impact if you're trying to change something from an income statement account to a balance sheet account you know that's gonna have a longer term effect because the balance sheet accounts are permanent accounts and the income statement accounts are temporary or timing accounts so just be aware of that I'm not gonna run the trial balance again because we haven't really done anything different we just moved this number here from this categorization grouping down to this categorization grouping


Now that you've done it once, what's the challenge of taking a team into Foxborough and trying to deal with all the tradition and history that's there and keeping your team focused? Well, obviously the tradition and history is not going to win or lose the game for anybody. I think we all know where the banners are, the success that that organization has had over the last 20 years. But I think that what will win or lose the game is playing sound, fundamental football, taking care of the football, penalties, playing with great technique. That's really what they've done. It's been impressive the last five weeks. Mike, what do you think has made Mac Jones such an effective quarterback so early in his career? Well, I mean, I think that he's well coached. I think he's talented. I think he's really got a great grasp of their offense. They've been able to run the football, playing on short fields lately, not taking a ton of chances. I mean, I think when it's there down the field, he's been accurate, but they've just been playing very complimentary. The play action game set up very well. Protection has been what you would expect it to be. And I think that's really what the product is from what I've seen. Can it be harder to get into and stay in a rhythm with running backs in the running game when there's three guys dividing the carries evenly as opposed to one guy having the line share? I've never played running back. I don't know. All we can do is be ready to go when our numbers called. That's the situation that we're in. And I'm sure we could look around the league and see the teams and the different scenarios that run the football with other guys. You know, Tampa Bay ran it for 120. I'm sure that they ran Fournet. I'm sure that they ran Ronald Jones. So hopefully we can block when we call the runs. And that whoever the running back is in the game can execute it and make good cuts and break a few tackles and take care of the ball.  What kind of makes that difficult to game play for them? What do they do so well? The opt-outs? No, the players that are playing for them now. Oh, I mean, they're good players. So they're very good upfront with the technique, the technique in which they play the linebackers are physical, the guys on the edge.  They ask him to cover and then set the edge. So secondary is physical, reroute players. And they're taking advantage of overthrows or taking advantage of mistakes by the opposing offenses. How do you make the timing work this week with the guys in on game planning today? How do you make the game planning timing work? Today will be first and second down. Tomorrow will be first, second, and third. Friday will be third down and move the field. What did you guys do all of that for you? If you had a long night last night? I mean, I think we kind of knew what the schedule was going to be. Thanksgiving has been on a calendar for a while. So I did my best to let everybody know what the schedule was going to be. And that's kind of how we went with it. I've seen, I mean, Nick Westbrook, Keynes' success grow. I mean, confidence grow. And how's the confidence in him kind of growing along the way? Sure. We've always had confidence in Nick. I think he's, you know, developed. I think he, you know, when you catch a lot of footballs, which he does, and going in towards the middle of the field, that has a, there's a lot of trust there that the quarterback is going to put the ball where it needs to be, that he's going to catch it. And there's usually going to be contact, you know, after that. So that's something that Nick has done a nice job with. He blocks for us. He plays on special teams, he knows multiple positions. So those types of players are very valuable to a team. And, you know, I think, again, he probably built some of that confidence gym on special teams.  You remember that? And two guys holding them up.  And I think that that kind of started it. But we've mentioned this before where guys, you know, start to build some confidence in this league as a young player on special teams. What can Des do maybe in a week if he knows he's got more of a role as opposed to stepping in as a, in relief? What can Des do? Des can just be ready to go, be ready to be prepared, you know, for multiple coverages, be prepared in practice for contact down the field, be ready to block when he's supposed to block. Same thing we'd ask everybody to be ready to do. Earlier in the season after a game where the offense had a few turnovers, however, you dedicated a period of practice to sort of working through those things and emphasizing that. Do you do anything similar this way?  It was the additional time.  And, but that's not something that we just do as a reaction. Luke, we're doing it every day. It was just that that particular week, we probably added, you know, eight to 10 more minutes of it. Which is Hollister's experience factor into bringing him back and, you know, does he take much, does he need much tune and up if he was to be called upon or how do things work? Well, we've had Cody, you know, with us for a while. We've always liked his versatility, you know, his toughness, his ability to play on special teams, his ability to learn multiple positions, you know, very similar to Nick in their play strength and their size. And he's always been, you know, watching him compete on the practice squad and in the show team. Excuse me. It just was that he wasn't ready to go up until this point. Dr. Hillier, show you in the last game to kind of inspire more confidence from you guys and him. Yeah, you know, speed and he didn't hit the runs. He hit with a burst and, you know, was able to function in there in a very, you know, uncomfortable setting of, you know, all of a sudden he's learning the third down. He's learning the two minute. And then now, you know, the second half turns into somewhat of a two minute game. And he handled that and he jumped in there and returned kicks for us too. So, you know, we'll keep working with Don Trell. Some of the guys, they go to like outside wellness shops or recovery shops. How do you approach that? Like, is that something that you welcome for them to, you know, take that extra effort to, especially in the midst of all the injuries you guys are dealing with? Yeah. I'll say this. I'm open to doing whatever is going to make our players feel better. I really am. I believe I have the utmost confidence in what we're doing here and our staff. I tell that to the players. We ask that, you know, they kind of let us know who they go to because if they're that good, then we should hire them. You know, they should be here helping the rest of them. So, we are aware of all those, most of them, I would say, to communication with Todd, myself, Frank, John. But it's real. You know, I mean, it's just like everybody's got a trainer now. Everybody's got somebody that, yeah, they've all got them. And so, you know, it's just kind of part of what the life of the NFL is with the different seasons and the people that they feel comfortable with in the off season. We share with them their right to a second medical opinion. I mean, I've been through all this as a player. So, you know, it's not like it's new for me, but we just ask that there's a line of communication so that if we're doing a treatment, that maybe there's not some sort of treatment that would be in any way negative or counterproductive to what we were doing. So, that's kind of how we handle that. That focus on recovery, is that something that has really evolved since your days of being in that same position where you need to, you know, do things to be able to get on the field consistently? I mean, I think just technology and science has changed, you know, so much. You know, there wasn't PRP, you know, injections and things that helped heal muscle or any of the other things. So, that's certainly something that's new. There's a lot of things that have changed since I played.  There's a lot of those guys, John. So, I would hate to stop the list at Roger and Ben, but, you know, I think that those guys being north of 30 and the position that they play, you know, those are two good guys to start with, but very conscious of the rest of the guys as well, you know, that are doing it, that are far less than a hundred percent. The old curmudgeons earn a little bit more credit because of their age, like you said. Do the old guys get a little... What's curmudgeon? That's what me and Kowarski are often called, curmudgeons. Don't reference Kowarski. That's what, is that like old? A grumpy old man. Well, then, yeah, you can say. We're just trying to do whatever we can do to get these guys ready to go each and every Sunday, look at the, how they feel, talk to them, see what the practice schedule should look like and treatment and recovery, you know, lifting, you know, those guys all and everybody does a great job of trying to get right every week. Your no excuses, next man up kind of approach come from your days in New England, what you kind of learned playing under...  So, you know, again, you have good experiences throughout life, you try to take some of those things with you as you move on. I mentioned the confidence that Nick gained with playing a special team, you've talked about Monty Rice with that too. For someone like Dylan Radins, who isn't going to be, you know, running down, covering kicks, I'm curious, is there any kind of equivalent chance to get that confidence or, I guess, impress? Yeah, or an improve, you know, and that's, you know, I think Luke, you know, that's a great question and that's something that I've been trying to figure out as some of these younger guys up front, you know, on both sides of the ball is how you can get them to improve, you know, details only go so far with somebody up front. You got to put pads on and you have to go out and practice and compete and do those things. And so, you know, we've been trying to add, you know, some periods, you know, maybe on a Thursday, based on how guys feel, based on who's available, to get some of that speed work in with pads, just to sprinkle it in there, to give some of those guys opportunities to improve during practice, especially, you know, as we move here towards the back part of the season. Or is that for a guy like Radins who? You said this would be quick, Robbie. I thought it would be, I thought we'd never log around after.  Well, I'm not going to come on and how difficult it is. I think that would be something that Dylan, you know, could best address. All I know is that there's a willingness to learn. I see him in here a lot. I see him in here often. I see him here working out. I see him in here studying. When he has had the opportunities, I see a, see a level of effort and finish and competitiveness just needs to continue to improve and, you know, and get better. Mike, what's the challenge 11 games in of trying to make those corrections on mistakes from this last game, balancing the fact that you've got some banged up guys on this team? Is it kind of at this point, a lot of mental work on the players to, to make those kind of corrections? Yeah. We'll have to have great focus, you know, as we prepare here the next couple of days and see how we feel on, on, you know, today. Let's focus on today and see what today looks like. Start to get the keys and start to understand who this opponent is and, and what they've done so well.


Let's just get to some of this stuff Phil has I have no particular order today I'm in a brain fog today, so I have no idea what I've got if I've got the thing or you know Just another thing, but I've got something. We'll see how we do Phil has a tail of warning a PSA if you will to share he says Gentlemen, I got caught so did my brother and I'm sure there are others without Yet knowing what Phil is about to share folks I can tell you I was one of these people one day and I can't believe we didn't share this on the show He says it turns out that when you migrate to a new iPhone using the direct Transfer or backup and restore procedures Google authenticator does not move its entries with it to the new phone a Separate export and import is required that takes the presence of mind to be thinking about Google authenticator When doing your migration for most of us we think about the authenticator out the next time we need it Which is almost always after you've wiped and sold your old phone in my brother's case He was using it as two-factor authentication for crash plan and when there was no fallback for authenticating He had to contact support and have them reset his account You could argue that all of this improved security But the inconvenience slash security ratio is fairly high and that leads to a bigger question Are authenticator apps interchangeable and can we do something to solve this and the answer is yes I as I said I got caught by this to John I Years ago, you know, I was using Google authenticator because that's what it said to use or whatever I was using said to use probably Google and And then it was like wait all my entries are gone It was you know weeks later that I that I noticed this and that's when I moved all of my two-factor authentication into one password now it starts becoming less to factor and to entry when the password and the You know the the the one-time code if you will are not only stored on the same device But stored in the same piece of software however That comes, you know, I always say we choose our point on the continuum between ultimate security and ultimate convenience, right and In this case Trending a little bit more towards convenience is what works certainly for me and probably for a lot of us So yeah, I moved I moved everything into one password so that it has the benefit of yes Carrying to your new devices with you but also being available on all your devices So I don't need to go to Google authenticator when I'm logging in on my Mac It just has it right there again not to factor anymore, but a little bit better


And we have to talk about the specialness of today. It is National Girls and Women in Football Day. And we are all about celebrating that. We, it is, on our show, I can say very normal to have women in leading roles. That's Marissa McBride right there. Of course, our associate producer. That was Amy Howe. Can we go again? Wow, that was Amy Howe, our CEO. The CEO of FanDuel is about the most badass woman. That's Haley Heckman and Haley Hoff, who worked the early hours. That's Michelle. Michelle! Of course, we love her. Michelle Bryant. She is our editor. You saw Amy Howe up there. Serushi White, our director, who I'm half afraid of and half just reverence of, and reverence of all time. She's so badass. Because she's so brilliant. And I always, you know, I never wanted to disappoint her by having my foot up like this. But from up in Adams and FanDuel, give a little, give a little love to the women who are working in sports. It is not easy. And we will have Sam Rappaport joining us after this. That's great. We've got lots of women to celebrate today. Girls as well. Happy National Girls and Women in Sports Day. No one better to have on. I'm so excited about our next guest right now. She's currently the NFL's senior director of diversity, equity, and inclusion. She has been part of the NFL family, y'all. Since as far as I can remember, definitely since I've worked for the NFL back in 2013, no, so 2003. But when I started watching the NFL, she won a commissioner award for her work. And I can say that, which is, you know, not a small deal, to win a commissioner's award. She's a former quarterback as well for the Montreal Blitz and a trailblazer. And I'm a little nervous and excited. I have Sam Rappaport on the show. Sam, how are you? Good, Kay. I'm so excited to be here.  What are you working on right now? You're the senior. I'm going to get that right. Senior director of diversity, equity, and inclusion. That can't be a small task. That's not. I've been working for the league for 21 years and Super Bowl never gets old. So I'm incredibly excited for the game. But yeah, under Jonathan Bean, who is our chief diversity officer, we're really working right now to operationalize diversity, equity, and inclusion across the entire league, all our clubs, our league offices. We really want it woven through absolutely everything that we're doing in the league office. And that comes straight down from Commissioner Goodell. And how have you seen inclusivity? Like, you know, we talked last year.  And I've talked to a lot of the owners. There's more and more female owners. We want to get into that more and more women taking those big roles on and sort of shaping the league. And it sort of has to start at the top. That's my opinion. How have you seen that inclusivity sort of grow over the years and how much more work do we have to do? Yeah, it's been expedited substantially in the last six years. If you look at the NFL six years ago to where we are today, you know, we have three female presidents now at the beginning of training camp this season. We had 15 women working in coaching positions. You know, we have five female officials right now. So if you look at where we were before, which was a lot of zeros across the board to now where we're working closer to normalization and ubiquity of women in these roles, it's remarkable to see. And I'm pumped to be along on the journey of it. It's amazing, Sam. And I talked to you about this a lot. And I follow you on Twitter. And it's how I learn about a lot of the women that are doing incredible things and incredible work in the NFL. I always have a bit of a confusing moment about it because, of course, I want to celebrate women in these roles and in sports whenever I can because I know how hard it is in my little field, in my little corner, as a woman. But I also hate talking about it. I hate pointing it out. I hate, because I think it adds and perpetuates a storyline like, that's weird. She's a woman out there. And we're seeing it less and less. Like, we have four women involved in the Super Bowl more than that. I'm talking about two on each side as far as coaching and those sort of personnel roles. And it's not the biggest story. And I love that. I'm so excited. So how do I balance or marry or reconcile this want for celebrating and need for celebrating it while also wanting to normalize the presence of us in the sports world? Yeah, it's the million dollar question and something we've been working on since we started this program. But I think we got into a good place with this. So what we're trying to do is recognize it. Don't fixate on it. So recognize that, yes, it is a big deal that Autumn Lockwood is the first black woman to coach in a Super Bowl. We mentioned it.  And really that's what we're trying to do. So it's important to recognize it because the more and more barriers we break down, the more normal it gets. So we don't want to ignore it. But then after that, and if you talk to any of the women in the league or any marginalized person in the league, they just want to do their damn job. So don't add spotlights to them or rocks to their backpack or whatever analogy you want to use. Just let them succeed. And really that's what's going on in the league. And I credit a lot of clubs for putting women in a position to succeed in that realm. We love seeing it. I was just even saying Kelly Klein, like Sean Payton's making this decision, like this big coaching candidate to go to Denver where there's newer ownership. That can be scary. Like what's that going to look like? But you have George Patton there, but you also have Kelly Klein who's his right hand person. They're making these decisions. And it's just, that seems normalized to me in a way that I'm really proud to be a part of and proud to work and cover an organization that treats it that way. Now you mentioned Autumn Lockwood, but as we're just gonna give love and move on, like you said, we're not gonna add to it, but let's give some love to some of these women that are going to be on the sidelines and heavily involved in the Super Bowl. Super Bowl 57 between the Eagles and the Chiefs. You mentioned Autumn, but there's also Amina. There's Tiffany Moore and there's Julie Freymeyer. What do we need to know about these women? Ah, they're all bad asses and just like taking names in the NFL. Julie Freymeyer, interestingly, Patrick Mahomes recently tweeted about her that she was the reason that he was able to play last weekend. So these women are absolutely incredible. One thing I love about it is that I think there are 19 women on the football side that will be working Super Bowl this year with the Eagles and the Chiefs. And so I can't even name them all, right? So we used to be able to say, hey, it was Autumn, it's Amina, it's Julie, it's Tiffany, but really now there are 19. I can't name them all, but there are so many women that are involved in moving this game forward. And because it's not a huge story right now, which I'm super happy about, that's the progress right there. It is, it's forward progress, which you preached. Whenever I see or hear the words forward progress, I think Sam Rappaport and all the brilliant work that you and everyone are doing there over at the NFL. Now, you were instrumental. I think it's fair to say you created the NFL Women's Careers and Football Forum back in 2017. How has it evolved? I know a little bit about how the idea was born, but how has it grown over the years? The list of coaches that are taking their time has made such an impact, Sam. It's really inspiring. It's incredible. You know, when we started the program, there was one GM, one head coach and one owner who raised their hand to be a part of it. And at the last forum, which was the sixth annual NFL Women's Forum, I had head coaches and GMs texting me during the opening session saying, don't let anyone get her, I'm bringing her into training camp. You know, they were getting competitive with each other. They were naming their friends saying, don't let him get her. I want to hire her. And they were hiring women on the spot. And so really what we've done is we've taken it from an idea into something that's molded into NFL culture now where our progressive coaches, our amazing head coaches and general managers are saying, if you're not part of this, you are behind the eight ball. And that's been said by Commissioner Goodell and several other people that that's the tone of the league. If you're not trying to achieve gender equity from a number standpoint, but also from an inclusion standpoint and equity, you're behind the eight ball. And clubs are recognizing that and really stepping up and making progress. If somebody wants to get involved or would want to attend the NFL Women's Forum or somebody who's just thinking, man, I really hate my job. I've always wanted to work in football and I'm seeing it's a possibility for me now. How can we help make that happen? Yeah, I mean, the first thing that you need to do really is get involved in football in some way if you're not already. I always say volunteer for your high school team or go out to a semi-pro tackle league and volunteer to coach or what have you. We are working on live streaming parts of the NFL Women's Forum that are not confidential this year. So I'll be posting that on my Twitter. So if anyone wants to follow with our open sessions, we'd love to have you. And if you'll be at the combine, hit me up and we'd love to have you in our guest section. Oh my God, you're the best. You're just the absolute best. What's coming up league agenda? Anything going on with, obviously we're celebrating girls and women today, but I know inclusivity is not just women. So I know at the Super Bowl, there's lots of events going on. I have a partnership with Smyrna Bhadka and I was just with them in Dallas and they were talking about how they've sponsored an event around inclusivity and it made me all the more proud to be partnered with them. Yeah, I mean, it's apropos that we're talking on the first day of Black History Month, right? Where we celebrate our black and African-American trailblazers in this game, which is really the reason why it is the reason why we are successful. So there is a lot of celebration and discussions around Black History Month right now at the league. And we're also working on our accelerator program, which is led by Belinda Gardner and Vanessa Hutchinson. And they're really trying to put our top talent, our senior talent in positions to meet with our head coaches, our owners to potentially get jobs in network. And Rand Carthon was a participant in that program and he recently preached about how that helped him get to where he is and super proud of what they're doing. And overall, the way that we're trying to weave DEI and absolutely everything we do is something that I'm incredibly proud of. It'll happen because of you, Sam. So we appreciate you. We celebrate you.  So hopefully, I really hope I get to run into you at Super Bowl. And I was talking like, I have an associate producer. We have a very small team over here with my new little startup venture, but Marissa McBride, my director, our amazing editor. We've got so many women on this staff. And I just, I feel like I can be doing more and I want to do more. So hopefully you and I can talk and make that happen. I would really love that. Let's do it. Let's flip some tables together, Kay. You're on. All right, let's do it. Okay, I'll see you next week. Enjoy it. Hell of a year for the NFL and for everything. Sam, we're having for you an absolute badass. And we will talk to you down the line. All right, that's it. That was amazing. Absolutely amazing.  So much news. So much to get to. Could not be more grateful to end it though. She's, if you have to, she is such a badass. She's, I'm just gonna start a woman's form and then Bill Belichick is like, okay, I'll join. Bill Belichick isn't gonna join anything. Can you imagine?


STEAM DRUNK? When I dive into the world of newer games that have a retro slant to them, I like to try and find something that will remind me of other experiences I've had with retro games from the days of Yor. You know, something that takes an established game mechanic and gives it a bit of a modern touch. I know most folks come to this channel to hear about retro stuff, and yeah, not every retro-inspired modern game hits the mark. Some games are nothing more than nostalgia bait cash grabs that are all-style in zero substance, but Enter the Gungeon, however, is not one of those games. It is freaking awesome, and if you like top-down shooter games like Smash TV, Zombies 8 My Neighbors, Pocky and Rocky, or any of those fast-paced, so intense you can feel the plastic on your controller creaking because you're gripping it so hard, if that's the kind of experience you were looking for, then you found it with Enter the Gungeon. As you can see, this game is insane, with tons of carnage and chaos happening all over the place, but there's more than meets the eye with this one. This is more than just a top-down shooter, it's a bullet-hell shooter. So in other words, it's tougher than a $2 stake at a truck stop.  But yeah, if this were just my own footage for this game, it'd be a highlight reel of at least 100 embarrassing deaths. And hey, normally that's fine, but I'd like to actually, you know, show off more footage of this game than just me dying. There's two things that give me a lot of trouble with this one, the aforementioned bullet-hell environments that you have to survive, of course, and the fact that this is a roguelike, so each dungeon is randomly generated for each playthrough. So in other words, you can't just memorize a specific path or a particular pattern, so you can't just die your way through this one while getting to know what the game expects you to do. Nope, instead this game is just pure chaos, you have no idea what the heck could be waiting for you in any given dungeon, or around any given corner. This is one of the hardest games I've ever played. Now, from a design standpoint, I should mention that there is a method to the madness this game brings about. Yes, this game is largely randomized, but each room will pick from a particular set of enemies, and they'll spawn in specific spots, so you can eventually learn to prepare for certain situations.  But that is definitely not a bad thing. For one thing, the roguelike nature gives the game a ton of replay value, obviously, and there's a minimal amount of cheapness in the difficulty here. And one major thing that helps with that, and helps make this game so much fun, is all the different characters you can play as. For example, there's the Marine who has thicker armor and can take more damage. There's the Convict that's able to increase his firepower if he takes damage. Another character can call for backup, another can lockpick treasure chests. The game does a great job making each character distinct enough to give the player a chance to try and figure out different approaches to how they want to get through all this insanity. And of course, as you can see, another major factor that makes this game fun is all the different weapons. I mean, this game would make Ratchet and Clank blush, with the sheer amount of firepower you can collect. Just to give a few examples, there's the Fight Saber, which allows you to deflect enemy bullets while reloading. There's automatic homing rockets, there's sword guns, lasers that deflect and branch out. There's even a gun that freezes enemies in cheese.  And just like most games of this nature, dodging is just as much of a priority as shooting stuff, if not more so. But thankfully, the role here is very responsive, and each room has lots of stuff you can interact with to use as cover. And you're gonna need it because, uh, have I mentioned this game is hard? Just look at some of these bosses, good god.  The thing is, though, this game can take it just as much as it can dish out. Like I said, the difficulty balance here is on a really steep curve, but the basic gameplay is so immediate, responsive, and accessible that despite how hard this game is, it's tough to put down. Now, I know what some folks watching this might be thinking, and that's that this is just binding of Isaac with a different coat of paint. And yeah, I get where some people might be coming from with that. Both games have an insane amount of characters, weapons, and items. And hey, Binding of Isaac is a great freaking game, but Enter the Gungeon hits much differently. There's the obvious thematic differences, whereas Binding of Isaac has some surreal childbirth biblical stuff going on. Enter the Gungeon is like Contra meets fantasy, meets science fiction, meets every 80s Arnold Schwarzenegger movie, but with somehow even more guns, and combine all that with bullet-hell patterns that you'd normally see in a game like Icaruga. The Binding of Isaac influence is obvious, but this game is far from a rip-off. Enter the Gungeon is my kind of game, and yeah, like I said, I'm freaking terrible at it, but I love what it represents. It's got a ton of creativity and imagination, it puts a major emphasis on skill, putting style over substance, and maybe most importantly, the game is very efficiently structured, and has a lot of respect for the player's time.  There's a ton to dive into with this game, the Wiki features nearly 200 pages of info, and there's Couch Co-op. It's a great time and I can't recommend it highly enough. Enter the Gungeon is available on PC, PS4, Xbox One, Switch, Mac, Linux, whatever man, just go play it. All right, I want to thank you for watching, and I hope you have a great rest of your day.


everyone will come back to another counterside video so today we'll be discussing li suyuns build and strategy but before that if it would have updated counterside videos please hit the subscribe button down below okay guys so for a lot of reasons there are a lot of names similar to her so but anyway this is they call her actually lsy um this is her younger version and we're actually waiting for her awakened version but again let's talk to her let's talk about her first so li suyun is actually in actively in our pvp because she's part of the ups but she is actually very good now that i realize that i've been playing her she's actually counter guys fendware division same as uh hillday um her deployment cost is rather costly at four without um any discounts so she's a striker ground type and ground attack unit okay but again um right now she's three then once you apply her as a leader she's two if she's not in the in the ups actually if you apply her as a leader at three she's going to be she's still going to be good so hear me out guys because i've been using her and right now i'm a believer because again she can hold her own okay so let's take a look at her stats so far her stats she has a couple of strengths um number one is going to be her hp which is going to be high um at 57,562 her attack is also is actually above average at four uh four three oh three and then the last stat that is above average is actually evasion which is at 837 and she is actually fantastic um she's more of a tank i feel um but with a striker you know with a striker um pacification she deals a lot of damage as well okay her weakness is defense is below average i would not suggest um i would not suggest increasing her defense leave it be her her defense is at 483 um two stats are low which is crit and hit so both uh hit is going to be at 376 while crit at 306 okay so again which stat are you going to you know going to be able to modify or increase so let's take a look first at her skills so basic attack uh valid hits is two swings for great sword inflicting aoe damage so levels two to five it's a total of 20 uh basic attack damage plus next is her passive skill which is my old fearless days she was fearless back then permanently increased attack and damage resistance by 15 percent when hp drops of 50 percent or below okay play on her hp guys levels two to four is an additional um 20 percent and level five pass at level five passive effect is activated at 60 percent so the higher the higher you take her hp the earlier it would trigger okay so lower hp is uh or lower hp instead and grants immunity to hit stun from ultimate or lower skills okay um what i mean is um it triggers earlier because it's it's at 60 once you increase it uh you increase her hp she still has a lot left uh even if she's at 60 percent that is what i meant okay so special skill is skill learned from the master these this is actually one of the you know the best skills that she has valid hits is three moves forward levitating enemies with aoe damage so she basically kicks them up and the take note guys this is three so she can do this to three front row units and this is actually good this makes her makes her survivable more um and makes enemy stagger more okay decreases damage taken by 25 during the skills effect okay so again uh decrease damage damage resistance in her passive um levels two three and four damage plus 25 percent and cooldown is a minus four seconds for level five which brings her cooldown to 17 seconds only okay this skill overse is actually this is what i value more because this taggers you and buys you sorry this taggers your enemies and buys you time that this is also what makes her tanky as well aside from damage resistance and damage reduction so ultimate skill is fatal blow um cooldown is 55 seconds valid hits is four okay makes the best of her great sword inflicting aoe damage in proportion to her attack decreases damage taken by 35 percent during the skills effect okay so level two three four it's a damage of plus 25 level five cast sabari equal to 20 of max hp again another reason for you to increase her hp for 15 seconds after the skill hits for ultimate okay so i have been using my lee suyun or lsy and pvp so again she's very good um right now if even if you have her at three i actually sometimes use your three she's actually still good so again i equipped her with all hp so gear sets options are either all hp or half hp half attack so those are my recommendations but i'm going with with all hp set this actually bumps her hp nearly seven seventy thousand already i still need to do a little more you know tweaking here and there i can actually bump her up to seventy thousand for her hp as for her gear stats evasion would be good to put um also you need to increase her hit and you need to increase your attack so those are the three that you can choose from from her stats so hit attack and evasion let's check out her gear so mostly evasion that is why i also have a high evasion for her so i have to change this one her defense probably change it to hp so that she goes over seventy but i think this one you have hp here so we need to just to have a plus on that and the last one is actually crit i need to change that as well you need to give her hit so that she hits more okay so even with this kit i haven't or these gears i haven't really you know modified her kit but again she's terrific right now i'm saying right now because again the situation favors her but if she's not in the ups she is still going to be good okay let's go on to her deployment strategy okay so my comparison to lsy let's call her that i don't want to slip up again um is going to be esteroza mainly because of her toughness of her survivability and she's a striker plus she is also a mix of jushi yung uh in terms of um in terms of um staggering her opponents and lifting up in the air so again she is a lot of um you know she's a lot of uh combinations and that works to her advantage that is why probably if i can say this justifies her for cost so again her skill as you see there let's use her skill first so it's taggers brings them up to the air let's actually do a another let's reset her let's do a summon ground unit then let's do ai off so that you can see um you can see actually um how she's going to do her skill so as you can see here let's try to use her skills again see she actually even hits air units so again very very useful special skill um hits air units and let's take a look at her ultimate guys her ultimate is actually for me kind of decent the the one thing i i like about her ultimate is the four hits so again a lot of a b damage again as you see their um special hits actually even air units so again she is actually good i don't know i i actually just realized this this this week since i started using her but again her kit is good if she was only you know down to three she could have been a good mainstay right now for pvp but i hope they think are think think are a bit on her kit because again if you compare apples to apples um with who um when let's say with jushion most of them actually are at three or or you you compare here with Nana Nana hara chifuyu she's also a three and she is a wonderful kit so why can't be her so more or less again even at four i still she's worth it just put her as a leader if there's no ups anymore then i think you can still use her so last look at her ultimate let's try that again let's see her ultimate this if even if you pull this off once this is already good so i'd rather have her special skill you know be pulled off more frequently because again they stagger your opponents and they lift and she lifts them up to the air so others could could also attack them so guys my final thoughts again um she her toughness can be can be compared to liyumi actually so but liyumi is three cost but again you won't be disappointed when you have her now at two lowest is going to be two deployment if in the future lowest you can have her at at three so again very she is a very good tank that can buy you time if you're saving up for mana oh sorry not mana this is a different game if you're saving up for deployment you know your your deployment meter she is the one that you put in the front line especially early game because she will really save you a lot of deployment cost that you can charge your meter and deploy higher deployable units and again she will really buy you time okay so for pvp she is going to be an eight out of ten she's fantastic um the one that only makes her eight is actually her deployment cost and for pve she's a seven out of ten um she's a very selfish unit she doesn't have any buffs to anybody but again she's worth it because of her tankiness the damage and the staggering of the enemies on the other side of the screen okay so again um those are my final thoughts guys um thank you for staying this far in this video also please click the bell icon and also put a like to this video guys thank you stay safe this is the warden and i'm out of here


You guys got more. Hope you guys are having a good Friday. Whoop, just out here moving the sprinklers. Entering in. I asked this yesterday as well. How was today's ad? How'd it go? I hope, here's the thing. I think YouTube is improving, sorry, I think advertisers, companies that are advertising on YouTube are getting better at creating more engaging, more creative advertising. So, I'm hoping that the videos, the ads that you're seeing, and some of these ads are like three minutes long. It's insane, but they draw you in. Like Bridget and I, True Love and I, we are actually kind of enjoying some of the ads. You know, not all of them, but some of them are like, wow, that was really well done. That made me think, that made me, maybe not buy something, but at least watch the whole thing. So, I hope the ads are treating you well. Here we are on the shed. Just looking around, seeing what I can, seeing what trouble I can get into. Thank you, hon. Appreciate that. Here's your bath, son. Don't get as wet as you like showers. Yeah. I just can't help it. Gotta come outside one more time before the sun sets. Oh, spring is here. There's no wind. I despise the wind. It's just so nice to be, I'm like working and gonna do the dishes here in a minute, but I gotta soak up this golden hour. Uh-oh. Oh, it's still going. Yes, sir. Oh, that's what I'm talking about. That's gonna be a nice one. Nice time-lapse for you guys. Anyway, just kind of bouncing around today, but thanks for sticking with us. Coming along the journey of naked children. You know, hey. El Nacharral, right? It's how we roll. All right, a little more watering. Berkley and his dishes. Appreciate the process. I love that term. I don't think I came up with it. In fact, I know I didn't, but whoever did, I love the little term. Appreciate the process of life, of daily tasks, of things that we do and do not want to do. Dishes, for example. Like, I didn't really wanna do the dishes tonight, but I was like, you know what? I'm going to attempt to appreciate the process of 365 vlogs, which was very difficult, the first 90 vlogs. It was just hard to get motivated for that daily edit, but over time, I taught myself to appreciate the process. So anyway, just passing that along to you guys on this fine day. All right, hope you're doing well. Enjoy the weekend, wherever you're at, whatever you're doing around the world. And yes, we'll see you tomorrow. Make sure we all see beauty work hard.


handle several terabytes of a data-based site, right, from the single standpoint. Now, how would that translate in how large applications a single minuscule instance can support, right? And if you do some math and say, well, let's not take those kind of marketing numbers, a million and a half plus, let's take something more conservative, right? Just 100,000 to 30 seconds. What would that give us? And in this case, if you say, hey, you know what, we have our application, right, which has, you know, a number of user interactions and we take maybe 10 queries for each of them and maybe we are having, that gives us so many user interactions a second, right? And looking at some, you know, medium user engagements of maybe, you know, 30 interactions a day, we can still see pretty much of a large number of daily active users, right, from the start. Now, what I mean in this case, and again, your numbers can be substantially different, right? Your transactions can be more complicated. The users may be kind of more engaged in a few in a day, right? You may have some other kind of background activities which you say are not constant here. But the point is what you can really build a pretty serious application which you do not need more than a single database out there. Now, even in, and another thing which you look at their distributed systems is what, when you look at the distributed systems, wherever they are, they tend to be more complicated to develop again, right? If I'm having a single MySQL system, I wrote the data, it's immediately available, I don't have to deal with anything like a network jitter which can, you know, introduce variable light latency or slave lag and so on and so forth, right? Distributed systems also tend to be more complicated to operate or have additional performance bottleneck or additional more complicated failure mode, right? Unlike single MySQL instance, which can be either pretty much up or down, I can have things like slave lagging or replication broke and I didn't notice that so my data is not updated, right? A lot more complicated. Now, why do I bring those two items together? Because from our side, we see folks trying to go to very complicated architectures very early and why they're doing that? Because they go to the talks just like this, right? And you would have a lot of people from famous companies like Google, Facebook, Slack, you know, talking about those amazing systems you may have built, right? And that gives us an idea. Wow, it makes sense to get those kind of massively shorted MySQL across many kind of data centers. That looks so sexy, that looks so interesting, right? That that is absolutely useless for majority of applications out there, right? Majority applications are not Google and Facebook, right in this case. So that is something which is very important to recognize, right? And that means a lot of solutions they would talk about would need to be scaled down dramatically to fit for you, right? Again, I do see some faces here. Already we talked with a large-scale application, right? And you can rightfully disagree with me, but still you have to understand what in the grand scheme of things you have a minority. Okay, now with all of those, why do we need to kind of go distributed, right? And go outside of that kind of single MySQL instance? Well, there are really few reasons here. One is high ability, right? Single instance kind of can easily crash. Skill ability, what we spoke about. And also virus needs which require our data to be distributed outside of a single location. Let's talk about the high ability of MySQL in general. And actually that really applies to a lot of other systems as well. One very kind of basic way you can provide high ability is to have a cold standby. For example, with either something like Linux-ZRBD or maybe you have some centralized storage, right? Which you can use to provide high ability for. Now, there is also a solution to failover, such as like a master slave, right? If your master doesn't feel well anymore, right? You failover to a slave promoting that to a master, right? Or there are a number of also active solutions which exist out there, such as PXE and group allocation. Now, as you are choosing what kind of high ability solution is right for you, you are good to ask yourself a few questions in this case, right, about the high ability. The first one is what really a failure mode do you consider, right? And which of them are more likely and more important for you? Because when you often think about high-ability, right? You may be thinking like, oh, you know what, it's either available or not, right?  In reality, different problems can happen with the systems, right? Like simple one, crash with server or hardware failure, right? You can have things like software bugs, which, for example, can cause storage corruption, which is a different animal altogether, right? Because if I have a storage level corruption, then solutions like DRBD are not going to help me, right?  And network failure, that is a whole other story, right? Because there could be so many different network failures ranging from, you know, like a single network failure to some partitioning or some asymmetrical and more complicated failures. I remember one interesting failure case was discussed by one of the guys in Google and they have some sort of misconfigured switch, which would be killing off the jumper reference frames, right? And what I was quoting for them, what two nodes would essentially be able to ping each other, right, from a high-vability kind of thing, but then you would try to actually replicate the actual data, which would become in the large volumes they could, right? Crazy, right? I mean, there could be a lot of those very strange network failures on the tail end, right? Like rather rare but important. Now, in many cases, we have to deal with full data center failure, right? Or maybe not, right? Is it possible for the whole data center to go down and is your application expected to maintain, be available even in this case? In some cases, yes. In some cases, you know what, that happens very rarely, right? And they maybe just, you know, wait until it's come back. And then the other very important one is besides all of those kind of normal hardware and software things, there are also such nasty things as people, right? And I think you all agree, people are nasty. They take their dirty hands and they do nasty things with them, right? Like logging in and dropping the database, you know, on a production server instead of developers, right? Or writing the queries which are, you know, not really scaling, right? So those things happen and there those can be increasingly more common cause of failures, right? Then your hardware failures as those things can be getting more reliable. And then there are, of course, some of the security issues you also can be thinking about, right? Like you can get, well, of course, we can have all the set of problems, somebody stealing your data, right, and publishing that on the Internet and there is no high-ability can save you against that. But on the other hand, you can have somebody using, let's say, SQL injection, right, to trash all of your data. And that is potentially can be thought through the high-ability framework. Okay. And I have a question. What data am I allowed to use to lose, right? And of course, they thought kind of in classical desire, hey, I never ever want to lose any data. And while that is a very admirable desire, it's also very expensive. And I would say for my SQL environment, a lot of folks really develop dependent on master-slave replication for years, which is asynchronous, right? And it does not guarantee what you're not going to lose the data. But the amount of those data loss, right, would be typically just few last transactions, which couldn't be replicated, right? And in many cases, it is acceptable, right? I mean, for a lot of those kind of social media environments, right? If one of those cat posts ever get lost, I mean, I would argue that they're doing a positive thing to the world, right? I love such things to happen. Well, that's just me. Another thing, of course, you may want to desire no data loss for committed transactions, and I think that is pretty normal. I also see a number of people saying, hey, you know what? Because our developers don't understand transactions and then prefer not to handle error situations. We want to make sure... What? Oh, okay, okay, yes. I guess somebody else seen those kind of developers. That's good, that's good. Some people also do not want to make sure that transactions in flight are not lost, right? That means I have an open connection which did a couple of updates and haven't committed transactions. Database crashes, you still want that to kind of continue with no interruptions, right? And that is like a very hard thing to achieve, if you will. And finally, you have to be asking yourself how quickly do you need to recover, right? And often that has to be mapped also to a different failure mode. In many cases, you can say, hey, you know what? If I'm having an active, active cluster, then I will pretty much want like immediate recover within a second, right? If one of the nodes crashes. And of course, nothing is really immediate. And by immediate, I mean in this case is what... Even if it crashes, my users are not looking... notice any interruptions, right? For them, boom, right? The node crashes but they just maybe have some semi-invisible delay, right? For them, the web page took a little bit longer to load but they didn't really notice that as a downtime at all, right? Now, in many cases, you would have, let's say, full data center failure may take longer to recover as acceptable because in many cases for DR cases, you don't want to maintain, for example, completely full spinning environment somewhere else which is kind of expensive. Now, I think what is very important also is to understand speed of light, right? And the thing is, the things don't go instance, for example, between Europe and America, right? Even if you would want them to. And often they have to understand what they pretty much have between kind of two choices, right? For data propagation, that either kind of gets synchronous but then they say, hey, we are waiting for stuff to be replicated, for example, from US to Europe, right? And we wait for that to be there so they're sure if something happens to replace in US, it's not getting lost, right? Or we can have an asynchronous and in this case, well, data gets naturally queued, right? And if that, let's say, whole data center loss goes down then data loss can be a cure, right? And in grand scheme of things, we have to choose between those two other power power projects. Okay, now scalability. For scalability, we pretty much have three things that you have to deal with. We have to use scale reads, scale writes, scale data size and in many cases, as our application grows, we have to do all of those at the same time, right? And that is where we have to go to much more complicated systems as single instance. Now, let's look at data distribution and what I mean by that. Now, in many cases, we cannot just keep the data in one place if we are developing their international application, right? And that can come from the two reasons. One is user latency, right? You want to have a really application which goes very quickly, right? It may be expensive to go from, I don't know, say, you know, mobile network in Vietnam, right, to a data center in America, right? So we may want to get the data closer to user for latency. And then there is also legal and compliance reasons. There are a number of countries which require you to, for example, develop data related to their citizen, right, in their national border, right? Or have some other regulation which you may have to deal with, not from a kind of database design standpoint, but from a legal compliance and whatever reason. Okay, let's jump through to a MySQL and go to maybe the same things in a little bit more MySQL specific and detailed way. So when we speak about the MySQL, it is good to understand and go through those concepts. So what is a replication, right? So when you see quite a replication, they have multiple copies of data, right, which should be in updated changes, right? That is how replication is different from, for example, backup, which is also a copy of your data, or offline and it kind of not tends to be updated, right? Now replication is obviously, as I spoke, is connected to providing high-vibrility in many cases, right? And if you look at the high-vibrility from a grand scheme of things, we want for our service our ability to kind of respond queries, provide user states up even if one of the components fails. So high-vibrility generally is provided through redundancy, right? It would have more than one system, so if one of them fails, something else is going to take the load. And that works increasingly well for a stateless system, right? It's like you think all this there, I would say, like a Kubernetes concept, saying, hey, you know what, just keep maintaining five copies of my web server and everything will be fine, right? If it is stateless, then I can essentially, you know, kill them at wheel, other material at all works fine, right? But the databases can't be stateless because databases is exactly the definition of the state itself, right? And that means something else is needed and we also need not just a redundant computing resource, right, but an application server, but we also need very complicated data, right? Multiple copies of data to provide that redundancy because by definition, single copy of data, right, it's not redundant. Now, replication can happen on different levels, right? It can be on the storage level, right? On the database level and even on the application level, if you will. Now, if you speak about storage level replication, that is what we mentioned, like your son, Nas, can provide the DRBD. If you're using any kind of cloud storage, like an EVS, it also really has redundancy built in through some form of internal storage level replication. Now, a lot of storage level replication tends to provide just a cold standby, right? Because the MySQL, unlike, let's say, some other systems, it's not designed to operate on a shared storage. The system, MySQL in a DV, assumes that it has like a monopoly access to the storage, right? And if somebody else changes something underneath it, well, it won't work, right? Now, one wonderful thing about the storage level replication, of course, it's very simple and that works for pretty much any system, right? Any system which stores data on this can be managed with faith, whether you take a MySQL, Postgres, right? Or even, you know, like an NFS. You can provide, have ability through cold standby through storage level replication. Now, I also want to point out some special examples here. Some of you may have heard about their Amazon and Amazon Aurora, right? Which also does storage level replication, but that's kind of designed a very, very kind of different way. And in that stuff, I would more classify that as a database level replication, right? Because that storage is kind of pretty much a part of a database technology in their architecture. Now, if you look at a database level replication, that is pretty much the most flexible, most common replication, right? That can provide a hot spare or active environment in some cases. Now, another way is the application level replication, right? I think so many people say, hey, you know what? Database replication is just so hard to set up. Why don't I just go and connect to two nodes at the same time, right? And just build updates here and there, right? And hey, that works on my laptop, and that means it's probably going to work in real life as well. Now, the thing is, with application level environment, it is very hard to do right, right? And frankly, over the last few years, I see less of a people attempting to do that, right? So that is good. Now, in some cases, I would say it is still possible to do that, right? And it's, I would say, even reasonable to do that. For example, if you have some, you know, some complicated needs for conflict resolution, right? Or you have some other needs where you want to replicate the data across different databases, right? So for example, we see a lot of environments right now where somebody say, hey, we would use something like CASCA as our database, right? And instead of relying on the MySQL, we would make sure what all the data kind of getting written to the CASCA, right? And then we can have a MySQL, right? And maybe some other Hadoop, right? Or whatever other consumers of that data flow, right? So, you know, you can also think about that as some kind of user-created replication, right?  And try to write the same data at the same time. Okay. Sharding. Now, when you look at the large-scale databases, we tend to find what data is way too large to fit at the single database or even single replication tree, right? So what that means is it displays the data by certain criteria and puts that in a, you know, a separate kind of chunks called shards, right? And we put them on a separate cluster, right? Now, typically, the shard, one of those two ways, right? Is if you think about somebody like Facebook, they often would shard by user, right? That means, hey, you know, we have the map users to those shards, right? And then all the data to the user, right? One of the data by the user will be placed in that shard. In other cases, a lot of software-as-a-service companies, they shard by customer-account companies also refer to as tenants, right? Then I would often have a lot of people which belong to the same tenant, same organization. They have a data which is tightly coupled together, but different organizations are completely separate, right? Think about something like, I don't know, a Slack, right, or Salesforce. In those cases, those different organizations are pretty much separated from each other for normal operation purposes. Now, sharding is almost always used with some kind of a pre-replication. And why is that? Well, because as you scale, there is a higher and higher probability of something or a failure to happen, right? So, for example, you have just one MySQL master server and I have a mean time between failures, three years, right? It may be completely acceptable, right, not to have a lot of replication, maybe just have a backup. Well, you know, it crashes once or three years, maybe have a bit of downtime, not of a yield. Now, we have a hundred of them. That will mean the average time between their crashes, right, would be about three days. Well, which is probably less so, right? That is why when we have a massive sharding, then we tend to have some sort of a replication with that built in. Now, the next thing that I mentioned is important, is the failure management. Now, what does that mean? If you look at the many replication modes, such as MySQL classical replication, it doesn't have any mechanics to handle failure on its own. It needs help, right? What would MySQL do?  MySQL will do nothing, right?  You actually need some other process to say, okay, now I want to promote one of your remaining slaves to the master, right, and do whatever environment changes needed to complete that process, right? And then two things that have to happen out there. Somebody needs to decide how to do that failure. I have two masters, two slaves, one master has to figure out, oh, this slave is kind of ahead, so I need to elect him as a master, right, or maybe have some other solutions, right, to perform. And then also the performer failover, right? Oh, now I need to re-configure that slave as a master. And I separate those two because there have been some tools existing which would say, hey, you know what, we only do automation of performer failover, but we want you as an individual to decide then to do that failover, right? Because we don't want, for example, to, you know, to perform a failover when it shouldn't happen, right?  And guess what, if you simply failover to the slave, well, it will be overloaded with the same queries again, right? Now the nice thing is that traffic management question, right? And there are multiple functions which can be performed by those, you know, proxies, load balancers, right, you name them. Scaling large number of connections, routing traffic to the right chart, if that's where all maybe read write splitting, right, so we can actually, you know, not do it in application, but let them decide which traffic to send to the slave and which not, maybe some sort of load management, right? So if we have one of the servers overload to move traffic from it, as well as things like avoidant dead nodes, right? Maybe if I have multiple slaves, one of them crashed, I don't want to be sending traffic to that, right, even until it's kind of completely removed from configuration. So what do we have in terms of options in MySQL and what are their properties? First one is our classical MySQL replication, group replication, Galera and ProconyxDB cluster, as well as MySQL and DB cluster, right? These are the most common things which you can use. Classical MySQL replication is pretty much this. You have master, slaves, bunny logs are being written to the master and they are consumed by the slave in a synchronous fashion. Each of them has their own copy of a database, right, so it's pretty independent. So what are properties of MySQL replication? By default, MySQL replication is a synchronous. So there is absolutely no guarantee how far the slaves are compared to the master. You can also consider that to be semi-synchronous, right? But remember, semi-synchronous is actually asynchronous, right? Semi doesn't mean it's kind of just as good as synchronous, right? So what semi-synchronous does, it says, hey, that means I will commit on my master, right, here, when the data event made it to the relay log, right, on the slave. But not necessarily applied, right? So a semi-synchronous replication, you are sure now if master crashes, the data will make it to the slave eventually, right? Eventually, right? So it gives us kind of eventually conditions of the sort, right? But it's not synchronously applied to the slave. It can be parallel. And what I mean by that is, if some of you remember or know MySQL from the early days, replication was a single thread and that was very limited in its performance, that's not the case anymore since MySQL 5.7. You can also have now multiple masters for a single slave called multi-source replication again since MySQL 5.7. And two big limitations remain for MySQL replication. Is, A, there is no conflict resolution or sort of protection of any time, right? If you set up a replication and if you happen to write some conflicting data on the slave, well, you'll just have replication master and slave data inconsistent, right? And maybe replication will stop due to conflict at some point, right? But there is no specific protection out there. And then there's also no built-in failure, right? I mean, it still, by default replication will simply stop if master is unavailable. Now, MySQL replication, which has kind of its own simplicity, it allows us to create many different topologies, right? We do kind of as a few examples here. We can have a few masters which are streaming to a single slave, right? For example, to consolidate the data, right? We can have a ring replication set up. You probably don't want to, but that's kind of, in theory, possible. You can have a multi-level slave. If you want, there are some slaves connected to each of the slaves. And what is also important, you don't have to replicate everything in MySQL replication. You can say, hey, I have a two-level slave. I replicate everything from here to there and then only replicate some of the data here, right? So MySQL replication is, with its own simplicity, it's kind of a loss for good and bad to create a very flexible, weird MySQL replication hierarchy. That is the example. I want to just put a shameless plug here with our PMM for quantum engine management. We have some nice dashboards for replication among other things. Okay, moving on to MySQL group replication. MySQL group replication kind of forks a little bit different way, right? In this case, we have a group of nodes, right? We just call it replication group. And you can see from conceptual standpoint, they are all masters. They are all peers, right? And what are the properties of this replication? We can write either to any of the nodes or actually, by default, it configures itself so there is one node is elected as writer, right? And the other nodes are read-only and tend to be only read from, right? And that's done because that gives you kind of more comparability with a standard replication, if you like. This is also like asynchronous replication of flow control. What does that mean? Well, that means that the data is still asynchronous replicated but we have a flow control. That means we don't really allow slaves to be like lagging by unlimited period of time. There is like this elastic robot there, right? And if a slave becomes too far behind and say, hey, master, hold off please. I am not able to keep up. Can you please slow down a little bit, right? We also have conflicts which have been prevented in this case through synchronous certification, right? While changes are not actually being applied synchronously, they are certified, right? And that means they are guaranteed to be committed to the cluster synchronously, which allows us to avoid conflicts. It has an automated fail-over. And what does that mean? Or built-in fail-over. So what does that mean? If one of the nodes crashes, right? Then it just kind of leaves the cluster. If that node happened to be that dedicated writer when other nodes get elected and so on and so forth, right? So a lot of good stuff was there. There is still limitation, though, there is no automated provisioning. And what I mean by that is if you want to set up a node for my school group application, you need to get your data from somewhere, like maybe restore from backup, manually, same as you do for standard application. Okay. The next piece is the Perconex3DV cluster called Galera, right? In this case. Now, the idea in this case is very similar, right? If you look in this case, there is a group communication. There are multiple nodes which belong to the group, right? And reality here is what from many properties, Galera and my school group application are similar. The frankly, the reality is that what Galera and PXC was around for a long time, right? Since my school times with my school 5.5. And I think it's folks in Oracle seeing how useful this kind of application is. Implemented group application, right? And in this case, it's kind of by design. It shares many similar problems. So we have a write-to-any node. It's a certification-based application the same way. Now, in this case, it's also a synchronous kind of replication, a synchronous certification. But there is an option you can ensure there are no stale reads. You can instruct the cluster and say, please hold off selected execution until the data actually propagates completely to this node, right? So that is a mode in this case which is available. There is a build-in failure and also build-in node provision. So in this case, the connected with cluster behaves more modern, right? If you take the freshly installed node, right? Or put up the Docker container and say, hey, can you please join the cluster? It will automatically perform everything which is needed to join, like copy the data and so on and so forth, which is useful. Now, maybe I should explain, basically, how the transaction control works in PXC. And that images for PXC and users is terminology, but really the MySQL group application concepts are very similar in this regard. So if you think about the user transaction, all the updates, right, during that transaction are performed completely locally, right? There is no network communication when you are writing updates of any kind. You simply have something which is accumulated, which is called write set. This is pretty much you can think about as a set of primary key values, right, that are going to be updated. Then, when you trigger the commit, then event is sent to other nodes, right? And that is what's called the certification. And that is pretty much the only network communication which is required, like one commit per, one round trip per commit, right? And then in this case, the certification happens, right, in this case, through that group communication, and then you would have a physical commit or a back based on certification results. Now, a good thing to understand is that other nodes, which is, in this case, slaves, the slave for purpose of a transaction, right? Different transactions may have a different master and slave in this content. The certification will get that event queued and then apply threads, the threads which will apply those events locally, right? So it is possible for some glitch, right, to happen for some lag to happen in this case. Now, what is also interesting is you can see from this diagram is why it is more likely that what your master for a purpose of transaction will commit transaction first. It is also possible for slaves for purpose of a transaction to commit it first, right? So for example, if we just get a stall on a disk IOR on this kind of final commit operation, then this guy can commit the transaction faster, right?  The concept here is what the node which fails to commit the certified transaction must commit suicide, right? Or pretty much crash, exit the cluster, right, whatever you wanted, but I like commit suicide. I think there is some water finality to that, right? Okay. So, we also have in the PXC a number of performance improvements we did recently and we are really very proud of the dramatically increased concurrence, which really could be up to 10 times for right-intensive benchmarks for variety of workloads. So that is good, and I should thank folks at Oracle, right, for creating a competition out there. So now we can, you know, compete in our benchmarking, right? In terms of visual solutions, it's actually faster. As you can imagine, in our Percona module management tool, we also have some nice dashboards to visualize Percona X3 cluster or actually any other Galera solution, right? Galera for MySQL, MariaDB, and so on and so forth. Okay. MySQL cluster. Okay, now let me do a poll here. Anybody is using MySQL cluster as MySQL and DB cluster here. Okay. Anybody used MySQL cluster in the past? Okay. Okay, so anybody tried using MySQL cluster in the past? Okay. Well, that is, I think, the main point, right? I feel like I do include this technology out there, but very few people actually use it because while I think it has a lot of conceptual ideas, it's really achieved only niche adoption so far. And this is a solution which has a lot of nice features such as kind of automatic sharding and distributed query execution, but it also has a lot of limitations that use different storage engine and so on and so forth. Well, okay. Now let's talk quickly about sharding in MySQL. Sharding in MySQL is typically either painful or very painful, right? So there is no such thing as, you know, like, no easy sharding in MySQL, right? Not in MySQL. There are no built-in or standard solution out there. But frankly, if you look at a lot of the early MySQL adopters like folks at Facebook, we really have some custom application operations. Let's say you have a first-class of five stars you want to update. How exactly are you going to do that? It's not easy, right? So five shards became overloaded for some reason because maybe they became over-reliable. How do we balance that shard with that traffic somewhere else? All of those things are very important, right, for sharding, but it is hard to get sharding. So what kind of solutions exist for sharding out there in the company? I would say by far the most advanced of the, right now, is the test. That is something we started by seeing, and that's now open-source and it's available from a cloud-native computing foundation. It's outside of... You think it's good, right? Because when technology starts to... it's only developed in one organization so it's designed to solve a problem for that organization, right? In fact, somebody else will be able to scale, support the MySQL protocol, and many of my solutions. Not all of them, right? But for a lot of applications, you can just... What the problem is, I did one more network call. So that is going to impact the performance of it. The other way to deploy ProxySQL is when you deploy ProxySQL on the application server side. You think about ProxySQL as part of client-library interface, right? And each of those instances, right, can route connections appropriately, perform failover, and so on. Now, in the modern ProxySQL, you can just replicate between each other so they can have the configuration changes applied to them at the same time, right? So if they know what this node goes down, right, that information will be kind of infinitely propagated to all of them. Now, this works if you don't have too many application servers, right, of course. I mean, if you have, I don't know what to say, 10,000 application servers, and that's kind of become maybe too complicated to maintain. Now, the ProxySQL, of course, again, we have a nice dashboard for that, right? Let's say... Yet another shameless plug, but that's okay because the PMM is open source, right, and let's make it okay, I guess. Now, I also want to mention a few cloud-only options. Now, we see a lot of people are deploying databases as a service in a cloud because that really allows to save a lot of rudimentary pain, like taking backups and so on and so forth. And that also provides, typically, its own built-in heavy-ability functions, right? Like, whatever, Amazon, VS, or Google Cloud, SQL, Azure Database for MySQL, all the big clouds, they do have some database-as-a-service options with some built-in heavy-ability options, right, which you can consider. None of them, at this point, as I know, have some sort of built-in shorting support, right? So shorting, if you need that, is still going to be on you. Okay. SQL is a hopefully important infrastructure for years to come, but the thing to know about MySQL is not good for everything. Solutions like Symmetric.js. We have a lot of Kafka gateways to MySQL, right, which would essentially, typically, feed MySQL binary log and put the data to Kafka, such as the Basium, right, or Yelp has open-source MySQL streamer. There are actually more of those solutions, both open-source and close-source ones. Tanzan Replicator. That is another technology which can replicate from MySQL to a variety of data source, right, or actually also from, it can replicate, for example, from Oracle to MySQL and so on and so forth. And then, we also see a number of folks have been deploying their custom MySQL binary log consumers, right? There is, for example, Tarantul and Clickhouse. They implemented their own tools, right, to consume binary log and replicate it to their technology. Like a wonderful thing in this case is a lot of that stuff is open-source, right? So if you want to write your own tools, say, hey, I want to consume binary log, there are, you know, tools in Go, Python, C, right, Java, you know, language of your choice, you would be very easy to be able to find that. Okay, so if you look at the other summary, in this case, we can see that there are a lot of options exist for building distributed architecture of MySQL. I would say perhaps there are too many, right? I mean, in many cases, I think there would be fewer options, but they would work better, right, or support better. And I think what also makes MySQL very exciting is that there are also lots of options integrating MySQL with other open-source data stores, right? So we can really build a very effective, multi-data store environment, right, where you get a different benefit for that. Now, if you are interested about open-source databases, to learn more about open-source databases, I would like to welcome us to our conference, which takes place last month. It was weird to invite somebody to last month's conference. Next month, next month. In April, in Santa Clara, it's going to be wonderful. There's a lot of talks about a lot of technologies from many famous companies. So with that, thank you, and I would be happy to answer your question. If you have a question, just raise your hand. Any questions, yeah. What would you recommend most for, like, sort of intra-continent replication, where you have fairly frequent internet general 10 to 30 seconds in your apps? Yeah, well, so if you have this intercontinent, right, in this case, then often you would be limited to the asynchronous application. That's, like, typical, a very little solution you would have. Now, I would say, as I mentioned, unfortunately, built-in mice to replication doesn't have any good conflict resolution built-in at this point, but I am hopeful what your concerns and concerns of many others would be heard, and in terms of future versions, that will be resolved. Okay. You joked earlier a little bit about the Galera nodes committing suicide, and we saw that a lot. You saw that a lot? The Galera nodes committing suicide. We had Galera across the ocean, and it would have, like, a 30-second hiccup, and then both sides are like, ah, I'm down. Yeah, yeah. Well, I would say you're right. Now, let me state something important to what you stated, right? So if you have the Galera or mice to replication of those technologies, they typically look to solve a network partitioning problem, which is solved through a quarrel, right? And that doesn't work with two nodes, because if you have two nodes, right, or two and two, right, let's say four nodes, and you break in between, then it kind of sucks, right? You don't get, you know, more than 20% votes anywhere, and both nodes crash, right? So if you have an environment like yours, you want to make sure you have either free data centers or if that's expensive, you only need two, and also put things like Galera Orbiter in a third data center, right? What's Galera Orbiter? Oh, Galera Orbiter, that is a very lightweight node which essentially does not store any data, but it is a type breaker, right? So in this case, if you have two data centers, the network between them fails, right, or let's say one of them looses connections to the rest of the world, then Galera Orbiter will decide which of those two has actually had connection, right, and to the world, and which would just become it later. Okay. Yeah, we've been to the same thing. We had, like, four of the one data centers, three of the others, and always knew which data center was going to commit suicide, and luckily, our data center was really small, so we just read straight into the data center. Yeah, so that's right. I mean, if you have a three and four, then that would work, of course. If a data center with four dies, then the other one will commit suicide, will crash as well, right, because we'll see it in isolation. Okay. And you have a question? Okay, well, no more questions. That means if it's extremely good or extremely bad, I leave you to judge that. Anyway, thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. Okay. Okay. Okay. Go to here. Harder to get to? Oh, I struggled with that one. Yeah, and then I just put you at something like this, and then just... Got it. Okay, cool. Yeah, I learned that the hard way. Test, Mike. Test. Thank you for coming to Scale 16.