from Strada in New York City, Strada plus Hadoop World, which is a conference that's brought to you by O'Reilly, and O'Reilly Media is a partner of Silicon Angles, and they've had us here, and for now, for a couple years, we've done several Hadoop Worlds, so Hadoop World and Strada have merged. So the Cube is our flagship product where we extract the signal from the noise, as I say, we bring you the smartest nodes that we can find, and we are here with Justin Borgman, who's the co-founder and CEO of Adapt and Scott Houser, who's the vice president of marketing. Gentlemen, welcome to the Cube. Thanks for having us. Yeah, so appreciate you guys coming on, and first of all, congratulations are in order. You won the startup showcase last night, I understand, and the startup showcase is basically a competition for the best startup, and they do it every year at Strada. It's a big deal, I think there were 10 finalists last night, right? That's correct. So, well done, congratulations. Thank you. So, Justin, a lot of people don't know Adapt. We had Daniel Abadi on two years ago at the Strada February 2011 conference. Before you really started the company and sort of came out of stealth. Just give us a high level overview of the company and what you do. Sure, yeah, so we got started about two years ago. Daniel's my co-founder, he's a young professor at Yale. His prior research actually led to the founding of Vertica, so very sharp guy. I met him, I found his research fascinating, and that's really how we got started. And the basic idea was to bring together the performance and functionality of an analytic database with the scalability of Hadoop, and really converge these into a unified platform that allows you to use SQL to interact with structured and unstructured data in one Hadoop-based platform. And that was really what gave rise to the founding of the company. Since then, we've grown up a little bit. We have about 40 people today, raised venture capital. We've got some production customers already using the platform. So, talk about why that's important, the bringing the SQL to NoSQL. I touched on it earlier, but there's a lot of skill set around SQL, and there's not a lot of skill set in the whole Hadoop world. I mean, there's a lack of skill set, so talk about why that's important and how you guys are bringing those two together. I think that's an incredibly important point. There's this enormous skills divide between the guys that know how to write, map, reduce jobs, and the business analysts and the SQL-based application developers that know how to interact with SQL. And that was one of the core tenants when we started the company, was how can we bring these worlds together? And that's effectively what we do. So, we are accelerating production, Hadoop into production by allowing business analysts and current investments in SQL-based tools to interact with data inside of Hadoop. One example of that is an integration with Tableau that we've done that we'll talk about a little bit later. Yeah, so, you guys have talked a lot about this notion of connectors, right? But connectors mean you got Hadoop, and you're doing a lot of processing in Hadoop. People put it as the, you know, the batch platform. And then if you want, we were talking earlier about Larry Ellison talking about, okay, then extract it, bring it into Exadata or Exolytics or Exologic, a million dollar infrastructure, and then we'll make it real-time. Talk about your vision of actually using commodity, you know, components to do that. Yeah, I mean, that's absolutely the future that we think is a necessity and inevitable, which is that, you know, Hadoop itself is such a great underlying infrastructure. It has built-in fault tolerance and load balancing. It runs on inexpensive commodity hardware. It can scale, and it can store everything. So customers start to use it as really this supervised landfill, that's what one of our customers calls it, where they can just dump everything into this one place, collect it all there, and then perform the analytics in place on that data. And that's really what Hadaap provides, is you no longer have to have those connectors between Hadoop, which is your low-cost storage, your ETL tool, and then some data warehouse or data analytics appliance. You can now actually do those analytics inside of that Hadoop cluster itself. All right, we'll be drilling down to this topic all we guys have said before. This is a major theme that we've been tracking at SiliconANGLE and Wikibon. Scott, can you talk about what you guys are announcing at this event? This is a big deal for you guys, sort of coming out party, and talk about the product that you're announcing, and then we'll actually bring in Ted from Tableau and talk about some of the integration you're doing. Absolutely, so a couple of things. We made our announcements last week, and the focus of our announcements were about accelerating Hadoop into enterprise deployments for production based upon interactive capabilities. So what you described about having this notion of moving beyond batch and giving folks the interactive capabilities to do investigative analytics amongst the dataset via tools like SQL and Tableau. So we announced the interactivity. We also announced what we're calling the Hadaap development kit. And what that is, is the ability for us to publish via SQL functions the advanced analytic ecosystem of Hadoop. So things like, there's a lot of talk about things like machine learning, how are other advanced analytic tools. So we're able to publish those now via SQL function and enable customers, and as you mentioned earlier, business analysts to call upon them from basic SQL tools or from visualization tools like Tableau. So how, paint a picture for how you would do this pre-Hadaap and post-Hadaap. Yeah, great question. I think it's what Justin started to highlight, and you mentioned earlier is, in most worlds there are these silos. So you'd have a situation where you might do some exploratory analysis on a Hadoop platform, and then once you've found something that you might find to be somewhat interesting, you would create some structure out of that data and you'd ship it across the connector to another platform, and then you would iterate and ask analytic questions about the data. But unfortunately, in that sort of situation, there's no ability to do real investigative analytics, and there's no ability to take and drill into that source data because you've distilled all that and you've lost that because, again, you have these two disparate platforms. But now what we're enabling you to do is to say, I can, in one platform, find something that's interesting, drill into those results, and do that investigative analysis in that one single platform. So we can start with sort of the aggregates and drill into what's fascinating in an interactive fashion for the analyst. So let me introduce Ted Wasserman who's with Tableau. Ted, welcome to theCUBE. Thanks very much. Thanks for coming on. So for those who don't know, Tableau is becoming the gold standard of visualization in this big data world. But you actually started before all this big data fervor came about. But so before we get into Tableau, Scott, I want to ask you why Tableau? Why did you guys partner with Tableau? What's that partnership all about? And then we'll ask Ted to comment. Sure. So I think it was the overwhelming choice when we talked to prospects and customers alike that were looking to do some advanced analytics and sort of walk down this big data path. It was overwhelmingly we're interested in Tableau. We want to work with Tableau. I've had the pleasure to work with Tableau in a previous life as well. And so knowing what a good partner they are and how flexible they are in technology and how advanced the technology is was a perfect fit for us. So the trail that we're blazing and bringing these interactive applications on Hadoop to the enterprise and to production was a perfect fit with their vision and the company. So Ted, I mean everybody's working with you guys. You got your big user conference coming up and it's been growing year after year after year. Ted, give us a quick update on Tableau and what you guys are doing with Adapt. Right, absolutely. So our key mission is to help people see and understand data no matter where it is. And a lot of our users are now bringing Hadoop into their environment. And that's great because it's allowing them to get access to huge volumes of data which maybe they couldn't do before on a traditional relational database. However, one of the sort of issues with Hadoop is its latency, right? So Tableau provides a really fast and fluid analytics experience where you drag and drop depending on the types of questions you wanna ask. With Hadoop, because of the latency that sometimes gets slowed down, right? So sometimes even fairly basic queries take a number of seconds to run before you get an answer back. And when you're in that analytic flow trying to ask different questions and ask follow-up questions, sometimes that little break between where you're trying to get the results back to see that sometimes breaks your analytical flow. And so that's why we're very interested in working with vendors like Hadoop who are building a really fast interface on top of Hadoop to be able to do deep analytics on. That's an interesting point you're making, so it's about insights, not only insights, but in putting those insights in the hands of business users that can make decisions, but it's about productivity of their workflow as well. Because you're absolutely right.  Absolutely. So all right, we have very limited time here, but Scott and Ted, I'll ask you both. So paint a picture of the future for us. So this is sort of early days, right?  Where do you see this all going in the grand scheme of things? And put it into context of the traditional BI and data warehouse. Sure. Do you want to start off and I'll follow up? Sure, absolutely. So I think Hadoop is definitely a strategic platform for the future for doing massive analytics on huge amounts of data. I see the platform maturing, so it's going to get faster, it's going to get more robust, it's going to get easier to use. And the key for tools like Tableau is to be able to make that data available to any user who has questions and data, but don't have the know-how to write scripting and programs to ask questions of their data. Okay Scott, so what about the legacy data warehouse world? Is it going to be like the mainframe? It'll be around forever? It won't get as much investment? What's your angle on that? I think that over time that will evolve and I think that there will be pockets of that that will exist for quite some time in the future. But what I see in all the customers that I talk to and folks that we work with is there is absolutely a desire to push all of this advanced analytic capabilities into the hands of the knowledge worker. And so when I go out and see and talk to folks, it's about being able to, is to describe, take these advanced analytic concepts and functions and put them in the hands of an analyst to where they can take and change the way that they interact with the data, the decisions that they make in their daily workflow or their process and do so based upon real investigative analytics and based upon empirical insights. And I think that we will continue to see this permeate the industry and that the more people that get on the platform, it just further amplifies the necessity for something like Hadoop that is extremely parallel, fault tolerant, resilient, et cetera. And I think that's, you know, it's going to certainly supplant the legacy platforms in the market. So this is a theme that we're going to be tracking all week. A number of companies are attacking this problem in different ways. ADAP was really the first to really set out to solve this problem. They've got a product in the market now. So first of all, thank you gentlemen for coming on. Thank you. I also want to thank our sponsors, O'Reilly Media, thank you for having us here. Cloudera has been great, really. This is, you know, it was the Hadoop World Conference and they've been really friendly to theCUBE for a number of years at MAPR, data stacks, important works, of course, ADAP, Opera, Squirrel, a very interesting company doing security, focused on security and big data, Tableau and Rainstore. So keep it right there. We're right back. We're live from New York City. This is theCUBE at Strata Plus, the Duke World. Right back.


Thank you. So before I get started, I just wanted to say that this project ran for about a year and a half It was a large collaborative project between University of Michigan Johns Hopkins University and the University of California, San Diego We have a lot of co-authors listed here We also got a lot of support from people who did not end up being co-authors who are acknowledged in the paper that I'd like just to mention again Before I go on and actually talk about the technical content I'd like to observe that full-body scanners produce naked scans of the human body as part of their operation and as much as TSA would Prefer that we forget that fact The talk that I'm going to give will necessarily involve explicit images and so I'd like to warn everybody so that if you need to leave or you know text your friends to come over here if they're an infant talk Just be aware right now All right, so with that if you've flown anywhere in the last five years Especially if you've flown into the United States and Canada you have interacted in some way with full-body scanners Sometimes called naked scanners porno scanners TSA calls them advanced imaging technologies, which sounds very positive and and and Future-looking there are two of them That are widely deployed the one on the left with the rectangular boxes is the rapid scan secure 1,000 which uses backscatter x-ray technology to produce its image the one on the right the L3 provision ATD has a sort of a spinning component and It's uses millimeter wave technology to produce its images Both of them work by producing a naked image of the subject being scanned in the hopes of Detecting contraband hidden on the subject's body in an airport context that contraband would be say guns or knives or explosives or detonators or Bottles of water any of these things that are really dangerous to airport security. I'll give you a quick timeline Body scanners were first deployed in the United States as a secondary screening technology So if the metal detector went off if something was funny you could be routed to the special other lane where your body could be imaged and then The move for making these be secondary technology to turning them into a primary screening technology Happened with a lot of deliberation and foresight. What happened was that in December of 2009 There was a failed bombing the so-called underwear bomb That had the bomb hidden in the subject's clothing where It was not detected by metal detector and as a result within a week And this is between Christmas and New Year. So that's when a lot of Important government decisions normally happen within a week TSA announced that full-body scanners would become the primary Screening technologies used in airports. So when you go into an airport now in the United States still you go through one of these AITs full-body scanners We managed to get one of these machines to study I'll tell you how in a minute in November of 2012 it arrived in our lab and then in That machine happens to be of the Rapposcan kind We're very interested also in the millimeter wave the provision ATD. We don't happen to have one If we get our hands on one, we'd love to study it too but we got the Rapposcan one and those Rapposcan ones happen to have been removed from airports For unrelated reasons that I'll talk about later also in May of the next year So we actually had the machine in our lab for about Seven months while they were deployed at airport and many of the results that I'm going to tell you about and that Eric Is going to tell you about we actually already had during the time that they were at airports. They're not at airports right now Now these devices touch every third rail every Controversial topic that you could imagine in the context of airport security They use ionizing radiation which potentially could cause cancer to produce naked images of people's bodies In order to search for the kinds of things that could be used in terrorism against airplanes So every kind of hot Topic that you could imagine is involved in these machines and as a result They unsurprisingly generated a great deal of public debate and the public debate was around three topics first Do these things cause health issues to the people being scanned or more likely to the Operators who have to stand next to them for hours at a time on their shift and there was a letter by a prominent Scientists at the University of California San Francisco, which is a medical school Questioning whether the dose to the skin may be higher than the manufacturer claimed There are also concerns about the naked images that were produced by these scanners and whether for example TSA employees were taking advantage of the capabilities of producing these images to steer say Attractive people into where they could be scanned and observed This is a report from the flyer talk community where people claimed that That the TSA employees were using the walkie-talkies to warn others that a cutie Was coming through that they might want to to look at and then Maybe most German Lee there was also a question of whether these things would work at all We might be willing to take some health risks We might be willing to take some privacy losses if we protected airports But if we're not even doing that then it seems pretty clear that the other debates are not even worth having and there was a lot of Questioning about whether these things actually did their job and there was a blogger This is a video that he posted to YouTube Called Jonathan Corbett who claimed that in fact there were techniques by which he could get contraband past these scanners and he claimed that he actually tested these techniques against real deployments at real airports and This got some press coverage the TSA wasn't pleased they actually and this is quite remarkable They actually called up reporters and they said we would really prefer that you not cover this bloggers claims and Some reporters didn't as a result But this public debate this public debate around safety around Privacy around the efficacy of the devices was not informed by facts from the manufacturer or from TSA which was running these machines and Their response was in general trust us. We have done these studies. We have evaluated these devices These devices are safe. They protect your privacy. They're effective and know you can't find out why we think that and When TSA's hand was forced through for example the freedom of information act to reveal Something about the operation of these scanners what you got back was something like this where a Whole bunch of information about the workings of the machine up through the the potential on the x-ray tube inside It was redacted and so what you had was you had a debate around really important things That was uninformed By the manufacturer uninformed by TSA uninformed really by facts it was speculation instead of facts So as computer scientists, we did what computer scientists do in that situation, which is we turn to eBay and We found that These machines were all of a sudden available to purchase from a seller on eBay now this seller happens to be in Germany and He bought the machines at a surplus auction in Europe from a United States Government facility that was selling new old stock. So they just put them up for surplus sale He bought them put them up on eBay and we were very excited and we shipped them back to the United States At frankly great expense. I think they got a first-class ticket on Lufthansa And and we got them into our lab and our hope was that by having access to these machines to test by performing an Independent security evaluation of these devices We would be able to take that public debate and inform it with facts and we would be able to ask and answer First is the secure 1000 the Rapposcan secure 1000 radiologically safe What is the actual dose in normal operation? What is the dose that can be delivered by somebody who tampers with the machine software with the machines hardware? What are the implications for privacy of the machines operation both? with respect to the actual operators of the device and with respect to anybody else who might be able to get access to the images and How effective is this at actually? protecting Airport sterile zones from the kinds of contraband that TSA claimed to be concerned about when they deployed these machines so As Hovab said, we bought this on eBay and this machine showed up in in our lab in these in these crates here And we got to work taking it apart reverse engineering it seeing how it worked and What made it tick? The first thing you have to know about how these machines work is a little bit of background on x-ray physics So this machine does produce x-ray photons, which are essentially high-energy photons The the energy is actually fairly low for x-rays. It's a 50 kiloelectron volts Which is around half or so of what you'd receive it say a dentist or something like that at five mil amps and These photons are ionizing radiation so they can interact with electrons and strip them off of nuclei And they they tend to interact with these electrons in two main effects the photoelectric effect and the Compton scattering in the photoelectric effect the electron is hit by the photon and it absorbs it and Just goes along its way and there's no emitted x-ray in Compton scattering However, the photon hits the electron and sort of bounces off and the electron goes one way and the scattered photon goes another way In a random direction. That's the main cause for backscatter And which of these two interactions happens most depends on the materials effective atomic number So for example dense metals and things made out of iron or or lead Absorb these photons and don't really backscatter at all. They they undergo the photoelectric effect however organic compounds that have lots of carbon or oxygen in them undergo Compton scattering more and so they do backscatter and It's through this mechanism that the machine is able to detect different materials In the subject by how much x-rays are backscattered for a given spot The machine actually works in a backward camera or a backward raster camera and The idea here is that instead of having a large sensor or something like that that has a bunch of pixels or something like that You have an x-ray tube that's generating a bunch of x-rays in sort of uncollimated beam and it goes through a narrow slit So only a narrow slit sort of plane of x-rays goes through A here is the x-ray source It goes through the slit and then it passes through a chopper wheel noted B here the chopper wheel also has radio slits on it and is spinning around and so Combined with the previous slit There's only sort of a single collimated beam that's going through at any given time and that scans across the subject horizontally This whole apparatus then moves vertically so you essentially get horizontal scan lines vertically up the subject When these scan lines hit the subject they undergo the previous Phenomenon and either backscatter or are absorbed if they backscatter They will be received by photomultiplier tubes, which are essentially very sensitive photon detectors for x-rays Marked to D here and so from watching the Sort of series and synchronizing this with the the scan lines and the the rise rate of the of the x-ray tube You can essentially reconstruct an image of the density of materials An effect of atomic numbers of a subject as you scan it So here it is In in action in a fairly low quality video, which I apologize for But as you can see here, this is the the chopper disc it's made out of brass is very thick and Very heavy and takes a little bit of time to spin up Eventually it spins up and then this whole apparatus with the x-ray tube behind it Will rise vertically and scan across the subject and perform A naked scan But of course that's kind of scary to look at if you are being scanned This is the very fast-moving disc and there's you know 50,000 Volts behind it and x-rays are spewing out of it That wouldn't be very pleasant to look at if you were being scanned So they had the presence of mind to put a nice soft Sort of front on it so that you can't see any of this and you just stand in front of this box And all of that happens behind something that x-rays can easily pass through So this is what the image looks like when you reconstruct it. It's fairly revealing You can see two things of the subject first. He's definitely packing and He's also carrying a gun So he probably should undergo some further screening There are some other things that you can note here in this image though So for example, you can see shin bones bones that are very close to the skin are actually visible Through this through this back scatter because they do pen it the x-rays penetrate the skin to a small degree you can also see the zipper on the subject's pants the rivets on their the jeans and In on the chest the subjects just similar So going over our results starting with radiation safety To evaluate radiation safety we obtained a Sort of dummy phantom, which is a radiological phantom which is used in medical testing This is radiologically identical to humans Interesting note. It actually contains a real human skeleton inside of it, which is kind of weird and It's covered by a synthetic material that is sort of supposed to approximate human flesh So we use this throughout our testing And we apply dosimeters to it performed a number of scans at the Using the machine and we found that each scan deposited a relatively low dose about 70 to 80 nano sieverts of radiation For those of you who don't know the sievert scale This is about 24 minutes of background exposure or about the same radiation that you would receive eating one banana so Relatively safe and this this result was actually confirmed by another result from the American Association of Physicists in medicine in 2013 simultaneous to our result Looking at sort of the safety of this system Is it possible for this machine to say malfunction and produce more radiation than than it otherwise should or what under normal? Circumstances we found that there were safety controls on the radiological output for example when when the X-ray tube is on there are hardware interlocks that are measuring things like is the chopper spinning is the Vertical head moving in the sort of the speed that we expect and is the voltage and current in the x-ray tube in intolerance Note however, these are not security controls because the the ROM the embedded controller of the system Actually has the ability to override all of these safety checks So if the software running on this on this embedded system is evil it can override some of these However, there is a pretty simple modular design that makes some of these attacks Say trying to irradiate someone too much much more difficult for example the Stepper motor that drives the vertical assembly is its own system and it has pre-programmed Routines essentially they're scanned up or scanned down and the embedded system doesn't have any fine-grained control to say okay Go up only halfway or something like that So this simple modular design actually makes it much more difficult to over irradiate scan subjects Without replacing the software that's inside of this machine so moving on to privacy We wanted to again evaluate the implications of this system as it pertains to privacy and as you've probably seen it produces naked images these naked images are fairly revealing You can see Parts of the the subject here that the subject might not want you to see Some subjects might not mind, but this is you know, not the point of privacy and there's a number of questions here of What are the procedures surrounding these images and what can say a TSA agent do to say save these images or Or send them to their friends or show them or something like that and While we didn't have the software that TSA had And was using at the time TSA was claiming that these machines could not save They were incapable of saving these images to a disc however our version of this software delivered Which we believe came from the manufacturer Had a save option you could actually save it to in this case a floppy disk attached to the computer And you could export these and that's actually you know clearly we were able to export these images as you can see them here There's another Interesting privacy implication that these machines have that sort of follows from how they work so because the x-rays backscatter in all directions and it's not sort of a Big sensor inside of the inside of the machine Any adversary that's nearby with their own photo multiplier tube can essentially reconstruct the naked images as this machine scans over the subject So we performed this attack using sort of relatively simple PMT that was just laying around I guess is not really optimized for this attack or anything, but we were still nonetheless able to Reconstruct an image now. This is nowhere near as good as what the machine is reproducing That is in part because the machine has eight photo multiplier tubes located All around the edges of the machine and we only have one in this case And so you can see that it's much brighter toward the side that the photo multiplier tube is on and But nonetheless a larger photo multiplier tube or a more sensitive one for this radiation or perhaps some additional Image processing could clean this image up Substantially so finally we want to look at the efficacy of this of this machine. Is it able to detect contraband? Like this gun so the first attack that we looked at is an attack where the threat model is an Adversary has access to the software running on the console And this is what the software running on the console looks like so that you can see the naked images on the left and the operators sort of Options on the right they can scan they can zoom they can save as we mentioned earlier to floppy drive And we wanted to ask what would happen if say someone were able to replace this software could they attack the system and We implemented a pixel perfect representation of this program here. I'll show you it now it's actually the same and Indistinguishable however our version of this software they call their version of software secure.exe ours was called insecure.exe and Our version of the software had malware in it And this malware essentially looked at the image coming back the true image coming back from the backscatter machine And if it noticed that there was this pattern this sort of secret knock Which we made is just a sort of square outlined with another square like a QR code corner Which you can easily make by putting lead tape on someone's shirt and then concealing it under another shirt We found that When the machine sees this or when the when the malware sees this it replaces that image with a benign image So in this way Someone colluding with someone that's put this malware on the machine can sneak past contraband We also wanted to look at a threat model where the attacker does not have access to the console What if they can't change the software all they can do is sort of understand how these machines work Walk up to the machines with some contraband and try to sneak it through And we thought about this for a bit and we have a few attacks in this in this area the first one that we we thought of was that if you look at a gun it's absorbing the x-rays in the backscatter and The skin is reflecting it and then back scattering back But the background is sort of you know, it's not even the x-rays. You're just going off into space and not coming back So given that the background and the gun are both black what happens if we just place this black gun over this black background and This result was surprisingly effective This is a fairly naive attack, but this subject here is carrying a 380 ACP pistol I Invite you to try to guess where on the subject this he is carrying this this pistol We had to actually look back at our notes when we made these slides to figure out where he was actually holding this pistol It turns out it's right above this right kneecap here So this attack is surprisingly effective for concealing metallic objects like firearms It's also works for for knives and other things like this in this picture We have Lead tape arrows pointing to where the the knife is to make it even easier to see that the subject is carrying this knife There is one mitigation that you can do for this type of attack which is to scan from the side and it becomes very obvious that the Subject is carrying something They shouldn't be carrying However, we don't know of anyone that's performing these additional scans Or we're performing these additional scans at the time that these machines were deployed Of course, these machines were not intended really they weren't designed to detect Metallic threats that you know with something that metal detectors already did the purpose of these machines was to detect Plastic explosives or non-metallic devices as the as the TSA said and So seen here is actually a Simulant of C4. This is a one-pound brick of simulated C4 It's again supposed to be radiologically identical to the real C4 It surprisingly also cost the same amount as C4 But I don't know Don't know if we tested if it was actually just C4 So And you can see that in an early Sandia sort of Test of this you can see some of these blocks if you naively strap these these these bricks to you You can see them outlined here In sort of two blocks here in two rectangular blocks But you'll note that the middle of these blocks is sort of the same color as the skin of the subject here And it's really only the outlines that you're that you're seeing here And in fact what you're seeing is the shadows of the edges of this of this of this block so We looked at this and we wondered can we find some way to exploit this to to to hide The non-metallic threats these machines were designed to protect against And thinking adversariably instead of taking a Brick like this and thinking well, it's called plastic explosives probably because It's plastic you can you know mold it you can shape it you can Remove sort of taper it down and and and flatten it and so we took this we took this technique and we said okay, let's say let's try to make a thin Pancake essentially of the simulant and try to smuggle it past and We were able to do so so in this image one of these subjects is carrying 200 grams of C4 simulant and one of them is not so one of these subjects should be let through and the other should be questioned or Have a have an additional screening take place Again, I invite you to to guess which one It turns out this one has 200 grams of C4 over the stomach This is again a pancake a very thin 1 centimeter pancake sort of flattened over the the belly It looks almost indistinguishable from the the the normal belly of the subject However, we had two issues that when we did this originally the first issue was that There was no belly button because this covered up the sort of normal dark spot that showed up as a belly button And the second problem was that we had no way you know if you were trying to attack the system You'd have to sneak some metallic detonator past the checkpoint as well We solved both of these problems by placing the detonator where the belly button is Thus solving those problems So in conclusion our results show that Imply that adversaries can conceal a number of contraband including metallic threats like knives and firearms But also the plastic explosives and detonators that they were designed to detect in the first place A number of these attacks were predicted by people that did not have access to these machines However with access to these machines you can refine these attacks and make them much more Effective and and successful All right I'd like to take a step back now and think a little bit about what the implications are of our findings for These systems for airport security more generally and for screening systems that have computerized components in them before I do that though I'd like to note that anytime you're studying and finding and Speaking about vulnerabilities in deployed security systems you have to think about the ethics of Disclosing versus not and our decision to disclose our findings was made much easier by the fact that after we started Started studying these machines. They were pulled away from airports So our tax that we disclosed could not then immediately be used to target airports Even so we were careful three months before talking publicly about our findings at all to reach out to the manufacturer to wrap a scan and to DHS which is Department of Homeland Security, which is the umbrella department that that includes TSA about our findings and We know we that they received them for example because TSA had a press release ready when our paper actually came out But we didn't really get a lot of engagement otherwise except I got an email from a DHS higher-up asking basically What were you thinking whose idea was this and who funded it? That was a fun email to respond to One thing we did as part of our disclosure is That we also tried to come up with the best procedural Mitigations that we could come up with if you had these systems you needed to rely on them for security and you wanted to Avoid some of the flaws that we had uncovered We suggested some procedures notably these side scans that Eric talked about are really important We also think that since metal detectors do a fine job of finding metal that these should be used In conjunction with metal detectors as opposed to the way that TSA currently does where you either go through the metal detector or through one of these but never both and These mitigations were in our disclosure to DHS and the manufacturer right so Given that these devices are no longer at airports I think it's fair to ask why anybody should care about the fact that they don't work as well as As people claim they did and I think there are three answers to that question And I'd like to address each of them in turn first our results shed light on the development process that TSA and the government more broadly and its suppliers use to develop systems that we rely on every day for critical infrastructure second Backscatter scanners are not gone. Even if they're currently gone from airports, they're still being used and they may be used again at airports So our findings matter there and third we learned some lessons that we think have broader applicability to the design of secure systems So I'll take each of these in turn before I do that though Some of what I'm going to say is based on a report that came out of the DHS office of the inspector general a month after our paper came out and This is a really interesting report that looks at how TSA dealt with the machines once they were taking them out of airport I'll give you two random facts that I found Interesting in the report if you've ever seen the Raiders of the Lost Ark where the Ark of the Covenant is Put away in some sort of government warehouse. This is the government warehouse. I guess actually a Contractor warehouse where at the time a hundred and six of these no longer used Rapid scan machines were stored the OIG folks visited this warehouse on March 27th of this year and took this photo any guesses for when this nice fence was put up That's right March 26th Crap people are visiting Another fact from this report TSA claims and they claimed in their press release that their machines have special software and that this special Software is not available to anybody else and not given to anybody else who has these machines the OIG found that at least one of the machines was not properly wiped and That it was released to the state of North Carolina in September of 2013 and then for I think eight months was sitting in a warehouse there with the software and OIG found this and a week later some TSA folks flew out in a panic with a copy of DBAN to go wipe the hard disk All right, so based on that report There are two models for how security systems get deployed They either get deployed in public so that there is public availability public testing public reporting public bounties Things like Ponte own even if the source isn't necessarily available You can still buy the thing poke at it study it and tell people about what you found And that's a model that gets used for a lot of things But it's not a model that gets used for a lot of systems that go in airports and other kinds of critical infrastructure That model is secret everything developed in secret evaluated in secret deployed in secret does this work sure it works trust us and We're pragmatists we think that both of these models are fine if they produce secure systems And the question is do they now we have a lot of evidence about how well the public model works But not a lot of evidence about how well the secret development model works because well it's secret so one way to look at our result is to say that well, this is a data point about how well the secret development model produced airport scanners and Doesn't seem to have done a super great job and frankly there's really two alternatives And we don't know which one of these is the case We need some more transparency to find out either the TSA's process didn't find the flaws that we were able to in about a year and a Half with under 200 K of budget and at some graduate student time Which is kind of bad or they found the same flaws and they went ahead with deployment anyway And that's kind of bad too, but neither of these makes the model look particularly good And we're very curious which it is, but we don't know and TSA isn't saying in fact these These departments are doubling down on secrecy I was talking with a reporter who had spoken with a spokesperson at a TSA like agency in a different country They said oh, yes, we have evaluated these machines too. We have our own findings about how they work reporter asks will you release those findings will you release that report and The spokesperson just left right, so That either works or doesn't what we need to do is either to have more third-party audits of these devices if you can get them on eBay if you can get your hands on one of these provision ATDs the millimeter wave scanners, please call us Billy Rios had a talk at black hat this year where he studied some of these other devices They also didn't do so well or we think that a different model in which the agencies reach out to to Academics to security experts in the community and try to get an independent rigorous evaluation Is really valuable and one model for that is California Secretary of States top to bottom review Debra Bowens top-to-bottom review of voting machines in Houston, California in 2007 which produced reports that really helped push the debate around voting machines forward quite a bit now TSA should make clear pulled the machines out because the manufacturer wasn't able to produce what's called automatic target recognition software that worked and the idea behind automatic target recognition is that the naked image is not shown to the Operator directly rather it's interpreted by software and the software says go investigate the left arm and Because of that functional requirement that a manufacturer was not able to reach these machines were pulled back That means two things it means one that if the manufacturer is able to come up with that software later They could come back to airports it means to that TSA made these machines available to other government agencies on The model that these things work and if your functional requirements are different from ours then you might want to deploy them and the OIG report Actually gave the details on where these machines went TSA had 251 of these machines Which they bought at a cost of about 40 million dollars the total cost of the AIT program is well over a billion dollars This is just to purchase the Rapposcan hardware 250 of those 251 machines were at airport at one point or another they were all pulled back by June of 2013 and by the end of August TSA had gotten Rid of about a hundred and sixty-five of these 161 of them to state and local governments. Where did they go?  So our findings still matter in that respect Finally TSA also has a contract with other manufacturers looking to provide new AIT's that also use backscatter X-ray technology To do the imaging and these might still end up at airports All right, so taking a step back some more talking about the broader lessons that we learned First thing we learned is that you can't ever do better than what's coming out of your sensors So the way that these machines are operating their sensors all they get is a brightness per pixel Dark or light and there's no way for them to distinguish between dark metal and background where there's no backscatter and there's just nothing they can do to improve on that There's other X-ray scans for example for baggage that use a different model and and do do better But the physics doesn't matter if the software that mediates between your sensors and the operators view has been compromised And we were able to do that with physical access to the machine And show a proof of concept That is a problem with every kind of scanner But it's not a problem that based on the public messaging at least TSA or the manufacturers seems to have understood Second procedures really matter you deploy a system not just on its own but as part of a bigger system with humans operating it and Procedures are something that you can lose you can know today That you should be doing side scans that sandia report from 1991 said that you should be doing side scans And then by the time the system gets deployed that's gone In fact the way that the UI of the system is set up It discourages operators from doing both side scans and front and back scans It really wants only two scans per subject instead of four and that's really unfortunate because it nudges the operator away from doing This thing that would actually be safer Next this is not the crowd that needs to be told this but Thinking like an adversary really matters in whether you end up producing a secure system or not another thing that really matters is how simple how modular How carefully separated all the parts of the system are and this is Unfortunately somewhere where I think we're seeing somewhat of a regression because these systems that were designed in the 80s and 90s with Discrete logic and very simple protocols seem to do much better than Systems that are more commonly designed today that have a lot of integration and very capable SOC's And then finally It's not really clear that the Secrecy with which TSA and the manufacturer treated these systems actually kept people from coming up with attacks that would work So I talked earlier about Jonathan Corbett the blogger who said well I bet you could just place this to the side of the body and it would just be invisible and I tested it and it seems to work He wasn't the only one there were physicists even earlier who in that infuriating physicist way that Physicists who looked at the images that were published and said well the machine must work this way And therefore we hypothesize that metal to the side of the body will be invisible and we further hypothesize That a pancake of explosive shaped to the to the stomach Should be invisible against a scan and both of these things were right and neither of these groups had access to the machines to test on so the fact that The details of the operation of these machines was kept secret didn't keep people from coming up and publicly disclosing attacks That would work it kept the public from being informed and participating in a meaningful debate One thing that we did find out that we were a little bit surprised by is how much better our attacks got Once we had access to the machine to test on so we had things that we were sure would totally work and then we'd put them up against the the machine and they'd be very visible and we had to go through a process of iteration and refinement until we came up with something that actually was That as you saw quite invisible and we were able repeatedly to to get things past the machine so one defense that might actually work is to Keep these machines out of the hands of People who might want to actually mount attacks Now unfortunately if that's what you're going to do you probably shouldn't sell these machines at surplus auction in Europe to any random old person You probably should control a lot better who gets access to these machines as part of their jobs and Frankly, it's not really clear at all that this is that this is a feasible control Because I used to be able to keep track of all these other machines that were available to sale on auction I Lost track. I believe that as of a couple days ago You could buy one of these machines for $4,000 and the seller even claimed that it was an XTSA model with both of the units Side-by-side as opposed to ours so the one Kind of secrecy that we think might actually be valuable in practice does not seem to be Being used and with that reassuring note. I'll stop and take any questions that you have Thank you for this very interesting talk First of all, do we have any questions from the signal angel? Yes. No, maybe Yes, please Yes, we have three questions. The first one is would the scanner detect explosives that are hidden inside a human body? Have you tested it? We did not get a subject willing to test that particular attack We don't know It is clear that the the scanner does see a little bit into the body. You could see the shin bones But I don't know that we can speculate about any particular other placement Okay, one more from the signal angel, please. Okay. Thank you another question was would it be helpful to have a Check check up pattern in the background of the scan people to distinguish the the outline better So is the question that having a pat down in addition to The advanced imaging I think this I think the question is could you have some sort of? background behind this the the subject that was some sort of Checker board pattern or something like that Yes, exactly where wasn't all it wasn't all clear The problem is that you'd need that to be pretty close So there was a wall behind our subject It was just far enough away that the x-rays didn't come back to register substantially So you'd need this to be much closer to the the person now if you look at the TSA model in order to save time They have two of these units facing each other and the subject in the middle So it's not really clear where you could place that To to get a useful background you might also be able to use the external PMT attack to Determine what that pattern is and then figure out where to hide your contraband based on that Okay, let's take one question from microphone three, please Hi first. Thanks for the talk It's really good. Good You mentioned that the secrecy model doesn't work so well I don't believe That we can get rid of that it's just human nature just as a manager in charge of I'm not but just Thinking of a manager in charge of implementing a system The idea would be that I get you know a lot of people from the outside to you know try to break my idea on my project in order to make it secure and that requires a lot of backbone and That's I don't want to insult anybody, but managers Tend not to be you know very backbone strong but more like you know whistling around and so I Don't believe that you get rid of the secrecy model That's just my opinion Sad as it is I Think that there's a difference between secrecy and sort of keeping Say closed source or something as as a as a model for keeping things secret So as what Bob said the the public model could include proprietary software proprietary solutions being evaluated in the public Versus sort of a trust us. This is this is secure. You don't even need to look at this. You shouldn't be looking at this Sort of model. I've been working in professional software And I know that you build something and you know it's flawed You just hope nobody finds out And you don't want to track and track Get attracted and attention to that And you know tell people just look at that and tell me my project is busted pessimistic way, but Okay, just a quick note if you have to leave in between please be quiet if you can please remain seated It's not gonna take that long And I think the discussion has been very interesting so far So let's take one question from microphone to please Do you know about the publication of that a TSA's software it was to able to save images to from one of the machines that went to a courthouse and some journalists got to know of it and Asked the freedom for information act of this courthouse to release those images and then I think the EFF Published some of those redacted Yes, so so other AITs in other deployments definitely have shipped to the field with software that allows saving TSA swears up and down that there's ship to the field with software that doesn't allow saving But it's pretty clear that if that software were replaced or if somebody put you know a VGA capture dongle or any of these other kinds of things smuggled a cell phone into the room where the the images are inspected that These these images are not Necessarily as a femoral is TSA claims. Okay. Thank you Do we have any more questions from the internet? No, okay, then let's go back to microphone three please Firstly great talk guys.  So one of the problems with testing with pig skin or you know steaks is that you end up having raw meat Which gets very messy So I think I think I agree that those sorts of techniques could mask But again, they do have to be fairly thick and the other thing that you have to keep in mind Is that they have to taper down to To to sort of match your skin because if there is sort of a gap between Sort of a thick slab of meat that all of a sudden just ends you'll see a shadow So I'm my family's Italian and I've worked with pig skin quite a lot And you can actually really shape and taper this stuff and contour it is So and it doesn't it doesn't sort of drip blood like like a steak would so I would recommend perhaps trying to work with This I mean it's it's ten bucks. Give it a give it a go guys That's what's gonna happen I will say that right now. I think our best our best Answer for how do you smuggle say a gun on a person as opposed to off to the side of the body? Is you is you wrap it up real nice and plastic explosive?  Yeah, I wonder if it would be possible to Hide something even with the side scans my being my the idea would be maybe between the thighs that In the scan from the front and behind it would be between against the background and For the side scans that maybe the knife would be shielded by the by the by the thighs themselves I wonder if that's a bit might be possible. I think So the procedure for the side scan is actually sort of a offset legs and offset arms To try to counter that but yes, there could still be you know, you could sort of fake it No, I didn't hear you sort of Maybe with with the arms, I think they were not right not a lot of completely completely straight up Okay, microphone 3 again, please So there are x 100 million flights per year in countries that deploy these things or deploy these things and each person gets a banana or two Have you plugged it into a model to figure out the number of excess deaths? well, so we have looked at worked with the medical department a Little bit too to sort of look at that and see One of the problems is that the the levels of radiation here are so low that the models We're not confident that the models can actually accurately reflect Sort of an aggregate of a number a large number of very very small scans But given the models that we do have I think that the the increased number of deaths is still below one Okay, so Okay, we have one more question from the internet. Thank you. The question is how do These scanner perform with leather clothes I am sorry to report that we're not cool enough to have tested that Maybe it's worthy. Okay, again microphone number three, please. Hi. Thanks for the very interesting talk I've I think I've once read in a cybercrime novel or something like that that someone used glass weapons like a glass knife or would you be able to conceal that in x-ray scans? Like would that even show up in a just normal skin without hiding it? So glass specifically will it reflects Backscatters much like skin. However, you can sort of put it over skin and If it's the right thickness and everything then it might look very much like skin similarly ceramic Materials could could also be used. I think ceramic is brighter than yeah, so then skin by default So that you see it as a as a bright spot on the skin. I don't know how glass looks Thanks Okay, if there are no more questions Please give our speakers another warm round of applause


Over the past five years, Earth observation has advanced beyond conventional space agency-based platforms to include sensing opportunities provided by CubeSats, unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs, and smartphone technologies. Space agency efforts have brought forth well-known satellites such as Landsat and Grace, with costs typically of the order of $1 billion per satellite and concept to launch timelines of the order of two decades for new missions. Recently, the proliferation of smartphones has helped miniaturize sensors and energy requirements, enabling advances in CubeSats that can be launched by the dozens and provide ultra-high-resolution sensing of the Earth on a daily basis. Startup companies now operate more satellites in orbit than any space agency at. This article was authored by M. F. McCabe, M. Rottel, D. E. Alstorf, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Pitch is everywhere in our environment. In Mandarin, pitch can differentiate word meaning, such as ma, mother, versus ma, horse. In English, pitch can separate the statement from a question, as in Emily versus Emily. In music, we judge if a note is out of key by comparing pitch with other notes. So making sense of pitch in music and the language is essential. However, individuals with congenital amnesia, such as Freud, have difficulties with pitch processing in music, but not in language, whereas those with autism spectrum disorders, such as Mozart, have enhanced the music processing, but in reduced language processing. So it's possible that where words fail, music speaks and vice versa. Studying the differences in music and language processing in amnesia and autism help us understand the underlying mechanisms of pitch processing in both domains. So congenital amnesia affects around four percent of us. Individuals with amnesia cannot sing in tune or detect out of tune notes in melodies, but have normal language abilities. Amnesia has a strong genetic component, and it's not caused by brain damage, low intelligence, or lack of exposure to music. Now let's listen to how A-music and non-A-music participants emitted pitch in speech and song. So neither group emitted pitch in speech well, but those without amnesia emitted musical pitch much better than those with amnesia. In other words, precision in pitch is required for music, but not necessary for speech, which is why A-music individuals cannot sing but can speak proficiently. In addition, speakers tend to imitate the functional speech, that is the meaning of what's said, rather than its form, the way it's said. When asked to imitate the rising pitch of a question, some A-music participants ask the question in their own way. So music is form-driven, pitch is for aesthetics, speech is function-driven, pitch represents functional contrasts. The form taken by pitch in speech is a means for communication, but for music it's the end. As a result, A-music individuals have no problems with linguistic functions but have trouble with musical forms. Autism, on the other hand, is associated with enhanced music processing but reduced language processing. Around four percent of us have autism showing atypical social communication and repetitive behavior. Autism has environmental, genetic, and physiological origins. Individuals with autism generally have increased low-level pitch processing and enhanced short-term and long-term pitch memory with detail-oriented cognitive processing styles that show reduced ability to generalize similarities between objects and also established categories. In our recent study, we compared music and language processing in A-music and autistic individuals who speak Mandarin. We used melodic contour and intonation identification task. Participants judged whether melody has a down-up-down or up-down-up contour or the sentence is a statement or question. So in terms of pitch perception and memory, the music task is more demanding than the language task. However, individuals with autism get much better on the music task than the language task. In contrast, those with amnesia get better on language than the music task. So this indicates that autistic individuals struggle with linguistic functions but excel in musical form processing. So the normal linguistic and music processing requires balance in the encoding and decoding of form and function with music focused on form and language focused on function. We're conducting a series of behavioral and neurophysiological experiments to study form and function processing in music language in Mandarin and English-speaking individuals with autism and amnesia. The findings will deepen our knowledge of both conditions and also help develop intervention programs. Being able to speak, sing and express ourselves is fundamental. Well, speaking and singing are natural to most of us. They can be beyond the reach of those with amnesia and autism. What you and I working across different disciplines can do to help them.


This season I'm gonna win a Super Bowl, but my entire team will be built exclusively from packs. The rules are very simple. I'm not allowed to use the auction house. Every win I get adds $75 to the bank and every Rage Quint is one pack of my choice. Hey, what's good you guys, welcome. Let's take a look at our starting team. We've got a 70 overall with silvers virtually everywhere. This team is horrible. But there are a few packs you get just for starting the game. I have an 80 overall captain, Frank Gore. He is absurdly slow at 74 speed, but he's better than the silvers. The pre-order pack got me Sauce Gardner. This is without a doubt the best player on this team. 85 speed, 85 Excel 6-3 as our team captain. And everybody gets Jaylen Ramsey just for loading up the game. 6-1, 82 speed, 81 Excel. So our DBs aren't that bad. Now, if I wanna go undefeated and win a Super Bowl, we're obviously gonna have to fill so many different holes on this team and we're not allowed to buy any single players. To kick this team off, I'm going with the Star Elite Bundle. I'm gonna get 22 gold or better players and 14 elite players. So this should be just enough to hopefully secure our first win. What do we got? Tyler Davis, Jordan Akins and Justin Bada Buike to start out. All right, it's our starting tight end and our starting left end. Have any of you bought gas, groceries or dined out at any time in the last month? Because if you have, I have an incredible app that can get you cash back on every single purchase. It's my secret sauce for staying on top of everything financial. Now the app is called Upside and they're sponsoring today's video. To get started, you download the free Upside app. There's a link in the top of the description and you can use my promo code MatthewM to get an extra 25 cents back for every gallon on your first tank of gas. Next, you'll claim an offer for whatever you're buying on Upside. Near me is this Speedway and I can get 57 cents back per gallon. I'll claim the offer. Now I show up to the store, pay as usual, follow the steps in the app and I get my cash back. I can cash out at any time to my bank account, PayPal or even an eGift card. Like I said, if you buy gas, groceries or you dine out and you're not using Upside, you are literally throwing money away. That's how amazing Upside is. So make sure to download the free Upside app with the link in the top of the description and use that code MatthewM to get an extra 25 cents back for every gallon on your first tank of gas. Make sure to check it out and enjoy the rest of the video. I can't complain about anything. Calvin Beach, can we take that? Working on the O-line with Will Hernandez and Tim Patrick is wide receiver one. A.J. Klein, Derek Barnett and Randy Gregory, okay. Dude, even 77 overall gold players are like pretty damn good right now. More O-line with Norwell, Rayquan Davis. Oh, boys. All right, who wants to be the first one to try it? Malia Sala, Amovea La Lulu. I feel like I actually did that pretty good. Somebody send that player to flight and ask flight to do it. I just want to hear what he comes up with. Drake Greenlaw, damn, we got two studs outside linebackers already. I don't mind that at all. We start out here with DJ Reed or 83D Tackle, big time. All right, defense is loaded up but I currently have no quarterback. I would really like to pull a quarterback. Here in Palo, Danny Dimes, no way. Asking you shall receive. Dude, what are the odds? Okay, now I'd like an 86 wide receiver. Oh, okay. I tried guys, I tried. Ronnie Stanley though. O-line's looking good. We got Danny Dimes at QB. Our best wide receiver is still Tim Patrick though. Ben Powers, more O-line. Dylan Cole and Joe Gaziano. Ryder Anderson, Kenneth Walker.  Nicole Hardman gold, yo, that might be like a nasty gold actually. We're onto the topper though, 84 or better. Oh my God, TJ, what? Let's go. Dude, my defense is dominant. We have no safety either. Now that I just realized it next is Jaylen Hertz. Oh my God. Dude, Danny, Danny. Danny Dimes is going to get quick sold. Oh, that's a bummer. Our final player is eight and a half. Dude, I, oh my God, this was so perfect for me. All right, we're currently a 70 overall. Let's see what that one bundle did for us to kickstart, pack and play squad up to a 78. I will absolutely take that. Let's talk about the good to bend the ugly of this squad. Backfield, I love, dude. Jaylen Hertz, Kenneth Walker. That is awesome. Now Danny Dimes, as much as I love you, you're honestly dead weight here. He's worth 170 training, that's not a lot, but we can use that training to get other packs which will potentially actually fill holes. So I do got to quick sell Danny Dimes here. The wide receiver core is pitiful. Tim Patrick is wide receiver one. Hardman is two and Blake Prole is wide receiver three. On the offensive line, I like this. We've got Ronnie Stanley, Ben Powers, Josh Myers, Hernandez and Kelvin Beachham. Andrew Norwell is dead weight. I technically could roll these elites into a set as well. Hmm, I'm actually gonna hang on to him. Maybe I shouldn't have quick sold Danny Dimes. I should have looked at sets first. At tight end, we have Gerald Everett and Tyler Davis. Defense is so dominant, but then you look at my safeties and you realize, damn, we're actually kind of a liability in the sky. We've got Drake Greenlaw, TJ Watt, that's insane. Randy Gregor at middle linebacker. Backup MLB is obviously made down Henley, but we don't have a choice to get Jordan Howden and Kenny Robinson as my safeties. That's leaving a lot to be desired. Sauce, amazing. Jalen Ramsey, amazing. Jalen Davis, not so amazing. So C3 three still got a big hole in it. So thank God we have Sauce and Jalen Ramsey because I didn't pull a damn corner worth anything. Our D line is probably the highlight of this defense, actually no. Linebackers are the highlight. D line is the next best. And then the secondary gets a little questionable. Brandon Graham, DJ Reader, Aiden Hutchinson, that's amazing. Danny Dimes quick sold for 170 training. So I could open two of these 74 plus headlines player packs. Doesn't even give me the odds on it, but there is a small chance I can pull something really, really useful here. Even just a wide receiver would be pretty good. Get Alex right. I know for a fact he does nothing for us. This might be the last time I do this. I might just hang on to my training for future episodes to try and be smarter with it. Our next 74 plus, very round tree, yeah. Those were bad. Shouldn't have been doing that. Also y'all that 3,600 training on this account was already here. I'm not allowed to use that. I need to get rid of it just for visual sake. One more thing to keep in mind is this is pack in place. So any pack I can open the field pass since I got to like level two or something gave me this, a 79 overall unauctionable fantasy and token pack. Let me be honest, I don't even know what this is. But if there's a wide receiver in here, I could take it. I say likely, I guess he technically could go to wide receiver. Kobe Durant. Ooh, I could take him too for CB3. Vera Tucker is going to be a no. Drake Jackson, no. Wanda erupt. Reed Blank, I could take a safety too. I almost think I want a safety. Okay, dude, this is tough. I'm going to go with Reed Blank and ship. I'm going to move from strong safety. And I don't really know what a front page token does. Use the front page token to upgrade your 79 overall player.  So I can upgrade Reed Blank and ship already. Reed Blank and ship has an upgrade already. He is an 80 overall now. That's actually pretty dope. I am definitely going to need this too. All right, boys, this team is ready to go. Offense has got Jalen Hertz, Kenneth Walker, and the rest, I suppose. But defense, we got sauce gardener with his AKA shutdown ability and Reed Blank and ship has outmatched. This is kind of crazy though. This sauce starts with this X-Factor on, which I had no idea was the case. So that's going to be really, really good. Another thing I didn't mention is I never got a kicker. So we have Jake Moody.  So, Nicole Harman's a kick returner. Jerald Everett's returning punts, I guess. All right, boys, a 78 overall. This is our very first game. Keep in mind, if we win here, we add $75 to the bank. If we force a rage quit, we additionally get any pack we choose. And if we lose, we get absolutely nothing. So let me see. Our top three looks good. His, Bryce Young, Kaderious Tony, Ronde Barber. All right, hey, let's get it. A new addition this year is five-minute quarters. I knew that was weird. I wasn't certain, but I knew it was weird. Last year was four-minute quarters and head-to-head. So all that means is longer, more intense game for you guys. And I actually really like this. I think in years past, it's been too easy to manipulate the clock. And I was a massive abuser of that. I'm not pretending like I didn't do that. All right, well, let's start this out, boys. Gotta make sure TJ Watts going for the QB every time, sending a big blitz here. Randy Gregory, somebody get him. Let's go, Aiden Hutchinson. Second and 22, I am on Henley, is his name? He does not have anything. He's gotta check down. But hey, the rookie middle linebacker. I'm gonna try a classic mid blitz. I am sick of how much time he has right now. It's a slip screen.  I gotta make a play. Okay, good, good, good, good. I forced him inside. It's fourth and nine. All right, we're guessing pass. We just gotta play everything here. Come on, boys. Quick turnover for pack and play, fourth and nine. He wants the dig, the corner, let's, oh, it's a pick six. But whatever, I'm so proud of you. Who was that? It definitely wasn't Sauce Gardner. Hey, all I see is a turnover on the opening drive. Let's go with Kenneth Walker, off tackle, spectacular run. Lions first down, first and 10. Let's go stretch left side. If it ain't broke, don't fix it. Follow your blockers, not bad. Now we know Huddle, hit him with the play action. We've been dialing him up with the run right here. Let's see if he bites, beautiful blocking. Keep going X. I maybe could have done it, but we're just gonna step up with Jalen Erz and take four yards. I don't know, I got a little spooked. I could have thrown something there. Certain three, let's not get stone walled. Let's go right at the teeth of this defense. He spreads his D line, spread those cheeks wide, baby. Oh my God. I tell you what, man, the dive this year is different. They jump, they clear that.  So much higher than years past, which is awesome, by the way. That's a very real thing in football. Running backs love to jump over the pile, but we've never had that option in Madden before.   He gets gifted seven points. That's a bummer. I mean, without a good kicker, there's honestly nothing I can do about that. I could kick the ball out of bounds or I just gotta play the best kicker turn coverage I can. See, I need somebody like that. I need somebody like Tyler Bass who's gonna put it way back there. Cole Hardman, why don't you get your own kick return and then it won't matter. Oh my God. Oh my God. Damn, nice return, McCall. I see kick returns are strong as ever. Good Lord. Let's go Kenneth Walker underneath. I blocked you all the way over here and she's taking a peek at this. Kenneth Walker will clear out. Oh my God. He just sat there stuck on his block for so long. That's all right. I can't get frustrated this early, man. We just started. Fine, we've got to turn over already. Let's just play slow and steady. Here we go. Little check down to Kenneth Walker. Damn. Didn't make the best move. Moves us to third and 16. Oh, the dig clears right in the middle. A great ball from Jalen Hertz. That was huge, huge pickup on third and 16. I think I'm gonna stick to the run game though. The run game got me punched me in so easy last time and look at this, man. It's just killing him. Little RPO right here. Let's see how this sets up. Just hand that off because I really didn't like anything I saw there. Second and 16. Shit. Glad you're fast, Jalen. Third and 16. Going wide here. Oh, RB. Wait, that might be a bad ball. Woo, barely connect on that. I got five yards to go. Kind of scared about the silver kicker. I am a little scared about the silver kicker, but I made that much more manageable for him. Just how bad is this? That was not that bad. That was not that bad at all. That's all right. On the board, big field goal. 10 to seven. Oh, you're shitting me, man. How do I forget that so quickly? How do I like? This happens at the start of every mat and I get so used to like kick returns not being this broken. I looked over to ensure that I was recording and I look back and I now have 14 points against me off of kick returns.  Hey, this is how it's gonna go, boys. Wheel of Motte is gonna be the exact same thing. So I just gotta pony up and get ready. This is free fire. The question is who is user on the running back? Frank Gore. Dude, you know what? For 74 speed, I looked a lot faster than 74 speed. That was a deceptive 74. Let's bring Tim Patrick across the face of this. I kind of expect his user to jump to it.  He's literally just running man blitz after man blitz. All right, I'm gonna go with Cole Hartman whip route. Let's see how this whip route stands up to man coverage.  Hell yeah, and a roughing the passer. And we fumbled and he got it. That's the best roughing the passer I've ever seen. You know, corner strike here. Weird play call. Kenneth Walker on the back field because he was using that linebacker and he was supposed to be on him. Walker's up. Nasty run. All right, now we're gonna play some clock shenanigans here.  See if I can roll out right. That would be very nice. Ooh, I don't have to. Wow, nice ball. I liked how realistic that felt. Like it was a slightly bad ball rolling out. Kenneth Walker to jump for it, lost a little momentum.  I like this Madden more than I've liked any Madden since Madden 20. All right, second and two. Excellent run play. Look at this. Kenneth Walker gets absolutely leveled for it. I think he's guessing pass. Gonna go right back at the teeth again. This will take us to the two-minute warning. Ooh, he played that super well with Jordan Boyer, completely blew that up. Two-minute warning here. I'm gonna go at the middle again. I don't care that he's ready for it. Yeah, that's, yeah.  I'm gonna go right back to it. Come back out, Mike Blitz. All right, beautiful. So long as he stays in Mike Blitz, I am not coming out of this. He calls his first time out. He knows what I'm doing. We go stretch left. He's no longer in nickel, so this actually could stop this? Still doesn't. Big stiff arm from K-Dub. I wonder if he's running a man blitz still though. If he's running a man blitz, this is just a dead play. Second and three, let's go. Wow, he really is gonna run a man blitz every single play. Should be able to get around it though. I'm gonna go left side, left side stretch on third and four, using that clock as best we can.  Almost had a shot at that. I'm tempted to take this field goal. Actually, no, here's what he's gonna do. This is actually gonna be really easy for us. We're gonna go shotgun.  I throw a whip route. This is a man blitz. I'm going to Tim Patrick here. Let's just clear out Hardman so that Hardman's man can't make this tackle. And I'm gonna throw the whip route. And there's the whip route. Come on, man. You made it too easy for me. I tried to tell ya. That was huge. It was good clock management. He has one time out 41 seconds. So long as he doesn't return a kick, I think this is pretty easy for us. I had to genuinely think super hard about my kickoff though. Okay, I'm locked in for the kickoff, guys. I'm here. Let's go kickoff deep right, okay? We're gonna go deep over to the right. I'm gonna aim it. Full power, or as close as I can get. Not super accurate. Let's see how this does. So what side do I gotta go with to Turk, you know? What am I supposed to do? He's getting the best blocks in the world.  Got out to the 38. I need a kicker, man. All right, we're gonna guess pass here. I just have to imagine. Oh, slip screen. Slip screen. We see it. Bryce Young is blowing up. I'm calling a timeout. I want this ball back. I wanna score again. Second and 21, we're guessing pass again. I'm over here. I'm over here. No. Hey, great breakup from Shaw Skarner. Third and 21. Absolutely massive play right there. Oh no, I'm blitzing too many people. I can't blitz Henley. Get there. Oh, he doesn't. It's fourth and 21. He's got a punt. Look at this, man.  And he's got 14 points. Hey, that's all right, boys. Let's go score. Timeout still, we retain two. I don't have a feeling my punt returns very good. I literally have Gerald Everett returning punts, but that's a deep punt. I'm gonna out kick this coverage. Oh, damn, Gerald Everett. I'm impressed. Although when I think of clock management, I think low key I should have just fair caught that. Let's see if he's still in man. If he's still in man, he should know what I'm doing. I'm going to Hardman. He does. Look at that. Oh, he's not that zone. Oh, but Hardman, get down. Timeout, six seconds on the clock.  We think this is man stiller zone. Zone, let's go. Everett, get down, get down, get down. Longest fucking, I can't be mad about that. I probably should have dove or like slid or something after catching it. Damn, I just thought I had more time than that. Definitely could have had an extra three points there. We'll see if it matters. Hey, we start with ball here though, which I love.  The fact that kick return is this impactful on a game is crazy. Wait, he did get the ball? I thought I recovered it. He has two touchdowns and an additional possession from that.  He's going to pass, he's going to go back to the slip screen. He really likes this play. And we dropped the pick, unfortunately. It is a detackle, but another slip screen, no. This one's a check down to the hatback. Kind of saw that coming, but can't get there fast enough. Randy Gregory, it's a bit slow. Okay, we know it's a run. Is it an edge runner up the middle? It's up the middle. Blanket ship, oh my goodness. I don't expect him to run again. I really don't, but I'll be ready for it if he does. I'm thinking this is play action. Wow, he runs it again, blanket ship's there again.  It's not. Get there, you're, oh my God. You are right next to that. This is a frustrating game. Gotta go score. Half to get a touchdown here, it is non-negotiable. I'm going to go play action on this. Looking at Gerald Everett. Don't need Gerald Everett when you got that. Look at McColl Hardman. McColl Hardman making up for that fumble early. Nice work. Lots of man blitzes. More man blitzes here. Spectacular blocking and great running by Frank Gore. I'm going to go back to this play action. I think he's still in man, so, okay.  Zone, 100% zone. Where the hell is that ball going? Poor accuracy deflected. Jalen just threw a mallard. I got bailed out that he didn't pick it off, but I don't know how that ball was thrown so piss poor. Okay, if this is man, I hit Hardman. If it's zone, I hit Davis. I don't know who Davis is. Zone. I'll go right at his user.  Oh, and it gets knocked out. And now it's fourth and 17. Honestly, punting is my best call because he can't do anything on actual offense. We just got to hope that we can actually cover the punt. I almost just want to punt this out of bounds. Did I punt it out of bounds? Gotta work on my punting, boys. I'm not a punt daughter. This is a tough game. Is it a slip screen again? He really likes the slip screen. Oh no, he actually runs it. What? Keep it together, Matt. Keep it together, Matt. Matt, you can't win if you're mad. If I get really upset and all that, like I will just straight up lose, right? I need an INT. I need him to make a mistake. He's chewing clock now, 21 to 17. I'm surprised he got that off, but he did. Sugar week. I don't know what this is, but I'm gonna try it. Pinch blitz out of sugar week. I'm gonna user sauce gardener in the middle. It's a weird play. I like that defense action. It's kind of nice. I felt like it had a lot covered. I need a pick six, man. Slip screen. Throw it, throw it, throw it. Oh my God. He just rolled out left on a slip screen and completed. Stay together, Matt. Keep it together. Here, you're tweaking. I am tweaking.  That's crazy, man. That was, I can't tell. I think this is Mike Blitz. If it's not Mike Blitz, I'll go back to Everett. Oh, perfect. Damn, he actually played that really well. That's okay because I don't think they play on Davis that well. And if they do, I go A. Jesus. Hell of a play on third and 10 to Kenneth Walker. He's still in Mike Blitz.  I thought McCall Hardman just fell again. Second and one, let's get to the edge.   I've never seen that. That was dope. 23-28, coach wants me to go for it. I don't hate that call. I'm gonna throw this. No, I'm gonna run this right at the middle.  I'm gonna try a sky kick. I don't really know what sky kicks through this year. My hope is that if it doesn't go to Hardman, it'll be at least better. I just can't imagine DeAndre Swift is a much better option. How are we taking just that bad of angles? It makes sense. Could be slip screen again.  He sure is. That really should have been an INT in my eyes, but all right, it's all good. I'm gonna guest pass. I'm gonna get on the halfback. He's going halfback. Whoa, TJ what? TJ what gets home? It's third and 21. We know it's a pass. Blocking his halfback. He wants to throw right over here. Okay. Oh, blanket ship, I needed you a little more. It's fourth and three. He's gotta go for this. From the 39, he's gotta go for this. He 100% will. Really hoping we would get to the QB a little bit faster, but that's okay. I gotta get on the halfback. He wants to throw halfback. I know it. Get down! Had win! After everything, after everything that's happened here, a big opportunity to win. And you know what I was saying about five minute quarters? This is why five minute quarters is awesome.  Listen, I'm not gonna say we're gonna win, but I'm saying we've got a shot and Kenneth Walker around the edge staying bounds. I want that clock gone when he has the ball. Two seconds on the clock will snap. Excellent block. Sway to get inside Kenneth Walker. It's Kenneth Walker is having a monster game. 12 rushes, 117 yards and two touchdowns. It's the run that is keeping us in this game. Gotta get the win though. Two minute warning's coming up here. He knows it. I know it. We all know it. 25 to 28, two minutes left. This season opener of pack and play. I could really, really use the 75. Let's go with a quick inside zone making a big play. I don't want the first. Damn it. I did not want that first down. He doesn't see the stretch. I don't think he did. He saw it. Let's just see how this sets up. Second attempt. Tim Patrick wide open in the middle. He got the first no touchdown. Let's go. Oh, that is a 1000% best case scenario. I have no idea how fullback dives or QB sneaks operate this year. Like I don't know how good they are. He wants me in the end zone. He wants me to score. Of course he does. He's not even using his time out. I'm gonna not get this if it's possible. I'm gonna try and stop this right on the half yard line. It's not gonna be easy though. I might have so much momentum. I could try buddy. Say my first rodeo. Let's go. He's gonna call a time out now. So we've got him to burn a time out. Now he wants to stop it. I have no idea how good QB sneakers this year. But hey, I got Jaylen Hertz. If there's ever a guy for QB sneak, that's Jaylen Hertz. Touch now. Okay, that's, I mean, it's a little bit premature, but to burn his extra time out from just sitting there with the fullback, that's massive. The biggest issue here is the kickoff.  There's nowhere that I can kick this so that he doesn't start on the 50. He's gonna start on the 50 no matter what I do. I'm gonna try and get this right in the corner with full power, full accuracy right in the corner. This is as much as I could do for us boys. That's as much as I can do. Let's go Joseph. Try and blow this up. Good. Hey, that's the best we've done. He's on the 35. That's the best we've done. Sacking the QB is the best thing we can do here. No. Oh, he's got a bomb. Oh no. Did Jaylen Ramsey just get cooked? Let him score. Let him score. Jesus. What is happening? I can't do anything. They don't close me out of him. Still throws a laser. One play touchdown. Three time outs. Gotta go score again. Shit. Okay. See man up on Gerald Everett here. Could be his own stu. I have nothing. Oh, good job Jaylen. Jaylen made something out of nothing there and gets out of bounds. A verticals concept here. Get there Everett.  Oh no. What? What?  That was like a cartoon tackle. He got his ankle slapped. F***. I don't know what he's in here. It's like a very, dude. Gerald Everett has been absolutely essential to what we're doing here. Let's shift my line right so I can roll out. Just kind of make a play here. Can I go A? Maybe I could have, but. That's a bad ball. They're ninches. Let's just pick it up. Yeah. Ooh, ooh. Frank Gore. First in 10. This could be a Tim Patrick touchdown if this is the zone I think it is. Kind of just depends what his user does. I'm gonna send him a Hardman decoy. So hopefully Tim Patrick's there. Right over the middle. That was a sketchy ball.  I can always get the food going. Don't tell T. I don't have to be greedy here. I kind of want to be greedy. I think this has been just an absurd game. Yeah, cause he's not pressed up unless he's in Tampa two. I think Gerald Everett could be a touchdown. I think Gerald Everett is a touchdown. Oh, that should get penalty. I just gotta play a game. That's okay. Actually, that might be better. So why not a Tampa two? You actually kind of want this space. I am definitely not upset with that. Let's just take the easy yards. Big boy. Big boy. Third and eight. That's our last time out. So we gotta go for it all here. I don't know what to look at here. Third and eight. Oh, I had him. I gotta get rid of this ball and try again.  Fourth and eight. Do I take this into OT? I'm gonna go into overtime. I sold that. I should have just thrown it to Hardman. I had him. Huge kick from Jake Moody. Drills it. Dude, please don't kick return this, man. Please just don't kick return this. He has too many points from kick returns. I'm gonna squib. I assume a squib is a safe kick in this game, right? There's just no way you return a squib, right? I shouldn't say that. That's gonna go all the way back to Kaderis Tony.  This is the worst-case scenario. To return a squib. 3D kick return touchdown. That's crazy. Dude, I did everything humanly possible. Get the log out of Amazing Game 13 for 117. Frank Oris 6 for 42. Dude, this guy was just watching, man. He's just watching kick returns. I literally would have been better off on-site kicking every single kick. I don't get why my coverage team is so bad. Like, I get my kickers bad, but why is my coverage team so bad? I gotta see this. So are the blocks just being held perfectly on everybody? What are you doing here? It's 52. AJ Klein, what is this? Why did you do that? Let's go tackle him. Well, it was a great game, boys. Damn, 35 to 41 a loss in our opener for back and play. Sorry, boys. I wish I could have won that game, but it was not the cards. Next episode, I have no money in the bank, so next episode I gotta get a win to put some more in and hopefully find a way to get a kicker on this lineup. I love you, boys. I'm gonna get you dubbed next time. Peace.


What's good everybody happy Saturday Chris from justice case breaks dot-com doing our first break of the day 2223 Bowman University Chrome basketball four box break random first letter first name number 31 32 up on the site right now We have a couple give a few a couple random answers to do first off We're giving away four free spots to the 13 people in the break And then after that we'll randomize those letters. Let me grab our names real quick like for 31 Our fresh dice and our fresh list is it for our four giveaways our fresh dice our fresh list right here And we go from this page to this page to show off that random letters 31 32 and 33 are from the same cases as 31 Be the first four boxes from a fresh case and an all-card ship 17 spots break Here are our numbers or our letters from a down to w plus z with a couple combos spots in There as well. All right, so 13 spots here Daniel Craig Aaron Nathan Eric Matthew and Raymond with the last Bob Mojo This is for the free four spots. Good luck. Thanks again five and three eight times one two three four five six seven and eight eighth and final time Nathan Nathan Daniel and Matthew Get in congrats to you for Little icon arrow next to your name means you won those spots in this giveaway And now we will roll our dice with our 17 names and our 17 letters All the dice are randomized 12 max. Good luck again. One two three four five six seven eight nine 10 11 and 12 12th and final time Nathan down to Daniel Grab you right here and 12 times for the letters one two three four five six seven eight nine 10 11 and 12 12 times C down to w plus z I'll keep the trade window open up for just a moment Usually not a lot of trades in the random letters, but you never know.  We'll see if there's any trade discussion And then we'll do a fresh case of four boxes Up on the university chrome basketball. So trade window open fun way to start the day Take these out of my inventory and be back in a second to wreck We're good to go Trade window close. Let's print and let's rip shall we Let's switch screens So all this prints out fresh case 22 23 bowman university chrome basketball Part of the c but It's here promise So the way I do it Two stacks as well. I'll split them up into groups of four So the first four from a stack These two and the top two from the right stack And the last remaining four So I'll roll or dice and randomize One and two will be the stack on the left three and four the stack in the middle five and six the stack on the right It is four Middle middle perfect perfect Let's grab my marker And I'll write on them to know That these are from the same case card ship Here are four boxes and here is our break sheet number 30 I'll change that to 31 He's 31 Nathan with a That of daniel with w plus z All right y'all. Thanks again luck Folks good luck. I just brennan miller Non-numbered shimmer going to spot b and eric be a top three pick and Next thursday's draft. We're really finally into the off season After the nuggets win the nba championship Timmy on the Invicta One more brennan miller. It's our first auto Could be nick smith jr Open first chrome base auto going to spot n plus o and nathan Got that from the free spot Purple mini diamonds for gg jackson E plus g the combo spot going to daniel smith 192 out of 3.99 And an invicta auto nice tiris proctor Spot tee that is the other free spot giveaway for nathan got two of them the first two That's from tiris proctor. Oh three out of 99 All we win so these kids were born Doesn't that just hurt hurts a little bit on the inside Trio morris invicta And an extra auto On the lava jalen washington Could be numbered 196 to 199 jalen washington for spot j daniel another free spot Nice congrats Always take a an extra auto Another purple shimmer going to be posh alexander for spot p Spot p and nathan Nice start Yeah, I can probably do we haven't had anyone in for the sorting and shipping team Since uh since the last night So I can take a look after this place. It's all right. Yeah, I totally get it Sometimes you just got to reassess see if you can put that That spot somewhere else instead. I get it man. You're all good It's all about momentum sometimes Box two good luck one more tiris proctor auto base this time going to nathan and spot T jordan walsh on the non-number Daniel spot j Blue on the kiki rights a little color match there from UCLA Spot k daniel smith 108 out of 199 derrick wyland louis invicta ice gold Different T tiris hunter on the gold bowman first auto nice one for nathan and spot t 13 out of 50 I got green shimmer timmy allen And spot t killing it nathan once again 37 out of 99 On the timmy allen burning miller skyscraping And the bernie miller invicta as well All those bernie miller spot b going to eric Oh, surprise. I haven't seen any keel and corks two boxes in see if we can get something for nathan on spot c That's a nice color in that box green a gold See if we can get a little water with a birdie. I got a cute I got a keep it a buck with you and be a little honest here. It's going to be hard not to root for ricky fowler Whoa, ricky I'm hoping if he is Weeding by the end of day comes in tomorrow. We're in the old orange. Hopefully packed and he'll throw back He's pretty dope. All right box three second half of this whole box break. Let's get another bernie miller And a big kahuna nice Kyle filipowski For spot k and daniel smith We've seen a few big kahunas in cases So let's see if we can get one of your here these last two boxes or another one a little later Another one for k k d johnson first auto of this box one more for daniel There's an orange nice On the bowman first jalen hoods cafino Orange for j and daniel smith Free spot strikes again 25 a 25 little book in there On the j hs Turn your morris on the victim There's our first katelyn cork nice bowman o nine katelyn cork Purple mini diamonds for urnus uday jr Spot e plus g and daniel smith 196 out of 3 99 first katelyn cork That's going to nathan spot seat sky scripting bernie miller Next auto jalen bridges spot j daniel smith Spot j having a good one 114 out of 4 99 just so much value with spot j There you go very nice out of 4 99 on the refractor auto Bruce lord on the shimmer one more for spot b and eric right and the last box Thanks again y'all number 32 on the bowman uni on the site right now The next four boxes from this case that was just ripped open jaskyscasebreaks.com We have a little over there Orange in the last box after getting the gold before that can we go lower? Red shimmer out of 10 True right out of five maybe maybe go super It could be a very fun way to start off the day hit the hand top fourth and final let's get it First auto refractor chris livingston spot c and nathan 4 22 out of 4 99 This livingston refractor first auto Oscar she played big up coverboy Going to n plus o and nathan on the purple shimmer On the aqua tiris proctor one more for spot t and nathan 60 out of 2 99 Victor There's our last auto going to be jet howard Going to spot j and daniel gold shimmer. Nice. Here we go demoral angford Spot d raymond a little last spot mojo gets to gold demar 10 Out of 50. There we go one more nice low number to end on All right, there we go go out of break 31 on bowman chrome university basketball dunzo number 32 on the site right now at jaskyscasebreaks.com. Thanks again y'all. Bye. Bye