Welcome to the session of AC analysis using the LTSpy software learning outcome of the session. Before proceeding, let me ask you one question. What are the applications of the low pass filter and the high pass filter? You can pause the video, write down your answer in your notebook. You can resume the review to see the answer. Now let me give you the answer. The low pass filters are basically used in audio amplifiers, equalizers or the speaker systems in order to direct the low frequency which is a bus signal to the larger bus speakers or to reduce the any high frequency noise component which is present in the audio. This type of the noise is also called as a hiss type distortion. The high pass filters are used in audio amplifiers, equalizers, speakers, systems to direct the high frequency signal to the smaller tweeter speakers or to reduce any low frequency noise signal. These low frequency noise signals are called as a rumble type distortion. Now let us see the AC analysis of passive low pass filter in the LTSpy software. So as we have seen in a circuit, let us build the circuit in the schematic environment of the LTSpy software. So here is the resistor. So let us add the resistor component, let us rotate the component. Then we will add the capacitor, then we will add the input voltage source. So search for voltage, you will see the symbol of voltage source then click ok, then add the voltage source at the input. Now let us add the ground at the input as well as at the output. Let us connect this component together by using the wire. Now we have built the circuit, let us give the value of the resistance, move your cursor over that resistor and right click your mouse, give the value of 1 kilo ohm, then give the value to the capacitor, right click it, I will give the value of 1 micro faraday. And this is the voltage source, click on right click, right click on and go to the advance, then I will give the AC amplitude as 1, then click ok. Since the cutoff frequency of the above circuit is 1 upon 2 pi fc. So let us see what is the cutoff frequency practically. So run the circuit, after that first go to the simulate option, then edit simulation command. Now since we have to do the AC analysis, there is a second tab which is representing the AC analysis, click on that AC analysis. So the type of analysis will be the decayed, then I will take the number of decayed points for the decayed, 20 points per decayed. Starting frequency let us take 1 hertz and ending frequency let us take 2 kilo hertz and click on ok. So this transient response will present at this, the characteristics will be represented by this text. Now go to the run option, there is an option of run, so simulate that circuit. So you can see the output here, there is no output right now because we have not connected the probe to the output, let us connect the probe to the output. So this if when you move your cursor over that wire, it will show you the one probe terminal, click on that. As you can see we have the output available here, this is at 0 dB, below that we have the output response. As you can see this dotted line represents the phase angle and this represents the gain. So let us see the frequency, what we need we have to observe the cutoff frequency at minus 3 dB point. So in order to see that move your cursor over, as you can see that if I if you move this cursor, here there are changes, here you will see the magnitude and here you will see the frequency and here you will see the change in the phase. So let us move to the 3 dB point, now we are at the minus 3 dB point which will show you the cutoff frequency and the cutoff frequency is 159.08 hertz which is nearly equal to the 160 hertz. So for this circuit passive filter circuit we are getting the cutoff frequency as 160 hertz. Let us see the AC analysis of active low pass filter. So this is the active low pass filter, as you can see it consists of one opamp circuit, it consists of the opamp circuit, the capacitor is connected at the feedback. So the cutoff frequency of the above circuit is given by fc will be equal to 1 upon 2 pi r 2 into c. So let us simulate this circuit in LTC spice, go to the option of component. Now we will need the opamp circuit. So go to the option search for the component LTC 6240. So I will use this LTC 6240 opamp as a circuit, the opamp need the two differential voltages. So go to the symbol component and search for the voltage and click on ok. Then rotate this component at the another voltage source. So I will make this, connect this component together in order to produce the two voltage sources, connect the ground at this terminal. Next is this I will connect to the positive terminal here and this I will connect to the negative terminal. Now let us add the resistor at the input, one resistor at the feedback and one capacitor at the feedback, connect this together as per the circuit diagram. Let us add the voltage at the input, this is the voltage source at the input and let us add the ground. Let us give the value to the resistor, go to the option right click, I will give the value of 1 k and similarly for the capacitor I will give the value of 1 micro faraday, at the input I will give the value of 1 k. So the feedback consists of the resistance 1 of 1 k and 1 micro faraday capacitor. So the cutoff frequency will be of nearly 160 hertz. So let us observe that cutoff frequency. Again select the voltage, right click on that voltage source, go to the setting advance and give the AC amplitude of 1 because we are going to see the AC as analysis and go to the option of simulate and then go to the edit simulation command option. Here we have to select the option of AC analysis, the type of the sweep will be again decayed, number of points I will take 20, starting frequency is 1 hertz, ending frequency will be 2 kilo hertz, click on ok. Now let us run the simulation circuit. Let us add the resistance at the output. Now give the value to the voltage source of say 15 volt and for this we will add the value of 15 volt. So this will have terminal will receive positive supply and this will receive the negative supply. So here we have completed the circuit diagram. So let us simulate that circuit diagram, go to the option simulate edit simulation command. Now I have added the type of the sweep as a decayed and number of points 20, starting frequency of 1 and stop frequency of 2 kilo hertz as earlier, click on ok and run the circuit. Now here we have to observe the output. So again as you can see we have a output like this, so this is the phase angle. So you get the cutoff frequency here by setting the db point here. So we have to set it to the minus 3 db cutoff frequency. So at minus 3 db you can have the cutoff frequency of 160 hertz. So this is the simulation of the active low pass filter in LT SPICE. So these are the references of the session, thank you.


With protection, it's a big problem for the communities of persons with disabilities on many different levels because there is very little information that is accessible to them to learn how to keep themselves safe, their children safe. And most families, for instance, are mixed. You don't just have a deaf family and it's totally deaf and you don't just have blind families and they're totally blind. We have an inter-sector kind of group of people that all live together and they need help if they cannot access the information if they're parents and are persons with disabilities or if they are persons that don't have disabilities and they're parents for their children who have disabilities. So it's really important to continue to include them and to use them in any educational outreach that will help them and others be safe online.


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Asha and I am going to help you with the following portion that says, in figure 6.1 kite angle PQR is equal to angle PRT. It proves that angle PQS is equal to PRT. So we are given that angle PQR is equal to angle PRT and we have to prove that angle PQS is equal to angle PRT. So let us begin with the solution and we are given that angle PQR is equal to angle PRT and we have to prove that angle PQS is equal to angle PRT. As we can see from the figure SR is the line PQ stands on it, this implies that angle PQS plus angle PQR is equal to 180 degree. Let this be equation number 1 and the sum of these two angles is 180 degree since they form a linear pair. Also TQ is the line PQ stands on it, this implies sum of angles PRT is equal to 180 degree and let this be equation number 2 and the sum of these two angles is 180 degree since they form a linear pair. Now from 1 and 2 on comparing we find that the right hand side of both the equations are equal so this implies angle PQS plus angle PQR is equal to angle PRT plus angle PRT. This is because right hand side are equal this will imply that left hand side of both the equations are also equal. Now we are given that angle PQR is equal to angle PRT so on replacing PQR by PQR we have this equation that is we have replaced angle PQR by angle PRT since both the angles are equal.  Now these two angles cancels out and we are left with angle PQS is equal to angle PRT. Thus we have angle PQS equal to angle PRT which we have to prove as this angle is equal to this angle. So this completes the session hope you enjoyed it take care and bye for now.


CHAPTER II When at last they reached Balone and went on board the packet, Coxeter's ill-homer vanished. It was cold, raw, and foggy, and most of their fellow-passengers at once hurried below. But Mrs. Archdale decided to stay on the upper deck. This pleased her companion, now at last he would have her to himself. In his precise and formal way he went to a good deal of trouble to make Nan comfortable. When she, so accustomed to take thought for others, stood aside and watched him find a sheltered corner, secure with some difficulty a deck chair, and then defend it with grim determination against two or three people who tried to lay hands upon it. At last he beckon to her to sit down. "'Where's your rug?' he asked. She answered meekly. "'I haven't brought one.' He put his own rug, large, light, warm, the best money could buy. And in the pleasure it gave him to wait on her thus he did not utter aloud the reproof which had been on his lips, but she saw him shake his head over a more unaccountable omission. On the journey she had somehow lost her gloves.  But his manner while he did all these things, he would have scorned himself had it been otherwise, was impersonal, business-like. There are men whose every gesture in connection with a woman becomes an instinctive caress. Such men, as every woman learns in time, are not good stayers, but they make the time go by very quickly, some time. With Coxeter every minute lasted sixty seconds, but Nan Archdale found herself looking at him with unwanted kindliness.  Those who spend their lives in speeding others on their way are generally allowed to trudge along alone, so at least this woman had found it to be. Coxeter made no answer to her words, perhaps he did not hear them. Even in the few minutes which had elapsed since they came on board the fog had deepened. The shadowy figures moving about the deck only took substance when they stepped onto the circle of brightness cast by a swinging globe of light which hung just above Nan Archdale's head. Coxeter moved forward and took up his place in front of the deck chair, protecting its occupant from the jostling of the crowd. For the sheltered place he had found stood but a little way back from the passage between the land gangway and the iron staircase leading to the lower deck. There were more passengers that night than usual. They passed a seemingly endless procession, moving slowly out of the darkness into the circle of light and then into the white engulfing mist. At last the deck became clear of moving figures. The cold raw fog had driven almost everyone below. But Coxeter felt curiously content, rather absurdly happy. This was to him a great adventure. He took out his watch. If the boat started to time they would be off in another five minutes. He told himself that this was turning out a very pleasant journey. As a rule when crossing the channel one meets tiresome people one knows and they insist on talking to one. And then, just as he was thinking this, they suddenly surged forward out of the foggy mist two people, a newly married couple named Rendell with whom both he and Mrs. Archdale were acquainted, at whose wedding, indeed, they had both been present some six or seven weeks ago. So absorbed in earnest talk with one another with a bride and bridegroom that they did not seem to see where they were going. But when close to Mrs. Archdale they stopped short and turned towards one another, still talking so eagerly as to be quite oblivious of possible eavesdroppers. John Coxeter, standing back in the shadow, felt a sudden gust of envious pain. They were evidently on their way home from their honeymoon, these happy young people, blessed with good looks, money, health, and love. Their marriage had been the outcome of quite a pretty romance. But stay, what was this they were saying? Both he and Nan unwillingly heard the quick interchange of words, the wife's shrill, angry utterances, the husband's good-humoured expostulations. I won't stay on in the boat, Bob. I don't see why we should risk our lives in order that you may be back in town tomorrow. I know it's not safe. My great-uncle, the Admiral, always said that the worst storm at sea was not as bad as quite a small fog.  The boat wouldn't start if there was the slightest danger. You heard what that man told us. The fog was much worse this morning, and the boat was only an hour late. Well, you can do as you like, but I won't cross tonight. Why is the use of taking any risk? Mother's uncle, the Admiral.  There they stood, not more than three yards off, the pretty angry little spitfire looking up at her indignant, helpless husband. Cuxeter, if disgusted, was amused. There was also the comfort of knowing that they would certainly pretend not to see him, even if by chance they recognise him, intent as they were on their absurd difference. I shall go back and spend the night at the station hotel. No, you needn't trouble to find Stopton for me. There's no time. Cuxeter and Nan heard the laughing jive.  But the bride went on as if he hadn't spoken. I've quite enough money with me, you wouldn't even give me anything. Goodbye." She disappeared into the fog in the direction of the gangway, and Cuxeter moved hastily to one side. He wished to save Bob Rendell the annoyance of recognising him, but then, with amazing suddenness, something happened which made Cuxeter realise that after all women were even more inexplicable, unreasonable beings than even he had always known them to be. There came the quick patter of feet over the damp deck, and Mrs. Rendell was back again, close to where her husband was standing. I've made up my mind to stay on the boat. She said quietly, I think you were very unwise, as well as very obstinate to cross in this fog, but if you won't give way, then I'd rather be with you and share the danger. Bob Rendell laughed, not very kindly, and together they went across to the stair leading below. Cuxeter opened his mouth to speak, then he closed it again. What a scene! What a commentary on married life! And these two people were supposed to be in love with one another. The little episode had shocked him, jarred his contentment. If you don't mind, I'll go and smoke a pipe," he said stiffly. Mrs. Archdale looked up. Oh yes, please do. And yet she felt suddenly bereft of something warm, enveloping, kindly. The words formed themselves on her lips, don't go too far away, but she did not speak them aloud. But, as if in answer to her unspoken request, Cuxeter called out, I'm just here, close by, if you want anything, and the commonplace words gave her a curious feeling of security, a feeling though she herself was unaware of it, which her own care and tenderness for others often afforded to those round whom she threw the sheltering mantle of her kindness. Perhaps because he was so near, John Cuxeter remained in her thoughts. Almost alone of those human beings with whom life brought her in contact, he made no demand on her sympathy, and very little on her time. In fact, his first offer of marriage had taken her so much by surprise as to strike her as slightly absurd. She had also felt it at the time to be an offence, for she had given him no right to encroach on the inner shrine of her being. Trying to account for what he had done, she had supposed that John Cuxeter, being a man who evidently ordered his life according to some kind of system, had believed himself ripe for the honourable estate of marriage, and had chosen her as being suitable. When writing her cold letter of refusal, she had expected to hear within a few weeks of his engagement to some nice girl. But time had gone by, and nothing of the sort had happened. Cuxeter's second offer, conveyed, as had been the first in a formal letter, had found her in a very different mood, for it had followed very closely on that done by her of which he, John Cuxeter, had so greatly disapproved. She had been touched this second time, and not at all offended. And gradually they had become friends. It was after this second offer that Nan began making use of him, not so much for herself, as on behalf of other people. Nan Archdale led her life without reference to what those about her considered appropriate or desirable, and years had gone by since the boldest of busy body among them would have ventured a word of rebuke. Her social background was composed of happy, prosperous people. They had but little to do with her, however, save when by some amazing mischance things went wrong with them. When all went well they were apt to forget Nan Archdale. But John Cuxeter, though essentially one of them by birth and instinct, and though it had been through them that she had first met him, never forgot her. Yet though they had become, in a sense, intimate, he made on her none of those demands which endeared a man to a woman. Living up on a pleasant table land of self-approval he never touched the heights or depths which go to form the relief map of most human beings' lives. He always did his duty and generally enjoyed doing it, and he had no patience, only contempt, for those who shirked theirs. The passion of love, that greatest of the protein riddles set by nature to civilized men and woman, played no part or so Nan Archdale believed in John Cuxeter's life. At the time she had received the letter in which she had first asked her to marry him, there had come to her seen through the softening mists of time a sharp, poignant remembrance of Jim Archdale's offer. If you won't have me, Nan, I'll do something desperate. You'll be sorry then. So poor Jim Archdale had conquered her, and looking back when she recalled their brief married life, she forgot the selfishness and remembered only the love, the love which had made Jim so dependent on her presence and her sympathy. But if John Cuxeter were incapable of love, she now knew him to be a good friend and it was the friend, so she believed and was grateful to him for it, who had asked her to accept what he had quixotically supposed would be the shelter of his name when she had done that thing of which he had disapproved. Tonight Nan could not help wondering if he would ever again ask her to marry him. She thought not. She hoped not. She told herself quite seriously that he was one of those men who are far happier on wedded. His standard, not so much of feminine virtue as of feminine behavior, was too high. Take what had happened just now. She had listened indulgently, tenderly, to the quarrel of the newly married couple, but she had seen the effect it had produced on John Cuxeter. To him it had been a tragedy and an ugly, ignoble tragedy to boot. The deck was now clear of passengers. Out in the open sea the fog had become so thick as to be impenetrable, and the boat seemed to be groping its way, heralded by the mournful screaming of the siren. Mrs. Archdale felt drowsy.  Cuxeter was close by, puffing steadily at his pipe. She felt a pleasant sensation of security. She was roused, rather startled, by a man bending over her while a voice said graphely, I think, ma'am, that you'd better get into shelter. The deck's saloon is close by. Allow me to lead you to it." Nan rose obediently. With the petty officer on one side and Cuxeter on the other she made a slow progress across the deck, and so to the large, brilliantly lighted saloon.  Among them was the sweet-meat merchant to whom Nan had talked in the train. Cuxeter found a comfortable place for Nan rather apart from the others, and sitting down he began to talk to her. The foghorn, which was trumpeting more loudly, more insistently than ever, did not, he thought, interfere with their conversation as much as it might have done. We shan't be there till morning, Cuxeter heard a man say, till morning doth appear at this rate. I suppose we're all right, there's no real danger in a fog, not in the channel. There never has been an accident on the channel passage, not an accident of any serious kind. Yes there was. To one of the deep boats, a very bad accident. And then several of those present joined in the discussion. The man who had recalled the deep boat accident could be heard self-assertive, pragmatical. His voice raised above the voices around him. I've been all over the world in my time, and when I'm caught in a fog at sea I always get up, dress and go up on deck, however sleepy I may be. Cuxeter, sitting apart by Nan's side, listened with some amusement. His rather thin sense of humour was roused by the fact that the people around him were talking in so absurd a manner. This delay was not pleasant. It might even mean that he would be a few hours late at the treasury, a thing he had never once been after a holiday. For Cuxeter prided himself on his punctuality, in a little as well as the great things of life. But of course, all traffic in the channel would be delayed by this fog and his absence would be accounted for by the fact. Sitting there, close to Mrs. Archdale, with no one sufficiently near to attract her attention, or what was more likely to appeal to her for sympathy, he felt he could well afford to wait till the fog cleared off. As for the loud, insistent screaming of the siren, that sound which apparently got on the nerves of most of those present in the deck saloon, of course it was a disagreeable noise, but then they all knew it was a necessary precaution. So why make a fuss about it? Cuxeter turned and looked at his companion, and as he looked at her he felt a little possessive thrill of pride. Mrs. Archdale, alone among the people there, seemed content and at ease. She was now smiling, smiling very brightly and sweetly, and, following the direction of her eyes, he saw that they rested on a child laying asleep in its mother's arms. Perhaps after all it was a good thing that Nan was so detached from material things. Before that burst of foolish talk provoked by the fog he had been speaking to her about a matter very interesting to himself, something connected with his work, something, by the way, of which he would not have thought of speaking to any other woman. But then Mrs. Archdale, as Cuxeter had good reason to know, was exceptionally discreet. She had evidently been very much interested in all he had told her and he had enjoyed his conversation. Cuxeter became dimly conscious of what it would mean to him to have Nan to come back to when work, and the couple of hours he usually spent at his club, were over. Perhaps if Nan were waiting for him he would not wish to stay as long as two hours at his club, but then, of course, he would want Nan all to himself. Jealous? Certainly not. He was far too sensible a man to feel jealous, but he would expect his wife to put him first, a very long way in front of anybody else. It might be old-fashioned, but he was that sort of man. Cuxeter's thoughts leapt back into the present with disagreeable abruptness. Where Jewish fellow-traveller, the man who had thrust on Mrs. Archdale such unseemly confidences, had got up. He was now heading straight for the place where Mrs. Archdale was sitting. Cuxeter quickly decided that the fellow must not be allowed to bore Mrs. Archdale. She was in his coxeters, care to-night, and he alone had a right to her interest and attention. So he got up and walked down the saloon. To his surprise the other, on seeing him come near, stopped dead. I want to speak to you. He said in a low voice, Mr.—mmm—Coxeter. Cuxeter looked at him surprised, then reminded himself that his full name, John Cuxeter, was painted on his portmanteau. Also that Mrs. Archdale had called him Mr. Cuxeter at least once, when discussing that life-saving toy. Still, sharp observant fellows-Jews, one should always be on one's guard with them. Yes, he said interrogatively. Well, Mr. Cuxeter, I want to ask you to do me a little favour. The truth is, I've just made my will.  I've no objection, none in the world to your seeing what I want you to witness. He spoke very deliberately, as if he had prepared the form of words in which he made his strange request, and as he spoke he held out a sheet of paper apparently torn out of a notebook. I asked that gentleman over there—he jerked his thumb over his shoulder—to be my first witness, and he kindly consented. I'd be much obliged if you'd sign your name just here. I'll also ask you to take charge of it.  It's addressed to my mother. I've made her executor and residuary a legatee. Cuxeter felt a strong impulse to refuse. He never mixed himself up with other people's affairs. He always refused to do so on principle. The man standing opposite to him divined what was passing through his mind and broke in. Only just while we're on this boat, you can tear it up and chuck the pieces away once we're on land again. He spoke nervously, and with contemptuous amazement, Cuxeter told himself that the fellow was afraid. Surely you—surely you don't think there's any danger? He asked. Do you mean you've made this will because you think something may happen to the boat? The other nodded. Accidents do happen. He smiled rather foolishly, as he said the words, pronouncing the last one, as Cuxeter noted with disapproval, Haban. He was holding out a fountain pen. He had an ingratiating manner, and Cuxeter, to his own surprise, suddenly gave way. All right, he said, and taking the paper in his hand, he glanced over it. He had no desire to pry into any man's private affairs, but he wasn't going to sign anything without first reading it. This odd little will consisted of only two sentences written in a clear, clerically hand. The first bequeathed an annuity of two hundred and forty pounds, six thousand francs, to Leonie Lenoir of Rue Lafayette, Paris. The second appointed the testitor's mother, Mrs. Solomon Munich, of Scott Terrace, made a veil, residuary legatee and executor. The will was signed Victor Munich. Very well I'll sign it, said Cuxeter at last, and I'll take charge of it till we're on land, but look here, I won't keep it a moment longer.  I once had a fright, I was nearly run over by a brewer's tray at Charing Cross, and I did that, took some brandy, I mean. He jerked the words out, conscious that the other's cello face had reddened. Then he signed his name at the bottom of the sheet of paper and busied himself with putting the envelope carefully into his pocket. There, he said, with the slight supercilious smile which was his most marked physical peculiarity, but of which he was quite unconscious. Your will is quite safe now. If we meet at Folkstone, I'll hand it back to you. If we miss one another in the fog, I'll destroy it, as arranged. He turned and began walking back to where Nan Archdale was sitting. What a very odd thing! How extraordinary! How unexpected! Then a light broke in on him. Why, of course, it was Nan who had brought this about. She had touched up the Jew fellow's conscience, frightened him about that woman, the woman who had so absurdly termed him her Petit Aum Adore, that's what came of mixing up in other people's business, but Coxeter's eyes nevertheless rested on the sitting figure of his friend with a certain curious indulgence, odd sentimental, sensitive creatures women, but brave, not lacking in moral courage, anyway. As he came close up to her, Mrs. Archdale moved a little, making room for him to sit down by her. It was a graceful, welcoming gesture, and John Coxeter's pulse began to quicken. He told himself that this also was an extraordinary thing, this journey with the woman he had wished to make his wife. He felt her to be so tantalizingly near, and yet in a sense, so very far away, his eyes fell on her right hand, still encased in his large brown glove.  Of course he had resisted the temptation, reminding himself sternly that it was a catish thing even to have thought of taking advantage of Nan's confiding friendliness, yet now he wondered whether he had been a fool not to do it. Other men did those things. There came a dragging, grating sound, the boat shuddering as if in response. Coxeter had the odd sensation that he was being gently but irresistibly pushed round, and yet he sat quite still, with nothing in the saloon changed in relation to himself. Men near him exclaimed in a matter-of-fact voice. We've struck, we're on a rock. Everyone stood up, and he saw an awful look of doubt of unease across the faces of the men and women about him. The fog-horn ceased trumpeting, and their rows confused sounds, loud hoarse shouts and thin shrill cries, accompanying the dull thunder caused by the tramping of feet. Then the lights went out, all but the yellow flame of a small oil lamp which none of them had known was there. The glass-paneled door opened widely, and a burly figure holding a torch which flared up in the still-moist air was outlined against the steamy waves of fog. Come out of here!" He cried. And then as some people tried to push past him, steady, keep cool, they'll be room the boats for every soul on board. And Coxeter, looking at the pale, glistening face, told himself that the man was lying and that he knew he lied. They stumbled out one by one and joined the great company which was now swarming over the upper deck, each man and woman forlorn and lonely, as human beings must ever be when individually face to face with death. Coxeter's right hand gripped firmly Mrs. Archdale's arm. She was pressing closely to his side, shrinking back from the rough crowd surging about them, and he was filled with a fierce protective tenderness which left no room in his mind for any thought of self. His one thought was how to preserve his companion from contact with some of those about them. Old eyed, already distraught creatures swayed with a terror which set them apart from the mass of quiet, apparently dazed people who stood patiently waiting to do what they were told. Close to Nan and Coxeter two men were talking Spanish. They were gesticulating and seemed to be disagreeing angrily as to what course to pursue. Presently one of them suddenly produced a long knife which glittered in the torch light. With it he made a gesture as if to show the other that he meant to cut his way through the crowd towards the spot, now railed off with rope barriers where the boats were being got ready for the water. With a quick movement, Coxeter unbuttoned his cloak and drew Nan within its folds. Putting his arms round her he held her, loosely and yet how firmly clasped to his breast. I can't help it. He muttered apologetically, forgive me. As only answer she seemed to draw yet closer to him, and then she lay still and silent within his sheltering arms. And at that moment he remembered to be glad he had not kissed her wrist. They too stood there, encompassed by a living wall and yet how strangely alone. The fog had become less dense, or else the resin torches which flared up all about them cleared the air. From the captain's bridge there whistled every quarter minute a high rocket, and soon from behind the wall of fog came an answer distant signals full of a mingled mockery and hope to the people waiting there. But for John Coxeter the drama of his own soul took precedence of that going on round him. Had he been alone he would have shared to the full the awful exasperating feeling of being trapped, of there being nothing to be done, which possessed all the thinking minds about him. But he was not alone. Nan, lying on his breast, seemed to pour virtue into him, to make him extraordinarily alive. However had he felt death, extinction so near, and yet there seemed to be something outside of himself, a spirit informing, uplifting, and conquering the flesh. Perceptions, sympathies, which had lain dormant during the whole of his thirty-nine years of life, now sprang into being. His imagination awoke. He saw that it was this woman now standing with such complete trust in the niceness of his honour, heart to heart with him, who had made the best of that at once solitary and companioned journey which we call life.  He now saw that, if a fool, she had been a divine fool, ever engaged while on her pilgrimage with the only things that now mattered. How great was the sum of her achievement compared with his. She had been a beacon diffusing light and warmth, he a shadow among shadows. If to-night he were engulfed in the unknown, for so death was visioned by John Coxeter, who would miss him? Who would feel the horror for his sudden obliteration? Coxeter came back into the present. He looked round him, and for the first time he felt the disabling clutch of physical fear. The life belts were being given out, and there came to him a horrid vision of the people round him as they might be an hour hence, drowned, heads down, legs up, done to death by those monstrous yellow bracelets which they were now putting on with such clumsy, feverish eagerness. He was touched on the arm in a husky voice, with which he was by now familiar, said urgently, Mr. Coxeter. See, I've brought your bag out of the slune. The man whose name he knew to be Victor Munich was standing on his elbow. Look here, don't take offense, Mr. Coxeter, I think better of the— He hesitated.  I'm willing to give you a fancy price for it. What would you say to a thousand pounds? I daresay I shan't have occasion to use it, but, of course, I take that risk. Coxeter, with a quick unobtrusive movement, released Mrs. Archdale. He turned and stared not unpleasantly at the man who was making him so odd an offer. Damn the fellow's impudence. The lifesaver is not for sale, he said shortly. Nan had heard but little of the quick colloquy. She did not connect it with the fact that the strong protecting arms which had been about her were now withdrawn, and the tears came into her eyes. She felt both in a physical and in a spiritual sense suddenly alone. John Coxeter, the one human being who ever attempted to place himself on a more intimate personal plane with her, happened by a strange irony of fate to be her companion in this awful adventure. But even he had now turned away from her. Nay, that was not quite true. He was again looking down at her, and she felt his hand groping for hers. As he found and clasped it, he made a movement, as if he wished again to draw her towards him. Gently she resisted, and at once she felt that he responded to her feeling of recoil. And Nan, with a confused sense of shame and anger, was now hurt by his submission. Most men in his place would have made short work of her resistance, would have taken her masterfully into the shelter of his arms. There came a little stir among the people on the deck. Coxeter heard a voice call out, in would-be cheery tones. Now then, ladies, please step out! Ladies and children only! Look sharp!" A sailor close by whispered gruffly to his mate. I'll stick to her anyhow. No crowded boats for me. I expect she'll be a good hour settling, perhaps a bit longer. As the first boatload swung into the water, some of the people about them gave a little cheer. Coxeter thought, but he will never be quite sure that in that cheer Nan joined. There was a delay of a minute. Then again the captain's voice rang out, this time in a sharper, more peremptory tone. Now, ladies, look sharp! Come along, please! Coxeter unclapsed Nan's hand. He did not know how tightly he had been holding it. He loved her. God, how he loved her! And now he must send her away. Away into the shrouding fog. Away, just as he had found her. If what he had overheard were true, might he not be sending Nan to a worse fate than that of staying to take the risk with him? But the very man who had spoken so doubtfully of the boats just now came forward. You best hurry, your lady, forward, sir. There's no time to lose. There was an anxious warning note in the rough voice.  I shall be all right, Mrs. Archdale, for she was making no movement forward. There'll be plenty of room for the men in the next boat. I'll walk her across the deck with you, but I'm afraid they won't allow that. He spoke in his usual manner a fact rather dry-tone and Nan looked up at him doubtingly. Did he really wish her to leave him? Flickering streaks of light fell on his face. It was convulsed with feeling, with what had become an agony of renunciation. She withdrew her eyes, feeling ashamed, exultant, pang of joy. I'll wait till there's room for you, too, Mr. Coxeter. She breathed, rather than actually uttered the words aloud. Another woman standing close by was saying the same thing to her companion, but in far more eager, more vociferous tones. Is it likely that I should go away now and leave you, Bob? Of course not.  But the rendals pushed forward and finally both found places in this, the last boat but one. Victor Munich was still standing close to John Coxeter, and Mrs. Archdale, glancing at his sallow, terrors-stricken face, felt a thrill of generous pity for the man. Coxeter? She whispered. Do give him that lifesaver. Did he not ask you for it just now? We don't want it. Coxeter bent down and unstrapped his portmanteau. He handed to Nan the odd toy-like thing by which he had set so little store, but which now he let go with the touch of reluctance. He saw her move close to the man whose name she did not know. Here is the lifesaver. She said kindly. I heard you say you would like it. But you—he stammered. How—how about you? I don't want it. I should be all right. I shouldn't put it on in any case. He took it then avidly, and they saw him go forward with a quick stealthy movement to the place where the last boat was being got ready for the water. There's plenty of room for you and the lady now, sir. Coxeter hurried Nan across the deck, but suddenly they were pushed roughly back. The rope-barriers had been cut, and a hand-to-hand struggle was taking place round the boat. An ugly scrimmage to which as little reference as possible was made at the wreck inquiry afterwards. To those who looked on it was a horrible, ununnerving sight, and this time Coxeter, with sudden strength, took Nan back into his arms. He felt her trembling, shuddering against him. What she had just seen had loosed fear from its leash. I'm frightened, she moaned. Oh, Mr. Coxeter, I'm so horribly frightened of those men. Are they all gone? Yes, he said grimly. Most of them managed to get into the boat. Don't be frightened. I think we're safer here than we would be with those ruffians. Another man would have found easy terms of endearment and comfort for almost any woman so thrust on his protection and care, but the very depths of Coxeter's feeling seemed to make him dumb. That and his anguished fear lest by his fault, by his own want of quickness she had perhaps missed her chance of being saved, but what he was lacking another man supplied. This was the captain, and Nan listening to the cheering commonplace words felt her nerve, her courage, come back. Stayed with your husband, he said, coming up to them. Quite right, Mum. Don't you be frightened. Look at me and my men. We're not frightened. Not a bit of it.  I tell you quite fairly and squarely if I'd my wife aboard, I'd have kept her with me. I'd rather be on this boat of mine than I would be out there on the open water in this fog. But as he walked back to the place where stood the rocket apparatus, Coxeter heard him mutter, the brutes. Not all seconds or thirds, either. I wish I had him here. I'd give him what for. Later, when reading the narrative supplied by some of the passengers who per force had remained on the doomed boat, Coxeter was surprised to learn how many thrilling experiences he had apparently missed during the long four hours which elapsed before their rescue, and yet the time of waiting and suspense probably appeared as long to him as it did to any of the fifty odd souls who stayed, all close together, on the upper deck waiting with what seemed a stalled resignation for what might next befall them. From the captain, Coxeter, leaving Mrs. Archdale for a moment, had extracted the truth. They had drifted down the French coast. They were on a dangerous reef of rock, and the rising of the wind, the lifting of the fog, might be the signal for the breaking up of the boat. On the other hand, the boat might hold for days. It was all a chance. Coxeter kept what he had learned to himself, but he was filled with a dull, aching sensation of suspense. His remorse that he had not hurried Mrs. Archdale into one of the first boats became almost intolerable. Why had he not placed her in the care even of the Jew Victor Munich who was actually seated in the last boat before the scramble round it had begun? More fortunate than he, Mrs. Archdale found occupation intending the few forlorn women who had been thrust back. He watched her moving among them with an admiration no longer on willing.  Coxeter would have liked to follow her example, but though he saw that some of the men round him were eager to talk and to discuss the situation, his tongue refused to form words of come-in-place cheer. When with the coming of the dawn the fog lifted, Nan came up to Coxeter as he stood apart, while the other passengers were crowding round a fire which had been lit on the open deck. Together in silence they watched the rolling away of the introuting mist. Together they caught sight of the fleet of French fishing boats from which was to come sucker. As he turned and clasped her hand he heard her say more to herself than to him, I did not think we should be saved. CHAPTER III John Coxeter was standing in the library of Mrs. Archdale's home in Wimple Street. Two nights had elapsed since their arrival in London and now he was to see her for the first time since they had parted on the Charing Cross platform in the presence of the crowd of people comprised of unknown sympathisers, acquaintances, and friends who had come to meet them. He looked round him with a curious sense of unfamiliarity. The colouring of the room was grey and white with touches of deep-toned mahogany. It was Nan's favourite sitting room, though it still looked what it had been ever since Nan could remember it, a man's room. In his day her father had been a collector of books, medals and engravings connected with the severer type of eighteenth-century art and letters. In a sense this room always pleased Coxeter's fancy, partly because it implied a great many things that money and even modern culture cannot buy. But now this morning, for it was still early and he was on his way to his office for the first time since what an aunt of his had called his mysterious preservation from death, he seemed to see everything in this room in another light. Everything which had once been to him important had become, if not worthless, then unessential. He had sometimes secretly wondered why Mrs. Archdale, possessed as she was of considerable means, had not altered the old house, had not made it pretty as her friends' houses and rooms were pretty. But today he no longer wondered at this. His knowledge of the fleetingness of life and of the unimportance of all he had once thought so important was too vividly present. She came into the room and he saw that she was dressed in a more feminine kind of garment than that in which he generally saw her. It was white, and though girdled in a black ribbon it made her look very young, almost girlish. For a moment they looked at one another in constraint. Mrs. Archdale also had altered, altered far less than John Coxeter, but she was aware, as he was not aware, of the changes which long nearness to death had brought her, and for almost the first time in her life she was more absorbed in her own sensations than in those of the person with her. Seeing John Coxeter standing there waiting for her, looking so like his old self, so absolutely unchanged, confused her and made her feel desperately shy, she held out her hand but Coxeter scarcely touched it. After having held her so long in his arms he did not care to take her hand in formal greeting. She mistook his gesture, thought that he was annoyed at having received no word from her since they had parted. The long day in between had been to Nan Archdale full of nervous terror, for relations, friends, acquaintances had come in troops to see her and would not be denied. Already she had received two or three angry notes from people who thought they loved her and who were bitterly incensed that she had refused to see them when they had rushed to hear her account of an adventure which might so easily have happened to them. She made the mistake of confusing Coxeter with these selfish people. I am so sorry, she said in a low voice, that when you called yesterday I was supposed to be asleep, I have been most anxious to see you. She waited a moment and then added his name, Mr. Coxeter. I knew that you would have the latest news and that you would tell it to me. There is news, he said, of all the boats, good news. With the exception of the last boat, his voice sounded strangely to himself. Oh, but that must be all right too, Mr. Coxeter. The captain said the boats might drift about for a long time. Coxeter shook his head. I am afraid not, he said, in fact. He waited a moment and she came close up to him. Tell me, she commanded in a low voice. Tell me what you know. They say I ought to put it out of my mind, but I can think of nothing else. Whenever I close my eyes I see the awful struggle that went on round that last boat. She gave a quick convulsive sob. Coxeter was dismayed. How wildly she spoke, how unlike herself she seemed to-day. How unlike what she had been during the whole of their terrible ordeal. Already that ordeal had become to him something to be treasured. There is no lack of physical courage in the breed of Englishmen to which John Coxeter belonged. Pain entirely unassociated with shame holds out comparatively little terror to such as he. There was something rueful in the look he gave her. The last boat was run down in the fog, he said briefly. Some of the bodies have been washed up on the French coast. She looked at him apprehensively. Any of the people we had spoken to, any of those who were with us in the railway carriage? Yes, I'm sorry to say that one of the bodies washed up is that of the person who sat next to you. That poor French boy. Coxeter shook his head. No, no. He is all right. At least, I believe he's all right, it. The body, I mean. Was that of your other neighbour? He added on, necessarily, the man who made sweets. And then for the first time Coxeter saw Nan Archdale really moved out of herself. What he had just said had had the power to touch her, to cause her greater anguish than anything which had happened during the long hours of terror they had gone through.  Ah! she exclaimed in a low voice. I shall never forgive myself over that. Do you know I had a kind of instinct that I ought to ask that man the name, the address? Her voice quivered and broke. Of his friend, that poor young woman who saw him off at the Paris station. Till this moment, Coxeter had not known that Nan had been aware of what had to himself been so odious, so ridiculous, and so grotesque a scene. But now he felt differently about this as about everything else that touched on the quick of life. For the first time he understood, even sympathised with, Nan's concern for that majority of human beings who are born to suffering and who are bare to the storm.  It's all right. That man spoke to me on the boat. He did what he wished. He made a will providing for that woman. I took charge of it for him. As a matter of fact I went and saw his old mother yesterday. She behaved splendidly. Then the lifesaver was no good after all. No good, he said, and he avoided looking at her. At least so it would seem, but who can tell? Nan's eyes filled with tears, something beckoning appealing seemed to pass from her to him. The door suddenly opened. Mrs. Eaton, ma'am, she says she only heard what happened today and she's sure you will see her. Before Mrs. Archdale could answer, a woman had pushed her way past the maid into the room. Nan, poor darling, what an awful thing! I am glad I came so early. Now you will be able to tell me all about it." The visitor, looking round her, saw John Coxeter and seemed surprised. Fortunately she did not know him, and feeling as if, had he stayed, he must have struck the woman. He escaped from the room. As Coxeter went through the hall, filled with a perplexity and pain very alien from his positive nature, a good-looking, clean-shaven man who gave him a quick measured glance passed by. With him there had been no parlaying at the door as in Coxeter's own case. Who's that? He asked with a scowl of the servant. The doctor, sir. And he felt absurdly relieved. We sent for him yesterday, for Mrs. Archdale seemed very bad last night. The servant dropped her voice. It's the doctor, sir, as says Mrs. Archdale oughtn't to see visitors. You see it was in all the papers about the shipwreck, sir, and of course Mrs. Archdale's friends all come and see her to hear about it. They've never stopped. The doctor. He says that she ought to have stayed in bed and been quite quiet. But what would be the good of that, seeing she don't seem able to sleep? I suppose you've not suffered that way yourself, sir. The young woman was staring furtively at Coxeter, but noting his cold manner and imperturbable face, she felt that he was indeed a disappointing hero of her man's. Not at all the sort of gentleman with whom one would care to be shipwrecked if it came to a matter of choice. No, he said solemnly. I can't say that I have. He looked thoughtfully out into what had ever been to him a long, unlovely street, in which just now was the only place in the world where he desired to stay. Coxeter, a way so sure of himself, and of what was the best and wisest thing to do in every circumstance of life, felt for the first time unable to cope with a situation presented to his notice. As he was hesitating, a carriage drove up and a footman came forward with a card, while the occupant of the carriage called out, making anxious inquiries as to Mrs. Archdale's condition and promising to call again the same afternoon. Coxeter suddenly told himself that it behooved him to see the doctor, and ascertained from him whether Mrs. Archdale was really ill. He crossed the street and began pacing up and down and unconsciously. He quickened his steps as he went over every moment of his brief interview with Nan. All that was himself, and there was a good deal more of John Coxeter than even he was at all aware of, had gone out to her in a rapture of memory and longing, but she, or so it seemed to him, had purposefully made herself remote. At last, after what seemed a very long time, the doctor came out of Mrs. Archdale's house and began walking quickly down the street. Coxeter crossed over and touched him on the arm. If I may, he said, I should like a word with you. I want to ask you. I mean, I trust that Mrs. Archdale is recovering from the effect of the terrible experience she went through the other night. He spoke awkwardly, stiffly. I saw her for a few moments just before you came, and I was sorry to find her very unlike herself. The doctor went on walking. He looked coolly at Coxeter. It is a great pity that Mrs. Archdale's friends can't leave her alone. As to being unlike herself, you and I would probably be very unlike ourselves if we had gone through what this poor lady had just gone through. You see, I was with her on the boat. We were not travelling together. Coxeter corrected himself hastily. I happened to meet her merely on the journey. My name is Coxeter. The other man's manner entirely altered. He slackened in his quick walk. I beg your pardon, sir, he said. Of course I had no notion who you were.  That, but for you, she would have been in that boat, the boat that was lost. Coxeter tried to say something in denial of this surprising statement, but the doctor hurried on. I may tell you that I'm very worried about Mrs. Archdale, in fact seriously concerned at her condition. If you have any influence with her, I beg you to persuade her to refuse herself to the endless busybodies who want to hear her account of what happened. She won't have a trained nurse, but there ought to be someone on guard, a human watchdog warranted to snarl and bite. Do you think she ought to go away from London? asked Coxeter in a low voice. No. I don't think that, at least not for the present. The medical man frowned thoughtfully. What she wants is to be taken out of herself. If I could prescribe what I believe would be the best thing for her, I should advise that she go away to some other part of London with someone who will never speak to her of what happened, and yet who will always listen to her when she wants to talk about it. Some sensible commonplace person who could distract her mind without tiring her, and who would make her do things she has never done before. If she was an ordinary smart lady I should prescribe philanthropy. He made a slight grimace. Make her go and see some of my poorer patients, coming to contact with a little real trouble. But that would be no change to Mrs. Archdale. No. What she wants is someone who will force her to be selfish, who will take her up the monument one day, and to a music hall the next. Moture her out, Richmond Park, make her take a good long walk, and then sit by the sofa and hold her hand if she feels like crying. He stopped, a little ashamed of his energy. Thank you, Coxeter said very seriously. I much obliged to you for telling me this. I can see the sense of what you say.  The doctor was looking narrowly at Coxeter as he spoke. She was perfectly calm and very brave at the time. That means nothing, plucks not a matter of nerve. You ought to be, but it isn't. But I admit you're a remarkable example of the presence of the one coupled with the absence of the other. You don't seem a penny the worse, and yet it must have been a very terrible experience. You see, it came at the end of my holiday, said Coxeter gravely, and as a matter of fact, he hesitated. I feel quite well, in fact, remarkably well. Do you see any objection to my calling again? I mean today, on Mrs. Archdale, I might put what you have just said before her. Yes, do. Do that by all means, seeing how well you have come through it. The doctor could not help smiling a slightly satirical smile ought to be a lesson to Mrs. Archdale. You ought to show her that after all she is perhaps making a great deal of fuss about nothing. Hardly that, said Coxeter with a frown. They had now come to the corner of Queen Anne Street. He put out his hand hesitatingly. The doctor took it and, oddly enough, held it for a moment while he spoke. Think over what I have said, Coxeter. It's a matter of hours. Mrs. Archdale ought to be taken in hand at once. Then he went off crossing the street. Pity the man, such a dry stick, he said to himself, now's his chance if he only knew it. John Coxeter walked straight on. He had written the day before to say that he would be at his office as usual this morning. But now the fact quite slipped his mind. Wild thoughts were surging through his brain. They were running away with him into such unexpected places. The monument. He had never thought of going up the monument. He would formerly have thought it a sad waste of time, but now the monument became to John Coxeter a place of pilgrimage, a spot of secret healing. A man had once told him that the best way to see the city was at night, but that if you were taking a lady, you should choose a Sunday morning and go there on the top of a bus. He had thought the man who said this very eccentric, but now he remembered the advice and thought it well worth following. By the time Coxeter turned into Cavendish Square, he had traveled far further than the monument. He was in Richmond Park. Nan's hand was thrust through his arm as it had been while they had watched the first boat fill slowly with the women and children. To lovers who remember, the streets of a great town far more than country roads and lanes, hold over the long years precious, poignant memories for a background of stones and mortar has about it a character of permanence which holds captive and echoes the scenes and words enacted and uttered there. Coxeter has not often occasioned to go the little round he went that morning. But when some accidental circumstance causes him to do so, he finds himself again in the heart of that kingdom of romance from which he was so long an alien and of which he has now become a naturalized subject. As most of us know, many ways lead to the kingdom of romance. Coxeter found his way there by a waterway. And so it is that when he reaches the turning into Queen Anne Street, there seems to rise round him the atmosphere of what Londoners call the city. The city as it is at night, uncannily deserted save for the ghosts and lovers who want its solitary thoroughfares after the bustle of the day is stilled. It was then that he and Anne first learned to wander there. From there he travels on into golden sunlight and he is again in Richmond Park as it was during the whole of that beautiful October. Walking up the west side of Cavendish Square, Coxeter again becomes absorbed in his great adventure, a far greater adventure than that with which his friends and acquaintances still associate his name. With some surprise, even perhaps with some discomforture, he sees himself, for he is not wholly cast out the old Adam. He sees himself as he was that memorable morning, carried that is wholly out of his usual wise ponder itself. Perhaps he even wonders a little how he could ever have found courage to do what he did, he who has always thought so much in a hidden way of the world's opinion and of what people will say. He could still tell you which lamppost he was striding past when he realized with a thrill of relief that in any case Nan Archdale would not treat him as would almost certainly do one of those women whom he had honored with his cold approval something less than a week ago. Any one of those women would have regarded what he was now going to ask Nan to do as an outrage on the conventions of life, but Nan Archdale would be guided only by what she herself thought right and seemly. And then as he turns again into Wimple Street, as he comes near to what was once his wife's house, his long steady stride becomes slower. Unwillingly his living again those doubtful moments when he knocked at her door, when he gave the surprised maid the confused explanation that he had a message from the doctor for Mrs. Archdale. He hears the young woman say, Mrs. Archdale is just going out, sir. The doctor thought she had to take a walk, and his muttered answer, I won't keep her a moment. Again he feels the exultant, breathless thrill which seized him when she slipped, neither of them exactly knew how, into his arms, and when the sentences he had prepared the arguments he meant to use in his hurried rush up the Long Street were all forgotten. He hears himself imploring her to come away with him now, at once. Is she not dressed to go out? Instinct teaches him for the first time to make to her the one appeal to which she ever responds. He had meant to tell her what the doctor had said, to let that explain his great temerity. But instead he tells her only that he wants her, that he cannot go on living apart from her. Is there any good reason why they should not start now this moment for Doctor's Commons in order to see how soon they can be married? So it is that when John Coxeter stands in Wimple Street, so typical a Londoner belonging to the leisure and conventional class, that none of the people passing by even glance his way, he lives again through the immortal moment when she said, very well. To this day so transforming is the miracle of love, Nan Coxeter believes that during their curious honeymoon it was she who was taking care of John, not he of her. End of section 15, recording by Melissa Green. End of Studies in Love and in Terror by Marie Bella Glondis.


Coming to you from RGIA Studios, I am Anicia Antoine and this is your midday news brief. In commemoration of International Women's Day, the Ministry of Tourism, Information and Broadcasting, Culture and Creative Industries hosted a retreat to celebrate the women within the ministry. The retreat held under the theme to be female or to be woman highlighted the issues faced by women and the importance of the role women play in society. The idea of activities included pedicures, hand and shoulder massages, as well as a make-up class. Samantha Charles, tourism officer within the Ministry of Tourism, expressed her gratitude to the heads of department for organizing such an initiative. Encouraged our women to find their passion. The International Women's Day retreat to place on Friday, March 6, 2020 at the Pink Plantation. The original security system, RSS headquarters, through the 10th European Development Fund, EDF has procured much-needed crime scene investigations equipment for member territories of the organization, inclusive of a significant amount of CSI items for law enforcement in St. Lucia. The contribution of items will be given to the Scenes of Crime's Office with the objective of improving in the areas of crime scene handling, collection of evidence practices and the overall increase in the detection of crimes. The RSS seeks to strengthen the competencies of law enforcement agencies in St. Lucia with special regards to illicit drug trafficking and drug offenders. Graham Archer, Deputy Executive Director of the RSS, noted that all RSS member states received CSI equipment valued at an estimated $67,000. The handing over ceremony took place on Wednesday, March 4, 2020 at the Sanders Regency Letok Golf Resort and Spa. The Prime Minister of St. Lucia recently visited Miami with the Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Sharon Belma George and Chief Environmental Officer, Parker Ragnonon for a meeting with Carnival Corporation and Royal Caribbean Chief Operating Executives. The objective of the meeting is to establish a health clearance protocol between the Ministry of Health and the cruise lines amidst the growing threat and transmission of the COVID-19 in the Caribbean and Latin America. On the agenda was the discussion on mutual concerns in relation to the measures and policies that the Government of St. Lucia have enforced to ensure the health and safety of the population and to reduce the entry and impact of COVID-19. This meeting forms part of St. Lucia's risk management and preparedness strategy as the nation continues to mitigate against the arrival of the virus. This has been your Monday News Brief. Thank you for watching.


All right. Here we go. So this is something I'm very passionate about. So the biggest mistakes I've seen around fasting, not 20, 20 years into this, 22 years in. Truth is, my first fast was not on purpose. It was when I was in the room core and it was eight days. And I lost 30 pounds. That's not what we're talking about. Lots of mistakes happen that day. But I want to kind of cover some of the biggest mistakes I'm seeing with people fasting and what you can do to prevent it and also to do it appropriately. And there's a few that are out there that are really kind of hanging on me.  And just so you know, if you're watching this, what's the longest you've ever went fasting before? What's the longest amount of time for me is 14 days, not that I'm bragging. I didn't feel like I had a choice at that time. And I don't actually recommend that for most people. 14 days, that's crazy, right? Hey, what's up, Bay? How are you? Seba, good to see you. So here's the deal. When you start to fast, and I'm a huge fan of it, I think fasting appropriately and fasting in a right manner can be super beneficial. Now we can, there's science on all sides of this whole thing. But what I'm going to go to is primitively humans fasted. So it's not a new thing for the human body, although we don't live in the primitive world. So there is some complications to that concept.  And the first one, I'm just going to hit it off the top. So what happens is that there's a, there's a, there's a problem in our world today. And this is really serious. I want you to really listen to this, because if you're one of these people, you're ultimately going to quit sabotage and fail long term, unless you understand that this, you have to do some things in place. Okay. So there's a large percentage of people, at least in the Western civilization, in America, Canada, Mexico, Europe, I mean, most of the people that are watching me, Australia, there's a large percentage and this percentage could be 40 to 70%. So it's, it's a large percentage of people basically don't metabolize fat really well. They also, they can't get into ketosis really well. So meaning what our ancestors used to be able to do really in and out, your body should naturally go in and out of ketosis, meaning that when you fast along a long enough amount of time, your body's going to run out of its glucose, it's going to start to use ketones as a fuel source. If you can't transition that very easily, fasting can actually really be a hard for you and hard on you and ultimately cause a lot of problems. And there's a tool, there's some things you can do, and I'm going to give you that right off the bat. And then I'm going to give you the other fasting challenges that I have for people. So the IFAST is great. And we're going to talk a little about that. I got one right here. So here's the, here's the deal.  During this transition phase, that transition phase is the way I relate it to going from a glucose burner to a ketone burner. You have to transition. Okay, the better you are at going back and forth, the more that you can transition metabolically really easy, the more fasting you're going to thrive on. The more that that's an obstacle and you, that you can't do it. And there's a lot of people that can't do it. Well, Dr. Mojiki Parody did this research on how some people doing the perfect ketone diet fasting regularly can't produce enough ketones. Well, that means they don't have enough fuel. That means that their body is basically in limbo. It doesn't have enough fuel to satisfy its demand.  You're going to quit and you're not going to feel good. You're going to be struggling through this journey. So if you're somebody out there that's fasting and not feeling like you're getting the best results, then we want to implement tools in place. Okay, so this is by far the biggest debunk. I want people just to really realize this. It's easier than because I see it all the time. People go like, I already fast. People are fasted and obese, right? You see construction workers, you see it, you're like, well, what's wrong? Why is it not working for them? Like their body should be more efficient than that. No, because the switch is off. That person also comes home and basically passes out exhausted. Like their body is not operating the way it should be. So first thing we want to do, and this is I would say everybody do it this way is use ketones while you fast, support your fast. It doesn't break your fast. But basically what you're doing is providing a sustained fuel source as your body is getting used to running out of glucose, right in your fasting windows so that your body can get really good at transitioning from a fat burner to a glucose burner. Because let's be honest, most of you aren't going to follow a strict ketogenic diet forever, right?  You want to be good at going in and out more in than out. Let's just say you want to be your, you want your body will go into ketosis more than you want out of it. Long term. Okay. That percentage is up to be determined. So what we have here is our fasting kit. So why am a huge fan of this is it's frankly who's done the I fast. If you don't mind in the chat, drop down what's your benefit? I fast. It's been extraordinary. What I'm going to tell you is I've watched I've been not only been teaching fasting for 20 years, mostly without using ketones last eight years with ketones. People are fasting and not even realizing it. It's just easy for them like I already am fasting. And then over the last few months, we've implemented this thing called I fast and I fast. And there's a reason why people are getting a more abundant result from I fast. And it has to do with that when we're you're basically utilizing ketones throughout the entire day. Right. And so while you're going into this fasting state, what's happening is that you're elevating your ketones to it's called the zone to a very optimal level. There's a range that you want to get to when you get to that optimal level, you just feel super laser in and you're like, I don't even need that. I feel good. I'm not super hungry. So now you can start to be more decision making on your food choices. So we do this for five days in a row and you might take a couple days off. Do you want to fast all the time? No, that's that's one of the mistakes people are making. So the I fast is a great tool to use to get your ketone levels up and then start to teach you your relationship with food. Okay.  So people are noticing that really strong satiation. They're noticing their waistline trim down. They're noticing hyper focus, sustained energy, high quality sleep, just overall well being enhanced mood. And that's the normal benefits of what a high level of ketones would do for you. Basically, you're performing at the highest possible level. So it's really, really, really extraordinary.  They might have a small meal for lunch and a large one for dinner. They might have a larger one for lunch, smaller one for dinner. It doesn't matter. And then you're trying to cut off any food after 8 p.m. and try not to eat much food before 12 p.m. or 12 p.m. Now, some people might need to walk into that little bit, but I'm not getting into that today. This is just the mistake. So that's number one is that you're fasting, but your not body's not super efficient. So therefore, you're basically slowing the system down, not speeding it up to the way that you want it to work. That's number one mistake. The second mistake is people are making fasting, fasting a competitive sport. What do I mean by that? They're trying to challenge themselves to see how long they can fast for. And once again, if the first one's wrong, if you're not efficient yet and you're competitively fasting, you actually could be breaking down your system.  So you're slowing down your metabolism. So what I recommend is that's why you do them in windows.  And then you cycle back off and you have more of a normal diet or normal eating plan. Basically think of this way is is your you run out of food, your ancestors ran out of food and then they went hunting, right? Well, that hunting period might have been 24 hours. It might have been 12 hours. It might have been 60 hours, right? So that hunting window is going to depend. It's going to be flex, right? And then they catch an animal. They didn't put it away and say, I got to finish my fast. No, they went and ate the animal. So they over consumed or consumed a plenty of calories that keeps their metabolism more stable. It's reminding your body you want to be up here. You don't want to always be in lack, right? You want to be up here too. So you want to cycle not carbohydrates as much. You can do that if you understand what you're doing, but it's more cycling calories, right? So you're not always being aggressive saying I'm a fast all the time. Some days I eat a little earlier. I usually don't eat at five or six like I used to do five or six in the morning. I might eat at nine. I might eat at 10. I mean, 12, one, five, three. It's changing because I feel different some days, right? And so this is a big mistake people are making. They're competitively low calorie all the time and you don't want to do that. You want to cycle your calories. So you want to give yourself days of being permission. Now that's one of the that's one of the mistakes I see the mistake. Last mistake I'm going to go over. I can talk for hours on this and I actually do like more more zooms on it. The last mistake I see quite often is what people are doing. They come out of their fast. They're breaking their fast with crap and it kind of undoes the fast, the benefit of the fast. The truth is, is gut health is a huge problem in our country. And you're going to hear me talk more about gut health and I'm going to give you some solutions to gut health if you guys are open to that. Would you guys all want to learn more about improving your gut health without stressing out about it and really simple and easy. I can I'm going to I'm going to put something together for you all. It's going to obviously conjunction with ketones conjunction with high quality food. But when you come out of your fast, you kind of it's a natural cleanse of fasting is a natural cleanser body naturally detoxing all the time anyway. And so what happens is so what happens is that when you come out of the fast, what you put in your body really is important at that time. Okay, so what I recommend is you're going to want to lean towards the first off this is more paleo foods more natural like the more natural the food sources is better. The last thing you want to do is over over in the you want you don't necessarily overeat. Ideally what I'd like you to put into your into your diet is things like broth from soup. I love making like a homemade soup coming out of my fast. Now if it's intermittent fasting is not as much of a concern the longer you go on the fast the more I emphasize this. But I like to make soup make broths have keto pro coming out of your fast. What I also like is things like kimchi and sauerkraut fermented type foods to help improve gut bacteria and gut flora. What we want to do is we want to get flourishing when our gut to really get flourish and ramp up digestive process. We don't want to dampen it down by foods that are over processed. We don't want to dampen it down by junk food. Right now it's tempting.  And it's not serving you long term.  No I do I do have fun foods from time to time. But I don't do it as a way to break my fast. I always want to progress out. You can do some apple cider vinegar with a little bit of water. You can actually do that during your fast also. We want to promote a better gut environment and gut health just to help improve digestion. What I'll also do is the more that we can improve gut bacteria. It's going to help your bowels transition so you're not basically in a loose stools all the time. And these are things that you just want to you want to be able to do. So those are the three biggest mistakes I see I'm fasting. So if you haven't gotten this kit yet grab it whoever invited you to follow me make sure you grab this they come in five pack of five. They're amazing. It'll change everything in your journey. I actually recommend having that with get a couple of boxes of the of the of the ketones with it and put this to program together it'll change everything for you you'll be in therapeutic ketosis in an optimal range sustainably and you're going to feel absolutely lights out amazing. So whoever invited you to follow me get back to them and go hey I want to try this it'll change everything. Remember my recommendation is always 60 days of ketones always do 60 days of ketones don't just try them do it this will change your life forever it's the best shot you have it also activates that loop for transported to make you a better more efficient fat burner which allows you to come in and out of ketosis more efficiently when when it's a huge win of course if you're following me hit me up let me know and I'll take care of you and get you all set up so peace out later guys cheers


Controversial Prophet Bushiri Hands Himself to Cops A Rustenberg businesswoman has laid a criminal complaint against Bushiri after claiming that he had called her a witch on live TV. Controversial charismatic pastor Shepard Bushiri reportedly visited Pretoria West Police on Saturday night after his pastors and guards chased away police from his church this week, Sunday World reports. The tabloid reports that police visited the church building on Thursday to obtain a warning statement from the prophet relating to a case of crime and injuria laid against him by Rustenberg businesswoman, Lebo Gang Payne. Last month, Payne laid a criminal complaint against Bushiri after claiming that he had called her a witch live on TV in one of his prophetic sermons. Bushiri is reported to have been accompanied by his lawyer Ant Seiko Beloiwi, who apparently had to defuse a scuffle between police and Bushiri's pastors and guards who had told the officers he was out of the country. Last month, Sunday World reported that Bushiri is apparently making so much money from his churches in South Africa that he is able to send our 15 million a month back to Malawi. They allege the money leaves in vehicles including his private jet. At the time, the hawks confirmed to the tabloid that they had been investigating the pastor, but cautioned that the case was in its early stages and could not divulge or confirm any details. The leader of the enlightened Christian gathering churches that are spread throughout Southern Africa could not be reached by the paper for comment, while his lawyer said they were not aware of any probe. According to the paper's police source, a number of witnesses in the church's leadership have come forward with information that money gets cleaned illegally into various businesses in Malawi. They also claimed that Bushiri orchestrates carefully planned false miracles as part of his services, while his collaborators are now apparently demanding to be paid more for playing their part in his alleged duping of the faithful.


I got a big test on Friday. I've been studying all week, and now it's Thursday night. I'm laying in bed and I'm freaking out because I feel like I don't know anything. Who's been here? Who knows what that feels like? For me, I feel like I try to lay there and I just try to recall all the information that I know all at the same time.  So the problem with this is in the moment I'm not actually realizing that there's really three types of recall. There's free recall, queued recall, and serial recall. And what I'm trying to do in the moment is I'm trying to use free recall to remember all this huge amount of information all at the same time and it's just straight up impossible. It's like feeling hungry and then getting mad at yourself for not being able to eat all the food in your fridge all at the same time. The fridge broke, so I had to eat everything. And I'm not realizing that most of my information is actually stored in a way that it's best to remember using queued recall or serial recall or a combination of the two. It's just not all available as free recall without the appropriate primer or queue. But it is in there, it's in my brain. So real quick, what are the three types of recall and why do they matter? Free recall is remembering a list of items in any order. Say you have a list of medications or body parts or enzymes or something to memorize. And this is just memorizing the names of these enzymes or body parts or medications through sheer straight up rote memorization, just reading them over and over again or what I actually like to do is write them over and over again until you're comfortable with the terminology. So it's just straight rote memorization pulling these terms out of your head and just knowing that that's free recall. Queued recall is remembering one of a pair of items when presented with its mate, either a visual or an auditory queue. So let's say you have that list of medications that you memorized through free recall. Now you can use queued recall to remember each medication side effects, mechanism of action, brand name or whatever else you wanna memorize about these medications. And remember, these are two item pairs. So the medication and its side effect or the medication and its brand name or the medication and its mechanism of action, just two items in each of these, that's queued recall. And so you'd see this in like matching questions on an exam, you know, match list one through nine with A through A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I. Mash items one through nine with items A through I, which one goes with which? And the best way to study this for queued recall is simple flashcards. Notice I said simple because one very common mistake when making flashcards is putting way too much information on one side of the card. So like you'd have a medication and then you'd have everything about it, mechanism of action, brand name, side effects, where it's used, who's allergic to it, where it's not used, alternatives, all that on the other side of the flashcard. And then you may as well not be using flashcards. That's not the proper way to use flashcards. The best way to use flashcards is to do simple two item pairs. So on one side, you'd have the medication and on the other side, you'd have its side effects. On one side, you'd have the medication and on the other side, you'd have its mechanism of action. Now this does mean that for each medication you're learning, you're making multiple flashcards for all the things that you have to learn about that medication, but trust me, it's worth it. And the same goes for anything else you're trying to learn, body parts, enzymes, whatever you're trying to learn.  So when you see the name of a medication, that's your cue to pull out from your brain, its side effects and whatever else you memorized using each individual flashcard.  And finally, there's serial recall, which is memorizing a list of items in order. And the best example of this is like memorizing the steps in a biochemical equation like the Krebs cycle or something like that. And for serial recall, at least as it pertains to short term memory, research shows that our brains form associations between each item and its order in the list. So if an item is at the beginning of the list, middle of the list, end of the list, that kind of a thing, and also between each item and the items around it. So for example, if you're memorizing the colors of the rainbow, you know, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, ROYGBIV, that acronym that we learned back in grade school, you know, first grade, second grade, you might remember that R, red is first on the list and you might also remember that R, red is also associated with O, orange, which is the closest color to it. So you remember two things about it using serial recall, where it is in the sequence and also you remember what it's next to. And this actually explains the incredible power of using acronyms to memorize long lists of items such as every drug in a certain class of medication. And this is actually what got me through pharmacology. This is the only thing that got me through pharmacology. I would have, let's just say for example, four medications in the class of proton pump inhibitor, PPI, which is used for gastroesophageal reflux disease, heartburn, things like that. Let's say I wanted to learn these four drugs and everything about them. And they have really weird names that aren't really used in everyday language, you know, Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Pantoprazole, stuff that just isn't in my brain already. So let's say I'm learning these de novo, you know, learning them anew from not knowing them at all. And so the first thing I would do is I would arrange these medications in an order such that the first letters of each medication in that order spell out a very simple word that's easy for me to remember. So for using those proton pump inhibitors that I just mentioned, you know, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, Omeprazole, and Esomeprazole, I would actually arrange them in the order of Pantoprazole, Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, and Esomeprazole just so that I can form the word poll, P-O-L-E, that's really easy for me to remember. And then to make it even easier to remember, what I might do is imagine four construction workers with hardburn dancing around a telephone pole or something like that. Just something that's kind of emotional, kind of funny, kind of easy to remember. And so when I think, okay, I need a drug for heartburn, I think of those four construction workers, P-O-L-E, dancing around a telephone pole, like clutching their chest going, ah, I got heartburn, something like that. And so you make it memorable and you make it easy to remember. And then the next thing I would do is I would write out my list of medications in that order, P-O-L-E, Pantoprazole, Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Esomeprazole, and right next to them, I would also write down all the things that I want to remember about each one. So the brand names, the side effects, when they're used, when they're contraindicated, things like that, everything I want to memorize about each individual medication in the same order that I wrote the medications. And so that way, not only am I training myself to use Q'd recall to associate the name of the medication with its side effect, but I'm also using the list, I'm using serial recall to make associations between the side effects, all of the side effects and their order in the list and also the brand names, all the brand names and their order in the list and also where they are next to each other. So associations between each brand name and the brand name next to it and the side effects and the side effects next to it. In that same order that I made the drugs originally. And so that way I'm maximizing serial recall in order to learn all those items. So practically, how would I apply all these lessons to practically learning a long list of medications or body parts or enzymes or whatever you gotta learn? How would I summarize how to do all of this? Here's what I would do from start to finish. First, I'm gonna use free recall to remember the names of the items I'm trying to learn and just get really comfortable with them by reading them over and over again. Or like I said before, I prefer to write them over and over again until I'm just really comfortable with the names of the medications, the enzymes, whatever I'm learning. Then I'm going to use Q'd recall by either making simple flashcards like I mentioned before and learning everything that I need to learn about each of these items. So one side of the flashcard, the medication, the other side of the flashcard, a side effect. One side of the flashcard, the name of the medication, the other side of the flashcard, its brand name. And so on and so forth until I have every single thing that I need to memorize about these medications made in flashcards so I can maximize Q'd recall. And then if I just have a really, really long list of things and it's just not practical to make that many flashcards, what I could do is use serial recall and make acronyms for everything I'm trying to memorize by arranging my long list of items into small groups where they're with other items that they're closely related to such as each class of medications, the PPIs, the H2 blockers, all the classes of medications. So just group them into these smaller groups and then write an acronym like I mentioned before for each of the groups. And then write everything that you need to know about each medication or enzyme or whatever in that same order. So you're memorizing not only the acronym with each group of items that pertains to that acronym but also everything you need to know about each item in that same order so that way you're maximizing serial recall as well as Q'd recall. And of course on the day of the exam, you usually get scratch paper. So what I'm gonna do before I even start answering any questions or even looking at any questions, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna write out all of those acronyms that I came up with and practiced and rehearsed over and over again. I'm gonna write all those acronyms down on that sheet of paper and then I'm just gonna use that as a reference. So let's say I get a question about what would I use with this patient with heartburn? I remember my little scene of the four construction guys with heartburn like dancing around the pole and then I look at my acronym, P-O-L-E. Oh, I would use pantoprosal and then I would either write out or remember, okay, well here's the side effects and here's the indications for pantoprosal and then I would pick which proton pump inhibitor is appropriate in the case that I'm being presented with in the question. So basically that long list of acronyms that you came up with in practice kind of becomes your reference of all the material that you've painstakingly memorized and now you know and you can be confident is in your brain. All you have to do is find the proper cues that'll help you pull it out of your brain and onto the paper and get the A-plus. So there you have it. All the basic techniques I use to learn ridiculous amounts of information, both in my pre-medical post-bac and also in PA school. And just to return to that scene from the beginning of the video, I'm laying there and freaking out because I just can't recall all the information at the same time. All I have to remember is these principles of recall that if I have a cue, I can pull it out. And all it takes is to do very well on one or two tests using these techniques and then you can be confident from then on that if you did study, if you did form high quality associations between the items and everything you're trying to learn about them, if you did make high quality, memorable acronyms for everything that you're trying to learn, you can be confident that when it comes to test day, you'll be able to pull that information out of your brain, you'll be able to put it on paper and you'll get that E plus and then you'll move on to the next exam and ace that one too. So, if you'd like to get my help personally with your PA school application or anything else, go to BorisThePA.com. If you have a question about PA school, studying, health and fitness or anything else I talk about on this channel, just post a comment below or send me a message on Instagram or Snapchat at BorisThePA. Thank you very much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.