Hello and welcome. I'm Andy Goldstein. I'm Steve Chris and we are here to talk to you about disaster recovery for your Kubernetes clusters A little bit about ourselves. I'm a staff systems engineer at Heptio. I have been programming for a long time I started with Commodore 64 basic and I'm now up using go and I've been a Kubernetes contributor since 2014 And I am the Heptio Arc team lead And I'm Steve Chris. I'm a senior systems engineer at Heptio. I work on Heptio Arc with Andy and I've been in the past a contributor to upstream Kubernetes and also a member of the release team and in a past life I was an enterprise IT engineer So I certainly have some experience with the challenges of designing implementing and testing dr strategies All right. Can I get a show of hands? How many of you manage clusters in production? All right. And how many of you have a disaster recovery strategy? Excellent. And how many of you have actually used it to recover from something? Okay, a few of you. So let's talk about what is it that you want in your IT infrastructure? What you want is a collection of servers and services and applications that are all running perfectly well You've got your monitoring in place and all of your checkmarks are green because everything is running great But before we get to that, so you want to sleep soundly at night because everything is running correctly But what actually happens? Well at some point no matter how good your infrastructure is no matter how excellent your network is Something is going to go wrong. You'll probably get a page or a phone call or a Slack notification And you're going to have to deal with it. And in the short term you're probably not going to be very happy But that's okay because we're going to give you some ideas around how you can do disaster recovery for your Kubernetes clusters So the first thing you need to do is probably do some rebuilding and some of the tools that we're going to present today hopefully will help you with that So before we get into talking about DR for Kubernetes, I want to do a quick review of what DR might look like in a more traditional IT setting So in the old world we had a pretty strong correspondence between an app and a server And so typically we would deploy a single app onto a single server Now that application might be made up of multiple components and the server might be virtual, it might be physical But regardless there's a very strong correspondence between the application and the server And so if we ever had a disaster and we needed to recover the service for the application We need to be able to bring back the server with all of the same software configuration and data as it had before And so typically the way that we would do this is we would take full backups of our server on a regular basis, a nightly basis typically And if we ever had a disaster and the server went down we'd do a full restore from our backup Bring up a new server that was essentially identical to the old one and this would enable us to restore the service for our application In the new world with Kubernetes things look a little bit different than that And so now when you're running a Kubernetes cluster you don't just have one server You have one or more masters which are running the Kubernetes control plane You have many nodes which are running again some Kubernetes components as well as all of your containerized workloads And then you also have an SED cluster which may be running in or outside of your Kubernetes cluster But this is actually storing all of your Kubernetes state information And so let's take a look at what's inside each of those a little bit more So within the master we have first of all the Kubernetes API server And this is the entry point for creating or fetching information about Kubernetes state We have a scheduler which is responsible for deciding which nodes pods should run on We have a controller manager which is going to be running the core control loops To constantly push the state of the Kubernetes cluster towards the desired state And then we have SED which is our persistent store of state information for Kubernetes And then we also potentially have some CNIPods and a kube proxy Which are going to help with all the networking and communication concerns And then on the nodes we also have kube proxy and the CNIPods for networking Beyond that we have all of your containerized workloads in the form of pods And so as we start to think about how to design a DR strategy For this new Kubernetes environment We really need to think about where is the state within this environment Which components are stateful and which are stateless And so if we think about where state is, it's really in two places within the system And the first is obviously SED SED is the persistent store of all of the Kubernetes state information Contains all the specs for your deployments, your services, your config maps And your secrets, etc And the second is in your persistent volumes for your applications So if you have workloads that are using volumes to store persistent data We obviously have a lot of state here And so these are really the key components that we need to focus on And make sure that we have robust backup strategies so that we can restore this data In the case of a failure But if we think about the masters and the nodes themselves that are running the core Kubernetes components They're really basically stateless And so this means that as long as we can quickly bring up new versions of those In the case of a failure We don't really need to restore from an exact copy of the previous version of them We can spin up a new cluster And as long as we can restore our SED data and our persistent volume data We'll be able to restore service to our applications So let's talk about master and node disaster recovery Like Steve said, they're basically stateless You may have some of these that are unhealthy Maybe they're running okay for the most part But you're getting some alerts You've got a disk that is flaky, a network card that's not performing correctly So there's some tools you can use to take these out of service Cube control has a couple of features Corden and drain that you'll probably want to add to your toolbox Corden allows you to mark a node as unschedulable So any new pods that are created will not be assigned to whatever node you've cordoned And drain goes one step further And will actually evict any pods that are running on a node that you're trying to take out of service And once you've done that, as Steve said You want to very quickly be able to provision a replacement master or node So how do you do that? Automate it Now unfortunately, we are not going to be able to tell you the one and only one way to automate Recovering and reprovisioning a master or a node or a cluster Because you all have opinions You have IT departments who say we're using Ansible Or we're using Chef or we're using Puppet So we can't tell you what to use But we are strongly encouraging you to automate the creation of masters, nodes and clusters One thing to keep in mind is that there is a teeny tiny amount of state that is necessary to preserve And those are the certificates that are used for the components in the cluster to talk to each other So when your cubelets talk to the master or to the API servers And when the controller manager talks to the API servers There typically are SSL certificates that are used And these things you want to maintain and retain and incorporate into your automation So that when you have your Ansible or your Chef or your Puppet And you're using that to automate provisioning all of these instances You want to bring your certificates with you so that you don't lose them If you do lose them, you have to regenerate them or get new ones And you potentially could have an outage in that situation And I do want to highlight that recovering the masters and the nodes is not really the crux of the disaster recovery problem Stateful data is what we're really here about So let's talk about etcd first There's a few different ways that you can approach disaster recovery for etcd The first two are similar At the block level, you could take a backup of the partition or the disk where the etcd data directory resides This is where all of your etcd state is And with something like this, if you lose one of your members If you have a highly available etcd cluster, and you definitely should If you restore from either the block device or at the file system level You just take a backup of the directory and restore it When your member comes back online It will get a delta of the data that happened in the cluster since it was offline So the surviving members will send a snapshot of what it needs to catch up And so your cluster can become whole again Another option is to use etcd control They have a great feature as part of the etcd3 API To be able to take a snapshot of your etcd database And at some point in the future, restore it This one you've got to be a little bit careful with though Because if you do a snapshot and restore When you restore it ends up creating a brand new etcd cluster So this effectively means you will have an outage if you go this route But it's a good tool to have in the event that you have a total outage You can certainly recover some of your etcd state this way Assuming you have backups And then the fourth option here, which is our favorite Is using Kubernetes itself to get the information out of the API server About what's running in the cluster So the API machinery special interest group spent a lot of time Building a discovery mechanism So you can go to your Kubernetes API server as a client And you can say, what are all of the API groups that exist And within each API group, what are all the resources that exist So you can look at the core API And you can see that there are pods and deployments Or pods and secrets, etc You can go to the apps API and see all the deployments And this is something that's very easy to write Just a loop, you can iterate through everything And say, tell me all the data that you have So what about persistent volumes? Because presumably if you've got stateful workloads in a Kubernetes cluster You probably are using persistent volumes for that Unfortunately I don't have a great answer here At least for a generic one Because some of your data might be in cloud providers Like specific persistent volumes, EBS volumes Azure managed disks, GCE persistent disks, etc So there's nothing in Kubernetes that right now Allows you to say, take a snapshot of my PV There's a proposed set of APIs to do that But they're not available yet So if you've got Kubernetes in production And you've got persistent volumes Maybe you've got some tooling that you've written to do it But unfortunately you can't rely on Kubernetes for that And there's other volume types as well Beyond just the cloud provider ones NFS volumes, anything that can come in from a flex volume So how do you back those up? Again, it tends to be roll your own But we have a better solution We'll get to that in a minute here with Steve Yeah, so I'd like to talk to you now About an open source tool we built Called HeptioArc And its purpose is to help with backing up Some of that stateful data that we've talked about Within your Kubernetes cluster So what exactly does HeptioArc do? So it has two core features And the first one is that it enables you to back up And restore your Kubernetes API objects Now Andy just talked to us about some of the different options For backing those up in terms of what's in at CD And we use in ARC the Kubernetes Discovery API For accessing all of that information And creating backups of it as well as restoring it In the case of a disaster And we do this for a few reasons And Andy started to talk about some of the pros and cons there But one of the reasons we think the Discovery API Makes a lot of sense is that If you're running in a managed Kubernetes provider You may not have access to the underlying at CD cluster And so using at CD CTL to take snapshots May not even be a feasible option for you Additionally, ARC And using the Discovery API You have a fine-grained control over What types of resources you back up So with at CD backups it's really kind of all or nothing And if you want to restore your cluster You basically have to restore the state of the entire cluster If you're using the API though You have all of the controls that it provides you In terms of filtering by namespace Filtering by resource types Filtering by label selectors And so we enable this all through ARC And additionally If you are backing up at CD directly You don't get the benefit of Being able to capture all of the information That is stored for extension API mechanisms So if you have an extension API server As part of your cluster Odds are that the data to support that Is actually stored in a separate at CD cluster This is the recommendation for how to design These extension mechanisms And so if you're backing up at CD You're not going to capture that information But if you use the Discovery API To gather that information about extension API servers And so you can just back that information up Directly into your ARC backup Or whatever other backup mechanism you have And so we believe that the Discovery API Makes a lot of sense here for accessing that information So ARC uses the Discovery API To pull that all out of your cluster And it creates a tar ball That stores all this information And places the backup in the object storage system Of your choice The second big feature that ARC has Is that it will actually back up And restore your persistent volumes for you Assuming you're on one of the Supported cloud provider platforms And as Andy mentioned a minute ago We use the snapshot APIs That the cloud providers offer For taking backups of volumes ARC out of the box supports the Three major public clouds But as we'll see in a minute We also have an easy way to extend The functionality of ARC to support So as long as there's an API For you to take backups ARC can easily integrate with that Now beyond those two big features We have a number of other features That make it really easy for you to use So we support scheduled backups So rather than having to go manually Create a backup You can simply configure the information You'd like to back up through ARC Set a schedule and have those run On an automated basis Over time So here we go We support complex filtering Both when you take a backup of information As well as when you do a restore Of that information back into a cluster So you can filter based on The namespaces you want to back up Based on the resource types And based on label selectors And so often we see that users Will take a backup of their entire cluster So that they have all of the information And when they go to do a restore They may do it on a namespace They may only restore Components that match a certain label selector And so this gives you a lot of control Over how you recover the information Into your target cluster Additionally, we give you the ability To restore into different namespaces Than you backed up from And so this is really useful For use cases where maybe you have An existing namespace And you want to create a clone of it Maybe for testing purposes So that you can fiddle with some configuration And have other use cases that require You to change the namespace Arc makes that really easy to do Now we also designed Arc to be very extensible We recognize that we can't meet Everyone's needs out of the box And so we want to give users the ability To extend Arc to meet their needs And so the first of these mechanisms Is what's called hooks And hooks are basically a way For you as the user of Arc To define scripts that need to be run Within your pods Really before or immediately after Backing up those pods And so a great example of this Is if you have a pod that's running That's using a persistent volume And prior to executing a backup Of that volume you actually need to freeze The file system to ensure you get a consistent backup Arc makes it really easy to plug in An FSFreeze command before the backup And similarly an unfreeze command Right after the backup The second major way that we allow You to extend Arc is through what's called plugins And so there are sort of two major categories Of plugins that we support currently The first one has to do With cloud providers And so there are kind of two Core cloud provider APIs that Arc relies on The first one is object storage Which is where we actually store The tar ball that contains All of your etcd data And the second one is block storage And this is what allows you to take Snapshots of your volumes And restore them later on We have a plugin model which allows you To define your own implementations For both of these and to very easily Plug it into the Arc server at runtime So that you can extend Arc to run On your platform of choice And this doesn't require you to submit PRs to the core Arc codebase It doesn't require you to recompile Or maintain your own container images The second major category Of plugins is what are called Item actions And we support these on both backup And so these are little bits Of functionality that run As each item is being backed up or restored They're different from hooks in that They're not actually Scripts that are being executed within your pods They're being run by the Arc server And they allow you to Potentially call out to external systems To take certain actions Or they allow you to actually mutate the item That you're backing up or restoring So if you need to add some annotations To items as you're backing them up Or variables or maybe you want to actually modify The spec as you're restoring Your backup into a new cluster We make it really easy for you to plug in Your own logic to do this Alright, so we have a demo Hopefully the demo gods are with us today Okay So Run our script here So this is all live So the first thing we're going to do Is show you what namespaces we have And we have typical ones you'd see We also have Heptio Arc, which is where Arc is running And we are using Rook For dynamic provisioning For persistent volumes today So we're going to start By deploying a simple Nginx application And you'll see that this creates a namespace A pvc, a deployment and a service So if we take a look At what the pvc looks like This is a Rook block Storage class and it is bound And we are going to be storing the logs To Nginx in this persistent volume So here is the pvc Similarly you'll see that it's bound To Nginx logs And if we take a look at the deployment We want one replica And we have one running And here is the pod So everything deployed Great for us here And we're going to go ahead And take a look at this service So we see it's got a cluster IP So let's go ahead and talk to Nginx It looks pretty straight forward So the next thing we're going to do Here is hit it 10 more times Just to get some extra traffic in the logs And we'll go ahead And exec into the Nginx container So that we can see We've got a couple files in here Access log, about a kilobyte Nothing in the error log yet And now let's actually Look at this access log So we're going to exec into the container And take a look at that file Pre-vanilla access log We've got the initial request that we made And then the 10 after So let's create a backup It's this simple You just say arc backup create Give it a name and then whatever filters you want In this case we're only going to select The Nginx namespace And it's done So we have an arc backup The data is available in object storage For this demo we're using Minio deployed into the cluster But in a real world scenario You probably would want to have your data backed up Outside of your cluster So it's time for a disaster We're going to go ahead and delete The Nginx namespace This will delete all of the components that we just deployed Including the persistent volume That was dynamically provisioned One of the great things about arc Is that it can walk from the pod To the persistent volume claim To the persistent volume To figure out that there is a relationship between 3 and make sure that we back up Everything that we need to be backing up Alrighty So our namespace has been deleted here I will prove that to you So you can see we do not have An Nginx namespace anymore And just to show you that there's no longer A pv anymore That is gone, we can't find it So Let's go ahead and use arc To restore the backup that we just took And while this is happening I will say that when the backup was going What Steve described about doing an FS freeze before and after The snapshot was taken was exactly What we had arc do today So our restore is Done Let's go ahead and take a look We have a pvc, it's bound Using the rook block storage class again And We have pv similarly So this is just going to show Everything that we had before The individual names for anything that has A generated name like the Pods for example This has a different name than it did before And everything is running Fantastic Let's go to the service, this is a different IP Than we had before And we'll go ahead and Take a look at that file system And again this is the log file system From the persistent volume That arc restored Still has about a kilobyte That is wonderful Let's go ahead and take a look at that file It's all of our data, so we have not lost Anything And just to show that we can Augment it, we'll go ahead and curl it Another time and take a look At the file size And the file one more time So you'll see that 1045 Has gone up to 1140 And if we take a look at the file one last time You'll see That we had a series of Quests from 20 past the hour And then the last one from 23 minutes So our backup was successful Our restore was Successful and we were able to continue Using the data that was in the volume that we Recovered And that's the end of the demo Let me get this back There we go Great, thanks Andy for the demo I'd like to say please come join us In the Arc community It's a completely open source We have a number of external contributors Who have been working on Arc since the initial release And so we'd love to have you come join us Whether it's to provide feedback on Arc Whether it's to provide real world Use cases that you're using it for Or whether you'd like to add features yourself Please come talk to us So we're easily accessible through GitHub Or through Slack, we have a Slack channel In the Kubernetes org We have a Google group if you'd like to subscribe For release notifications So please come join us And we really are looking for your input We have So many ideas about Backup and recovery But I'm sure you have more And specific needs So please do come and find us Whether it's today or next week, next month We would appreciate the input And at this point, if anyone has any questions We would be happy to answer them Why don't you come up to the mics I think everyone will be able to hear That would be great Sure, go ahead So in this case, if you restore Back a copy That doesn't include data about A pod that happened To survive whatever outage You had What happens to that pod? So is the question If the backup didn't include the pod And then there was a restore?  Sort of A specific question Like if there are pods running on your Machines that Kubernetes manages Or rather just containers That aren't part of pods That Kubernetes knows about Will Kubernetes kill those Or let them continue Or like So Kubernetes will not touch Any containers that it's not responsible For Similarly if you have containers That you are running manually Or an ARC backup and an ARC restore We don't know anything about those containers Because Kubernetes doesn't Okay, it doesn't like wipe and recreate No, the cubelet will leave them untouched Cool, thanks Take one over here What's the Appropriate way to monitor Whether a backup was successful or failed Good question So we have logs That are stored per backup So If you're doing a backup You'll see that it's in progress And when the backup has completed or failed You'll be able to retrieve those logs And see what the problems were Is there any way you can add a status hook Or something to just say Just call this service Webhook script whatever to be like This didn't work and I just want you to know That's a really good idea and it's actually in line With something we are planning on doing Which is in addition to the pod hooks That Steve mentioned we do want to have A simple hook so when it starts Send out a web hook when it finishes Whether it was successful Or a failure send out a notification as well I don't care if it's successful Just that it's done The other thing to note is that Backups, restores and many of the other Arc concepts are CRDs Within Kubernetes And so you always have the option To write a watch on the CRDs Themselves and look for failures In the status Cool, thank you So great presentation In the multi-cluster We're looking at Disaster recovery use cases And trying to figure out how to do that I was just curious whether you'd seen anybody Do this particular scenario where You have like a primary cluster And a secondary cluster And something that monitors if the primary Cluster goes down and then Huses Arc to Basically Launch what was running on the primary On the secondary That's a very good question I don't think we've heard Any specific requests around that But one of the things that is on our roadmap Is being able to Take a backup that was in Say one region If you're on a cloud And be able to migrate that over To a different region and restore over there So that potentially could play into What you're looking to do And definitely fit into that picture In terms of monitoring and automating Moving the data From cluster to cluster as needed And I would also add to that That because Because Arc uses CRDs You always have the option to Write a layer yourself on top of Arc That's monitoring the health of your primary cluster And if there is a disaster You can write code to basically create Or restore CRD in your secondary cluster And automatically restore Objects into that So that's something you can very easily do Around Arc Thanks, it's a very helpful building block I'm wondering What are Pre-conditions that might cause Arc to fail The guy asked a question before I gave me an idea What if, let's say You tore down a namespace Or you lost a namespace that you had backed up And you wanted to restore it So if you had a namespace up And maybe had some of the resources Created already What would happen if I did a restore? Sure, so what Arc does right now Is it will try to create every single object That you've specified as part of the restore And if it encounters any conflicts It logs it as a warning Or it puts it in the status as a warning Right now, so it's very visible When you see that the restore has completed It'll tell you if there were any errors Which would be catastrophic Such as there was a conflict At the present, we just Record that fact So if there's something that's already pre-existing In the namespace, we won't touch it In the future, what we'd like to do Is make it pluggable so that you can say On a conflict Here is custom logic to run to make the decision Do I patch what's in there Already with what I have Do I accept what's already there Or do I replace what's there What came from the backup Are there any types of resources that don't behave So well than when they're restored From a backup as if compared to Just being created Yes, the one that I can think of Off the top of my head is load balancer services Those depend on the UID of the service And that's not a field that is Something you can mutate or set It's set by the API server itself So if you have a load balancer API service Tied to say an Amazon ELB If you take a backup and you do a restore You're going to get a different one Unfortunately And hopefully we can work with the community To see if we can solve that How are you typing so fast? So I've got to thank Joe Beda For finding a script on GitHub I think it's called demo magic Where All of that was a real demo I just was hitting enter to get it to type for me Okay, thanks Thank you I'd like to know The performance of the backup And do we Backup that data or the Full backup every time So we'll go as fast as the API server will let us Right now We aren't setting the QPS on the Client so I believe the default is About five requests a second Which certainly could be slow If you have a lot of data We do plan to make that configurable Where does the PV snapshots go It's as fast as Your cloud provider Or whatever you're using can do the snapshots Over here So just to Tie into the last two comments It would be great to see it run faster Actually because it takes a couple of hours To do a restore in the event of a Major outage it'll be pretty Difficult for us Our RCD size is about 850 megs Two to three thousand And a whole ton of config maps that Helm leaves behind And the other thing is so what are we Doing about the load balancers Because that's a major impediment To restore I have been involved in a little bit Of discussion about that with the community I honestly don't know Where it currently stands But we will be following up with that Thanks So my question is related to previous ones How well does it interface With other things that are managing resources Like if I do a helm deploy It's kind of keeping track of what resources Are part of the chart And something horrible happens Everything goes away I restore using arc If I do another helm deploy Will it pick up correctly Or we'll try to start a whole new thing I'm not intimately familiar with helm But the way that our backups And restores generally work Is we Backup the majority of the object We may strip off status For example And then most of our objects We restore as is There's a couple of exceptions here and there So if there are certain pieces Of data that you need That we're accidentally stripping off Or not on purpose Then please file an issue If you find problems and we'll correct them Thanks I think we have time for one more over here So to answer the question earlier for load balancers There's actually an open PR To set the load balancer name Which cloud providers use to look up load balancers So then they would be able to restore Then and not rely on the UED For a name that's open So if you want to go comment on that PR We're trying to figure out a good way But also for a question for arc What about resources managed outside Of Kubernetes like DNS To have a hook for if you need to have A load balancer like right now To have DNS be able to update as well To have like an outside hook I think that's a great idea I would be happy to talk more About exactly where the hook would fit in And feel free to file a GitHub issue And then we can talk about it Thanks Thank you everyone I think we're about out of time Thanks everyone


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Hello David Diga Hernandez here. Welcome to Spirit Church. Today I'm going to be talking about knowing Christ in greater depths. If in your heart you've been longing to know Jesus more and draw closer to God then today is really going to bless you. We're going to get right into that but first Stephen Mock to zoom us here. He's going to lead us in some worship. Thank you Diga. You know wherever you're at just begin to see God and just thank him. Father we thank you God for just the moments that you give us God with you. Jesus let us find you God wherever we're at God. I'll just sing on hallelujah and hallelujah. I'll just simple words sing again. We're going to get into the word and I'm going to be talking to you about knowing the depths of Christ. I'm going to pray with you before we begin. Normally I wait to pray until toward the end of the Spirit Church broadcast and we are we're going to pray again then too. But something in my heart just told me that there are many of you who are watching this. There's someone watching this and you're coming and you're watching this video. You're coming to this video tired and frustrated and there's a lot weighing on your shoulders right now and everything within you wants to connect with the Lord. You're saying Lord Jesus I want to know you in greater depths. I desire to understand who you are more and more and I want to step into closer relationship with you. I want to step further into this journey with you than I've ever stepped before and that's somebody but you're hindered right now because there's so much on your mind. There's so much coming against you. There's so much that you can look at and be distracted by but I want to pray with you that the God of all peace that the Prince of peace would touch your life right now and that God would bring a calm in the midst of the chaos that God would bring a confidence in the areas where you feel the weakest. So Holy Spirit I pray for that one watching right now in Jesus name. I prayed that you help to settle the heart settle the mind and settle the soul learn that every thought that exalts itself against the knowledge of God be brought down in the captivity in Jesus name. Lord let the frustration and the anger and Lord the doubt and the fear let it all fade away now in the precious name of Jesus we pray and I want you to say it say amen. That means you agree. So we're gonna get into this now interesting times we're living in. A lot of stuff going on right now but whatever it is that you think of what's happening right now I want to remind you that God is in control and that there is nothing that can happen to upset the kingdom of God here in the earth. I do not become bothered when the world is the world. I don't become fearful when wicked people in government or wicked people in rulership or wicked people in any form of authority choose to make decisions that go contrary to the word. So it was on my heart to minister this message because there are many who are wanting to know Christ in greater depths and let me tell you something. Now more than ever before it's important that we become rooted in Jesus. Now especially in these times it is so important that we understand the nature of Christ that we understand the person that we understand who he truly is that we understand the magnitude of the person with whom we are dealing that we're talking about God the one who spoke all of reality into existence and so when you're grounded in him when you know him it's impossible let me tell you something it's impossible to be swept away by demonic doctrines when you're rooted in Christ Jesus so especially in these times it's so important that the believers become more rooted than they ever have before let me tell you something I'm excited about everything that's going on in the world many people are afraid I mean you talk about what's going on with ISIS you talk about what's going on with Greece and their economic instability you talk about what's going on here in the United States where they just the Supreme Court just legalized in all state same-sex marriage you talk about a rampant abortion in this nation you talk about a changing and growing culture and it can become somewhat intimidating if you forget who we are that we are the church of the living God and the truth has prevailed through kingdoms and civilizations and nations and even rulers who tried to oppress the truth the truth can never be silenced and so what's interesting is now that believers you're going to find as you've been finding that the world has moved from loving us or tolerating us to attacking us so in other words the church has gone through these three phases just in the past several decades we have gone from being celebrated to tolerated to hate it and Jesus said that what happened so it doesn't concern me it doesn't concern me when people do such things because here's the truth God's setting the nation up this is how God sets things up for great awakenings this is how God sets up the nations to experience the revival that he has planned for that nation this is how God sets up the nations it's like chess pieces on a board and God has everything set and he's going to move sovereignly in this nation let me tell you something if Abraham could have found ten righteous in the land God would have spared that land and in this land there are more than ten righteous and you and I are the preservation of nations you and I are the salt of the earth and so long as we are here there is hope for a turning there's hope for renewal there's hope for awakening and I say all that because it has to do with what I'm talking about because I don't want to sound hateful let me tell you something and I'll just say this because people are gonna you know want some very direct responses from me let me just say this the Bible teaches that homosexuality is sin there's no way around that there's no there's nothing you can do to maneuver around that text okay I mean we're talking Romans we're talking Jude we're talking 1st Corinthians 6 there's nothing I mean Levitical law obviously that's funneled through the cross and everything with Levitical law was absorbed in Christ's life but we're talking New Testament now and there's really nothing anyone can do to get around that I mean they may try but the Bible is very clear having said that I was just talking to my my team here and they asked me if I was going to address it and at first I thought I wasn't but you know after prayerfully considering it I thought it's important just so you as my ministry partners and you who are members of Spirit Church you who follow this channel so that you understand where we as a ministry stand on these issues now I'm not gonna go campaigning against it I'm not gonna go trying to undo what the Supreme Court did look the world's gonna be the world let them do what they're gonna do it doesn't affect us so long as we keep preaching the gospel so if I start attacking one particular sin I gotta go start attacking all the other sin when my message is not the attacking of sin it's the preaching of salvation from sin through turning to Christ Jesus Jesus said when you preach the gospel preach repentance in the remission of sins that's what we preach so all sins need to be repented of having said that so that I don't sound angry if you're someone who comes from that lifestyle or you're from the world you're not a Christian I'm not talking to you right now this is Spirit Church this is for believers so as to not come across hateful know that I'm just being very candid I'm just being very matter-of-fact I'm not being very I'm not approaching it with emotions considered right now this is just for the church what does concern me are the believers or so-called believers who will stand and say well they stand and they say things that are supportive of it and I can go on all day about why it's not the same thing as interracial marriage I can go on all day about why it's it's unhealthy for our culture it's unhealthy for the individual psychologically physically emotionally we can go down that road but really that's not what this lesson is about what I thought about this was that Lord we need to be rooted it is so important that we as the people of God become rooted in Christ Jesus so I looked at the verse and this is pretty astounding here it's gonna be in Philippians chapter 3 starting at verse 1 this is what the scripture says whatever happens my dear brothers and sisters rejoice in the Lord I never get tired of telling you these things and I do it to safeguard your faith watch out for those dogs there he's being real secret sensitive there he says watch out for those dogs those people who do evil those mutilators who say you must be circumcised to be saved for we who worship by the spirit of God are the ones who are truly circumcised we rely on what Christ Jesus has done for us we put no confidence in human effort though I could have confidence in my own effort if anyone could indeed if others have reason for confidence in their own efforts I have even more so Paul the Apostle is saying here look we can't put our confidence in our accomplishments we can't put our confidence in our religious capability in our disciplines in our beliefs in our rigid strict order of life he says if anybody could boast in what they did as a religious person if anybody could truly boast and say look by accomplishment it means something or by accomplishment I can get in or by accomplishment I could be counted as worthy Paul the Apostle says if anyone who if there's anyone who can say that it's me that's what he's saying he then he gives a reason for that he starts to list all of his credentials his religious credentials verse 5 he says this I was circumcised when I was 8 days old I am a pure-blooded citizen of Israel and a member of the tribe of Benjamin a real Hebrew if there ever was one I was a member of the Pharisees who demand the strictest obedience to the Jewish law I was so zealous that I harshly persecuted the church and as for righteousness I obeyed the law without fault then verse 7 says I once thought these things were valuable but now I consider them worthless because of what Christ has done yes everything else is worthless when compared to the infinite value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord for his sake I have discarded everything else counting it all as garbage so that I could gain Christ verse 9 and become one with him I no longer count my own righteousness through obeying the law rather I become righteous through faith in Christ for God's way of making us right with himself depends on faith so Paul the Apostle saying look when you come to know and understand when you come into contact and you touch and you connect with Christ in a real tangible and true way when there's an authentic divine connection that is established between you and the risen Christ then false doctrine begins to become exposed everything about the false doctrine that he was a part of everything about the religious order that he was participating in everything about that not only did he see that it was not valuable anymore but he also saw it for what it truly was so to expose false doctrine in your life in order to have the deception unveiled from your eyes you have to connect with Christ the scripture says that describing the context of the last days that this will be a time when even the very elect will be deceived if it's possible we need to be on our guard we need to be watchful we need to be vigilant we need to be rooted so Paul the Apostle is saying look when I connect with Jesus when I truly come to know him and who he is all of the false doctrine all of the religion everything that I was once a part of it's nothing not only is it nothing I see how deceptive it truly was Paul the Apostle's eyes were open the moment he came into contact with Christ and the same is true of us that if we will keep our eyes on Jesus if we will stay focused on who he is and and completely give ourselves to the person of Christ then everything else will find its place and so he prefaces these statements so he prefaces the verse that we're about to get into now Paul sees the weakness of the false doctrine when he comes into crisis we saw in verse 8 and then verse 10 11 says this and this is so powerful so remember he goes down the list this is the context here he's going down the list he's listing his credentials he says ah but now that I've met Christ I realize that's nothing and now that I met Christ I realize that wasn't even the way to get in so two things happened when he met Christ he no longer valued the things of this world and secondly he was no longer deceived by false doctrine and so then he goes on to say this and this is verse let's start at verse 10 he says I want to know Christ and experience the power that raised him from the dead I want to suffer with him sharing in his death I love the way the king James puts it I believe the king James puts it I don't know if I can quote it verbatim but it says that I may know him and the power of his resurrection and the fellowship of his sufferings and then verse 11 says so that one way or another I will experience the resurrection from the dead now this is a powerful verse because in this verse Paul is saying I want to know three things because I want to know him the person I want to know the power that raised him from the dead or I want to experience the power that raised him from the dead number two the power and then he says and I want to know the fellowship of his sufferings I want to share in his pain number three the pain so Paul wanted to know the person Paul wanted to know the power and Paul wanted to know the pain he also wanted to know the promise which is salvation that's an entirely different message for an entirely different time but Paul wanted to know Christ in these depths he was so passionate to know Jesus that he wasn't satisfied seeing him in one dimension it's almost as if you saw a painting of Jesus you could see the two dimensions but if you actually saw Jesus in person you could see all three so Paul is mentioning the three dimensions here by which he comes to know Christ and that is the person the power and the pain each experience each understanding as you come to know each one of these things you come to know Christ in greater detail it's like different colors on a painting and they're coming to form an image and more detail is being presented before your eyes and the eyes of your heart begin to behold the master with vivid intense reality as the Holy Spirit reveals him as we begin to know the person as we begin to know the power as we begin to know his pain number one Paul wanted to know the person how do we come to know this you know Paul didn't consider himself as having obtained it there are people who say I have everything I need in Christ and though I agree with that to some extent they say that to imply that they don't need to learn that they don't need to grow I heard someone say the other day that they don't believe there are different levels of the anointing it's only logical to conclude that there are different levels in the anointing for if I can grow in something then there are therefore levels of something if I can grow in maturity there are levels of maturity if I can grow in power there are levels of power if I can grow in truth there are levels of truth if I can draw closer to Christ there are levels that I can have in my relationship with Christ yes Christ purchased the way but the Holy Spirit shows the way and the Holy Spirit shows the way if you will look for the way if you will dedicate yourself to finding him so some say well we already have it we've already obtained it we don't need to speak seek anymore we don't need to ask anymore and they act as if they don't need to be taught they act as if they don't need to mature they act as if there are not different levels of the anointing when they're most certainly are and you can grow in all of those and so Paul the apostle even says look at the verse after this verse 12 he says I don't mean to say that I have already reached these things or that I've already reached perfection but I press on to reach that perfection for which Christ Jesus first possessed me no dear brothers and sisters I have not achieved it but I focus on this one thing for getting the past and looking forward to what is ahead verse 14 I press on to reach the end of the race and receive the heavenly prize for which God through Christ Jesus is calling us now this is powerful because not even Paul the apostle considered himself to fully know Christ yet how can we I mean this man wrote most of the New Testament we can't consider ourselves as having arrived if Paul the apostle hasn't either and so this is what the scripture says says that I may know him you know the person of Christ is much more than you might think so number one now the person we often say you know when I get to heaven I'm gonna walk up to the throne with God I'm gonna ask him this I'm gonna ask him that I'm gonna eat over here I'm gonna you know and I'm not trying to be critical so please don't feel like I'm being critical but you know there's this culture that's permeated the church and it's it's very it we've grown very aloof to God it's almost like this hippie culture where it's like oh he's my daddy he's my buddy he's my you know that's what that's what they call man I'm all for terms of endearment toward God for the scripture says we call my father but this lacks a day's ago attitude this aloof approach this lack of reverence this lack of holy fear and trembling when we speak of God as if oh you know he's just our buddy that's not the case I mean revelation describes his throne was having lightning proceeding from it that his eyes like fire that when he speaks his voice is like the rumbling of many waters that there's thunder and lightning around his throne that creatures fly about that there's this immaculate heavenly display when we approach the throne in fact everyone who even caught a glimpse of him fell face downward in dread they fell to the ground trembling and shaking and awestruck the children of Israel they couldn't even approach the mountain and someone say well yeah well now we can approach through Christ yes we approach through Christ but I'm talking about God the Father whom Christ is a reflection of there still needs to be this reverence in fact when Jesus walked around there was a scripture there were the men who are on the road to Aramaic said did not our hearts burn he had such a power about him that just being even near him changed the very atmosphere where he was we're talking about a holy God here even when he spoke people said we've never heard anyone even speak like this this is the person there is great depth to him there is great depth to him it's not shallow it's not all i'm gonna go have a cup of coffee with him it's knowing and understanding you explore Christ as if an explorer would explore the vastness of the ocean or the cosmos standing on the very verge the very edge of something greater than oneself you're inspired and you get this sense that you're stepping into something greater than you let me tell you something there have been meetings that we've had as a ministry where the glory of God rested so heavily on that place that it was terrifying that people begin to tremble they didn't go jumping around and shouting and laughing and that's all part of different moves of God but i'm talking about touching the deep deep glory i'm not talking about new ageism i'm not talking about spiritualism much of that is coming to the church and it cheapens what you would call glory the glory is the full weight the fullness of who he is and he's holy and he's majestic and he's grand that's the person there is great richness in the person of Christ even as i'm talking you're longing to know him that's because when you talk about how great he is it inspires a thirst, a hunger you thirst after him you long for him david the psalmist wrote as the deer pants for the water so my soul longs after they and let me tell you something believer that longing was placed there by the Holy Spirit he wants to draw you in he wants to take you to the places of knowing understanding his nature not just understanding his actions see some believers they understand his actions and they go from event to event because they want to experience his power which is good but i want to understand his ways so the person is known by the Spirit 1 Corinthians chapter 2 verse 13 you can read it later for the sake of time i won't be able to read it now 1 Corinthians chapter 2 verse 13 in fact 1 Corinthians chapter 2 verse 10 12 and 13 are all great verses that talk about how only the Holy Spirit can give revelation so number one the person is known by the Spirit you look in John 1 1 in the beginning was the word the word was with God and the word was God John 1 14 and the word became flesh and we beheld his glory full of grace and truth and the scripture describes this fleshing out of the sun this creation this incarnation where the Holy Spirit takes God the son God the word and he manifest him as a vivid reality in our world the Holy Spirit reveals the sun the Holy Spirit can reveal Christ such vivid reality such intense reality that he can become more real to you in a moment than your surroundings or even yourself Christ can become more of a reality to you than yourself and that's only by the Spirit so it's always the Holy Spirit who takes the sun and brings them about as a revelation so that's number one Paul wanted to know the power and the power the person and the person is known by the Spirit number two Paul said I want to know his power the key to knowing power is surrender I'm not saying that God can't use anybody I mean God spoke to a donkey God can use the sinner I mean he used you know Rahab I know Pastor who before he got saved because he had grown up in church he was drunk and his friend asked him to lead him to the Lord you know you know Ron Simpkins he tells the story all the time and he says that at a bar or some place like that his friend was under heavy conviction and well Pastor Ron Simpkins was drunk he led his friend in the sinner's prayer to the Lord now God can use sinners God can use donkeys God can use sometimes disobedient people I mean look at Jonah he was running from the call of God he was on the boat he was heading away from where he was supposed to head to Tarsus and not to Tarsus to Nineveh and so he's heading away and the men on the boat as Jonah is disobeying God the men on the boat come to know the Lord well he's running so God used Jonah to save those men so I'm not talking about those exceptions but someone who wants to surrender life someone who wants their life to be continuously used by God and by the power of the Holy Spirit you have to surrender so sanctity is part of surrender yielding is surrender willingness is surrender humility is surrender God can only multiply what you give he can only feel what is empty he can only empower what is surrendered you cannot be filled with power if your life is full of self you have to become empty John 3.30 says I must decrease but he must increase so that when I surrender when I present myself as a living sacrifice when I lay down my life I say father I wanna know your power put your power on my life and he'll do it if you'll surrender if you'll say Lord take all that I am I'm not gonna ask questions I'm not gonna put conditions you use my life how you want so number one the person is known by the Spirit the power is known by surrender James 4.7 says that you draw near to God and he will draw near to you you have to initiate it through surrender so we see that the person again is known by the Spirit the power is known by surrender how then do we know the pain so Paul's so desired to know Christ think about this passion on Christ he's so desired to know Christ that he even wanted to share his pain he was so intrigued so fascinated by the person and the image of Jesus that he said if I can understand him from just one more angle if I can understand him just a little more if I can come to gather the richness that is the revelation of his person if I can just eat of that revelation just a little bit I'll suffer for it if I have to I'm not talking about buying the anointing Christ already paid for it but I'm talking about walking worthy as Ephesians chapter 4 I believe verse 1 tells us to do Ephesians 1 through 3 tells us that the gospel is all Christ works that it's finished there's the mystery of the gospel and then he says in light of all of this and the fact that God has worked all this out for us he doesn't say now relax and just soak it in and do nothing and let God take care of it he says now walk worthy so we have to walk worthy and we do so in the fellowship of sufferings so again I'm not talking about purchasing salvation I'm not talking about purchasing power I'm talking about understanding Christ and we understand Him because we suffer with Him so Isaiah chapter 53 verse 3 says that he was rejected and despised we will be rejected and despised Galatians 2 20 says that I'm crucified with Christ 1 Corinthians chapter 15 verse 31 says that I die daily you know the person through the spirit the power through surrender but you're gonna know the pain through sacrifice and really I hesitate to even call anything sacrifice because anything we give unto the Lord he's gonna give it right back in greater measures so you can also say it as submission and that is somewhat of a sacrifice but you have to step out in faith there's a price to pay for the anointing let me tell you something you think this all come I mean people look I mean I'm just gonna share my testimony with you right now and don't take it as bragging this is just my story but you know you look at what God has blessed me with and you look at the television minister you see the people healed you see the power and presence of God touching people you see the influence you see the revelation this comes at a price and that price I wish you would increase the price of because it's prayer it's spending time with the Lord it's staying away from evil this doesn't just come in a day this doesn't just come in a week this is years and years and years of faithfulness you know I'm 26 now I've been in the ministry since I was 13 years old I'm not talking about paying your dues this is not a union the kingdom of God doesn't work that way anyway and this is not about seniority the kingdom of God doesn't work that way either this is about the heart and God works on the heart over long periods of time even though he does miraculous moments where he touches the heart but I'm talking about experiencing and suffering with Christ the pain people often say oh you disappoint the Lord with your sin well if he loves me enough to be disappointed by me surely he loves me enough to be elated by me you know when you worship him when you obey him that you touch his heart and you make him glad think about that that is so powerful that you can make God glad and so when I talk about the fellowship of his suffering you know that when you're in pain when you're in a time of great struggle when you're in a time where you're saying Lord I don't know what to do I don't know how I'm supposed to get through this people are persecuting me people are hurting me I feel disconnected I feel, I remember I prayed with you at the beginning because I sensed that was you or some of you watching at least but really when you're in pain and you worship in your pain that's fellowship of his suffering it draws you closer God will do more through your pain God will do more through your pain than almost anything else when you worship in your time of pain you're fellowshiping in his suffering don't waste the time of pain don't waste the hurt don't waste the rejection don't waste the calamity don't waste the trial don't waste the circumstance worship, obey, love God and when you worship in your time of pain it'll draw you closer and it's the fellowship of his suffering this is your opportunity what a privilege it is what a joyful, glorious privilege it is to share in the fellowship in the fellowship, in the union, in the connection with Christ's suffering that I may know him that I may know him you come to know him in your pain you come to know him in your problem when you can worship him time of despair you're connected to the divine don't let your pain go to waste let it be the fellowship of his suffering by whenever you worship he comes nearer whenever you worship he's drawn closer so when you worship in your pain he's nearer, the scripture says he's nearer to the broken hearted God resists the problem, gives grace to the humble when you're in pain you're humbled it is in the brokenness that we find our dependency it's the blessedness of brokenness when you realize really there is great liberty in realizing one's own brokenness for in such realization we find a greater dependency upon the Holy Spirit and it's the fellowship of his suffering that I may know him that I may know him I just want to know you I remember when I used to pray when I first got saved when I used to pray prayers like Lord I want to know you I still pray but when I first started I remember my whole body would tense up I thought it was in physical or emotional tension that I could really yearn for and I remember just saying Lord I just want to know you I care about ministry but in comparison to knowing you I don't care in comparison to knowing who you are in comparison to connecting with you in comparison to understanding the great riches of the revelation of the person of Jesus nothing else compares all loss it's nothing let's pray that you would be drawn in close Father in Jesus name touch that one watching let that one be drawn closer to you Lord they want to know the person let them meet the spirit in the word Father they want to know the power thank you for the privilege that we can pay that price thank you that we can pay the price let them pay the price for the anointing Lord let them for the power be surrendered and Father in Jesus name that we would know the fellowship of your suffering let not our pain go to waste let not our problem go to waste let not our despair go to waste let us fellowship, let us worship in that time of suffering and be drawn closer to you in Jesus name don't turn off the video yet there's somebody watching me Lord help me get this right Lord I assure this is you every step of the way I see there's a problem there's an infection right in your throat and it's toward the back and it moves up and it's affecting your ears sinus is everything God's bringing healing to you right now Lord in Jesus name let the healing power of God begin to flow and touch that one watching in Jesus name there's a woman watching you're wearing something red there's a woman watching you're wearing something red it's like a reddish shirt and you're praying for your son you're concerned for him God's gonna take care of him his name starts with a D I'm just getting a D we have a red shirt you're praying for your son his name starts with a D and you're believing God to touch his life because you've seen you've been concerned about the influence of people that have come into his life and you're praying for that to be separated you're concerned for the music he's listening to as well God's gonna set him free wow God's really moving well before I head out now and before we bring the spirit church to close spirit family you're a member of this church remember to support this guys we need all the support you can get you're receiving from this ministry you love this ministry you're blessed by this ministry look we don't want to just continue doing what we're doing well we want to continue what we're doing and do even greater things we have some big doors opening don't I don't want to have to say no I want you today to sew into this ministry you're watching this on YouTube and you're just searching through videos you're not planning on giving but God's speaking to your heart $100 I just heard that someone's gonna sew $100 into this ministry that's you because before I said it it was in your heart go obey the Lord go do it I'm challenging you to do it because when you do God's gonna meet you at his word you're gonna meet you at his promise there's somebody who can sew $1000 right now into this ministry and you're gonna help the gospel you're gonna help with the evangelism you're gonna help with the television you're gonna help with spirit you're gonna help with the projects various projects that we do so go ahead do that today support this ministry if you're a friend if you're a watch of your I'm challenging you to do we need your help guys I need your help I need my brothers and sisters to come alongside me and stand with me as I continue to preach the gospel and we continue to see lives change remember if one life can be changed by the gospel that implies an entire nation an entire world can be changed so let's do it together so today thank you for it I will see you next time at Spirit Church and until next time remember this that nothing absolutely nothing is impossible with God


Hello and welcome to the 2009 update, the Galaxy code base. I'm Gareth Price, Service Manager of Galaxy Australia, a proud member of the UseGalaxy.start ecosystem of global Galaxy servers. The 2009 update has just been released. It contains 174 enhancements to the code base and 176 fixes. We thank all those people that have utilised the Galaxy Kit Hub for putting in pull requests and issue requests. We also thank the over 200 plus contributors to fixing and maintaining that code base that allows these cry yearly updates to come out so smoothly. If you're interested in diving into either a user level highlights or a developed slash admin summary of the update, the two web links shown here on the screen will take you to those notes. Today I've just picked out a few of the highlights of the updates that I want to step through. The first one I want to start with is where many of us start our Galaxy journey importing data. Galaxy has allowed data import from your local computer from a public URL or an FTPC site for many years now. The new and exciting features coming in 2009 allow import via Dropbox and also any web DAF enabled cloud storage service. So through a simple change to your user configuration and your user preferences to specify your cloud storage location, a small amount of work on your Galaxy admin to enable this feature, you will soon be able to import data directly from the cloud services as shown on the bottom left hand screen here in the tool data upload pop-up box. When enabled, you will simply navigate through your cloud storage mechanism the same way you would through your local computer. A great new feature and will really allow people to bring in a larger and more complex data sets which is the pattern we are seeing Galaxy usage. We have new features for training. The Galaxy project maintains a fantastic training resource Galaxy training network with just shy of 200 tutorials on how to get the most out of your Galaxy or how to do some part of life science research. Now enabled currently shown here on my screen on Galaxy Europe but soon to be enabled across other Galaxy servers is this academic hat icon that pops up the Galaxy training network in a fully interactive window within your Galaxy session. Importantly, there are two elements to this interactive window has been shown here. One, you can copy data out of it such as web links to file imports to allow you to seamlessly move between your Galaxy and the training work. And the other really exciting feature is the click to run feature. So if there is a tool described in the Galaxy training network, simply clicking on that tool will bring up the tool form inside your Galaxy instance. A great way to seamlessly bring in GTN content inside the training network. Speaking of bringing data in and integrating services, one of the more exciting features is the in tool data upload. So now if you forget or just need that little bit of extra data inside a tool menu, you can now bring in and invoke a in tool data upload the same way you would bring in data at the start of an analysis and building your history. This will be a great way to again increase that seamless journey from data import to analysis to reiteration of your data. And we're really excited about that feature also. We're also excited, we're excited about everything. The improved workflow layout shown below is the current layout in 2005 and previous versions of Galaxy. It's a linear layout from raw data traditionally on the left hand side through to analyzed data on the right hand side. It's highly functional, but it's not always human intuitive. As you can see the connections between tool items are run under boxes, cross boxes, and it can be a little difficult to track. In the 2009 version, which has just come out, the workflow layout is now enhanced.  Other improvements summarized here, there are now workflow reports per workflow submission. So six workflow submissions, six reports, a lot easier to dive into the workflows you've done. Workflow import has been enabled from the GA4GH service dock store and workflow hub can now be directly imported into your Galaxy instance. Workflows again, such a huge part of the Galaxy in what really makes it such a wonderful reproducible and accessible platform. So simplified workflow submission forms with a focus on the tool parameters that you want to focus on and choice of data sets. Can't wait for that. And also can't wait for the accelerated batch job creation of workflow scheduling. So this is an under hood to one, but you as a user will be quite excited about. So batch job and workflow submission has been sped up over 100 fold. You'll see this as fast to queuing times and bus scheduling times to your workflows. Finally, a feature that has traditionally sat with the Galaxy admin, the deletion of an account from the server has now been put back on to you.  Next, I'd like to talk about one of the plugins that's come from our continuing growing base of global Galaxy service, the Galaxy P server, and their multi-omics visualization plugin shown here on the left and right hand side of the screens for configuration content and visualization content. The multi-omics visualization plugin is going to really help enable those researchers to bring in and comparing disparate data sets from transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, and tableau mix. And again, like so many of the developments in 2018, I'm super excited about this and the primary publication for this can be found recently in giga science at the DIY listed below. And I just want to finish on the increase in the data types that have been supported through the platform. There are a number of these I'm going to go through all of them. They include sound and video support, better support for compression and decompression and some fixes to our tools along the way. So in all, those are some of the exciting features coming in Galaxy 2009. Until next time, please do stay update with Galaxy's progress. You can watch our screencasts on Vimeo, join the community at Galaxy Project, follow us on Twitter, or reach out on Gitter and IRC for questions about the service or just our social chat. Thank you very much.


Femali lafuruwa na M Nisha kwa kukik, iti toch nwa jame ni ki chuak ui, kiko hida kukik duha pake na hote. Ui na kakume tui, kik sagadu na hote na hote. Ui na hote na hote na hote na hote. Yata mla kakume tui? Ako na ugaile. Ui na hote na ribu. Nisha karemu ni tata, I have my own energy. I have the energy in me so that really doesn't affect me but it depends on the type of person you are. So let's join the type of guy. Kauna fo lile sayi, dikinia kuchokaraka. Kauna fo lile sayi dunesa mentain. Muna zafanya imambo leo na wu kimbeye bado. Ukotusa ho. Mubipe mo na tupo katika pulse, influenza wad, security markup, minination na tattoo. And we have some of the biggest winners up to muna fit na umanyala komo jena mkewake. Mkwate. Go fit sana. Darashkuru. This is one of the biggest nights for you guys. Umanyala you have been declared the winner for sports category. How do you feel about this? I feel good. Being the second time I'm taking it. That means nime pigajo and I appreciate it. And thanks to everybody who supports and believes in us, in me. How do you feel about this? What is coming home? I feel blessed at the fact that Kenyans are showing the love.  It means the fans there are impressed with what he is doing. It is impacting people's life. Which is what he is meant to do and we are very blessed. Nice. Umanyala coming here today, why are you expecting that you are going to work home with an award? Honestly yes. Because I was following the numbers. But the main reason for me coming here is I love such events. Along the season we don't get the chance to interact with people in suits. We are always in sports attires and even if we meet the different people, it's always business. We don't get the time to laugh with people and just get that interaction. So me getting to this event, that's one of the biggest reasons that I came. And of course the award. But the main reason was to interact, connect with people, connect with friends. Because since February we have not get to see each other so it's good. Apart from the award probably, what is going to be your biggest takeaway from this particular event? You know in life you live once. I'll take this from Sean Cadovilli story. We spoke barely 3 weeks before he died. And 3 weeks later he was not there anymore. So in life always take the chances. If you have the opportunity to do something, do it because you never know tomorrow. I remember during covid days we were competing and one week later everything was shut down. And we were planning for another event a week and a half. So in life you never know tomorrow. If you got a chance to do something just do it because you never know where you will wake up from tomorrow. So for you what is going to be your biggest takeaway from this particular event? It's good to have a network because when you have such events you get to interact with people from different categories. Everyone is training in their own career and in their own ventures. So just being able to come together and network and interact. It's something we can take away with. Could you say you are dedicating this award to? Sean because we were in the same category. And also I'll say Sean but a portion of you to the funds. Yes. Yeah sure. So Omanyela you have been travelling the world. Representing Kenya on the biggest stage ever. 100 meters we were never known for that before. But because of you right now even Africa knows that Kenya also we are going to participate in short races. What is next for you? Because now we have seen you on a couple of stages. Representing Kenya world. What is next for you and the future plans that Omanyela has in store? This time I took a break. Haven't set any goals. Because our season just ended like three weeks ago. So for me right now it's all about family and just letting my mind don't think about athletics. So I don't have any plans right now but what I know is that I'm going to win the Olympics. I don't know how but I'm going to win the Olympics. Yes. So that's what makes me want to ask one question probably. When you're not in the field what do you like to do on your free time? Spending time with family and just my alone time. And I love watching movies. And now we're having the World Cup in rugby. So it's taking a lot of our time in the evenings. Yeah. Thank you. I'm sorry. Sure. Thank you. I love the University of Kulisanswali. My name is Chief Okuso from Black TV. First of all congratulation for the award. And we know you are the fastest man in Africa right now. And to tell kujuhatu kaziako kama manariyada namkeo. Hamba piya kukwenye riyada kama wewe. Kuna hi noshan watua na sema before we ended up in sports. Umutua na faku maintain testosterone nivi. Asifanya mapezi kablaz. What do you do? What do you do? What do you do? What do you do? You don't obey such a thing. Sini tachu wajame ni kifuataiyo. But it depends on the people. Onizaji patawenim say wuki fanyimambo. Unainisha ako yote. Una recap after 2 weeks. Bara jolu ya ka si isi? Si isi bara nimbaya. Lakini se zisema that doesn't affect me. Because I have my own energy. I have the energy in me so. That really doesn't affect me, but it depends on the type of person you are. So let's not join any typegani. Kauna for lilesa, indiki na kuchokaraka. Kauna for lilesa, indi nesa mentain. Muna zafanya imambo leo na kimbi evadu. Ukotusao. Probably, mingepenato kujua. Are you looking forward to seeing your wife on the global stage, come away probably, when a reada will she be participating in the short races, how much the long ones? What can you say about that? Actually, I got into the sport. Nilingia kama ashaanza. Yali amwok chunga familiar. So for now, at least we have everything we have. We have all the resources, so for me, making sure that she gets everything she wants. I end up training different camps in the world. And I love to see her on top here. What can you say about that? I'm looking forward to that. With all the support, I know it will be a hit. This year, probably 2 years, how long? The most difficult thing is kuwanza. Not ready to chanza. So we are one foot in. So the rest will take care of itself. Pensions. Pensions. God's time. God's time. Asking our question about probably family. What do you love about Omanyala? And Omanyala also the same. The question will also apply to you. What do you love most about your wife? What do you want to say about her? I have a God-given heart. That I have not seen in many. He has a very caring heart. And that is the most attractive thing about him. He cares about people. Yes. For her, she is understanding. And she is very loving. Because sometimes you get surprises that I will expect. And the good thing is that she understands and that makes us compatible. Because I have been under stress and I have been performing with her. So she is like a cushion. Sometimes we argue, but argumentation doesn't go to her. At the middle of it she will check her. That's something that I love about her. Yes. That is nice. Right now, we are ministry and especially dealing with sports. They are appreciating athletes more than the way it was before. I think wukianza reza kwanzaza pili. There was not that appreciation much. Right now, you guys win gold. You come and go to state house. You are received well at the airport and all that. How does that make you feel? And how does you take that kind of appreciation from the government? Of course, if you are out there and anytime you are thinking of coming back home and you think about when you come back home, victorious, you will get a lot of money, you will get to meet the president and all that, that's the motivation enough. That really makes you really work hard. And anytime you lose, you feel so bad because now you're not going to get all that. But of course, they can't give it to everybody because we are so many athletes in this country. But we have to push ourselves hard and that makes us to push ourselves hard. Knowing that at the back of our mind knowing that there's appreciation enough that will make us appreciate and make our living out of this pot. Yes. Ayango Maniala watching you from Mumias, watching you from Rift Valley, watching you from the coast. What are you going to tell them? I can tell them that life is not easy. People see us on TV and they think we just get there by luck or something like that. We don't get there by luck. We've worked hard together and we've had the patience together. We've had the commitment and the consistency together. So anybody who wants to get in that line, they should know that it's not an easy task. They should know it's a hassle. It's a very big hassle. And now that everybody wants to sprint, it will be very hard to make it out of sprint.  And I hope that they get all the support they want and to the guardians and the parents because that's where the hadolis they should support their talented kids. Because it starts with them. If you find a parent on a kazi mtui, then that really affects the mental aspect and the performance of that child. So the next generation to employ it in our sport, jobs may die. Jobs may die. How many people are graduating from universities right now? Thousands of people are graduating from universities. So if your child or son or daughter has a talent, nacha it. We'll try our best to bring the structures to develop sprints in this country and we just hope that when we start, we get all the corporate support we want. Yes. So one of the best probably countries among the competition you have gone in a country man do ka pen do ka sema, actually our side from the sport that are the competition I've come here to do, I would love to come back to this country. Which is that country? Ya suali ningumu, because I have a list of so many countries that I want to go back to. Ya, it's a long list. Pari, butsuwara, ya ni mingi because every time I travel and I compete and the love that I get in the stadiums and out of the stadiums is just massive. So I can't just pick a specific country and say he can't in a pen do, but I mean like in a country smoke. The list ni mrefu. I'll get to narrow down to that list when I do my retirement season. Ya. I think the last one maybe there's a young man from Togo he runs a hundred meters. So you come on up here. Butsuwara ma Togo. Let's see it. What do you think of that young man? He's talented, he's a great guy, great gentleman, respectful and he listens. Anytime I talk to him he listens. Ya. Nim humble, simple and we joke a lot with him. He's talented and his future is very bright. So I just wish a very successful career for him and we pray that there's no injuries that will come into his body so that he can we can together take this Africa at the next level, but in the time being I'm the African king. He has to run behind you but he's doing well. Ya. Ya. So we appreciate that you guys have spoken to us, now all the best you guys are going to compete on the next stages now quish all the best manze. Continue representing us. Thank you. Prayers Kabisa, prayers. Sao sao. Thanks for the support. Now na jua they flock to my DMs especially after a Budapest. Ya. So thanks the fans. Thanks for believing me and I'm glad that you guys are happy that you're bringing something new to this country. So we'll continue doing that and like I said we are promising to nurture that spring talent and we're writing down a structure that will make sure that springs doesn't die in this country. Asante nisana. Nashkuru sana for your support. Wandele kumombia na mzidi kum support. Means a lot to us. Thank you. Thank you so much for your time.


So, the main theorem that we proved in the previous lecture was that to check if a subspace of Rn is compact it is enough to check that the subspace is closed and bounded and as an application of this we proved that Son is compact in the previous lecture, a subspace y of Rn is compact if and only if y is closed and bounded right and as an application we saw that Son is compact right. Similarly, we can prove that Son. So, slight modifications of the proof that Son is compact will show us that On the group of unitary matrices and special unitary matrices these are all compact ok. So, today we will in this lecture we will see we will first study how compact compactness behaves with respect to continuous maps. So, let us begin with this proposition. So, let me just write that. So, behavior of compactness with respect to. So, we begin with this proposition f from x to y e a continuous map. So, the image of a compact set of compact subset is compact ok. So, let us prove this. So, let z contain in x p compact. So, then we need to show that f of z is compact. So, let us assume that. So, let me make a remark to show that to show that f of z or rather a subspace subspace is compact it is enough to show that if y prime is contained in a curve u i where u i is open in y then y prime is contained in a finite curve. So, we have seen this already on two occasions before. So, let us just prove this is easy. So, suppose y prime is compact and y prime we are given that y prime is contained in this in this curve u i's. So, this implies that y prime is equal to this is an open curve for y primes. And since y prime is compact. So, this implies that y prime is equal to there is a finite indexing set u i j which implies that y prime is contained in union. Conversely suppose y prime has this property conversely suppose y prime has the upper property as a property that if we put y prime if y prime is contained in an open cover where u i's are open subsets of y and not of y prime then it is contained in a finite sub cover. Then let us show that we show that y prime is compact as follows. First let us take let y prime be equal to union i in i w i be an open cover of y prime. Now, y prime has a subsets of all the which means that each w i is equal to y prime intersected u i for some u i open in y. So, this implies that y prime is contained in union i in i u i which implies that it is contained in because it has this property u i j which implies that y prime is equal to j equal to 1 this implies y prime is compact. So, we will repeatedly use this remark. So, if you want to show that a subspace is compact we will show that every time it is contained in an open cover it is contained in a finite sub cover of that open cover. So, we need in our case we need to show that f of z is compact. So, suppose f of z is contained in not real union let us say v i is i is open. So, then we have z is contained in this cover i in i f inverse of v i and since f is continuous this is open in and as z is compact there is a finite sets z is contained in i j which implies f of z is contained in thus f of z is compact. So, this completes a proof of the proposition and we will prove the following lemma. So, the following proposition is very useful is very useful that f from x to y be a bijective continuous map if x is compact then f is a homomorphism. So, proof.  So, since f is bijective and continuous it is enough to show that the image of an open subset is open and which happens if and only if the image that is an easy check and I give you of a closed subset. So, we will show this. So, let z contain x be a closed subset then as x is compact this implies z is compact. This is because we have proved that closed subspace of a compact space is compact which implies that f of z is compact which implies that. So, once again we are under the hypothesis that all our spaces are host of. So, in a host of space a compact subspace is closed. So, f is a bijective continuous map and it takes close sets to close sets from this we can easily conclude that it takes open sets to open sets. So, or in any case from this we conclude we easily conclude f is a homomorph. So, before we started discussion on. So, this was a very general discussion on compactness and before we started discussion on compact metric spaces how compactness how we can. So, just as earlier in case of metric spaces we had given a special description of closed subspaces how we had described we had explained how to describe closed subspaces and how to describe continuous maps between metric spaces. So, in case of compactness also we can make some comments when our space is a metric space. But before we go on to that we will state this following very important theorem which we will not prove x i be compact of logical spaces for i in i. So, this capital I is now an infinite possibly infinite index set then this product x i obviously this we mean given the product apology is compact. So, this is called Tickanoff's theorem we will not prove this in this a proof may be found in Munkreis. So, we will end this lecture here.