Guess I'll go ahead and get started. My name is Pascal Jolie. I'm a functional architect with HP Software Cloud Solution Lab. And today I'm going to discuss about application deployment in Hybrid Cloud. So Hybrid Cloud is being kind of a buzzword these days. My definition of it is the deployment of IT services between a private cloud and a public cloud to take advantage of economy of scale, distribution of risk. Just to get a show of hands, how many of you have already deployed an application in production in a hybrid cloud? OK, very few of you. So what I would like to do today is cover a few topics that you see on this slide and then I have about 10 minutes for Q&A at the end of this session. Also to clear the mean spirited jokes on Portland weather. For me, Portland weather is just full of surprises. Now let's discuss about the user story of a typical deployment in a hybrid cloud. So initially we have this scenario of this mean manager, Peter, who is going to deploy this application for demo and orders and he did it right away. He calls Stanley IT. Stanley is not available, but Mr. D that you see on this picture and you might recognize him is available and he's one of the sharpest knife in the drawer. So what Mr. D does is he goes into the service catalog, just picks an application, and then upload a few software packages on the software definition library and then publishes the design and deploys this application in a private cloud initially. So you see here the application that we use when you prototype this. We had an Apache load balancer as the front end. Application tier with Tomcat servers and then a simple MySQL database in the back end. Now a few weeks go by and then Stan or Mr. D noticed that the application monitoring thresholds have been crossed and it's about time to add an additional tier to this Tomcat server. So the IT engineer just goes into the console and adds a new tier. A few clicks and here you go. You have a tier that's published available now in the HP Cloud Services, the OpenStack AP Cloud Services with in the front end still the same Apache load balancer. So we've all heard this story before and now we have a few questions that we'd like to be answered. And one of them, the first one is, how do you make this reusable? Very nice to do that for one application and we'll go over the steps of what it takes to do that for one application. But how about you have to do that again for another application? And how about you have to do that and deploy to another public cloud environment that's not the initial one that you've deployed? Takes a lot of work. Other questions about performance, how does it work now that you have an application remotely distributed? About scalability, how do you scale this application? Security issues and concerns, capacity management. So let's go over the steps that it would take and it is a very simplified diagram to deploy this application initially in a private cloud environment with all the different steps to initially deploy the database tier and then the application tier configure the security on each tier, deploy the monitoring, add to the load balancer and then you have the bursting component which is the steps to deploy the public cloud and then to configure the, if I know in the private cloud, the database security and add worker to the load balancer. So as you see, there are many steps here and the concern is you could do everything by simple scripts. However, it's going to be a lot of work if you want to make it reusable. So let's look at the solution architecture that we use in this deployment. So initially you design a service. You design a service that is an extraction layer that you want to reapply many, many times and then you publish this service to a service portal and a service portal, from the service portal a user can request the service and then using the orchestration engine in the backend, the service will be deployed. So initially you see a deployment in the private cloud and then you'll add monitoring on top. When the bursting comes along, similar scenario where you'll have the monitoring triggering the bursting in an automatic bursting scenario and then the orchestration engine adding a new tier in the open stack public cloud environment. So in our prototype, what we used are the HP sort of tool that some of you might be familiar with, a cloud service automation for service design, service portal and orchestration engine, server automation for your software deployment and configuration tool, otherwise known as software definition library. And then we had as an open stack public cloud, the HP cloud service. And here for monitoring, we had used, we used the site scope tool that's an agent less monitoring tool and then initially on a private cloud, we used the VMware. So just for those of you who are more familiar with open source tools, I've done just a mapping of a few of those tools with puppet labs for instance, dadios for monitoring and eucalyptus for orchestration. Now, the next step is how do you design the service? So here what we want to have is an abstraction layer that allows you to configure multiple layer on a single pane of glass. So we configured the private cloud environment with you see a database tier component here and a load balance application tier that could be a number of them here. And then once we burst in the public cloud, we add an additional tier here that's load balance with the same environment and you'll see that you could also burst in an EC2 public cloud. We also did that in our prototype and from the same, exactly the same service design model. So what does it mean when you look under the hood at the execution of this service model? Now each component of this service model, for instance the application tier will have a binding to a list of resource offerings and those resource offerings as you see on the screen could be deploy a VM on the open stack layer, deploy an agent to the virtual machine, execute a software policy, configure it and each one of these resource offering is in itself has a life cycle. Life cycle tells you when the action will be executed at different stage of the service. So not only you have the deployment stage but you have the stage where the application is deployed already and you want to start or stop or restart your application or patch it and then you have the undeploy stage where you just want to delete your VMs and that's how you would move your VMs from one environment, for instance if you wanted to move all your VMs from one private cloud environment to a public cloud environment, that's what you would use. So each actions that's bound to this life cycle is essentially an API wrapper that executes the API in the backend. In the end you execute for instance a Nova API compute and then you create a VM and then you move on to the next step. So what does it mean to interact with the HP cloud service instance? So especially in related to comparison to a vanilla open stack instance that you'll get from Dev Stack, there are a number of features that you would look for and the first one is an SLA bound. So each component has a lot of redundancy built in to that infrastructure and so that gives you an SLA that's guaranteed that could match an SLA that you have in your private cloud environment. And then the second part is choices. So you want to have choices to deploy in different zones and different regions and different geographies and that's what this public cloud solution offers you. And finally you wanna have some level of security that's also built in with automatic intrusion detection and scanning that you don't have to worry about. So you have pretty good confidence that the images that you will save on the public cloud will have some security added to it. Now what are some of the lessons learned from this integration? One of them was that we had to deal with the management of the SSH private key. So if some of you are familiar with deploying VMs on public cloud environment, one of the first thing you do is you associate a key pair and when you create that key pair you have to save the private key and put it somewhere safe because you're not gonna be able to retrieve it from your public cloud. So here if you have to deal with multiple of those because maybe you have one pertinent for instance then you have to find a way to manage it so that they are available for the next application that needs to use it. For instance, my software definition library, so automation that needs to deploy my software stack on top of that VM. So that was one of the items that we had to deal with. The second one was due to the fact that you have many different zones available that gives you the opportunity to deploy your application tier if you have many of them in different zones and if you know in advance which zones are redundant between each other then you can add redundancy to your application tier that's deployed in the public cloud. And finally, we have to deal with the error checking. We notice one thing is that when you try to map properties between your private cloud tool that's going to execute the orchestration and the public cloud properties such as images, key pair, you don't have control necessarily on the public cloud properties. And so you have to build some type of error checking and error reporting so that you get some clean state when there's a mismatch between private cloud and public cloud. And we also looked into using dynamic properties so that you dynamically pull from the public cloud provider at subscription, at deployment time. And finally, to supplement the console of the public cloud provider, we made extensive use of the debugging tool like the Nova client.  And once you do the demo that's when you hit some major performance roadblocks because you're going to deploy a software component in a remote cloud and it takes forever. So the solution here is to use a distributed in architecture with your software definition library. And it turns out that HP software automation supports that type of distribution with core master server that you can keep in your private cloud. And then a satellite component that you can have in your public cloud environment and keep as an image that you would deploy right before deploying the application. And the benefits of this architecture is not only you increase the performance but you can also have a take advantage of the caching. So there's caching at the satellite server level but also you can deploy all those target VMs on the public cloud environment on one public cloud environment would be tied to a satellite. And if you have other public cloud environments in turn you can deploy another satellite that could manage the VM locally. So kind of a double, double benefits plus the fact that we have a security that's greatly simplified between a core and a satellite server. So number of ports is reduced. Now what about the flexing and the questions, two questions that you want to ask are when do I flex? When do I add new here in my application? And how many do I have? But before you get started on that you have to think about quotas. And quotas are extremely important here because you're dealing with a public cloud that in theory has infinite capacity. It's not true of course if you're the business manager who has a limited budget to deal with and so you want to implement quotas some kind of quotas that could be by tenant and a tenant could be mapped through your LDAP organization. And we did that in our implementation where each user subscribing to a service an application as a service, similar to this one will be limited to a certain number of instances that they can deploy. And after that you'd have to go maybe to a special approval process before you can deploy additional tier. Now that you have your quotas you can define the thresholds. And there are three ways actually to trigger your application bursting. The first one that's not very sexy that you don't necessarily think about is the manual trigger. But essentially this is usually the most controlled one and it applies in many organizations that's how we got started with this. And it lends itself better with change management process for instance. You have kind of a more controlled environment. Now if you have an SLA that dictates you to burst and flex within certain time limits then you'd wanna either have a scheduled bursting where you kind of forecast when I'm gonna have a peak demand. So it could be right before Christmas you have a sales application and you're gonna get lots of requests so you kind of schedule this flexing ahead of time. And finally based on threshold and this threshold would be driven by some type of load that you would have on your system. And how much do you add once you know your threshold? And this is very good question because you could have many VMs that you'd wanna add in your public cloud environments. And this is going to be driven by the business logic. Where does the business logic reside? The business logic could be a simple rule that you have in a database but eventually the monitoring tool, the monitoring framework is going to execute that business logic and tell my orchestration engine this is you've crossed the threshold and this is what I want you to do. So this is an important consideration because there is very tight linkage and when you think about frameworks like a silo mirror and heat and how this is gonna play together there's opportunity here to have those rule engine to develop the business logic. It has to reside somewhere. And finally something that's very often overlooked are all the change management considerations. And if you have an orchestration engine you'd wanna include the approval process, approval tools like Remedy or Service Manager you wanna include some type of notification. And finally, CMDB. So maintain the state of your application in the CMDB and at flexing time you'll be able to update how many tiers you have at which level. So that's another integration that we supplied with HP Cloud Service Automation that would be important to add in your overall ecosystem of to make this solution work in a production environment. In test environment you can just get you don't need to worry about all this stuff but when you move to production that's when they have greater importance. And finally let's discuss about security. So security as you know is always a balancing act which means I have privacy concern with my data and that's why they love enterprise they don't move directly all their assets in the public cloud. They'll have some assets in the private cloud environment and that's why we have hybrid cloud in the first place. So we'll have database components that will reside in the private cloud environment and then you'll have your application tier that will reside potentially in the public cloud environment. Now you could have many of these many of these tier but what matters is the automation that you build around the layered security. So you're going to have automation build every time you add an application tier you have to register that tier with the database. So you have an application level security that you're going to configure and same thing you can have access list so that only this database can discuss and can have communication to that application tier. This is done dynamically. Same thing for IP tables all those VMs here will come with pretty on Linux will come with pretty fine IP table that you have to tweak to exactly match the protocol flows that you're going to have to deal with with first your management applications. So here you see monitoring software library and execution engine all need to communicate to my application tier and also to the application flow. So this is the second level of security. You can add a security group that's predetermined if you know it in advance so you associate it to your VM but eventually you have to deal with all those flows. So one important feature that came up recently with OpenStack is the virtual private cloud and this is a critical way to create the isolation of this application tier so that you can open holes in your corporate firewall when you're going back from the application to the database.  So that brings me to the next slide which are what are the opportunities coming with new OpenStack projects when you think about integrating into an OpenStack public cloud. And the first one I just mentioned is to control and isolate your application tier and all your application tiers actually multiple VMs within the same virtual private cloud. So that's going to be key enabler and that's now possible since Folsom with OpenStack networking projects since I'm not supposed to use Quantum anymore. The second aspect is about load balancing as a service so there are some new developments with Grizzly coming up with Atlas project so that allows you to create a load balancer as a service component and that would be great to have this if you have an OpenStack private cloud and an OpenStack public cloud to deal with and then you could have, you could use the same API and potentially take advantage of some load balancing algorithm that would determine for instance where should I add my next application tier should it be in based on response time of different cloud environments should it be in my private cloud, my public cloud and which instance of my public cloud should it be. And finally, some opportunities with the Cilometer project and there was a presentation this morning about Health and Mon which is complimenting that project and that will allow you to collect more data from the VMs that are created in the public cloud and have metrics that you can gather and enforce some type of business logic to make decisions on thresholding. So for more information, I encourage you to attend, of course other HP presentation during this week. Start by HP booth and also you can learn more about HP Cloud Service Automation. We have a Wikipedia webpage and this is below our main webpage. And finally, if you are falling asleep, be careful because the bell might ring without notice. I don't know if you've seen that at the very entrance. So now thank you. And if you have any questions, now's the time. Yes, question in the back. What do they build on top of this? Yeah, so what I described here, it would greatly simplify my work if there was an open stack target cloud as well as an open stack public cloud because then my service model will be just one single component and the set of API I would use. I just have to deal with one set of API. So yes, that would help a lot in terms of direct impact of projects at this point. I would say, for instance, the load balancing as a service would be one of them. If you could have a way to support some methods to load balance that would have measure some response times, that would be useful, yes? Yes, question. Yes, so the SLA is going to be different from one business to another. And you have to essentially develop that business logic and make it reusable somewhere. So you have to have some type of rule that would tell you this is when and how much I will flex. And then let your engine feed that to your orchestration engine. Yes, so you can set up some platform or some infrastructure to measure the performance. And this would be kind of the topic of a different discussion that would lay on top of this. Yes, question? Yes. The configuration of security rules does not impact my performance. What impacts the performance is when I start uploading software packages, because these can be large. And even though in our simple prototype we just had the Tomcat bits, it still took a long time. So you can imagine with a more complex application, it would be even greater. But that's kind of also the profile of an application that's hybrid plot friendly, quote to quote, is that you want to take into account the fact that you're going to have to move those software packages around quite often and very dynamically. So the smaller it is, the better you are. Yes, question in the back? So Tosca is coming up with our next generation, next releases. We're going to have Tosca compatible topology model that we're going to support. And again, I encourage you to discuss with some of the people at the HP booth if you want to know more about product roadmap. Any other questions? Yes, question in the back? Yes. The question is how do you protect the spirit of the public key or as a switch? And in case you have to change the public key to the end side, how do you do it? So we do not look into specifically changing the public key update. There's an administrator task in the back end who has the control on the public cloud access. And then there's a different persona who is the subscriber of the service. And those people, the administrator takes care of everything that has to be done in the back end, including the management of keys, where they should be stored. And then the subscriber just orders the service and everything behind will be automated. But I'm assuming that there's a persona who's an IT administrator who will take care of those types of issues. It's not something that we consider completely automating at least when we looked at our solution. But if you don't have any other questions, then thanks again for your attention.


Right, so this is another incredible chord, which I use quite often. It's called as the 7 sus 4 So first let's look at how we form it So you go a With its dominant 7th, which is G Then you do the sus 4, which is nothing but the perfect 4th Then you add the E which is your fifth, so You could do this with the fifth Nice sound or even without the fifth A more cleaner sound I guess, right? So one way to use this chord is just as a dominant chord because any dominant resolution If it has that flat 7 it tends to want to go to the tonic, right? Very common in ballads and country music So the 7 sus 4 could also resolve to the normal 7th and then Resolve back to the root major. The way I use it though is not necessarily for resolution You could also use it to resolve but I like to look at this chord as a mini scale, right? So let me try and explain that. What is a mini scale? These are four notes of some scale which could be vibrating in your head, okay? So if you take these four notes, which is Okay Now these are four notes of a possible seven-note scale There are four there are seven minus four three notes are missing So you could try and actually fill up the pieces of the other notes and use this to kind of improvise on a seven-note scale or even a six-note scale or a five-note scale, you know, so Let's try and build one So what did I do I filled in the I did the root I sorry I did the major 2 It's part of the chord It's part of the chord It's part of the chord so You do It's a very mixolidian voicing Okay Part of this code is it hasn't committed itself to the major third or the minor third so in theory You could in theory even play like a scale with a minor third even though it's not very common F doesn't sound so good so pretty much you're sticking with the F sharp so with this chord the mixolydian scale may be preferred but you could even maybe even converted to Dorian by making the right rather rare so generally you're looking at a mixolydian scale over this so basically what I'm trying to say is this chord is sort of a mini scale it could give you like all sorts of options melodically you know even the notes of the chord itself are melodic options you could add one extra note very nice for a you know for an instrumentalist to kind of do a nice a la up in the beginning or a nice improvisation or a nice ambient solo okay very mysterious chord let's move on


What's going on everyone? Sam here at Layton Sportscar, German 2022, 2023, Panini 3 and 2, baseball hobby 10 box, full case break number 13, RAM team style. So look again at your random results. As always, you can find those on the website, under the results tab, as well as the link in chat. So good luck here guys, let's do it. We bought three new hats yesterday too. Frustrating situations. What a baby. Wanda Franco baby confirmed. Yeah, honestly. Wanda Franco confirmed baby. And anybody who's didn't have any MLB like affiliation will be rimmed all at the end. To 150, Zack Neto. Harmon Killebrew, that is going to be 150 for the twins. Zack Neto is the Angels by the way. And Nolan Ryan, blue. 22 of 32. Nice one there, the Express for the Rangers. First hit is a full counts watcher, 7 of 49 to Mar Johnson for the Pirates. Nice one there, Pittsburgh. And we've got, that is two of 15, two colored prospect patch auto. Jayce Young, going to the Tigers. Nice one there, Detroit. Jayce Young. Down to Fortigo on our first break of choice, thank you guys. On that one, we've got select H2, slowly disappearing as well. Let's get those filled up. Oh, Paul Dantro will as I have turned my hat to the side too. Orlando Cepeda, that is to 150. Honestly, though. That's David Ortiz, sluggers to 150 for the Red Sox. And Drew Jones rookie, one of 99. First one stand. Got a two-color patch of Gavin Cross, 7 of 10. Prospect patches going to the Royals. Gavin Cross. And nice one here, four of five going to the Braves. Dale Murphy on the timeless moments auto. Grats Atlanta, nice one there. Good ol' Dale Murphy. Here's your guys' link to choice again, Fortigo. Next break, or next box. That's kind of dope. That's actually really sick. I didn't realize he was in this. That's kind of cool. I'm kind of in on this auto. Gavin Cross, 2 of 20 prospect for the Royals. Pete Crow Armstrong, 20 of 32 for the Cubs, PCA. And Jackson Holiday, all prospecting, 20 of 150. That's for the Royals. Kate Horton, 16 of 49 is going to the Cubs on the Jersey Card. Little pinstripe in there as well, technically two-color. How about 19 of 25 going to the Nationals? Ryan Zimmerman, Lone Star Bat Auto. That is player worn slash used material. It's not on card. I think that's the issue with it, Shane. But yeah, I know you're right on that one. It's a good time to get that one too. Kind of nasty. Robert Hassell on the yellow, 21 of 25 for the Nationals. We've got a Juan Marichal, that is contemporaries, 40 of 150 for the Giants. There's a little bit of a scratch on it. Send an empty box and wrapper with the Giants. And Daniel Espino to 150 for the Guardians. How about a good time to get this? Two of two is going to be Henry Davis, full count swatches. A lot of patches in there. Two-color, two-color, two-color, one-color, three-color. Nice one there for the Pirates. Really, really good time to get that one. Congrats, Pittsburgh. Now up in the bigs, Charlie C. Nice one there, buddy. And Cooper Jirpey, six of 25. Three-color, Lone Star, Prospect, Patch Auto for the Cardinals. There's Orlando Cepeda to 50 for the Giants. Full counts. We've got a Warren Spawn to 150. That's going to go to the Braves. That's a Milwaukee Braves card. It says Milwaukee will not go Brewers, it will go Braves. I would just tag that one. And then Randy Johnson, big unit, 21 of 25, going to the Diamondbacks. Classic Randy Johnson picture there. Very nice, very nice. We've got a Hunter Brown, that is two-color patches. Prospect Jerseys, 10 of 15. Nice one there for the Astros. And three-color, Prospect, Patch Auto, four of 10, Jackson Merrill for the Padres. Very nice, congrats. Slam Diego. That is 75 of 150, Joe Tinker going to the Cubs. Nice one there. Legend. On the horizon, Henry Davis, 21 of 25 for the Pirates again. Henry Davis coming out of this, not too bad. Very nice. And a Francisco Alvarez, 93 of 99 for the Mets. Congrats. New York. There's a Prospect Quad jersey, Andy Pajas. Two-color, one-color, one-color, two-color going to the Dodgers. That's one there, big Prospect in their system. And the nice one here is going to be a Hall of Fame signature swatches. Eckersley, 11 of 25, going to Oakland. That is going to be a Game Warn. Game Warn jersey auto for the Eck. Nice one there. Dennis Eckersley. Of course Drew Timmy, freaking Simon with his box. So that clown is going to cheap his way into a championship, probably. I can't stand him, dude. He's so annoying. Dude, that's the one that has a full beard. He's like, he's 40 and he's like, 21. There's Devis and De Los Santos, the 150 for the Diamondbacks. Got a Nolan Ryan, 21 of 50 timeless moments for the Rangers. And Pudger Rodriguez, 27 of 32 for the Rangers again on the blue. Bobby Miller for the Dodgers, 4 of 49. Nice one there on the Prospect jerseys. And 9 of 15, Kumar Rocker. That is three-colored Prospect patch auto for the Rangers. Congrats Rangers. Nice one there, Texas. One second, everybody. Voxia. Ooh, we got a redemption. Got the redemption. That is Ken Griffey Jr., 225 contemporaries for the Mariners. There's Willie McCovey, 9 of 99 for the Giants. And two of three, Goose Goslin. Let me bring up the checklist. I'm assuming that's St. Louis Browns. So that'll go Orioles, I believe. Let me break the checklist. Yup, that'll go Orioles. St. Louis Browns, that will go to the Orioles. Nice one there for Baltimore. We've got Full Count Swatches, 37 of 49. Tim McCarver for the Cardinals. That is game-worn on that one too. Very nice. Grats on that, St. Louis, 37 of 49. And our redemption. Tyler Gentry, rookie Jersey autographs. Hollow Gold, Tyler Gentry is a Kansas City Royal. Kansas City Royal. That is rookie Jersey autographs. Back up that way. Hollow Gold, 25 or less. Nice one there, Casey. Right, Jim Bunning. Nice one there for the Phillies on the Call of Fame hit, 299. Got Carlton Fisk, 53 of 99 for the Red Sox. And Colton Couser, 48 of 50, or 40 of 50 going to the Orioles. Another big prospect they've got. Chase the Lauder, three-color patch, 8 of 25 for the Guardians. And that nice one here. Again, don't know how they got away with this. 41 of 75, Bobby Whit Jr. Jersey Auto for the Royals. Player-worn on that one as well. Congrats on that, Casey. Royals doing well. Royals doing very well on this. All right, again, guys, four to go in our first Optic Choice five-boxer. That is breaking relatively soon. There's a Joe DiMaggio, 9 of 10 for the Yanks. Nice one there on the black. That's sick. Congrats, Yankees. Henry Davis on the horizon, 150 for the Pirates. And Nafla Joy, 39 of 50 for the Guardians on the Contemporaries. Full Count Swatches going to go to the White Sox. 43 of 49, Luke Appling. This one there, White Sox. Try number three. And we've got our 21 Elite Extradition Update. Harry Ford, that is going to be 69 of 200. You can see a little bit of a scuff. That's on the mag right there, so that's luckily not on the card. But very nice. Harry Ford. Do a quick recap here for you all.  That is going to be Luke Appling. Tim McCarver. Bobby Miller. Tamar Johnson. Kate Horton. Andy Paz. Chase the Lauder. Hunter Brown. Gavin Cross. And a really nice two of two, Henry Davis. We've got Harry Ford Update to 200. Tyler Gentry. Bobby Whit Jr. Cooper Jirpey. Dennis Ackersley. Ryan Zimmerman. Kumar Rocker. Chase Young. Jackson Merrill. And Timeless Moments. Dale Murphy to five for the Brids. I'll do it for the break, guys. Thanks again for the film. Up next is Don Russ Baseball.


So I'm David Brown and I'm going to talk about Andrew Jackson and the American populist tradition I'd like to thank the National Archives for sponsoring this. They've got a terrific series and What a great opportunity to talk about American history and I'd also like to thank you for tuning in YouTubing and viewing so what I want to do is begin by talking a little bit about Andrew Jackson and Approaches to him how people have generations have come to recognize Interpret and reinterpret Jackson over a period of time So I'll begin I suppose at the beginning which is when Jackson became a public commodity in the American consciousness And this would be in 1815 with the Battle of New Orleans. Of course, this came a little bit after the peace treaty Turned the war of 1812 had been signed But of course Americans didn't know that the time so they took Jackson's victory as some terrific signal victory It demonstrated the capacity of the United States to survive in a world that was not filled with republics But rather with empires and kings and queens So Jackson's popularity it begins there. I should say however that not everybody was so Thrilled about this So John Quincy Adams who was was was very excited about Jackson's victory in 1815. He came back Years later to look upon that and see that it was a victory that had multiple meanings And as he would say it and not all of them particularly positive So here's a quote from John Quincy Adams Seniors after the Battle of New Orleans. He calls Jackson's success a victory more complete over the people of the United States than the soldiers of Great Britain. And so there Quincy Adams is focusing a little bit upon Jackson as a populist Jackson who who would would rise the presidency would defeat John Quincy Adams for that position in the 1828 election and how did this come about and for Quincy Adams it wasn't because Jackson was a brilliant administrator or particularly capable statesman It's simply because of the shock of his mass popularity So this interpretation Jackson is here. That's always going to be there It's always going to be you know the like motif of of his of his popularity and of his of his legacy Of particularly the 19th century, but there are other aspects as well So I'll fast forward a little bit to the you know the the idea of Jackson's being a nationalist And this was really a feature of actions his actions in the 1830s During his first term as President States with the nullification crisis This was a situation in which the state of South Carolina was not eager to continue paying a federal tariff They argued that the federal tariff it was Unconstitutional and that it aided northern manufacturing not southern A cotton southern production and so they said that they would refuse at a period of time to to pay this tariff Jackson moved against South Carolina Jackson had a carrot a stick and approach The carrot was the promise of a reduced tariff over time and the stick is what became known as the force bill In which Jackson said that he would if necessary Bring the army in and force South Carolina to comply with federal law to comply with the Constitution Jackson wrote this at the time about the force bill I'm confidently advised that the nullifiers of the South seeking to nullify federal law have corrupted both the naval officers And those of the army and Charleston, but they knowlies are determined to push matters to extremities And so with this force bill Jackson has isolated South Carolina and he has convinced South Carolina that it must a seat it must comply with federal law But they're agree with that law or not Jackson said that secession was was not an option Jackson said that he did not recognize Secession that would destroy the country So a new Jackson who is not a particular favorite of people like John Quincy Adams as I mentioned earlier or really New England Went on a goodwill tour of New England after the nullification crisis was put to a Peaceful end He did so because he said that he wanted to see all the states It would not be the first presidential tour Monroe had taken one and washington had taken one but Jackson's felt comfortable now with the reputation of a nationalist of going up to up to new england and and Going with reputation not just of being a hero But someone who had protected if you want to put it that way with an industry by recognizing the legality of the tariff I should add that Abraham Lincoln was quite willing to use this Exercise to um to further his his own notions of what the american republic should be like And so in his first inaugural which should place in march of 1861 at that point in time I believe southern southern southern states had already seceded from the union and and Lincoln in effect referred to Jackson He says, you know, we cannot recognize the session I do not recognize this that secession is not constitutional and it is not legal and he falls back upon Something that's not new but in effect a presidential position that had already been advanced by Andrew Jackson So in effect Jackson is both the hero and the nationalist Now if we fast forward To the 1930s Jackson becomes also of all things he becomes a new dealer If this has to do with the bank war so in the 1830s Jackson had moved against the second national bank of the united states Which he insisted was unconstitutional and played favorites Um helped to to advance the fortunes of southern american citizens But but but most those who were taxed to pay for the second national bank Could probably not be able to ever get a loan from that bank. The bank was not a mom and pop bank It was for large-scale infrastructure those looking to build down roads industry the catamized Transportation networks and so on And so Jackson says that that this is something that's not provided for explicitly in the constitution And when this bank united states comes up for a recharter, uh, he vetoes it So in the 1930s a century later Arthur Sessions Jr. A young historian who is living through the new deal He meditates about this experience And he thinks about Jackson in the 1830s And he writes a Pulitzer prize winning book came out 1945 the age of Jackson And he said in effect that the circumstances a century apart were very close to one another that we had an iconic present in the 1830s Jackson an iconic present in the 1930s f dr both were concerned about economic unfairness and justice in the country And he argued that that Jackson had had struck against the national bank in the name of the producers of the country the working people And he said in effect F dr had had done the same thing There's also the irony that Jackson was not a quote-unquote humble man. Uh, he was part of the Tennessee squoyarchy The quasi aristocracy And of course f dr came from a google patrician dutch family So it was said of f dr that he had he was an enemy of his class by passing these bills Getting these bills passed in the new deal which in effects, you know raised taxes on wealthy people So Arthur Sessions Jr. In writing about the the age of Jackson Was in some ways writing really about the age of the new deal And employing Jackson as a symbol of that age so whether it was Lincoln with Jackson the nationalist or f dr and slush and sure seeing Jackson as a kind of photo new dealer Jackson has been Used by various constituencies for various reasons um Typically grounded in some historical accuracy But but not always as clean as we are precise as we might expect So By the late 20th century by 1960s Jackson's reputation is evolving. It's changing again And in the day of the long civil rights movements Jackson's reputation takes a distinct downturn. He's not alone. Uh, thomas jefferson has experienced this as well What we focus on In this iteration is Jackson the slave owner Jackson owned three plantations in three states um held at the time of his death 150 enslaved men women and children And we also focus on Indian removal Indian removal is a process that um, uh, uh, really um preceded Jackson and it extended beyond Jackson's presidency as well But Jackson becomes in the late 20th century I think really the strongest symbol of it because he is so closely um Correlated to the Indian removal program of the 1830s Um, and I think that that's that's largely accurate. Um Jackson is chief architect of what becomes the trail of tears trauma I believe other presidents would have enacted Perhaps similar legislation or proposed it if they could have And if they believed that the country possessed the power to carry it through That power was not in effects until the 1830s um This is controversial not just today But in its own time and we should keep that in mind When the house of representatives passed through the the the bill supporting removal um It was I believe one or two in favor 97 opposed So just a handful of votes, um made the difference This legislation did not give the federal government the power to remove the native americans It gave the the the government the power to propose treaties and to Buy up properties And then um place um those native american People's willing to uproot Into the west in other words to trade territory in the east for territory in the west This is pretty much how jackson sold the program that it would be voluntary However, um, it really was was obviously much different than that So here's jackson on how he is selling Indian removal He says before congress this immigration should be voluntary For it would be as cruel as unjust to compel Uh, the aborigines to abandon the graves of their fathers and seek a home in a distant land Which obviously is what comes to pass Um to promote its uh to help get the bill pushed through the language's Voluntarism um and not force, but of course, uh, we know that that turned out much much differently So in advocating Indian removal And um and focusing also on jackson's role As a part of the plantocracy that is the planter class elite Jackson's reputation has gone from 1930s as jackson the new dealer to to jackson the advocate of southern interests The two slavery and Indian removal they do linked together. They do cohere In that what what we see with Indian removal is the um the banishment of roughly 60,000 um self governing native peoples And uh, they're being removed From a territory which was largely a free labor free soil and and and taken Across the um, Mississippi river they will be replaced Uh in large parts by a um a planter elite This will become a considerably proficient area Of cotton cultivation so much so that it goes by the name of the cotton belt or the black belt um a region that um really helps to Define the economic livelihood and the contours Um, not just of millions of people but also of entire region This would be the deep south and it's not When secession comes in 1860 in 1861 It's not really the south at the seeds um because there there are border states that remain in the union And there are four southern states which wait until after Violence has occurred that is after fort sumpter has been fired upon Before those states will join the confederacy the states that get in first are those deep southern states And those are some of the primaries where Indian removal took place So hero nationalist new dealer and southern these have all been jackson's identities What I do in the book that I wrote the biography is look at jackson as a populist So, uh jackson's somebody with many identities and I think that there's certainly room in there to fit populist In populism, I think it's something that that jackson obviously he doesn't invent He embodies it for a period of time in american history Um, but but there's a long history of it. So First of all, I guess I should define what I mean by populism or populist tradition and It's to my mind a reaction to elites These elites could be political elites cultural elites or economic elites It's the notion that the people have some type of of rights of inherent notion of What should happen that that they Identified being presumably the majority they should have the great say in what's a republic what a democracy does So the difference between I think jackson and those people who came before Is that that jackson is pushed by culture that is moving increasingly the direction away from deference and towards democracy So to give you a quick sense of that transition, I'll read you a quote. This comes from philip hone Um, hone was no jackson in he did not like andre jackson He was first a federalist and then a wig in his politics And he was um for a period of time the mayor of new york city And so he's reflecting upon jackson's popularity jackson took a goodwill tour and New york went crazy for a new jackson and hone is watching this and he's thinking about it And he writes this the president referring to jackson is certainly the most popular man we have ever known Washington was not so much His acts were popular because old descriptions of men were ready to acknowledge him as the father of his country But he was superior to the homage of the populace too dignified too grave for the liking And then could not approach him with familiarity Here referring to jackson as a man that suits them exactly In other words jackson had that gift He was the national hero. Uh, he looked resplendent in a uniform on a white horse there was a quality about him though that Was approachable to people Um, he was not the distant washington. He was not the abstract jefferson. He was someone who perhaps Spoke like the common people He was someone who perhaps had the same sympathies as the common people And so he is embraced as as one of their own um someone who has been elevated by dense of a um prolific public career And is a national hero, but yet is is reachable understands the needs of the people That gets in some sense. I think to the secret jackson's Jackson's popularity There are other reasons as well, of course So let me put jackson in some type of an historical line here And let me begin by saying just a few words about she's rebellion So this occurred in the 1780s actually just a few months before the constitutional convention in philadelphia I would I would I would call this A populist uprising It was regional. It was Farmers in western massachusetts being opposed to critical of the um, uh The mercantile class the banking class the political class In eastern massachusetts The state had a significant post-revolutionary war debt and it was looking to Pay down that debt the taxes felt disproportionately high on people in the west These farmers were losing their homes. They were losing their lands. They were losing their barns And they protested they were about um, daniel shea's uh was a civil excuse me was an american revolutionary officer And he will become in some sense the leader of this rebel army Which reached upwards of about 2000 soldiers and was defeated Scattered at the battle of springfield moving towards an arsenal at springfield and and and put down by an army composed largely of um Of um privateers paid for by wealthy Wealthy people in massachusetts and in other new england states um because one could not at that time call in the federal army and the in massachusetts, um militia was a little bit uncertain because Much of the militia was in the west and was supporting rebellion And so what we have here is an east west debtor versus creditor Farmers versus bankers and merchants Struggle and we'll see this thought american history and what makes it, uh, I think a A candidate for for populism is the idea that the people are struggling That the people have been kind of cornered economically and politically by elites and and they're simply Seeking they're seeking justice Well, I would put jackson and the jackson era after that This is what used to be called. I think uh, not so much These days as the age of the common man The age of the common man I think that in some sense It works from from the standpoint that what it succeeds is a dynastic form of politics Let's say jackson's the seventh president and Five of the previous presidents were from virginia ergo the The title the virginia dynasty. Okay the notion that Only a certain kind of of educated Elite personality could be could be a president of the united states The two presidents were for jackson who weren't from virginia were from massachusetts Of course adams one and adams two And they represented in some sense those certainly, you know, uh, you know private citizens, but they were they were elite personages They they were they were educated that they were professionals. They were um, uh, they were national heroes And andrew jackson Sort of embodied something a little bit different The the quotation from hone. I think taps into that a bit And also, you know, we should mention that that that jackson will be the first president Not to come from virginia not to come from massachusetts But uh, he will he will represent the west And so it's the replacement of dynastic politics with virginians to Presumably a more open and democratic system of electing our national leaders So if we follow this populist line along Um, I next go to the 1890s and look at the look at the populist party. Okay. This was a strong party in the south and in the west uh, particularly the plain states and Not unlike shea's rebind. This was very much An east west affair. It was not unlike shea's rebind. It was also about money of financial resources This was at the silver war and money was scarce and farmers in the south and in the plain states Wanted there to be an expansion of the money supply There were gold strikes Excuse me silver strikes in the west and they made the arguments that by inflating the economy Moving away from the gold standard To buy metal gold and silver economy. It would help debtors get out of their debt There was opposition to this On wall street in the midwest and on the east coast populism found its champion in william jennings brian Jennings brian was a democrat that he was embraced by populists and he ran for the presidency three times number one Single race, but um in 1896 He took more took a higher percentage of the popular votes than grover cleveland had four years earlier when grover cleveland Won the presidency brian said um At a convention that in part here referring to this urban agrarian split in america You come referring to the urban centers You come to us and you tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard We reply that the great cities rust upon our broad and fertile prairies Burn down your cities and leave our farms and your cities will spring up as if by magic But destroy our farms and grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country So in the gold versus silver crusade of the late 19th century, this was populism Revising an old animosity A regional animosity between debtors and creditors Financial elites and those who view themselves as producers who are on the short end of the economic stick So um a couple of more examples here in the 1980s we have um Reaganism, uh, and uh, this was about among other things the idea that the american economy was being uh strangled with excessive regulation that come out of the new deal system And uh, Reagan famously said uh in 1981 at his first inaugural Government is not the solution to our problem government is the problem from time to time We've been tempted to believe that society's become too complex to be managed by self-rule That government by an elite group is superior to government for by and of the people There's a bit of a populistic tone or ring to that sentiment. It's the idea that's intellectuals FDR's brain trust for example um John F. Kennedy's the best and the brightest They think that they know too much, but but the common people they can they can govern themselves. They know what's best I would say most recently We've seen examples on both the political left and the political right of populism. For example Bernie Sanders from time to time. He sounds to me very much like William Jennings Bryan In his opposition his criticism to um to the financial Nexus that we have in the country The top end of that nexus I should say so um in 2019 Sanders said, uh, there'll be no real change in this country Unless we have the courage to take on wall street, which is essentially what brine was saying in the 1890s on the political right Donald trump, uh, also in 2019 Uh, making an appeal to uh white working class constituencies said in grand rapids, michigan They say they're the elites But we got more money. We got more brains. We got more better houses and apartments You're the elites We're the elites in other words, you know, sort of, you know framing america Uh in a kind of a of an us versus them scenario It could be debtors and creditors um, it could be Uh, the best the brightest versus the common man um, but it's the idea of of popular Control and will popular control went out or will elites dominate the country? That's the line that I see andrew jackson Blowing in he belongs in other lines as well. Um, he's one of a few chief executives to have have been a general and um, uh, and the president he of course is is one of Several two-term democrats to be presidents. Um, but other ways, uh, you know, he um, uh, he's a bit of a singular character um More ecumenically though, he does stand, I think in this line of populist leaders So at this point, I should probably say a few words about what makes jackson a populist So, uh, I'll begin with um, 1819 uh Jackson is um, uh affected like many americans were by a financial downturn that year. It was called the panic of 1819 Panic, um, today we would consider that a plight euphemism for perhaps deep recession or even depression What's occurring in 1819 is really going on in other parts of the world, not just the united states There is a general global readjustment to markets After the new planet conflicts, okay, and so this will take some time to work its way through There were however problems in america that were specific to america Um, western lands were opening up and there was probably excessive um, um Speculations in western lands. In other words, people were looking to buy up the lands not just to go there and live But to buy up thousands and thousands of acres and and speculate Hope to sell it for more than what you've purchased it for um, so this creates a bubble a land bubble um Pushing this bubble on is uh, is also the fact that you um, uh, you had the issuance of paper money and pretty large quantities Um unrestrained for the most part you have mom and pot banks That make their their their their profits by doing this and you had very little oversight From the second national bank of the united states The second national bank had gone into existence in 1816 And this really three years later was its first big Chore its first big crisis and it really didn't do a very good job at a time and it probably should have been um Working to limit the amount of paper money going into the economy It didn't do that. Um, it allowed the bubble to keep growing When this bubble bursts Uh, there was no soft landing. There was a very hard landing Imparts because the bank begins to um curtail loans and this is going to contract the money supply One critic of this, um, uh, of the bank's actions at this time said, um, uh, well the bank was saved But the people were essentially destroyed Uh, obviously, uh, sardonic comment, um tongue in sheep but wicked and it got to the truth of things And so, um The the panic of 1819 it creates a situation Uh, where Andrew Jackson will in the future look at the second national bank with a very critical eye It wasn't the only reason why he decided to move against the bank But probably played some role in his animosity towards the institution And also more broadly speaking We've been talking about regalism here not unlike Shays rebellion This panic of 1819 while it was fairly widespread Uh, it it did tend to create difficulties Uh in the west where there was far less infrastructure and less financial resources And so this would be a western audience that would look at the panic of 1819 and um and see it as parts perhaps Of an eastern system. Uh, that was aimed against it I think a second component of Jackson's populism is the fact that um, it was a westerner He wasn't born in the west. He was born probably in um in south carolina Certainly in the wax hall region the border between north and south carolina But he will as a young man make his way west I mentioned um ronald reagan a couple of minutes ago Reagan was born in the midwest and regan goes to california And when reagan has his political career As governor and then later president it's during a period in which midwesterners were not being elected at the presidency But but sunbelters were I think between 1964 with johnson up to the second bush in 2004 Uh with his reelection. I think every chief executive elected was from a sunbelt states um, be it uh, georgia arkansas california florida, texas I mentioned that because uh Regionals and plays a role here plays a role with andrew jackson Reagan symbolizes in some sense a larger cultural movement Economic movement and therefore political movement to the sunbelt Jackson will represent a movement Out of the east and into the west Which will really take hold after the savor when most of our presence will be midwesterners But jackson will become um the first chief executive to um to really make his career west of the appellations Between 1803 and 1821 There were eight states brought into the union Every one of them accepting man was a southern or western state That's an electorate in the south and west that will go for jackson Jackson could have been a great hero and run for the presidency in 1804 or 1812 And and he probably would not have won that western constituency wasn't there But it is there in 1828 so, uh Jackson doesn't run for the presidency first in 1828. He runs for the presidency in 1824 um for the first time And I think that that also is a um Something that makes him really a populist candidate uh the 1824 election was Uh An interesting election in that nobody really said that they belonged to political parties They were all sort of conceiving them conceiving of themselves as a generic jeffersonian candidate um The idea of parties seemed to have dissipated if not died off with a collapse of the fiddlest party after the war of 1812 So jen in 1824 Really it's a politics of region You have john quinzians from new england You have um william crawford from georgia in the deep south You have henry clay in kentucky Uh a southern state but also western state one of clay's um Mcnames was harry of the west And they have jackson not unlike clay a southerner, but also a westerner all nominally jeffersonians um Four major candidates that means that no one is likely to win A majority of the electoral college Which the constitution tells us is what a candidate needs to win Which is precisely what happened jackson won a um Plurality the votes in the electoral college and the popular votes But he did not win a majority the election goes to the house of representatives Jacksonians say that they have a moral right to this office that the people have spoken And the election in fact goes to john quinzians So this becomes the rallying cry of jacksonian populism The people spoke but the election was stolen from the people by a corrupt cabal of Of eastern financial and political Interests when jackson does become president's in 1829 One can make the argument that he does operate as a populist Definitely so if we think of populism in 1820s and 1830s as being anti-establishment in its orientation Um anti-establishment in regard to seeing what transpired in 1824 1825 and regarding eastern politics And eastern financial elites as being corrupt and there needs to be A destabilization of the process there needs to be a new political class that comes before this populistic political class So when I say that jackson was in some sense an anti-establishment politician What I mean is that's he among other things He used the veto power more than any other chief executive before him. In fact Jackson was the seventh president He'd take the other six and they did not use the veto combined as many times as did jackson Jackson used the veto a total of 12 ponds Nobody would reach that figure again until andrew johnson Uh in the uh milling 1860s, of course, he exceeded quite a bit I think the record is f dr cut over 600 vetoes At this point in our history we're back down to lower numbers Bush two and obama. I believe both had 12 presidential vetoes by jackson Trump had 10 at this point in his presidency just about halfway through This term. I don't think joe biden has any presidential vetoes 12 that was considered a pretty high number in jackson's day. And um, uh, and this was seen as some type of am emblem that that jackson was in disagreement with Establishment institutions like for example National banks which he would he would veto out of existence There's also jackson Uh in in his relationship with his cabinet There was a tremendous amount of churn in jackson's cabinet There were four secretaries of state. There were five secretaries of the treasury There was just a lot of turnover Jackson preferred to To go to his informal cabinet, which was known cloakly as his kitchen cabinet This was also a cabinet's informal or not of shifting personalities And it caught the eye of critics. So Jackson he vetoes the second national bank united states It's understood that his kitchen cabinet was was was largely in favor of this and One commentator at the time wrote this The language of the veto message In relation to the bank united states is disgraceful to the president And humiliating to every american it smells of the kitchen What the commentator probably doesn't recognize though is that most americans Probably didn't have parlors So this wasn't a parlor politics of jefferson, right? This wasn't montage. Hello. This wasn't this wasn't washington's place at mount verney But most americans did have kitchens. They know what kitchens were they spent a lot of time in their kitchens And if jackson has a kitchen cabinet That must mean that jackson is In touch with the american people In a way that parlor politicians were not I mentioned this bank war. Um, I should also say a little bit about them jackson's Jackson's efforts to destroy the bank Um, this wasn't just the veto power. Um, but this was jackson's determination To To keep the bank From entering the political process Once the veto had been levied the veto came down in 1832. The bank's charter didn't actually Extinguish expired until 1836 Jackson learned to ensure that the bank didn't have resources that it could for example Used to purchase the votes of politicians or newspaper editors to get a favorable Reversal of the veto to have congress on board never write that veto So what jackson did was he began to Um, not remove bank deposits. That's sometimes what it's called the removal policy But rather just not put government money into the national banking system In every month when the government's bills came due He would Take the money out to the national bank. Um, and so money would be going out, but money would not be going in The problem with this is that the bank had a contract with the federal government The bank was supposed to receive this money So jackson said i don't want that to happen and jackson sought out Banks that could take in this money. They were known as pet banks derogatory term Jackson went to a secretary of The treasury Let loose mclean and said i would like to follow this program mclean said I can't do this. It's against the law. We have a contract with this national bank They are due this money Jackson like mclean Jackson Gently nudge mclean into another position mclean was replaced by another secretary of the treasury man by the name of duane Dwayne refused to do what jackson asked and and he was fired It was roger tawney The author primarily author of jackson's bank veto message Who in fact was was brought in As a term letter appointment to to head the treasury Acting director and and to get it through and and that's what tawney does This was so controversial That the senate lacking the power to initiate an impeachment trial process In fact censored jackson jackson remains to this day the only president of history to receive a senate from the us Senate I should also mention that jackson Is probably one of only two People in this country to have inspired Political parties to rise up in opposition to them I think the first is alexandra hamilton whose financial programs in the early 1790s Were deemed to be so controversial first by madison Then by Jefferson and then by the new yorkers who they allied with that they created the democratic republican party Generically later known as the jeffersonian party. So jeffersonian federalism versus Excuse me jeffersonian democracy versus hamiltonian federalism Jackson His opposition is going to be the wig party The wigs take their name from english politics. The wigs being the liberal party There in oversight of the aristocracy the crown So american wigs were careful in calling themselves wigs because they want to accent the notion that andrew jackson was in fact Operating as as a king. He was king andrew the first and so they will Create a party It'll become a national party and they will operate for a period of roughly about 20 years in opposition first to jackson And then to his successors They weren't a terribly successful political party But they did manage to win a few congressional majorities and two presidential elections The irony here is that it begins as an anti jackson party But the two chief executives who were elected Were in some sense pocket jacksons. What I mean by that is the wigs Learned that they had to play a populistic game if they wanted to get The presidential candidates elected. So the two wigs who did become president William Henry Harrison and Zachary Taylor they were both Like jackson military heroes harrison the um the war of 1812 and and taylor The mexican american war in the 1840s And so even when wigory is trying to distance itself from Disassociate itself from what jackson populism stands for they still realize that In 19th century america one must play the political game I'd also note that jackson had other forms of opposition Which were unique to him and unique to that time So jackson for example in 1833 As chief executive he suffered an assault His nose was grabbed and and we think flooded Jackson was on his way to furtick maryland. There was a ceremony there offering excuse me honoring George washington's wife martha washington Jackson was going to be there And he was on a on his own boat and a man came up to jackson jackson was sitting and the man Began to take his glove off Jackson first his hand out and said no need to take off your glove Thinking the male is going to shake his hand and the man grabbed and tweaked his nose um He got away to uh, there wasn't a lot of security at that time john quincy adams Are reflected upon that having read about it in the newspaper And he wrote a presence of the united states pulled by the nose Is new incidents in the history of this country And as he himself has confidence personal loans against members of congress Jackson will not need with much sympathy. So john quincy adams dry briny no false um, you know statements coming from his his uh, his perspective and point of view Was um, was it was very interesting the notion that jackson who was a great hater He knew could inspire great hate and others was now seeing in some sense the effect of that in a very personal way So less than two years later in early 1835 Jackson was also the first chief executive to um to be targeted for assassination this came from a house painter in washington dc english born and A gentleman suffering from mental instability Jackson is leaving a funeral in the capital building the man comes out and Pulls am a gun on him But it won't fire correctly Has a second pistol and fires, but there's a misfire with that as well The guns were later tested and they worked, but they didn't work at that moment. So jackson is able to evade assassination It did seem to contemporize them at the time that there was some morbid Um Fitting this and in jackson being the only chief executive to be targeted for assassination Because his presidency was in fact so disruptive. It was so anti establishment and it put people Not necessarily supporters, but it put many people on edge. They wondered about the future of the country They wondered about there being future jacksons to follow this and do jackson Let me give um, let me give one more example of jackson being a An anti-establishment figure and when he enters the presidency He calls for reform His word reform and what he meant by that was that there must be rotation of office One could take the high road jackson does in his inaugural dress and says that this is the people's government And every american show the opportunity to serve their government that no one should look at government work As something that they should do for their career. They should want to serve and and then leave um, but he was also reflecting upon His bitter defeats in the 1824 election and the notion that it was a corrupt financial and political bureaucracy Cheated the people from their champion in 1824 therefore, uh, he would see that that that there was a rotation that The people who would be in office would not be these encrusted political elites But they would be people who presumably would be more loyal to As he would see it the people but jackson being the The symbol of the people that they would also be loyal to jackson So on the high end, uh, he would portray Rotation of office as merely political reform To his critics and his political opponents. They would look at um, a rotation of office as being Nothing more than an opportunity for jackson to in fact build up his party Into put people loyal to him in in office jackson's immediate I should say not immediate, but jackson's um, one of jackson's uh predecessors in the presidency james monroe had worked carefully with jackson um In the 18 teens in early 1820s when jackson was in the military and when jackson was briefly governor of the territory of florida They got to know each other fairly well. It was largely an epistolary relationship. Uh, they wrote letters to each other Um, and so they knew each other and they felt comfortable with each other um And when jackson begins to announce this policy of reform and removal Uh, monroe took it a little bit personally In that he said, you know, I read your message and it makes the suggestion That's that there's been corruption In governments and for eight years I was the head of that government and I didn't see this corruption that you refer to In fact, monroe says, um, you know, uh, certain individuals such as you enter jackson did quite well under my administration and so monroe wants to um, have his voice on record here, uh, he wants to um, he wants to To clear his administration of any wrongdoing and he believed that jackson had perhaps gone a little bit too far In making the arguments, uh, at least the suggestion that previous presidential administrations Had been partisan and therefore to an extent, uh, corrupt Well, what does that leave us with jackson today? Uh, in my book, uh, I refer to jackson at least in presidential politics As the first populace. Um, we've seen iterations of populism since then Uh, including american presidential politics and, uh, we've we've we've We've had these discussions probably, um, off and on for the last, you know, four or five or six years Um, where it leaves us with andrew jackson is an interesting question Um, what do we think about populism? Um, that's a way of asking. What do we think about andrew jackson? One way to approach this is to look at polls presidential polls To be sure, uh, sometimes, uh, imprecise if not dubious science There's always the top three Lincoln, uh, and then Washington and fdr not always in that order And then there's some culprits at the very bottom. Um, james bucanon seems to always be Last or pretty close to last And then there are people like andrew jackson Um, who are particularly interesting because they fluctuate Um, sometimes they're higher and sometimes they're lower and the question is Does that say more about them their presidencies or about us and, um, contemporary culture So looking at a recent, uh, sienna poll presidential poll jackson docked in at, uh, at 23 And i think biden is 46. So jackson is pretty much right in the middle um That raises the question What do we mean in these presidential polls? And i'm not sure if it's something that we've ever really clarified um, do we mean Popularity or do we mean consequence? Because if it's popularity Then one can see jackson's popularity has declined over the last, um, 30 40 years or so On the other hand if we're talking about consequence, um, that would seem like like like jackson Must rank higher than 23rd where he sits between wean mckinley and jimmy carter because the presidency Was consequential under him Um Indian removal was consequential the bank war nullification These were consequential jackson's Populism as a symbol for common man democracy That was consequential consequence and popularity These uh, these are different things And so when we think about jackson, we consider his presidency. We consider we replace him in our history um We need to be very precise about What we're talking about and how we want to approach him In this book, I approach jackson as a populist So with that, uh, i'll close. Um, I'll thank once more You for viewing um, and for the national archives for putting on Such a great series of books and authors. Thank you very much


Today's video I don't know exactly what the title is going to be. I'm going to talk briefly about how my diet's been structured, what I've actually eaten during this time, during this bulk, to put on size, to put on muscle. You guys know I've put on weight, I've put on plenty of weight, and it all comes down to obviously what you eat. You can train your heart out. If you don't eat enough, you're not going to put on weight. On the other hand, if you're trying to drop weight, you can train your heart out. If you eat too much, you're not going to drop weight. So at the moment, my mindset is completely off of dropping weight. I heard, and this was really solidified the other day, I heard a couple of guys talking about macros, talking about how they were going to up their carbs from 200 to 250 today or something like that, and I was just shaking my head. I was just like, oh my god, there is no way I could go back to that right now. And to be honest, even when I was dieting, I wasn't always that meticulous. You know, I'm never going to be that guy. And that kind of mentality has followed into bulking phases as well. So I'm never going to be that guy that really counts everything. In fact, the last four months, I have not counted a single calorie. But in saying that, I have sort of stuck to the same sort of foods. I eat until I'm full. I eat when I'm hungry. I eat intuitively, and I train intuitively. And this is pretty much a classic haul of food for me from the supermarket. So I'm not going to enter the debate behind dirty bulking versus clean bulking. But the way I see it, if I'm going to try and put on weight, I'm not going to pussy put around. I'm certainly not.  So if I start a diet to put on weight, I'm going to start slamming the calories.  You know, I'm going to hit it hard. If I start seeing that scale go up, I'm happy. You know, that really gets me in the zone straight away. If I was pussy footing around, trying to work out the right amount of macros and calories to make sure that I was only 300 above so that I was lean bulking the whole time.  So this time and other times that I've bulked, I've just cracked into it straight away. And that's exactly what happens. You know, I started incorporating creatine as well, which gave me a little bit of a kick, a couple more reps here and there. So I was feeling stronger. I was feeling bigger, heavier from the start, and I just continued that right through. So one thing I will say is that I'm pretty slack when it comes to vegetables, to be honest, like fruit. As far as fiber, I get it from your starchy carbohydrates and fruit. I'm really slack on the vegetables. And I think that's just the fact that I've got to prepare them.  So with that being said, my carbohydrates come from starchy sources, cereals, rice, breads, things like that, and also from fruit. So for fruit, I don't buy these things every time. Every time I do buy fruit, I definitely get bananas. So I get a few of those. I'll go through. I'll leave them on the bench. Every smoothie that I make, I'll put one or two in. I'll have them as pre-workout meals. I'll have them as snacks. They don't last very long at all. This is probably about 12 bananas, and it might last three or four days. We've got some apricots. We've got some nectarines and some mangoes.  And it's good for you. So those are my fruit sources for today. And as far as other carbohydrates go, we've got rice. So it doesn't matter. I've said it before, I'll say it again. It really doesn't matter to me whether it's brown or white rice. If you need to hit a certain amount of carbs in the day to make sure you're in that surplus, I really think that whatever is going to go down the best, whatever you find the most tasty is going to be the best option. So we've got plenty of rice. I'll make sure I've got seasonings and sauces and things. So it's definitely no meal in the last four months has ever been bland.  Food is here to be enjoyed. In saying that, I do consider micronutrients and your vitamins and minerals and fiber and things like that. I consider them to be extremely important. In fact, a lot more important than your macronutrients. So when you're trying to gain weight, this is another thing I've found. When you're trying to gain weight, macronutrients become less important than when you're trying to lose weight because I feel like when you're in a caloric surplus, you're anabolic, you've got this food in your system, you've got this nutrients running through your system. Protein becomes less important. I feel like you're not going to be catabolic. How is your body going to lose muscle when you're in a caloric surplus?  I feel like you can get away with your protein going down slightly. So with that said, I started this bulk making sure my protein was up around 250. Some days it's been probably about 150 and I haven't worried about it because I'm getting away from all this bro science. I'm not being so meticulous. I never have been and I never will be. So anyway, regardless of that, carbohydrates, we've got the fruit, we've got the rice and we've also got starchy carbohydrates which I tend to get as a sweet option because I need something to keep that sweet craving at bay. So with that said, we've got some cinnamon donuts which are low in fat. I tend to keep my carbohydrate sources low in fats then I can bring fats in from other sources and make my meals really tasty and things like that because at the end of the day, yes, macronutrients haven't been too important to me but I still want to keep my fats low-ish because I feel like carbohydrates and protein are the two macros that you really need to up to, well, carbohydrates especially but protein second, fats third. Anyway, I'm gonna keep going. We've got some cinnamon donuts. We've got cinnamon scrolls which are absolutely delicious. We've got apple cinnamon scrolls and we've got cheese and marmite scrolls.  I love them.  I just love that shit, right? So to find something that is relatively low in fat, you know, not too high in sugar, it's not that healthy for you but in saying that you need carbohydrates from somewhere, man, don't you?  It doesn't seem to have affected my health too badly but what I will say is that some days I find myself just having way too much sugar and then I will get a headache and I will get dehydrated and I'll know that I've really basically poisoned myself because at the end of the day, sugar in high amounts and high doses is like a poison, I reckon.  I don't think so. But as far as protein goes, we've got egg whites which I will mix with bananas and protein powder and mixed berries and things like that in a blender for shakes. So I'll let those defrost in the fridge and I'll just pour them out as needed into my shakes and things. Other protein sources, we've got chicken tenderloins, I'll get breasts, I'll get thighs, I'll get tenderloins.  So cereals, which is another steak and calf-hydrate sauce, I've got the fruit, I've got the starchy carbs and I've got the cereals, we've got oats which I go through like nothing else and we've got some some Nutri-grain, the Woolworths version. All right, apologies there guys.  Hope you enjoyed, hope you learned something. That is how I've been structuring my food intake, my diet over the last four months and we've made some good gains and it's not stopping yet. So follow along for more, that's all I can say guys. Who knows if we will end up. What I will say is that we're weighing in at about 102 kilo right now and I wanna get it up there to about 110 because then I could say, I could literally say I'm 240 pounds which is fucked.  That's all I can say and I'm gonna get there with the help of all that food that you just saw. So just one final quick word before I do go I realized that I didn't really tell you anything about the actual structure of my diet. Which kind of meals when and things like that. So the way I've done it is I will wake up in the morning and depending on how long it's been since I've had my last meal I'll either fast, I'll grab a coffee regardless and I'll either have a big smoothie which has a good amount of protein, a good amount of carbs, I'll either have that or I'll have nothing and I'll probably make that smoothie and actually take it with me to work to have a little bit later because the way I've actually done it is I've gone throughout my day and basically use my brain on things. And I realized that you grow when you sleep, right? So you'd want a lot of nutrients running through your body and being delivered to your muscles and recovering properly whilst you sleep. So with that in mind you'd want to eat right up until you went to bed, right? So that's how I've been doing it. I've been having at least a thousand if not 1500 calories in my last meal before I go to bed. Marijuana has helped with that, I will say. I get a pretty good dose of the munchies every now and then so it's not a problem for me and I feel like I wake up in the morning. Basically with bulking guys, the thing about bulking, you've got to get comfortable with feeling uncomfortable at times. It's just the way it is.  You're not gonna feel the best at times.  You need carbohydrates to grow. That's just your body just fighting back, I guess. Growing muscle is not easy but it's not, people over complicated, they really do. And the way I've structured my meals around training is I'll make sure I've got a good amount of protein and a good amount of carbohydrates before and after I train. So beforehand a good amount of carbs might be 100 grams, a good amount of protein is probably about 50. Post-training, a good amount of carbs is probably 100 to 150 grams and protein anywhere from 50 to 100. And as long as I've got those two meals in place every single time and every single day, every single time I train before and after I train, I feel good. I feel like I've got the basis right. I feel like I've got the basis behind everything right and I can just fill up the rest of my day with added meals. Whether I have that shake first thing in the morning, that's probably another 700 calories or something. I'll take food to work, I'll take packets of rice with tins of tuna, I'll buy a whole chicken from the supermarket and buy some loaf of bread and make chicken sandwiches, I'll buy some fruit and a protein bar, I'll mix it up. It really doesn't matter, like I said, I'm not meticulous on exactly what I'm having but I'll make sure that I'm sticking to those numbers, I'll have a good amount before and after I train. I feel like that's putting me in the best position to be anabolic. The food you're taking in before you train is literally fuel, it's fuel to make sure you have a good workout. The food you take in after you train is recovery, okay?   So that doesn't happen very often, that means that I've either got a day off work or I've woken up really early before work which definitely doesn't happen. So that's about it and I hope that covers everything.  That's basically what that means, so that's about it.  Peace.


I'm Deborah Borchart, and this is your marijuana money minute. Well, the coronavirus pandemic is raging on, and so far it had resulted in some decent sales for some of the dispensaries out there. But unfortunately, in Massachusetts, the state decided that adult use sales could not continue. They could only do medicinal marijuana sales, so that is bad news for some of those dispensaries. They had been seeing increased sales as people were stocking up ahead of being quarantined. Despite the virus crisis, there have been some key news items out of companies this week. Harvest Health and Verano said that their deal is over. This deal had been valued at $850 million, so it was big. Harvest Health, though, made this deal when their stock was priced at roughly $8 and change. Now their stock is just trading at a bit over a dollar. Charlotte's Web announced that they are going to acquire advocates, and that this confined entity will control 35% of the CBD market in the US, so this is huge. This deal is valued at $99 million. Purely said that it was going to acquire the three-arrow alternate care dispensaries in the state of Connecticut. AAC operates three out of the 18 total stores that are currently operational in Connecticut. Organogram had some good news and bad news this week. On the good news side, they said that they received approval from Health Canada for their expansion. On the bad news side, they said that some of their jobs at their Moncton facility cannot be done remotely, and so they anticipate some temporary layoffs due to the virus. Private Cannabis Company, Leafley laid off 91 employees this week. The company said that it was also due to the virus. And finally, Green Market Report had broken a story last week about employees at Green Growth Brands getting laid off, but then not getting their back pay well. The company said that they found some money and so those employees will get paid, and they also said that the CEO who resigned would not be receiving his severance package. And that's it for this week. I'm Deborah Borchardt. Stay healthy and stay safe out there.