All right, theoretically, this is live. So I'm still in the middle of making a video about Five Nights at Freddy's 1 and why it's scary and all that. And I don't know anything about the gameplay of three. I haven't watched anyone else play it. I haven't read anything. I literally know nothing except that there's one animatronic that I saw in a teaser once. So let's see how this goes. I assume this is a jump scare game. Those kind of look like Nazi doctor glasses there. Oh great, this is a Jurassic Park situation. Hey fan. Two maps. Oops. All right, I don't know how to close that camera and I guess that just crashes the game. Just like the other one. All right. Let's try that again. That was not that terrifying so far. I'm glad that still works. All right, I gotta pay attention. Great new relics over the weekend. And we're out tracking down a dude right now. So let me just update you to an open in Michael's week. So we have to make sure everything catches on fire. When a place opens, people will come in at the opposite end of the building and work their way toward you and pass you and out the end. There we go. Yeah, you've officially become part of the attraction. You'll be starring as the security guard. So not only will you be monitoring the people on the camera as they pass through, you know, to make sure no one steals anything or makes out of the corner, but you'll also be a part of the show. It'll make you feel really authentic, I think. Now let me tell you about what's new. We found another set of drawings, always nice, and a foxy head, which we think could be authentic. Then again, it might just be another crappy cosplay. And we found a desk to wash the fingers. Door to close. Suffocation wasn't a danger in the first one. Ah, I can look in the door. I had to look all the way from the door to look at the camera. That's a long way to go. This one definitely doesn't feel as menacing. I mean, I know there's probably a jump scare, but I don't really see anything frightening. Oh hey, Foxy. I got this. Oh great, some more creepypasta. Oh, okay, I can move Freddy. Let's go see what's going on. That's cool. I guess the place is abandoned. Hey, another Freddy. Where's he off to? Probably heading over to jump scare city. Alright, scary purple guy.  Come on here. This is my bid for freedom. Hey, if this is the office, Emily seems to be nervous by the mice. Alright, purple jump scare bear. I guess you're the one I gotta follow. I'm coming. You can always watch my live stream. Yeah, yeah. Ear? What do you mean ear? Why did that say ear? Why does that say ear? Oh! Alright, alright. I'm surprised you were startled by that. There wasn't even any sound that you could hear. No, you don't. First of all, these are like prehistoric. I think they were like training tapes for like other employees or something like that. So I'm going to like have them playing like over the speakers as people walk through the attraction to a dead man to feel legit, man. But I have a better surprise for you. If you're not going to believe this. Well, look, it's in there somewhere. I'm sure you'll see it. Oh, really? Hey, busted arcade. Oh, we're getting some lore.   Oh! Wait, so there's no door. How do I see it coming for me? Well, what do I do? Oh, it's probably over here. That's the hall right outside. That stuff's all fine. Is it in the vents? I thought I heard something in the vent.  Let's just seal that guy. There's a lot of places here.  I hear him up there again. Oh, he's not up there. Okay.  All right. I guess I'm not dead. The ventilation system was off. Okay. See, in the trailer, the fucker came out of there. Where the fuck? Whoa. Definitely not in the vents.  So I guess that means he is right there. The door is there.   He just walked over there. I don't know what I can do to stop him. There, I know he's right there.  Oh, wow. There's a bunch of people watching. Cool. All right. Okay. So, all right. So, Freddie went and followed the purple thing, got a jump scare, and I guess became evil. So now I get to be Bonnie. I wonder if there's a way to not be evil. Let's go find some kids. Hey, spare parts. I'm just a happy rabbit. Everything's fine. I'm not following you, purple bear. I'm trying to head you off instead. So that's the show stage.  Don't say ear again. Hey, you... Why would I follow you? You killed my friend Freddie. If I go up there, it's going to say something creep. Ear, why does it keep saying ear? Whoa! Okay. Should I just rush in there? Why do I keep coming back to work? For today's lesson, we will be continuing our training with some handling techniques. With using an animatronic as a system, please ensure that the animatronic parts are tightly compressed and fastened by the spring lock. Oh, he's right there! Inside of the suit. They take a moment and position your head in force between these parts in a manner where you can move and sneak. Try not to dodge or press against any of the spring locks inside the suit. Do not touch the spring locks at any time. Do not breathe on the spring locks as moisture may loosen them and cause them to break loose. In the case that the spring locks come loose while you're wearing a suit, please try to maneuver away from populated areas before bleeding out as to not ruin the customer experience. As always, if there is ever an emergency, please go to the designated space room. Every location is filled with one extra room that is not included in the digital map layout program, animatronics or security systems. This room is hidden to customers and is always off camera. As always, remember to smile. So, something about the spring lock that I wasn't super paying attention to that probably should have. There's probably some horrific lore I could have learned. I saw him in this area. I'm going to turn left when I come out of this map and he's going to be right there, isn't he? Video on! He's not there. Hi. I guess if I find him, I can use it to scare him away?  Hi, dude. Stop looking at me. Okay, I guess that scared him away. Oh, no, now I hear him. Fuck, Izzy. There he is. Ventilation error video.  Reboot all. Come on. We don't have all day here. I know the air is running out. Why is the alarm still going off? Huh, ventilation. Did someone suffocate in a suit? Is that what caused this whole storm?   Does that just need hallucinating?  Oh, whoa. Whoa, whoa, whoa. Oh, oh, oh, I know what that is.  Come on. Okay. Ah, that's not even... Shit! Oh, double. Okay. I guess that killed me. Go watch my live stream. That way you'll hear this. So, when that happens, what was I supposed to do, game? Where is this dude? Ventilation error already. Okay. Yeah, I know. I know. My air is running out so I'm gonna get some horrible jump scare. All right, where is that asshole? I have a newfound sense of capabilities. What?  How do I... Come on, let me play the sound. Does that even do any...  Oh, god. Jump down there again. Whoa! All right, so every time that happens, the ventilation system dies. Whoa, whoa, there's that thing again! Okay. It's gonna be there when this thing comes down, isn't it? No? What is that thing?  Audio error. Fuck. He's looking at me.  He's still there. That's not scaring him away. I don't know what to do. Hey, dude. I guess as long as I can see you there, everything's okay.   Hello. Video error. Okay, good, he's not there. Is the ventilation working? Okay. Fuck. I'm gonna get a faster... What do you mean? Why is the alarm going off? Oh! Yeesh. He's right there, isn't he? Five... Ah! So he's just looking at me. Should I play the sound? Does that make him go away? No? Oh! I don't know what I'm supposed to do there. So I got the play sound. I'm not really sure what that does. So I gotta find him in the vents. He's definitely not in the vents. So if he's hanging out there, should I look at him or should I look away from him? Oh, I hear that sound that I heard before.  What is that thing?   Oh, I all tabbed!  I all tabbed. Okay, I'm back. It's ventilate. So I can't quite... I mean, obviously, when I see that thing in the video, I gotta look away immediately. Okay, that scares him away. So if I see him on the camera, the sound scares him away. Not always.   Don't be there, don't be there. So far he hasn't been there when this thing's come down. That's the thing I'm actually really kind of afraid of.  That thing that pops up is kind of like darkly imprinted over the camera and the static, but it's hard to tell. Wish that thing wasn't right there, too. What? Okay, no, that's just a... Whoa! Whoa! Whoa! Come on!  He's right there! Oh, god, he's gonna come right out of there and get me, like, right now. No, he's coming. I probably shouldn't hit reboot all. I know. He's right there. He's looking at me. Will that scare him away? No, he's looking at me again. Should I just not look at him? Is that how I survived or does not look at him until he goes away?  He's in the room with me. No!  What am I supposed to do? Can I figure this out without reading what the internet figures out? I should probably play the first three nights again and listen more closely to what that guy says. There's nothing I can click on. Let's try to avoid that other scare. What are these things? Oh, it just moved. Oh, they disappear when I click on them. Are those? All right, whatever those scary chicken heads are, I'm gonna go click on all of them. Okay, everything's fine. So, really, what are all those chicken heads? Oh, fuck! Whoa! Why does that happen? Is it because I ran out of air and I'm hallucinating? Is there another chicken head I can click on? Or are they in the vents? Okay, I can't play the audio in the vent. There's no one in the vents. There's never anyone in the vents. I'm gonna seal that vent because who cares?  We're broke.  Come on, finish! Where is he?  Seal that vent. That's a creepy motherfucker. Okay, so that vent is sealed, so he can't get me from there. Oh, he moved. I think he's still in the vents. Okay, no, he's not. He's gotta be somewhere else. Whoa! Okay! Oh, fuck! Play the audio! Oh! That was picture. Oh, goddammit!  All right, think I'm onto something with those chicken heads. All right, immediately. Then check the camera. All right, where are those chicken heads? There's one. There's a orb. All right, something's moving somewhere. Did those just happen because I run out of air? Oh, there he is! Oh, where'd he go? Oh! Oh, it's that creepy-ass cupcake from the first game. That's what that is. So if I collect all the cupcakes, does that protect me? Does something happen? I think once he gets close to me, it's too late. All right, he's not in the vents. Where is he? Oh, I hear that noise again. Goddammit. All right, camera's reboot. Come on. Come on. Talk it all day here. Fucking... Oh, he's in the vent. All right. Come on, reboot. Come on. I know he's in the vent. It's always right there now! What do I even do? Can I just not move? Can I look at him? Is it too late? Can I scare him away?  It's that thing again. Oh, hey, dude. Oh, he's in the room with me again. He's going to get me. He always gets me when I click there. Let's try a different strategy, maybe? I might start over from night one and really listen to what the dude says. All right, let's forget the cupcakes. I think he's supposed to start over here. All right, I'll take the cupcake. Goddammit. Stop being there. Oh, there's a cupcake. Where'd it go? Oh, I hear that, like, snorting sound again. What's that? Oh, there he is. Playing that audio did not scare him away. Stop giving me these false promises. Fucking...  Really listen to what that dude says on the phone.   Where was that? That was there. He's probably, like, right here now. I guess I can see him once he gets close. He's not there yet. Is he over here somewhere? There's a cupcake. There's another cupcake. Where is he? Oh, there is. Fuck. Oh, it's only 2 a.m. Fuck. Okay. That's totally...  Hello. So what do I do once he's there? Do I just watch him? Oh, now the ventilation system's going. I'm probably going to see him go by the window walking this way. Hey, dude. How you doing? Stop watching me. I don't think I'm going to make it 3 more hours with him there. Oh, that's, like, kind of spreading, being creepy. It's going to jump me any second. It's going to... Oh, it's right there. I don't even want to see. Can I play the sound here? Will that scare him away? All right. He's definitely over there. Oh, and the ventilation's going. But if I click on this, it's going to get me. Come on. I don't need to make it 2 more hours. I know I'm not going to make it, though. Oh, he's right there. Oh, stop looking at me, dude. But if I just keep playing that sound, does that keep you away? No, you're still there. As long as I can see you, I guess. Go! Let's... I'm going to play from the beginning again and really pay attention. I'm not going to try to crack jokes. But those do look like Nazi doctor glasses. Just saying. All right. Listen to what the man says. Yeah, what's up with that room? Failed ventilation causes some of those jump scares. All right, so here... All right, I guess the first night just gets me acclimated. Wasdy! Time to go meet the purple bear. And the ear. I'm just going to run right in. I'm not going to... Oh, I get pushed. I wonder if there's anywhere else I can get to. Okay. Super concentration. Okay, so that's him. Okay, so he's there. Now he moves. So from here, he's either here. See him in there. Be over here. Be over here. Okay, so that's him. Okay, so he's there. Now he moves. So from here, he's either here. See him in there. Be over here. Be over here. All right. So the suits were... Either animatronics or suits and you had to turn that crank. So maybe the psycho guy wore the suit, killed those kids or whatever and one thing led to another and he ended up... I don't know, getting unsprung in the suit? There's definitely something with the lore in that regard. Oh, maybe I can use the audio to draw them away. So he's there. Maybe I can draw him away with the sound. Maybe it was drawing him here when I should have been drawing it. Fuck, it's that thing. Let's try to draw him back to the entrance. Okay, so he's there. That's fine. Okay, so I can use the audio to draw him somewhere, I guess. Where'd he go? Oh, he's definitely in the vents.  Shit. I gotta lure him away. So maybe that'll lure him over here. Fuck. King audio error. Starting it a little bit better at this though. So I think I have to use the sound to draw him away. Where is that jerk? Curious what's up with those cupcakes, too. There he is. So he's on his way. So I should play the audio here. Did it work? Did it work? He's gone. Where'd he go? Oh, he's just getting closer. There he is. Oh, he's there. Oh, it's totally working. Except he was looking at the camera. Oh, it totally works. Okay. Gotta keep that ventilation. I don't trust that the ventilation is working. I guess it warns me. Can I lure him back all the way up here? Yeah, I think it's working. Oh, he's over there now. Let's try to lure him back over here. Okay, I think I'm on the right track.  I wish that wasn't there. Alright, dude. Nope, nope. Back over here. Oh. I hear that snorting noise again. It's really faint, but I definitely hear it. Alright, dude. Come back this way. Or not. Or just keep getting closer. I think he went back. I don't know if he went back. It's only night two. I did this my first try last time.  There he is. Oh, I'm fine. He's all the way back into the beginning. Shit. Okay. Jerk, he can't get me. Just keep an eye on him. For good measure. Just keep an eye on him. Oops. No, don't seal. Don't seal. Oh, he's back at the beginning. Sure. Let's try to lure him over to the edge. Yeah, it totally works. Okay, he's back by the beginning. It's fine. Let's seal that guy preemptively.  Really, where'd he go? Oh, good. Good. Right into my trap. Piece of cake. Surround you out to 6 a.m. I can see you. Shit. Maybe I can't see you. Didn't matter. Got this. Time to pay a whole bunch of attention. All right. Bonnie, let's explore a little bit. I don't want to follow the purple bear. Nope.  There's nowhere else I can go, though, is there? I wonder if there's a different jump scare if I just keep running away. What is up with these? You guys saw them, too, right? They're in the camera, kind of faded. And if you click on them, they disappear. Did someone poison the food? Why don't you just hang out here? This is where I belong. Cheek is not going to help me. All right. Purple bear. You clearly killed my friend.  All right. Pay attention to what this dude says. For today's lesson, we will be continuing our training on proper speed handling techniques. For using an animatronic as a zoom, please ensure that the animatronic parts are tightly compressed and fastened by the spring lock located around the inside of the zoom. It may take a few moments to position your head in torso between these parts in a manner where you can move in and speak. Try not to nudge or press again any of the spring lock inside the zoom. Do not touch the spring lock at any time. Do not breathe on the spring lock as moisture may loosen them and cause them to break loose. If you can't touch the spring lock and come loose while you're wearing a zoom, please try to maneuver away from populated areas before bleeding out as to not ruin the customer experience. As always, if there is ever an emergency, please go to the designated safe room. Every location is filled with one extra room that is not included in the digital map layout program of the animatronics or security system. That's where it hits the customer as visible as the animatronic and is always off camera. As always, remember to smile when the face of Freddy Fazbear is seen. No! No! No! No, he's in the vent! Come on! Come on! Oh, it's the one I already sealed. Gotcha! Oh, of course he moved. No, didn't mean to double-click. Uh, fuck, alright. I gotta fix that or I'll go crazy. He's up there again. Okay. I know. Alright, he got out here somewhere. He's near me. He's gonna get me. He made it through the vent. Oh, I hope he wasn't in that vent because that's how he gets in behind me. Cupcake. I just gotta try to lure him. Shit! Dude, I know he's in the room.  I know you're here. Maybe if I see the sound and draw him out of the room. Alright, I know how I died. Let's try this again. I died because I let him get into that vent. I had to ignore ventilation and deal with vents first. Gotta find him. Think is that him? Yeah, that was him. And now he's over here. So if I play the audio here, he should come back over here. So I guess if that's dead, then the ping won't work. Alright, he's probably moved now. Of course. Well, let's... just in case. Maybe I should let more of this go and then reboot it all. Come on. Fuck. I gotta seal this first, then I can deal with the ventilation. Got it. Okay. I know. I know. I know about the jump scare. Okay. Fuck, he's up there. I think that was him going back down. So if he went back down from there, he must be back at the start. There he is. Come on. Come over here. Yeah, totally works. Hey dude. Oh, if I keep him here though, we can get into the vent. I should lure him here. Come on, after this reboot, I'm going to lure him over there. Keep him away from the vents. What's that?  It's right there, that thing. I really wish that thing wasn't about to do whatever it is that it's going to do. I'm just going to ignore that guy. Shit. I don't think I sealed it in time. I didn't. So where's that go? Oh, he's there. Damn it. I had to ignore that Freddy Fazbear creeping by and double click on the vent faster. That's what I needed to do. I have got to let systems die and never, ever let him get through the vent. The vent is just dead. Alright, cool. So that vent goes here. Actually, if I lure him over here, then it's just that vent. So I can predict what vent he's going to go into. Okay, so he's here. So if he goes back here and goes in this vent, it's easy. I'll seal this vent because that's the only vent he... We can get into that vent too, so I'll have to check here first. Alright, let's lure him before I reboot everything. I don't know if my plan is crazy or if I'm just being efficient. Come on! If reboot all takes more than twice as long. So we're still there. And I've sealed that vent. Fuck! Good, he went into the vent I thought he would. And now he should be back down here. Yes! He follows rules! So let's lure him somewhere. Fuck. Okay, so we went there. Got him. Got him. So he's going to come back down in here. Sure enough, there he is. Here. And then let's seal the vent that he's likely to go into. And before I fix that... Hello? There's trust that he's still over here. I'm going to play this one more time.  Come on!  Shit, it's that thing! Okay. Okay, good. He went into the vent that I already sealed. It's fine. Everything's fine. Let's lure him down. Nope. Hand is actually sweating. Okay, he should be back here. Yes he is. Let's lure him over here. And meanwhile, let's prepare. I'm going to seal that vent. All right, dude, go into the vent. I dare you.   All right. Let's reboot this. Okay, I got him. Sealed. That other thing is going to get me. He's going to ignore it. Where is he? Let's...  No, he's right there. All right, just reboot all. Come on, it's almost 6 a.m. I hope that wasn't hallucination because I saw him there. And he wasn't in the vent. He must have come back down. Come on, it's almost 6 a.m. Come on, reboot. Where is he?  Okay, it's almost 6 a.m. He's right there. Can't... Oh, there is a vent he can get into. Let's seal it. Yeah, he's still there. He's still there. I sealed the vent he can get into. And the vent only takes him here. This is the only scary vent. All right, let's get some lure. Or die, whatever's gonna happen. I've even got my cupcake. Why would I follow you?  Maybe I should... Maybe I should go to the cupcakes with my cupcake. Are you gonna say ear? I think someone activated the suits from the outside and killed three people. Wonder if that's where the Jack-in-the-box guy came from. Is this a whole game or is there a... Really? He had to wait till right then? Ventilation? Shit. No, I got him! I stopped him! Yep.  Let's do it. Come on. It's gotta be in my A game. I gotta find him immediately. I gotta pre-seal a vent and then look at a different vent. So where is this jerk? Where is this jerk? I gotta find the secret room, too. So let's seal this one and try to keep him here. Or did he go through the secret room that I'm supposed to find? Okay, so he's here. Hello. So I... Fuck. Come on, don't go into the vents. Don't go into the vents. Don't go into the vents. Don't go into the vents.  I'm playing kid noises.  Got it. Alright, so he's here. Let's pre-seal that vent and then put it on that vent. Because that's dangerous. If he gets here, I can still deal with it. So I'm gonna... Alright.   Try keeping camera 8. I'm just gonna ignore that audio error again. And ventilation. Shit. I can't escape out of this, either. And he came back down. It's over. Wait, he's in that... Oh, wait, maybe... Did I reboot this? Alright. I think I'm done for the night, guys. I still think one is scarier. But this is not a bad game. I think it's more a horror game than two was, by far. But, let's see what people are saying in my little chat, and then I'll head out for the night. Being boo. I gotta go to work tomorrow. It's almost midnight. I got packs.  Click all the... I know I was trying to click the cupcakes. I kept seeing them when I was clicking on them. Activates a minigame. Purple guy hidden spring trap. Spring trap. Okay, so this guy is saying that purple guy hid in a spring trap. He died in there, and spring trap left as he died. Okay. Anyway. I am going to bed, and I will probably do this again later.


Hello everyone in this session we are going to show you two tutorials it's on macronutrient, macro you know so as we know macros are your carbohydrate fat and protein extremely important protein and fats good fats in the body keep your carbohydrate low as much as possible have more dals have more dahi have more you know protein rich food if you're non-veg eggs and you know non-veg food seeds and nuts so you can add in the diet but that will keep your insulin level kind of steady you know. Second tutorial is on basically nutrient count so you know a lot of time we don't know how much component we are taking how much protein we are taking in day-to-day food so here what we have done we have taken food that we eat on a regular basis like rice, roti you know idli, dosa and here you know we have shown that what is the macronutrient content of this foods not only macro but also some iron calcium and then we've also shown that how you can combine foods so that it will improve the nutrient density okay we want to have nutrient dense food not just calorie rich food okay when you eat a lot of this rice and wheat those are very high kind of you know it lacks nutrients actually to be frying they are they're high calorie dense to not have any nutrient not so many nutrients so what we end up eating is predominantly carbohydrate in a diet so do focus on protein intake keep your protein intake minimum one gram per kilogram in your diet young children they need much higher protein okay because their bones are growing bones are 50% protein okay so do enjoy both this tutorial watch them and share with your family friends and with your patients thank you welcome to the spoken tutorial on the introduction to macro nutrients in this tutorial we will learn about proteins fats carbohydrates macronutrients or macros are important nutrients they include proteins fats and carbohydrates let's learn more about each of these macros starting with proteins the basic building blocks of protein are amino acids when our body needs to make proteins it joins amino acids together this forms peptides peptides join together to form polypeptides polypeptides join together to form more complicated proteins for example they can form hair or muscle tissue when we eat proteins this process reverses during digestion we break down complex proteins this forms small peptides and amino acids then we can use these amino acids to make new proteins as explained previously let's discuss some details of protein digestion protein digestion starts in the stomach with hydrochloric acid and pepsin they begin breaking down proteins into polypeptides and single amino acids these polypeptides and amino acids travel to the small intestine there polypeptides are further broken down by pancreatic enzymes amino acids and short peptides then cross the intestinal ball they enter the blood stream and then enter the cells there they are used to synthesize new proteins some ingested amino acids and peptides are also delivered to the liver there they are processed and distributed to other body cells we constantly break down proteins and make new proteins we cannot store protein so we need to get enough protein from various food sources daily functions and daily requirements of protein are discussed in another tutorial now let's move on to fats the basic building blocks of fat are fatty acids fats are made up of carbon and hydrogen joined together in long chains these long chains are called hydrocarbons the structure of the fat will affect how it behaves in our bodies the level of saturation affects the structure of a fat saturation refers to the amount of hydrogen bonded to a hydrocarbon chain the more hydrogen bonded the more saturated the fat is saturated fats are found in coconut milk milk products meat etc in such fats hydrogen fill up all the available spots on the chain however if only some spots are filled with hydrogen the fat is unsaturated there are mono unsaturated fats which have only one unsaturated carbon pair more than 50% of the fat in peanuts is mono unsaturated about 60 to 80% of the fat in olives is mono unsaturated there are polyunsaturated fats which have multiple unsaturated carbon pairs they are found in fish walnuts flax seeds sunflower seeds etc to digest fat the body breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol this breakdown occurs mainly in the small intestine short and medium chain fatty acids are released into the blood directly long chain fatty acids are repackaged into particles called chylomicrons chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system and then into the bloodstream they are used for energy or converted into body fat for storage most dietary fat sources are a combination of saturated and unsaturated fats this is good because we must eat a mix of fat types to be healthy this balance comes naturally by eating a variety of whole less processed foods this includes nuts and seeds dairy eggs fatty fish meats coconut etc you may notice that some of these foods are rich in saturated fats some of them even have cholesterol this isn't a bad thing we need cholesterol to live a diet should include a variety of fats this includes saturated mono unsaturated omega-6 and omega-3 fats some fats should be minimized or eliminated from the diet trans fats from processed foods increase the risk of many diseases eating too much omega-6 and too less omega-3 fatty acids is harmful the ideal ratio is one is to one reusing polyunsaturated fats for deep frying can cause many diseases more details about fats are discussed in another tutorial in the same series lastly let's talk about carbohydrates the basic building block of carbohydrates is the mono saccharide mono saccharides like glucose and fructose have one ring in their structure disaccharides like sucrose and lactose have two mono saccharides joined together polysaccharides have many mono saccharides joined together they are also called complex carbohydrates examples are glycogen starches and many types of soluble and insoluble fibers they are found in beans grains foxtail millet finger millet vegetables etc we are always building up and breaking down carbohydrates simple starches and sugars break down into mono saccharides during digestion for example sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose for absorption other carbohydrates like cellulose can't be broken down by the human body simple sugars can be joined together in the body for example glucose can become glycogen in our liver and muscles carbohydrates can also form other compounds in our bodies the process of carbohydrate digestion begins the moment we put it in our mouth there are enzymes in our saliva called amylases they begin breaking down complex carbohydrates into smaller carbohydrate chains then the carbohydrates pass through the stomach to the small intestine the pancreas secretes amylases they break the smaller carbohydrate chains into disaccharides these disaccharides are broken down into mono saccharides for example sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose then they pass through intestinal cells into blood vessels then they are taken to the liver before they enter general circulation the liver takes what it needs for energy transfer and glycogen storage then it sends the rest out as glucose into the blood cells take glucose from the blood with the help of insulin inside the cells glucose is converted into energy muscle contraction also brings glucose into cells even without insulin so glucose uptake is usually better after exercise this is why exercise helps keep us metabolically healthy the body always tries to keep blood glucose levels stable if blood sugar drops too low the body will need a new glucose supply glucose can be made from carbohydrates in the food we eat it can also be made by breaking down stored glycogen in the liver this will stabilize blood glucose levels and provide immediate energy if blood sugar goes too high the liver and muscles will take up what they can sometimes the blood sugar is still too high after liver and muscle storage then the extra glucose is converted into body fat in terms of quality not all carbohydrates were created equal complex carbohydrates from whole foods keep us feeling full longer they are naturally combined with other things in whole foods whole foods have micronutrients phytonutrients fiber water protein and fats therefore whole foods release energy and glucose gradually in the body they keep our blood sugar and insulin levels stable the fiber in whole foods feeds are friendly gut bacteria it also lowers cholesterol absorption and helps bowel movement it is best to eat complex carbohydrates from whole foods simple highly processed carbohydrates like biscuits and chips digest quickly however they tend to leave us unsatiated they are not rich in nutrients they have high amounts of sodium and industrial chemicals they also have trans fats and preservatives they tend to stimulate our appetite and leave us wanting more they can cause fluctuations in our blood sugar and insulin levels that means we can finish a whole packet of chips and still crave more even then half an hour later we are hungry more information on junk food is available in other tutorials please visit our website for more details this brings us to the end of this tutorial thank you for joining welcome to the spoken tutorial on the nutrient count of day-to-day food in this tutorial we will learn about importance of nutrition nutrient count of some day-to-day food nutrition is important for good health essential nutrition is necessary from infancy for growth and development it also helps to prevent malnutrition poor nutrition can lead to impaired mental and physical development it can also lead to reduced immunity reduced immunity increases the risk of developing minor and chronic diseases nutrition related problems can be prevented by breastfeeding a baby remember that a baby should be breastfed within the first hour of its birth exclusive breastfeeding till six months with correct techniques is important after six months along with breast milk nutrient dense food should be given this nutrient dense food is called complementary food complementary food should be rich in all the nutrients protein is one of the important nutrients it helps in growth and development hence it is advised to include protein rich food sources in daily diet milk and milk products beans nuts and seeds are good sources of protein eggs fish chicken and meat are also excellent sources absorption of protein from non-vegetarian food is higher than vegetarian food it is because non-vegetarian foods have complete proteins complete proteins contain all the essential amino acids more about the importance of protein has been explained in another tutorial please visit our website for this tutorial let's take a look at the protein content of some of the food sources hundred grams of fish has about 21 grams of protein 250 millilitres of cows milk has approximately 8 grams of protein one whole egg has around 7 grams 30 grams of soya bean has 11 grams whereas 30 grams of all raw pulses have around 4 grams of protein let us look at the nutrient count of some day-to-day food please note one medium bowl mentioned in this tutorial is 150 millilitres one tablespoon is 20 grams the nutritive values mentioned are approximate values I will briefly tell you the nutrient value of cooked rice half medium bowl of cooked rice has 22 grams of carbohydrates it has only 2 grams of protein it has 1 gram of fiber 2 milligrams of calcium and no iron now let's see the nutritional value of a common meal for example half medium-sized bowl of cooked rice with chicken curry half bowl chicken curry will have 100 grams of boneless chicken or four small pieces another example is half medium-sized bowl of curd rice half medium bowl of curd rice will have 100 grams of curd protein increases up to 10 times when cooked rice is taken with half bowl chicken curry it increases iron from 0 to 1 milligram when combined with 100 grams of curd protein increases to 3 grams there is a hundred times rise in calcium content similarly cooked rice with half bowl kidney beans curry will have four times more protein half bowl of kidney beans curry will have 30 grams of kidney beans fiber will increase to 7 grams and iron to 2 milligrams when combined with half bowl of fish curry protein increases from 2 to 24 grams half bowl fish curry will have 100 grams of fish or two small pieces it increases calcium from 2 to 45 milligrams similarly half bowl of prawns curry increases protein from 2 to 16 grams half bowl of prawns curry will have 50 grams or 3 to 4 pieces of prawns calcium increases to 47 milligrams from 2 milligrams half bowl of lentils with cooked rice increases protein up to 6 times half bowl lentils will have 30 grams of lentils fiber increases to 11 grams and iron to 2 milligrams now I will tell you the nutritive value of one chapati made from wheat a 6 inch chapati has around 16 grams of carbohydrates and 3 grams of protein it has around 3 grams fiber 9 milligrams calcium and 1 milligram iron when consumed with two scrambled eggs the protein increases to 16 grams iron improves to 3 milligrams and calcium to 69 milligrams chapati with half bowl of Bengal gram curry raises protein from 3 grams to 9 grams half bowl of Bengal gram curry will have 30 grams of Bengal gram fiber increases to 11 grams and iron to 5 milligrams let us now see the nutritive value of chapati with sesame and flax seed chutney one tablespoon sesame and flax seed chutney increases the protein to 7 grams it increases the fiber to 8 grams there is a hundred times rise in calcium half bowl of goat liver curry with chapati increases the iron content by 6 times half bowl of liver curry will have 60 to 70 grams of goat liver the protein increases to 20 times we will now look at the nutrient count of idli 3 idlies of 3 inches has 18 grams of carbohydrates and 3 grams of protein they have 2 grams fiber 7 milligrams calcium and 0.5 milligram iron let us see how sambar and sesame peanut chutney improves the nutrient count half bowl of thick sambar will have 30 grams of split pigeon pea half medium bowl of thick sambar with idli doubles the protein content it increases calcium by 30 times one tablespoon sesame peanut chutney increases protein to 7 grams it improves the calcium to 44 milligrams next we will look at the nutrient count of dosa one dosa of 6 inches has around 18 grams of carbohydrates and 3 grams of protein it has 2 grams fiber 9 milligrams calcium and 0.6 milligram iron adding one egg while making dosa increases protein by 4.5 times it improves iron to 1 milligram eating dosa with half bowl chicken curry increases protein to 21 grams half bowl chicken curry will have 100 grams of boneless chicken or four small pieces one tablespoon sesame peanut chutney increases protein to 7 grams it also increases calcium from 9 to 108 milligrams next is the nutrient count of upma half bowl of upma has around 18 grams carbohydrates and 4 grams protein it has 3 grams of fiber 12 milligrams calcium and 1 milligram iron on combining with one tablespoon coconut curd chutney fiber increases to 6 grams protein increases to 7 grams calcium increases to 42 milligrams one tablespoon sesame peanut chutney with upma increases the protein to 7 grams it improves fiber to 5 grams the calcium increases by 90 times one glass of lassi with a pinch of salt increases the protein to 7 grams one glass lassi will have 50 grams curd calcium increases to 131 milligrams moving on to the nutrient count of sorghum roti a 6 inch sorghum roti has 17 grams of carbohydrates and 3 grams of protein it has 3 grams of fiber 8 milligrams of calcium and 1 milligram of iron let us see the nutritive value of sorghum roti with sesame and flax seed chutney one tablespoon sesame and flax seed chutney raises calcium to 123 milligrams there is an increase in fiber up to 6 grams sorghum roti with half bowl chicken curry improves the protein to 21 grams recipes for most of these food items are discussed in other tutorials it is advised to combine two or three food groups in a meal combine seeds nuts and beans in a meal to improve the nutritional quality for example adding seeds and coconut paste to chickpea curry adding roasted seeds powder in idly batter is another example it is also advised to apply curd or lemon to non vegetarian food it adds flavor and makes the meat tender it is also suggested to include lassi or buttermilk with your meals this will enhance probiotics protein and calcium in your meals it also aids in digestion this brings us to the end of this tutorial thanks for joining


Thank you very much, dear Marcos, for your great presentation and in the meanwhile we already collected questions from our audience and our colleague Abraham is sharing on the screen, shall we go one by one? The first one is from Ms. Thuy Nguyen or Thuy Nguyen. Why do the micro pollutants raise a problem that needed to be addressed when concerning all pollutants to be removed? Well, thank you for the question. That's a good question you posed. What I mentioned is that we are being pressured by the reality. Now we are discovering problems that we were not able to discover before because in the laboratory, the analytical equipment are now, we only were concerned about milligrams per liter, then micrograms per liter, nanograms per liter. And then many developed countries or high income countries, they are addressing pollutants, but it's not a consensus. Even in their case, they are now concerned about pollutants. We are not sure what's the best treatment process, how to remove the micro, these micro pollutants, endocrine disruptors, personal hygiene care, antibiotics, and so on and so on. So this is a huge list of problems that we received. We, low and middle income countries, and how to solve this. I think we need to be concerned about them, but they should not be our priority. If we are not removing well organic matter, if we are not removing, if required pathogenic organisms or if required nitrogen and phosphorus, I think this should be one of the steps we should face later on, but we cannot mix everything together. Thank you. Let us move to the next one from Calle or say about the question concerns the system of wastewater stabilization points and the construct red lens. It observed that these systems are not very good, have low nutrient removal efficiency. Doesn't mean that these methods are not favorable for nutrient removal. If yes, then what methods can be suggested for efficient nutrient removal. Okay, Calle. Thank you for your question. It seems to be a bit disappointing when we say, well, okay, either ponds or wetlands, they don't perform well in terms of reaching high removal efficiencies for nitrogen and phosphorus. I think it's even more disappointing when we think in terms of wetlands, constructed wetlands, because we have the expectation that, okay, we have plants, and the plants they will absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in order to produce their biomass, the plant biomass. Okay, they do this, but the applied load, we apply a certain load of nitrogen, a certain load of phosphorus per square meter, for instance, grams per square meter per day, the applied loads are much higher than the uptake that the plants can achieve. So typically they would achieve, I would say, 7% of the nitrogen and phosphorus could be removed by plant uptake. Okay, five, six, seven, eight, 10%. Okay, we could reach very high removal efficiencies if we adopted very large areas, very, very large areas, in other words, more plants, then we would balance what has been provided, so the input load and the output from the uptake. But this is not practical because this would take huge areas, and in terms of stabilization points, the only one I think it has been shown to perform well is maturation points, shallow maturation points, many simultaneous mechanisms working together. I could think of that's algal removal, algae removing nitrogen and phosphorus, it also happens, but the discussion is similar to the discussion we had with the plants. Okay, so what method can be suggested for efficient nutrient removal. I think those I showed to you in the photographs, if we need to achieve high ammonia removal or high total nitrogen removal, high total phosphorus removal, we showed you some of the possibilities, but then not necessarily incorporating only natural treatment processes. Okay. Yes, thank you very much. Let's move to the next one from Arnold Esimwe. He asked about, do we have international design parameters for sewage treatment plants? Well, yes, we do. And it depends on the treatment process. So each of the major treatment process, they have, well, they have national standards or guidelines or norms. In some countries, they have even each state has their own guidelines or norms. In terms of international standards, we have, it's difficult to have international standards. If you think in terms of European community, you could have one legislation, but we have in most of the cases guidelines because each country would accept or not. But I emphasize that I think when we are designing something, we should not use only the national standards if they are available. We should use the most recent available literature. So the publications, because things change relatively quickly, new processes appear or processes are improved. So what I like to do is I design according to the best available literature, and then I check with the standards. If I need something here, in terms of Brazil, I check with the standards. Okay, but then come as final comment to our question. Yes, for instance, in Germany, they have the German standards, many, many German standards for different treatment process. You just follow these standards and many countries have something similar to that. Yeah, great. Let us move to the next question. And in the meantime, I would ask Abraham to share the screen of questions again. The next one is about the, do we have standards for effluent? Could you share some standards for developing countries? Yeah, effluent for developing countries. Okay. Oh, this is such a polemical issue. As I was telling many countries, they just copy the international standards or, I would say, standards from some countries, and when it comes to their own countries, they are not applicable anymore. They just remain in the legislation as a written piece, but not achieved in practice. So it is very frustrating to think I will use the most advanced standards, discharge standards, so effluent quality required, because I want to improve the environment. That's a good pathway, but we should not put unachievable, unaffordable requirements, because otherwise they would not be complied with. And this will be generated frustration and a discredit towards achieving the standards. So for developing countries, I think in one of my books, I make a suggestion here of discharge standards in terms of BOD, I think they should be lower than those, of course, adopted by the European community. BOD or COD, I think nitrogen and phosphorus should be used only if you are discharged in sensitive water bodies, subject, for instance, to eutrophication, because if we specify nitrogen and phosphorus removal as a requirement for all treatment plants, we will not be able to comply with this. With pathogen removal, it can be discussed, it could be adopted, but anyway, it will also be difficult because for us to achieve good pathogen removal, in most of the cases we need to have a very good suspended solids removal and organic matter removal. We need to improve the efficiency or achieve high removal efficiencies in terms of organic matter and suspended solids in order to adopt disinfection. But as I told you, we cannot use maturation plants. But this is a good question, it's subject to so much controversy in the countries in Brazil here. In my state, we are discussing an updating of our discharge standards and you can imagine there are pressures from various sites and you have to come to a negotiating table and there's no straight answer, final answer to this very important question. Thank you. Next question is from Samir, who is facing problem with uncontrolled forming at STPs in the US-USB reactors. What are the courses and possible control measures for that problem? Okay, Samir, USB reactors, so we could think in terms of SCUM formation, so the SCUM, which is bacterial growth together with some fats and grease which float and they tend to cover the upper part of USB reactors. So we could call foaming, but we could think in terms of foaming also relates to detergent, then so active agents. Okay, so let's discuss the two of them. So if you're thinking in terms of detergent removal, anaerobic process are not efficient for that. You need an aerobic stage in order to achieve foaming removal, detergent, then so active agents. Okay, if we are discussing about SCUM, and that's a major problem because the SCUM can build up inside the USB reactor, which is a closed reactor. Sometimes it can even destroy the tri-phase separator, the gas-liquid-solid-phase separator. I have a colleague, Carlos Chenisharo, you saw his name in one of the books. He's one of our experts in anaerobic treatment. He's studying a lot how to do automatic removal of the SCUM because it's not simple to remove the SCUM just by a hose. Open a gate, the SCUM will not move towards the gate or the valve. Just go with a hose. If you have a large reactor, it won't be feasible. So how to do this removal on a hydraulic base? It would be difficult to explain here, but there are some possibilities, yes. Okay. Yes, thank you very much. The next question is from Abdul Rashid from Afghanistan. In the context of a low-income country, what kind of waste water treatment process is good for Afghanistan? Well, Abdul, I think the best answer would be, we need to do, in all cases, a good study of the local conditions because even for Afghanistan as a whole, I don't think we should make a generalization. If you're thinking in terms of large cities or small communities, if you have land available, if you do not have land available, so if you need to achieve a high removal efficiency because you are discharging in some places or if you don't need such a high removal efficiency. So I think all the discussion we had here in all the treatment processes here could be used for Afghanistan. Of course, you have to check about climatic conditions because some of them are very influenced, especially the natural treatment process are very dependent on climatic conditions, bonds very much and also wetlands. And before we move to the next question, I forgot to mention about another thing we have to think the next generation, I would say, is resource recovery. In my presentation, I'm only talking about removing, removing, removing. But in many cases, we should not think of everything as pollutants, they are resources that can be removed. But this is another discussion, but I think we should prepare to this change of view. Yeah. Thank you very much. Let us move on to the next one of Rabia Khatoum. Is there any suggestion for sewage treatment in a crisis affected high density area? In this case, the Rohingya camps in Bangladesh. Okay, Robert, your question is very good. And I can say that IET Delft is working and has worked a lot with this. So they have a group of people, Professor Damir is working a lot about emergency situations, crisis refugee camps and provisional people living under many conditions. We have to think initially in terms of the wastewater, how it will be collected. So we will use toilets to use good toilets to give them to the people a dignity when they go to the toilets. So the first interface is very important to have good toilets and people to use. I don't think in an emergency situation that will be used only for some months that biological treatment processes would be a good solution because biological treatment process they take sometimes some months in order for the bacteria to grow for the biomass to grow. And then in most cases you could use a physical or physical chemical treatment because it's fast you add some product and then you get the removal. But I think and then you produce the sludge. What to do with the sludge. But anyway, I refer you back to the superb productions that IET has done in terms of this emergency situation camps. Thank you. The next one is from Alex Campell. The question is, the professor mentioned management of treatment plans as a major issue. It is great to discuss the technology, but then separating management from a technology discussion is perhaps part of the issue with sustainability of all types of treatment plans around the world. Could you comment on that? Yes, Alex. That's a very important point. So in my presentation, I was able to cover only technologies. Okay, for each technology, when I discussed about applicability, in a certain way was discussing about management, but we cannot separate both. And the point I made at the very beginning is that sometimes we engineers, for instance, I'm an engineer and then many engineers think, okay, I have the best solution, I will use the solution, I will provide this. And we do not take into account the wishes of the populations, especially in small communities if you're applying a solution for small communities. Who will operate the treatment plant? Is it well guaranteed because they can put a very good treatment process activated sludge superb. Are we able to operate it? Do we have enough energy? And so on. Because if you apply a treatment process that is not able to achieve the performance on the long run, it is not sustainable. Even some treatment process that today I said, well, they are natural treatment process we could think, okay, they are sustainable treatment process, wetlands people tend to say, wetlands are sustainable treatment process because we involve plants. But if they are not designed and controlled well, for instance, if they clog very quickly, and then this wastewater starts to run on the surface, they are not sustainable anymore because they lost one of the main characteristics. So that's why we have to think a lot in terms of sustainable, in terms of operation, capacity building of the operational staff and doing also good designs that give flexibility for the operation. That's essential. Otherwise, we will not be able to tackle this. Thank you, Marcos. I move to the next one from Anderra Miki Ruka. The question concerns the sustainability. How best can we ensure sustainability of wastewater treatment plants in developing countries, given that most of these plants work well in the initial stage, followed by slow but then systematic collapse. Again, I think Anderra, the discussion is similar to the one we have just had. So I think we need to invest well in operation, not only in capacity building of the operational staff, but also if we have mechanical equipment in our treatment plant, we need to have spare parts. We need to give a preventive maintenance on all the equipment, because otherwise simple things like if a pump breaks, okay, I have a second pump, a spare pump, but if the second spare pump breaks again, okay, you have a collapse in your treatment plant. So we need a good structure, because all the treatment processes I showed to you and we discussed are able to give the performance according to their applicability range. They cannot give a very high performance, because they release algae in the effluent, okay, so the removal efficiency decreases. But in all of them, we are able to keep with the expected range, but we need to do things well. As I said, if a wetland is completely clogged, okay, it will not operate well. It's a robust treatment process. You can still keep the removal efficiency, but you can have problems with mosquitoes, bad smell, if you're having surface flow in your treatment wetland. So invest in preventive maintenance, capacity building, spare parts and so on. Thank you very much, Marcos. So far it has been very nice, the interaction between you. I have just a practical question. Is it okay to go on for another 10 minutes to address the questions? For me, it's a pleasure. I'm a big... Great, yeah. Let us continue then. It's great. The next question is from Remy. Usually in developing countries, we don't have a sewage network, but rather have a cesspool emptier. Lawies that collect wastewater and dump it in the treatment plants, therefore the system don't have a continuous inflow of wastewater. So in that case, which system do you recommend? Yes, you're right.  In this case, for instance, if we think in terms of septic tanks, we have a small removal from the liquid fraction, but then we build up sludge. And I think you're referring mainly to the sludge that is produced in this type of solution. So it needs to be collected, transported, as you said by Lawies, and it needs to be treated. In many cases, you do not have a sewage treatment plant in which you can discharge your sludge. If you do have, okay, it's always good to have a receiving tank. You receive the septic tank sludge, and then you discharge. You are able to discharge this on a trunk-by-trunk basis. You can pump it to your treatment plant, for instance, on a continuous base. The Lawies are arriving on an intermediate basis, but you store this in a receiving tank, and then you pump into your treatment plant in order to decrease the loads. But of course, you need to analyze well the treatment process you have because you cannot overload your treatment plant. Otherwise, your treatment plant will be overloaded, and as we were discussing, the removal efficiency will go down, you have bad smells. And also, natural treatment process are a possibility here, especially because they are very large reactors, so they have a very good buffer capacity to receive the individual loads. So it's common in many cases for this septic tank sludge to be discharged in systems with stabilization bonds, okay? And also, I should mention that we have constructed wetlands, especially dedicated to sludge. They are very good, very important. I saw that Lydia Strunder is one of the participants here. You should check the book she has written with Damir and Maritza. It's on the management of sludge from septic tanks as a superb book. There you will find very good indications how to do it. So thanks, Linda, for being around in the participant list here. Thank you, Marcos. Let us move on to the next question with Vilja Ando-Yonko. The question is, how do we maintain efficiency as a plant's uptake of nutrients? What will happen to effluent quality when the plants decay? Doesn't it produce lignin and release it back into the nutrients? Okay, you are right. So if we're talking about wetlands, constructed wetlands, we need to do management with our plants because they grow and they need to be cut from time to time. How frequently? It depends on the plant species you are using. Sometimes you have to cut, you don't cut the whole plant. It's not a pruning, it's really a cutting. You cut it from the stem, you leave for instance 20 centimeters of stem above the surface of the wetland. If you are aiming at increasing your nutrient removal, you should not wait for the plants to grow and start what we call the senescence when they reach the highest height and then they start to decay. If you cut more frequently when the plants are in their growing stage, at this time is when they uptake the highest rate of nutrients. So if you are able to cut more frequently and keeps the plants always in the growing stage, you will be able to upgrade your removal efficiency. But still it will not be high unless you have very, very large wetlands as we discussed. In other words, you apply very low loading rates and you are right. If you just cut the plants and you allow the plants to remain there, they will release. Whatever they have uptaken, they will release. So you need to cut the plants and take out from the wetlands. It is very good if you can use them on a productive basis, either under controlled conditions for composting and giving to cattle or for other purposes. That would be the best possibility. Thank you. The next two questions which I would love to combine is relating to temperature. The first one is from Mona. She asks, which strategy do you suggest for cold water? And the other one is from Pamela Seron. She says, now consider the fluctuation in the temperature that occurs in warm climate reasons. Do you share any insight on the effect of temperature on removal efficiency on natural systems? Thanks, yes. Very important. So if we have consistently low temperatures, I think the natural treatment process will suffer from this because, okay, in some cases they can be applied. I told you that there are 3,000 stabilization points in France, 8,000 in the United States, but it's not the best possibility for them. Okay, they can be adopted, but they will use much larger areas for treating the same flow or the same load if you had warmer temperatures. Okay, for instance, in France, the stabilization points, the facultative points there, they use, I would say, three to four times the area we could use here in my region. That makes a lot of difference. And then if you have consistently cold water, you could apply treatment process that depend less on climatic conditions. Typically, they're more compact systems. The anaerobic reactors, I told you, are not a good suggestion. They depend on good climatic conditions. So that's why they are being widely adopted here in Brazil. But you still have activated sludge. You can have even more sophisticated things like membrane bioreactors and so on. Okay. And then the comment from Pamela was, okay, but if your temperature fluctuates, usually we design a natural treatment process based on the more adverse temperature conditions. For instance, what is the mean temperature in the coldest month? And then we take this temperature and then we design our, we specify the loading rates that should be applied. In other words, we calculate the required area or volume, meaning that they should work well during the winter months. In the summer months, it is expected that they should perform even better. But you have very wide temperature variations. And if your winter is long and very cold temperatures, I think the comments I made to the question of Mona should apply. You should, okay, I will use more compact or intensive systems that depend less on climatic conditions. I have iration. I can control my iration. I have recirculation. I can control my recirculation, the wastage of sludge and so on. Thank you, Marcos. And the next question is from a colleague from my company GTEC IGIP. The question is how to set up a tariff structure to cover coast for sewage treatment with a small community which cannot be afforded by inhabitants. Well, thanks for the question. And very important. I think this is one of the management questions we were discussing. Many small populations, okay, the whole sanitation infrastructure is not cheap. It's relatively expensive and people cannot afford, could not afford. I think the solution is to have things on a, how do you call it in English? Anyway, we call here as a cross subsidy. The provider of the sanitation service operates in a city which is larger and it can have profits in this larger city and the profits are used to cover the deficit in small populations. Otherwise, it will be a problem. So this is something that has been very much discussed here in Brazil because in Brazil, last two years ago, we opened the way to privatization of the water treatment of water supply and waste water collection and treatment. Today it's fair. Any private service provider can do a very good job. But if you open to the private sector, only the best cities, the ones in which they will have profit, what about these small cities if they are left over? You can have, you need to put everything together. If someone is going to operate a profitable city, this company should also operate the non profitable cities. Otherwise, you cannot pass this on to the tariff scheme because the population will not be able to afford it. Great. Let us move down, Abraham. Thank you. We have the next question from Shalongo Angula. What are the possible and practical resource recovery interventions that can be introduced in sewage treatment? Or is resource recovery still far first in low and middle income countries? Well, Shalongo, that's also an important question and almost a comment you made. I think resource recovery is very important and the resource recovery possibilities are very much dependent on the treatment process you will apply. If you apply activated sludge, you can recover phosphorus, for instance, from the sludge treatment line. It's a small flow. You can make a precipitation of phosphorus recovering as it's too wide, for instance, and then use the phosphorus. Sludge. Sludge is one possibility. Now for different treatment process, you need to treat well sludge and what to do with sludge. You can, if you have a thermal treatment, you can even use, if you have an anaerobic reactor, the biogas from the anaerobic reactor or anaerobic stage for sludge treatment can be used for thermal treatment of the sludge. And sludge can be used as soil conditioner. But an important question you made and I tend to agree with you that the resource recovery cannot be more complex than the treatment process itself. If we are talking about saying that, okay, we have management issues. Sometimes the operation or the maintenance is not adequate. And if we have a failure in our treatment process, because we are not operating well, what if we put a resource recovery, which is even more complex, and it's not well maintained and operated. It will generate the same type of frustration. So things need to be very well thought. So there are several possibilities for resource recovery. Some of them are not simple. If we are thinking in terms of simple things, for instance, just using the effluent producers from a treatment plant for irrigation purposes, it's a superb possibility. So, especially if you incorporate maturation ponds, and then the effluent, as we discussed very low pathogen concentrations, it can be used for irrigation, either restricted irrigation or unrestricted irrigation. This is one possibility. But again, management issues, because this wastewater needs to be transported in the site in which it will be applied for irrigation. We have guidelines from the World Health Organization for this type of use, wastewater use, and several countries have their own specific standards for that. United States or even some states, California has their own standards. Israel, Israel uses a lot. Most of the wastewater produced is used on the agriculture, which is very, very important for the Israeli practice. Okay. Yes. I noticed that we are going over time, but I see that people really appreciate your wisdom, Marcos. So let us take the last two questions. The next one is from Kumudini. Selection of technology should take into account the capacities on operation and maintenance of the systems. He would appreciate it if you could share opinions on the aspect of the technology presented. Yes, I totally agree with you. And I think the technologies I presented, they are less intensive in terms of operational requirements. I could make a general generalization that the natural extensive treatment process, they required very simple operation. As a matter of fact, they required more maintenance than operation, maintenance of the preliminary treatment of the pumps, cutting the plants as we discussed. But this is simple. This can be done without much complexity, and this can be sustainable on the long run. If we apply more sophisticated treatment processes, they are excellent, activated sludge is excellent, but you cannot apply an activated sludge treatment plant if you're not sure about exactly what we wrote. I'm looking here at the screen. Capacity on operation and maintenance of the system. Otherwise, there will be a lot of frustration. One year after you started up your treatment plant, performance will decrease and decrease, eventually collapsed, and it will be left without operation. Then we need to guarantee, and I think each treatment process has its own requirements, but as a generalization, the natural treatment process are much simpler to operate, but they require much more area. Well, each case is site specific. Thank you. Let us go to the last question by Ahtmoud. How can climate change be integrated in improvement of sewage treatment plants to improve efficiency, especially in low income communities? Good point, Arnold. Yes, I do think we need to incorporate this in the design. Some design criteria are based on temperatures, and then we have to be able to forecast more or less what will be the temperature in the next years. I think this is still complex. We need, we could incorporate some safety in our designs, but we have to be careful when incorporating safety because we cannot incorporate safety in one aspect here, climatic conditions. Also, we need to do a population forecast. What will be the population after 20 or 30 years of operation? Because my treatment plant needs to be designed for a future population, and then we can incorporate a safety here, a safety there. If we start incorporating safety in so many aspects, we start to increase and increase and increase our treatment plant, and then the costs will be larger. So it depends very much on the experience, on the common sense of the designer together with the people who will operate and also flexibility should be incorporated because at the operating stage, it's always good when the operator is able to change something, to change, to implement one recirculation, to change the applied load, to divert to another unit. So flexibility will help if we have the problems you mentioned, but it's something more difficult to implement for sure. I'm not entirely right. There is a lot of discussion on global warming and the impacts in terms of water supply, water availability, water scarcity, and also in terms of, not only on treatment, also in terms of the receiving water body. What in terms of the receiving water body, in terms of the dilution of the self purification capacity of the receiving river or lake? Thank you very much, Markus. I think with that we would happily conclude the Q&A session. On behalf also of all the participants, we would like to thank you very much for your highly informative and inspiring talk. As much as all of the participants, we really appreciate your energy, enthusiasm, but also the wisdom of the talk and also the Q&A session today. We'd like to wish you a lot of health and joy in continuing your great work. I would also like to thank our participants very much for your kind attention and interactions. We will keep you all posted about the upcoming webinars, podcasts, and blog articles within this initiative between IHE Delft and the Water Channel. For all the details, please access the web page on www.thewaterchannel.tv. IHE. We do hope to keep in touch with you and wishing you all the best. And with this, I would like to close today's webinar session. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. All the best for all of you. It has really been a pleasure. So I'm really, really very happy and I wish you all the success.


Powered industrial trucks are rugged tools used to push, pull, carry, lift and stack materials. These machines include the tractors that pull luggage carts at airports, the all-terrain reach trucks operated on construction sites, and of course forklifts. All of these vehicles save us time, money and effort, but if they are not used correctly or maintained properly, they can be dangerous. OSHA's Powered Industrial Truck Standard covers how to work safely with these machines. One of the most significant parts of the regulation deals with training. Before you can use any type of powered industrial truck, OSHA requires that you be fully trained, evaluated and certified by a competent instructor. Your certification process includes instruction on safety procedures and training on how to operate the industrial trucks that you will be using. You will also have supervised driving practice. Your knowledge and ability will be re-evaluated at least once every three years. If necessary, you will undergo retraining at this time. OSHA also requires training anytime you are observed being unsafe. Have a close call or are involved in an accident. In addition, retraining is required whenever there is a change in your workplace that may affect your ability to operate a powered industrial truck safely.


Welcome back to my channel and welcome. If you're new here, my name is Jen And I am a certified weight loss and nutrition coach, and I am on the my WW blue plan today I have a what I eat in a day on WW. I'm going to take you with me throughout the entire day today I normally do these videos on Sundays, but Sunday was crazy for me So I decided to take you along with me today Monday. We have a pretty past busy schedule today We have lots of work to do so it's going to be a fun and exciting day I'm going to show you all my food. We're gonna have a fantastic dinner recipe and of course the saloon Lola will make their appearances as well So if you're new to my channel, I'd love for you to stick around and subscribe Hit the little bell next to it so you're notified whenever new videos are uploaded You don't want to miss out give this video a thumbs up if you love what I eat It is and make sure that you're checking out that description box down below Where you're going to find my nutrition coaching website. There is something there for everyone I highly recommend that I figure your macros calories and work with you on your WW points That is one service. I would take full advantage of I have one-on-one coaching group coaching you name it We have it so check out my nutrition website You're also going to find links and discount codes to my favorite things Including a lot of the items that I shared with you today and a link to head over and join me over on Facebook So come on over and join the wonderful amazing supportive community over there So without further ado, let's jump into what I ate it a on WW good morning guys as you saw I headed out I went and uploaded my meal prep for today.  So I did that this morning now I'm headed back I'm going to take my greens and I'm going to have some breakfast and today is a clean the house and a work day So I have lots and lots going on today. So welcome to the vlog So I am working away, but I am going to have some breakfast So this is my breakfast hash that I made in meal prep if you guys have not seen Monday's meal prep video If you love fall recipes fall vibes, you definitely have to check this out This hash is so delicious. So so good super low points low calories But nice and hearty because you have potatoes eggs bacon all the goodness all the comfort food And then I'm just having a bag here of some grapes and blueberries as a fruit And of course, I'm working on water. Look at that. You guys it's halfway gone the one I just filled up So this is going to be this morning's breakfast. Look, what's here one of my favorite times every two weeks My imperfect foods box you guys always like seeing what I picked up I found some great things in this imperfect foods box. So let me show you what I got for the next two weeks So first I grabbed some grapes. They have such Fantastic prices on organic produce all organic produce especially grapes because grapes are expensive and these ones are so good They're nice and crispy as grapes should be. I also grabbed some green onions They truly have the best quality organic green onions and then look at this you guys you guys know My love for partake cookies they had partake. I was so excited. These are the chocolate chip soft baked cookies They're only two points per cookie nice clean ingredients. They are gluten-free if you do follow gluten-free lifestyle They are gluten-free. They're vegan. They're so good and they were $1.50 less per box than what I pay at Target So of course, I had to grab those you guys saw me haul these chips in a grocery haul not too long ago These were $1 25 a bag less than my natural grocers or my healthy food store that I bought them at these are the Boulder Canyon avocado oil classic sea salt chips. These are incredible. They're rich like ruffles They're so good and literally all it is is potatoes salt and avocado oil So clean clean ingredients I also picked up some Zucchinis and literally you guys for being in perfect produce the produce is absolutely gorgeous So I got one and I think two.  This one is Huge so this is an organic onion I do buy all of my produce organic and this was kind of exciting I've actually never bought a dragon fruit, so I need to figure out how to cut it up But isn't it pretty I know it has a white and black inside So I thought this would be kind of fun just to have a kind of new Fresh fruit on hand and everything else came in this nice refrigerated bag with a freezer pack So they definitely package everything really well so it doesn't spoil So it looks like they went ahead and threw my pears in there. I did buy three organic pears There's the third guy. Those look really good. I love pears and also in the bag are my baby carrots So we're gonna do a pot roast and these organic rainbow carrots are just so cute everything is so affordable and then Lastly in here. Oh exciting is parmesan the parmesan cheese through imperfect produce or imperfect foods was cheaper than Walmart, so that's everything in my imperfect foods box. I'm excited about these carrots the partake cookies Well, hello great pears. I'm excited to try this dragon fruit if you're interested in imperfect foods I do have a link down below $10 worth of free products of your choice. They have no minimum order So that's what's amazing is you can order your $10 free pay the little bit of shipping and you've got $10 with a free product But I love them they package everything so well again. They have these nice bags with the freezer pack It's just such a great company helps eliminate food waste Definitely check it out and pick up imperfect foods for your family. So before I start cleaning laundry I just had breakfast. I am going to cut up some fruit and prepare my fruit for the week This is something I either do on Sunday or Monday, but yesterday was insane busy for me That's why I didn't fill my what I eat in a day So I'm going to prep myself for success So I get my fruits in and I'm gonna chop up my last watermelon of the season I'm sure this is going to be the last one and then I did get this dragon fruit in my imperfect foods box You will see that haul here shortly So excited for that and then when I was at Costco picking up the items for the celebration of life I grabbed some organic raspberries for us. So I'm gonna pop the raspberries in my little container I also grabbed these at Costco a while ago I love them and then we'll put the watermelon in here and then the dragon fruit I think I'm just going to toss it in a bowl because I'm going to probably have this with lunch today So I'm gonna get my fruit chopped up. I just love how pretty dragon fruits are I had to show you guys before I sliced it all up.  So I did slice up that dragon fruit. I don't really like it by itself to be honest It's not sweet and kind of has a really earthy taste. So when I have it for lunch I'm gonna drizzle some lime juice over it and I'll let you guys know if I like it a little bit better But I did wash my raspberries and sliced up the glorious beautiful watermelon So I'm set for the week. What's going on outside that everyone in here is barking?   There you go. He's so cute All right time for water number two of the day and it is a little before nine So I am nailing the water. Of course, I'll link these two water bottles down below I got these on Amazon and they are awesome and they are so so inexpensive So highly recommend you guys know I put my water in the gallon the night before so it's nice and cold And then I keep it in the gallon in the fridge and then that's why I have this one I just fill it up to drink it. I like my water cold So that really works for me because that way it stays cold all day And then I make sure too that I'm drinking the entire gallon because this baby is gone by about two o'clock every day So you guys are in my Cabinet so welcome to my kitchen cabinet. I just really quick want to take my greens I get a lot of questions about my greens.  It is banana apple flavor Now I dry scoop these but you can also mix these into water whatever your preference is So it's that time of the morning taking my greens So that's it. I'll make sure if these are linked down below. I do have 10% off This is the same company since you're in my cabinet. I also take their calm egg Which is their calcium and magnesium? This is in the lemonade flavor So I highly recommend this for added calcium and magnesium This of course for greens and I also take the pre-workout and this is the pre-workout. This is my favorite flavor This is the pineapple banana.  I know it's kind of an odd snack, but I am literally obsessed with this dip I showed this dip in our camping vlog or Airbnb I picked it up at Fred and I are the first time and we literally love it so much and when I was at Costco For my mother-in-law service. I saw this and snagged it look how much we've eaten It's half gone already and I just bought this on Friday and it is Monday. It is Amazing it is so good. It has such good ingredients You can have two tablespoons, which is what I have here for one point. That's it It's got a little bit of protein because it is made with Greek yogurt Amazing and then I have one serving of the Sniders of Hanover butter snaps I actually got these at the dollar store a while ago and I just wanted to go ahead and finish them So it's three for the pretzels one for the dip four points. You guys not a lot of protein I will be adding some extra protein to lunch and my afternoon snack, but I really wanted this dip because like I said We're obsessed. All right lunch is served. I'm hungry. It's a little after 11. So I'm eating an early lunch I will definitely be having an afternoon snack if not to but I want to show you what I'm having for lunch So what's great about this what I eat in a day is it is meal prep addition So I had my meal prep for breakfast. This is my meal prep for lunch. This is my quinoa casserole You guys this is so Delicious it's so filling and satisfying it just screams fall and comfort food It's low point low calorie. It is so good. I can't wait to have this every day this week I actually had it yesterday on an off day because I like it so much So I'm going to have one serving of that I have 110 grams of my good culture cottage cheese That is three smart points 110 calories And I drizzled a lot of lime over this dragon fruit I don't know you guys if I like dragon fruit So I will put here on the screen what my thoughts are But this is a going to be my lunch points and calories are also here on the screen Bon appetit. All right 12 20 And the final Water to hit a gallon of today. This is super exciting. So now I can have a sparkling water and maybe a zivia And it isn't even full and while all my friends a gallon down again This bottle is linked down below fantastic price on amazon I recommend both so you can have a cold and one to drink out of I want to show you the bouquets that were brought to us this last saturday For my mother-in-law celebration of life. Her sister brought us this beautiful bouquet It's absolutely stunning.  It's just beautiful. I love the sunflowers The gladiolas and these beautiful roses. It's beautiful and then another family member So I guess it's troys Aunt by marriage she picked all of these beautiful flowers for us and brought them in this cute mason jar That she filled with water. It is so cute. She picked these out of their garden for us So we're just so touched to have these beautiful fresh flowers in our house and they're just both bouquets are absolutely Gorgeous mid-afternoon snack. I have not had kombucha today And i'm feeling it so i'm going to go ahead and have a bottle of kombucha That's three smart points and then i'm going to have a nyx sticks. I love these They are only two smart points. They have perfect ingredients and by the way, that's two points for bull sticks They have perfect ingredients and they have 10 grams of protein 75 calories. So this is my five point snack. I am going to have a protein shake I'm going to show you guys what I put in that a little bit later this afternoon, but this is kind of my post lunch pre-afternoon snack snack protein shake Smoothie time. So let me show you what I have here. This looks so good I know it's fall, but i'm wanting something tropical. So I have one cup of the great value unsweetened almond milk One smart point. I have one scoop of live well plant-based protein. This is in Coconut you already know this is my all-time favorite protein ever It is plant-based, but it does not taste plant-based. There's no chalkiness grittiness. It is smooth It is clean. It is the cleanest protein on the market hands down It has 17 grams of complete protein and 16 grams of amino acids and only three grams of natural sugar Literally the best tasting cleanest one of the lowest point protein powders out there You guys know my obsession with live well. I have every flavor They have vanilla chocolate coconut and unflavored the vanilla is one smart point per scoop The coconut chocolate and unflavored are two points Well worth it my friends well worth it and calorie wise is 97 calories per scoop And then I have half of a cup of this mango banana and strawberry blend This has been in my freezer for a while and I really wanted again that tropical vibe So I put in half of a cup of that. I do not count blended fruit. So this is three points. Let's blend it up And there's my smoothie. It is so good. It is tropical exactly what I wanted Definitely get your hands on live. Well, I do have 10 off. I will link that Down below in the description box. You guys will not be disappointed. It is the best cleanest protein I literally love it. So I'm going to enjoy my three smart point smoothie protein shake for dinner tonight I'm bringing you all the fall vibes because tomorrow Is the first day of fall. Well by the time you've seen this video It will be the day after the first day of fall So we are going to do a harvest chicken sheet pan dinner So let me show you what's in the harvest chicken sheet pan dinner First you're going to need apple cider vinegar minced garlic Dijon mustard and maple syrup chicken breast Oil of your choice. This is the chosen foods avocado oil salt and pepper I am going to be using the organic frozen butternut squash just to save On having to cut butternut squash or having it go bad really quickly I really like this frozen one because it lasts forever. You just throw it into your freezer Thought a little bit before cooking. So I'm going to use that whole bag I also have some brussel sprouts, which my husband won't eat, but I most definitely will So I'm also going to add a zucchini now This is not in the original recipe But because my husband won't eat brussel sprouts that way he's getting in a little more veggies too And we both absolutely love zucchini and then lastly you'll need some bacon So I'm using the Coleman natural. This is from imperfect foods There's a link down below for $10 worth of free groceries from imperfect foods Prevent food waste get great prices on awesome and greedy On awesome foods and produce and no minimum order. So take advantage of the free $10. So let's jump into making our harvest Chicken sheet pan dinner. So what I have here is the frozen butternut squash I have my chopped up zucchini. I cut them into pretty thick rounds So they would cook about the same as the brussel sprouts I cut the stems off and cut those in half. So I have a small Sheep pan here that is to put the bacon on we are going to actually cook the bacon separately than the veggies And then on my larger sheet pan here lined with parchment paper This is the one I'm actually going to put the veggies on so I'm just going to lay them in a row Starting with the brussel sprouts and then the squash and the zucchini My veggie sheet pan is so full Just due to me adding the zucchini isn't that beautiful. I'm going to actually pop my chicken On a separate quarter sheet pan with some parchment paper So I'm just going to dice this up and throw that on a separate baking sheet Kind of similar to what we did here with the bacon Now I'm going to make the sauce that is going to top the veggies and the chicken You can see I have the chicken all diced up here. So we're going to make it in the magic bullet You could use a blender an emulsifier You could use really anything you wanted you could just stir it up if you don't have any of those gadgets So in my magic bullet cup, I am going to do two tablespoons of maple syrup And I'm going to use the same tablespoon for everything Save on dishes. So two tablespoons of maple syrup One tablespoon of oil of your choice again, this is avocado oil And then one tablespoon of Dijon mustard. I am not going to measure it. I'm just going to kind of eyeball it This is one thing that doesn't really have calories or points And then I also need a tablespoon of apple cider vinegar A big scoop of garlic basically about four cloves worth of garlic And then some salt and pepper.  Oh my gosh, this is going to be So good and then all three of these sheet pans are going into the oven at 400 degrees until everything is cooked through the bacon The chicken and all the veggies So here is my dinner. This is the harvest chicken Sheet pan dinner. This looks delicious that entire recipe. So all three of those pans made four servings So it's seven smart points per serving on blue and purple And then it is nine points on green just because you have to count for the chicken and 277 calories But this is so good chicken bacon veggies very very well rounded fall dinner Well, here is my dessert tonight. I'm having the brand new smart sweets gummy worms. I love these. They're really good This entire pack is only three smart points I'm going to pop in a picture once I open it up and show you how many you get You get a lot of gummy worms for only three smart points. I really like them. They're really delicious strawberry pineapple blue raspberry cherry Peach and pink lemonade. So I love these you can pick these up off the smart sweets website my code here on the screen We'll get you 10 off in order of 30 or more. So pick these up. They are limited edition You can see they have halloween kind of pictures on them. So they are limited. So grab them while you can


So I think that information and education is extremely important. And the second important thing is the second opinion. I feel like some oncologist will take it personally, why patient is going down that route. However, I feel like patient is definitely going to get more educated with that. On top of that, I feel like I'm going to learn a thing or two, which I'm missing for this patient, which I can apply for the second one. But at the end of the day, at least the patient will be at much of an ease and comfortable if they come back after that second opinion. There's a teamwork where patients should feel that you are being in their passenger seat while the patient is being in the driver's seat. So that helps out and makes the patient and their family feel a lot at ease.


I'm excited for I'm excited for the matchup. Of course we push each other in college, you know So I'm just looking forward to the game To be honest we can just we control we can control You can't worry about all those so we can just focus on ourselves You know just being clean clean clean the routes everything, you know clean up the little small things the little details So, yeah Like I say routes details Etc. So how how anxious you think are guys to getting back on the field and kind of put You can put Sonny behind you but only to extend to your play again How sorry to thank God to get out there and prove.  So Before we even get to the get to the game on Sunday, we we trying to get the bad taste out of my today When you see DK do something like running down the guy after the turnover last year What do you think when you see a video like that? Your initial thoughts, um, it just it just shows this athleticism His won't to his will.  Why? Why wasn't the culture that we hear about all the president Sunday? Um, a Lot of things with a lot of things were happening a lot of things going on I can't like I said, I would not speak on somebody else or I only can speak on my guys and myself. So That's your perception you can say that No, we did not so Like I said, I would not speak on any anybody else other than my grouping and myself So I hope myself accountable first and yeah, we move forward


Hey guys welcome to SSUnitech, social this site and this is continuation of Power BI tutorial. So today we are going to see about the conditional columns. In the last video we have seen about the index columns and how we can create any new column that would be the index column. So it's time to conditional column. So go to Power BI desktop and see in the practical. So let's get started. So this is the table that is country sales and it is containing the data of the sales for multiple countries. So here we are having a column with the name of order quantity. So in the order quantity we can see we are having the multiple values like 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 something like this. So we just want to create one more column and that will indicate the status of the quantity like if order quantity is less than or equals to 5 then that should be low. If order quantity between 6 to 10 then that should be medium. If order quantity is more than 10 then that should be high. So we just want to create a conditional column for this. So how we can do this? So go to add column ribbon and here we can see this option is conditional column. So click on this and here we can specify the new column name. So I want to use it as status. Next what would be the column? So that is order quantity we need to select. What would be the operator? So less or equals to value should be 5. Then what we want to display? So we want to use as low. Add one more clause and this is for order quantity and this time it should be less than or equals to 10. Then status should be medium. After that add one more clause and here we can specify our third condition or we can directly specify this condition in S. So I am very happy to use in else. So delete this one and in else we can specify as high. If these two condition will not going to be satisfied then output should be high. Now we can click on OK. So here in the status as we can see we are having this low and if we can check over here then it should have high, low and medium. So high, low and medium. So let me filter for high and medium. So first two is medium then two is high. So go to on order quantity. So here as we can see 8 and 10 so these two are medium, 12 and 18 so these two is more than 10 so it is high. In the status we can see we are having this high. So I hope you have understand how we can create the conditional column. So thank you so much for watching this video. If you like this video please subscribe our channel to get many more videos. Don't forget to press the bell icon to get the notification of our newly uploaded videos. Thank you so much.


Hi and welcome to the session and Priyanka and let us discuss the following question it says in figure 7.49 angle B is less than angle A and angle C is less than angle D. Show that AD is less than BC. Now this is figure 7.49 which we need to refer for the above written question. It says that angle B is less than angle A and angle C is less than angle T. Now we need to show that AD is less than BC. So let us start with our solution. Angle B is less than angle A and angle C is less than angle D. This is given to us in the question. We need to prove or we need to show that AD is less than BC. Let us start with our proof. Now we are given that angle B is less than angle A. We can write that therefore OA is less than OP. Giving the reason that because sides opposite to greater angle is longer. So the side opposite to the greater angle that is angle A is OB. So therefore OB is greater than OA. Similarly angle C is less than angle T. So we can write therefore OD is less than OC. Now let this be the first equation and this be the second equation. On adding 1 and 2 we have OA plus OD is less than OB plus OC. Now as we can see OA plus OD will give us AD and OB plus OC will give us BC. So we can write that this implies that AD is less than BC. So this is what we need to hence showed that AD is less than BC. This completes the question that was given to us. I hope you enjoyed the session. Bye.