Hi everyone! Welcome back to my channel, Apple's NTRs. So today's video is super exciting because it is the 2019 TeacherTuber Secret Santa collaboration, OMG. You guys, for the last two years I have participated in this collaboration between myself and a few of my favorite favorite friends on YouTube, my TeacherTuber friends. So this year we have grown quite a bit. We have added a few more people to the roster, a few more people have decided to participate. So I'm going to link everybody's videos down below. If you guys don't know what the YouTube Secret Santa is, basically about 15 of us have collaborated together. We have sent out wish lists, we've filled out Google Docs, we've communicated, and we have traded names. Then we go out and shop for our Secret Santa. We send out our gifts and then we open them. They're supposed to be opened within a five-day span, but all of us cheat and we don't follow the rules. Basically the rules of the collaboration were you were supposed to give five gifts. The first gift is supposed to be a handwritten note, poem song dedication, or a movie dedication. So something really personal coming from your Secret Santa. Gift number two is supposed to be a unique snack from a country that you have visited. Gift number three is supposed to be either a podcast or a YouTube channel recommendation. Gift number four is supposed to be something from your classroom either used or brand new. And then gift number five is supposed to be a $25 gift that you choose for your Secret Santa. I definitely didn't follow the directions. I spent well over $25 on my gift five, but the person who I got definitely deserved it. And when you guys watch all of the videos, you will be able to find out who I was gifting. I'm not going to tell you in this video. I will share who received me, so who sent me this wonderful package. And so you'll have to watch the rest of the videos to find out who I sent my gift to. So I will link all of the channels down below and I will just really quickly read off all the names. Sorry, I'm going to be looking over here reading off all the names for you guys. So Darren Nakakihara actually puts this collab together every year. Thank you so much Darren for getting all of us together, making it a wonderful Christmas season for all of us and giving us something to look forward to and just a chance to kind of interact with each other even though we're so far away. So thank you Darren so much for that. We also have Megan from Too Cool for Middle School. We have the caffeinated classroom. Hi Marie, I'm so glad you're in this collab with us. We also have Kate the Sleepy Teacher. We have Jennifer from Genuine Teaching. That one happy classroom, Fernanda. I'm so glad you're part of this collab today. We have Smarty Style. We have Shelly from Early Adventures. We have Michelle Rose here on YouTube. We have Kim from Elementary in the Mitten. We've got CJ Reynolds from Real Wrap with Reynolds. We have Bridget from the Letter Classroom and finally Michelle from Pocket Full of Primary. So I'm going to go ahead and get into this box. So first of all it was on my doorstep this afternoon when I got home today is Tuesday December 10th. These were supposed to arrive December 8th. I sent mine out a little bit late and that's totally fine and this just arrived today. So it's no big deal. We're able to film and get it all done anyway. But I took a peek. I had my neighbor girls look at who it was from and I asked them to tell me is there a name on it? If there was I wasn't going to look. If there wasn't it was fine. I was going to peek. So I looked at the address and I'm not going to show it to you guys because my address is here and their address is here. But it says from Secret Santa and it's from a city in California. So using my inferencing skills and my detective skills I'm going to go ahead and just narrow it down to who it could be. It could be Darren, Akaki Hara, it could be Megan, Forbes, it could be Marie from the caffeinated classroom, it could be Kate the sleepy teacher, it's not going to be Jennifer, not going to be Fernanda, it could be Smartie style, it could be Shelly, it's got to be one of those people. So I'm going to just dig into this thing. I'm going to just cut this off and then I'll show you guys what's inside. I just destroyed your label. Okay so first thanks first. I'm opening the box and there's tissue paper inside. I'm just going to pull all of this out. Now keep in mind I'm a terrible rapper and I don't mean like because I'm a good rapper but I'm not a good present rapper. So whoever has mine, sorry for the boring rapping job. Okay so we've got some tissue paper in here and then we have a little package. I call it a pakaj. This is my pakaj. It's beautiful. Okay so gift number one first. Okay so whoever this is has beautiful handwriting so I'm guessing I'm getting some ideas here. Gift number one. Ooh there's a orange crayon mark on the back. Hmm must be an elementary school teacher. All right ooh and we have some colorful writing and also aka apples.  So that means that this narrows it down to Megan Forbes you're out. Smartie style you're out. It's either going to be Marie from the caffeinated classroom, Darren Nakakihara, Kate the sleepy teacher or Shelly from early adventures.  I don't think so. Charlotte aka apples. You've become a great friend since the day that we met. Our trip to Prescott, I knew it, is one that I'll never forget. I knew from day one that we would get along. I especially love when you break, broke out in song. I think I know who this is. Disney princess and teacher mom to cash too. He's so stinking cute despite covering the deck with his poo. I hope you have the best Christmas ever until our next squeeze. Love your friend forever. Okay I'm gonna narrow this down. Okay it's either Shelly or Marie and I know it's not Kate because I know who she got. So I think it's either Shelly or Marie and it's funny because Marie cleaned up poop off the deck so I'm wondering if it's Marie. I don't know. Oh I just have to keep looking and find out. Okay gift number two is this cute little package and it says a sweet treat from a continent I've been to. Okay that one was a tough gift because I've really only been to a few places so it was tough to pick something. Okay so this is European chocolates. Messy. Very good. Okay. Europe. So they've been to Europe. I don't know if Marie's been to Europe. Hmm this looks delicious. It looks like they have oh I'm gonna ruin the box right now you watch. Yep there it goes. Oh these are fancy. Okay chocolates from France. Gift number two. Gotcha. Okay looking for gift number three. This is a social media recommendation. Now the one that I gave my secret Santa was a very personal recommendation and there's a very specific reason why I gave the recommendation so you'll find out when you watch it but go follow. Her name handle is Amanda Muse. YouTube Amanda Muse. She's not a teacher but is a bad mom and woman who creates amazing content and keeps it 100 real. Knowing you you'll love her as much as I do.  Thank you I'm going to go and follow her right now. There is my phone. I'm gonna go do that right now. Oh okay this is what her profile looks like. Oh she does fitness. Fun. I love that. Okay I will have to go follow her um YouTube channel. Okay gift number four. Although it's not from my classroom I use them daily and you will love them. Gift number four. I think I know what they are and if I know yes they're my favorite I love Inkjoy gel pens. These are so my jam and now I'm totally gonna keep these here though because I have some in my classroom and I don't have any at home so I'm gonna keep these here to enjoy at home. Thank you secret Santa. Okay gift number five. It's pretty big and heavy oh my gosh okay I'm digging in. Tissue everywhere. Oh it smells good okay. Oh all the smells all the smells. No you did not use stinker pants. They didn't follow the rules like me. They cheated. Okay this is an Anastasia of Beverly Hills matte lipstick set excuse me while I cry. Oh my gosh I'm so excited. Thank you Santa. Secret Santa thank you. Okay I'm gonna just take a peek in here because I love me some makeup. Now I know it's not Kate but Kate would have sent me this too because she knows I love makeup. Oh these smell good okay that's pretty.  Okay these are beautiful. Thank you secret Santa. I'm gonna use the crud out of these. Okay what else is in here?  Another thing that smells oh this is what smells good in here. It's a lavender latte bar soap. Whoever sent me this knows I love taking baths and so they hit the jackpot with that. That smells amazing. Okay there's a couple more things in here. I'm making an inference it's a candle. I bet you it's a candle.  Yum. This says blessed on it and it totally matches my bedspread in my bedroom so guess where this cuteness is going in my bedroom. Okay this is the last thing in here. Oh my gosh I'm so excited. I'm totally gonna use one of these tonight. As soon as I'm done filming this I'm gonna go light this candle, pop one of these in the bathtub and then scrub myself with this soap. I can't use the makeup tonight but I'm totally using it tomorrow. So oh my gosh thank you secret Santa. Okay now I get to see who it is. So this little envelope is in here. It says open last. Who am I? Oh it's so tough. Merry Christmas. It was Shelley. I knew it. Guys it was so hard to pick between the two. I knew it was one of them. Merry Christmas. I can't wait to see you hopefully in the near future. I'll be calling you with mommy questions in the next few months. Love you Shelley. Oh Shelley girl I love you so much. Thank you for the sweet and thoughtful gifts. You know me girlfriend. This I can't wait to use it. Thank you Shelley so much from the bottom of my heart. You guys you can really tell who pays attention to your likes and dislikes and just is a genuine friend and Shelley is definitely a sweet and genuine friend. So I'm so glad. I really want to tell you guys who I shopped for but you're going to have to go and watch the rest of the videos to find out. I just had so much fun with this collab. I love gifting things and I love collaborating with my fellow teacher tubers. So if you guys are interested in seeing the rest of the videos go ahead and go down there. The links are going to be in the description box below. Again thank you so much to Darren for putting this collab together. Thank you to Shelley for shopping for me and thank you to all of you who are watching this holiday season. I hope you and yours are enjoying your special holiday season and if you're not already go ahead and hit the subscribe button here on my channel. Follow me on Instagram it's at Apples NTR as I post there every single day and I just love you guys so much and I'm so glad you're here and I hope you have a wonderful wonderful holiday season. Bye guys!


This is Ryan Davis. He goes by Zen Spider on the Internet. He founded Seattle R.B., maybe you've heard of it, written rather a lot of code. He is the author of RSpec, Test Unit, Tea Package, Maxi Test, which he loves. He advised me recently, and I think it's good advice to this day, to use structs for everything. Anytime I can use a struct, I should use a struct. I don't even really have to make objects at all anymore. I just, everything is struct in all of my applications. And that was Ryan Davis' advice, ladies and gentlemen. So you can look for Zen Spider's actual work on the Internet by looking up Zen Spider. And I present to you Ryan Davis, a round of applause, if you please. So since I'm last, I don't have to start the timer, right? They're all captive, right? Please start the timer. Starting the timer. So this is my first time here. Thank you very much for having me. I think this is a great conference. I want to thank Jonan, Kobe, Josh, and everyone else that's involved. I'm sure I'm missing a lot of names. So let's please give them a round of applause. And I want to thank all of you for sticking it out to the last talk. I know you're all more than a little bit drunk, and you've stuck it out through an entire day, and now you have to put up with me. So thank you very much. As said, I am the founder of CLRB. We just celebrated our 13-year anniversary last Saturday, and we've been meeting weekly for the last nine or so years. We don't have a date of when we actually started doing that, but that's our gig, and we really love it. So as I said, I'm going to be speaking about standing on the shoulder of giants. I'm all that you finish, but my talk at RubyConf Australia was the best talk ever. And the reason why that just happened was because I did the exact same thing to all of our Lacan at RubyConf because he gave a talk called Polishing Ruby, which is the title of my blog since 2005, and some people apparently took it seriously. So it wasn't serious, it was staged. So anyways, as I usually do, setting expectations. This is sort of a history talk, and that's not really something I'm into. It has very little code. It's an ideas-slash-survey talk, and it's basically about the things that I'm really enthusiastic about that's outside of Ruby that I think we should steal. But first, a quick little story. I was a T-Totaler for about 20 years, and I stopped drinking before it was actually legal for me to start Yale College until Madison Ruby of 2012, where Whiskey, Craig, and Cheese Lady. Jeannie Carpenter gave a whiskey and cheese pairing that was sublime. And I decided, why am I not drinking? I could drink the expensive stuff, and it'll moderate me anyways, and it'll work out. So thanks for ruining my liver. And on my current diet, my liver ain't got time to filter. Alcohol currently has about a 5x multiplier for me. So I'm a little toasty. Thanks Josh for the scotch. So please bear with me when I start this slur, if I'm not already. So, getting started. About 900 years ago, don't really know when, Bernard of Blah Blah said, we, meaning the moderns at the time, are like dwarves perched on the shoulders of giants, the ancients, and thus we are able to see more and farther than the latter. But and this is not at all because of our acuteness of our sight or our stature of our body, but because we are carried aloft and elevated, that's a weird font, by the magnitude of the giants. And then this butt head showed up about 500 years later and said, if I'd seen further, it is by standing on each shoulders of giants, and that is the correct spelling for the time, deal with it. So Zach, we all stole the title. But in other words, this is not a new concept at all, Newton was just iterating on a simple idea that every idea we've ever had builds upon the ideas before them. But that really begs the question, that when we created a language, why do we build it anew more often than not? But what does this have to do with Ruby? Well, everything, otherwise this talk could have been rejected. So while it's probably unnecessary, I'm going to give a quick summary of Ruby for the second comparison later on. So here's Ruby's features, it was created by Matts in 1993, it's an interpreted file based scripting system, purely object oriented, class based runtime, incredibly complex syntax and semantics, which is why we love it, some of us. It's got an extensive, fairly extensive class library, numeric tower, et cetera, and really it's designed and optimized for developer happiness, which is really why we love it. And just as a quick, basic example of Ruby, for comparison later on, here's Fibonacci, it's a simple recursive version, Fib, optimized entirely for line count, not for readability. So here's Ruby's history, and it's actually pre-readable if not fuzzy, and as you can see, there were four years between 1819, which I consider the golden era, and five more between 19 and 20, and basically what was going on there, I don't really know, but that's what it was. But the reality is that Ruby 1.0 shipped with almost everything you used today, as far as language features go, not as far as the class library goes. Not much has been added since 1.0, we've had private and protected scoping, was added almost immediately after 1.0, class variables in 1.6, which was about, I don't know, four weeks after I started Ruby in 2000, and we had encodings version 1.0 and 1.9, which I refused to acknowledge existed, and then it was fixed in 2.0 and actually works well. And then frilly syntactic sugar was added in 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, and 2.2. Ruby is a fantastic language. I love it, don't get me wrong, but it could be better. In my opinion, it's simply just not done yet, at least I hope it isn't. And it's done a terrific job of taking ideas from languages like Smalltalk, Lisp, and to an extent, Perl. But this is what I want sometime in the future. I want more Lisp in Smalltalk, hence the thicker lines, and I want new stuff from Self and a system called Colo, which probably no one has heard of, and I wouldn't mind de-emphasizing Perl a little bit more.  We have Smalltalk by LNK, Self by David Unger, Scheme and Racket by Guy Steele, Gerald Sussman, and Mattias Filiacin, and Funk slash Colo slash a lot of acronyms, again from LNK. And many more. I by no means imply that any of these people worked alone. They all had teams and they worked with a ton of people, I'm sure, but they are the figureheads, so to speak, of those projects, and that's why I represent them primarily. So let's start, shall we? Let's do basic introductions first. First up is Smalltalk. It's one of my first languages that I actually loved, and I cut my OOT-th on it. A not-so-brief summary to compare and contrast. In this case, Smalltalk's pretty similar to Ruby as far as the runtime goes, or I should say Ruby's actually pretty similar to Smalltalk, but totally different, nearly every other aspect. It's by LNK and Dan Ingalls at Xerox Park. It was created initially in 1972, publicly released in 1980. It is bytecode-compiled, but it's an image-based system, not file. It is purely object-oriented class-based runtime, which is exactly the same as Ruby. It's incredibly simple and clean syntax and semantics. It only has six keywords, and it only has four precedence levels, which is vastly different than what Ruby does. It's got a fully immersive development environment. It is an incubator for ideas. A lot of what we do today came from Smalltalk, including a lot of object orientation patterns, the entire pattern system started from Smalltalk, MVC, et cetera. It was way ahead of its time back then, and it still is in many ways. Here is an implementation of Fibonacci and Smalltalk. I've grayed out the pseudo syntax that really exists when you export Smalltalk to files. Since Smalltalk is image-based, you don't normally see that stuff. You only do that when you export it for the sake of schlepping it somewhere else. Otherwise, it's pretty readable to us Rubyists. You have the method signature. The carrot means return in Smalltalk. So you have self less than two. If that's true, evaluate to self. If false, evaluate to self minus one Fib plus self minus two Fib. Nothing interesting there. Next up is self, which most of you have probably never heard of. Has anyone heard of self? Language files, yay. So brief summary of self. It's by David Unger and Randall Smith. It was started at Xerox Park as almost everything was back in the day, but it was finished at Sun in 1987 the next year. It's bytecode compiled, jit-based, plus a jit, image-based file system, sorry, image-based system. There is no files other than the image itself. It's not really object-oriented, but it's classless, a.k.a. prototypes, runtime. And it's incredibly simple slash clean syntax and semantics, much like Smalltalks, actually almost exactly like Smalltalks. And the thing that just blows my mind is that the VM itself only has eight bytecodes. Eight. If you compare that to Ruby, I have no idea how many Ruby's has. Yeah, I'm not paying attention. We have a lot more than that, and most languages do. The book on the JVM is an inch and a quarter thick, and it's nothing but the instructions in the description of the architecture. It is a fully immersive development environment, much like Smalltalks. I will see differences in that later. And it's also an incubator for ideas. Partotyping really came from self. Java Hotspot was born here. A lot of things were born here. And it's kind of a shame that not more people have played with it. So looking at some code. The one thing of note here is that less than or equals to in self, they really mean it when they say that self is optional. So there's an implicit self on the left-hand side of that less than or equal to. Otherwise, it's almost exactly the same as the Smalltalk code, except that they use predecessor. And the self is also implied in the minus two as well. Which is bonkers, but it's kind of neat that they want that direction. OK, my current non-Ruby love is Rackett, which is a type of scheme. And I'll be doing a quick summary of both those things so that you kind of get kind of an idea of where we're coming from. So scheme was by Gerald Sussman and Guy Steele. It was started in 1975, and the work on it went through the mid-80s, I believe. It's a minimal variant of a lexically scoped lisp, which fixes a lot of the semantic problems that we have with the older lisp and with Common Lisp today. Lisp is a functional language based on lists as the main data structure, and it's innovation galore here. These guys came up with tail call optimization, the transparent numeric tower that we have in Ruby today, hygienic macros, first class continuations, and a lot, lot more. It could be an entire talk on its own. In comparison, Rackett is a maximal scheme. It's by Mattias Filiacin and the PLT cohort. It's a maximal variant of scheme. It has a huge, incredibly diverse library with lots of, like, graphic tools and all sorts of other stuff. It's fantastic to play in. It's bytecode-compiled, has a JIT, and it is a file-based system. It is mostly functional, and it has a multi-language runtime, which is vastly different than everything else I'm talking about. It's got a very simple syntax like all lisp and semantics with rich expressions like extensive macro system and structural matching, and it ships with both an editor as well as a runtime. And here, like lisp, there's a lot more parentheses than there are in other languages. It's a prefix notation, so math operators go before the numbers involved, otherwise this really isn't that mystifying. It reads just like anything else. And finally, there's COLA, or what I refer to as a beautiful, tiny, tiny kernel. And in the theme of this talk, this comes back around to LNK, building upon the shoulders of giants. Brief summary of VPRI, Viewpoints Research Institute is LNK's think tank. They got a five-year grant from the NSF to work on what's called FUNC, which is Foundations of New Computing, and their main project is called STEPPS, which is Steps Towards Expressive Programming Systems, which doesn't mean much. They want essentially to do a whole system from soup to nuts that's understood in one brain. We haven't had that our entire lives. The entire system from language to GUI apps that actually allow you to produce real things in approximately 20,000 lines of code. No OS, no nothing else, no nothing. Just that, 20,000 lines of code. So a brief summary of COLA, it's the main sub-project, or one of the many sub-projects of VPRI, which is just one incarnation of the underlying runtime. It's an odd statement, but this is because VPRI is a rapidly moving target, and every time I think I get an understanding of what they're working on, they come out with another paper that says, no, we've moved six miles over this way. And it's kind of hard. But it's a machine-compiled file-based system, object-oriented prototype-based runtime. It's small talk-like, but lisp-like at the same time. It's incredibly simple and clean syntax and semantics. There's a pattern there that I really like that, which is a wonder why I code in Ruby. But I love both things, and it's something I have to deal with. And COLA stands for Combined Object Lambda Architecture, which I'll explain later. And it's basically, that system is a system designed to be the simplest possible language that can be described in itself. And if you look at the implementation, it is about as simple as it can get. So the implementation in Fib can be both lispy and small talky, though I think that that feature is either removed or de-emphasized in later incarnations of it.  And otherwise, the code is exactly the same as the other examples we looked at. So, those are the four systems I want to go into. Now it is time to plunder. As I said before, small talk is where I cut my OOTEF. My first year of college, I was trying like mad to figure out what this object orientation stuff was about.  This is well before I really caught on, so it wasn't so prevalent as it is now, and there weren't nearly as many resources. And it wasn't until I came across a pure system that you were completely immersed in that I finally understood what OOTEF was about. So, back on the day, Alan Kay and his entire cohort left Xerox Park, because Xerox Park was notorious for coming up with really neat ideas and not knowing how to sell them. And they went to Apple to work on Squeak Small Talk, which is an open source project that you can download and play with today. Don't do it on this network. They decided they really disliked Coding and C, which is what their implementation was written in at the time. So they rewrote Squeak in Small Talk, and what they wound up doing was finding a statically compilable subset of Small Talk, writing the entire runtime in that, and writing a subset to C Translator written in Small Talk as well. And being able to use that to bootstrap another version that you can then compile and link and then fire back up and be in a new incarnation of Small Talk altogether. And what that does is it lowers the bar, increasing the contributor base, because you've now dropped it down to one language that everyone can understand and is actually much higher level than C ever is. And you get a lot more feedback and a lot more contribution from it. The speed of releases and the speed of commits went up drastically once the system got up and running. And of course, they have their bumps and everything. When they started off with the first version, I'm sure they had tons of debugging code in there, and it was slow as dirt and everything else. But you do iterations, and you increase those iterations, and you increase the speed of those iterations, and it smooths out quickly enough. Small Talk has a huge class library. Right here is a quick little list, or partially list, because there's actually, I couldn't fit it all. There are 66 collection classes. We have Array and Hash, and if you require it, we have Set. And we might have some other stuff, but call it two. They have 66, and you can basically pick and choose what sorts of optimizations you want, and what type of storage you want, and et cetera. They have 32 magnitude classes, which is the one that does fit, and there's basically anything number like at all is underneath the magnitude hierarchy. Our core and standard lib aren't even close. Our core libs, we have outside of the Erano namespace, we have 93 classes. So basically, just between their data structures and their numbers, they already out mass what we have in Ruby. But more than probably anything else, Small Talk has language-supported developer tooling that massively increases productivity, like nothing I've ever worked with since. Small Talk was one of the first GUI systems following the Xerox Star, both of them born at Xerox Park. Here we see a workspace in Faro Small Talk, which is related to Squeak Small Talk, it's a fork. And we have a workspace, which is kind of like a REPL, a class browser and a test runner all on screen. The in-memory class browser, this is your normal editing environment when you're actually writing code, it's per method. So the source code down on the bottom left is a single method worth the source code, and you use the selectors across the top to go through the categories on the left, then the classes in those categories, then the method categories on the third pane, and then finally the methods in those method categories. And it allows for a huge amount of organization and allows you to actually hone in on what you want much quicker than having to grab through a file or use tags or anything else. It has a built-in debugger with resumable after modification contexts. So one of the things that really differs in Small Talk is that failed unit tests bring up the debugger automatically. And what they do, they call debugger-driven development rather than test-driven development. They write a test that fails, the debugger comes up and in the debugger they implement the passing solution and they click resume, and it goes green. What that does is it just tightens the feedback loop absolutely and development just screams as a result. They have introspection facilities like senders and implementers browser that lets you look across all your code for a single message. And here we're looking at the to buy method and you can see that it's implemented in both date and time and number. And you might use that when you're starting to refactor and you want to see all the different ways that a method is used or you need to see all the people that are implementing something or calling it. And there's a lot more. The first refactoring browser ever made was made in Small Talk. Every time I get an argument with someone who say that you need static typing in order to have all the information you need to do code analysis and that type of thing, I just point to the refactoring browser in Small Talk and say, no. There are linting tools that go way beyond syntax checking and way beyond basic style issues. They go into this is not as fast as if you use this method. This is potentially buggy in these scopes, so on and so forth. And I ran it across their own class libraries and it started to point out problems, which was amazing. I really like that. And there are a ton of DevTools in Small Talk. I could do an entire talk about just the DevTooling in Small Talk. And I can't do that. So one of the things that I think is kind of painful and ruby is that there's all these little road bumps along the way as you code. The equivalent to our inspect message in Small Talk is actually useful. From the ground up, Small Talk has a culture, scotch, where the equivalent of the output of inspect is runnable. And so if you asked for a darker version of the light red color, you'll get that output if you, say, print this out. And that code is runnable as is, and you'll get another version of the same output or another version of the same instance. Whereas in Ruby, when you ask for the inspect of color.new with the exact same values, you get this thing with hash, angle bracket, class name, for some reason the address, which is much less useful now that we're all on 64 bit machines, and then the iVars. And because it starts with a hash, that's basically a comment. And even if you took that out, it's not runnable. It's just not useful information at all. And if we had started Ruby from the beginning, where inspect, since it's meant for developers anyways, output something that we could run, then you can do a lot more with that. So self is different. It's a very different system. It's a strange system. It's a system that I don't entirely understand. There's more focus on its runtime than the language itself. It is a direct descendant of Smalltalk. So in that sense, the language isn't much different. This was the birthplace of JIT. David Unger, his PhD was under the David Patterson, the architecture guy. And his PhD thesis was titled The Design and Evaluation of a High-Performance Smalltalk System. His later publication called Soar, Smalltalk on a Risk, is the best book on objective optimization I have ever read, Barn None. The man uses numbers for everything, and it's impressive. And as a result, they made a Smalltalk system that ran on a risk CPU, custom risk CPU, back in the mid-80s, which is just unheard of. This is the reason why JavaScript and Java are fast. He was finished self at sun. Java came from sun. Do the math. Basically, JITing using monomorphic and polymorphic inline caching means that dynamic languages really can be fast. Self is also the place where prototyping was really, if not born, then popularized. Some agent systems did show up in the mid-70s, but I don't know if they connected the dots necessarily between the two. But basically, classless OO or prototyping started itself as far as I'm concerned. This influenced JavaScript and languages like IO heavily. And prototyping is really handy. Since 1.9, and I just learned this on the airplane down, we have been able to add methods to an instance of one class from a completely different unrelated class.  And it still doesn't really work, as you can tell in the last line. It doesn't make sense. Basically, self is wrong in the context of those methods. And self has in much the same way as small talk, but much not. A lot of developer tools, a big portion of the system is developer tools that, again, we lack. Like small talk, self has a GUI right out of the box. It is a lot more spartan than small talk's GUI, but with an emphasis on the objects themselves. And in this case, wow, that's fuzzy. Where's it my eyes? I'm kind of drunk. So in this case, you're sitting on this giant, infinite canvas, and you're actually walking through a tutorial that's telling you how to do self itself. And the next step, previous step buttons at the bottom will move you to a different part of a canvas with more of the tutorial. It's really cool. All objects are tangible GUI elements, making them easier to inspect, interact with, and manipulate. And as you can see on the left, I have an instance of a slots object with a bunch of methods or slots. And then that box at the bottom is kind of a repl for that instance. Self will evaluate to that object. So you can interact with it directly and manipulate it directly. And it's really, really handy. The standard tools let you get into and manipulate objects directly. Here we can see that we can add more slots or add a category of slots. We can copy slots or move them around, push them up or down with its parents or its children, and do a bunch of things that we actually don't do very much because we are class-based. And of course, there's a built-in debugger with a reasonable context that lets you easily experiment with the code live. One of the things you'll do is you'll write some code in the evaluation box. In this case, I'm explicitly calling halt to bring up the debugger. But you'll write something that doesn't work. It'll say the method doesn't exist or whatever. And then in the debugger, you'll implement it, make it pass, and move on. OK. So as I said before, Racket is my current non-Ruby love. I am a polylingual amorous. Racket is incredibly polished, very responsive development team, and just plain fun to code in. It really, truly is. It ships with extensive documentation, both in the reference side, where we got functions being declared here, and in a newbie-friendly guide as well, with hundreds of pages of stuff. And honestly, as much as we've put a ton of effort in improving the core library and standard library documentation, Rackets.co puts Rubies.co and RDoC to shame. The system is just night and day different. Racket ships with an IDE oriented on beginners. It was originally intended to be for teaching high schoolers. And I'm running out of time. Hado code. But it's perfectly usable for advanced devs. There's a repl integrated on the right, and you can split other direction. And it can even display generated images. As we can see with the Sipransky triangle here. The documentation is integrated, so you can quickly look up any function that you're using simply by selecting it. And when something goes wrong, you can see exactly where it is and where you came from. That kills me. Racket has a family of functions all related to the name Match, which provide better structural decomposition than what we have with Ruby's Splat Operator or the array destructuring assignment that we normally use. It's of limited use to us. It really truly is, because it only works with arrays or array-like things, meaning that they implement too airy. It doesn't work with objects. And we work with a lot more than array or array-like things, so we need to have more. And the thing that kills me about Racket is that that first line in all source files, pound lang, declares what language you're actually coding in. Racket supports a meta-language system that allows new languages to thrive, and it is absolutely perfect for our DSLs and the way that we are like to write our code. In this case, we're looking at the manual variant of their documentation language Scribble. And what this actually does is it runs this just like it's code, even though it looks like it's just pros to us or pros with some markup, and generates Lisp that winds up executing itself and will output itself to either PDF or HTML or whatever else the back end does. So object orientation is good for organization. It's good for scoping. It's good for data hiding. But at the end of the day, Lambda is king. As a quick comparison, doing the Fibonacci code as above with Fib 30, 31, and 32, you can tell that the runtime differences are night and day. And some of that speed is attributed to how Scheme runs versus how Ruby runs. That's fine. We're a much more dynamic language in that sense, but it doesn't account for this level of difference. They're 17 times faster than us, and we need to speed up our method calls by at least 4 to 8x to compete on more than the Python and Perl playing field, which we're currently competing on. And finally, tail call optimization, not to be confused with tail call recursion, which is a subset, is a seriously useful thing and can help us speed up Ruby quite a bit. We do have it optionally, but it's not on by default. And I don't know how actually usable it is because it's not on by default. It does make things like debugging harder. So when you get an error in Scheme, you're not exactly sure where you're coming from unless you're in that IDE, which will draw the arrows for you. But there are pragmatic solutions to this, so that's a technological argument that's bullshit. So getting to COLA. I have two more minutes. You stand back. I don't know if I can do this in two more minutes. This starts to get really hard for me, and maybe I bit off more than I can chew, but I love what these guys are doing so much that I just couldn't say no to this section. Steps' vision of computing is massively powerful, but it's also massively hard to explain, especially since VPRI is a rapidly moving target, and they come out with a new paper, and I'm just like, but you said you were doing x, and now you're doing y. They want to make an entire computing system up to productivity GUI apps in 20,000 lines of code. And here is, I believe, the presentation view of their system. They also have desktop publishing, and email, and web browsing, and all that stuff in 20,000 lines of code. So to put that in perspective, Debian's 283 million lines of code. OS 10 is 86 million lines of code. You know, go down to free AST, which is a much simpler system. It's nine million lines of code. Ruby's 1.2 million lines of code. It doesn't do half of what Steps does, and they're doing it in 20,000 lines of code, or 160th the amount that we're doing it in. And part of that's just because they took an entirely different approach to it. COLA, the combined Lambda object. Wow, object Lambda architecture. Yeah, Scotch. Is there combined object Lambda architecture? It's used to define their entire runtime. The concept's really simple. Use objects for storage and organization. And use lambdas for execution, for doing all the stuff. And that makes sense, right? Code needs to go somewhere, it goes in objects, and the objects need to do things. That's the lambdas. And that makes a perfect dependency loop. But bootstrapping that dependency loop is another issue entirely. So this is the simple version of the object graph. It looks something like this. This is absolutely minimal, so if any of it is implemented incorrectly, I'm gonna pause the red. Go away.  Ometta is their grammar engine. It can parse both text and object syntaxes, like ASTs. And by having many layers of translation laws, you'd have thinner, simpler layers. This, more than anything, is probably their biggest multiplier on code size. And this is several of their languages and how it translates down to the CPU. The actual languages involved are immaterial to our talk. The fact that they're translating through multiple layers through multiple languages is the key. And they don't have to translate to other pieces of source. They could translate to ASTs, and then you write a grammar for the AST to do transformations against that to output a different AST. So, another thing you do is to define your systems using basic axioms.  That's vague as hell, right? It means that you teach your GUI geometry and give it a rule engine and have it figured out itself. Instead of implementing every combo of everything possible, like you would if you were using GTK in their 650,000 lines of code, these guys implemented it in about 250. So, in your runtime, between using grammars and transformers, sticking to systems of axioms and a rule engine, it makes your runtime much smaller, much more understandable, much more maintainable, it lets it stick in one head. In that sense, it's something we need to seriously consider. And I know that this section was very hand-wavy. It really is. It's really hard to illustrate as compared to the other ones where I can just show some code. If you wanna unhandwave it, if that's a word, please go read the papers that they've published here. They're absolute gold. So, in conclusion, and a couple minutes late, I've surveyed a minority of ideas, blah, blah, blah. Ruby's really at its best, borrowing great ideas from other languages, but it has fallen behind. It's lost its way, and it's time for Ruby to step up and do more with these ideas and keep pushing forward to stand upon the shoulders of giants. Thank you.


Why? Because I don't want you guys to have anything ever. Oh. In other words, you know as well, it's a good trade.  The Yankees have become stronger because of him. Well. It doesn't mean anything though. Can you get any weaker? Well, it doesn't mean anything because we still have the same GM and manager. So you could have the best lineup in baseball. I'm not convinced that the current GM and the manager are going to be able to do anything with them that takes them beyond the first round of the postseason. We'll see. No one cares about what you're saying. Josh!  I'm Rick. Can you follow us on Instagram and Twitter for more juicy content? Thank you to everybody's sports and patrons. Yes, yes, yes. Thank you, thank you, thank you. Thank you, thank you, thank you. Thank you, thank you. Thank you for being a friend. By the way, a legend in television passed away in Norman Lear. If you do not know who he is and you do not know the shows he created, there's a long list of him, the Jeffersons, all in the family mod, he is one of the most important people ever, if not the most influential person in sitcom television of all time. 101.  Hey, I don't care. He was a hundred. He lived a good life. 101. That's too long actually. Yeah, but truly, I only want to live a hundred years. Current television is shaped because of the decisions that Norman Lear made back in the day that, I mean, even today, if you watch all in the family, that show works today. That show works. That could go on the air just as it is scripted and it would work today. Disagree. Brilliant. I've never seen it. Today, we have Asian pains. Oh! Asian pains. That's what I feel in the middle of the night when my wife elbows me. Oh, I get an Asian pain. Get it, my wife's. This is Asian pains. Where the heart is. Asian pains. And this is so different. My dyslexia. I did this because we did it. I much prefer Asian pains. I think we did one with Radhika and then we did one with Zoya. It'll be a great name for a person from India who makes window frames. But this is Kiran Johar. Asian pains. Oh, wait, what are we doing here? These are Asian pains. Ugh! But didn't we do this? This isn't where we saw his place in Mumbai? Wasn't it with Asian pains? So, why are we doing it again? Season two, episode two, this one just came out. So, we're seeing his house again? I don't think so. I don't think we've seen a Kiran Johar one. What was the one we saw where he gave us a tour of his house? I don't know. Here we go. Maybe it's this one. No, this one just came out. Namaste. Apka furshe. Swagathe humade.  An ideal home is one that collaborates with your lifestyle. You have to make a home that you have to live in. Because I feel a house should have a character of its own that's invariably a reflection of the person who owns it and their personality. Hi, this is me, Kiran Johar. You're watching me on Asian pains where the art is. Welcome to my home. I don't think you can turn the host on him off. No, especially if the camera's rolling. There's an expression that you can use even symbolically. It's like, I want to go back home. A lot of that is subliminally talking about peace, quiet, tranquility, solace, going back to a moment of time that you want to kind of be with your thoughts. And that is what home gives you. In a day and age where everything is so loud, my home, am I moment on my bed watching that television or reading a book? That is peace. So in many ways, coming back home means coming back to peace. Get a makeup chair. All right, guys, this is me saying, welcome to my home, my safe space. This is the main living area where people can sit and have a great conversation. Didn't see all of this. I know that some people have very strong aesthetics where it comes to their choice of color, their choice of fabric. What I believe very strongly is that when you sit beige, it doesn't mean that everything has to be in the same tone of beige. One color is a mothership color and then the mother has various sons and daughters. So you can see this particular section has about three shades of the beige family. You have the ultra suede beige here. You have the lighter suede beige here. You have the textured fabric, deep end of beige here. And then what you do is you always break it up. Here we broke it up with a navy blue with has actually this check design. So it's a little bit of green and blue here, but seems seamless and also effortless and beautiful to the eyes. It's very nice. Very calm personality. Just to build a beautiful home that has nothing to do with your lifestyle, personality, daily choices, that is redundant. One thing has to be in conjunction with your aesthetic and has to be practical for movements.  I was just thinking it must be nice to have the luxury to do that. Less than one percent of the world can actually do something like that. We all know our architect. My walls are made by the energy of my soul. So my walls are collaborators. They work with in tandem with me. Which I textured walls.  Let me tell you how I make ourselves comfortable. So this is our dining table. Oh, I love that. The dual. Yeah, that's really nice. This table actually has had many acquired dinner, many an important meeting. Like I have to tell you the very first marketing meeting we did for Rocky or Rani ki Premkani was on this. I remember this is where Ranveer sat, Alia sat there. I was at the head of the table. My entire marketing team. Let me smell it. We discussed strategy. We discussed what not to do, what to do. So many meetings of eating, anxiety, sharing, strategy making has all actually happened on this particular table. What else has happened on that table? No, no, no. So if home is where the heart is, then bedroom is where the comfort is. Brought to you by Jack Juan. This bedroom is where most of my personality unravels. If you stare at the floor as well as your clothes of actually design in how the blocks are placed vertical and horizontal with little bit of marble. That's interesting. Yeah, I've never seen that. Now the bed, it's very critical for you to know where you can sleep and find all your solace in. It gives you a feeling of comfortable. This is and I'm repeat. This is for my kids love it when they come. They loved it unlike the cowardly lion. That's why it's there mainly for them case you didn't know. So I'm going to take you apart. Did you know that room that I am attached very disconcerting and self-conscious about and you'll know why very soon. Please come. This is not a walk-in closet. This is a rather big space where you can actually run and it's an entire bedroom we broke to make a closet.  Those are two simple things. So you think this is a mirror? No, I'd like to disappoint you. It's of course a big long mirror which you can check yourself out all the time. But it also opens up. That's amazing. There's all kinds of textures and fabrics. There's even an ethnic mirror work. So as you can know, it's eclectic and very varied in nature. This is just a trailer picture abhi baki hai. Good Lord. My home was my word. My parents were my entire being. It just keeps making me use three words. My space sheltered solace. It's the days that I used to listen. I like all the plants. My mother listened to old music. And I think that's where the fascination for cinema penetrated my head. And also because I lived in a constricted space, I felt like that took what attracted me more to these large opulent spaces. I dreamt that even if I didn't have a home, I could vicariously live through cinema to feel that sense of space. First thing I do when I come back home is go and see mom. It's my instinct since I was a child. There is no center or there is no point of this house for me in a physical way. But in an intangible way, my mom's presence wherever she is in the house, that becomes my central focus when I enter the house. Mama's boy. Love that sound. This is the patio. This is the deck. Oh, that's lovely. This entire part as well. So even in summer, That's pretty. This entire space out and make sure that you can engulf the patio into the main house. It's actually quite cooling here. The element of blue runs right through this part of the house with these massive huge urns that have a lot of greenery. You literally feel you're in some kind of an Amazonian jungle. There's greenery coming at you from everywhere. And I think it looks like those shades on the windows all drop. So you can get this particular house we wanted. Beiges and green. And I said the house should look like it's different textures. But it should still feel like home. I love doing it. Where the heart is. Decoration of it. This is a heart of the living area. This is actually the spot that I sit in a lot.  Otherwise, we live in a concrete jungle, right? This is what I call my HMU room. This is hair makeup. There's a beautiful onyx table here that I absolutely love. The glam sparks. I love it as a texture. And this has a beautifully lit mirror where it's conducive to doing makeup. And it has this very vintage looking makeup chair that you would find in all Hollywood. My approach to any aesthetic is that it should be pleasing to the naked eye. And when you walk in, you're not jarred by it. Very modern, very cool and calming to the eye. This home brings the energy of my 25-year career and also my responsibility as a son and parent. This house is where I had my kids in, where my mother was playing mother again. So this house gives me a feeling of renewed vigor, a two-pointer version of myself. The easier thing where people say, and of course it's true that home is where the heart is, I think home is where your soul lies because that's what you take out and it emanates its energy. So I feel home is where the soul is and where the soul resides, rests, it relaxes. And that's how I've always looked at home. So if you're inspired by my home's decor, please go to beautifulhomes.com by Asian Paints for a stunning style. Welcome home. Swag siswagat. Why am I doing this? Sorry. Ready? Ready? Welcome home. Swag. No, it's this. This video... This video called me poor in seven different languages. Yep. Do you know that? It did. Do you guys hear that as well? Yeah. Don't we all know our architect? He's a great... everybody's architect. Everybody gets to design their homes based on their soul and their feeling and the textures and the... I wish. But if you did, if you had the luxury to be able to create any kind of home you want to create, what are some of the things you'd put in that home that, for you, where would you live? What would it kind of... What are some of the things that would be a no-brainer? This is what I'm doing with that house. Well, most of the house I would defer to my wife not because I don't have opinions I do, but because she's better at it. And so we often share the same feeling about what we think would be good, but in terms of interior design, she can visualize it way better than I can. As can my wife. So I'm usually like, I trust you.  I don't like it. But I mean, my wife loves plants and so the theme of our house is basically plant. It's already that. Yeah. If you come into their place, it's a lot of greenery. We have probably over 100 plants inside the house. So that would obviously be something that we'd live probably if I could pick a place that is... New Zealand. Oh, yeah, obviously. But that is kind of almost covered and enclosed in nature. I mean, if I... Perfect. Love to have a river behind us. The places you go to when you guys get away. Yes.  And so have those two exact vibes going. I told you about that at the hotel in South Africa. It's built into a mountain, but it's on the beachfront.  So yeah, and if you see any stories where they've ever gone away, what he just described is there's typically forest and there's a river. There's a body of water. Apparently, it does come technically if you want to get the signs. I'm a cancer. And apparently, if you're a cancer, you like to vacation near water and that's 100% true. But it doesn't matter what kind of water. It could be a lake, a river. It's just water. But actually, I'm Pisces, so what do you think I like? I don't know. It's the ocean. Yeah, the ocean, I love the ocean. I like the ocean, but it's not my preferred... I would actually, usually, if I'm like, I want to go somewhere and relax like river with forest. Somewhere where it's like really... I love that. But I don't like the seclusion. And my wife's the same way. I prefer... I would love to live somewhere where I'm still close to the water, but close to people. The big thing for me as far as design, the only thing that I would care about that I would love, my dream would be to have a home theater. Oh yeah, mine too. To be able to have just for yourself to watch, but also for others to be able to come over and watch movies. It's always been a dream of mine. That's a big, big, big one for me. Whenever I was able to have a nice house and there was a specific... And make that the TV. I mean, that's how you watch the TV. And that's what I mean. I don't mean to make like a box that's a movie theater because that's why I go to the movies. I mean to have like a theater where there's couches and... I still would. A couches. Because see, you're the one who likes to be secluded. I like to be with the people and watch them. The farther away I can get... Have the audience react. The farther I can get away from people, the happier I am. Yeah, the movie that I watch so much like football and so I would watch football in there, I would watch movies. But yeah, in terms of interior design, I actually tend to be more minimalist. Me too. But also I'm like that doesn't always lead to the best look because his house was gorgeous and I wouldn't qualify that as minimalist at all. No. And so that's why I'm like I trust my wife or whoever is the... You'll probably make it look really nice and so I trust you. More than I trust what I know about... We also don't ever envision ourselves irrespective of how much we would ever be... If we were blessed to make a lot of money, we would not need or want a lot of floor... Square footage. We don't want a house that's so big that if you call for the other person, they can't hear you or anything like that. We don't need space like that. Enough house for everybody to have a room and maybe an extra room for a theater room or something like that. Yeah. If there was space, it would be something like that. For example, her home in Calcutta is big enough that you can have seven, eight people live in it. That's the reason for me to have space is if I had that many people living together, which would be awesome. Gorgeous house, though, obviously. No shock.  It's probably the one I'm thinking of was a quick walkthrough of another place of his that he has because certainly he's got multiple homes. Yeah. Of course. Let us know what you thought and... Who else has Asian paint? Did we not watch one a while back ago? It was an architectural design digest. His bachelor pad in Mumbai, I think that was it. Is it this place? It is. But it was short. It was a two-minute video. Yep. That's why. Okay. I remember that hallway where it said his name at the back. Yeah. Anyway. Let us know down below.


NAPPLAN, the National Literacy and Numeracy Tests, taken by students in years 3, 5, 7 and 9 around the country, is moving from paper based tests to computer based tests. It's a big undertaking and you may be wondering why it's happening. NAPPLAN is a valuable tool that tests literacy and numeracy skills as taught in classrooms, important skills which are needed well into adulthood. It's the only national test that lets you see how your child is growing and achieving in these key areas over a seven year schooling period. Technology is present everywhere and more children have access to it at school or home. So it makes sense that we use it to our advantage when it comes to educating and preparing our children for the future. We'll use the technology to improve the NAPPLAN test through what is called the tailored or adaptive test design. This means students won't all be seeing the same test questions. As they progress through the test, they'll be given questions better suited to their individual abilities. A child who may be struggling during the assessment will be given questions that better reflect their achievement, building their confidence by allowing them to show us what they know, not just what they don't know. Similarly, high achieving students will be given more challenging questions so they can show us all what they can do. Because of this tailored test design, the results will be more precise and give a lot more insight into your child's achievement. The online test will take advantage of technology in ways that are not possible with paper. We will be able to test not only what students know but whether they can apply this knowledge to solve real world problems. Our research shows that students find these types of questions more engaging and are motivated by the experience of doing their tests on computers. For more information visit www.nap.edu.au or email naplinonline at akara.edu.au


This is an amazing Bolo video.  Here we go. Hey, Bolo Buddies, thanks for watching. Great. Let's get started. Hey, Bolo Buddies, thanks for watching.  This store is just unbelievable. The Bolo's he finds, just wait, just wait. Amazing. He is like a Bolo Finder for sure. So I'm going to link his Facebook group down below. I'll link his eBay store and I am going to link his YouTube channel. So let me start by showing you guys a few things here. And the first thing I want to show you is this and the reason I have it pulled up like this, I don't like to show like other people's private like comments and stuff like that. So in the new Facebook, I don't know, I'm still getting familiar with it. But anyway, this is group. This is what you'll see at the top. This is eBay life and it's resellers research group flippers sellers thrifters buyers and more. And again, I will link it down in the description. It is a fantastic group. Tube channel and he's kind of getting into jewelry and I know that sounds funny because it's usually the ladies that you see digging through the jewelry. But I will tell you this guy knows his stuff. So if you watch his unboxing videos, you will definitely learn. He gets a lot of these mystery jewelry jars at like the Goodwill and stuff like that. So definitely go check out some of those. He doesn't post like on a regular basis or anything like that, but definitely subscribe to him. And when he does, I'm pretty sure you're going to learn something. And his store is hodgepodge and I will link it down in the description. But right now we are going to get started with the first huge. Did I say huge, huge Bolo? Are you guys ready for this? Okay. So I remember when we picked this up and it was kind of a long tail item because it was a while ago. But you guys, this is a vintage rare 1970s Briar cast iron St. Bernard. Stop. Check this thing out. Okay. He paid up for this at a flea market. He paid $80 for it. But he's like, I just had a good feeling about it. Well, that good feeling turned into $900. Yes, 900 big ones, you guys right there. Check it out. Like, would you ever have thought that this was worth $900? I certainly would not have. So I'm always learning from, he's very, very, he's a wealth of knowledge. Definitely. I cannot say it more. Go check out his Facebook group. Okay. So this is a Sweden sterling CG Hallberg blue pen broach butterfly. It's rare. It's from 1918. You guys. And he said that he believes that the person bought it to put in. Let me see if I can find where. He wrote, he gave me a little bit of information on it. Like a catalog for like a picture and a catalog. It was in a sterling silver lot that he bought. So he paid about $8 for it. And he took a best offer of 565 and he says, I believe to a person who is putting it in a pricing guide and using it as like a sample. So he said he did have it listed for a while. So he took a best offer of $695. Are you kidding me? You guys, he got it in a jewelry jar. Look at that. I'm trying to get you there. There's the, is that called a hallmark? I think. There you go. Wow. Amazing. Okay. So I always say this wrong. I think so work. So Vorsky. It's kind of like aluminum, aluminum. I'm getting better at that one. So Vorsky. Okay. So he bought a whole bunch of this. So. So Vorsky crystal stuff. And he paid $850 for all of it. So $850 for all of it. He said he's in the green at $1400 and he still has quite a bit left to sell. So he did pay up for this lot. But you know, Eddie has a great eye. He knows what to look for. He knew that he would definitely make money. So pretty cool. I would not want to ship that. So I believe that one sold for full asking price of $650. The next item. Okay. You guys, this is so, so cool. So have you guys seen the television series TV show? It's called this is us. You need to watch for this crib. So they bought it for a prop for this is us, the show. And he's like, it might be a spoiler. I'm like, I don't think it's a spoiler because I watched that show. And the one gal is pregnant with twins, I believe. But anyhow, I don't know if this is us has another crib. If they're going to put both babies in the same crib. Anyway, so we all need to watch for this crib on the show. How cool is that? I can be like, Oh my gosh, I know who sold that crib to them. But he said that they asked if they could pick the crib up. So they sent somebody to pick it up from him. So how cool is that? And that one he paid $40 for. And I believe they paid the full asking price. The next item is this mug. So Eddie collects and loves mugs and jugs and stuff like this. So it's kind of in his wheelhouse of knowledge. So he will pay up for things like this because he knows that they have a high value. So this one he got at an estate auction and he paid $125 for it. And it sold for $345 plus shipping. It's a, oh, is it he well, he well, he well pottery. Harold and Grace Nell. It's a large rare face jug. So pottery says Georgia big. I don't know what any of that means, but to the right buyer, it means something to me. It means I'd be like face jug. That would be my description. And I get like way less money for it. The next item is this vintage Onyx chest, chest set. And he got this at a thrift store. And the reason I'm laughing is because it says a state find in the title. But, you know, I'm sure that it came from an estate. It just got dropped off at the thrift store. Anyway, I'm covering for you Eddie, but he, he paid $20 for it at a thrift store. Either that or he forgot where he really got it. So here it is. 125 big ones. Very cool. And, you know, I know a lot of people will put a state find or, and stuff like that in their title too, because people search that key word. So the next item is this vintage, a static model JT 30 microphone. He got this, wait for it, for $1 at a garage sale. He said he did not know what he had. He said it was in the original box. It was a dollar. He figured the box was worth a dollar.  It's working. And it sold for $325. How cool is that? The next item is this rare MCM brutalist, which is a great word for this type of item. Descriptive word that people search. Articulated brass six candle holder. I will also tell you that Eddie specializes. I mean, I don't know if he specializes, but I have done a lot of his videos. I've done but oh my gosh, I cannot talk. I'm so sorry. I have done a lot of featured seller Bolo videos on his store and he sells a lot of brass. So I'm going to call him a brass specialist compared to me. He's a brass specialist. He's not really like trained in it or anything. So he got this at a thrift store for $3. And I think it's sold for $325. He may have taken a best offer on that one. Not 100% sure.  I'm not going to check my notes either way. He probably sold it for close to that if not for asking. He usually tells me when he takes the best offer. So I think it went for full asking price. The next item is this vintage quarter feel quarter file hounds tooth men's coat. He got this at a thrift store for $8 and it sold for $315. And the buyer paid the shipping. This is a Northwood opalescent Vaseline uranium glass fluted scrolls with vine footed vase. This is another reason why Eddie sells stuff for so much because he has fantastic keywords. You know what I mean? I don't know all of those keywords. I'd probably be messaging him like, how do I list this? What keywords? I'll message him and then I have Leah's bits and pieces who I message a lot. Because I'm not great with keywords because I'm still learning, but he is a fantastic go-to. Let's see, what did he say here? Thrift store $2 and sold it for $245 plus shipping. Took a best offer on that one. The next item is this vintage W.E.K. Will Kirkpatrick puffin wood carving decoy bird.  You guys, sorry, have heard me talk about the duck decoys. And those are definitely a bolo. I've never seen a bird one, but this is pretty cool. He got this at a thrift store for $5, but he did say that it took over a year to sell. But hey, for that sold price, $260 plus shipping worth the wait. The next item is this solid brass Zippo lighter Harley Davidson vintage and rare. He got this at a yard sale for $5 and sold it for $240. Pretty cool. The next item is Rebit, Rebit, I don't know, puzzle, puzzle, puzzle, 3D puzzle, game, jigsaw, San Francisco town trolley, 1512 pieces. Oh, yeah, 500 pieces then. Yeah, I don't know if he counted the pieces. Let's see what he wrote. Condition is used. The box is not in the best shape as it was on the bottom of a pile when moving built the puzzle and then forgot about the box, but it's still there. All puzzle pieces are counted for and bagged inside the box. Wow, they built it. No way, Jose, that would take forever. He passed off for $150 on that one. It doesn't say where he got it, so I don't know if that was like his from his personal collection or what. The next item is this antique US automatic pencil sharpener 907 fully working guys. Pick this up at a yard sale for $15 sold it for 190 plus shipping. The next item is this rare and I always say Koogee, but somebody said it's Koogee. I don't know. I think Koogee sounds better than Koogee, but comment below and let me know. I know you guys will let me know. So Cosby Biggie, those are two common words that you will see in the title of these sweaters. Hip hop is another one. This he got at the Goodwill. He doesn't say what he paid for it, but he sold it for 175 plus shipping. The next item is the Simpsons. The Bart man meets radioactive man Nintendo NES complete. CIB, excellent. CIB stands for complete in box. He said that he searched comps on this. He priced it $30 higher than the sold comps and it sold fast. So he is increasing the value of the item by pricing it higher than the comps. So that's good because a lot of people are pricing things low and then undercutting everyone and then the prices of items go down. So the next item is another one of the Savorsky items. This is an ornament, a snowflake ornament from 1995. It sold for $162.50. The buyer paid the shipping and this was an auction and it had nine bids. Next item is this tape dispenser with tape rolls. It's vintage 3M. How cool is that? This one came, oh, I'm sorry, the Simpsons, the one before that came from a thrift store and he paid three bucks for it. The tape dispenser, he got for $5, took a best offer of $85 in the buyer paid shipping and he did not say where he got it. Okay, so I'm not really sure what this is. It says bronze fairway 200 yard marker, golf links, no clue, but he got it for five bucks and took a best offer of $90 plus shipping. The next item is this antique brass sleigh bells and it's MBS. Moses B. Smucker and it is rare. He got this at a thrift store for $5 and took a best offer of, oh, nope, I'm sorry, that was for the other one. So I think he sold this for full asking price of 125 plus shipping. The next item he sold is this rare Korean war photo. He said that this did take over a year to sell because he was firm on the price. It sold for $125 and he picked this up at an estate for $10. The next item is this vintage leather professional marble bag carrier. He said it was handmade one of a kind. How cool is that? Pretty cool, right? That one he got at a yard sale for three bucks. He took a best offer of $105. How amazing. The next item is this estate lotter nesting duck solid perfume compact. He said he picked up eight of these at a thrift store. They were a dollar each. Look, it's still got the perfume in it. How cool is that? And a dollar each at the thrift store. And he sold this for $95 plus shipping. The next item he sold is this vintage marbles Gladstone design AG. Russell safety axe hatchet. Selene solingen Germany. I don't know how to say that. Sorry. Facebook marketplace. He paid $30 free shipping. And he sold it for 115 plus shipping. So he picked it up on Facebook and sold it on eBay. The next time is the mask. He picked it up the day after Halloween for a dollar at the thrift store. And he took a best offer of $100 plus shipping. The next item is another one of the sorority crystal. This is a dragon. And this one he auctioned is sold for $100 plus shipping. The next item is this thirst extinguisher drink mixer shaker with spout vintage. Store $5 so $100 plus shipping. I told you guys he is a Bolo finder for sure. This crocodile Milton Bradley dentist game. It works and it is complete. It's from 1990. He got it at a thrift store for $5 and he sold it for $85 plus shipping. I'm going to go ahead and let you guys know that I do have a Bolo category video where I talk about board games that are Bolo. So definitely go check that out. The next item is this Collier's magazine February 13, 1909. You guys, it's an antique magazine with Lincoln on the cover. How cool is that? He got this at a yard sale for $1 and sold it for 90 plus shipping. The next item is this new old stock bike number 10 Men's Sport Sporter jock. So it's a jockstrap, you guys. It's new old stock. It's in the original box. These things are a Bolo. I sold one. I was excited to find it, but when I took it out, it was kind of had some yellowing just from being sitting in the packaging without plastic around it and probably not stored properly. So mine ended up being a bread and butter, but they can definitely be a Bolo. He took a best offer of $75 and he picked this up for $3. The next item are these old stock cotton undershirts, JC Penney size 40, six shirts new. He got these at a thrift store for $3. Took a best offer of 60 plus shipping. This rare Bruce Lee dragging mug he couldn't find. So he just priced it high. It sold in about four months for the $65 and he got it at the Goodwill for $2. The buyer paid shipping. This vintage Diamond Dallas page wrestling buddies plush pillow WWF. This one came from a thrift store. He paid 50 cents for it and he sold it for 50 plus shipping. This, you guys, I'm so sorry. I could not find it on the list. So either I didn't send him the picture or he missed the picture when he sent me the info. So I don't know what he paid for it or where he got it, but it was super cool and I wanted to leave it in the video. He for $50 in the buyer paid shipping. Okay, so I knew about this Bolo. It's the Milton Bradley monster old maid game. It's incomplete. He said it's missing three cards. I have sold these without the packaging incomplete and mine were a Bolo also. So definitely be on the lookout for these. I mean, people probably sell these cards individually also for the people that have the whole game and need these three cards. So you could also part it out, but more work, more time. So this one he got at a yard sale. He paid $1 for it and it sold for 55 plus shipping. Okay, so here's the story on this. He said I bought a set off someone on Facebook. Oh, I'm sorry. Let's see. I bought a set off someone on my Facebook friends list for 140 broke the set down and sold piece by piece. He said I'm already 80 in the green and have three speakers left sold the wires first. So these wires are Bose speaker cables and he sold these for $44 plus shipping and then he had another sold. I didn't show them both, but he sold some of the other wires. I can't remember what it was for, but I saw it in a store. If you guys want to go down, you can look at his solds by going to the link in the description. So this is Pempernel. I think Pempernel Pempernel. I don't know their hummingbird placemats and coasters by Richard Lowe and these came the thrift store. He paid $5 and he sold them for 65 plus shipping. The next item is this vintage Black Panther Cougar ceramic ashtray. He said there was a chip on it. So he got it for $1 at a yard sale trying to find the chip. Pretty cool piece. I don't see a chip. There's the chip. So it kind of blends in not too bad. The next item is this new old stock Pyrex two liter juice jug. He got three of these for $10. So what $9 in some sense each. He sold one for 40 and he has one left. I don't know if the other one was a different listing. But the buyer paid shipping. Pretty cool. New old stock. Definitely always be on the lookout for new old stock items. I do have a Bolo category video on new old stock also. All right guys. Here is his store. It's going to be linked in the description of the video. Check out his Facebook group and his YouTube channel. And again, I will have links for all of those things down in the description of the video. Let me know.  Are your socks still on? Oh my gosh. It's almost midnight. I've been shared. Leave me a comment down in the description. You know, just say something about your socks and I'll have to be like, What are they talking about socks? Be sure to check out the description of the video. Like, comment, share and subscribe. Thanks for watching.


All right, well thank you, that was really interesting. I'm Adam Guess, I'm one of the cornea fellows. I'll just be presenting briefly the patient that hopefully most of us had a chance to see upstairs. This will just be a brief presentation about that patient. Hopefully we can get some input from the audience about this patient. So I'll just be presenting the patient that we saw upstairs, one of our cornea patients and hopefully we can get some input from the audience about management on this patient. Our patient is a 22 year old woman with a, she was referred to Dr. Mifflin. She has a history of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type six which was diagnosed at birth. Eight months ago, this patient sustained injury to her right eye after having a syncopal episode. She was at a restaurant, passed out and hit her eye on the edge of one of the booths. She sustained a ruptured globe at that time and she had surgical repair about a day and a half later. The repair was described as difficult by the surgeon both due to, as you can imagine, due to the thin superior sclera. She also was noted to have posterior pressure from carotidals at that time. So at this time, eight months later, she has an uncorrected visual acuity of 2,500. She pinholes the 2,080 and that's, she sees 2,300 with a minus 10 spherical correction. Our pressure's normal. Her pupil is superiorly dissented as you see but it was reactive with no APD. The AC was deep and quiet. Her lens is clear and centered and she does have this large superior staphyloma with scleral thinning and underlying uveal prolapse. Her retinal exam was within normal limits except for the superior uveal prolapse. I'll show you a few more images here. Here's another image demonstrating the thin superior sclera and a slit image here demonstrating just how thin this tissue is. Penicamp imaging was done and showed a thin corneal thickness essentially and you see 431 there just inferior to central. And also you'll note that she has 12 diopters with the rural corneal astigmatism and you see on the tangential curvature that she's very steep superiorly. So a very abnormally shaped cornea which is contributing to her poor vision. So in summary, we wanted to talk a little bit about what could be done surgically for this patient. Before we do that, I'll just present a few slides about this condition, Ehlers-Danlos type six. The type that she has is called the kypho scoliotic type and in fact this patient did have scoliosis. She's had four back surgeries to repair that. Some of the features that are common, it's an autosomal recessive condition. The bluish sclera due to scleral thinning, limbis to limbis corneal thinning is almost universal. Ocular fragility which I'll go into more depth on is very common and patients also often have hypermobile joints and hearing loss is another common feature. The deficit in this condition is thought to be lysolhydroxylate although it seems that other collagen defects may also cause this condition. In two different studies by Cameron and Biglon, most of the patients in these studies, there was about 10 patients in one and 12 in the other study experienced globe rupture, 63 to 70% by the age of 18 which to me was a staggering number and the mean age of the first globe rupture in these patients was 5.2 years of age. Many of the patients they described had very minimal trauma, you know a small twig hitting the eye or rubbing the eye lightly and usually it was corneal rupture that occurred. The surgical repair in these patients was described as difficult as you might imagine. There was a lot of cheese wiring of sutures. Ocular contour abnormalities are universal in these patients. Charitaglobus is common, peripheral sclerocornia. Charitometry values can range from under 40 to over 60 and changes of anywhere from three to six diopters in a single year have been described so that the corneas can change quite quickly also. Here's a list of some of the pathologic changes that occur. This image was from the Cameron paper and it was a patient who had had a limbis to limbis epicaritoplasty which was followed by a penetrating caritoplasty. So you see on top there the epicaritoplasty and then below the second asterisk is the patient's corneas. You see how very thin that is and you can see some of the other abnormal changes that can occur absent. Bowman's layer, stromal thinning, disorganized stromal lamellae or decimates membrane abnormalities. The best treatment for this patient's prevention of protective glasses just because corneal rupture or scleral rupture is so common. And as I mentioned, unfortunately, patients have been described to have globe rupture without any trauma at all even with protective lenses in place. So it's a very difficult situation. As I mentioned, limbis to limbis epicaritoplasty has been described for providing tectonic support for flattening the cornea for reducing irregular astigmatism. So for our patient, we wanted to get some input from the audience about treatment options. One would perhaps be a contact lens. This patient hasn't had contact lens fitting. She was wearing contact lenses prior to this but they don't fit currently on her right eye. Should we consider surgical repair? Perhaps a scleral patch graft. Should we consider repairing the iris? Maybe a purse string type suture repair to the iris. And the other thing we talked about would collagen crosslinking have any role? Lysol hydroxylase is actually an enzyme that crosslinks collagen and that's what is thought to be missing in these patients. So I'd like to sort of open it up to getting some input from the audience as to what we should be thinking about with this patient. Dr. Olsen? Oh yeah, so her other eye is normal. It sees well. She was 20, 25 with her contact on.