So, I start recording this webinar so the University of Florence is very happy to welcome all of you, the speakers and the people which are instead listening to the webinar which is called frontier research and career opportunities in environmental science. This is really hot topic because the current situation in terms of climate change, sustainability of cities, green infrastructure, green energy, new materials really require new skills. And the University have the difficult task to actually provide students with a skill identifying the evolving gaps that there are between supply and demand. This fair is a unique opportunity to put together top university in the field in environmental field with innovative and young entrepreneur. So, I'm really happy to start this and the first speaker is Professor Francesco Ferrini of University of Firenze Francesco has worked a lot and will give a presentation which is on the city of the future, how there will be and how they should be Francesco the floor is yours. Thank you very much. Good morning to you all I'm sharing my presentation I hope you see the presentation on the screen, and I will talk about the city of the future how they will be or how they should be. I base my presentation on the city of Hanoi because I have been there last last year, and the end of 2019 so first thing is to. Okay, sorry. More than 100 years ago, but get us which was who was a famous landscape architect said a city is more than a place in a space drama in time. Unfortunately, we didn't take any lesson from this phrase and we have created cities that cause stress because cities can be chaotic. We have polluted pack nervous dangerous and whatever you want to call them, but at the same time, city can be fascinating, this is Hanoi. Open artistic beautiful evolved lively livable vital and vivid. We change our paradigm where we think about city. It must not be the green at the service of the city but the city at the service of the green and today there is an article in a newspaper, one of the most famous newspaper and widely. There's no newspaper in Italy about this. So we have to compare urbanization, because urbanization, especially Southeast Asia, or in all Asia is growing steadily you can see this histogram how the population from 1972. In 2050 is projected to be almost 3.5 billion people who will live in urban areas in Asia, and all over the world, we expected to have more than 70% of the total world population to leave in urban areas in the future. So we have to think about the future city because there will be the places where most of the people in the world will live in in the close future and you see this is Hanoi. Hanoi had 2.4 million people in 2006 and is close to 4 million 2017 and now it's more than 4 million so in about 15 years the total population growth growth was 1.5 million citizens. In the future city that will be of the people for the people and plan thought and realized by the people. So my opinion future smart cities must not be an urban vanity project but must be instead focus on putting the needs of the people at the center. This is a new project for a Southwest Southeast part I think of Hanoi that will be realized in the next future. So which are going to be the targets for the city of the future, we have to improve health and well being of the people, we have to mitigate the urban heat island. We have to manage the storm water management to reduce pollution to preserve biodiversity and to increase the CO2 storage inside the city where most of the CO2, about three quarters of the world CO2 is produced in urban areas. So our target is to improve the green and well being of the sort of the well being and health of the people, and we had to introduce a new concept which is the one health concept. It recognizes that the health of human beings is totally linked to the health of the animals and to the health of the environment so if we have an healthy environment, we can have also healthy animals and we will be healthier than than we are now. So a new vision for the future will be the macro biome inspired green infrastructure infrastructure that will be multi-sensorial, that will be multi-cultural inclusive, and they will be foraging friendly green spaces because we are totally linked with the natural environment, totally linked with the soil environment, totally linked to the animal macro biome. So the second target would be the reduction of urban heat island. The urban heat island is very strong all over the world, but especially in Southeast Asia, Asia, so we have to think of city that a different level we've reduced the urban heat island and vegetation can provide shade, so they can decrease the temperature, they can increase the albedo, and with the able transportation, they can decrease sensible heat flux, they can decrease surface and air temperature. And other target is stormwater management to increase the percolation of water in the soil, so we have to increase the porous surface and to decrease the impermeable surfaces in the city because this will affect strongly the water cycle in the city. Now, in a very urbanized city, almost 100% of the surface is impervious and in this case, only a very small part of the water that will fall will percolate, will go into the soil, most of this water will be lost for stormwater flow. And so this will be the problem, more flooding in the city, more flood at the country level. This is an article published a few years ago about the urbanization and climate change impacts on in Vietnam, this is Canto city, and you can see here how it will change in the future according to four different, two different, sorry urbanization scenario, how the possibility of inundation will increase from 64 to 8 maximum flood depth and how the potentially flooded area will increase from 5 to 22 according to different urbanization scenario. One, the first scenario is like the business as usual, and the future scenario with the strong urbanization that could come. So, especially in Vietnam, but all over the world, climate change is a potential threat in the future and the future infrastructure will be very vulnerable to climate change impacts if we don't change, if it won't change, sorry, from the city of the present, like it is annoying now to the city of the future like it will be in the future. So, it's important in the planning and design process of future cities to avoid the impacts by preserving the natural features by using conservative planning techniques, reducing the impacts of urbanization by reducing soil sealing and imprimabilization, and then managing the impacts by using the new technique of low impact development sustainable urban drainage system or water sensitive urban design for stormwater management. And other target reducing pollution, unfortunately you can see that in Asia in 2018 Hanoi was the second most polluted city in the area and Oceamin was the 15th. So we have to take care, we have to think about this and to change the planning of the city to reduce the impact of pollution. This data I took yesterday from this website, you can see that air pollution is still very high in, it's a little better compared to two years ago, but it's still very high, especially for particular matter. The final target is to increase the CO2 sequestration and storage, and you can do this by increasing the tree canopy, so the tree cover in the city, favouring the planting of large deciduous trees and introducing evergreen suitable for the urban environment. And what will be the results, the results will be putting the green at the centre of our lives and into introduce the concept of urban greening factor. The urban greening factor is a tool to evaluate and quantify the amount and quality, so the quantity and the quality of urban greening that a new new plan provides to inform decisions about appropriate levels of greening in new development. So this will be the future Hanoi, Hanoi is planting a lot of trees to change the future of the city. They have short term, mid term and long term planning of new green areas. So Hanoi is changing from urbanization versus arborization. Arborization means that they will have more tree, more green, more green areas in the city, so this is how Hanoi should look in the next future. So it means afforestation, planting trees, greening the city, bringing nature back to cities, increased biodiversity, improving climate condition and reduce also the pollution. So this will be the city of the future, this is the new planting in Hanoi. You see when the tree were planted a few years ago and how the trees are looking now. They are completely different, the pollution is going to be reduced and people will live much better in this future city. And this will be the new look for Hanoi, 10 years after the expansion. These are new projects for Hanoi. You will see trees everywhere. They are planting now a lot of trees and I'm finished. So thanks very much for your attention. I think this is the phrase thanks for the attention in Vietnamese. So I'm finished. Thank you very much Francesco. For the students which are listening from especially those from Vietnam, we will have a session of question and answer at the end so you can ask questions to Professor Ferini and the other speakers at the end of the seminar. Second speakers are Daniela La Rosa and Cristina Satriano from the University of Catania. Please, Daniela, you can share your screen or Cristina. Yes, good morning. I'm sharing my screen. Can you see it? Yes. Okay. Good morning everybody. My name is Daniela La Rosa. I'm coming from the University of Catania in South Italy and this morning together with my colleague Cristina Satriano will present some opportunities related to new projects that we are currently working on. Together with different partners and different university in Vietnam. And all these projects are dealing with a timely revision of the content of university master course related of course to climate change issues and more broadly to environmental issues. So these projects that we will present you this morning offers different possibilities for collaboration also for both students at master levels but also for PhD students as we will see in some minutes. I have to say that all these projects that we are presenting this morning, this afternoon are project funded by the Erasmus Plus program and more precisely is to a specific categories of Erasmus Plus program which are the capacity building projects. The capacity building projects in the field of higher education are these big and complex projects that try to offer a modernization and internationalization of the content of partner countries in different fields of course not only related to environment or climate change or whatever that could offer a wide program of revisions and they try to address some challenges of higher education system in program countries and try to make this the higher education system more close to the European system. Increasing the cooperation of course with European Union also trying to promote contact and collaboration awareness, intercultural awareness between the collaborating higher education institution. So it's very nice and possibilities that these projects are offering to both European partners and program countries partners like Vietnamese of course institution and university. So the first project that we are presenting today it's called Mare which in Italian means see so it's was a coincidence choice that was done for the acronym of this project. It stands for a marine coastal and delta sustainability for Southeast Asia. So it is actually a project that is dealing with the sustainable management of coastal areas, not only in Vietnam but also in Malaysia so it's a it's a wide project, including 13 partners from five different countries so we have partnered in Germany in Italy in Estonia and in Vietnam and in Malaysia. The specific focus and emphasis of this project is on climate change because as you are probably aware climate changes that the main driver for changes in the relation between the coastal zones which in of course in Vietnam are fundamental areas to be sustainability management and planet. So this this project is exactly with this with this topic and it's a very ambitious projects as are many of the Erasmus plus project so of course objective is to reform existing bachelor masters but even also some PhD programs both in Vietnam by an in Malaysia to try to increase the specific content of this program with a new or revised courses dealing with climate change and coastal management and of course there is a big emphasis also on new technologies that are made available to students to also teachers and so we will we are right now producing a shared infrastructure to to to offer these new courses so with a lot of MOOC contents with a sector collaborate platform in order to share students to share even research topic among all the partners and of course there is some a wide range of disseminating activities that will take place inside like international summer schools in in Italy in Sicily for the in the specific case. There are a lot of open access publication that will made available. We will try to bring together also the students within this publication so within the more research related aspect of the project. So these are an example of courses that will be revised and also the new courses that will be produced by the project as soon as you will see I will have no time to go into details but of course I will be happy to take your question at the end of the seminar so we have management of tropical ocean and climate marine pollution also courses related to environmental normative issues, etc. So I now leave the floor to my colleague Cristina that will show you the other project that University of Catania is working on this this year. So Cristina you can Okay, thank you. As you can see this is the next project that is called the forest that stays for future oriented chemistry is also a capacity building project so which is actually just started we had a kickoff meeting last month. It involves four European universities, Linköping University in Sweden, which is actually the coordinator Institute of Polytechnico de Tomar in Portugal, of course, Catania University, Monta University, in Austria, three partner universities from Russia, Southern Federal University, Northern Arctic Federal University and Novosibirsk State Technical Universities and two universities from Vietnam with our colleagues from Vietnam National University of Forestry and Taiwan University. Please next slide. And so what is the, what is forest? Forest has a focus on the chemistry as a key player to help in mitigating climate change risk in order to develop sustainable tools and green chemistry technologies by challenging the very specific local issues that are addressed in these partner countries which are Russia and Vietnam, like the long draft, strong fruits, air pollution and so on. This project has four specific objectives, the first one to develop a new interdisciplinary multi track master program in future oriented chemistry, and this is to take on with some challenges that were raised by our colleagues in Vietnam. So, like the lack of specialists able to solve these complex problems of environment and sustainability, and also some, sometimes the not sufficient performance of most graduates, current chemistry programs, and also the lack of state of the art programs corresponding to the trends in chemistry development, also upgrading the teaching staff skills in learning, teaching and assessment and to set up a center of excellence in future oriented chemistry. And last but not least, to raise an awareness about in the local communities for the, relating to the climate change impact and some solution that chemistry can offer through the education for the mitigation of such effects. And especially for the setup of center of excellence does must be note that some of the issues that were raised as challenging where the needs of to strengthen the collaboration between the business and the university to develop regional economy, and the science based expertise to make decision on climate change mitigation. And next slide please. Thank you. So the main outcomes that we will expect by this master program, his new multi track. Today's curricula based on the Bologna provisions with engagement in the program in overall of 90 teachers with this new announced skills, five centers of excellence community of experts that can deal with chemical solution for mitigating climate change and a trained community of 60 stakeholders from society, from industry representatives that can help to for local regional policy decision making things that can be adapt to mitigate this climate change really, really relevant risk. So, I think we can go to the last slide, and we want to thank you with for your presence for attending this seminar. Here are the contacts from Daniela and myself, and the just the last advertisement. If you want to take part for to the another presentation of University of Catania, it will take place on Wednesday, the 21st of April, 8 to 10 p.m. Vietnam time and thank you again for your attention. Thank you very much. Thanks, Daniela. The next one is Professor Federico Pulselli of the University of Siena. For the student you probably know that we have or every university has some other webinar or something so you can join different topics and you have a lot of presentations also in the web page. Please, Federico, and then this is the last university then we have. Okay, thank you. Federico, you are muted. You are muted. So, good morning everyone. I'm going to share my presentation. Please, can you please confirm if you can see that. Yes, we can. Okay, thank you. This is the full screen. Okay. I'm going to tell you the story of an alliance, an alliance in our territory. This is a project that is that has been implemented at the local level here in the province of Siena where I work and where I, where I live, but this project can can be implemented everywhere by virtue of its replicability. This is the story of a research project that has been translated into something else involving a lot of people in the surrounding. This is the Regis project that is the greenest gas inventory of the province of Siena. And since 2008 14 years ago, 13 years ago, the Regis project has been providing the greenest gas inventories in time series for the province. In part 75 ISO 1464 one. The method we are using for this very long project is based on 2006 IPCC the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines and the refinement by the same institute delivered in 2019. This makes the responsibility to assign responsibility to different actors, the geographical responsibilities in the case of the IPCC guidelines plus consumer based responsibility for some items. For example, electricity of waste generation in the province of Siena. We have a part of our electricity. From the geothermal production, we use the precautionary approach. And, as I can, as I said before, we had until 2015 the certification ISO. And it is also based on a bottom up approach that means that we try to monitor all the activities directly from the, the, the, our territory, instead of scaling down data from regional and country level. It consists in a GHG inventory consisting in four chapters that are energy industrial processes, waste is and agriculture forestry and other land use, which are in turn divided into a lot of items that demonstrate the impacts of the, of the problem of GHG emission that involve a lot of activity in the, in, in, in an area. At the same time, so we did with this disaggregation in many items we have the opportunity to understand which are the main sources of greenhouse gas and at the same time, to implement some measures some political administrative economic and environmental measures to improve the, improve the results. These are the results in 2008, we had the first year balance for 2006. The people were pretty good, because we understood that the local forest ecosystem were able to absorb almost 70% of the total GHG emission in the province. It was a good result and was accepted was taken into consideration by the political administration that implemented a parallel project a political project called sienna carbon free. In order to achieve the ambitious result of carbon neutrality by 2015 what is carbon neutrality is a very well known task that that everywhere is is a global task almost everywhere. That means that we have emissions, but these are completely compensated by the absorption capacity of the local ecosystem, especially forest ecosystem. Well, in 2011, after implementation of some policies based on our research, we could achieve this task and the province of sienna is now carbon neutral since 2011. All the emissions are completely absorbed compensated by the local ecosystem, and this result has been maintained until now. This is the result of 2019 as you can see, we have a very small margin for 2019 the number one in green corresponds to what we, we have, we still have in terms of absorption but we must, as you can imagine we must pay a great attention, because we risk, due to a, I don't know a fire or an economic reprise or something like that, we risk to lose the carbon neutral status, and this is a kind of warning for every one of us. These are, this is the tendency of the main items, the four chapter of the, the, the greenhouse gas inventory, and namely energy industrial processes was to send agriculture forest and other land use and the energy obviously is the pace, and plays the main role in in our balance. And as you can see, in the last years, we have an increase in the consumption of energy, it is a warning for for us. The dynamics of the project is very interesting because here after we have, we had a iterative process that start from research, the research is validated by any third institution that delivers the balance that certified balance to the province of provincial administration on the basis of certified data the province administration can implement policies and the year the successful year we can the next year we can validate the policies and trying, trying to find the effect that these policies had on on the on the general balance. But which are these policies, for example, energy savings they control the monitor of the public and private heating system, the incentive for renewable energy are very careful waste management with the contemporary management of different communication and dissemination is very important to let people know what we are doing. Antifier plans in the forest ecosystem, almost 45% of the entire land is covered by forest so this is very, very important public transport and mobility policies and so on, and so forth. With the political intervention and administrative implementation of measures and policies, we realized that all the people must be involved in this project, and this is the, the reason why we tried to create the alliance involving single persons families, schools organization association and especially enterprises that play an important role in emission and eventual and possibly in controlling this emission, all is about the, the goal number 13 of the agenda 2030 from the United Nations in general and to conclude, we are trying to move toward better knowledge and diagnostic tools for the society and the economy, and there are a lot. We have plenty of tools to monitor things tools which which can be considered as complement of the economic and social traditional tools. Greenhouse gas is one of them but we have a lot of possibility to know more and more and to make better and better choices for our life. The most interesting thing in this project is the dynamics that starts from the research, and then we have a lot of points involving communication, education awareness involvement, improvement of results territorial marketing, until the most important goal we have to achieve that is the sustainability of our system. This is a story that is very fascinating but is not for free, and is not and is not eternal, we must spend some efforts, energy money and intelligence to achieve this goal and maintaining. Thank you very much for your attention. Thank you very much Federico for the especially for the student we have seen how the university address this problem. You have seen that Florence propose with an example on annoying propose planting trees. Sienna propose what they've done in Sienna which is really a very good example of cooperation between the society and universities at the level of household. We have two firms because now we have two testimonial from firms. Let's see how the firms, and I'm sure that the first testimonial which is Federico bestiani will tell us something which is also very, very important because is on the solar panel so Federico is your turn. Thanks. Thank you very much for posting me. I introduced a little bit about myself, and then I will introduce about our company here in Vietnam. I am 30 years old, and I studied, of course in Italy in the university of Milan in the political. I am an engineer, and my, my, my field of study, apart from engineering was management and also I wrote a new class that was called sustainability and energy management. So that class was just started on the very first year when I joined. So it was a result of, of the initiative similar to the one we are seeing today, and that the course of study was started. And I had the opportunity to join to learn more about the application of engineering and management on the green energy field. A few years off of work in other companies where I learned a lot about the, about the work, life and the business. I set up our company in Vietnam, which is called BC. You can see the presentation right. Yes, we can. Perfect. So we, we are focused here in Vietnam on developing engineering and building solar systems for factories. This is my passion that that I learned in the, in the university and it's a good for me to have the chance and the opportunity to do it on a on a daily, on a daily basis. So we started in Vietnam in 2018. And since I graduated in the thousand and and 10, I brought my my experience on on on a theoretical level and also on a practical level into into this company. So what we're doing is engineering and construction operation and maintenance that we sometimes also invest ourselves in in some solar systems. And in these, in these three years we had a very good result, we achieve more than 10 megawatt of solar project and 46 projects to date. Some of our most notable projects are deep sea and the movie only that a lot of logic, we work mainly with European and Italian companies for the moment since it is very easy for us to communicate and the way the way we develop ourselves and we bring the solar energy for the factories in Vietnam is to make the factory owner more sensitive about the energy issues in Vietnam. So I will explain to you a little bit quickly the electricity market in Vietnam. You know very well, Vietnam have an economy that is growing very fast. And since Vietnam is a very industrial country, it has a lot of GDP is achieved from the industrial operations and industrial operation are very energy intensive. Therefore, the energy demand in Vietnam is growing steadily following very closely the GDP. In the future, we expect these energy demand to continue to grow. Up to now, Vietnam, in a similar way to Italy a few years ago, it has the share of the electricity production is done mainly with hydropower and coal. Vietnam in the past installed many hydropower plants. And now they basically here they run out of rivers suitable for the installation of hydropowers. So the main development is done with a coal with a coal power, which is of course a very reliable technology but it has many disadvantages in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and other externalities. That damage the environment. So, since Vietnam in these years is a really pointing to be a key player in the international market. He's pushing to renew his sustainability management by switching away from coal projects and increasing the use of more clean sources of power such as wind and solar and and also gas. Hopefully it will have in the future a electricity generation system that will be looking like more like Italy. There will be more use of renewable energy and natural gas and less use of coal. This effect creates, of course, some effect that in the future the price of the electricity when switching away from the coal power technology and using more renewable and gas sources to produce electricity. We can achieve a better result in terms of environment, but the cost of electricity is likely to increase because of the technology that is used to produce electricity is more advanced. And it takes a lot of investment to modernize the infrastructure to the generated electricity. So, we are very confident that in the future, the cost of electricity will rise. So, how, how we, how we approach the industries in Vietnam to make it more sensitive to the solar power. The solar power when combined with the rooftop of the factory, it has many advantages. One of these is that easy integration to the electrical system of the factory. It has a very big saving in the electricity bill. It reduces the temperature of the roof and it gives the commitment of sustainability of the factory. So here we can see an example as either from the production of the electricity when installing the solar panels on the roof of the factory in Vietnam, the temperature inside is reduced a lot. Because Vietnam, especially in the south where we are based, the temperature is very hot, especially in the factories, the use of steel buildings make the building very sensitive to the heat and to the temperature. And when installing the solar panels, there is a very, very good effect on the living conditions inside the factory. And of course, this program is increasing the sustainable supply chain. So this is an example of a factory load when using the solar power. We can see in the red line, the power used on the factory. For example, this factory is working day and night, so they work continuously. We can see in the red line is the power that the factory is consuming. And about 6am, the solar power starts to increase and for almost all the day, the solar power is covering most of the consumption, even in the middle of the day is higher than the consumption. In these days, we can really reduce the power use of this factory during the day, and considering on a monthly and a yearly plan, this factory can reduce the use of electricity by almost 4%, which is a great result. At the end, I want to close my presentation on giving some insight on my experience of study in Italy and working in Asia. So as I mentioned before, I studied in Milan, I studied engineering, and I joined this new, at that time, master in sustainability and energy engineering. It was really, really an amazing experience because I learned something that was very advanced at that time, and I'm still at this time putting into practice what I learned more than 10 years ago. So really, I feel so lucky about this. And not only inside the university, but through the university, I had the chance to make the internship in an Italian company that is a focus on energy, and I learned a lot in this internship. So what which advice I can give to the new students that are considering to make a study experience in Italy. There are very, very good advantages that the study environment in Italy can offer. The first one is a really advanced offer and comprehensive offer. So if you are interested on a subject that there is really no limit on the amount of information that you can get, and the professor is usually very supportive and that can give you some more textbooks or allow you to use the resources of the university to study more about the subject you like. In addition to that, there is a very big choice of extracurricular activities, for example, lab, workshop, factory visits, and Erasmus, like these really, these activities is very easy to do when you are in Italy because you are inside a European context. It's very easy to visit many countries at the same time and settle down in a new country, start from scratch and study a new country. It's not only meaningful for what you study there, but it is an amazing experience because it makes you start from zero by yourself. And it's very similar to what you will experience in the work and business life. One more thing is that I really admire the professor that I had. I was really inspired by the passion that they had and the amount of knowledge that they transferred to us. And when you have the chance of making an internship in Italy, it is a very good experience regardless of the salary. Some companies, they paid a very low salary for the internship, but you should not care about this because what you learn in the company, many companies in Italy they have maybe 50 years of experience or even more than 50 years of experience, you cannot get these almost anywhere in the world. So the way, the passion and the process that you find inside the Italian companies is very difficult to find it in other places. So I recommend you to make a study experience in Italy. Thank you very much for your interest and if you have more questions, you can contact me. Thank you Federico. This was exactly the purpose of this fair was study and work with Italy. So for the student is exactly this mixing of having the possibility of also working in Italy that is important and that was a characteristic of this fair. Now we have another two speakers which I will ask them to be very short if they can. One is Fabio Barletta, which is our second testimonial and then finally we have and we was a student in the Italian, Vietnamese student in the Italian system Fabio please the floor is yours Fabio Fabio Barletta you have to Fabio. Shall we do first and and can you speak first and then because possibly there is a problem with Fabio and please. Yes. Professor. So hello everyone, I am my name is one and I am attending master cost in international relations at University of Florence. Finally, I am attending unity after finishing my material cost in pizza. The reason that I choose unity is that it offers many courses that reach my concerns about environment and energy and climate change. Thanks to professors from only fee I am going to graduate in the end of this month. And the topic of the thesis is about sustainable development. The second thing that attracts me about the university is the international environment. So only fee offers courses both in Italian and in English, and I can choose as my preference. Moreover, the university also offers diverse language courses and activities for international students and about exchange program. The visa erasmus in Europe, unity also provides students many exchange opportunities outside European Union, for example in Korea in Vietnam. And in fact, last year I have had the opportunity to come back to my country for exchange program. And it was very useful for my preparation for my thesis. University of Florence also gives me the opportunities to participate in many international conferences and seminars, which are very essential for my study. And the last thing is about my life in Florence. As you may know Florence is very beautiful city and it's very rich of culture. So I enjoy going to visit museums, walking around city and it's great experiences about my life in Florence. And luckily my department is like very near the city center and it's very easy to go around the city because the public transport here is very convenient. So I think studying and living in Florence in Italy is one of my best experience in my life. But there is one thing that I want to recommend is that you should prepare well your Italian before coming in Italy, because I have had some big difficulties when I was in Italy for the first time. But now I speak Italian better than English because Italians are very very friendly and they always offer you help and they even when you have like difficulty with your language they will like talk to you and they will help you with your language. So it's all of my experiences. Thank you for your attention. Thank you very much and is a student which has been both in Pisa and in Florence. So here you have had basically three Tuscany universities in this webinar because and we work together, because in Tuscany we think is very very important to cooperate. They come to Florence they can go to Pisa to Siena and we work together and now you will see in the Fabio. I hope you have solved the technical problem I hope you can intervene and we will show you a video when you will actually see Tuscany also please Fabio. Good afternoon and excuse me for my English. I would like to introduce our company of innovative technologies. But before this I show who you are who we are with a very short video on the company. It should be. It's always been the search for uniqueness, lips, designers and new creators to elevate something from commonplace to exclusive treats. Our country has been a source of great inspiration. Newest development, research of materials, attention to detail, craftsmanship, precision and great dedication. These allow us to be the undisputed protagonists of the international scenarios. Thanks Fabio is your turn to say something more. The quality of production and the uniqueness of its core cradle. The company is is rather than many many years of experience of the two funders. I'm one of those. My name is Fabio Barletta. I have a successful experience in building supercar and my passion is research on composite material. Joaquino Barletta, my partner is creator of technique for the high fashion sector and has worked with the most important brand in the world. The idea was to create some time innovative and unusually, which no one has cool to be for who's this production name is leaflet. The years of research in 2018 we started production with home main office and the laboratory located in San Minato, Tuscany. The economic and the geologic difficult of our country have made with Valvet international market where the leaflet production has met with great interest and such as in less than two years we expanded and now we have a whole office in Moscow, in Tanto, Ronto and Sofia and the health quarter is located in Milan. We had a plan to go to Vietnam but unfortunately last year's the COVID pandemic stopped whose we didn't make to Vietnam and we are now waiting for the moment to arrive as soon as possible. But the analysis, the histories and the growth of this country, thanks to the relationship we have established with the Italian Chamber of Commerce, ICHAM, have lowered whose to present and collect a lot of interest in the whole production and whole attention to artisan detail with Webinaria. This convinced who's to focus on this country by opening an office in Hanoi. Why Vietnam? Vietnam for who's is an important nation but for the continuous development of the markets and has reference point for the Asian markets. For this reason, we consider future relationship with this country important and we believe in an excellence future. Thank you so much. Thank you very much Fabio. We are really at the end of the webinar but I would like to ask some of the students who are present here especially from Vietnam, whether you have any question on Professor Ferrini, Professor Pulselli, Daniele La Rosa, Cristina Sutriani or Federico Bastiani. Yes, please won't come. Unmute yourself. Good morning everybody. Can you see me well now? Yes. Okay, so first of all, I really thank you to Professor Giovanni and speaker to sharing these opportunities and sharing the world. So it's very interesting. From my side, I mean, I'm from, I'm from Vietnam, of course, and currently I'm a post doc research in CMCC, a room Mediterranean Center on Climate Change. And also I'm former president of Vietnamese student association in Italy. So it was last year. So from my side, I really interested in the presentation of Professor Daniele La Rosa and Professor Cristina Astra Satirano.  So my first question is, is there any possibility that we can cooperate somehow. In the university and my research center and also kafoscari university because CMCC also part of kafoscari university. So recently in 2018 we found a new research center called CMCC Coachella kafoscari. And because also we have some similar costs here in climate change on climate change and related like the problem and sustainability. My second one at the former, at former president of Vietnamese association in Italy so I have like many contact with a student here. So I would like to add like if you have any chance or possibility or if you would like to connect with like Vietnamese student here so I'm here I'm willing to have and connect you with our community. I wanted to comment from my side so I don't know if Professor Daniele or Professor Cristina have some answer. Thank you. Let's see whether there is any other question before I give the floor to the speakers. Is there any other question from students. No so one of you, Christina. So thank you very much. We are very happy that you enjoyed this presentation and of course we are very positive about any collaboration and that's that's that will be a great pleasure to interact with you and then I think it's the same for Daniele. Yeah, yeah, I would like to add some something more more practical about how to make this the interaction. First of all, I think I for both the project that will be some training that will be done about the topics of the the project in Italy. So if you think you could be interested or some of your colleagues could be interested I think this could be you it would be possible to join even if you are not directly part of the of the project and something another thing about this that this this project are also are also having associated partners that could be added even after the project has started. So another possibility is that if you're interested with the with the topics of the projects that you can you or your the association of students that you were that you are part of that you were talking before could be part of the of the project and as an associate partner so please feel free to contact us I don't know if you had the possibility to note our email address or you can find in the web and we will discuss in any moment. Thank you very much. Yeah, of course, then you have all the email and everything in the slides which will be available the recording of this webinar will be available. And then all the universities are actually presenting themselves in the specific pages of the fair so you can find all the contacts and all the courses specialization postdoc opportunities and things like that. Yeah, thank you very much for the answer. Yeah so for sure I already take the screenshot of the contest so I will be in touch with you in the future. And of course, as president of Vietnamese Association one of the main aim of this fair was exactly to get in touch with more Vietnamese students. It would be very good to be in touch with you and reach out some Vietnamese student for a student to enroll in our courses, but also for traineeship maybe because maybe the facilitated traineeship because that could also be like Federico was suggesting a very good way to exploit the fact of being in Italy or the fact of having the knowledge sharing share knowledge with factories firms in Italy. Another question. Yeah, Marco Beatty. In the chat says that Marco Beatty is the science that Shane and I it's discovered times which make moving difficult contact him. If you think I can support cooperation between Italy and Vietnam from here. So this is actually very good. We work very closely with the science attache usually all the universities because it's very very important for the university to have contact with the. I mean, with the embassy or the consulate but through the scientific attache because they know much better they are from university background they know much better what are the problems and they can really help us thanks Marco for this. So if there is no other question from the student, nor from all the participants. Let me thank really thank all the participants. I mean, of course the two university which helped me to organize this webinar, but especially Federico Fabio because I think that their testimonial have been particularly important. Federico actually also linked the way the study where he studied the atmosphere the environment what he studied the fact that in Italy, we are much better than what actually the ranking international ranking say if you come and experience the courses. It's so I think it came out very clearly from what Federico said that is very important Italian university. They have a lot of courses, some of them are really innovative, some of us are not may not be, but some of them are really really competitive and therefore this is not caught many times by international ranking but I think we are competitive at the world level, and I think you can learn a lot by coming for it to Italy so for the students applied to any Italian university we are not here to compete with really we are here actually to cooperate. I believe very strongly in cooperation that's what we do in Tuscany we cooperate between university and that's very important and we want to cooperate more with firms. So thank you very much to Fabio Federico for their testimonial. Thank you for to the students for participating and for the colleagues for their presentation which I thought were very interesting and very challenging, and we saw very different today for the future with all the trees presented by Francesco Ferrini with no emission, moving Siena to annoy from Federico and with all the project that Daniel and Christina showed so thanks to everyone. If you have no question. You. I thank you and bye bye. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Bye bye.


Yn ddau'r eich hoffi, mae'r ddweud yna yw Lys Charge, unrhyw ychydig yn y ddweud yma ar yr ysgolol yn ddweud ym Lys. Mae'r yrhyw yn ddweud yma ar y dyfodol a chyfodol, yn y ddweud yma ar y ddweud yma ar y ddweud yma ar y ddweud yma. on display here on the front, so, if you haven't already, I strongly encourage you to wander over at some point and have a look. It's here in the middle, but it's the long way up to the box. The manuscript I'm talking about is named to be General Pedro Geneda, de la Bersu, which we will translate as a general wagoner of the South Sea. This manuscript has a fascinating and very compelling backstory which I'm going to be talking a bit about today. I'm also going to mention briefly how it's tied into my own research as a PhD student. I work on the historical geography of Patagonia, which is how I came to be interested in this really fascinating piece. There are a lot of stretches from Mexico all the way down to the Straits of Agelon in its cartography, so it's been really influential and important for my own research. I'll start by just going a bit into the background of this piece, what we do know about it and what we don't, before contextualising it as a piece of cartography in its general Spanish canon. I'll also end by offering some reflections on the art of the lives it's had, particularly in the sphere of English cartography. I thought that was a clip of you. So, the Delo Pedro was acquired by the society at some point in the 19th century. We don't know where it came from. It may have come from Spain, but we don't have any kind of solid evidence to link it to anywhere in particular, apart from its place of production. This is a manuscript that was, it contains 147 charts that would have been drawn by hand and likely produced by a workshop. It's noteworthy that the place of production, one of the things that we do know about this mysterious piece, is Panama. Panama was not a significant site of artistic production in the colonial period in Latin America, or necessarily a cartographic production in this particular kind of style, although it's positioned at the juncture of northern South America and there's a place that was incredibly transitory that lots of good people and ships would have been passing through. Most likely facilitated the access to the large number of pieces of cartography that would have needed to have been consulted to produce such a piece that covers such a large area of space. No cartographer or artist is named on the front of this piece of this manuscript. We only have the date and the location. The dedication is to the Virgin Mary, which is pious as it is, unfortunately, in the contemporary eros, and tell us very much about who was commissioning it. So, these 147 charts depict the Pacific coastline of the Americas from Baja California in Mexico, all the way down to Cape Horn in present-day Chile, and to cover the distance of over 20,000 kilometres, which is quite extraordinary. I'll show you a couple of images from this piece. We start in Baja California. We move down to Acapulco in Mexico. Obviously, a really important and significant port in Spanish Americas at this time, particularly in key to the Manila Gallean trade, because this is where they wouldn't have been leaving from. We move on to Guatemala, which has some really incredible representations of erupting volcanoes. Panama City, which, obviously, is another important page in this book, because it would have been where the Atlas was produced. Lima, obviously another really important Spanish port, shown here as the Ciudad de los Reyes, a city of the kings, and its port arm of Cadyal. Chile and Chile, which was another important Spanish stronghold in terms of the defence of the Straits of the Jalan. Finally, we finish up in the Straits and in Tierra del Fuego. We can see that this is both a beautiful and a significant item, in terms of its scope and also its decor. Some of the details that I've highlighted on this page here show you exactly how elaborate this piece really is. We have examples of silver leaf application. You probably can't quite make it out from this image on the right-hand side. The houses are actually metallic, they're rendered in silver leaf. There are applications of gold leaf as well in the manuscript. As Peter Barber has already pointed out in his research on this piece, the intricacy of the ship that we have shown here, and the level of detail and accuracy shows that whoever would have been drawing these aspects in the derotado had quite an accurate and thorough knowledge of these kinds of vessels, and it wasn't necessarily the kind of knowledge you'd expect an artist or a cartographer necessarily to have had. There are a number of really fascinating techniques that we can pinpoint in the derotado, and this has not least shown in the impressive watercolour rendering of the relief, which hopefully you might have noticed in the images I've just shown you. But the calligraphy as well is also really impressive and beautiful. You can see an example of that on this lovely face on the left-hand side here. It's clear that this piece was very skillfully executed and had a large amount of money invested in its production. So what is a derotado? What exactly are we talking about here? The Spanish translation of the word derotado alone is a root or a course, and in English, in the cartographic sphere, it would have been rendered as either a rudder, which is the term that emerged from French cartography for books that would have contained coastal profiles used for navigation, or as a wagoner, which is named after the Dutch cartographer for the same name, who pioneered a new kind of cartographic format based on pilot books incorporated maritime charts, as well as sailing directions. Spanish derotados are quite ubiquitous, and many of them would have been made for travel to the Americas and Spain, for travel within the Americas, along postlines, or from the Americas to the Philippines in particular. We can find numerous examples of these, which kind of facilitate our understanding of the piece to be happier in the society as a unique and special example of this format of cartography, and I'm now going to draw some comparisons with some other Spanish derotados and the piece that we have here in front of us today to show just how special it really is. So, this image you can see here is an example from a derotado that's found at the Oriole Academia de la Historia in Madrid, and I put this up because I want to demonstrate that derotados were often functional documents. They were very much intended for practical use by navigators, and consequently a lot of them have additional notes, annotations or sections added to them, which can make dating them quite difficult at times. Spanish ones as well in the rudder style often feature a lot of text because they would have been set in sailing directions. So, these pieces provide a really fascinating insight into navigational practices in this period in the 17th century in colonial Latin America. But as you can see here in this example, the style is much more naive than the images that I've shown you in the piece that we have here on the table. This is another image from the same derotado, and as you can see here that typical of a barata format, the coastal views are provided with notes alongside them for the navigator. Above all, this is a practical item. It's not really intended for decoration, and the way that the notes have been squeezed at different angles will show you how it would have been a working document in this period. So, I've put up here another example which is housed at the Museo Navarra in Madrid. This is actually a very interesting and unusual option and further unusual object is it's actually an 18th century copy of a 17th century derotero, potentially the one that I've just shown you from the Real Academia, which speaks of the kind of complex and interesting circulations of these kinds of pieces. It's filled with notes as well, and it also includes various pieces of documentation rendered in different hands. It's a real working navigational document. The derotero format then is certainly an easily locatable and important one, as we can see in these various kinds of examples. As you can now hopefully see, the piece that we have here in society is heads and shoulders above many of the other functional derotero documents that we can identify in the Spanish cartographic canon, mainly in terms of style and composition, but we can see that the derotero house here is very well constructed, linear, and quite clearly and immediately planned out. There's a lot of thought that's gone into this piece, and it's very much a commission rather than a practical working document. So, now that we know a little bit more about the context of production and the formats of these sorts of cartographic items, I highlighted earlier many of the things that we don't know about this really fascinating item, so I'm going to turn now to what we do actually know and what I have been able to find out in my own research on this piece, which actually is tangential to my PhD, but it's such a fascinating item, I just can't leave it alone, but it does keep me up at night. So, it's almost like we have a game of cartographic cludo on our hands. We've got the location, we've got the date, but we have no culprit. So, I've been searching the derotero for clues, and I pinpointed a couple of things that I started off with that I thought were significant. So, I started off by looking into this image of the crown that we have on the frontus piece. Unfortunately, that didn't get me anywhere, but if we do have any experts on Spanish heraldry in the room, please find me afterwards. So, I then decided to look into a couple of other items after the crown. The crown saga wasn't for a while, so I decided to look in the potential connection to the Order of Malta, which has been highlighted by Pete Barber in his research on this piece. As you have mentioned in the text, although there's no cartographer on several pages, we do have names of individuals based on this region mentioned, and I'll talk a bit about that in a minute. And also the copies of this piece, because although as wonderful as it is, it's not actually the only existing copy of this item that is another one. So, the Maltese process that we have popping up in the derotero, there are two of them in the manuscript, and they appear at fairly random locations I did investigate and I couldn't find these are not significant places. The first one's in Guatemala, the second one's in Panama. I couldn't make any connection with the location in which these two symbols appear. So, with no patron or cartographer to investigate, I decided to look into the names that do pop up in the atlas. There are a couple shown in what is now El Salvador, giving the location of local shipbuilders, which obviously would have been very useful were you a navigator. And I also looked into this one that you can see up here, which is the location of a horse farm owned by one Luis Delgado del Rojas. And this is very preliminary research at this stage, but I have found evidence of El Luis Delgado del Rojas through the Spanish archive database. Unfortunately, I haven't seen the actual manuscript that it refers to, but there was a Luis Delgado del Rojas who was associated with the Order of Malta, who was a cavalry leader, which explained the horse connection, who was primarily based in Catahena in India, which is now in Colombia, which is located very close to Panama City and would have very much been in constant and important, especially military and naval contact in the 17th century. So, there's a potential reinforcement there on the connection to the Order of Malta, potentially with the production of this piece. Another connection that we do potentially have with the Order of Malta is the President Governors of Tierra Firme, which is the province that would have included Panama in the 17th century. Two of them that you can see listed here, Juan Pérez de Guzmán y Gonzaga and Agustín de Brafamonte, who will both empower around the time of the access to production in 1669, were also members of the Order of Malta. So, this, again, potentially indicates the connection of the production of this piece with the Order, particularly as it would have been quite heavily financed. So, moving on to the copies. We have one exact copy of this piece that's housed at the Huntington Library in the USA. I think part of what makes us such a fascinating manuscript is this very turbulent afterlife that it's kind of had. And this copy that's at the Huntington was always thought to have been the one that was stolen by English pirate Henry Morgan in 1671 during the siege of Panama. And the Huntington copy is dated the same year as the one we have here. It was also made in 1669, but interestingly it appears to have been made in a different hand, which points to a kind of workshop format production most likely. So, since the rediscovery, I guess, of this manuscript that we have here, we don't know exactly for certain where this one originated from, but whichever was the stolen copy, we can definitively say that one of the copies of this piece was definitely still in the Americas after 1671. I've located another fairly naïve Verrotero in the Montaill Naval in Madrid that includes material that's copied from the Verrotero that we have here among other items. Most notably, all of the text that's in the original Verrotero has been copied. This section at the bottom here is directly copied from the Acapulco page that I showed you earlier on. And as you can see once again, this is very much a functional working document that would have been used in navigation in the Americas. And the author of this text actually notes that this copy was being made in Lima in 1675 with materials provided by range of mariners, some of them stolen. So, I don't know, I don't think that this would have been one of the stolen pieces, but I'd love to know what he was actually working with. So, we have also a further copy that's been brought to light that was made in 1697. So, considerably later than the 1669 production day of the original Verrotero. And this one's actually held in the private collection, but most notably it's also it was also produced in Panama. So, this points to the potential existence of a watch that was still producing into the 1690s. It's incredibly close and style. It's actually a larger format. It's a larger piece than the one that we have here. But notably all of the text as far as I've been able to discern because this is a very incomplete piece. I think we only have about 20 charts compared to 147 here. It does seem to be an exact copy, but again it's rendered in a third hand which points to the very interesting and wonderful circulations and reproductions of this item. So, I mentioned the Henry Morgan theft earlier and this the arrival of this manuscript in England obviously led to a number of copies. Although another theft of a different Spanish Verrotero in 1681 by English pirate Bartholomew Sharp on the coast of South America also led to copies being made of what we believe to be a similar document notably by English cartographer William Hack. So, we don't know exactly which Verrotero Sharp's cruise stole, but it definitely looks to have been a variant of the piece that we have here in the society. So, we can see that the Verrotero certainly had a really fascinating quite mesmerising afterlife and its contents however they were acquired quite dramatically altered English knowledge of Spanish possessions on the coast of the Americas. As you can see from the Acapulco page here of the English copy that was made by Hack from whichever document was stolen by Bartholomew Sharp. And this influence on English cartography as we can see in this next example actually in George and this is a map made by claiming English cartographer Herman Marl in 1711 of the South Sea companies trading limits in the Americas. And some of you might, some of you with very keen vision might have picked up on this the style that we have represented in these smaller scale charts here on the top of the map. It appeared to have been copied either from most likely from the Hackwagoners and this speaks to just how important this information was when it arrived in England, the fact that it is still being copied decades later particularly in the regions in the south of what is now Chile where cartographic information was incredibly scant during this period. You can see here the comparison of the Chiloé page from the Dematerra and also the Chiloé map from Hack's larger map of the South Sea companies trading limits you can note that the forms of the land masses are incredibly similar. So clearly there was a a dearth of cartographic information about this region that was still being filled at this period and the English in particular were incredibly keen for knowledge of this region because Spain essentially had a significant monopoly on access to the Pacific at this point so stealing an item like this was incredibly dramatic and had a very important influence on diplomacy and cartography in the Americas. So just a couple of final thoughts to round off. The society appears to have the best copy of this Dera Dera that I have been able to see. It does appear to be superior to the Huntington version and I have been able to see a very poor microform of their copy but you can certainly see in the kinds of shading that we have in the Huntington copy that this one appears to be rendered in superior in a more refined hand. It's a really important and a unique resource for understanding cartographic practices and Hispanic knowledge of the Pacific in the 17th century and it's also been a really interesting resource for me for learning about Patagonia it actually told me that I was looking to see if there was any new information about Patagonia in the Dera Dera as it appears in a kind of gap in Spanish navigation to that region in cartography and unfortunately there's nothing new in there but it's useful as a touchstone for a reference to that late 17th century knowledge of that region and it evidences the really significant and enduring influence of Hispanic cartography and English matrimony in particular and I'm really grateful to the society for letting me come and look at this piece and it's really wonderful so do please have a look at some point today. Thank you very much.


Side by sides, always spectacular on the high speed roads here at Scouts Rally SA. Third place, what, under Ian Hughes and David Piper. Mate, big weekend. Just got picked by a couple of quick guys today, didn't ya? I did, I did. Look, Nathan had a bit of drama, which was good because he was flying. Nothing else to say, he's absolutely on fire. We could not get near him. We were pushing as hard as we could, if not harder and we just couldn't get near him, so good on him. That's what that's about, isn't it, David? You guys have got great speed as well, so everyone in this series is driving the wheels off these things. They're amazing to watch. They are, they are. As Ian said, we're pushing as hard as we could. We couldn't find any time anywhere, hands down underneath and you just drove like a champ, like you've done really well to pull them times in them stages. Yeah, he was doing good. But don't underestimate what you guys have said at all year. Your times compared to particularly our guests here in Crocker who have championships with Galore, are you amazed at the pace that you guys are showing and you're learning that pace, and you're getting quicker and quicker each time? You could be knocking on the door, sir. Yeah, look, I mean, you don't realise it until you go back through when I first started four years ago and on a 20k stage, I'd be nearly a minute behind Cody. Really? And then now you sort of look at it now and you can get within four seconds, two seconds, sometimes beating him if you're lucky on big stages like that, and we have come a long way and you learn to use your pace notes and answers. Yeah, it's been good. It's good to see the improvements. Nathan, Shiv, isn't that until a congratulation second for the weekend, but mate, that heat when yesterday was awesome, you drove sensationally. Everyone's been saying it. Yeah, thank you. Yeah, I had a really good day yesterday. The car felt great. Adam's notes were awesome. He's got the local knowledge that helps. And yeah, the team didn't have to barely touch the car and it was just all going well. So it was good to get Cody and get Ian and get Gesty on a few stages and get a heat win. Yeah, it was great. Can't lose sight of the fact that you guys are on a private-tier budget competing against a couple of works cars, you know, in Gesty and Crocker. Pretty amazing what you and even Hoosie does, isn't it? Yeah, it was pretty interesting. You see the guys putting fresh air to rubber on and we're looking at ours going, I think we might swap them round the other way. We'll get as much use out of them as possible. And then today, you know, a bit of teamwork. Gesty gave us a set of tyres, some second-hand ones, but hey, they were better than what we had. So yeah, we're able to push on a day. And yeah, to get a couple of stage wins today as well was pretty impressive. We're pretty happy. Man, it seems like a real step up this weekend. Yeah, you have some troubles on certain rallies and things, but this round just went great. But you're driving and the combination here is sensational. It's really working well to finish the season off. It is, yeah, really. It's good note to finish the season. That's right. The cars, we knew it had the potential. We just had to iron a few things out and it was just good to get a bit of confidence behind the wheel. And big thanks to Anglemall for their support and can-am. It's an awesome car and I just want to do some more rallies now. It's great. And as if we haven't heard this before, winners of the rally, winners of the season, I can't remember how many tiles there's been now, how many rounds, but congratulations to Cody Crocker and Greg Follata in the pelage. You've done it again, well done, boys. Yeah, Greg will count that up for you. Actually, give me the stats in a minute. Yeah, and I'm pretty happy about that. It's been a big season. We were sort of, I guess, almost the underdogs to start the season and we've come through. So we're more than wrapped. You know, that's beaten our expectations for this year. So, awesome. Greg, we lose sight of that a little bit. You've won the championships. The playoffs seem to be dominated. Can-am come out with their maverick. It's been a mental year, just reliability. But they've had you on your toes. You've had to play this really, really hard. Yeah, we thought the battle was going to be with Gesty, but then what happens this weekend? Nathan's taking time off us on almost every stage. So I think he's probably won more stages than anyone this weekend. So, it's got some speed. That's for sure.  Can't lose sight of what they guys do. Tell me what it's like to have won ARC Asia Pacific and now these guys. You're driving them every bit as committed as you would a rally car. Absolutely, it's the same thing. You know, it doesn't matter whether it's got 120 horsepower or 250. It's the same thing. You're committed. They're so equal, obviously. You can see, I think we finished 3.4 seconds behind Nathan yesterday. I don't know whether I could find another 3.2 seconds in there. You know, we were really pushing on. It wasn't letting off at all. And yeah, that's how much commitment we've got to make here. And we are pushing into those crests and things. You know, I remember some notes now I'm just thinking through and you think, is that crest six right? I don't think I could have gone any quicker. You know, we were really committed in just about everywhere. So full on, full attack. With you guys, we know it's true. I'm talking for later. They've done it again.


Directly ahead of us is the maybe most exciting talk of this year's RC3 with a huge impact on the civil society. One of our speakers has been active in Hamburg for a long time and in the tailor shopping, Snoopy, is in CCC Cologne and stopped the cameras within Reclaim Your Face and the website ReclaimYourFace.eu is very interesting indeed. There is an initiative against biometric surveillance and Cantorkel and Snoopy, they used Fragt in Start, a German website for Freedom of Information Act inquiries, so they contacted a lot of departments. It's about video surveillance, biometrics and also the handling of biometric data also for some science projects. So, hello Cantorkel and Snoopy. Yeah, thank you for the nice introduction. I will sometimes say let's switch to the next slide, such as now. Snoopy and I, within the last year, we had a lot of Fragt in Start inquiries. This is not a talk about that, not done by Fragt in Start. But I have the logo because without this very nice platform we couldn't have done what we did. So, thanks to them, a big thanks to them. So, next slide please. In this talk we will talk about four inquiries in more detail and also the initiative stopthecameras.org. So, kamerastoffen.org in German. Why did we do this? What did we ask for in detail? And a short summary. Then Snoopy will talk about a very, very big inquiry using the platform Fragt in Start. We asked almost 200 police departments in Germany and often about video surveillance. And in the end we'll talk about what we learned and what we might improve upon ourselves. Links and everything we mentioned will be in the description of the talk. Most of it is in there already and many things will be added later. So, let's start with the first inquiry. How is it that we make those inquiries? So, we read on maybe netpolitik.org in English that an energy provider wants to help add surveillance to the public space. So, video surveillance in the public space is not nice in itself and give that to a private energy company. Makes it even worse. So, we became curious. We wanted to know more about the background and so we opened Fragt in Start.de. So, this is what it looks like and we do it once for an example. So, in this case I entered on the web page that I would like to ask the city of Karlsruhe. And then you click on search, suchen in German. And then I formulated a question, a request. So, I tried to give it a short but meaningful title, use the standard text and just put in which documents specifically I would like to have. At that moment I didn't even know if those documents exist but I just assumed they would because it's about video surveillance in the public space. So, I thought there must be a risk assessment for this. And if the city works together with a private company then there should be a contract as well. Okay. So, if we click through, we get a preview of the request of the inquiry before actually sending it. Do the next click. It is on its way to the city. In this case I didn't only request information from the city but also the data protection office of the state Baden-Württemberg, the LFDI. Also the ministry of the interior. And so, because I already knew that they are involved in some form. And the LFDI said no, there is no documents on that. Even though, even publicly, it was claimed that the LFDI tested the system. So, this was surprising and the ministry of the interior answered as well. And it was even more surprising because they gave us the estimation of the LFDI. And they said, yeah, what happens here should be fine. The city cards itself didn't provide any documents to us, no contract, nothing else because it was still in planning so they couldn't provide anything. There was nothing to be provided yet. So, even though the results of the request were miscellaneous or mediocre, it was still a success because it turned out that Entropia EV became aware of this project. Before it was discussed in the regional local council, they told them why it's a damn bad idea. And then, on the next day, there was the voting and the big headline was that it voted against this automated video surveillance. Well, to be completely transparent, one would have to say that it didn't have enough votes in favor and was therefore failed. But still, that's a very good result for us. Now, let's get to the next request. This is a nice project that we have in bad memory. The pilot project facial recognition at the Berlin Sudkreuz train station. The results were more than mediocre and showed that what was planned in terms of face recognition was pretty bad. It turned out pretty bad and the police still sold it as a success. I wasn't too moved by that project, but I stumbled across this right here. I like searching the Federal Gazette for some keywords and this got into my attention. There was a question in how far German police officers are deployed to foreign missions. And there was this one line that said that police officers were stationed abroad for the continuation of the project facial recognition at the Prague airport in Czech Republic. So I contacted the Federal Police because they were involved in the facial recognition project in Berlin. I wanted some documents about the planning of that project and I didn't get any results because apparently this was only informal information. So I became skeptical because I couldn't imagine that several police officers would travel to Prague and there would be no documentation about that. I also talked about that with a member of the Bundestag and the result was a written request that also got a contentless answer and another request that also didn't lead to any promising results. I still didn't know what this police deployment in Prague was all about. So the questions and answers weren't just about this police exchange, which was another request, but the result was that the Federal Criminal Police was involved again with the answer that this was an informal meeting without documentation. But still I didn't believe that police officers just go to Prague just like that without any documentation. I contacted some friends at NTO Jure in Czech Republic because Czech Republic also has an information freedom act and we also didn't get any information there so maybe I was just too skeptical or too pessimistic but maybe this was all on purpose so that we wouldn't be able to find out anything about it. I would have wished for some more results from this meeting. You can see that I sometimes search Federal documents for certain keywords and another contained a note on facial recognition systems that should be looked into and that sounded interesting. I wanted to read the project report so I made a request and this request was successful and this is what I got. It's an evaluation report. I even got it on time. But it's not the original report but you can see the water sign. It's a copy that was modified for this request. The names of companies were replaced by letters so I couldn't know which companies were involved in that. But something else was very interesting. I won't go into the technical details about which company made a lot of profit but the first part where the scope of the study was mentioned and it said that 3 million half profile pictures were analyzed and 5 million frontal face pictures. The Federal Criminal Office just gave the Fraunhofer Institute 8 million face pictures. I have my doubts as to whether this is legal. I think there would have been other means to review that software and this is why I contacted the Federal Data Protection Officer in April 2021 and in December 2021 I sent a follow up question. Let's move to the next project G20 in Hamburg. That's a few years ago but still it's very much important to us because in 2020 over a million terabyte in image and video material has been collected by the police for biometric evaluation. The software B-Demo was used with that and the Hamburg Data Protection Officer had his doubts that this was all in due process and he asked the police to delete that database which did not happen. The police just ignored the data protection officer. They even sued him. The litigation went to the next instance and still hasn't been finished yet. There were some reports in the press about the case but I still sent a request about it. My first request was erroneous. I asked for the data protection effect assessment and this happened before the GDPR was published or entered into force so an effect analysis was not necessary then but I got counseling from the Data Protection Officer which was very helpful so I asked for certain documents that were mandatory according to the old regulations and I also got some documents with the help of the Hamburg Data Protection Officer and some other documents I wasn't able to get. One document that was very interesting was the so-called Errichtungsanordnung which was only a draft version and it's therefore excluded from the information obligation but I of the opinion that this was no longer a draft even though it said draft on top of it but what was even more interesting is that over the scope of a few years a biomedical database was operated by the police without the document mandating in it the so-called Errichtungsanordnung was ever signed. So normally if a file is being kept for three months or more you would have to have such an order signed and this wasn't signed. Now this takes us to Cologne. Yes, thank you. I will report on Kameras Stoppen which is an initiative from Cologne against the video surveillance by the police president of Cologne. The police president of Cologne has after the Cologne Sylvester night the police president and his office after the night 2015 to 2016 the Sylvester night, the New Year's night they increased surveillance considerably and we are really working against it. Within the initiative I said a few demands for information by now it's 17 of them I will add a link to those and the problem here is that we never really received an answer from the police. The police always said no because of public safety we cannot give out information and also the data protection office help didn't really help us and the police remain stubborn and doesn't want to give up a drop of information. Sometimes they take another reason then public safety, there is data protection laws that they like to abuse but when in doubt they like to quote public safety and we thought because we got some experience with demands what is it like in other cities and so we had some ideas and we know from Praktinstadt asked the state a website that you can ask they have a tool where you can ask several cities at once so you have to register once that's relatively simple and easy and then we sent out a very big inquiry because police is complicated in Germany it's in the domain of the state and there is a lot of local police things happening for example there's different names so you can't use a text filter to get all police departments from this list and we clicked a lot until we thought well we got all the police we found all the police that might help us and then we created our inquiry we all in all 195 police departments were found and then we also sent them an inquiry in the text, this is the text that we sent with our experiences we learned a lot ideally we would have everything but it's difficult to write that in your inquiry so you have to specify it a bit more so the police know what exactly we want to have so the most important things are where are video cameras so where is it, what does it see and how much energy does it take then as we reported on earlier then we wanted that we wanted the installation orders and we wanted the assessment of risk for data protection and how far are the capabilities of AI are similar intelligent video surveillance possibilities and then we wanted all the administrative stuff so we can check that everything is in order then we sent that out and this is the results that we got we can see on the left that 70 answers that we got and with 125 departments we never received anything no life sign we reminded some of them still no answer and they just play death for time reasons we spent some time and maybe not all of them not all of the data protection offices we didn't include all of those and asked for help and mediation but maybe next year there will be a talk about that but if we look at these results in detail then we can see that it's a good news the answers we got only three refused outright so 13 refusals and the other answered to some capacity that if we look at those more closely it doesn't look as nice not one of them was complete even if one department or the other sent us 95 or 99 of the information that we wanted to have all of them are just partially filled out and eight of them were mostly not many then the refusals we already had then there were a few that answered that they don't have any video surveillance also a good hint so we know that they don't have anything at the moment then depending on the state there is police departments that say we don't really take care of that and we don't like to answer those requests send it to the ministry or the office of interior and then a few of them grant to a halt in the process of being answered so we got an answer but then while talking they stopped answering at some point there are several reasons for that why it might be an administration I don't know but a few also we couldn't follow up on because maybe sometimes they demanded confusing fees or we had no further ideas and we just gave up a few of those as a last category there is technical mistakes or errors we have a few where the email address just didn't work but it was an answer and that's where we put it so the successes I want to show one of our successes was in Ofenburg in the state of Baden-Württemberg there we got almost all information from the police to existing video surveillance installations the image is a small cut out of the risk assessment that the technological it describes the technological side you see how the police try to do everything properly at least on the diagram and in addition there is a lot of text and instructions and the only thing that was missing was information about the size of the cameras and how much energy they need that's what they didn't want to tell they wanted to get the information by hand but would have had to demand the fee we didn't know how much that would be so we didn't do that but they were really helpful and gave nice information then another success in the city of Mannheim in the state of Baden-Württemberg finally it's the other way around they gave us the physical dimensions and the power demands just immediately apparently they had it lying around other than that they included a lot of information some details are missing and very interesting was in the city because in the answer to AI they talked about a cooperation with the Fraunhofer Institute that there was a contract they couldn't give us because it's confidential who knows about the request of information laws knows that confidentiality is no reason to keep it back which is why we made a new inquiry including this contract unfortunately that wasn't answered it's not completely done the police department of Mannheim wrote us that they are talking to the data protection officer who is also responsible for this inquiry and they are talking about the details so we have to ask back because that would really be interesting and they promised to get back to us but nothing as of yet so maybe a small overview over the states what we received what kind of information we received so we know that who knows about this inquiry law and freedom of information act that it's a state thing Siberia, Niedersachsen and Sachsen those states don't have this law they don't have a freedom of information act and they didn't really answer and Hassan didn't include the police in their freedom of information act and if they answered they didn't really react so they blocked but Niedersachsen another Saxony maybe they tried so they gave a link to the police department's website and they did include some information or lower Saxony it's called they had some information also some had pictures they had some pictures with all the cameras marked so that was nice and funnily enough we already heard that in the talk of Lilith and Hongkaze sometimes it's difficult with the administration one website was broken and it just threw errors and we don't know what's wrong there what I found that in North Rhine Westphalia we wrote too many but got few responses Cologne blocks entirely Oberhausen answered not at all they answered that there is nothing and otherwise there is not many responses from North Rhine Westphalia so maybe we have to talk to the data protection officer and talk Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen-Anhal, Schleswig-Holstein and on the federal level everything is done by the Office of Interior so it makes sense to write them directly and we did get an answer by them also then some special cases that are interesting that we encountered so first the sad stuff with the federal police so they answered that everything in connection with them is classified in principle so we didn't even get things with blackened information and they insisted on this because this was very important to us because they have a lot of surveillance in train stations and the federal data protection officer didn't really help unfortunately he just looked at the laws and said yeah it's classified they want to keep it classified and I found that very sad and in another case a mediation in a similar case was successful so this really made me sad then a curiosity in Heinsberg the police department asked us to provide a copy of our ID after a polite information about the freedom of information act they didn't insist and said yeah we don't do video surveillance that could have been faster and that confused me then in Sachsen-Anhalt they had several departments that sent lists of fees that differed so differing fees and so every one of them had different fees and that really confused us what we were supposed to do with that information the sad thing is that it's quite expensive there as well so that kept us from from really acting so it was up to over 500 euros so it worked as a deterrent with us and Schleswig-Holstein was that so Schleswig-Holstein had one city that has a bit of video surveillance the fees that were quoted were 153.56 euros but they never wanted the money they never asked for it and we say that with the risk of them remembering suddenly but it's still a sign for me that these fees maybe are just used as a deterrent to just block these inquiries yeah, in Goetting in the state of Lower Saxony they are not subject to Freedom of Information Act or they are not bound by it and they sent a 404 in their answer and there was a small mishap in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern everything has to be handed in written or on the phone so they write it down and because I configured it wrongly or the account that we used was configured wrongly it didn't send out faxes yeah it was misconfigured and so we didn't keep the forms correctly that was unhappy so we didn't get much out of them and now we get to what we learned maybe just for you as an information this spring in spring 2021 we started working more intensively on mass requests and a half a year later most of our inquiries were processed so this is a long term project and there's a lot still to do so we have to work on that so it's unfortunate that this draws on for so long it's really a long term project that just takes time and what we also learned is that it's worth it to ask many parties and stakeholders if the police doesn't know ask other authorities and normally there will be one authority who's a little bit more talkative than the others and interprets the law a bit differently even though that also shouldn't be the case and gives out information we had that in cologne for example with the state officer with the state data protection officer we made a deal and she gave us some documents from the police something that's also important get support 195 requests processed by two people or less than five people is difficult to manage regarding time it takes time to read all of the answers and to really understand them so get together find other people who are also interested and that makes it a lot easier something else something else that's also really practical using the frag den staat tool and information freedom tools look around and see what other Germans have already asked and what answers they received because you can also get inspired by other requests that were successful and see how they formulated the requests so you can always learn from others and one of the most important aspects is also posing many requests I get the feeling that the police never got into touch with the information freedom act luckily that has changed continue to change every police office should know what the information act is and what to do with it and that we as citizens deserve answers from the authorities so those are our lessons learned basically from this small project from last year and that was it in our project review thank you very much for this really important talk I'm struggling with my formulations or my wording who is surveilling the surveiller thanks to your commitment I can see that we as a civil society are just passively submitted to this whole thing and about that graphic with 70 versus 130 answers so there's a lot of room for improvement so let's talk there's a lot of questions in the pad wow pick a few of the first ones at the Sudkreuz train station in Berlin they had such a bad recognition rate how did they justify the reported success was there an evaluation report yes there's a report and there's also a blog post on that ccc.de where we analyzed the result of this study a little bit and they basically addressed the results a bit by combining technologies and thank you another interesting number the Federal Police officer forwarding pictures to the Fraunhofer Institute just a very basic question where do these pictures come from well those are pictures from identity checks and I haven't looked into it too much I don't know how long images taken are allowed to be retained because when you have your identity checked by the police you're not automatically considered a perpetrator so they all consented to that right so I'm really respectful of this effort to ask people whether they want to be photographed alright I'll just continue with the next question the police of Hamburg ignore state of protection officer isn't there the option of a restraining order I don't know to the exact state of the case there was a there was the case is still running I think a restraining order wouldn't help or a cease and desist letter because the data don't exist anymore it's still important to retrospectively analyse whether this was legal or not I think this also implies the question because the databases and algorithms may be learned but do we know whether this database really doesn't exist anymore another question was an installation order or combine it with the next question building a database without an installation order can that have consequences and how would they look like will the police be imprisoned now I don't think that there have ever been serious consequences that the police have a database that they shouldn't have other than it being deleted yeah maybe let me add something here will the police go to prison no they won't the police in Germany is a public authority and they are bound by the law so they cannot break the law so this is the thought let down in the basic law we had a similar thing with cameras stop that the federal police didn't comply with court orders and then you can actually file a complaint against that and that will result in the police paying a fee to the court and that was it so not much happening there the list of questions is very long we should still stop here but there will be more questions and answers in the breakout room thank you very much the two of you


Then slowly thank you Think we're here, I think we're here. All right. I think you You've all said it better than I can. Thank you Just Newton is Simply really in a small period of time between playing a state fair and doing New York tomorrow and she very graciously was willing to stop by and Be here with us tonight, and we're more grateful than we can say Pleasure to you and all of them and Now could I just interrupt the program for a few seconds to give some more facts with the announcement that was made earlier here Oh, yeah, why you yes? To the vice president's daughter Dorothy At 5 54 p.m Samuel Bush LeBlond I'm going to show you we're serious about the things that you should be serious about In this administration wait 10 pounds Well now thank all of you very much, I've never seen the South lawn look lovelier Thank you all very much for being here tonight. This has been a great pleasure We're very honored by your presence, and thank you all also For what you're doing day in and day out On behalf of all of us and the things that we believe in And again juice thank you very much good luck in New York The whole thing of being in the state of government My dad I Love having your dad So exciting they tell me about it in that little booth over there and for some reason the order My tears started I said geez I can't walk out there like that