Ready to go? So thank you all for coming today. My name is Lauren Hurl and I'm the Executive Director of Vermont Conservation Voters. I'm speaking today on behalf of a diverse group of 30 organizations representing low-income advocates, businesses, environmental groups, youth leaders, health professionals, and others who have come together to call on our elected officials to enact a four-point climate plan. We believe implementing this platform will be a critical step forward to ensure Vermont does our part on climate change while growing our economy and actively working to improve equity in the state, which includes how we help lower-income Vermonters transition to more clean, healthy, and affordable solutions and ensuring climate solutions benefit communities in all parts of the state. It is time for action matching the seriousness of this crisis. Since the legislature adjourned last year, Vermonters have been calling for climate action in unprecedented numbers and with an urgency we've never seen before. The science continues to get increasingly stark, underscoring the urgency of acting swiftly to transform to a low carbon economy. Australia is on fire. There was record warmth in New England just this past weekend. The Arctic is melting at unprecedented speeds. The science is so alarming that scientists all over the globe stood up and declared that we are in a climate emergency. We are encouraged to see that many of our elected leaders in Vermont are stepping up to the challenge. Climate action is a top priority of Speaker Mitzi Johnson and Senate President Pro Tem Timash this year. The Climate Solutions Caucus has been working incredibly hard all summer and fall to hear from Vermonters across the state and craft policies that will advance climate action, economic opportunities, equity, and resilience. We know there's strong public support for climate action. VCV and VEPR commissioned a poll in early December of over 700 Vermont voters and it found overwhelming support across the state for climate policy platform that we're presenting today with at least three out of four Vermonters supporting each of the policy proposals that we're talking about and a strong majority of Vermonters who said they're very concerned about global warming and want elected officials who will take action. With scientific urgency, public support, and legislative leadership, we have a critical opportunity for climate action in 2020. But we also need leadership from Governor Scott. We need a vision and a plan coming from the administration. We're glad that he's excited about the fun new electric vehicles coming on the market. But without the policies and investments needed to help people buy more efficient vehicles and access other climate solutions, we know that we won't get where we need to go. Under Governor Scott's leadership, for the first time in years, we've lost jobs in the clean energy sector. We've halted progress on wind energy and our solar energy progress has slowed down. But we know we can get back on track and by supporting and signing these policies, Governor Scott can live up to his words when he strongly declared Vermont was still in for meeting the Paris Climate Accord commitments. We're presenting today a climate action plan that, if enacted, will represent essential meaningful progress. At VCV, support and leadership on enacting this climate action plan is what we will be educating voters about and holding elected officials accountable to during election season. Our platform includes a four point plan to work together to create the framework and initial policies and investments to put us on track to meeting our own state climate commitments. First, we need a global warming solutions act that will hold state government accountable to developing the plans and policies needed to at long last hit the climate targets we've committed to as a state. Second, we must require our utilities to achieve 100% clean renewable electricity by 2030. Third, we must modernize our energy efficient utilities so they can focus on driving down greenhouse gas pollution as they continue to do their long standing impactful work to improve electric efficiency. And finally, we must join the transportation and climate initiative and use the revenues in an equitable just way to invest in transportation solutions that will benefit Vermonters and communities across the state. You'll hear from several speakers now about why we need to act and how we can shape solutions to benefit our children, our health and the most vulnerable in our state while growing jobs and our economy. First, I'm going to invite up Seth Fisher Olvera from St. George and Vermont Common School. My name is Seth Fisher Olvera. I live in St. George, Vermont and I'm a senior at Vermont Common School in South Burlington. I'm a member of the Vermont Youth Lobby and I was a delegate at the Vermont Youth Lobby and I'm a member of the Climate Congress. I'm here as a member of the generation least responsible for the Climate Congress and the generation that will live with the consequences of continued inaction. I'm here to say this as clearly as I can.  Climate change threatens our economy, our environment and the way Vermonters lived their lives. The decisions made this year were made by young Vermonters for generations to come. For decades, elected officials have been aware of the danger that greenhouse gases pose, but they haven't taken action to protect young Vermonters. In fact, since 1990, carbon pollution has risen 13% in Vermont while it has fallen in every other New England state in New York and in Quebec. This is unacceptable. At the Vermont Youth Climate Congress last year, over 170 student delegates from schools from across the state convened to declare a climate emergency. In addition, we recommended more than 20 concrete steps that the state can take to reduce emissions, including the four banner proposals being announced today. Speaking as a delegate, I think it's fair to say that the young Vermonters want bolder action, more ambition and faster results than are proven today. But we must get started. This is an urgent and unprecedented global emergency. Vermont must play a role in this fight and young Vermonters are demanding our government play its part. So while these bills won't be enough, let's pass them all this year and get to work reducing pollution and protecting the future. Thank you. I'd like to welcome up Dr. David Rand, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Vermont and a member of the Vermont Climate and Health Alliance. Good morning. I'm Dr. David Rand. I'm pleased to be here on behalf of the Vermont Climate and Health Alliance, representing hundreds of health professionals across Vermont who are supporting the Climate Action Plan announced here this morning. As your doctors, nurses, veterinarians, and other healthcare providers, you expect us to act to protect your health. You expect us to say what needs to be said. As stewards of the health of Vermont's people, we are obligated to speak out. Let's start with a global picture. In the fall of 2018, 100 leading medical and health organizations representing over 6 million healthcare professionals declared climate change is a global health emergency. The World Health Organization lists the top 10 threats to human health annually. Climate change topped the list in 2019. I expect the same this year. Nationally, the Centers for Disease Control Prevention predict severe health risks to all Americans. The American Psychiatric Association reminds us that climate change does not just affect the physical body, but also significantly impacts our mental health. Here are just a few examples of what my colleagues and I are seeing in Vermont in our daily work, because climate change is here already. Our patients with long disease are the first to notice hot weather and they call us when it is very hot or humid outside because they can't breathe. It's not just our long disease patients who are hurting. People with virtually any kind of medical illness are more prone to exacerbation other elements on the hottest days of the year. And the Vermont Public Health Association tells us that every day the average temperature in Vermont reaches at least 87 degrees. There is an additional death among Vermonters age 65 or older. Both in the clinic and the hospital we are caring for an increasing number of patients with serious consequences of tick-borne illnesses such as Lyme disease and anaplasmosis. The most vulnerable Vermonters are the most threatened by changes coming at us. The elderly, people in poverty, children, and people with disabilities, they are hit first and hardest. Two years ago the Vermont Climate and Health Alliance joined with the Vermont Medical Association, the Vermont Public Health Association, and other leading Vermont medical and health groups in sending a letter to the legislature stating that the science was clear and unequivocal. Climate change was poised to become the major threat to human health in the 21st century. Our message to the legislature, to the governor, and to all of Vermonters today is that our collective patient, the earth, is in worse condition than it was just two years ago. Our patient has a fever, low blood pressure, and it is in the intensive care unit. Left unchecked by Vermont, left unchecked by the time Vermont school-aged children are our age. Climate pollution will shatter many systems that we all need for health and security. We created this problem together. We will only get out of it if we sacrifice together. The time for inaction and trying to protect the status quo is over. In keeping with our oath as medical and health professionals to protect the health and well-being of our fellow Vermonters, the Vermont Climate and Health Alliance is here today to state our unequivocal support for this platform. And I'm proud to also report that the Vermont Medical Society, the state's largest physician membership organization representing over 2,400 physicians, medical students, and physician assistants, has signed onto this plan as well. Thank you. So welcome up, Earhart Montka from the Vermont Affordable Housing Coalition. Thank you, Lauren, and thank you, Dr. Ran. My name is Earhart Montka, and I'm here representing the Vermont Affordable Housing Coalition and the tens of thousands of low and modern income Vermonters that our members serve. Our coalition is made up of over 90 organizations that include the state's affordable housing developers, housing authorities, homeless service providers, low income advocates, and anti-poverty agencies. Our coalition is here today to join the call to the Vermont legislature and to Governor Scott, at last, to support climate action, climate actions that are necessary for Vermont and live up to its climate commitments. So why do housing and homeless organizations support these actions? Because we understand that climate change is a low income issue. Sorry. Climate change is a housing issue. When we look at the impacts of climate change, low income Vermonters are disproportionately impacted. They suffer the greatest consequences from our increasingly extreme weather. They live in the most risk prone locations, the most vulnerable structures, and are the slowest to recover from climate events. As just one example, those most affected by Tropical Storm Irene were low income residents in mobile home parks, one of which, Tri Park Mobile Home Park in Brattleboro, with 333 lots is the largest in the state and is still struggling to recover eight years later. That storm drives home an important point. The climate crisis will impact Vermont and Vermonters and is already doing so. That's not a reason not to act though, far from it.  Every policy in this platform can and should make Vermont communities from Burlington to Brunswick more resilient against the impacts of climate change. The other reality is that climate actions like weatherizing low income families homes and building housing that is both affordable and efficient aren't just good for the climate. These actions directly make the lives of families all around the state and measurably easier and better. These actions not only help lower our carbon footprint, they lower the overall cost of the housing, making it more affordable for the low income Vermonters they serve. All while creating good paint jobs that boost our economy and keep our hard earned dollars in state instead of exporting them through the purchase of fossil fuels. Members of the Vermont Affordable Housing Coalition are taking climate action every day. But the work we're doing and the individual choices so many Vermonters and Vermont businesses are making are simply not enough on their own. The governor and the legislature need to join us in taking Vermont's climate commitment seriously and that is why we stand behind the 2020 Climate Action Plan. Thank you. Next I'd like to welcome up Jordan Giaconia from Vermont Businesses for Social Responsibility. Good morning everyone. So my name is Jordan Giaconia. I'm a public policy manager with Vermont Businesses for Social Responsibility. VBSR is a business association representing over 730 business members in every industry and every county across the state united in our shared mission to advance an ethic that protects the natural human and economic environments of Vermont as a business thrives. From global brands like Ben & Jerry's and Burton to small startups like Mamava, VBSR members are some of the most successful and iconic businesses in our state who together shape the Vermont brand. If the legislature and governor are in need of inspiration we ask that they look no further than many of our leading businesses who are already taking steps to reduce their emissions and move toward energy independence. It comes as no surprise that these companies are deeply worried about the looming threat of climate change and increasingly optimistic about the economic opportunities bold climate action presents. Climate change is without question the single greatest threat to Vermont's communities ecosystems and our shared way of life. Spring is arriving earlier, heavy rainstorms are becoming common place and our summers are hotter and drier than ever. Meanwhile more frequent and severe storms cause floods that cost us millions in damage property and infrastructure. From winter recreation to local food and drink driven tourism industries these changes disrupt nearly every facet of our state's economy and we can no longer afford half measures. Despite widespread bipartisan support for Vermont's greenhouse gas reduction goals and a standing commitment to the Paris climate agreement Vermont's lingering dependency on fossil fuel continues to keep our emissions on the rise and our economy stifled. Rather than exporting billions of dollars on out-of-state fossil fuels we urge Vermont legislature and governor to advance renewable energy and efficiency solutions that will move us off of imported fossil fuels, curb greenhouse gas emissions and reinvest those dollars into building a new innovation workforce ensuring a just transition into a clean energy future for all Vermonters. Failure to do so will put our communities at risk and all but ignore one of the greatest wealth-generating opportunities in our country. VBSR is long advocated for a triple bottom line of people, planet and prosperity and I'm here today to tell you that none of these values are mutually exclusive. Together through local investment equity and accountability we can tackle climate change, build a thriving economy and put the green back in Green Mountain State. But never least uh Paul Burns from the Vermont Public Interest Research Group. All right so this is it just two more minutes. Thanks, thanks everybody for being here. Good morning again my name is Paul Burns. I'm the executive director of V-PIRB, the Vermont Public Interest Research Group. We're the largest consumer and environmental advocacy organization in Vermont. I want to start by thanking all the members of the 30 organizations who have joined in this call for bold climate action today.  Every city, state and nation understand that understands that scientific fact has a responsibility to take action that is equal to the challenge that we face. As you all know Vermont has not yet met that challenge not by a long shot but as Lauren and others have rightly pointed out leaders in the Vermont House and Senate are stepping up and supporting the kinds of policies that are needed to move our state from merely talking the talk on climate to actually walking the walk. Now it's Governor Scott's turn. More than two years ago he proudly proclaimed that we're still in after President Trump announced that he was pulling the United States out of the Paris climate accord. Since then there's been more talk but very little action from the governor. If Governor Scott does in fact support Vermont's own climate commitments as he says he does it is time for him to show it. It's time for him to lead follow or get out of the way of legislators who are proposing real solutions this year. Now we genuinely hope that the governor will step up but it's action more than words that we need now and let me be clear if the sum total of what an elected official supports will clearly fall short of putting Vermont on a track to achieve our climate commitments then that elected official does not support our state's climate commitments period. That's why it's so heartening to see the breadth and depth of support for bills like the Global Warming Solutions Act and the Senate's just released 100% by 2030 bill. Holding elected officials accountable is part of what we all do but we're far more interested in working with them to achieve the solutions to the problems that we face together. In 2020 our 30 organizations and the tens of thousands of members that we support and that we represent are committed to working with all state leaders who are willing to treat the climate crisis as the emergency that it is. Thanks. Thank you so much and we would now be happy to answer any questions you might have. Answered at all. Great. I just had one question so when we look at the TCI I don't really know how to formulate the question but some people are saying it's going to raise the price of a tank of a gallon of gasoline about 17-18 cents that's one reason the governor has come out against it saying he can't support any more fees on low income Vermonters. Where do we draw that line? Where do we how do we balance that? I can take a first stab but others feel free to jump in. I mean I think an important context of the Transportation Climate Initiative is really looking at that as a regional approach to addressing what is Vermont's leading greenhouse gas emissions sector our transportation sector and it's really taking seriously how do we transform it so we're getting more Vermonters into alternative vehicles cleaner healthier more affordable vehicles and so the key part that is missing from if we just focus on the cap that's being put on pollution and the fee that fossil fuel companies would pay is the investment that could bring tens of millions of dollars to Vermont and help Vermonters transition to better transportation alternatives. I would also say I'm Johanna Miller I'm the Energy and Climate Program Director at the Vermont Natural Resources Council that Vermonters are already bearing a high cost right now so doing something about it is intended to assuage that a little bit most importantly it's also to put in the context of 17 cents is about a decade out. We've paid more the difference between what we were paying in gas this summer and what we are paying now in the city of Montpelier is far more than 17 cents so I just want to say and let me tell you right now as you heard from others about 80% of that cost that we are paying goes out of state so this is a proactive proposal a starting point to make sure that we are reducing emissions in our most carbon polluting intensive sector and using those dollars to reinvest in solutions that will save Vermonters money over the long term so let's put the frame in context to say that it's really intended to be a long term sort of economic protection for Vermonters. What kind of assistance can we give to private utility companies in Vermont to help them reach the goal by telling them they're being provided for a 100% renewable that's a tall task in the next 10 years? Hi Olivia Campbell Renewable Energy Vermont Executive Director so the state's largest utility Green Mountain Power last year already made a commitment to move and achieve 100% renewable electricity by 2030 so what we know is that climate change and the changes that we are experiencing with increased storm events are increasing the cost of all of our energy and our electricity system now. Green Mountain Power has spent over 25 million dollars in the last four years responding to storm events and that costs Vermonters money so the more we can power our community with local renewable electricity it creates greater resilience and has the impact of reducing costs in both the short term and the long term. Does that answer your question? I'm just curious if there was any ideas as to like the assistance that might be provided now there are smaller utility companies in different parts of the state that they rebound power as a company that maybe have some more catching up to do? Sure well we do actually have two utilities two small utilities Burlington Electric Department and Washington Electric Co-op that provide 100% renewable electricity now to their members so I'm not sure it's a matter of incentives for utilities is the is what it addresses I believe that this is really proposed to grow our local economy and increase our climate resilience and lower electricity costs with local renewable electricity because we Vermonters pay very high amounts of money every year for transporting electricity through the ISO New England grid we're part of a regional grid and the more that we can generate our electricity locally then we save on those costs. How would you envision the state of Vermont who would spend the tens of millions of dollars from TCI? I would say that's a that's a state of Vermont decision and I think there are many conversations already underway about how to best use those dollars and a commitment to ensuring that those dollars go back into the communities who need help rural communities go back to low income Vermonters who need help in making the transition so I think the good news is that we have agency over that and that the commitment and principle to helping Vermonters who need it the most rural low-income vulnerable Vermonters will lead that conversation and we get to participate that in that if we move forward with making this really important commitment TCI as well so of course Governor Scott kind of has his reservations but also in Massachusetts Governor Baker is sort of expressed to look down politicians down to Rhode Island as well so with being such a large coalition right I mean why should Vermonters believe in TCI and the effects that they have if we see throughout New England people well Vermonters can take solace in that it's a proven approach we have participated in the regional greenhouse gas initiative for many years Republican Governor Jim Douglas entered into this regional program to cap emissions in the electric sector that program has worked our emissions have gone down the economies in New England and the northeast are among the strongest and so we have a proven approach it's a foundational step forward and we can improve it over time but I think to Kevin's question I think we are committed in the state of Vermont to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in a way that protects vulnerable low-income rural Vermonters as well so it's a it's a great opportunity anything else thank you all so much before you run I just want to these are all fair questions but I just wanted to add that you know failing to act on this climate emergency is not doing a favor for any to any Vermonters it's not doing a favor to low-income Vermonters or anyone else by failing to act it's like being unwilling to call the fire department when your house is on fire because you're worried that your taxes might go up to pay for that fire engine that's not going to solve the problem we need solutions and we need leadership now and the governor simply saying I care I believe in science but I'm unwilling to act is no longer enough we need to see leadership we need it to happen now


Hello and welcome to this presentation of the STM32 General Purpose I.O. interface. It covers the general purpose input and output interface and how it allows connectivity to the environment around the microcontroller. General Purpose I.O. pins of STM32 products provide an interface with the external environment. This configurable interface is used by the MCU and also all other embedded peripherals to interface with both digital and analog signals. Application benefits include a wide range of supported I.O. supply voltages as well as the ability to externally wake up the MCU from low power modes. General Purpose I.O. provides bi-directional operation, input and output with independent configuration for each I.O. pin. They are shared across up to nine ports named GPIO-A to GPIO-I, each of them hosting up to 16 I.O. pins. I.O. ports support atomic bit set and reset operation through BSS-RR and BRR registers and support the use of bit banding in the memory map. I.O. ports are directly connected to the AHB-2 bus. This allows fast I.O. pin operations, such as toggling of the pin every two clock cycles. Most of the I.O. pins are 5 volt tolerant when supplied from VDD I.O.X above 1.6 volts. Up to 14 I.O. pins are supplied by externally providing a voltage within the VDD I.O.2 supply domain. This supply is independent of the VDD provided to the part. This functionality allows users to adapt logic levels of the MCU's I.O. pins to the levels required by external logic, which may be supplied by different voltage domains without need for external level shifters. General purpose I.O. pins can be configured into several operating modes. An I.O. pin can be configured in an input mode with floating input, input mode with an internal pull-up or pull-down resistor, or as an analog input. An I.O. pin could also be configured in an output mode with a push-pull output or an open drain output with an internal pull-up or pull-down resistor. For each I.O. pin, the slew rate speed can be selected from four ranges to compromise between maximum speed and emissions from the I.O. switching and adjust the application's EMI performance. I.O. pins are also used by other integrated peripherals to interface with the external environment. Alternate function registers are used to select the configuration for the peripherals in this case. Configuration of the I.O. ports can be locked to increase robustness of the application. Once the configuration is locked by applying the correct write sequence to the lock register, the I.O. pin's configuration cannot be modified until the next reset. Several integrated peripherals such as the use art, timers, SPI, and others share the same I.O. pins in order to interface with the external environment. Peripherals are configured through an alternate function multiplexer, which ensures that only one peripheral is connected to the I.O. pin at a single time. Of course, this selection can be changed during runtime of the application through the GPIOX, AFRL, and AFRH registers. The independent VDDIO2 supply domain allows operation in an environment with several different logic supply voltages. It allows the STM32 to communicate with logic supplied from 1.08 volts much lower than the VDD supply of the STM32 which can range up to 3.6 volts. Up to 14 I.O. pins in this domain can be used to communicate with other logic circuits which are supplied by voltage rails other than VDD. Independent voltage supplies may allow for the omission of external voltage shifters in the design. During and after reset, the alternate functions or AFs are not active. Only debug pins remain in AF mode. JTAG SWD debug pins remaining in AF configuration mode are listed in this slide. When the external oscillator is switched off, pins related to this oscillator can be used as standard I.O. pins. This is the default state after device reset. When the external clock source is used instead of a crystal oscillator, only related OSC-in or OSC-32-in pins are used for the clock, and OSC-out or OSC-32-out pins can be used as standard I.O. pins. The new GPIOX ASCR control register has been introduced on STM32-L47X48X devices to control analog interconnection between an I.O. pin and ADC input. This register has to be configured before the ADC conversions are started to correctly bring the signal to the ADC input. This register is removed on other categories of STM32-L4 devices, and the analog interconnection will be enabled automatically when an ADC channel is selected. A new multi-supply scheme of I.O. pins brings new I.O. pin structures. Previously used naming FT-TT has been extended by abbreviation suffixes to highlight alternate supply sources for each FT and TT I.O. pin. Previously used name FT-F for FM-plus capable pins has been transformed to FT-underscore-F. The new underscore L suffix has been added to mark pins supplied through LCD supply, suffix underscore A marks pins supplied by analog supply, suffix underscore U is used for pins supplied from USB supply, and suffix underscore S now clearly identifies pins within the independent VDDIO2 supply domain. The absolute maximum rating for each I.O. pin is defined by the lowest voltage of the supplies listed for each I.O. pin. I.O. pins remain active in all modes except standby and shutdown, where the only available configuration is input with internal pull-up, pull-down resistor, or floating input. When exiting shutdown mode, the I.O. configuration is lost. When the MCU is under reset, I.O. pins are forced into an analog input mode. This slide presents the key differences between baseline STM32L47X48X devices and other devices. Compared to STM32L47X48X devices, STM32L43X44X45X46X devices have up to 83 GPIOs. They no longer have GPIOs connected to an independent power supply, VDDIO2, and the GPIOXASCR register, enabling an analog switch connected to the ADC inputs is no longer present.


Hello. Today is April 26th. We are recording the meeting of the Shekut Africa contributor. So we have several contributors on the call and we will just go through the updates, talk about the close down of the event and then just agree on whatever you want to discuss. So, yeah, I'll probably create a meeting notes just in the bottom of our running doc, if everyone is fine. I have no permission to edit this doc, but it should be okay. So yeah, just close down the event, empty a corny, maybe a quick progress updates. Okay, so let's start from updates by students. Is it fine with everyone? The sound was very bad, I don't know who torque I didn't get. Yeah, me neither. Lucy is away from the keyboard. Anyone else? Okay. I think what we can do, let's, you can just type some notes synchronously. And yeah, let's talk about the close down of the event. So, April 30 is the last day. And it's just a few days left before that. So I wanted to quickly talk what is the best to do during the last days. And actually the best thing to focus on is finishing your work because all of you have multiple open pull requests. So it would be better if you focus on channelizing them. So instead of creating new pull requests, etc. Let's focus on delivering what has already started because it's better to complete less but to deliver that to Jenkins users. So my recommendation would be to do that. Yeah. Yeah, so I'm always making a lot of typos and I just woke up. I think we have seen from my video. Yeah, and the second thing I suggest. Yes. So regarding that, I'm actually currently working on HTTP request plugin, and I should push the tests at noon. So are you saying I shouldn't push again? No, you can push whatever you want. So again, it's a focus on something. So for example, if you have five open pull requests and the ball is on your side, for example, you need to make updates. So I recommend to focus on that. If there are open pull requests, which are missing pull, which are missing reviews. Again, consider focusing on getting reviews, ask help from the community from mentors if needed, so that we could get this pull request over the line. If you want, you can totally submit new pull requests. What I'm just saying that it shouldn't be the top priority in this stage. Okay. Another thing which makes sense to consider that again, we have several days left, what we usually do after such programs, we do have a blog post with a report from the event. So for example, in this case, it would be a blog post on Chicago to Africa. So many of you have seen the Jenkins blog, and basically we would need some content for that. For example, yeah, if you want to share some experiences and provide some quotes. It's what you can do. So maybe in a synchronously just by suggesting in this Google Doc. So for example, I will create a section in the bottom. Let's say, for example, anyone or mentors and students are invited to just put their notes there, for example, suggest my change, you can just put your feedback like that. And actually, we can have two items. So for example, let's finish with this part. Have you wrote, have you written short testimonials before? Okay. I can provide some examples. We have similar feedback for GSOC. So there is a Google Doc called GSOC User Elementor Testimonials. We started just several weeks ago. You can find some examples of feedback we collected from participants. So you can see that this feedback was collected in video form or in text. You basically can do the same or whatever you prefer. And so why we collected this feedback is because it's really helpful and it helps us to improve. So just if you could create a short quote, it would be useful. So I will put examples here. Again, you shouldn't take much of your time. So it's just when you have some time. Talk about your experiences and maybe more important part which you will need to do. Again, not now, but gradually is retrospective. So if you work in agile environments, you may have seen that teams joined together sometimes to discuss what went well, what could be done better. And it's a very good practice because it allows the team to iterate and improve how they collaborate with each other and to improve their processes. For each program we run in Jenkins, we recommend to do a public retrospective. And we basically invite everyone to submit their experiences for three items. So what went well, what we do better, and the action items. So how it works, everyone is welcome to just get really short quotes. For example, I want to say what went well and what could we do better. For example, we had something like that. And yeah, this is rather good experiences. So usually they don't require too much discussion, but for example, there are things we could do better. And this is also something we can add. So for example, I can say that it's better engagement with wider Jenkins community. And just example of a feedback. And for example, we can start discussing it synchronously so everyone can propose a change. So for example, you can just clarify it a bit. It will be definitely part of my final feedback. So I think we can just discuss it. Yeah, what we say, yeah. So for example, yeah, I put just one of my ideas. What clarifications. So for example, if you disagree, and it's perfectly fine to disagree, you can just put a comment there, or maybe you make your suggestion. If you see other things we could do better, you can just, again, make a suggestion added to the list. And then we will be discussing what went well and what could we do better and we will be defining action items for the future. So for example, I can propose, let's say, Okay, so for example, we'll contribute on the directions. So for example, we can discuss the section I this feedback and agree on a next item for the next year so that we make the program better. So this is a quick example of how we do retrospectives. And again, no need to do it right now. But yeah, this is going to be discussed in Friday. Yeah, so better to feel it better before Friday, I mean, it's better to do it synchronously because meetings happen quite rarely. And the time is not convenient for participants. So if you do it synchronously, you can just chat with the entire community. Please feel free to put any ideas here. On Friday we will discuss them. I'm not sure I will be able to join. It's super late in my time zone. Okay, so does do this follow ups make sense to you. Sorry, I didn't understand. Okay, so, yeah, here, I'm just making note. Okay. Any questions about the closed on days. So the retrospective will be done on Friday night, I was supposed to to write them down. Yeah, so anything you have in mind, just put it here. So it doesn't have to be prioritized or whatever it doesn't need to be friendsly written because again we can discuss everything. So just put notes, etc. Usually when big teams do retrospectives, they vote on the ideas on the discussion so that we can get more feedback. I don't think we will be doing that for she called Africa because we have only a few participants so we can adjust to discuss them. The things on the call. But yeah, it's still essential to put your notes and your experiences are there so that we can improve. And I'm pretty sure that she could Africa organizers will be all asking for your feedback in some form after the event. So you can basically start preparing that. So just to clarify, they should all write this up before the Friday meeting and then it will be discussed more in the Friday. So that makes sense to everybody. So maybe for this particular session. We could add additional item to the retrospectives is obstacles experienced. If you are a newcomer contributors and the Jenkins community, you may have seen some issues with developer tools documentation this processes. So, if you see something like that. Yeah, please put them there because it would be a really valuable feedback to us as a community. We don't always see issues because we work on this project for years, or for decades like me and Mark. Yeah. I think it would be important to get your feedback so that we can again create action items and improve it regularly. And yeah, if you want to share your experiences and in your format, for example, write your own blog post, etc. All of it is much appreciated. So whatever you want to do. Just do that. Yeah. And be honest if there's anything that you're concerned about that you're uncomfortable writing for everybody. I would feel free to send a slack message just to mark, or to any one of us actually, but I want you to feel what you can be honest and we don't want to make you uncomfortable but we just want to as Oleg says we want to make it so that next year's people have a better experience so we're always trying to improve things. Yes, so again, if you see that something went bad, no repercussions at all. We are looking for feedback. So it's not something like it really means anything and actually any negative feedback is also appreciated as long as it's justified and actionable. Okay. So, for example, there are ways, there are multiple ways to share that. For example, if you want to share feedback with organizers, so it's chicote Africa. Or, for example, you can share feedback with mark weight for internal stuff. And you can also share feedback with the Jenkins governance board if something went wrong. Well, hopefully not. But as things happen in the community, fortunately, not often at all. But for example, we have code of conduct. I'm not sure whether Mark referenced that in the beginning. All contributors expected to follow this code of conduct and if something goes wrong, for example, if you get, let's say a toxic response in your pull request or whatever, you can report that so that Jenkins governance board cannot follow up. There's no need to postpone that because again, we are trying to improve the community and again, there will be no repercussions or whatever because yeah, that's how the Jenkins community works. Okay. Does it make sense. And yeah, I'm a Jenkins governance board member. So if you have some feedback, I'm not sure please feel free to reach out to me privately. All right. Okay. Everybody doing well with the work you're doing. Lucy, what happened I looked at the end of Friday session. You had a problem mark was going to rerun did that clear up your problem. This is on the message that she's a key. So I'm not sure where she's back. Okay, there is a question from Esther, could we still contribute after this program. Of course, yes. So you're welcome to contribute to the Jenkins project at any time, as well as pretty much every details. So, yeah, if you want to keep contributing please do so, whether it's related to chicota Africa or not. We also consider participating in more rich programs. So for example, you might be eligible for some of them. So as we discussed before chicota Africa contribute on participants might be technically eligible for Google Summer of Code, but the application deadline is closed. At the same time, there are other events. So for example, yeah, there will be October 1st in October, they will be out for each year in winter. So the application phase for summer is also closed. Hopefully next year we will be accepted to Google Season of Dogs this year we were not accepted. And there is also community bridge, also known as LFX mentorship. So Jenkins project can run its own outreach programs on demand, and we can run our mentorship programs on demand. So you can try one of these programs if you're interested, and you can just reach out to the community. So there is documentation seek. And you can contact it. So that if you need help at any moment, you can use this channel to get feedback and probably get some mentorship. For example, we can, we are meeting sometimes so you can use this meeting for the discussion and any question. There is also a channel called newcomer contributors. You can use it because, again, for skin any kind of questions. We'll be happy to help and to point you to right channels if needed. Okay. I hope it answers your question. We would love to have you stay in the community. Yeah, of course. So, yeah, the main objective for us for she could Africa contribute on for the events, firstly to provide a great experience to participants to let them learn. It's the first part, second part is to introduce them to open source communities and to get them on board it to the Jenkins community, if possible, or maybe to other open source community because it's also equally available. Our priority is actually to deliver something. So, yeah, personally, when I was going to say mostly focus on experiences and encourage you to do so as well. Okay. Okay, so we have a few minutes left. Are there any questions help needed to explore requests that say. Yeah. Yeah, I made it to the test yesterday. And then I don't know how it happened, but then it looks like it includes also. Another branch. So, I don't know how to. The audio is a bit too low for me. I'm not sure whether I captured the question correctly. Yeah, I'm having trouble hearing to. Okay, so you prefer to write it. Sorry, because I really didn't follow so I guess helping with the poor request but you didn't understand which one. Sorry about that. Do you post the question or like we are seeing all your computer I don't know if it's. Yeah, that's fine. Usually turn off the slug but in this case I'm just sending a message to the channel. I made a pull request to code examples to work for basic steps plugin. When I push commits I found out that it includes other commits from another branch. How can I remove them. So, in this case you would need to rebase the branch. And for that, there are tools in Jenkins. Sorry, I cannot show you a few examples. Just a second. Okay, so for that actually there are two common tools. One is git rebase. Another one is cherry pick. And actually for the most common cases I recommend the latter one. So how it works. You have a tree and from this tree you can take a particular commit. So, for example, I can show you an example in the web in the UI, because it's easy, but you can do the same in the common line interface. So, for example, I have Jenkins remote, so I won't commit it anyway. And you can see that there is just a master branch which includes a few pull requests. Let's imagine I want to port something to the previous release. So, here for example, I will create a branch. For example, 641. Yeah, and here for example I want to take a commit. So, you can see that if I just match the tree, I will get all the history of commits. So, it's probably the case you've got, because most likely you just started building a new branch on the top of the range. And here what I can do. For example, if I want to take a specific commit like this one, I can call it cherry pick command. And what it does, it basically takes the same commit contents and applies them to your current branch. So, I got it here, and now you can see that I have a new branch, a remote for 641. And then includes just one commit I cherry picked. Then I can push this branch to my fork and submit a pull request to just this content. It's one of the ways. Another way would be to do repairs. But to be honest, I recommend cherry pick in this case because it's much more simple. Does it answer your question. In the case of cherry pick you would need to recreate the pull request or to force push the branch, which is also possible because you can take the original name. This branch and then do a force push and overwrite to your pull request. Does it answer the question. Okay. Okay. Anything else for today. Then, if no other questions, thanks everyone, and talk to you on Friday. I will try to join the final meeting if not jelly. Thank you so much for your work and Mark will be able to handle that. And thanks again for all your contributions. So let's say it's been a real joy. Yeah. I'm happy to come from that. So let's focus on finishing the program. And yes, the break that once we are done. Thank you. See you on slide. Bye bye. Bye.


So I would tell my first year self don't worry it's gonna be okay. It's gonna be a ride uh it's gonna be a good ride have fun uh Gustavus is a great community. You meet the best people of your life here and just soak it all up and take advantage of every opportunity. Make sure to try something new if you always kind of look for opportunities to expand and grow they'll do perfectly all right. It's okay to travel in packs your first year you kind of got to clump together um and get to know your roommate.  Use the planner right away you know that planner that you get in the in the bookmark buy one and actually start using your first week because you'll get halfway through your first semester and you'll realize you can't do the thing that you did in high school where you just remember all of your courses and the homework you got to write that stuff down and keep an open mind about classes and learn all you can and then get involved right away all right. Always go into office hours and get to know your professors because they are just so invaluable here at Gustavus and they they really help you find yourself and find your your calling. I think using that Gustavus network to you know through work and professional life and social life has been really important to me. It means to be kind um to treat other people like you want to be treated and to shine your life because the people who I've met here have really helped me to find my way. I can't wait to go out of here and start shining my light and do the same. It involves love kindness and and just like unimaginable joy. It's a community full of love for one another.


Good day fellow investors and welcome to the weekly stock market news recap where we discuss interesting news that improve our financial returns by lowering our risk and potentially increasing our returns. The topics for today are the negative sentiments surrounding Starbucks, there is a piece of real estate that went up 180 times in the last 40 years, the disruption in the energy, electrical vehicles, we discussed oil last time, we're going to shift towards energy and what's going on in the energy field, we're going to mention Bitcoin a little bit just for fun, we're going to mention how everybody is going on to the stock market to the upwards trend, there are no short people anymore, which is very interesting, Chinese stock market has rallied, which was logical because of the low valuation, digging to that, we'll see what's going on with the Fed and why everybody expects interest rates to be hiked and we'll finish with some food for thought with an obesity chart, interesting, let's start. So first investors are bitter about Starbucks, a recent study showed that most investors, most investment analysts are negative about the stock and that's why also the stock is at year lows, there is a link in the description where I discuss Starbucks as an investment, the price earnings ratio is now 28 and I think for a company that has a strong brand and huge growth potential is really cheap when compared to the market, for me a price earnings ratio of 28 is expensive but I really think Starbucks can beat the market in the next 5 to 10 years, so it's interesting how a stock that was the market darling for a long time, after a few earnings call that don't meet the high level of expectations analysts have, then the sentiment starts becoming negative and that's the time to invest in such a growth stock because the company is growing, is expanding at a healthy rate, when you're that big you cannot grow as you have been growing when you were small and that's what analysts don't see, however the stock is getting cheaper and cheaper because the earnings are getting better and it's getting more and more an interesting investment for those who want to be positioned in a globally growing brand, interesting, look at the video, look at the stock, now this is very interesting, I was reading the Wall Street Journal and they have mentioned that Park Avenue penthouse that was once a residence of the ambassador of the former republic of Yugoslavia will hit the market for the first time over 40 years, so the former country of Yugoslavia owned the building and since 1991 nobody lived in that building because the states that were formed after Yugoslavia collapsed didn't make a decision on how are they going to split, now after 27 years they have made the decision and it's extremely good for them that they didn't make a decision, you know why? because the price of the penthouse from 1975 till now increased 180 times, the selling price then was 100 000 for the flat and one buck for the furniture and now the asking price is 18 million, so 180 times increase in what are we 42 years, so that's something crazy and that shows in what kind of asset financial environment we are, stick to assets, have a hedge, stay away from money, money is losing value day by day even if it doesn't seem like that when you look at inflation indicator, so that's something to really keep in mind, in the next 50 years i bet you stocks without adjusting for inflation will also be higher, businesses, real estate everything will be much much higher because there is an inflation of money continually being printed in the world, i think it's 17 per year the amount of money that's printed in the world or has been during the last 10 years, that's crazy and that's unsustainable and you see the result, you see the result if you look, so 180 percent, so an increase of 180 times is crazy, however take advantage of that, think about taking loans with a fixed interest rate, we have discussed that also link in the description or something that you can take advantage of that, not the other way around that inflation takes advantage of you, be careful with that, going on to the disruption field in energy, look at this chart this is us electricity generation by fuel in all sectors in 2009 coal was used for 44 percent of an electricity generation now it's just 31 percent and it wasn't replaced by natural gas 23 percent then 32 percent now what's the reason behind this big of a difference prices as the price of something goes down in this case natural gas it is used more and more and such a shift 10 percent market share energy production share in less than eight years for me it's a huge disruption and let's see what will happen in the future look at this as we have seen everybody switched to natural gas because of lower costs this is the projection of cost of lithium ion batteries per kilowatt hour it is about to get half in the next 10 years up to 2025 if that happens then batteries will become interesting renewable energy will become interested and also that is going to half so if in the next seven eight ten years we see renewables storage of energy get much much cheaper then i think the projected market share for that source of energy will explode like it was the case for natural gas if we go back here to other sources it's not that important here it's not yet important but up to 2025 with the technological disruption that's going on with tesla all over the world with other companies i really think this chart can be much much different and there is nothing we can do about it well there is something we can do about it we can invest in the trend i have been constantly discussing copper prices so let's take a look at the copper chart copper has continued to go up there was a slow dip but now it's continuing to going up my projections are that in the long term copper prices to meet growing demand without any benefit from the electrical vehicle renewable trend coming in copper prices should balance out at 3.54 so we are still cheap i'd say when i say balance out it means that copper prices can go to five to six because copper is a cyclical it goes up when there is more demand than supply it is never it never stays in one place it already goes highly up or highly down so that's why i see copper prices at six at some point and a balance price of four so that's one way to invest and take advantage of what's going on however always think about the risks if there is now global recession in the next year two copper prices will go down to two so if you want to invest in a copper miner look first quartile cost miner low cost miner and low debt because those companies will survive anything even global recession just a quick look at the bitcoin it dipped when there was the issue with china and now it continues to go up i just want to give you some information to get a better picture of this the total cryptocurrency market now is 110 billion and when you say 110 billion that means that of course there are low volumes not everybody's jumping into the market because they still expect the market to grow nevertheless 110 billion of this market is nothing when you compare to how much currency there is and that's about 100 trillion does a thousand times more than what's the market cap of the bitcoin and that bitcoin is not even used in daily transactions so yes the bitcoin is very interesting i have made a video again link in the description where i discuss that the bitcoin can go to 100 000 but also to zero so be very aware of that and it's nice to look at it because passing five thousand is very interesting i'm happy if you own it i'm happy for when people make money even if i don't make part of that trend you can't be invested in anything and i wish you luck i wish it goes to 100 000 for all of you that are invested nevertheless be aware of the risks so let's see now what's going on with the stock market and why there are no more shorts this is a weekly survey by the national association of active investment managers that measures the position of the most skeptical money managers and in this case you can see that most of the skeptical money managers are also 100 percent long this hasn't been the case in the past but now everybody turned long everybody gave up capitulated the shorts have capitulated and everybody is long this means that this market has gone totally ballistic there is no fundamental no rationality it just goes up in the trend so my view is don't fight the trend for now don't short it if you want to sell if you are happy with how much money you have and you want to retire you want to sleep well sell if you still think you can ride the wave ride it but be careful because everybody is thinking the same and when everybody thinks the same then disaster is about to happen and on the way down the way down we have been seeing nine years of the way up the way down will be nine months and it will be a disaster terrible catastrophe be aware of that when you invest adding to that i have also discussed the buffet indicator the link is in the description below the buffet indicator that measures the stock market capitalization to gdp is getting close to the level where it was in the dot com bubble in the 1990s so be careful of that in the 1990s 1999 crazy stocks had crazy valuations and let me show you one stock that had a crazy valuation in the last two weeks helios and matison analytics a company that bought another company about some movie subscription business i don't understand i don't see them making money on that it's extremely risky however the stock price suddenly exposed from below five from a company that issued millions of stocks at a price of 4.74 dollars i think in the last few months in one instant the stock price went above 40 in the last week and then it dropped to the current 20 so that shows you how crazy this market is how everybody is running after some return speculating on explosive stocks or something like that so there is plenty of money and that usually shows like the charts we have seen before that we are close to the peak because the irrationality is getting bigger and bigger however not everything is that irrational let's see the chinese stock market index the chinese stock market index has been surging in the last few months it went up almost 20 and the only explanation i can see that is that the big fears that people had have weakened and the chinese market was extremely cheap we're talking here price earnings ratio of five six ten like the upi stock we have discussed and one chinese stock that i think i'll make a video in the next week or in the following 10 days so expect that i think it's better than upi and now there is something very important something very important for the long term and something that can go wrong and will impact everybody and that is the fed and they're trimming of the balance sheet and increasing interest rates the probability of a third fed hike in 2017 according to bloomberg is very very high however not everybody likes that and very smart people like ray delio they say that the fed could go overboard on rate heights and balance sheet tightening ray delio discussed how if the fed tightens the balance sheet as planned does from 4.5 billion to 2.5 billion in the next four years it would take off 2.5 percentage points for gdp that would mean a recession and he says that it's impossible that the fed tightens as planned like it didn't tighten as planned in the past 10 years this is very important for our gold hedge because this means that gold prices could go even higher higher and higher as the fed is unable to tighten so keep a gold hedge that's always wise to keep and on the other hand we can see increased risks of a recession because now the fed is pushing the brakes and when that happens usually they are doing it so that they can prepare themselves for the next recession with higher interest rates so that they can lower them it's a very interesting tricky situation ray delio goes on explaining how we are like in 1947 when there was a huge wealth gap this is a little bit further to the line and he looks at politics but it's interesting at the current moment one tenth of the 1% of the wealthiest people in us have the same amount of wealth as the remaining 90% so ray delio discusses how there are two economies 60% of the not wealthy and the other the wealthy and how that wealth gap is diverging so that can have a very populist influence in the next few years especially if a recession comes along then the 60% will wake up and anything can happen so also be careful about that big hedge think about what can go wrong in the stock market for what can go well just be invested and it will go well if you want to protect your financial life feel think also about how it can go wrong and the best way is of course an all weather portfolio a link is again in the description below how important has been monetary policy and central banks in the last 10 years 20 years can be shown by these charts the sound of silence the average number of speeches per month from the ECB fed india has been huge over the last 20 years we are talking seven speeches per month so this is very important because everybody's looking at central banks how are they impacting the economy this is a completely central bank controlled economy and financial markets and this chart shows the increase in the speeches and the speeches have been going up up and up this means that they have to talk much in order to keep the control in their hands and not let it slip sooner or later as always in history central bankers will slip just to finish with a chart and i have just read in the wall street journal that obesity rates in the last 50 years have increased 11 times with children this is a chart with percentage of adult population and we are at 38 percent in the states 32 mexico 30 hungary and so on and so on so when investing you always have to look also at long term trends i think this obesity is one of the most dangerous thing that can affect the country because it has health implication healthcare costs medicare medicaid and those are all very burdened at this point in time so you have to also see how the government deficit will solve that people are less productive perhaps they will attack the sugar industry like they did with the tobacco industry because it's clear that it leads to diseases so also think about positioning yourself in the trends that are unavoidable in the next 10 20 40 years and this is certainly an issue nobody's talking about it now but it's certainly an issue that will come to the table in the next 40 years just some food for thought to finish as always thank you for watching consider subscribing click like if you like the content i'll see you in the next video


Today, we would be moving ahead and looking at how self the individual plays an important role in this whole dynamics till now our understanding says that there are certain types of needs which are important for human beings in terms of helping him or her maintaining the level of adjustment, maintaining the ingredients of mental health. But in this whole process today we also discussed that there are certain characteristics and many of these characteristics basically is an interplay between the individual and certain elements in the environment. Now, when individual becomes important it is also important to understand that the self of that very individual also acts as a determinant. Now, when you look at the individual you can think of three basic assumptions, the reality assumptions, the possibility assumptions and the value assumptions. So, when you think in terms of you know striking balance between different types of needs, when you think in terms of you know having certain physical, emotional, social you know desired characteristics which would be considered as the denominators of healthy development. Similarly, we have certain assumptions here we are tri-focating the assumptions as reality assumptions, possibility assumptions and value assumptions. Now, reality assumptions basically you know reflects the view of the things as the individual things they really are. Today you remember we had talked about the frame of reference that there is a need for and adequacy in the frame of reference because individual will always look at others and life events with respect to his or her frame of reference. But in case you know this life experience or the new experience that one has does not fit into that frame of reference one would know certainly derive certain degree of discomfort accepting such things. Therefore, the very idea that you know your perception of how things actually are of the kind of person you are and the nature of the world around you. This constitutes the reality assumptions means for any given thing for any given individual for any given group of individual for any given you know stimuli in the environment. You have your way of looking at it and you say that this is how it actually is. Then you also consider that this is how you are and then you also know interpret the world that this is how the world is. For you this is how you have interpreted things and for you this is what the reality is and there could be a difference between what you consider to be a real representation of the stimuli of yourself and what others think of you and the similar type of stimuli that you are now considering to be of a certain type. How much is the mismatch between you know the perception of two individual will again know pose some type of obstacle in terms of adjustment would require you to realign your thought your assumptions that is you know inter individual type of situations there could be inter individual type of situation where you find that your own reality assumption and the remaining two assumptions that we have not discussed. You might find that there is a certain you know degree of incompatibility between the two where once again there is a need for you to adjust. Possibility assumptions basically you know as the nomenclature suggests possibility assumption basically is the view of how things could be. So the possibility that you search in terms of modifying it rectifying it the possibility that you think can be induced in the situation or within yourself or within the group to modify certain things to change it. And then you also think in terms of the opportunity that it can give to you for your own personal growth and social progress. So that is the possibility assumption. So you know how things are and then you start thinking of is there a possibility of a change. If yes then you would try to modify it. In the process of modification you all think either in terms of know that this is how I would grow in the process or you might think that this is how the community as a whole the society as a whole would progress. One day you remember we were talking with reference to intelligence and creativity and I made a statement that know researches show that for proving know certain facts and figures for mega concepts in certain spheres of knowledge in certain domains you need to be above certain age and in certain domains you need to be much below certain age because that allows you know the possibility of thinking of all know possible or so called perceived weird ideas which usually somebody who is well informed would try to fit into one or the other frame. Possibility assumption know is too close to similar type of discussion that we had yesterday where you know how things are but you know start searching for a possibility of introducing some change. Now imagine certain situations will take know small examples and then we will try to extend it. Say you go to the school for the first time and within a week your parents receive a report from the teacher that the child probably has some problem because he or she cannot attend to know what is being done in the class your what does not participate in the class activities. So usually the process would be that teachers would before know making the parents know about it that teachers themselves would try to find out is there a possibility of modifying it. If it is difficult or if their perception is that it is not possible then they might report it to the parents that find this is what we are struggling with. Now there could be multiple ways of handling it know as a group of teachers or as a single teacher and as one parent or as both the parents know at their own level or combined effort of both of them to make the child come up to the level that is expected in this school that could be one possibility. The moment you think of this you are basically thinking of certain changes that you think can be induced into the system into the individual. One of the greatest scientist of this world was know thrown out of the school he was expelled because the teachers thought that know he has some intellectual deficit that does not know help him come up to the level of what the teachers teach in the class. The mother had to struggle a lot to know pursue the teachers that fine I will work hard with my son you should allow him to continue in the school but finally the British schools did not agree to it and then the mother decided that fine know if the schools are not able to handle my kid and because I have delivered this baby so let me handle the child and the mother taught her child so well that one day this child came up to the level where the world now knows him as Newton. Now Isaac Newton know imagine a situation as a child do not think of him as a great scientist just think of him as a small child where a set of know stakeholders the teachers they decided fine you are intellectually not capable of meeting the need of this very school and hence I do not see any possibility of any change in you and hence you should be expelled out of this school and then the mother thinks that fine there is still the possibility of know modifying the behavior and she finally proves herself. What I am trying to say is that there could be no great degree of variance if you look at the real life cases of course we have taken the most celebrated cases but even in day to day life you would realize that know many people have to struggle know many of you I am sure must have a struggle at one point or the other some of you even after qualifying J.E because of the whole instruction taking place in the foreign language this is not your mother tongue the whole demand that you learn a new subject at a particular pace in a foreign language is too much of a demand. Now imagine know situation of somebody say who has come all the way from south of India is given a room where he has a say a north Indian room partner he is know introduced to a mess where you have know north Indian food staff child the boy has or the girl has been know staying away from the family for the first time in the life. So first time you are in the hostel first time you are in this chill winter you never knew what winter means you only heard of it as a season and then you are told it morning at two clock the classes begins its chilled morning you know that your friend is from north India mother tongue does not match taste does not match preference of songs does not match in the hostel the food does not match in the lecture all the mode of instruction does not match your taste too much of difficulty one would many of you must have experienced. If not all of them all of us have experienced some of them know probably either in one go or discreetly know at different time you have different type of demands against which you had to go. The importance of possibility assumption is that even though you are in a difficult situation it allows you to think that is there a possibility for me to modify certain things. I remember somebody was narrating this experience of one of his wing mates here in the class that he was from rural area in Rajasthan had great difficulty speaking English understanding English and had terrible time in the first semester. The boy who was explaining this story narrating the story said that me and many of our friends were from the convent background and therefore we were very very conversant in English very very comfortable in this foreign language and we could very easily make a distinction of know our comfort level with English and his great discomfort with English and that boy started know watching English movies reading English books the whole attempt was to improve English like anything and he said that after one year his level of English was far superior to us although our entire education was from the convent background you just try to undo something that this is my deficit I will overcompensate it towards the end of this module we will talk about certain types of mechanisms where we would be also talking about know overdoing certain things you just decide that fine this is what I lack so I will definitely attain it and in that process your attempt is so vigorous that you over attain in that whole process this is of course at the individual level you are thinking in terms of what you can achieve in terms of your personal growth think at a larger level know at a more macro level when you have a system at place and then somebody decides that is there a possibility of transforming the whole society is there a possibility of wiping out this type of a feeling wiping out this type of a thought imagine a situation when Mahatma Gandhi would have know conveyed this idea that we should know try to get rid of untouchability right now it might not seem so sound but imagine in those days when there was a heightened degree of this feeling in the society somebody who searches for a possibility of change in the society and says that can we get rid out of it so right from there to say somebody like say Diana and Saraswati for example the man who at one point of time decides it fine is there a possibility that society can think of the remarriage of the widows now these were know extremely deviant thoughts from the then social perspective but then you find that rest of the society is still know very religiously follows the system here you have somebody who thinks that is there a possibility of a change now you are not thinking of personal growth rather you are thinking in terms of the progress of the whole society I am sure you must have seen this ad nowadays I do not remember it is ad of one of the automobiles where a young boy gets down of a bus in a rural area and then the tea shop keeper there says know that better you had gone to city to study and he says that yes I have completed my study and I have come back to the village remember that I and he says that but people go from village to city and he said no but I have come back from the city and then he says that this is the place where my call center would be and then there is a whole transformation of the village this know small tea shop owner becomes a rich man is well dressed and very emotionally shares with the child at find you have transformed the whole village know this is the ad very small ad which comes I do not remember of which product it is one of the automobiles I guess know which basically allows you to know conveniently move from one location the urban to the rural location but one interesting hidden message there is that there is a great possibility of transformation at the rural level know that instead of having those big offices in the urban area have it in the rural area and people can know stay in the those who are staying in the urban area can still know commute to this belt to this local locality rural locality where the office is situated and they can go back this is I know I will say that this is again someone who was visualizing this was also probably thinking of a possibility assumption. Now reality assumption allows you to perceive things in perspective know who is where is what is we are able to make that distinction with the help of our reality assumptions the moment you have the value assumptions coming into picture you start thinking. So, I now understand that this is what I am now that I understand that this is how things are is there a possibility of a change say for example IITs were established to know forced technical education in this country and for long it was you know moving on the same lines when one of the government committees suggested that now it should start branching off into other areas besides engineering education that committees report know few people explained it one way few people tried to explain it the other way few people condemned it few people want try to justify it but what is very interesting is that you gradually realized that something which is established with a particular motive runs for certain time period of time and then you find there are individuals who would think that is there a possibility of modification remember anything that remains stable will start stinking from that point of view. So, you need to have a system which is dynamic which keeps on evolving over time. So, so is true for individual cases so is true for the at the macro level the social cases and then we come to the value assumptions now these are know the view of the way people would start looking at things and would start know demarcating things as good or bad right or wrong desirable or undesirable. So, these are all know basically value oriented judgments by default whether you want it or not you would be classified as good or bad your behavior would be classified as right or wrong certain set of your reactions would be considered divided as and looked upon as desirable or undesirable this is the truth the only interesting thing in terms of these assumptions are that you always have a mix of them it is not that know you have reality assumption in isolation possibility assumption in isolation or value assumption in isolation know these things will always combined together and this makes the story of the life very interesting know we will take couple of examples know to see know when you add these three things in a given situation for different individual how things know become very very different I am not know promoting certain ideology I am not promoting certain ideas I am just trying to take real life examples right one of a medical practitioner from Madhya Pradesh who also happened to be know the human right activist was once arrested by the police forces the charges against him was that he has been sympathetic to the Naxalites the charges was that he has been extending services medical facilities to the Naxalites and basically being sympathetic having that ideologue and those things so he was arrested the local court had sent him to jail the high court also did not give him bail and this thing was hyped like anything in the media and it was not only the Indian media it was the international media who was looking at it because people considered that this is basically violation of the right of a citizen being sympathetic or know providing medical care is not a crime finally this case know went up to the Supreme Court of India and there was this interesting way of looking at it in all the three levels in the judicial system a set of people who was know basically from the police side the government side they said that fine once you start extending your expert services to a group which is anti-national your involvement with such people also makes you anti-national this was one view point and this was a strongly and a repeatedly suggested in the court of law at all the three levels right from lower to the Supreme Court there was a counter viewpoint which said that see I as an individual can know be sympathetic to one ideology or the other but I myself is not involved in anti-national acts and therefore I cannot be clubbed together with the Naxalites but what was very interesting and why I am quoting this example is that we are talking with a reference to self as a determinant know. So this person says that see I am a practicing doctor I have the license from the Medical Council of India fine when I look at a patient I do not discriminate whether you are a Naxalite whether you are from the police forces or who you are your profession does not matter to me who you are also does not matter to me what matters to me is a professional is the remedy that is needed for the problem that you are experiencing for me it is basically the disease for me it is not you could be a Naxalite your disease cannot be an Naxalite now think of you know the whole way the person is looking at it know so you try to explain yourself with respect to the reality assumption who am I I am a doctor you think you think at it from a possibility assumption is there a possibility of providing your expertise to all classes of people or would it be would it be confined to only a small subset of people and you say that fine there are people who deviate from the government's viewpoint who are fighting the government but then there could be a possibility of providing medical care even to them because I am looking at the diseased body I am not looking at the individual and therefore you say that for you my behavior could be undesirable it is a wrong deed but I consider it to be the most ethical act because as a doctor I am treating the diseased body the diseased body I treat the diseased body of the police forces I also treat the diseased body of the Naxalites what I am trying to say is that these assumptions the moment you put it and you take any any there are thousands and thousands of such situations the moment you put them together situation becomes extremely complicated because first you define yourself you define the context in which you decide to modify your own behavior or you demand a modification in others behavior or you demand know modification in the social system that is the possibility assumption and then you start looking at from the value assumption point of view whether this is right or wrong take the very very recent episode no a gang rape episode in Delhi large number of students who move to a certain location in Delhi which is otherwise considered to be the power center where most of the ministries and other other icons are there. Now the reality assumption is that there has been so many cases I am also a women or I am also a man who have women in the family in the friend circle so I define myself I look at the situation I look at my surrounding world at see this is how the rate of crime against women has increased in the national capital and overall throughout the nation this is what proves the inefficiency of certain stakeholders in the government system. And therefore, a large number of people know come forward you say that fine you know we are now demanding that there should be a change in the system all you are saying is that the system is at place and you see possibility of changes that can be introduced you define yourself the reality assumption your possibility assumption that the system must change. Because the system is taking long time to change and you do not trust the people who are supposed to know change the system change the laws and the bylaws you think that they will take more time or probably take much much longer time. And therefore, you start you know applying pressure on them through this mass protest and then you have your value assumption that comes and you say that this act is completely justified and then on the other side this person say that fine this is the line that we have drawn you should not cross this line there are barricades put here you should not cross this line. And if you cross it I have all right to use water cannons to use latichards to use tear gases I am sure you must have heard the debate that took place around that time know the people on the other side of the line saying how justified the act was people on this side of the line saying how unjustified this act was. There is nothing like a common type of a ground know you just have two bipolar views simply because the way you are you know defining things the way you are looking for a possibility of a change and therefore, the way you are trying to make things value oriented is different. Now, imagine a situation if two such people or a set of such people have to live together there would be a great demand on you to adjust each of these individual and each of this group will have tremendous pressure on them to adjust according to the new social realities a negative example twice in our country it has happened many a times, but twice in our country I can recollect that after certain set of mass violence one section of the society decided to know live in a very different way the first was 1984 know anti-sick riot very interestingly I do not know if you have read about it in details during the anti-sick riot in 1984 there were no selected places in India where the sick community was targeted one way on very interesting way of looking at it could be that it was largely economically prosperous areas because you know that the sick community is into business and they are prosperous businessmen hence know that most what you call violent type of behavior was seen by the crowd in these localities otherwise in small small places small small events took place, but for small again I am saying from a perspective of somebody who is an outsider who did not experience it a small act what I say as a small could be extremely bad for somebody who personally experienced it know so that also you should understand now after this anti-sick riot in 1984 very different type of alignment took place in many cities in India there were specialized colonies where it will be largely infested by the sick people with tall barricades main gates very tall walls around it so you basically know you are within a locality you are trying to create an isolated pocket where the density of such people who have been the victim of one type of a mob violence will stay together Delhi for example it has a whole colony the government initiated know establishing that colony of people who lost their family members during the 1984 anti-sick riot similarly in certain localities in certain areas in Gujarat also know after this Godra post Godra riot again you realize that certain segment of the people they decide to move to certain localities where they are in majority and then you have that type of defensive structures now think it from how at a certain point in time you have to redefine who you are how painful it could be how who you are how is the world around you you lived very happily for 25 years 30 years and then suddenly you know everything breaks down there is a documentary sometime if I get time electron I will show you a small visual from that basically a sick women elderly sick women who was the victim of the bomberite talks in front of a camera and she says that you know we were young little girls in 1947 when India and Pakistan were separated there was a mass violence and we lost both heart parents we migrated to Bombay and now I think it was 1991 right if I remember correctly and she says that now it is 1991 when I am this old and my husband has been stabbed he is admitted in the hospital and while she is narrating this she is sitting actually in the corridors of the hospital she does not say anything else but the expression on her face you can see you know now think of it from this point of view that we were discussing you know that you as a small child you had one way of what you are who you are what the world is around you one major experience in your life both the parents are killed you redefine yourself you redefine the world around you again after 45 years you have to redefine yourself you have to redefine the world around you how how difficult it is and therefore do you would realize that literature in mental health literature in trauma psychology literature in clinical psychology is full of such people who had extreme life experiences from this point of view when the society was at unrest we were talking about it you know sometime back that you need to have peace and tranquility in the society if you want many a parameters to move on the positive side of the spectrum the moment you have these disturbances and higher is the frequency higher is the intensity more and more people will start deflecting towards the negative end of the spectrum. So, it was all about these assumptions now we come to three types of anxiety that has to also to do with you know these three set of assumptions that we talked about we talked about reality assumption possibility assumption and value assumption. So, here we have three sets of anxiety reality anxiety neurotic anxiety and moral anxiety now reality anxiety would arise out of you know the danger or the threat that you perceive in the external world that there is a looming danger in your immediate environment and you are sensing it you have perceived it the example of the same you know sick women that we were talking about right now the whole anxiety comes out of the real life situation that she is encountering in life before we come to neurotic anxiety those of you who have not gone through or who are not familiar with the Freudian viewpoint just go through his whole theory of psychoanalysis and read the concept of ego and superego. What Fred basically said was initially he said that we have the unconscious the pre-conscious and the conscious structure of the mind and his whole assumption was that we have knows he said that there is an basically he gave an iceberg analog saying that nine tenth of our you know experiences remain at the unconscious level one tenth is our conscious level and then there is a very thin line in between what is what he called as pre-conscious state of mind conscious you can understand that whatever you are able to sense it as of now that would be constitute the conscious experiences unconscious experiences would comprise of those experiences which you had earlier in your life but you are not able to know recollect them even after the best of the effort that you can put it pre-conscious he said that basically no conscious experiences will gradually be pushed down because of the incoming conscious experiences and therefore some of it will go at the pre-conscious level now so you have it you are not able to recollect but then it can be detected using certain slips whereas conscious you can very easily recollect unconscious he again said no that there are there are ways of know even knowing the elements of the unconscious mind for pre-conscious he said that there could be certain slips like slip of the pen slip of the tongue and these slips will reflect the pre-conscious state of your mind you are speaking something and suddenly you had a slip instead of saying something else came forward with the other word and say sorry sorry sorry and then you know re-spell the other word Freud says that the initial word which actually is an outcome of a slip of the tongue reflects your inner feeling the modified version that you give forward is basically a socially desirable outcome similarly slip of pen you wanted to write something else but wrote something else and a beautiful example you can find in the book introduction to psychology by Morgan King and Scoplar where in the chapter motivation you find a letter written by a mother to her son where she know wishes good as she extends her good wishes to her son after he gets married to a young girl mother somehow did not approve of this marriage and therefore throughout the letter wherever no rest of the words were spelled correctly except congratulations all congratulations had spelling error and the errors were random. So, if you know right wrong spelling could be that know you are probably know you are mistaken in terms of what the spelling should be but if you perform random errors in the spelling of congratulations then it is conveyed something at this case later on came because the mother had later on developed some other complications and in order to understand the nature of the case and the gravity of the case the origin of it finally these letters were deciphered where this is how the psychologist came to the view that the mother child relationship is basically the origin of the problem unconscious Fred said that no he is it is his sentence where he says no that the dreams are the royal road to unconscious. So, Freud in fact said one of the his Freudian technique is interpretation of the dreams where the content of the dream is analyzed to find out the content of the unconscious mind and of course he later on introduced hypnosis as a technique to extract information from the unconscious mind. We are very quickly you know browsing through it if you want to read it in details read the books you will find fantastic description there later on Freud know revised it and he came forward with again three structure model where he talked about it ego and the superego he said that these three structures they guide our behavior and they themselves are driven by three different principles it is governed by pleasure principle it by pleasure principle means I want it it pleases me and therefore I would love to have it ego is you know driven by reality principle. So, ego will always take into account where am I who are the people around me what will happen if I do this what will happen if I do not do that. So, all such calculations the ego will do. So, it is in touch with the reality and then superego which is you know driven by morality principle all do's do's do's do's right wrong good bad all type of moral judgments. Radiant theory says that eat and the superego they usually know run in contrast because one works on the pleasure principle and other works on the morality principle and it is the responsibility of the ego to look at the reality and a strike balance between the needs of your eat and your superego even for small small thing it happens. But then this is the major challenge that one experiences every moment in life, but all of us are successful striking that balance say for example you see a good ball pen in the hand of a friend very good I should have it the eat will ask you to have it immediately it is not worried about the means that you adopt to have the pen it could be stealing it could be forcefully snatching it superego tells you that no it is wrong how wrong it is no that even at this stage you are thinking of stealing a ball pen you remember in class 2 you had done it for a small sharpener that type of moral anxiety it will induce and then ego strikes a balance and he says that fine maybe that when the shop opens here in shop see I will go and see if this pen is available now the later on if you go into the details of no pathological behavior you would realize that over no satisfying the need of the eat or over satisfying the need of the superego both are equally dangerous you have to strike a balance and that is your skill and that is the whole story why we are studying this psychology of adjustment fine so we come with that introduction we come back to neurotic anxiety now neurotic anxiety are caused by the impulses that threatens to break that control mechanism again coming to the back to the world of advertisements no control career took as you remember that I had so you are trying to put a barrier that no no no and you realize that your impulses are overwhelming it is about to surmount the obstructed at you are putting the control mechanism that you are putting at place now once you realize that you are incapable of controlling your desire you come forward with the behavior which invites punitive measures and that is the source of neurotic anxiety and then comes the moral anxiety where either it can arise out of a real situation it could be a contemplated action which is in conflict and where you start no feeling that what you did was not good not right and gradually it makes you develop a sense of guilt truly speaking it is very difficult no say if you blame me I can very well defend myself all of us are good at it but imagine the situation where your inner self starts blaming you you are defenseless you cannot satisfy your own inner self and the guilt that comes out of it the quantum of it is so huge that people who have this thing large majority of them gradually see okay they need assistance to regain their normal state okay so we would continue with this next time.


מגענקי יגה לתאו בולי צאתי, גנדיקי נללי umorin sodomitoku. תראה קומה איתשון, ונתו תקערו עجה נמגעמס. ארמנדו רמו ירו, ברמסחן, ארגתין נתיקי תירה נוקה בין נלולל, תקעפה עמו, קורשי, מנתבו בפנור, ארח קורשי שעירה. למה פעמו, ורקעת עדי עדוקי, סללור, ונמגעבס, ארגת דורטי. ע replay tracoma is a big problem in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has the highest prevalence globally. It is caused by clamedia tracomatis. It's a painful experience for people who experience it. Through repeated infection, it turns the eyelashes inward and eventually gets you blind. Currently, WHO recommends a safe strategy to control tracoma. Tracoma safe is an acronym which stands for Surgery, Antibiotic Facial Cleanliness and Environmental Hygiene Sanitation. Despite the many efforts to implement safe strategy in Ethiopia, the prevalence remains high for many complicated reasons. That's why we wanted to do this research in Ethiopia. The aim of stronger safe trail is to enhance the current WHO recommended safe strategy by investigating new interventions to control tracoma. In our study area in Oromiya, our participants receive two doses of antibiotic as opposed to one dose. We also implement a multi-level behavioral change. Interventions, particularly focusing on preschool children, we also distribute traps and also give headwars to repel flies. By doing all these interventions, our hope is that we will reduce the transmission in our intervention area as opposed to the normal tracoma control areas. We hope it will be practical and sustainable for people to use. We also believe that it's scalable to a larger area because we co-developed the interventions with the community. We hope these interventions could also be scaled up in the whole of Ethiopia and reduce tracoma and blindness.