Hello and welcome to the session on Stream Control Transmission Protocol Association. At the end of this session, students will be able to discuss SCTP association and identify different scenarios such as association establishment, data transfer, association termination and association abortion. Like TCP, SCTP is a connection-oriented protocol. However, a connection in SCTP is called an association to emphasize multi-homing. A connection in SCTP is called an association. Association establishment in SCTP requires a four-way handshake. In this procedure, a process normally called a client wants to establish an association with another process called server using SCTP as the transport layer protocol. Like to TCP, the SCTP server needs to be prepared to receive any association, which is passive open. Association establishment is initiated by the client, which is active open. SCTP association establishment is shown here in this figure. There are steps. The first step is the client sends the first packet, which contains an init chunk. The verification tag of this packet is 0 because no verification tag has yet been defined for this direction from client to server. The init tag includes an association tag to be used for packets from the other direction, server to client. The chunk also defines the initial TSN for this direction and advertises a value for receiver window. The value of the receiver window is normally advertised in a SAC chunk. It is done here because SCTP allows the inclusion of data chunk in the third and fourth packet. Note that no other chunks can be sent with the first packet. The second step is the server sends the second packet, which contains an init acchunk. The verification tag is the value of the initial tag field in the init chunk. This chunk initiates the tag to be used in the other direction, which defines the initial TSN for data flow from server to client and sets the server's receiver window. The init acch also sends a cookie that defines the state of the server. Third step, the client sends the third packet, which includes a cookie echo chunk. This is a very simple chunk that echoes without change the cookie sent by the server. And the fourth step is that the server sends the fourth packet, which includes the cookie acchunk that acknowledges the receipt of the cookie echo chunk. Number of packet exchange. The number of packets exchange is there in TCP connection, establishment and four in SCTP association establishment. Here it might be seen that SCTP is less efficient than TCP. But we need to consider that SCTP allows the exchange of data in third and fourth. After two packets are exchanged, data can be transferred. Verification tag. When we compare TCP and SCTP, we find that the verification tag in SCTP does not exist in TCP. In TCP, a connection is identified by a combination of IP addresses and port numbers, which is a part of each segment. So this has created two problems. The problem one, a blind attacker can send segments to a TCP server using randomly chosen source and destination port numbers. Second problem is that a delayed segment from the previous connection can show up in a new connection that uses the same source and the destination port addresses. Cookie. The designers of SCTP have a strategy to prevent this type of attack. The strategy is to postpone the allocation of resources until the reception of the third packet. The information received in the first packet must somehow be saved until the third packet arrives, but if the server saves the information that would require the allocation of resources, the solution is to pack the information and send it back to the client. This is called generating a cookie. The cookie is sent with the second packet to the addresses received in the first packet. There are two potential situations here. The first is if the sender of the first packet is an attacker, the server never receives the third packet. The cookie is lost and no resources are allocated. The second situation is that if the sender of the first packet is an honest client that needs to make a connection, it receives the second packet but the cookie sends the packet with the cookie with no changes. Here pause the video, think and answer. A connection in SCTP is called an association. The answer is B. Data transfer. The whole purpose of an association is to transfer data between two ends. After the association is established, bidirectional data transfer can be take place. The client and the server can both send data. There is a major difference between the data transfer in TCP and SCTP. The TCP receives messages from a process as a stream of bytes without recognizing any boundary between them. The process may insert some boundaries for its peer use but TCP treats that marks as a part of text. A segment can carry parts of two different messages. SCTP on the other hand recognizes and maintains boundaries. Each messages coming from the process is treated as one unit and inserted into a data chunk unless it is fragmented. A message received from a process becomes a data chunk or chunks if fragmented by adding a data chunk header to the message. Each data chunk formed by a message for a fragment of a message has one TSN. In SCTP, only data chunks consume TSNs. Data chunks are the only chunks that are acknowledged. Here you can see the scenario. In the figure, a client sends four data chunks and receives two data chunks from the server. The client uses the verification tag 85, the server 700. The packets sent are as packet 1. The client sends the first packet carrying two data chunks with TSN 7105 and 7106. The client sends the second packet carrying two data chunks with TSNs 7107 and 7108. The third packet is from the server. It contains the sag chunk needed to acknowledge the received of data chunks from the client. Contrary to TCP, SCTP acknowledges the last in-order TSN received, not the next expected. The third packet also includes the first data chunk from the server with TSN 1-1. Here the server sends another packet carrying the last data chunk with TSN 1-2-2. But it does not include a sag chunk in the next packet because the last data chunk received from the client was already acknowledged. Finally, the client sends a packet that contains a sag chunk acknowledging the received of the data fragmentation. Another issue in data transfer is fragmentation. SCTP shares this term with IP fragmentation in IP and SCTP belongs to different levels. SCTP preserves the boundaries of the message from process to process when creating a data chunk from a message. If the size of the message does not exceed the MTU of the path. If the total size exceeds the MTU, the message needs to be fragmented. Fragmentation at the source SCTP takes place using the following steps. The step one is that message is broken into smaller fragments to meet the size of requirement. A data chunk header is added to each fragment that carries a different TSN. The TSN needs to be sequenced. All header chunks carry the same stream identifier. The same stream sequence. The combination of B and E are assigned as follows. First fragment is 1-0, second middle fragment is 0-0 and the last fragment is 0-1. Association termination in SCTP like TCP either of the two parties involved in exchanging data that is client and server can also close the connection. However, SCTP does not allow a half-close association. If one end closes the association, the other end must stop sending new data. If any data are left over in the queue of the receipt of the termination request then they are sent and association is closed. Association abortion, the termination of association is sometimes referred to as graceful termination and association in SCTP can also be aborted. The abortion may be requested by the process at either end or by the SCTP. A process may wish to abort the association if there is a problem in the process itself. The server may wish to abort the association because it has received an init chunk with wrong parameters. The requested resources are not to be available after receiving the cookies the operating system needs to shut down and so on. The abortion process in SCTP is very simple, either end can send an abort chunk and abort the association as shown in the figure. Now further chunks are needed. Here pause the video, think and answer. The stream control transmission protocol is a new, the answer is B, reliable and message oriented protocol. Here is my reference. Thank you.


It's important to understand how exactly cats communicate and, perhaps more importantly, how they don't communicate. Humans constantly vocalize their emotions, needs, and demands. Cats ignore humans because they were never bred or trained to listen and obey like dogs. Because cat behavior is based so much on natural survival instincts, they will not communicate if there is no need. Cat mothers in the wild will only use vocal communication with their kittens as a warning or alert to danger. If there is no imminent danger or need to communicate, well, a cat is literally not going to waste her breath. Therefore, if you are calling out to your cat but they don't need anything from you in that moment, they are not likely to respond.


And won't be a giant waste of your time that you just hang up on your wall and then never look at again. Now this is a very controversial topic and if you ask your family, most of them are probably going to tell you that you have to go to college because back when they were young, that was the key to success and they have your best interests in mind. And I mean, can you really blame them? College has been a part of the American dream for decades. But if you look on YouTube or honestly a lot of different places on the internet, most creators are going to tell you that college is pretty much not worth it. Now we've all heard the stories about the successful college dropouts, turned billionaires, and how they would have been even more successful even faster if they never went to college. And while there may be some truth to this, I do think that this is a little bit misleading. Take Mark Zuckerberg for an example. So if Mark Zuckerberg never went to Harvard, he probably would have never been able to start Facebook. So Facebook started off as a site that only college students could join. You needed an email that ended in .edu that you could only get if you went to college. Plus, let's be realistic here. Not everyone can be a billionaire. And honestly, do you even want to be a billionaire? I mean, these guys work like 120 hours a week. Like work is all they think about. They're just totally focused on work. They're basically robots that just work all the time. A study by the Journal of Nature Human Behavior showed that basically your happiness doesn't really increase above depending on what metrics you use, $75,000 to $95,000 a year. But the truth is is that many majors today are just complete scams, and you will probably never be able to get to that $75,000 to $95,000 a year mark. And even if it's your passion in life, you would probably be better off just studying it on your own without ever going to college. And there are countless examples out there of people who end up going six figures into debt and they can't even find a job. And if you don't believe me, then go ahead and take a trip to your local Starbucks and just ask them what degree they have.  Like, I've actually talked with many of them and they're smarter and more educated than I am by a long shot, but they still work as baristas and they make pretty much minimum wage. Because the truth is, only about 25 to 27% of college majors have a job that is actually related to the major that they spent years of their life in order to get. But if you are really smart and you do your research, you can choose a major that is going to be something that is extremely in demand, and it's going to set you up for your whole life.  And the majors that I'm going to focus on now are ones that are great right now and they're also going to be great for many, many years in the future. And if you're trying to figure out what to do with your life right now, like I don't blame you. I was in your position at one point and if you really pay attention and watch this video, you're going to have a really good idea of what direction that you should go. And the reason that I'm making this video is because I honestly wish a few years back that I had someone just like me to tell me the truth. Just give it to me the way that it actually is. Tell me the hard truth and it would have saved me a lot of time. Now number five on this list is going to be engineering. And this might come as a huge surprise to a lot of you because you probably thought that this was going to be number one. So what exactly do engineers do? Well, if you look on Google, the official definition is someone who applies the principles of science and mathematics to develop economical solutions to technical problems. Okay, so that was a lot of words, so let me try to kind of simplify this for you. Engineers are basically the middlemen between science and the real world. They have to have a really good understanding of the science behind why things work and then they basically apply that to the real world in a cost effective and efficient way. Now a few examples of engineering degrees that make the most money are going to be obviously petroleum engineering and then any type of engineering degree that involves software coding or technology. Now some of the cons of being an engineer, it's very, very difficult. Probably one of the hardest majors that you can do. It's heavily science and math based. So you have to be very, very good at math and science. And then another thing, and this could be probably a good or a bad thing, is that it's always changing and you have to basically be able to keep up with the latest developments and technology. So the pros of being an engineer is that it's very difficult. And what does that mean? It means that not a lot of people can do it. And so there's a huge barrier to entry for others who want to try to get into engineering. For this reason, engineering will never become fully saturated and you'll pretty much have a job for the rest of your life. Now another pro is, of course, I already mentioned it, it pays very, very well. Not all of the engineering degrees pay six figures right off the bat, but pretty much all of them, you can easily work your way up to six figures. It'll just take a few years. Now another pro is that there is a lot of room for growth and you can always evolve and expand in your career. If you want to take on more of a management position, you know, you want to be like a project manager, you can go in that direction. Or if you think there's like an evolving technology that you have a lot of passion for or you think there's a lot of opportunity there, you can specialize in that and go in that direction. So number four on the list is going to be human resource management. And this is another great career that anybody can get into because just about every company on the earth needs people that have these skills. So the definition of human resource management is pretty complicated, honestly, but it's basically just how a company manages the people who work inside of the company so they can get the most out of them, you know, the most efficiency without, you know, getting sued or something like that.  I'm going to forward it like it's hot. Yes. And more and more companies are realizing that it's incredibly important to put their employees first, you know, treat their employees well.  And it just turns out to be a really good long-term strategy. And it's important to also note that, you know, human resource managers are the ones who do the hiring and the firing. And they're also the ones that make sure that the company doesn't get sued or fined.  The thing that makes HR so important is that basically all big businesses in any industry that you go into need HR personnel. And I actually know of several different professionals that ended up pivoting and going into HR because there was such a high demand for HR managers. Oh God! So the cons of HR, well, first of all, you're gonna have a really heavy workload. You're kind of like the glue person in a company. And so there's just a ton of different stuff. There's always gonna be something that you need to do at any given time.  And then of course, the third thing is office politics. There's gonna be a lot of office politics when you get into HR. And you are going to have to be the mediator when people have issues with each other, you're gonna have to sit down with both parties and kind of talk it out. And that can get probably pretty annoying. So the pros of HR is that you get to interact with a lot of people. You're gonna be hiring people. You're gonna be doing performance reviews. You're gonna be attending a lot of meetings. So if you are an extroverted person, this is probably a very, very good career path for you to get into. The second pro for HR is you're always gonna have something to do. So if you are the type of person who really likes your day to go by super fast, you just wanna show up to work, do a bunch of work, and then all of a sudden, you know, it's the end of the day and you get to go home, this is gonna be another career that's gonna be great for you. And then of course, the third thing is the very, very attractive salary. So number three on the list is going to be business majors, but this one does have a caveat to it. You do have to specialize if you go into business. So you don't wanna just get like a general business major, you do need to specialize in something. And a really good example of one that you could specialize in would be a sales manager. And when it comes to business majors, it is very, very important that you do your research and you figure out which one you like and then also figure out which one pays really well so that you can choose which majors to specialize in. And the truth is, is there will always be demand for business majors because companies need people who are really talented and they understand how business works in order for their company to be successful. And this isn't gonna change anytime in the near future. So the trick to getting a business degree is to niche down, specialize something and then get so good at that thing that the company simply can't ignore you. Now, let's talk about some of the cons of getting a business degree. If you're not careful, you might end up in a corporate office job, which can get really, really boring. You'll end up like at a cubicle. If you're lucky, maybe you have your own office, but you'll basically be just like sitting at a desk all day long and that can get really boring over time. The second thing is a lot of companies have really rigid structures and they don't give you a lot of freedom. So if you're someone who is extremely creative, business major, you can still go into it, but you do have to really do your research and figure out which companies give their employees more creative freedom. Now, another thing about being a business major is this major is notorious when you get hired by companies for having extremely competitive and cutthroat environments. Everybody's gonna be going for the job promotion. A lot of people are gonna wanna be leaders on certain projects and a lot of people are gonna wanna take credit when one project goes well or if it doesn't go well, they're gonna try to blame you. So one thing that will help you a lot if you go into business major is being competitive. So if you're competitive, this is a really good one to go into, which is one of the pros for being a business major. Now, another pro is the opportunity for advancement. If you really excel in an environment like this, you can work your way all the way up to be the CEO of a company and CEOs can make millions, sometimes over $10 million a year, sometimes even more. So there is an extremely high ceiling for this if you really, really excel at it. And one thing that I forgot to mention is a lot of the time if you go into a business career, you may need to get a master's degree in order to be competitive. So instead of just going to school for four years, you might have to go to school for six years or more. So number two on the list is to major in a health career. So one really unfortunate fact about life is that we are all going to get sick at some point and have health issues and that is just never gonna change. But this means that there will always be demand for healthcare professionals. And one really good example of this would be health services management where you're basically kind of just like a CEO or a high level executive of a hospital or a clinic and you just make sure that things run, the hospital or clinic makes money, but you also make sure that everything happens in an ethical way that is the best thing for the patients who come into that facility. Recent research by the American Association of Medical Colleges has shown that by 2030, there will be a shortage of probably over 100,000 doctors and it's not much different for nurses and other healthcare professions. And on top of that, healthcare is becoming more and more complicated with different laws changing and new demands in the profession. And if you choose a career in healthcare, it's pretty safe to say that you will pretty much never go without a job and you'll be able to live very comfortably pretty much anywhere you want to in the United States. Now a really good website that you can use to do research on different health careers because some are better than others is explorehealthcareers.com. This is actually the website that I used to choose my profession, which is I'm a pharmacist and it'll give you a really good general overview of different careers that you can look into. So you could maybe make a list of 10 different health careers that you're very interested in and then go ahead and just call people who actually work in those careers and then ask them about it. Now some of the cons of pursuing a career in health is you are gonna get worked really, really hard because if somebody is sick, you have to take care of them even if you don't want to, you don't want to work those extra hours. It's sort of an ethical dilemma. You have to take care of them and if a bunch of other people call out sick, you still have to take care of them.  And the second thing is you end up seeing people at their worst.  They can be extremely rude on you and it can be a really, really rough environment to be in. And then another thing is this ethical dilemma of business versus health. So this is a huge, huge issue in this day and age. A business has to make money in order to continue to survive but when it comes to health and that sort of thing, it can be a little bit of an ethical dilemma on how much money the business can make. And for that reason, there's a lot of regulations and there's a lot of laws and red tape. Some of it needed and then some of it probably not as necessary. Now the pros of healthcare is that you will always have a job.  And another thing is you get to make a real impact. I mean, if you are good at your job, you are helping people at some of the lowest points of their life and you can truly go home at night and say that you made an incredible impact on people's lives, which is very, very underrated. Now, number one on this list is going to be a computer science degree. And an example of a computer science degree would be a software developer and right now we are entering the age of automation where more and more we are trying to automate things that we do in our day-to-day life in order to save time.  Take our jobs. Yeah, take our jobs. Take our jobs. And I strongly believe that in the next 50 years, probably the most valuable skill that you can have is either being able to automate something or streamlining a process. And that is exactly what computer science teaches you. Software developers are making six figures right out of college easily. And if you're willing to move to a big city like San Francisco, Seattle, you can easily get up into the $200 to $300,000 a year range within a few years. And on top of the lucrative salary, companies will fight tooth and nail in order to get you to be one of their employees. And this means that you can pretty much live wherever you want. Just look at what Google offers their employees.  You get amazing benefits. You get free food, free coffee, free entertainment. You can take a break in the middle of the day and do yoga or whatever you want. It is insane. And if you're willing to job hop, and that is basically where you move from job to job every few years, you can basically get companies to start a bidding war and they will all just fight over you.  No, I'm gonna pay you 190, 210. And that way you can increase your salary to the 200 to 300K a year range a lot faster. Now, a few of the really hot subjects that I'm gonna learn about right now are gonna be machine learning, artificial intelligence. You're gonna wanna get into maybe virtual reality or augmented reality. And right now, there are pretty much no cons to getting into this. This is the perfect time to get into this major. The only cons I can think of is you do have to spend a lot of time staring at a computer screen, which we already spend a lot of time doing that, right? And then the other thing is, if you want to get paid extremely competitively, you will have to live in certain big tech cities like Seattle, Austin, San Francisco area, Silicon Valley. You probably will want to live in those areas. So this does round out the list, but I do want to mention that there are a few key things no matter what area you go into that you need to do your research on.   So if you look up a career and it has really low job satisfaction, that might mean that even though there's a lot of demand for it, there might be regulations or something along those lines that are causing the job to be very, very stressful or unfulfilling for people who go into that career. And then the third thing you wanna look up is the job growth demand. So you're basically just going to look up how many openings there are going to be in the next 10 years, versus how many people there are to fill those openings. It's pretty obvious. And obviously, if there's gonna be a lot more openings than people to fill those openings, there are going to be incredible opportunities for you and there won't be much competition. And then of course, the fourth thing to look at is, are you interested? So you want to pick something that you're interested in, pick something that you're passionate about. You don't wanna just pick something that makes the most money. That is not going to lead to a fulfilling life. And you'll actually probably end up making more money if you pick something that you do like and do have a passion for, because you're gonna get a lot better at it. And so a good idea would be to make a list of 10 different careers. This is what I did that fit these four criteria. And then what you wanna do after you make that list is you want to contact and reach out to people who actually work in those careers. You can do something as simple as just calling them on the phone, you know, going up to the business and speaking with them. And then you can also ask them to shadow, which is where you basically go and just kind of hang out with them for the day just to see what they do on a day-to-day basis. And then based off of that, you'll see what the job is really like and if that's something that you want to do, you know, for 10 years or longer in your future. Okay, so I really hope that you enjoyed this video. You know, I work really hard on these videos. They take a long time to make. And if you made it this far in the video, please like, subscribe, you know, smash the like button, smash the subscribe button. And then also comment down below. Let me know what you think. Tell me if there's some degrees that I missed out on. Tell me if I should have put number five is number one or whatever you believe to be true.  And until next time, bye for now.


Because people aren't going to take this issue seriously, they're not going to take this movement seriously if you're constantly pandering to people's feelings. What other movement of justice panders to people's feelings over spreading the truth? What other movement does that? Black rights movement? Women's rights movement? Gay rights movement? Who does, which movement does that? Should the animal rights movement panda to people's feelings? Should it? Well, not while I'm around. Music Thank you very much for your support. After watching you, I learned a lot on communication and since then, my parents and brother have went vegan. Good friends around me. Well, that's good. I'm glad. Look, I want to say this to people who criticise my approach constantly. I can do whatever approach I want. I can do certain different approaches. And there are certain times that call for certain different approaches. But when you get me out there on a street, like, look, it's me and a stranger. I'm given in the no BS direct, straight to the point, hard truth. But when you get me talking to like a friend of a friend and it's a different setting and it might be a personal environment, you know, yeah, I adapt my approach, you know what I mean? But when you're talking about public activism, you know, creating a civil disobedience, direct action, you know, heavy duty debate where there's four or five people coming into me, then of course, I adapt my approach. That's just me. But I'm obviously a little bit more blunt and straightforward than others. And you just adapt the approach to your personality. Don't ever forget the animals. Don't apologise for being vegan. Don't apologise for speaking out against animal abuse. But you know, if you wanted to land a little bit more softly, get it to land a little bit more softly. That's all, that's all.  You can't say that doesn't work though. They might have a little bit of a stick up their bum like they might be a bit angry with me at the start. But when the truth sinks in, they'll realise that what I'm saying is true. And that's the main thing, is what you're saying true.   You know, look, I got taught by one of the, the most experienced activists of all time, Gary Urofsky. He said, don't try to be a politician.  All right, we're not politicians. We're not trying to sell you anything. We're trying to speak up for animals. Okay, we don't need everyone to be our friends. Okay, we're friends to the animals. Don't need, I don't need you to like me. Don't need everyone to like me. You might, you might like me just as a result of me being honest to you. True friends are honest to other people. Like if you're a true friend, you're honest.   So, I mean, that's a pretty funny analogy, but it's true.   You know, you don't really walk around telling the God honest truth all the time, but with certain things, it's important to speak truthfully. And it doesn't always mean be rude. Look, sometimes I'm a bit ruder than others. Like sometimes I just had enough, you know, just, we're all human beings. Just do your best. Do your best. Like don't think that you have to have some perfect, clear cut, amazing, articulate, you know, cool, calm, collected approach at all times. It's just not realistic, right? It's not human. It's not human.   It's a very simple topic. Animal cruelty is one plus one equals two. It's not some, you know, it's not some equation you have to try to work out. It's just like, let's just keep it simple. Let's keep it simple. Another thing I want to talk about is, we've got to make eating animal products socially unacceptable. That's one that we have to make eating animal products socially unacceptable. Now we're going to get there by going, oh, it's okay, one step towards vegan is fantastic, good work. Yes, stay vegetarian, that's fine. No, don't worry about the dairy cows being raped and murdered. No, okay. Making eating animal products and using animal products socially unacceptable takes a certain type of stance. We have a zero tolerance, zero tolerance to animal abuse, zero tolerance to the animal holocaust, okay? So when you see those fur activists out there and they're going, you know, fur trade is the death trade. Animal abusers wear fur, okay? What are they doing? Do you think that they're just doing that because they're angry? They're doing that for a certain reason and it's to make wearing fur socially unacceptable so that they're shaming people for wearing fur. They're shaming people. Now, don't get me wrong, is it always the right time to shame someone?  If you feel ashamed about that, I did, that's why I changed, come on.  That's how much contempt animals were treated. I was treating animals with when I was consuming them in their products, their byproducts. So think about the psychology of making something socially unacceptable. Think about that psychology. Like, do we need a bunch of, you know, animal rights activists who are so tolerant of animal abusers that they walk around on eggshells trying not to upset anyone? How are you gonna make animal products socially unacceptable like that? You know, you can make people wake up and, you know, curiously think and go, wow, you left me with a really good thought.  How do you leave someone, how do you leave someone with a real feeling like compelled to change? How do you leave someone with that feeling? So that's what I want you to ask yourself. That's what I want you to ask yourself. I changed because of guilt. When I was a gang member and doing bad things and out there beating people up and, you know, taking drugs and my mother's crying and, you know, hurting my family around me and, you know, a lot of my change came from the guilt associated with what I've done and wanting to do better, you know? If you've got some money in your hand and you're paying someone at the supermarket to go and then pay a slaughterhouse to cut an animal up into a million pieces so you can turn them into your poo so you can turn them, you can flush them down the toilet, right? And you don't have no guilt associated with that? The last person who should make you feel comfortable about that is an animal rights activist.   So that's what I want to cultivate a activist like that, you know?  But I think showing that you're not here to enable animal abusers is good, is good. Yeah, we have zero tolerance to it. And yeah, we're gonna make it socially unacceptable. You know, why shouldn't there be, like they do with the fur protests out the front of places that are selling dairy products? The moral implications of dairy products is the same as fur. Some reason for fur protests, most of the meat eating public are on board with fur protests, I think fur is abhorrent and unnecessary and cruel. Well, guess what? So is dairy meat and eggs. Most of the meat eating public think, you know, the dog meat trade in Eulen is unnecessary and cruel. Well, guess what? So is the dairy industry. So is the egg industry for the exact same reasons.  So that's what I want people to think about. Think about that. Think about how to make eating animal products, using animal products, wearing animal products, socially unacceptable. And that's how you change society. And that's how, well, you think like, you know, I don't know, civil rights actors, people are against racism, come on. Racism is socially unacceptable. So it should be, it's evil. Racism is evil, you know? Sexism, socially unacceptable, you know, homophobia, things like that. These are socially unacceptable now. There was a time when that was absolutely fine. Not now, exactly. Cause you're gonna get called out for homophobia and all these things. And rightly so, rightly so. So same with animal abuse. We have to treat it like that.  It's, don't be afraid of speaking your mind about it. So if you see me like in my recent video, that's me at the supermarket making animal products socially unacceptable. I'm saying it's disgusting. An animal is tortured and killed so you can eat their flesh. It's disgusting. No, I wouldn't, like that's not a time for me to use a Socratic method, even though like I've been a proponent of the Socratic method since I started. Like, I'm not gonna go up to people in the supermarket when we're doing that type of direct action and go, do you think this is disgusting?  Cause it's obviously, it obviously is.  All right? Simple. People get offended because intrinsically they're good people. Conscious, their conscience bothers them. Yeah. Yeah, exactly. And they might get angry at the person speaking the message instead of the message itself. That's probably a need to, it's easier to attack the messenger than attack the message. Okay. People go to me, are you, who are you to talk?  So you can't tell us anything now. So what has that got to do with abusing animals?  It's an exit strategy. It's like, it's a way around being accountable. That's what they're trying to do. But for me, if someone was straight up to me, straight up to me, said, Joey, you're paying for those products, abusing animals.  There's no way around it. You gotta stop. You gotta stop. You gotta go vegan, man. If you care about what happens to those animals in that slaughterhouse, which I know you do, which I did. I did, I cared about animal cruelty. But no one was there to hold me accountable for it. That's the problem.  That's what we don't want.  She goes, I'm vegetarian. What you're doing is good. And I said, only animal abusers by dairy. Now, if someone wants to pay lip service to what we're doing, while they're walking past, I couldn't care less about lip service. I couldn't care less.  Now, of course I would prefer like the meat-eating population to support what we're doing.  Just saying, I support what you do, but I'm not a vegan.  The victims don't care whether you say you support what we do, but you actually, your actions oppose what we do. Your actions are literally paying for the Holocaust of animals. So a vegetarian walking pass going great, I'm a vegetarian, great work. What is that really doing for animals? Other than them feeling good about themselves when they go and buy a bottle of milk, which is paying for the most horrific cruelty on earth. People say, well, give vegetarians a break, Joey. What do you mean, give?   Basically being a vegan is the least you can do. You're not paying for dairy, you're not paying for fur, you're not paying for leather, you're not paying for obvious black and white cruelty issues. These aren't gray areas. These aren't gray areas. So, if you're a vegetarian, you already made enough of a change to kick meat, but why are you hanging on to eggs and dairy? Seems selfish to me. If you know that 50% of the beef is coming from slaughtered dairy cows, so you're supporting the beef industry. Where do you think egg-laying hens go after they're finished laying eggs for you? They go to the slaughterhouse. All them male chicks that have been macerated in the life of vegetarians, like, we shouldn't treat this any differently. That's what I'm saying. We shouldn't treat it any differently. If you're vegan for the animals, you're vegan for the animals. You know, you're not vegan for vegetarians, and it shouldn't, you know, and me, for me, I wasn't vegetarian before, I went vegan. I had this feeling like, you know, I got the message in a very apologetic way, and it took me six months to change. So, that just gives you an idea of what apologetic health advocacy does. Plant-based health advocacy. It wasn't compelling me to change. It was like, do this for your health, you know, but live and let live kind of thing, and it took me six months to change. But if I had heard Gary Yarofsky that first week, I would have been a vegan. I mean, I could only say I would have been a vegan if I heard Gary Yarofsky's speech, seen him show the slaughterhouse footage, talk about the animal holocaust, you know, calling me straight out the way he does in his poetic way. Mate, I would never have gone back. So, just because certain forms of activism, you know, might be a ticket, just because, let's just say health advocacy, environment advocacy, it's sort of that hooks them in to a certain group. Then they find the animal rights message after being hooked in by these other issues. If they found the animal rights message strong first, you don't think that's gonna work? If they get interested in health, right, then they find the animal rights message and they go vegan. What's to say that that person isn't susceptible to the animal rights message anyway? Of course they are. Of course they are, that's why they go vegan. They might find the health message first, but they only go vegan when they find the animal rights message. That's how it works. And I would have too, because I know, because it took me six months to change after getting the health message. And I just wasn't compelled to change for ethics. I was doing it for, I was doing juice fasting and all this, eating more fruits and vegetables and eating stew, eating chicken for protein and all that. No one told me chickens are being tortured and abused for me and it's my fault.  I wish they did. I would have definitely moved faster. Definitely moved faster. And when people go, oh, this baby steps approach, baby steps, this and that, no, no. Adults take adult steps. Baby steps are for animal abusers who are being complacent. Yeah, but I'm gonna talk a little bit more about making animal abuse socially unacceptable, making animal products socially unacceptable. You know what I mean? Like we are kind of doing it, but more.  You know, like really unacceptable. Like it's animal abuse to buy animal products. It's animal abuse to buy dairy. You know, it's animal abuse to buy packets of eggs. Why isn't it? Why isn't it? Why is fur animal abuse, right? Why is testing on monkeys and a lab animal abuse? But why isn't buying eggs animal abuse? Free range eggs, where male chicks are macerated. Macerating male chicks for free range eggs. You know, like vegetarian buying free range eggs. Why isn't that animal abuse? Just like if, you know, a plant-based for health goes and buys a fur coat, you know? Plant-based for health, but goes and buys a fur coat. You're gonna say, well, wait a second. That ain't a vegan. That is an animal abuser. But yeah, that's why, you know, plant-based is good. It's good.  You're not a vegan. You're not a vegan. Sorry, just not. But I'm not sorry, because you're not. But it's good. 97% of the cruelty on earth, I don't know that statistic, it's probably more like 99% of the cruelty. Meat, dairy and eggs on earth. Meat, dairy and eggs, fishing industry.  So fishing industry, huge. But you gotta remember they've been ground up into pellets fed to farm fish, ground up into pellets fed to land animals. So yeah, yeah, so although like people might say, you know, Joey, you're too harsh, you're too harsh, no, not at all, not at all. Because there's a difference between animal rights activist and plant-based for health. There's just, there's a massive difference there.   But I still would educate them to saying like, yeah, that plant-based is great, you know, but you gotta stop buying leather or anything like that. Plant-based is great, you know, but you gotta stop buying leather and wool and down those industry's torture animals as well, you know. As well, people, I think they mean well, right? And they just, they wanna be nice and that. But when you say it doesn't matter what reason they're vegan for, I think that's a massive error. Because you can only be vegan for one reason. You can't be vegan for health. You can be plant, you can eat, you can eat a diet that is vegan for your health. You can eat a diet that is vegan, you know. If you're eating a fully plant-based diet, your diet can be vegan, but your clothes can be made of skin, you know. Your products can be tested on every single animal's face in the universe. You can have a puppy meal, breeding puppies, skinning those puppies and making jackets out of them and your diet is vegan. That's what a plant-based for health is. So when, you know, you can be plant-based for the environment as well.  Beef's got a bigger carbon footprint. What does that mean for the animals? More chickens murdered? Yeah, that you can only be vegan for the animals. Okay, I can't say that enough. You can only be vegan for the animals. You can eat a plant-based diet, which is cutting out a lot of the cruelty. Don't get me wrong, a lot of the cruelty. If everyone was food vegans, a lot of the industries, like the majority, like food vegans, no fish, no meat, you know, no dairy, no eggs, no honey. A lot of those industries that like most of the cruelty on earth would cease. But then, you know, the reality is we're not gonna have everyone be food vegans at once. We're gonna have people who are vegan, eating vegan food and still buying leather and still buying, you know, down pillows.  So if we're not giving people the right message and are they gonna be compelled enough to stay vegan? Think about that. Think about that. If you're eating plants for your health, I wasn't. I'm walking proof and I'm an anecdote, but when I started looking at the raw food and stuff and I started losing weight and it was all about weight loss. All about weight loss. I felt really good clarity. So I was doing juice fasting. I was eating steamed vegetables. I felt good, right? Started eating chicken breast when I started doing weights.  I was eating predominantly healthy whole foods and eating those animal products for protein because I was training because I didn't know about the cruelty in these industries. And I wasn't compelled to stay plant-based because I didn't have the education. I wasn't being held accountable. I didn't see slaughterhouse footage, okay? I didn't hear Gary Urofsky. I didn't hear a Joey Carbstrong. I didn't hear a Paul Bashir. So yeah, and a lot of it is lack of education, you know? And they just hear the message and they think, oh, well, food, that's the most obvious thing. And the reason I talk about food the most is because that's where most of the cruelty is. That's where most of the cruelty is. But the leather industry is huge. Leather industry is huge. I think when you get the right message, right, and you look at it from the justice issue, you look at it as animal exploitation as an issue of injustice. You treat it like any other justice issue. You don't practice it sometimes. You don't have exceptions here and there. You're just like, it's wrong. It's always wrong. What's that coat made out of? You know, what's that pillow made out of? Is that wool? Is that wool? Is that made from a sheep? You know, you check into everything, you know? Because all you need is that one core message and it extends out to all the products, not just your food.  You're not gonna go to the circus because you've had that one core message and that's what keeps you vegan in all other aspects forever.  But yeah, for the most part, if you're a real hard-of-people and they get the right message, they're gonna help the environment and their health as well, but they're gonna stay vegan and not buy all the other products that harm animals as well. And more often than not, when you give someone the right message, they give that right message to other people.  Oh, no, just do your best. Plant-based 90% of the time, yada, yada, yada. No, they go out and they start speaking for animals when you give them the right message. That's why my message has always been, get me on TV, I'm talking about gas chambers.  You give someone the right message, right? Especially someone in a position like I am where I've got lots of people listening to me.  And you cultivate a community of animal defenders of animal rights activists, okay? Not people who are going, oh, yeah, no. Really, here's a pat on the back for being vegetarian on a Tuesday. No, they'll say, no, animal abuse is always wrong and you have to go vegan. If you're not going vegan, you're abusing animals and it has to stop, you know? So that's the type of rhetoric we need, you know? It has to be, like I said before, socially unacceptable. We need more activists. We need more activists. We need more activists. And the only way you get more activists is by making vegans vegan with the right message. The right message about the animals. Keep it about the animals. And guess what? When people get the right message and they go vegan 100% vegan for the animals, that's good for the environment too, isn't it?  Okay? So focus on the root cause of the destruction of the environment. The root cause is people, you know, thinking animal exploitation is fine and then they support these industries that are destroying the environment and torturing and killing animals. You know what I mean?  Well, you know, I did a little bit, but like now I just think, no. Because if I'm compelling enough people to change for the right reason for the animals, then the knock-on effect of that is gonna help the environment, isn't it? People stop eating cows, chickens, pigs, and fish and dairy products. The knock-on effect of that is it helps the environment. And guess what? They're gonna stay vegan long-term because they've got the right message to begin with, not plant-based sometimes for the environment, stop eating beef for the environment and eat chickens for the environment, eat wild caught fish for the environment, reuse leather jackets and walk around with animal skin like advertising animal skin, like it's a fashion item, wearing a fur coat because I don't wanna throw it away and like advertising torture on your body like it's fashion item, you know, that type of thing. So it's about our mentality. Even as vegans, it's about our mentality. What's your mentality like towards animals? That's what people would come up, backyard eggs, backyard eggs. And it's like, well, you're still viewing those animals as a resource, as a slave for you. These animals serve you, do they? You think these chickens are here to serve you to plop eggs out of their behind for you all day? And then when you're done with them, what you drop them off at the shelter, you just send them to the slaughterhouse? Animals aren't here for you. Animals are not here for people to exploit. And that's the message you want to give to people. So yeah, I hope that makes sense. And that's why I don't, I have got a no-nonsense approach. And you know, people who are apologetic, they just cringe at the side of me. They cringe at the side of me because I say all the things I don't want to say. Because if they spoke like, think about it. They look at me and they must go, shit, man. He doesn't care about making people upset. I'm constantly trying to apologize to people, for vegans like him. He's making me look bad. He's making me feel uncomfortable. Well, too bad. Too bad, I don't care. I don't care about your feelings. I care about what happens in the slaughterhouses. You know what I mean? And the same type of apologetic people have never sat there to, have never sat there to watch Dominion. They haven't watched it from start to end. They don't know what the animals have gone through. I've seen Dominion a dozen times, more than a dozen times. I edit that video into my content a lot. You know? And when we did the February scary, the February scary campaign, all I was looking at was animals being raped and killed. All I was looking at all day was where animals being raped and killed and looking at the industries that sexually exploit animals and just getting filled with anger, filled with hatred for the industries that do this. You know? And then I just had such a no-nonsense approach to this after like, I always have. But when you spend a month researching what actually they actually do to animals, come back and see me then.  I'm not, you know? I'm not after that. You think I'm gonna walk through a supermarket and just go, oh, yeah, no, that's cool. Like, yeah, oh, you're vegetarian, that's great. No, the cows in the slaughterhouses want you to stop. That's it. And that's us, that's me to those who support the industry. Sobbed all day long through Dominion. It's horrific and horrible. And you know, there's a few types of people, those who know the truth, who have seen the truth and agree with different activism methods and those who shield themselves from the animal's suffering and go around criticizing other activists for speaking up against it, okay? Because they haven't faced one second of what the animals go through.   Aren't they?  Is that what you're thinking about? Your selfish self? We don't care if we're giving you a bad name.  If you defend the abuse that's going on to animals, that gives you a bad name.  That, you know, trillions of animals being tortured and killed in murder factories.   And if you dare defend anyone who supports that, it makes you look bad. The activists who speak up against it, they don't look bad. Not in my eyes anyway. Not through if the animals could speak, if the animals could see what was going on here and see who's defending them properly.  But the rest of the days you ate more meat and yeah, great, no meat on Monday. So what? So what? Like, that's not the right mentality. That's not the right mentality. So when I see people being apologetic like that, enabling animal abuses, I just feel disappointed. I feel disappointed and I look at you like, I look at you like you're on the wrong side. You know, you're on the wrong side. You're not looking at it through the animals' eyes. And that's a massive problem. It's a massive problem. And not just with meaties and normal unaware people, but within the vegan movement, it's a problem. Within the vegan movement, it's a problem, big problem, because it's getting so big. You know, you've got people that are just trending or just doing it for the environment or these other reasons, but they haven't faced, you know, what animals go through in a slaughterhouse and they need to, they need that reality check. You know, so me personally, even when I first went vegan, I used to look at fur activists and go, oh, that's too much. That's too aggressive. You ever seen like foxes and coyotes get skinned alive?  Have you seen what that looks like? Then you tell me fur activists are too aggressive.  How dare me? How dare me for even saying that, like thinking that? Like someone out there with a sign saying, fur traders, death trade, calling someone a fur hag for wearing the body of an animal, right? I thought that was too aggressive, but then you see what the animals go through in the fur industry, being anally electrocuted, having their fur torn off of their fully conscious body and laying there to suffer without skin, right? That's not too aggressive. But anyway, that was me too. So I know, I know.  And that was a big mistake. That was a big mistake. You know why? You know why I did? Because it was easier. Because you got less backlash. You got more love, more acceptance. You made people feel comfortable. You know, made people, eating meat feel more comfortable. You know, it's a bit nicer. And it's an easier road, but it's the wrong road for me. Anyway, because I'd rather it be harder and be done right, be done right, said correctly. Because what we fall in the trap of doing is censoring ourselves, hiding the truth from people just to make them feel good or to be liked. Just to be easy, you know? And the animals lose their voice like that. Because we hide what we truly feel. We hide what we truly feel about it. You know, so we're constantly checking ourselves and oh, better not say that.  You know, that's what I truly feel. Excuse me, you know how you just purchased that bottle of dairy there?  Bolt gunned in the skull if they're born a boy? Sorry, but not sorry. Gary Orofsky, excellent.  He's done more speeches than any activist alive, okay? Two and a half thousand school talks. That's two and a half thousand Q and A's where people are given implants filled pain. That guy knows what he's talking about. He knows what he's talking about, okay? He's got more experience on the ground than anyone else in the world. If you look up what he thinks you should do as an activist, don't be a politician. Explain the rapes, explain the Holocaust. Don't think that calling yourself plant based is gonna make people listen. Call yourself an animal liberation activist, a vegan animal liberation activist, okay? Don't panda to people.  They're not, they're not. People won't change if they're not ready. You can't help that, no matter how you act. If they're ready, they'll appreciate your honesty.  At least if you don't panda to them, you've got more of a chance of helping that person who's open take it seriously. Cause people aren't gonna take this issue seriously. They're not gonna take this movement seriously if you're constantly pandering to people's feelings. What other movement of justice panders to people's feelings over spreading the truth? What other movement does that? Black rights movement, women's rights movement, gay rights movement, who does, which movement does that? Should the animal rights movement panda to people's feelings? Should it? Well, not while I'm around. So yeah, like, I don't know why all of a sudden cause you're a vegan, you gotta automatically be a machine that doesn't get emotional. It doesn't, you know, you got too emotional there.   You think I'm gonna be nice to him? You know what I mean? What do you think? Does he deserve my respect here?  He doesn't respect those pigs suffering in their own blood so we can eat a piece of their flesh. Does he really deserve me? Does he deserve me to go, oh, excuse me, sir? Politely, can you please stop abusing animals? Like, whatever, like, oh no. But that's some of the things that, like I would think about, you know, in the background here, I get a lot of comments from people. I get a lot of criticism from people. I got a lot of criticism from other vegans. I get a lot of nonsense about my method, about my attitude and, you know, I interrupt and, you know, this and that. It's like, and? And I'm out here defending animals, mate.  I'm out here to show you that pigs are being stabbed to death if you haven't seen Dominion, it's been out for years now.  I've got more media in one month, in one month, being an unapologetic activist in the UK, all across the media. Dairy cows are being raped, pigs are being gashed tampered, this is a Holocaust. And okay, I've got more media from that. And you might say, well, that was negative media. How do you know what negative media is? Just because the headline's negative? It puts it in people's consciousness and they're sitting around the dinner table going, oh, you hear that vegan activist, Joey Carpstrong talking about dairy cows being raped? Oh, really? No, what does he mean? Well, artificial insemination, let me see a video of it. Oh wow, held down in Iraq, that's pretty bad. Was he talking about gas chambers? No, pigs aren't being gashed tampered. You know, the gas chamber thing, most people didn't know that pigs are being gashed tampered. Every single time I've been on television, millions of people watching, every single time I've talked about pigs being gashed tampered, every single radio appearance I've ever had, I've talked about pigs being gashed tampered to death for bacon. When I was on Veganville, the third episode when I did the speech to the university, if you look at Veganville episode three, I showed gas chambers footage to the students, right? And they said, oh, it wasn't very successful talk. Wasn't successful? Guess what they put in the episode? The pigs being gashed tampered. So one million people watched that last episode, 1.1 million people on mainstream television, BBC One. 1.1 million people, vast majority non-vegans saw gas chamber footage on TV. First time gas chamber footage has been on TV.   I haven't seen the study, you know? I've probably affected people without them even realizing. I have farmers coming up to me saying that, you know, I've reduced my meat consumption because of you, I watch your videos. They watch me because they hate me. Then they end up, it ends up getting through to them.     So you're seeing the message. They're seeing the message whether they like me or not. It's getting through to them. They don't understand that when they walk away from me and then when they forget about how I made them feel, the message is gonna be left there next time they look at that bacon. Yeah, I'll talk about it my way. And you know, there's already enough people doing the same approach in the movement. And, you know, you can't use me as an excuse if there's other people being nicer. So what is it? If there's enough people in the movement being nice and you're not vegan yet, you're gonna use me as an excuse that you're not vegan? Right?  Cause you can't use one activist out of one million, right, as an excuse not to go vegan. Cause you're just looking for an excuse, right? And if a vegan is nice to you, guess what? That guy's a pussy, soft vegan, this and that. Like, I don't have to listen to them, listen to them. Like, you know, I've heard it all. I've been nice, I got shot down. Been straight out and people have listened. I've been straight out, I'm too aggressive. I've been nice, people have listened. So it's not you, it's them. It depends on the person. And that's what Gary Ofsky was saying too, after he's probably the person who's ran the study the most, cause he's got most experience talking to large groups of people during his two and a half thousand speeches that he did over 20 years. So that guy there, he knows. When he does a speech, he might have some people saying, oh, you're too aggressive. But 80% of the audience thought his message was great. So what's with those, that other 20%? If 80% thought his message was great and that other 20% thought he was too aggressive, was it him? Or was it those people in the audience who were unwilling to take the message no matter how he acted? They already had their backs up, no matter what. They don't wanna let go of their stake. Do you know what I mean? If you're going to listen to someone about advocacy, right? Check out Gary Ofsky. Check him out. Long-term animal rights activist, vegan for the animals, AF, and experienced, very experienced. So, I think we've got a bunch of people clapping out their windows for the NHS. Yeah, you know what, I might do some podcast soon, do a few more live streams soon. Thank you for tuning in, everyone. When's Gary coming back? Let's hope he comes back soon, very soon. God, that would be amazing. A lot of fire under the movement, a lot of fire under the animal agriculture. Another one, that'd be fantastic. Anyways, guys, thanks for tuning in. Peace out.