Hello and welcome to the session on framing. It's a function of data link layer. At the end of this session, student will be able to simulate framing methods. Data link layer has a number of specific functions which include providing a well-defined service interface to the network layer, framing, physical addressing, error control, flow control, access control, etc. In this video, we are going to see the function framing in detail. The data link layer divides the stream of bits received from the network layer into manageable data units called frames. For synchronization between sender and receiver, one or more synchronization bits are usually added to the beginning of each frame. Data link layer takes the packets from the network layer and encapsulates them into frames for transmission. Each frame contains a frame header, a payload field for holding the packet and a frame trailer as shown in figure 1. Error control is achieved by adding a trailer at the end of the frame. Trailer contains control information. It is responsible for ensuring that frames are received intact or undamaged. Data link layer computes a short token called a checksum for each frame and includes the checksum in the frame when it is transmitted. When a frame arrives at the destination, the checksum is re-computed. If the newly computed checksum is different from the one contained in the frame, the data link layer knows that an error has occurred and takes the steps to deal with it. For example, it may discard the bad frame. Before going further, pause the video for some time and find the answer. Once you have done this, you may resume the video. As data travels on the media in a stream of 1s and 0s, how does a receiving node identify the beginning and end of a frame? Option A is, the transmitting node inserts synchronization bits at the beginning and end of each frame. Option B, the transmitting node sends a beacon to notify that a data frame is attached. Option C, the receiving node identifies the beginning of a frame by seeing a physical address. Option D, the transmitting node sends an out-of-bind signal to the receiver about the beginning of the frame. The answer is option A, for synchronization between sender and receiver, one or more synchronization bits are added at the beginning and end of each frame. The methods of framing are character count, character stuffing, bit stuffing, physical layer coding violations. Let us see these techniques in detail. The first framing method is character count, which uses a field in the header to specify the number of bytes in the frame. When the data link layer at the destination finds the byte count, it knows how many bytes follow and hence where the end of the frame is. This technique is shown in figure 2, where the data received from the network layer is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. It is split into three frames of sizes, 5, 4 and 4 bytes respectively. The figure 3 shows one more example of character count technique with four small frames of sizes 5, 5, 8 and 8 bytes respectively. Figure 3A is without any error. The trouble with this algorithm is that the count can be garbled by the transmission error. For example, if the byte count of 5 in the second frame of figure 3B becomes 7 due to a single bit flip, the destination will get out of synchronization. It will then be unable to locate the correct start of the next frame. Even if the checksum is incorrect, the destination knows that the frame is bad. It still has no way of telling where the next frame starts. Sending a frame back to the source asking for retransmission does not help, since the destination does not know how many bytes to skip over to get to the start of the retransmission. For this reason, the character count method is rarely used. The second method that is character stuffing overcounts the drawbacks of the character count method. That is, it gets around the problem of re-synchronization after an error by having each frame start and end with special bytes. If the destination ever loses synchronization, it only has to look for DLE STX and DLE ETX characters. Each frame starts with the asking character sequence DLE STX and ends with the sequence DLE ETX, where DLE is data link escape, STX is start of text and ETX is end of text. However, if binary data is being transmitted, then there exists a possibility of the characters DLE STX and DLE ETX occurring in the data. Since this can interfere with the framing, the sender's data link layer inserts an ASCII DLE character just before the DLE character in the data. The receiver's data link layer removes this DLE before the data is given to the network layer. However, character stuffing is closely associated with 8-bit characters and this is a major hurdle in transmitting arbitrary sized characters. Figure 4 gives an example data stream before stuffing after stuffing and after de-stuffing. Figure 4A shows the data sent by the network layer, that is, A DLE V in this example. Figure 4B shows that each frame starts with DLE STX and ends with DLE ETX. Figure 4C shows the data at the network layer of the receiving side. The third method, bit stuffing, allows the data frames to contain an arbitrary number of bits. At the start and end of each frame, a flag byte consisting of special bit pattern 01111110 is inserted. Whenever the sender's data link layer encounters 5 consecutive ones in the data, it automatically stuffs a 0-bit into the outgoing bit stream. This technique is called as bit stuffing. When the receiver finds 5 consecutive ones in the incoming data stream followed by 0-bit, it automatically de-stuffs the 0-bit. The boundary between two frames can be determined by locating the flag pattern. Figure 5 gives an example of bit stuffing. Figure 5A shows the original data. Figure 5B after bit stuffing. Figure 5C shows the result after de-stuffing. Before going further, pause the video for some time and find the answer. Once you have done this, you may resume the video. If the bit string shown in the example is bit stuffed, what is the output string? The answer is shown here. It is computed by first inserting a flag byte, then the data 011110111, then a stuffed 0 after 5 consecutive ones, then remaining data 011111, once again a stuffed 0 after 5 consecutive ones, then the remaining data 10 and a flag byte. Once again pause the video for some time and find the answer. Bit stuffing adds an extra or stuffed 0 to the data section of the frame when there is a sequence of bits with the same pattern as dash. Option A, header, option B, trailer, option C, flag, option D, none of the above. The answer is option C that is flag. The last method of framing is only applicable to networks in which the encoding on the physical medium contains some redundancy. For example, some lands encode one bit of the data by using two physical bits. Normally, a one bit is high-low pair and a zero bit is a low-high pair. The scheme means that every data bit has a transition in the middle, making it easy for the receiver to locate the bit boundaries. The combinations high-high and low-low are not used for data. Many data link layer protocols use a combination of a character count with one of the other methods for extra safety. In this video we have seen framing which is a function of data link layer. Thank you.


CHAPTER 1. PERI BONCÈ, ITA MISSÈ EST. The door opened, and the men of the congregation began to come out of the church at PERI BONCÈ. A minute earlier, it had seemed quite deserted this church set by the roadside on the high bank of the PERI BONCÈ, whose icy snow-covered surface was like a winding strip of plain. The snow lay deep upon road and fields, for the April sun was powerless to send warmth through the grey clouds, and the heavy spring rains were yet to come. This chill and universal white, the humbleness of the wooden church and the wooden houses scattered along the road, the gloomy forest edging so close that it seemed to threaten, these all spoke of a harsh existence in a stern land. But as the men and boys passed through the doorway and gathered in knots on the broad steps, their cheery salutations, the chav flung from group to group, the continual interchange of talk, merry or sober, at once disclosed the unquenchable joyousness of a people ever filled with laughter and good humour. Cleofas Pesan, son of Thade Pesan, the blacksmith, was already in light-covered summer garments and sported an American coat with broad-padded shoulders, though on this cold Sunday he had not ventured to discard his winter cap of black cloth with hairlined ear-flaps for the hard felt hat he would have preferred to wear. Beside him, Eugide Simard, and others who had come a long road by sleigh, fastened their long fur coats as they left the church, drawing them in at the waist with scarlet sashes. The young folk of the village, very smart in coats with otter collars, gave deferential greeting to old Nazare Larouche, a tall man with grey hair and huge bony shoulders, who had in no wise altered for the mass his everyday garb, short jacket of brown cloth, lined with sheepskin, patched trousers, and thick woolen socks under mousse-hide moccasins. Well, Mr. Larouche, do things go pretty well across the water. Not badly, my lads, not so badly.  The first puffs brought talk of the weather, the coving spring, the state of the ice-sun, Lake Saint-Jean, and the rivers, of their several dewings, and the perished gossip, after the manner of men who, living far apart on the worst of roads, see one another but once a week. The lake is solid yet, said Cleopas Pesson, but the rivers are no longer safe. The ice went this week beside the sand-bank opposite the island, where there have been warm spring-holes all winter. Others began to discuss the chances of the crops before the ground was even showing. I tell you that we shall have a lean year, asserted one old fellow. The frost got in before the last snows fell. At length the talk slackened, and all faced the top step, where Napoleon La Liberté was making ready an accord with his weekly custom to announce the perished news. He stood there motionless for a little while, awaiting quiet, hands deep in the pockets of the heavy lynx coat, knitting his forehead in half-closing his keen eyes under the fur cap, polled well over his ears. And when silence fell, he began to give the news at the full pitch of his voice, in the manner of a carter who encourages his horses on a hill. The work on the wharf will go forward at once. I have been sent money by the government, and those looking for a job should see me before Vespers. If you want this money to stay in the parish instead of being sent back to Quebec, you had better lose no time in speaking to me. Some moved over in his direction, others, indifferent, met his announcement with a laugh. The remark was heard in an envious undertone. And who will be foreman at three dollars a day? Perhaps good old La Liberté. But it was said jestingly, rather than in malice, and the speaker ended by adding his own laugh.  Napoleon La Liberté proceeded in laudous tones. A surveyor from Robert Val will be in the parish next week, if anyone wishes his land surveyed before mending his fences for the summer. This is to let him know. The item was received without interest. Peri-Bonkov fervors are not particular about correcting their boundaries to gain or lose a few square feet, since the most enterprising among them have still two-thirds of their grants to clear. Endless acres of woodland and swamp to reclaim. He continued, Two men are up here with money to buy furs. If you have any bear, mink, musk, gratter, fox, you will find these men at the store until Wednesday, or you can apply to Francois Paradis of Miss Tassini, who is with them. They have plenty of money and will pay cash for first-class pelts. His news finished. He descended the steps. A sharp-faced little fellow took his place.  A great burst of laughter greeted him. They knew them well. These pigs have hormidas raising, no bigger than rats, and quick as squirrels to jump the fences. Twenty-five cents, one man bid chafingly. Fifty cents. A dollar. Don't play the fool, Jean.  Jean stood his ground. A dollar, I won't go back on it. Hormidas berubé, with a disgusted look on his face, awaited another bid, but only got jokes and laughter. Meantime the women in their turn had begun to leave the church. Young or old, pretty or ugly, nearly all were well clad in fur cloaks or in coats of heavy cloth. For honoring the Sunday mass, sole festival of their lives, they had doffed coarse blouses and homespun petty coats, and a stranger might well have stood amazed to find them habited almost with elegance in this remote spot, still French to their fingertips in the midst of the vast lonely forest and the snow, and as tastefully dressed, these peasant women, as most of the middle-class folk, in provincial France. Cleophase Peasant waited for Louise Trombley, who was alone, and they went off together along the wooden sidewalk in the direction of the house. Others were satisfied to exchange jocular remarks with young girls as they passed in the easy and familiar fashion of the country, natural enough, too, where the children have grown up together from infancy. Pete Godreau, looking toward the door of the church remarked, Maria Chaptolaine is back from her visit to Saint Prime, and there is her father come to fetch her. Many in the village scarcely knew the Chaptolaine's. Is it Samuel Chaptolaine, who has a farm in the woods on the other side of the river, above Honfleur? That's the man. And the girl with him is his daughter, Maria? Yes, she has been spending a month at Saint Prime with her mother's people. They are bouchards, related to Wilfred Bouchard of Saint-Gadion. Interested glances were directed toward the top of the steps. One of the young people paid Maria the countryman's tribute of admiration. A fine, hearty girl, said he.  How are the young fellows of the village to manage an evening at their place on the other side of the river and above the falls, more than a dozen miles away, and the last of them with nox to no road? The smiles were bold enough as they spoke of her, this inaccessible beauty, but as she came down the wooden steps with her father and past nearby, they were taken with bashfulness and awkwardly drew back, as though something more lay between her and them than the crossing of a river in twelve miles of indifferent woodland road. Little by little the groups before the church dissolved. Some returned to their houses, after picking up all the news that was going. Others, before departing, were for spending an hour in one of the two gathering places in the village, the Kerr's house or the general's store. Those who came from the back concessions, stretching along the very border of the forest, one by one untied their horses from the row and brought their slaves to the foot of the steps for their women and children. Samuel, Shapdellin, and Maria had gone but a little way when a young man halted them. Good day to you, Mr. Shapdellin. Good day, Miss Maria. I am in great luck at meeting you, since your farm is so high up on the river, and I don't often come this way myself. His bold eyes travelled from one to the other. When he averted them it seemed by a conscious effort of politeness. Swiftly they returned, on their glance, bright, keen, full of honest eagerness was questioning and disconcerting. Francois Paradis, exclaimed Shapdellin. This is indeed a bit of luck, for I haven't seen you this long while, Francois, and your father dead too. Have you held on to the farm? The young man did not answer. He was looking expectantly at Maria, with a frank smile, awaiting a word from her. You remember Francois Paradis, of Mr. Cine Maria? He has changed very little. Nor have you, Mr. Shapdellin, but your daughter, that is a different story. She is not the same, yet I should have known her at once. They had spent the last evening at Saint Michel to Mr. Cine, viewing everything in the full light of the afternoon, the great wooden bridge, covered in, and painted red, not unlike an amazingly long Noah's Ark, the high hills rising almost from the very banks of the river, the old monastery crouched between the river and the heights, the water that seized and whitened, flinging itself in wild descent down the staircase of a giant. But to see this young man after seven years, and to hear his name spoken, aroused in Maria memories clearer and more lively than she was able to evoke of the events and sights of yesterday. Francois Paradis, why surely, Father, I remember Francois Paradis? And Francois, content, gave answer to the questions of a moment ago. No, Mr. Shapdellin, I have not kept the farm. When the good man died, I sold everything, and since then I have been nearly all the time in the woods, trapping or bordering with the Indians of Lake Mysticine and the Riviera of Foin. I also spent a couple of years in the Labrador. His look passed once more from Sanwell, Shapdellin, to Maria, and her eyes fell. Are you going home today, he asked? Yes, right after dinner. I am glad that I saw you, for I shall be passing up the river near your place in two or three weeks when the ice goes out. I am here with some Belgians who are going to buy furs from the Indians. We shall push up so soon as the river is clear, and if we pitch a tent above the falls close to your farm, I will spend the evening with you. That is good, Francois, we will expect you. The alders formed a thick and unbroken hedge along the river Peribonca. But the leafless stems did not shut away the steeply sloping bank, the levels of the frozen river, the dark hem of the woods, crowding to the farther edge, leaving between the solitude of the great trees, thick set and erect, and the bare desolateness of the ice only room for a few narrow fields, still, for the most part, uncouth with stumps, so narrow indeed that they seemed to be constrained in the grasp of an unkindly land. To Maria Shapdellin, glancing inattentively here and there, there was nothing in all this to make one feel lonely or afraid. Never had she known other prospect from October to May. Save those still more depressing and sad, farther yet from the dwellings of man in the marks of his labour. And moreover, all about her that morning had taken on a softer outline, was brighter with a new promise, by virtue of something sweet and gracious that the future had in its keeping. Perhaps the coming springtime, perhaps another happiness that was stealing toward her, nameless and unrecognised. Some, while Shapdellin and Maria were to dine with their relative, Azalma LaRouche, at whose house they had spent the night. No one was there but the hostess, for many years a widow, and old Nazair LaRouche, her brother-in-law. Azalma was a tall, flat-chested woman with the undeveloped features of a child, who talked very quickly and almost without taking breath, while she made ready the meal in the kitchen. From time to time she halted her preparations and sat down opposite her visitors, less for the moment's repose than to give some special emphasis to what she was about to say. But the washing of a dish, or the setting of the table, speedily claimed her attention again, and the model-log went on amid the clatter of dishes and frying-pans. The pea-soup was soon ready and on the table. While eating, the two men talked about the condition of the two men talked about the condition of their farms in the state of the spring ice. You should be safe enough for crossing this evening, said Nazair LaRouche, but it will be touch and go, and I think he will be about the last. The current is strong below the fall, and already we have had three days of rain. Everybody says that the ice will hold for a long time yet, replied his sister-in-law. Better sleep here again tonight, and after supper the young folks from the village will drop in and spend the evening. It is only fair that Maria should have a little more amusement before you drag her off into your woods up there. She has had plenty of gaiety at Saint-Prem, singing and games almost every night. We are greatly obliged to you, but I am going to put the horse in immediately after dinner, so as to get home in good time. Old Nazair LaRouche spoke of the morning sermon which had struck him as well-reasoned and fine. And after a spell of silence he exclaimed abruptly, Have you baked? His amazed sister-in-law gaped at him for a moment before it stole upon her that this was his way of asking for bread. A little later he attacked her with another question. Is your pump working well? Which signified that there was no water on the table, as Alma rose to get it, and behind her back the old fellow set a sly wink in the direction of Maria. I assault her with parables, chuckled he. It's polite her. On the plank walls of the house were pasted old newspapers, and calendars hung there, such as the manufacturers of farm implements or grain merchants scatter abroad, and also prints of a religious character, a representation in crudest colour and almost innocent of perspective of the Basilica at Saint-Anne de Beaupris, a likeness of Pope Pius X, a chromo where the pale-smiling Virgin Mary disclosed her bleeding heart and circled with a golden nimbus. This is nicer than our house, thought Maria to herself. Nazaire LaRouche kept directing attention to his wants with dark sayings.  Or perhaps, fond of maple sugar, are you? I never get enough of it. And then as Alma would help him to a second slice of pork, or fetch the cake of maple sugar from the cupboard. When she wearied of these strange table manners, and bade him help himself in the usual fashion, he smoothed to ruffle temper with good-humoured excuses. Quite right, quite right. I won't do it again. But you've always loved to joke as Alma. When you have youngsters like me at dinner, you must look for a little nonsense. Maria smiled to think how like he was to her father, both tall and broad, with grizzled hair. Their faces tanned to the colour of leather, and shining from their eyes the quenchless spirit of youth, which keeps alive in the countrymen of Quebec, his imperishable simple heartedness. They took the road almost as soon as the meal was over. The snow, thawed on top by the early rains, and frozen anew during the cold nights, gave an icy surface that slipped away easily beneath the runners. The high blue hills on the other side of Lake Saint John, which closed the horizon behind them, were gradually lost to view, as they returned up the long bend of the river. Passing the church, Samuel Chapeleon said thoughtfully, The mass is beautiful. I am often very sorry that we live so far from churches. Perhaps not being able to attend to our religion every Sunday hinders up from being just so fortunate as other people. It is not our fault, side Maria, we are too far away. Her father shook his head regretfully. The imposing ceremonial, the Latin chants, the lighted tapers, the solemnity of the Sunday mass, never failed to fill urn with exaltation. In a little he began to sing. His voice was strong and true, and he used the full volume of it, singing with deep fervour. But ere long his eyes began to close, and his chin to drop toward his breast. Driving always made him sleepy and the horse, aware that the usual drowsiness had possession of his master, slackened his pace and at length fell to a walk. Get up there, Charles Eugène. He had suddenly waked and put his hand out for the whip. Charles Eugène resigned himself and began to trot again. Many generations ago a chaplain cherished a long feud with a neighbour who bore these names and had forthwith bespowed them upon an old, tired, lame horse of his, that he might give himself the pleasure every day when passing the enemy's house of calling out very loudly, Charles Eugène, ill-favoured beast that you are. Wretched, bradly brought up creature, get along, Charles Eugène. For a whole century the quarrel was dead and buried, but the chaplain's had ever since named their successive horses Charles Eugène. Once again the hymn rose in clear ringing tones, intense with feeling. And again, sleep was mastered, the voice died away, and Maria gathered up the reins dropped from her father's hand. The icy road held alongside the frozen river. The houses on the other shore, each surrounded with its patch of cleared land, were sadly distant from one another. Behind the clearings and on either side of them to the river's bank it was always forest, a dark green background of cypress, against which a lonely birch tree stood out here and there, its bowl naked and white as the column of a ruined temple. On the other side of the road, the strip of cleared land was continuous and broader. The houses, set closer together, seemed an outpost of the village, but ever behind the bare fields marched the forest, following like a shadow, a gloomy freeze without end, between white ground and grey sky. Charles Eugène, get on there! Charles Eugène woke and made his usual good-humoured faint toward the whip, but by the time the horse slowed down after a few livelier paces he had dropped off again, his hands lying open upon his knees, showing the warm palms of the horse-hide mittens, his chin resting upon the coat's thick fur. After a couple of miles the road climbed a steep hill and entered the unbroken woods. The houses, standing at intervals in the flat country all the way from the village, came abruptly to an end, and there was no longer anything for the eye to rest upon, but a wilderness of bare trunks rising out of the universal whiteness. Even the incessant dark green of balsam, spruce, and grey pine was rare. The few young and living trees were lost among the endless dead, either lying on the ground and buried in snow or still erect, but stripped and blackened. Twenty years before great forest fires had swept through, and the new growth was only pushing its way amid the standing skeletons in the charred-down timber. Little hills followed one upon the other, and the road was a succession of ups and downs scarcely more considerable than the slopes of an ocean swell, from Crest to Trough. Maria Chatelaine drew the cloak about her, slipped her hands under the warm robe of grey goat skin and half-closed her eyes. There was nothing to look at. In the settlements new houses and barns might go up from year to year or be deserted and tumble into ruin. But the life of the woods is so unhurried that one must needs have more than the patience of a human being to await and mark its advance. Alone of the three travelers the horse remained fully awake. The sleigh glided over the hard snow, grazing the stumps on either hand, level with the track. Charles Eugène, accurately followed every turn of the road, took the short pitches at a full trot, and climbed the opposite hills with a leisurely pace, like the capable animal he was, who might be trusted to conduct his masters safely to the doorstep of their dwelling, without being annoyed by guiding word or touch of rain. Some miles farther, and the woods fell away again, disclosing the river. The road descended the last hill from the higher land and sank almost to the level of the ice. Three houses were dot along the mile of bank above, but they were humbler buildings than those of the village, and behind them scarcely any land was cleared, and there was little sign of cultivation. Built there they seemed to be, only in witness of the presence of man. Charles Eugène, swung sharply to the right, stiffened his forelegs to hold back on the slope, and pulled up on the edge of the ice. Chape d'Alanne opened his eyes. Here father said Maria, take the reins. He seized them, but before giving his horse the word, took some moments for a careful scrutiny of the frozen surface. There is a little water on the ice, said he, and the snow has melted. But we ought to be able to cross all the same. Get up, Charles Eugène.  The ruts of the winter road were gone, and the little furs which had marked it at intervals were nearly all fallen and lying in the half-thodged snow. As they passed the island, the ice cracked twice without breaking. Charles Eugène trotted smartly toward the house of Charles Lindsay on the other bank. But when the sleigh reached midstream, below the great fall, the horse had perforced to slacken pace by reason of the water which had overflowed the ice and wetted the snow. Very slowly they approached the shore. They remained only some thirty feet to be crossed, when the ice began to go up and down under the horse's hooves. Old Chateaulein, fully awake now, was on his feet, his eyes beneath the fur cap, shone with courage and quick resolve.  The wise beast dug his cocked shoes, threw the deep slush and sprang for the bank, throwing himself into the collar at every leap. Just as they reached land, a cake of ice tilted beneath their weight and sank, leaving a space of open water. Samuel Chateaulein turned about. We're the last to cross this year, said he, and he halted the horse to breathe before putting him at the hill. After following the main road a little way, they left it for another which plunged into the woods. It was scarcely more than a rough trail still beset with roots, turning and twisting in all directions to avoid boulders and stumps, rising to a plateau where it wound back and forth through burnt lands, it gave an occasional glimpse of a steep hillside, of the rocks piled in the channel of the frozen rapid. The higher and precipitous opposing slope above the fall, and at last resumed a desolate way amid falling trees and blackened rampikes. The little stony hillocks they passed through seemed to close in behind them. The burnt lands gave place to darkly crowding spruces and furs. Now and then they caught momentary sight of the distant mountains, of the Riviera Leck, and soon the travellers discerned a clearing in Tile Forest, a mounting column of smoke, the bark of a dog. They will be glad to see you again, Maria, said her father. They have been lonesome for you every one of them. End of Chapter 1 Chapter 2 of Maria Chaptelen This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Kim Sr. Chapter 2 Home in the Clearing It was supper time before Maria had answered all the questions, told of her journey down to the last and littlest item, and given not only the news of St. Prem and Perry Bonka, but everything else she had been able to gather up upon the road. Tsibé seated facing his sister, smoked pipe after pipe without taking his eyes off her for a single moment, fearful of missing some highly important disclosure that she had hitherto held back. Little Alma Rose stood with an arm about her neck. Telly's fore was listening too as he mended his dog's harness with bits of string. Madame Chaptelen stirred the fire in the big cast-iron stove, came and went, brought from the cupboard plates and dishes, the loaf of bread and pitcher of milk, tilted the great molasses jar over a glass jug. Not seldom she stopped to ask Maria something, or to catch what she was saying and stood for a few moments dreaming, hands on her hips, as the village is spoken of, rose before her in memory. And so the church is finished, a beautiful stone church, with pictures on the walls and coloured glass in the windows. How splendid that must be! Johnny Bouchard built a new barn last year, and it is a little parent, daughter of Abelor Perron of Saint-Jerome, who teaches school. Eight years since I was at Saint-Prime, just to think of it, a fine parish indeed that would have suited me nicely. Good level land, as far as you can see, no rock cropping up and no bush. Everywhere square cornered fields, with handsome straight fences and heavy soil. Only two hours drive to the railway. Perhaps it is wicked of me to say so, but all my married life I have felt sorry that your father's taste was for moving and pushing on and on into the woods, and not for living on a farm in one of the old parishes. Through the little square window she threw a melancholy glance over the scanty cleared fields behind the house, the barn built of ill-joined planks that showed marks of fire, and the land beyond, still covered with stomps and encompassed by the forest, whence any return of hay or grain could only be looked for at the end of long and patient waiting. Oh, look! said Elmer Rose. Here is Jean, come for his share of petting.  He has been lonely without you, like the rest of us, came from Elmer Rose. Every morning he used to look at your bed, to see if you were not back. She called him to her. Come, Jean, come and let me pet you too. Jean went immediately from one to the other, half closing his eyes at each pat. Maria looked about her to see if some change, unlikely though that might be, had taken place while she was away. The great three-decked stove stood in the centre of the house. The sheet-iron stove pipe, after mounting for some feet, turned at a right angle and was carried through the house to the outside so that none of the precious warmth should be lost. In a corner was the large wooden cupboard, close by the table, a bench against the wall, on the other side of the door the sink and the pump. A partition beginning at the opposite wall seemed designed to divide the house in two, but it stopped before reaching the stove and did not begin again beyond it, in such fashion that these divisions of the only room were each enclosed on three sides and looked like a stage setting, that conventional type of scene where the audience are invited to imagine that two distinct apartments exist, although they look into both at once. In one of these compartments the father and mother had their bed. Maria and Alma rose in the other. A steep stairway ascended from a corner to the loft where the boys slept in the summer time. With the coming of winter they moved their bed down and enjoyed the warmth of the stove with the rest of the family. Hanging upon the wall were the illustrated calendars of shopkeepers in Roberval and Shikutimi. A picture of the infant Jesus in his mother's arms, a rosy-faced Jesus with great blue eyes, holding out his chubby hands, a representation of some unidentified saint looking rapturously heavenward, the first page of the Christmas number of a Quebec newspaper filled with stars as big as moons and angels flying with folded wings. Were you a good girl while I was away, Alma Rose? It was the mother who replied. Alma Rose was not too naughty, but Telly's Four has been a perfect torment to me. It is not so much that he does what is wrong, but the things he says. One might suppose that the boy had not all his wits. Telly's Four busied himself with the dog harness and made believe not to hear. Young Telly's Four's depravities supplied his household with its only domestic tragedy. To satisfy her own mind and give him a proper conviction of besetting sin, his mother had fashioned for herself a most involved kind of polytheism, had peopled the world with evil spirits and good, who influenced him alternately to air or to repent. The boy had come to regard himself as a mere battle-ground where devils who were very sly and angels of excellent purpose but little experience waged endless unequal warfare. Gloomily would he mutter before the empty preserved jar. It was the demon of gluttony who tempted me. Returning from some escapade with torn and muddy clothes, he would anticipate reproach with his explanation. The demon of disobedience lured me into that. Beyond doubt it was he, with the same breath asserting indignation at being so misled and protesting the blamelessness of his intentions. But he must not be allowed to come back, a mother. He must not be allowed to come back this bad spirit. I will take father's gun and I will shoot him.   Telly's Four did not dare to gain say this, but he shook his head doubtfully. The gun seemed to him both the sureer and the more amusing way, and he was accustomed to picture to himself a tremendous duel, a lingering slaughter from which he would emerge without spot or blemish, forever set free from the wiles of the evil one. Samuel Schefteland came into the house, and supper was served. The sign of the cross around the table, lips moving in a silent benedicite, which Telly's Four and Alma Rose repeated aloud, again the sign of the cross, the noise of the chairs and bench drawn in, spoons clattering on plates. To Maria it was as though, since her absence, she was giving attention for the first time in her life to these sounds and movements, that they possessed a different significance from movements and sounds elsewhere, and invested with some peculiar quality of sweetness and peace all that happened in that house far off in the woods. Supper was nearly at an end when a footsteps sounded without. Chien picked up his ears, but gave no growl. A visitor announced Mother Schefteland, Eutrope Gagnon has come over to see us. It was an easy guess, as Eutrope Gagnon was their only neighbour. The year before he had taken up land two miles away. With his brother, the brother had gone to the shanties for the winter, and he was left alone in the cabin they had built of charred logs. He appeared on the threshold, lantern in hand. Greetings to each and all was the salutation, as he pulled off his woolen cap. A fine night, and there is a crust on the snow. As the walking was good I thought that I would drop in this evening to find out if you were back. Although he came to see Maria, as all knew, it was to the father of the house that he directed his remarks, partly through shyness, partly out of deference to the manners of the country. He took the chair that was offered him. The weather is mild. If it misses turning wet it will be by very little. One can feel that the spring rains are not far off. It was the orthodox beginning, to one of those talks among country folk, which are like an interminable song, full of repetitions, each speaker agreeing with the words last uttered, and adding more to the same effect. And naturally the theme was the Canadian's never-ending plait. His protest, falling short of actual revolt, against the heavy burden of the long winter. The beasts have been in the stable since the end of October, and the barn is just about empty, said Mother Chatelaine. Unless spring comes soon I don't know what we are going to do. Three weeks at least before they can be turned out to pasture. A horse, three cows, a pig and the sheep, without speaking of the fowls, it takes something to feed them. This from Tsibé with an air of grown-up wisdom. He smoked and talked with the men now by virtue of his fourteen years, his broad shoulders, and his knowledge of husbandry. Eight years ago he had begun to care for the stock, and to replenish the store of wood for the house, with the aid of his little sled. Somewhat later he had learned to call hool-hool, very loudly, behind the thin flanked cows, and hué, tié, haré, when the horses were plowing, to manage a hay-fork and build a rail fence. These two years he had taken turn beside his father, with axe and scythe, driven the big wood sleigh over the hard snow, sewn and reaped on his own responsibility, and thus it was that no one dismuted his right freely to express an opinion, and to smoke incessantly the strong leaf tobacco. His face was still smooth as a child's, with immature features and guileless eyes, and one not knowing him would probably have been surprised to hear him speak with all the deliberation of an older and experienced man, and to see him everlastingly charging his wooden pipe. But in the province of Québec the boys are looked upon as men when they undertake men's work. And as to their precocity in smoking, there is always the excellent excuse that it affords some protection in summer against the attacking swarms of black flies, mosquitos, and sand flies. How nice it would be to live in a country where there is hardly any winter, and where the earth makes provision for man and beast. Up here man himself, by dint of work, must care for his animals and his land. If we did not have aise-dresse in Québec earning good wages in the woods, how could we get along? But the soil is rich in these parts, said your tropes-gagnons. The soil is good, but one must battle for it with the forest, and to live it all you must watch every copper, labour from morning till night, and do everything yourself because there is no one near to lend a hand. Mother Chaplain ended with a sigh, her thoughts were ever fondly revisiting, the older parishes where the land has long been cleared and cultivated, and where the houses are neighbourly, her lost paradise.  Only you wait a few months, when the boys are back from the woods we shall set to work, they too, Tsibé and I, and presently we shall have our land cleared. With four good men, acts in hand, and not afraid of work, things will go quickly, even in the hard timber. Two years from now there will be grain harvested and pastridge that will support a good herd of cattle. I tell you they were going to make land. Make land, rude phrase of the country, summing up, in two words, all the heartbreaking labour that transforms the incult woods, barren of sustenance to smiling fields, ploughed and sown. Samuel Chaplain's eyes, flamed with enthusiasm and determination as he spoke. For this was the passion of his life, the passion of a man whose soul was in the clearing, not the tilling of the earth. Five times since boyhood had he taken up wild land, built a house, a stable and a barn, rested from the unbroken forest a comfortable farm, and five times had he sold out to begin it all again further north. Suddenly losing interest, energy and ambition vanishing, once the first rough work was done, when neighbours appeared and the countryside began to be opened up and inhabited. Some there were who entered into his feelings, others praised the courage but thought little of the wisdom, and such were fond of saying that if good sense had led him to stay in one place, he and his would now be at their ease. At their ease. O dread God of the scriptures, worshipped by these country folk of Quebec, without a quibble or a doubt, who has condemned man to earn his bread in the sweat of his face, canst thou for a moment smooth the awful frown from thy forehead when thou art told that certain of these thy creatures have escaped the doom and live at their ease? At their ease. Truly to know what it means, one must have toiled bitterly from dawn to dark with back and hands and feet, and the children of the soil are those who have best attained the knowledge. It means the burden lifted, the heavy burden of labour and of care. It means leave to rest. The witch, even if it be unused, is a new mercy every moment. To the old it means so much of the pride of life as no one would deny them, the late revelation of unknown delights, an hour of idleness, a distant journey, a dainty or a purchase indulged in, without anxious thought, the hundred and one things desirable that a competence assures. So constituted is the heart of man, that most of those who have paid the ransom and won liberty, ease, have in the winning of it created their own incapacity for enjoying the conquest and toil on till death. It is the others, the ill endowed or the unlucky, who have been unable to overcome fortune and escape their slavery, to whom the state of ease has all those charms of the inaccessible. It may be that the chaplaince, so were thinking, and each in his own fashion, the father was the unconquerable optimism of a man who knows himself strong and believes himself wise, the mother with a gentle resignation, the others, the younger ones, in a less definite way and without bitterness, seeing before them a long life in which they could not miss attaining happiness. Maria stole an occasional glance at Eutrope Gagnon, but she quickly turned away, for she always surprised his humbly worshiping eyes. For a year she had become used to his frequent visits, nor felt this pleasure when every Sunday evening added to the family circle this brown face that was so continually so patient and good-humored. But the short absence of a month had not left things the same, for she had brought home to the fireside an undefined feeling that a page of her life was turned in which he would have no share. The ordinary subjects of conversation exhausted, they played cards. Katra said, and boof, then Eutrope looked at his big silver watch and said that it was time to be going. His lantern lit, the good-byes said, he halted on the threshold for a moment to observe the night. It is raining, he exclaimed. His hosts made toward the door to see for themselves. The rain had in truth begun, a spring rain, with great drops that fell heavily, under which the snow was already softening and melting. The south-east has taken hold, announced the eldershop de l'en. Now we can say the winter is practically over. Everyone had his own way of expressing relief and delight, but it was Maria who stood longest by the door, hearkening to the sweet patter of the rain, watching the indistinct movement of cloud in the dark sky, above the darker mass of the forest, breathing the mild air that came from the south. Spring is not far. Spring is not far. In her heart she felt that never since the earth began was there a spring-time like this spring-time to be. End of Chapter 2 Chapter 3 OF MARIA SHAPDELEN This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LIBRIVOX.ORG Recording by J. C. Guan MARIA SHAPDELEN by Louis Emond translated by W. H. Blake Chapter 3 FRANCOIS PASSES BY One morning three days later, unumpeding the door, Mariah's ear caught the sound that made her stand motionless and listening. The distant and continuous thunder was the voice of wild waters, silenced all winter by the frost. The ice is going out, she announced, to those within. You can hear the falls. This set them all talking once again of the opening season and of the work soon to be commenced. The month of May came in with alternate warm rains and fine sunny days, which gradually conquered the accumulated ice and snow of the long winter. Low stumps and roots were beginning to appear, although the shade of the closed-set cypress and fur relaunched the death struggle of the perishing snowdrifts. The roads became quagmires. Wherever the brown mosses were uncovered, they were full of water as a sponge. In other lands, it was already spring. Vigorously, the sap was running, buds were bursting, and presently, leaves would unfold. But the soil of far northern Canada must be rid of one chill and heavy mantle before closing itself afresh in green. A dozen times in the course of the day, Maria and her mother opened the window to feel the softness of the air, listened to the tinkle of water running from the last drifts on higher slopes, or hearkened to the mighty war, telling that the exulting peribonca was free and hurrying to the lake. A fright of ice flows from the remote north. Chabdelayne seated himself that evening on the doorstep for his smoke. A stirring memory brought the remark, Frank will soon be passing. He said that perhaps he would come to see us.  Ten days later he came, long after nightfall. The women were alone in the house with Thibet and the children. The father having gone for a seed-grain to enfleur whence he would only return on the morrow. Telesphore and Alma Rose were asleep. Thibet was having a last pipe before the family prayer, when she embarked several times and got up to sniff at the closed door. Then two light taps were heard. The visitor waited for the invitation before he entered and stood before them. His excuses, for so late a call, were made without touch of awkwardness. We are camped at the end of the portage above the rapids. The tent had to be pitched and things put in order to make the Belgians comfortable for the night. When I set out, I knew it was hardly the hour for a call, and that the paths through the woods must be pretty bad. But I started all the same, and when I saw your light. His high Indian boots were caked with mud to the knee. He breezed a little deeply between words, like a man who has been running. But his keen eyes were quietly confident. Only Thibet has changed, said he. When you left Mr. Sini, he was but so high. With a hand, he indicated the stature of a child. Mother Shabdeline's face was bright with interest, doubly pleased to receive a visitor and at the chance of talking about old times. Nor have you altered in these seven years, not a bit. As for Maria, surely you find different. He gazed at Maria with something of wonder in his eyes. You see that, that I saw her the other day at Peribonca. Tone and Manor showed that the meeting of a fortnight ago had been allowed to blot the remote her days from his recollection. But since the talk was of her, he ventured an appraising glance. Her young vigor and health, the beautiful heavy hair and sunburned neck of a country girl, the frank honesty of eye and gesture, all these things, thought he, were possessions of the child of seven years ago. And twice or thrice, he shook his head, as though to say that in truth she had not changed. But the consciousness, too, was there that he, if not she, had changed, for the sight of her before him took strange hold upon his heart. Maria's smile was a little timid. But soon she dared to raise her eyes and look at him in turn, assuredly a handsome fellow, calmly of body, revealing so much of supple strength, calmly of face, in well-cut feature, and fearless eye. To herself she said with some surprise that she had not thought him thus, more forward perhaps, talking freely and rather positively. But now he scarcely spoke at all and everything about him. Had an air of perfect simplicity. Doubtless it was his expression that had given her this idea and his bold, straightforward manner. Mother Shabdeline took up her questioning. And so you sold the farm when your father died? Yes, I sold everything. I was never a very good hand at farming, you know, working in the shanties, trapping, making a little money from time to time as a guide, or in trade with the Indians. That is the life for me. But to scratch away at the same fields from one year's end to another, and stay there forever, I would not have been able to stick to that all my life. I would have felt like a cow tethered to a stake. That is so. Some men are made that way. Samuel, for example, and you, and many another. It seemed as if the woods had some magic for you.  Frozen in winter, devoured by flies in summer, living in a tent under snow, or in a log cabin full of chinks that the wind blows through. You like that better than spending your life on a good farm, near shops and houses. Just think of it, a nice bit of level land without a stump or a hollow, a good warm house, all papered inside, fat cattle pasturing, or in the stable, for people well stocked with implements, and who keep their health. Could there be anything better or happier? Paradi looked at the floor without making answer. Perhaps a trifle ashamed of these wrong-headed tastes of his. A fine life for those who are fond of the land, he said at last, but I should never have been content. It was the everlasting conflict between the types, pioneer and farmer, the peasant from France who brought to new lands his ideals of ordered life and contented immobility, and that other in whom the vast wilderness awakened distant atavistic instincts for wandering and adventure. Accustomed for fifteen years to hear her mother venting the idyllic happiness of the farmer in the older settlements, Maria had very naturally come to believe that she was of the same mind. Now she was no longer certain about it. But whoever was right, she well knew that no one of the well-to-do young fellows at Saint-Prime, with his Sunday coat of fine cloth and his fur collar, was the equal of Paradi in Madibute and faded wool in Jersey. Replying to further questions, he spoke of his journeys on the North shore, and to the head waters of the rivers, of its all very naturally, and with a shade of hesitation, scarcely knowing what to tell and what to leave out, for the people he was speaking to lived in much the same kind of country, and their manner of life was little different. Up there the winters are harder yet than here, and still longer. We have only dogs to draw our sleds, fine strong dogs, but bad tempered and often half-wild, and we feed them but once a day, in the evening, on frozen fish. Yes, they're settlements, but almost no farming. The men live by trapping and fishing. No, I never had any difficulty with the Indians. I always got on very well with them. I know nearly all those on the Mistassini and this river, but they used to come to our place before my father died. You see, he often went trapping in winter when he was not in the Shanties, and one season, when he was at the head of the Rivieraux-Foin, quite alone, a tree that he was cutting for firewood slipped in falling, and it was the Indians who found him by chance next day, crushed and half-frozen, though the weather was mild. He was in their game-preserve, and they might very well have pretended not to see him, and have left him to die there. But they put him on their toboggan, brought him to their camp, and looked after him. You knew my father, a rough man who often took a glass, but just in his dealings, and with a good name for doing that sort of thing himself. So when he parted with these Indians, he told them to stop and see him in the spring, when they would be coming down to Pointe Bleu with their furs. François Paradis of Miss Decennie, said he to them, will not forget what you have done. François Paradis. And when they came in spring, while running the river, he looked after them well, and everyone carried away a new axe, a fine woolen blanket, and tobacco for six months. Always after that, they used to pay us a visit in the spring, and father had the pick of their best skins for less than the company's buyers had to pay. When he died, they treated me in the same way, because I was his son, and bore the same name, François Paradis. With more capital, I could have made a good bit of money in this trade, a good bit of money. He seemed a little uncomfortable at having talked so much, and arose to go. We shall be coming down in a few weeks, and I will try to stay a little longer, he said as he departed. It is good to see you again. On the doorstep, his keen eyes sought in Marius for something that he might carry into the depths of the green woods, whether he was bent. But they found no message. In her maidenly simplicity, she feared to show herself too bold, and very resolutely, she kept her glance lowered, like the young girls with richer parents who returned from the convents in Chacoutimi, trained to look on the world with a superhuman demuriness. Scarcely was gone when the two women and T-Bay knelt for the evening prayer. The mother led in a high voice, speaking very rapidly. The others, entering in a low murmur. Five patters, five avis, the at, and then a long, responsive litany. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us now, and at the hour of our death. Immaculate heart of Jesus, have pity on us. The window was open, and through it came the distant roaring of the falls. The first mosquitoes of the spring, attracted by the light, entered likewise, and the slender music of their whip filled the house. T-Bay went and closed the window. Then fell on his knees again beside the others. Great Saint Joseph, pray for us. Saint Isidore, pray for us. The prayers over, mother shoved the lane side out, contentedly. How pleasant it is to have a caller, when we see hardly anyone but youth of Ganyong, from year's end to year's end. But that is what comes of living so far away in the woods. Now when I was a girl at Saint Gideon, the house was full of visitors nearly every Saturday evening, and all Sunday. Adelaire Saint-Ange, who courted me for such a long time, Wilfred Trombley, the merchant, who had nice manners and was always trying to speak as the French do. Many others as well, not counting your father, who came to see us almost every night for three years, while I was making up my mind. Three years. Mary thought to herself that she had only seen François Paradis twice, since she was a child, and she felt ashamed at the beating of her heart. End of Chapter 3. Chapter 4 of Maria Chaptelen. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Maria Chaptelen by Louis Hemond. Translated by W.H. Blake. Chapter 4. Wild Land. After a few chilly days, June suddenly brought veritable spring weather. A blazing sun, warmed field and forest, the lingering patches of snow vanish, even in the deep shade of the woods. The Peribomka rose and rose between its rocky banks until the alders and the roots of the nearest spruces were drowned. In the roads the mud was incredibly deep. The Canadian soil rid itself of the last traces of winter, with the semblance of mad haste as though in dread of another winter already on the way. Esdras and Dabe returned from the shanties where they had worked all the winter. Esdras was the eldest of the family, a tall fellow with a huge frame, his face bronzed, his hair black, the low forehead and prominent chin gave him a neuronian profile, domineering, not without a suggestion of brutality, but he spoke softly, measuring his words, and was endlessly patient. In face alone had he anything of the tyrant, it was as though the long rigors of the climate and the fine sense and good humor of the race had refined his heart to a simplicity and kindliness that his formidable aspect seemed to deny. Dabe, also tall, was less heavily built and more lively and merry. He was like his father. The married couple had given their first children Esdras and Maria fine, high-sounding sonorous names, but they had apparently worried of these solemnities, for the next two children never heard their real names pronounced, always had they been called by the affectionate diminatives of childhood, Dabe and Tzibé. With the last pair, however, there had been a return to the earlier ceremonious manner, Telesphar, Alma Rose. When the boys get back we are going to make land, the father had promised, and with the help of Edwig Ligaré, their hired man, they set about the task. In the province of Quebec there is much uncertainty in the spelling and the use of names. A scattered people in a huge half-wild country, unlettered for the most part and with no one to turn to for counsel but the priests, is apt to pay attention only to the sound of names, caring nothing about their appearance when written, or the sex to which they pertain. Pronunciation has naturally varied in one mouth or another, in this family or that, and when a formal occasion calls for writing, each takes leave to spell his baptismal name in his own way, without a passing thought that there may be economical form. Borrowings from other languages have added to the uncertainties of orthography and gender. Individuals assign in differently Dénis, Dénige, or Dénège, Conrad, or Courade. Men bear such names as Herméne-Gilde, Aglès, Edwig. Edwig Ligaré had worked for the Châtelins these eleven summers. That is to say, for wages of twenty dollars a month, he was in harness each day from four in the morning till nine at night at any and every job that called for doing, bringing to it a sort of frenzied and inexhaustible enthusiasm. For he was one of those men incapable by his nature of working save at the full pitch of strength and energy in a series of berserk rages. Short and broad his eyes were the brightest blue, a thing rare in Quebec, at once piercing and guileless, set in a visage the color of clay that always showed cruel traces of the razor, topped by hair of nearly the same shade. With a pride in his appearance that was hard to justify, he shaved himself two or three times a week, always in the evening, before the bit of looking glass that hung over the pump, and by the feeble light of the little lamp, driving the steel through his stiff beard with groans that showed what it cost him in labor and anguish. Clad in shirt and trousers of brownish homespun, wearing huge dusty boots, he was from head to heel of a piece with the soil, nor was there odd in his face to redeem the impression of rustic uncouthness. Chabdelin, his three sons and men, proceeded then to make land. The forest still pressed hard upon the buildings they had put up a few years earlier. The little square house, the barn of planks that gaped apart, the stable built of blackened logs and chinked with rags and earth. Between the scanty fields of their clearing and the darkly encircling woods, lay a broad stretch which the axe had but half heartedly attacked. A few living trees had been cut for timber, and the dead ones, sawn and split, fed the great stove for a whole winter. But the place was a rough tangle of stumps and interlacing roots, of falling trees too far rotted to burn, of others dead, but still erect amid the alder scrub. Thither the five men made their way one morning and set to work at once without a word for every man's task had been settled beforehand. The father and the bay took their stand face to face on either side of a tree, and their axes, helved with birch, began to swing in rhythm. At first each hewed a deep notch, chopping steadily at the same spot for some seconds. Then the axe rose swiftly and fell obliquely on the trunk a foot higher up. At every stroke a great chip flew, thick as the hand, splitting away with the grain. When the cuts were nearly meeting, one stopped and the other slowed down, leaving his axe in the wood for a moment at every blow. The mere strip, by some miracle, still holding the tree erect, yielded at last. The trunk began to lean, and the two axmen stepped back at pace and watched it fall, shouting at the same instant a warning of the danger. It was then the turn of Edwig Liguerre and Estrasse when the tree was not too heavy, each took an end, clasping their strong hands beneath the trunk, and then raised themselves, back straining, arms cracking under the stress, and carried it to the nearest heap with short, unsteady steps, getting over the fallen timber with stumbling effort. When the burden seemed too heavy, T.B. came forward, leading Charles Lejeune, dragging a tug-bar, with a strong chain. This was passed around the trunk and fastened. The horse bent his back, and with the muscles of his hindquarters standing out, hauled away the tree which scraped along the stumps, and crushed the young alders to the ground. At noon Maria came out to the doorstep, and gave a long call to tell them that dinner was ready. Slowly they straightened up among the stumps, wiping away with the backs of their hands the drops of sweat that ran into their eyes, and made their way to the house. Already the pea soup smoked in the plates. The five men set themselves at table without haste, as if sensation were somewhat dulled by the heavy work, but as they caught their breath a great hunger awoke, and soon they began to eat with keen appetite. The two women waited upon them, filling the empty plates, caring about the great dish of pork and boiled potatoes, pouring out the hot tea. When the meat had vanished, the diners filled their saucers with molasses, in which they soaked large pieces of bread. Hunger was quickly appeased because they had eaten fast and without a word, and then plates were pushed back and chairs tilted with size of satisfaction, while hands were thrust into pockets for their pipes and the pig splatters bulging with tobacco. Edwig Ligaré, seating himself on the doorstep, proclaimed two or three times, I have dined well, I have dined well, with the air of a judge who renders an impartial decision, after which he leaned against the post and let the smoke of his pipe and the gaze of his small white-colored eyes pursue the same purposeless wanderings. The eldershop the lane sank deeper and deeper into his chair and ended by falling asleep. The others smoked and chatted about their work. If there's anything, said the mother, which could reconcile me to living so far away in the woods, it is seeing my men folk make a nice bit of land, a nice bit of land that was all trees and stumps and roots, which one beholds in a fortnight as bare as the back of your hand, ready for the plow. Surely nothing in the world can be more pleasing or better worth doing. The rest gave assent with nods and were silent for a while, admiring the picture. Soon, however, shoved the land awoke, refreshed by his sleep and ready for work, then all arose and went out together. The place where they had worked in the morning was yet full of stumps and overgrown with elders. They set themselves to cutting and uprooting the elders, gathering a sheaf of branches in the hand and severing them with the axe, or sometimes digging the earth away about the roots and tearing up the whole bush together. The elders disposed of, there remained the stumps. Ligaré and Estras attacked the smaller ones with no weapons but their axes and stout wooden prizes. They first cut the roots spreading on the surface, then drove a lever well home and chests against the bar through all their weight upon it. When their efforts could not break the hundred ties binding the trees to the soil, Ligaré continued to bear heavily that he might raise the stump a little, and while he groaned and grunted under the strain, Estras hewed away furiously, level with the ground, severing one by one the remaining roots. A little distance away the other three men handled the stumping machine with the aid of Chal-Irgène. The pyramidal scaffolding was put in place above a large stump and lowered. The chains, which were then attached to the root, passed over a pulley, and the horse at the other end started away quickly, flinging himself against the traces and showering earth with his hooves. A short and desperate charge, a mad leap often arrested after a few feet as by the stroke of fist.  And afterwards there was still the labor of hauling or rolling the big stumps to the pile at fresh effort of back, of soil-stained hands with swollen veins, and stiffened arms that seemed grotesquely striving with the heavy trunk and the huge twisted roots. The sun dipped toward the horizon disappeared. The sky took on softer hues above the forest's dark edge, and the hour of supper brought to the house five men of the color of the soil. While waiting upon them, Mme. Chadeleon asked a hundred questions about the day's work, and when the vision arose before her of this patch of land they had cleared, so pairably bare, lying ready for the plow, her spirit was possessed with something of a mystic's rapture. With hands upon her hips, refusing to see herself at table, she extolled the beauty of the world as it existed for her. Not the beauty wherein human beings have no hand, which the townsmen make such an adieu about. With his unreal ecstasies, mountains, lofty and bare, wild seas, but the quiet unaffected loveliness of the level campaign finding its charm in the regularity of the long furrow and the sweetly flowing stream, the naked campaign courting with willing abandon the fervent braces of the sun. She sang the great deeds of the Four Shabdolins and Edwig Ligarie, their struggle against the savagery of nature, their triumph of the day. She awarded praises and displayed her own proper pride, albeit the five men smoked their wooden or clay pipes in silence, motionless as images after their long task, images of earthy hue, hollowedied with fatigue. The stumps are hard to get out, at length, said the Eldersabdolin. The roots have not rotted in the earth so much as I should have imagined. I calculate that we shall not be through for three weeks. He glanced questionily at Ligarie, who gravely confirmed him. Three weeks? Yes, confounded. That is what I think too. They fell silent again, patient and determined, like men who face a long war. The Canadian Spring had but known a few weeks of life when, by calendar, the summer was already come. It seemed as if the local weather god had incontinently pushed the season forward with August finger to bring it again into accord with more favorite lands to the south. For torrid heat fell suddenly upon them, heat well nigh as unmeasured as was the winter's cold. The tops of the spruces and cypresses, forgotten by the wind, were utterly still and above the frowning outlines stretched as sky bare of cloud, which likewise seemed fixed and motionless. From dawn till nightfall a merciless sun callsoned the ground. The five men worked on unceasingly, while from day to day the clearing extended its borders by a little. Deep wounds in the uncovered soil showed the richness of it. Maria went forth one morning to carry them water. The father and Sibé were cutting alders. Dabé and Estras piled the cut trees. Edwig Ligaré was attacking a stump by himself. A hand against the trunk he had grasped a root with the other as one seizes the leg of some gigantic adversary in a struggle, and he was fighting the combined forces of wood and earth like a man furious at the resistance of an enemy. Suddenly the stump yielded and lay upon the ground. He passed a hand over his forehead and sat down upon a root, running with sweat overcome by the exertion. When Maria came near him, with her pale half full of water, the others having drunk, he was still seated, breathing deeply and saying in a bewildered way, I am done for, ah I am done for, but he pulled himself together and seeing her and roared out, cold water, perdition, give me cold water. Seizing the bucket he drank half of its contents and poured the rest over his head neck still dripping. He threw himself afresh upon the banquish stump and began to roll it toward a pile as one carries off a prize. Maria stayed for a few moments looking at the work of the man and the progress they had made, each day more evident than heed her back to the house swinging the empty bucket, happy to feel herself alive and well under the bright sun dreaming of all the joys that were to be hers nor could be long delayed if only she were earnest and patient enough in her prayers. Even at a distance the voices of the man came to her across the surface of the ground, baked by the heat. Estras, his hands beneath a young jack pine, was saying in his quiet tones, gently, together now. Legere was wrestling with some new inert foe and swearing in his half stifled way, perdition, I'll make you stare so I will. His grasps were nearly as audible as the words. Taking breath for a second he rushed once more into the fray, arms straining, wrenching with his great back, and yet again his voice was raised in oaths and lamentations. I tell you that I'll have you. Oh, you rascal, isn't it hot? I'm pretty nearly finished. His complaints ripen into one mighty cry. Boss, we're going to kill ourselves making land. All Shaptaland's voice was husky, but still cheerful as he answered. Tough, Edwig, tough, the pea soup will soon be ready. And in truth it was not long before Maria, once more on the doorstep shaping her hands to carry the sound, sent forth the ringing call to dinner. Toward evening a breeze arose, and a delicious coolness fell upon the earth like a pardon, but the sky remained cloudless. If the fine weather lasts, said Mother Shaptaland, the blueberries will be ripe for the feast of Saint Anne. End of Chapter 4 Chapter 5 of Maria Shaptaland This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Maria Shaptaland by Louis Emond. Translated by W. H. Blake. Chapter 5 The Vows The fine weather continued, and early in July the blueberries were ripe, where the fire had passed on rocky slopes, wherever the woods were thin and the sun could penetrate. The ground had been clad in almost unbroken pink by the laurels' myriad tufts of bloom. At first the redding blueberries contended with them in glowing color, but under the constant sun these slowly turned to pale blue, to royal blue, to deepest purple, and when July brought the feast of Saint Anne, the bushes laden with fruit were broad patches of violet amid the rosy masses now beginning to fade. The forests of Quebec are rich in wild berries, cranberries, Indian pears, black currants, sarsaparilla spring up freely in the wake of the great fires, but the blueberry, the bilberry, or hortelberry of France, is of all the most abundant and delicious. The gathering of them from July to September is an industry for many families who spend the whole day in the woods. Strings of children down to the tiniest go swinging their tin pails empty in the morning, full and heavy by evening. Others only gather the blueberries for their own use, either to make jam, or the famous pies national took French Canada. Two or three times in the very beginning of July, Maria with Telsphar and Alma Rose went to pick blueberries, but their day had not come, and the gleaning barely sufficed for a few tarts of proportions to excite a smile. On the feast of Saint Anne, said their mother, by way of consolation, we shall all go a gathering, the men as well, and whoever fails to bring back a full pail is not to have any. But Saturday the eve of Saint Anne's day was memorable to the chapeleons, an evening of company such as their house and the forest had never seen. When the men returned from work Eutrope Gagnon was already there. He had sobbed, he said, and while the others were at their meal he sat by the door in the cooler air that entered, balancing his chair on two legs. The pipes going, talk naturally turned toward the labors of the soil and the care of stock. With five men, said Eutrope, you have a good bit of land to show in a short while, but working alone as I do, without a horse to draw the heavy logs, one makes poor headway and has a hard time of it. However, you are always getting on, getting on. Madame Chapeleon, liking him and feeling a great sympathy for his solitary labor in this worthy cause, gave him a few words of encouragement. You don't make very quick progress by yourself, that is true enough, but a man lives on very little when he is alone, and then your brother will be coming back from the drive with two or three hundred dollars at least, in time for the hay-making and the harvest, and if you both stay here next winter, in less than two years you will have a good farm. Ascenting with a nod, his glance found Maria, as though drawn thither by the thought that in two years, fortune-favoring he might hope. How does the drive go, asked Estras, is there any news from that quarter? I had word through Fertinah Larouche, a son of Tadeh Larouche of Grand Fleur, who got back from Latuk last month. He said that things were going well, the men were not having too bad a time. The shanties, the drive, these are the two chief's heads of the great lumbering industry, even of greater importance for the province of Quebec than is farming. From October till April the axes never cease falling, while sturdy horses draw the logs over the snow to the banks of the frozen rivers, and when spring comes the piles melt one after another into the rising waters, and begin their long adventurous journey through the rapids. At every abrupt turn, at every fall, where logs, jam, and pile, must be found the strong and nimble river drivers, practiced at the dangerous work at making their way across the floating timber, breaking the jams, eating with axe and pike pole the free descent of this moving forest. A hard time exclaimed Ligaré with scorn. The young fellas of today don't know the meaning of the words. After three months in the woods they are in a hurry to get home and buy yellow boots, stiff hats, and cigarettes, and to go and see their girls. Even in the shanties, as things are now, they are as well fed as in a hotel, with meat and potatoes all winter long. Now, thirty years ago, he broke off for a moment expressing with a shake of his head those prodigious changes that the years had wrought. Thirty years ago, when the railway from Quebec was built, I was there. That was something like hardship. I can tell you, I was only sixteen years of age, but I chopped with the rest of them to clear the right of way, always twenty-five miles ahead of the steel. And for fourteen months I never clapped eye on a house. We had no tents, summer or winter, only shelters of bows that we made for ourselves. And from morning till night, it was chop chop chop, eaten by the flies, and in the course of the same day, soaked with rain and roasted by the sun.  By Wednesday, no longer any pancakes, because they were all stuck together, nothing there but a mass of dough.  When we got to Shikutimi, where provisions could reach us by water, we were worse off than Indians, pretty nearly naked, all scratched and torn, and I well remember some who began to cry when told they could go home, because they thought they would find all their people dead, so long had the time seemed to them. Hardship! That was hardship, if you like. That is so, said Shabdeline, I can recall those days, not a single house on the north side of the lake, not one but Indians and a few trappers who made their way up here, in summer by canoe, and in winter with dog sleds, much as it is now in the Labrador. The young folk were listening keenly to those tales of former times. And now, said Estras, here we are 15 miles beyond the lake, and when the Robert Val boat is running, we can get to the railway in 12 hours. They meditated upon this for a while without a word, contrasting past and present, the cruel harshness of life as once it was, the easy days' journey now separating them from the marvels of the iron way, and the thought of it filled them with naive wonder. All at once, a chien set up a low growl. The sound was heard of approaching footsteps. Another visitor, Madame Shabdeline, announced in a tone mingling pleasure and astonishment. Maria also arose agitated, smoothing her hair with unconscious hand, but it was Ephraim Suprena of Enfleur who opened the door. We have come to pay you a visit, he shouted this with the air of one who announces a great piece of news. Behind him was someone unknown to them, who bowed and smiled in a very mannerly way. My nephew Lorenzo was Ephraim Suprena's introduction, a son of my brother Elisair, who died last autumn. You never met him, it is a long time since he left this country for the States. They were quick to find a chair for the young man from the States, and the uncle undertook the duty of establishing the nephew's genealogy on both sides of the house, and of setting forth his age, trade, and the particulars of his life, in obedience to the Canadian custom. Yes, a son of my brother Elisair, who married a young bourgeois of Kisky-synch. You should be able to recall that, Madame Shabdeline. From the depths of her memory, Mother Shabdeline unearthed a number of Suprena and as many bourgeois and gave the list with their baptismal names, successive places of residence, and a full record of their alliances. Right, precisely right. Well, this one here is Lorenzo. He has been in the States for many years working in a factory. Frankly interested, everyone took another good look at Lorenzo Suprena. His face was rounded with well-cut features, eyes gentle and unwavering, hands white. With his head a little on one side, he smiled amably, neither superior nor embarrassed under this concentrated gaze. He came here, continued his uncle, to settle affairs after the death of Elisair, and to try to sell the farm. He has no wish to hold on to the land and cultivate it, questioned the elders of the land. Lorenzo Suprena's smile broadened and he shook his head. No, the idea of settling down on the farm does not tempt me, not in the least. I earn good wages where I am, and like the place very well. I am used to the work. He checked himself, but it was plain that after the kind of life he had been living, and what he had seen of the world, existence on a farm between a humble little village and the forest seemed a thing unsupportable. When I was a girl, said mother Shabdelen, pretty nearly everyone went off to the States. Farming did not pay as well as it does now. Prices were low. We were always hearing of the big wages earned over there in the factories, and every year one family after another sold out for next to nothing and left Canada. Some made a lot of money, no doubt of that, especially those families with plenty of daughters, but now it is different and they are not going as once they did. So, you are selling the farm? Yes, there has been some talk with three Frenchmen who came to mistook last month. I expect we shall make a bargain. And are there many Canadians where you are living? Do the people speak French? At the place I went to first in the State of Maine, there were more Canadians than Americans or Irish. Everyone spoke French, but where I live now, in the State of Massachusetts, there are not so many families, however. We call one another in the evenings. Samuel once thought of going West, said Madame Shabdelen, but I was never willing among people speaking nothing but English. I should have been unhappy all the rest of my days. I used to say to him, Samuel, we Canadians are always better off among Canadians. When the French Canadian speaks of himself, it is invariably and simply as a Canadian, whereas for all the other races that followed in his footsteps and people the country across to the Pacific he keeps the name of origin. English, Irish, Polish, Russian, never admitting for a moment that the children of these albite born in the country have an equal title to be called Canadians. Quite naturally and without thought of offending, he appropriates the name one in the heroic days of his forefathers. And is it a large town where you are? Ninety thousand, said Lorenzo, with a little affectation of modesty. Ninety thousand, bigger than Quebec. Yes, and we are only an hour by train from Boston, a really big place that. And he set himself to telling of the great American cities and their magnificence, of the life filled with case and plenty, abounding in refinements beyond imagination, which is the portion of the well-paid artisan. In silence they listened to his words, framed in the open doorway the last crimson of the sky fading to paler tints, rows above the vague masses of the forest, a column resting upon its base. The mosquitoes began to arrive in their legions, and the humming of innumerable wings filled the low clearing with continuous sound. Telesphar directed the father, make us a smudge, take the old tin pail. Telesphar covered the bottom of the leaky vessel with earth filling it then with dry chips and twigs, which he set ablaze. When the flame was leaping up brightly, he returned with an armful of herbs and leaves, and smothered it. The volume of stinging smoke which ascended was carried by the wind into the house and drove out the countless horde. At length they were at peace and, with size of relief, could desist from the warfare. The very last mosquito settled on the face of Little Alma Rose. With great seriousness she pronounced the ritual words, fly, fly, get off my face, my nose is not a public place. Then she made a swift end of the creature with a slap. The smoke drifted obliquely through the doorway within the house no longer stirred by the breeze. It spread in a thin cloud. The walls became indistinct and far off. The group seated between door and stove resolved into a circle of dim faces hanging in a white haze. Greetings to everyone! The tones rang clear, and François Paradis, emerging from the smoke, stood upon the threshold. For weeks Maria had been expecting him. Half an hour earlier the sound of a step without had sent the blood to her cheek, and yet the arrival of him she awaited moved her with joyous surprise. Offer your chair, Dabé, cried Mother Chaptelaine. Four callers from three different quarters converging upon her. Truly nothing more was needed to fill her with delightful excitement, and evening indeed to be remembered. There you are forever saying that we are buried in the woods and see no company triumphed her husband. Count them over, eleven grown-up people. Every chair in the house was filled. Estras, Tbé, and Autropes-Gagnon occupied the bench. Chaptelaine, a box turned upside down. From the step, Telesphar and Alma Rose watched the mounting smoke. And look, said Ephraim Soprenat, how many young fellows and only one girl. The young men were duly counted. Three Chaptelaines, Autropes-Gagnon, Lorenzo Soprenat, François Paradis. As for the one girl, every eye was turned upon Maria, who smiled feebly and looked down, confused. Had you a good trip, François? He went up the river with strangers to buy first from the Indians, explained Chaptelaine, who presented to the others with formality. François Paradis, son of François Paradis from Saint-Michel de Mistassini. Autropes-Gagnon knew him by name. Ephraim Soprenat had met his father. A tall maul, taller still than he, of a strength not to be matched. It only remained to account for Lorenzo Soprenat, who has come home from the States, and all the conventions had been honoured. A good trip, answered François. No, not very good. One of the Belgians took a fever and nearly died. After that it was rather late in the season. Many Indian families had already gone down to Saint- Andes-Coutimie and could not be found, and on top of it all a canoe was wrecked when running a rapid on the way back, and it was hard work fishing the pelts out of the river, without mentioning the fact that one of the bosses was nearly drowned, the same one that had the fever. Nah, we were unlucky all through, but here we are nonetheless, and it is always another job over and done with. It just just signified to the listeners that the task was completed, the wages paid, and the ultimate profits or losses, not his affair. All was another job over and done with. He slowly repeated the words. The Belgians were in a hurry to reach Père Boncau on Sunday tomorrow, but as they had another man, I left them to finish the journey without me, so that I might spend the evening with you. It does once hard good to see a house again. His glance strayed contentedly over the meagre smoke-filled interior, and those who peopled it. In the circle of faces tanned by wind and sun, his was the brownest and most weather-beaten. His garments showed many drents, one side of the torn woolen jersey flapped upon his shoulder, moccasins replaced the long boots he had worn in the spring. He seemed to have brought back something of nature's wildness from the headwaters, of the rivers where the Indians and the great creatures of the woods find sanctuary, and Maria, whose life would not allow her to discern the beauty of that wilderness because it lay too near her, yet felt that some strange charm was at work, and was throwing its influence upon her. Estras had gone for the carts, carts with faded red bags and dog-eared corners, where the lost queen of hearts was replaced by a square of pink cardboard, bearing the plain-written legend Dame de Carre. They played at Quatre Sept. The two surprenaux, uncle and nephew, had Madame Chabdeline and Maria for partners. After each table and game, the beaten couple left the table and gave place to two other players. Night had fallen, some mosquitoes made their way through the open window, and went thither and thither, with their stings and irritating music. Telesphar called out Estras, See to the smudge, the flies are coming in. In a few minutes, smoke pervaded the house again, thick, almost stifling, but greeted with delight. The party ran its quiet course. An hour of carts, some talk with a visitor who bears news from the great world, these are still accounted happiness in the province of Quebec. Between the games, Lorenzo surprenaux entertained Maria, with a description of his life and his journeyings, in turn asking questions about her. He was far from putting on airs, yet she felt disconcerted at finding so little to say, and her replies were halting and timid. The others talked among themselves or watched the play. Madame recalled the many gatherings of Saint Gédéon in the days of her girlhood, and looked down from one to the other with unconcealed pleasure, at the fact that three young men should thus assemble beneath her roof. But Maria sat at the table, devoting herself to the carts, and left it for some vacant seat near the door, with scarcely a glance about her. Lorenzo surprenaux was always by her side and talking. She felt the continual regard of Eutrope Gagnon, with that familiar look of patient waiting. She was conscious of the handsome, bronzed face, and fearless eyes of François Paradis, who sat very silent beyond the door, elbows on his knees. Maria is not at her best this evening, said Madame Chapdélène, by way of excusing her. She is really not used to having visitors, you see. Had she but known. Four hundred miles away at the far ahead waters of the rivers, those Indians who have held aloof from missionaries and traders are squatting round the fire of dry cypress before their lodges, and the world they see about them, as in the earliest days, is filled with dark mysterious powers. The giant Wendigo pursuing the trespassing hunter, strange potions carrying death or healing, which wise old men know how to distill from roots and leaves, incantations in every magic art.  The hour was late, the visitors departed. First the two surprenant, then Eutropes Gagnon, only François Paradis was left, standing there and seeming to hesitate. You will sleep here tonight, François, asked the father. His wife heard no reply. Of course, she said, and tomorrow we will all gather blueberries. It is the feast of Saint Anne. When a few moments later François mounted to the loft with the boys, Maria's heart was filled with happiness. This seemed to bring him a little nearer to draw him within the family circle. The morrow was a day of blue sky, a day when, from the heavens, some of the sparkle and brightness descended to earth. The green of tender grass and young wheat was of ravishing delicacy when the dun woods borrowed something from the azure of the sky. François came down in the morning looking a different man, in clothes borrowed from Dabé and Estras, and after he had shaved and washed, Mme. Chapelein complimented him on his appearance. When breakfast was over and the hour of the mass came, all told their Chaplet together, and then the long delightful idle Sunday lay before them. But the day's program was already settled. Eutropes Gagnon came in just as they were finishing dinner, which was early, and at once they all set forth, provided with pails, dishes, and tin mugs of every shape and size. The blueberries were fully ripe, and the burnt lands, the purple of the clusters and the green of the leaves now overcame the paling rose of the laurels. The children began picking at once with cries of delight, but their elders scattered through the woods in search of the larger patches, where one might sit on one's heels and fill a pail in one hour. The noise of footsteps on dry twigs or rustling in the alder bushes, the calls of Telesphor and Alma Rose to one another, all faded slowly into the distance, and about each gatherer was only the buzzing of flies, drunk with sunshine and the voice of the wind in the young birches and aspens. There's a fine clump over here, a set of voice. Maria's heart beat faster as she arose and went toward Francois Paradis, who was kneeling behind the alders. Side by side they picked industriously for a time, then plunged farther into the woods, stepping over falling trees, looking about them for the deep blue masses of the ripe berries. There very few these years said Francois, it was the spring frost that killed the blossoms. He brought to the berries seeking his woodsman's knowledge. In the hollow and among the alders, the snow was lying longer and kept them from freezing. They sought again and made some happy finds, broad clumps of bushes laden with huge berries, which they heaped into their pales. In the space of an hour these were filled, they rose and went to sit on a fallen tree to rest themselves. Mosquito swarmed and circled in the fervent afternoon heat. Every moment the hand must be raised to scatter them. After a panic-stricken flight, they straight away returned reckless and pitiless, bent only on finding one tiny spot to plant a sting. With their sharp note was blended that of the insatiate black fly filling the woods with unceasing sound. Living trees there were not many, a few young birches, some aspens, alder bushes were stirring in the wind among the rows of lifeless and blackened trunks. François Paradis looked about him as though to take his bearings. The others cannot be far away, he said. No, replied Maria in a low voice, but neither he nor she called to summon them.  The strident flight of heavy grasshoppers rose above the intoxicated clamor of the flies. A wandering air brought the fall's dull thunder through the alders.  Ah, but she was good to look upon. Thus to sit beside her to catch the shy glimpses of the strong bosom, the sweet face so modest and so patient, the utter simplicity of attitude and of her rare gestures, a great hunger for her awoke in him, and with it a new and marvelous tenderness, for he had lived his life with other men and hard give and take among the wild forests and on the snowy plains. While he knew she was one of those women who, giving themselves give holy, reckoning not the cost, love of body and of soul, strength of arm in the daily task, the unmeasured devotion of a spirit that does not waver. So precious the gift appeared to him that he dare not ask it. I am going down to Grand Mer next week, he said, almost in a whisper, to work on the lumber dam. But I will never take a glass, not one, Maria. Hesitating a moment, he stammered out, eyes on the ground. Perhaps they have said something against me? No. It is true that I used to drink a bit when I got back from the shanties and the drive, but that is all over now. You see, when a young fellow has been working in the woods for six months, with every kind of hardship and no amusement, and gets out to le tuc aux jancères, with all the winter's wages in his pocket, pretty often he loses his head. He throws his money about and sometimes takes too much. But that is all over. And it is also true that I used to swear, when one lives all the time with rough men in the woods or on the rivers, one gets the habit. Once I swore a good deal, and the curée, Mr. Trambley, took me to task, because I said before him that I wasn't afraid of the devil. But there is an end of that too, Maria. All the summer I am to be working for two dollars and a half a day, and you may be sure that I shall save money. And in the autumn there will be no trouble finding a job as foreman in a shanty with big wages. Next spring I shall have more than five hundred dollars saved, clear, and I shall come back. Again he hesitated, and the question he was about to put took another form upon his lips. You will be here still next spring? Yes. And after the simple question and simpler answer, they fell silent, and so long remained wordless and grave, for they had exchanged their vows. End of chapter 5


Sorry, I'm just gonna hit pause. It appears that the Daleks have invaded our panel. Oh no. Oh no! Oi! This is, you've had your panel yesterday, Daleks. What do we do? This is genuinely terrible. We've got to put your sonic. If you've got your sonic screwdrivers, feel free to use them. This has been intimidated. This is horrible. This is the most time-fracture thing I've ever seen. Stop! Jesus Christ! Get back! Oi! Oi! This one's giving for charity, I feel bad saying to you. The rest of you, get back you. Scott, get back. Scott, and you, Mr Brot. Take some pictures, please, take pictures. Mr Brot. Mr Brot. Mr Brot. Mr Brot. Mr Brot. Mr Brot. Mr Brot. This is quite scary. Ladies and gentlemen, time-fracture may be closing, but I've brought it to you. After this panel, let's go check out Project Dalek over here. They've got a TARDIS console as well. It's incredible. Everybody, give it your hands together. Give your hands together. Put your hands together for the Daleks, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for having me. Time War Part Two, brought to you by Doctor Who, The Community Show, apparently. Get out of here, Scott. Go on. Get out of it.  Give a little kick. All right. All right. Selfie along. John, quick. The doctor's over there. Go get him. Yes. Okay. I promise to be good. Sorry. Yeah, give back to the 60s, you. Well said. So, without further ado, let's get on with this quiz.