The Equitable Life Assurance Society presents this is your FBI. This is your FBI. The official board shares from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigations. Presented as a public servant by the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States and the Equitable Society representative in your community. Music The Equitable Life Assurance Society is a great mutual institution, organized to serve Americans and Americans. Therefore, one of the Equitable Society's major objectives is to make all possible contributions to the welfare and stability of American business, on which so many of the Equitable Society's nearly four million members depend for their livelihood. Tonight's middle commercial is addressed to the man who owns his own business. For such an honor, this commercial, due in about 14 minutes, will have information of great importance from the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. Tonight's FBI file, The Man Who Died Quite. Music During the recent World War, the United States put into uniform from 11 million citizens and sent them to every corner of the globe to help fight a shooting war. They fought battles in far-off places with strange-sounding names. Faces like Salerno, Anzio, San Jose, Gaston, and Ockham on one side of the world, and Yunan, Corregidor, Szilagi, and Finchhaven on the other side. They fought those battles and they won them, but they won them dearly. Now it is three long years since the shooting has stopped and in the streets of America we are enjoying what the historians will refer to as peace. Yet, let us examine that peace. In these next four years, should the present average hold up, the number of people killed in the United States will be 18% of the number who died during the entire war. Unless some form of prevention is practiced, more than 30,000 people will be killed by American criminals by November 1953. For that reason, your FBI implores you to fight the crime wave with the same zeal, with the same desire to win with which we fought the common enemy during the war, because only by expending that effort can we hope to win, can we hope to defeat the criminals. The file opens on the front porch of a small and pretentious home located in a large western city. It is late afternoon and the middle-aged man fumbles with his keys before unlocking the front door and entry. Oh, yes, Marion. Is there something holding in here? Oh, thank you. Was it true? Yes, Marion, please let me hang up my hat and coat first before you ask any questions. Oh, sorry about that. There's some hangers missing from this closet, Marion. Oh, I used them while you were waiting. I wish you wouldn't do that. You have as many hangers in your closet as I have in mine. You need them right now? Well, that's not the point. Everything should be kept in the proper place. I know. Can I help you unpack, Harvey? Oh, it may not be necessary for me to unpack. What do you mean? We may have to put the new enterprise on the shelf and move along. What happened? Well, this morning as I was walking to my plane at La Guardia Airport, a man saw me. Who was it? He was a man who knows my background. He was a prosecution witness in the trial in New Orleans. You sure he recognized you? He saw me every day for two weeks at the trial. Am I to forget? I can't afford to take the chance. Does the Chinese have a father? A rass man provokes trouble. In this business, caution must govern my every move. Oh, tell me, what have we for dinner tonight? Oh, stew. Are there any steaks in the icebox? Yes. Good. I'll start preparing three of them. Oh. That's right. We're going to have a guest. Get out the good silver. Who's the guest? Oh, I don't know yet. I'm going out now and find one. Meanwhile, at the local FBI field office, special agent Jim Taylor approaches the desk. It's a fellow agent Lou Sheridan. Oh, yes, Jim. I've got a ripply for you. You ever heard of an FBI file being reopened? Why, sure. A prisoner escaped? No.  Oh, what's the point of reopening the file on a dead man? I wondered about that myself when the SAC gave it to me. Well, good luck on it. Oh, no wrong guy. This is your baby, too. Oh, the SAC wants you to work on a witness. Have you read the file yet? Yeah, just finished it. What's the story? A last year, a firm called Ralph Goldwood Incorporated just formed a new organization. Goldwood was allegedly a chemist who had a formula for converting sea water into a water that could be used for irrigation. Have you read about that process? Oh, sure. It can't be done. But not with aspirin pills, which is what Goldwood is using. Oh, I do. Well, creditors started to close in for Goldwood had a file on bankrupt. He then became a federal student. Is that how we got in on the case? Oh, we were in this in a number of ways. With fraudulent bankruptcy, and Goldwood had also used the mail to be fraud by selling stocks to people all over the country. Well, what happened to him? He was found guilty in sentence to a ten-year term.  Then how did the file happen to be marked dead? Well, three months ago, a fire went over a cliff in a smoky mountain. The man who was driving was burned beyond all recognition. According to a paper found in a briefcase, which was found and thrown clear of the record. The driver was Ralph Goldwood. Oh. The file was marked closed, but away. How come it's been reopened? Because a state examiner from Louisiana saw Bellwood at LaGuardia Airport yesterday. Did he see that? Yes. He saw Bellwood in court every day during the trial. He says he's positive. That's who it was. How come this office got the case instead of New York? Well, a plain Goldwood has been heading forward to nonstop express from New York to here. I assume the line has gone out on Bellwood? Yes. How about the newspaper? Are we getting them a story? No, not yet. Lou, why don't you do that? Okay. I'll get down to a police headquarters now and see if any of these come in. I think our guest might like a little more wine. Oh, I'm sorry. Let me have your glass, please. Yes, ma'am. Here you are. How about some more steak? Oh, no. I'm real poor. As the guard, perhaps. That I'll take. Thanks, Mrs. Oh, you're welcome. This has really been a treat. Every bit of it. Who'd have thought this morning that I'd have wound up a day like this? I suppose it was on the expense of making it. That's putting it mildly. Just imagine how you feel if you're walking down the street. And all of a sudden a man came and took you home and gave you all this. Well, you make it sound much more magnanimous than you did, Miss Littlefield. I just happened to be in a position to help my fellow man, and I'm doing it. How would you like a job? Oh, now, look, you don't have to fear that. Miss Littlefield, you can't make very much of your trade of going from door to door sharpening knives, can you? No. Then you should accept my offer. I don't want to get any idea that this is charity. I need a night watchman at my laboratory. Is that true, Mr. Littlefield? Well, I can't tell you how much it would mean to me. But are you sure I'm the man for the job, sir? I know you are. Oh, Marion, I think I'll take a walk down to the laboratory with Mr. Littlefield right now and show him around. Anything new on the Bellwood alarm? Yes, Lou. I just received a tele-chat report from New York. Knoxville is the closest office we had to the place in the Smokies where that accident occurred, which was since the breach of Bellwood's life. Uh-huh. So they requested the Knoxville office to reinvestigate the accident. Try and find out who really died in that crash. That's not an easy assignment. Three months after they found that out. Who owned a car to crash? An automobile rental agency in Knoxville. The car had been rented by Ralph Garwood. The check of signatures proved that it was really Bellwood who signed for the car. I see. But that still didn't get Knoxville any lead on who the dead man was, and there seemed to be no way of finding out. Well, as I remember, you said the body in the car was burned when it crashed. That's right. It was burned so badly that no investigation was possible from that angle. And still they got some kind of a lead? Yes. One of the agents working on the case got the idea of checking on the missing person's list for a two-week period before and after the day of the accident. They investigated every male name on that list. Found that only six of the people were still missing. No further lead was available, however, on any of those six. Uh-huh. So the Knoxville office wired the New York office the names of those six people. Why New York? Well, so that New York could check the flight records of all flames leaving LaGuardia Airport on the day that the state examiner saw Bellwood there. Oh, that's all right. It sure was. One of the flights carried a passenger with the same name as one of the six missing people from Knoxville. Oh, then Bellwood must have murdered that man, put his body into the rented car, and assumed the dead man's name. It certainly appeared that way. Oh, Bellwood is now using the name Harvey Ambridge. Ambridge? That's right. Now let's check until we can find out about Mr. Ambridge. I smell gasoline. Oh, you should. I just painted the laboratory walls with it. Oh. Well, what is that, this? Part of the lobby floor is painted with gasoline, too. Oh, the fuse is gone. That's the laboratory. Here's the big room. Do we have to stay in here very long? No. A few more swabs with his brush. What are you painting the gasoline out here for? I'm just taking the pathway. When I finish, I put a mask to the end of his path, and the fire will follow it right over that door, and into the last. Oh. Ah, there. That looks good. It's the coldest last life, but I like the mask. We can leave now. Marion, are you sure you know what you're supposed to do? Yes.  That's right. But wait for the flames to get a little higher. I'll need you at home. By the time the fire department gets here, all they'll find in the lab is my body. Your body? I should say, a Littlefield's body. Littlefield's body? The old man who was at the house for dinner tonight. Oh, but Harvey, you can't burn a man alive. Oh, Marion. He's been dead for an hour. We will return to tonight's exciting case from the official files of your FBI in just a minute. Now a briefcase from the official files of the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, showing how equitable business insurance helps stabilize our American economic system. Names used are fictitious, but the case is an actual one. Here was the problem that confronted Mr. Joseph Goodwin, owner of a small but successful department store. Mr. Goodwin himself is speaking. Frankly, my wife has no business with me. If I could get run down by an automobile tomorrow, she'd be lost trying to run this store. Besides, I want her to give full time to bring up those kids with us. Well, that means that you'd want her to sell the business. Right, but I don't want her to sacrifice it to the first buyer that comes along. I wanted to take her time and get a good price. Mr. Goodwin, every day, trained representatives of the Equitable Society are helping solve problems that are closely similar to yours. I'd be interested in a plan that would really work. Well, the Equitable Society specialist in business insurance would figure with you how much cash would be needed to meet the expenses and debts your debt will call you. Then he'd have you estimate how much additional money would be required to keep your business running until a right buyer might come along. The whole sum would be covered by a business insurance policy on your life with the Equitable Life Assurance Society, so that your wife will inherit a sure asset instead of a doubtful liability. Mr. Keating, I think I'd better call him an Equitable man right away, because that you'll never regret. The Equitable Society specialist in business insurance is fully qualified to work out a plan that's sound in every detail and tailor-made to fit your business. Call the nearest Equitable office and ask for the manager. Or write a brief note care of this radio station to the Equitable Society. That's E-Q-U-I-T-A-B-L-E. The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. And now back to the FBI file The Man Who Died Twice. It is a tragic fact that of all the people arrested in the United States, and this is true every year, approximately 50% are being arrested for the first time. They have committed some infraction of the law and thought they could get away without paying any penalty. Being arrested and convicted could serve as an ample lesson, but the even more tragic fact is that it doesn't. For approximately half the other half have been arrested before and should have learned that there is no profit side to the ledger when your business is crime.  But as you have seen very amply illustrated in tonight's case from the files of your FBI and as case after case similarly proves the commission of one crime leads to another and then another until ultimately the criminal commits the cardinal crime murder. Tonight's file continues at the local FBI field office. Lou, I don't understand not being able to get any kind of a lead on Ambridge. Neither do I, Jim. The police have checked every hotel and boarding house in town. I've checked the milk companies, the phone company and all other utilities. They don't have an Ambridge listed under their applicants let alone their customers. Oh, excuse me. Specializing services. Yes. Yes, chief. What? Where did you say that word? Okay. Yes. Yes, we'll be right over. Thanks for calling, chief. I was chief Johnson over at the Forest City Fire Department. Forest City? Why did he call here? Forest City in which a scientist named Harvey Ambridge was killed. What? Yes, come on, let's get over there. I just finished talking to chief Johnson. He said Mrs. Ambridge called in to report the fire. Said that her husband was trapped inside this building. What was that? About 1.15 this morning. Fortunately, though, somebody else called in to report the fire before she did. That's how they happened to get here before it did too much damage. I see. Thompson said it was alright. There's not much evidence of fire out here. I guess they caught it pretty early at that. Go ahead, Jim. Thanks. Raymond, Lou. Look. Look here, right inside the door. The same shape mark on the floor. That shows that the flames were ignited from the outside and spread in under the closed door. Jim, I think this place is going to take quite a bit of inspection. I do too. Well, you take that side of the room, huh? I'll take this one. Of course, we ought to check these test tubes for fingerprints. Hey, Jim. Yeah, take a look in this locker. What is it, Lou? I'd say that was quite a blood stain, wouldn't you? Yes, I sure would. But didn't Chief Thompson say the body was found over on the other side of the lab? That's right, Lou. He did. Well, if Ambridge had lost just much blood, he could never have gotten over to the other side. No. Blood stain is discolored. I believe it's been brightened by the explosion. Yeah. That means there's blood stain within this closet before the explosion. Lou, it's pretty obvious. Now, Ambridge has committed another murder. I don't think there's any question about that. We have to find out who the victim was, and I doubt that's going to be easy. Lou, why don't you stick around here and see what else you can pick up? I'll get out of the morgue and take a look at that body. All of those two trees? Yes, Marion. I have seven pairs of shoes, so I need seven pairs of two trees. Okay. Harvey? Yes? Can we go out to dinner tonight? Oh, no. Well, I would like to eat out. Well, you can wait till we get to Boston. In the meantime, we're staying in the house, not even answering the doorbell. Don't you remember? We don't want anyone to see us. I'm sorry, Harvey. I forgot. We have to afford to allow ourselves the luxury of forgetting. Yes, Marion. There's an old and very true Italian proverb, forgetfulness robs the right hand of its cunning. We're in a wonderful position if we just keep our heads above us. I've told you many times, restlessness is a fine quality, but it must constantly be tempered with caution. I remember. And when in doubt, be overcautious. I will be. Have you made up your mind when we're going to leave? Oh, yes, I telephoned the airport this afternoon. We've got reservations for later on tonight. I hope we get away with it. But, Marion, if that man at La Guardia Airport did recognize me and even if the police did find out that I didn't die in that automobile crash in Tennessee, they still have to think I died the night before last is the last. Hello, I think I've got something. I hope so, Jim. Fortunately, they hadn't done any post mortem work on the body before I got down at a morgue. What did you find out?  He'd been killed by being struck on the head with a very blunt-edged weapon. Incidentally, Ambridge wasn't even careful enough to substitute his clothes for the victim. Did the clothes give you any lead on the old man's identity? No, they were old and patched. But they definitely belonged to somebody who was down and out. I sent them to the lab. Did you get anything? Yes, they said the dirt in the cups of the pants contained a large amount of Emory dust. Emory dust? Well, they used that in a lot of jobs, Jim. Yeah, I know they do. But when the lab found that the old man's jacket was worn on top of the right shoulder, they figured that he probably carried something up there. Could they tell what it was? Well, did you ever see an itinerant knife shopper who carried his portable Emory wheel stopped over his shoulder? Well, I'm sure. Well, that has to be it, Jim. That was their hunch, and it's paid off. How? Well, I remember that those itinerant peddlers had to supply a picture themselves to the police department when they get their license. That's right, they do. So I went down to headquarters, went through their files, and found a picture of the old man. His name was Tom Middlefield. Well, I'd say that's a good day's worth. And we did something else, too. When we couldn't find Ambridge's address from anyone, I remembered one report said that he had a car, a Buick. Uh-huh. Well, there wasn't any registration at the Motor Vehicle Bureau in Ambridge's name, so we just started checking Buick service stations throughout the city. Any luck? Yes. One of them had repaired Ambridge's car and gave me his home address. Good. Oh, I've got a search warrant here now. Let's go to his home and see if we can find anything. Hello? Oh, over here, Jim. Oh. I've just searched every room in the house. No trace of Ambridge? No, none. Oh. Hey, what's that you have there? It's portable. Emory wheel. Where'd you find that? In a closet in there. I don't think we need any further proof of the old man Middlefield's address. No. You'll find anything in the garage? Well, Ambridge left his car here. It has out-of-state license plates on it. Oh, that's why we couldn't find Ambridge's name in the Motor Vehicle Bureau. Yeah. Jim, in spite of the fact that Ambridge has disappeared, I don't think there'll be much trouble getting a conviction against him for murder. I just assumed he weren't convicted in absentia, though. I'd like to see him when he hears that judge in post-sentence. Now, it's tough to come this close to catching a criminal like Belwood or Ambridge or whatever he's calling himself now. Who? Who? You're just giving me an idea. Come on, let's get to a fault. Five minutes. Life's 24. What time does our plane leave Harvest? Oh, Marion, I've told you three times now. We leave at 9.30. That's only 10 minutes from now. I know that, dear. I learned to tell time quite a while ago. But they haven't even crawled our plane over the loudspeaker. They will, dear. Why don't you go up to the counter and ask them if anything's the matter? Well, because I don't like to try to run anybody else's business. Right side is six. But here you are. I've lost the patrol in 10 minutes. Have your boat passes ready, please. There you see, dear. Let's get on the plane. Take your time, Marion. Never run, especially when you're running away from something. That's the time you want to look least conspicuous. All right. Remember what we said about caution? Yes. Then use a little of it. There's an old Dutch proverb. Who runs is followed. Mr. Bellwood. Yes? I don't think you two are going to catch that plane for Boston. Who are you, sir? I'm a special agent of the FBI. I have a warrant here and the police want you for murder. Oh, there must be some mistake. My name is Tom Littlefield. Oh, and this is my wife. How do you do this? It won't work, Bellwood. You've changed your name for the last time. Now, come on. I'm waiting for us at headquarters. Well, Bellwood, Alias Harvey Ambridge and his wife Marion were turned over to local police because of the more serious charge of murder. Ambridge was found guilty and sentenced to be executed. His wife was sentenced to life imprisonment. The final clue which led to the solution of tonight's case was the use by Ralph Bellwood of the pseudonym Tom Littlefield, special agent Taylor remembering that he had once before assumed the name of his victims, checked all transportation depots, and found that a mystery in Mrs. Tom Littlefield had a reservation on the plane to Boston. Side by side with special agent Taylor and Sheridan on tonight's case, as it works with every special agent on every case, was the FBI crime laboratory. Started in 1932 by director G. Edgar Hoover with one man and one microscope, that laboratory celebrates its 16th anniversary this coming week. The varied functions of the hard-working technicians who man the laboratory staff include blood examination, firearms identification, cryptanalysis, photography, special photography, and microchemical examination. These men who have enlisted the aid of science in the field of crime detection have provided the solution to a tremendous number of cases. And for that reason we feel it is proper to take the time on this, the eve of their 16th anniversary, to thank the men of the FBI crime laboratory for a job well done. In just a moment we will tell you about next week's exciting case from the files of your FBI. Now one last word about business insurance. The reason why the equitable society emphasizes this type of insurance is very simple. The brains and experience responsible for the success of a business enterprise have a cash value, and should therefore be protected by insurance like any other valuable asset. Equitable society representatives have worked out plans for all types of business, from progressive corner stores and successful law partnerships, to large organizations with thousands on their payrolls. Plan now to enlist the invaluable help that is yours for the asking from a trained business insurance specialist of the equitable life insurance society of the United States. Next week we will dramatize another case from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. A timely and exciting story about our peacetime draft. It's subject broad. It's title The Unwilling draft. The incidents used in tonight's equitable life insurance society's broadcast are adapted from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. However all names used are fictitious and any similarity they'll have to the names of persons living or dead is accidental. Tonight the music was composed and conducted by Frederick Steiner. The author was Jerry D. Lewis. Your narrator was William Woodson and special agent Taylor was played by Larry. This is your FBI is a very divine production. This is Larry Keaton speaking for the equitable life insurance society of the United States and the equitable society is representative in your community and inviting you to tune in again next week at the same time when the equitable life insurance society will bring you another thrilling story from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The Unwilling draft on this is your FBI. This is ABC the American Broadcasting Company.


Hey guys it's Julia and welcome back to my channel and for today's video I have my poetry collection video which has been highly requested by you guys and you all want to see my poetry collection so I'm bringing it to you today. It basically is this whole shelf so that's why it's empty. Before we get into this video I just wanted to mention that this video is sponsored by Books Amino slash Amino in general so thank you so much to them for helping me out with this video. So before we jump into all the collections I just wanted to share with you guys what Books Amino is about. Basically with this app you it is called Amino and you can download it on your phone and you can join different Aminos. You can join a Book Amino which I am going to be talking about more but you can also join a poetry Amino. There's so literally anything LGBT feminism cats. I'm in a catboard okay I'm on one of those cat ones I'm that person. There's also ones for like tarot cards one for emo and for metal. There's like just a bunch of them and in these Aminos they include posts and chat rooms and polls and all that sort of stuff and you can really find people within your community and the Aminos are all really positive. Each one has like their own kind of rules so you obviously can't slur hate speech into some of them because you will get kicked out but it is like a safer space and I know for those people who don't make videos on booktube or don't have any bookish friends in real life that this would just be a great outlet to go to to talk to other bookish people and if you want to join Books Amino I will have the link down below and I'll have my screen name so you can add me on there if you wish to do that but yes thank you so much again to Books Amino for sponsoring this video and let's jump right into all the poetry collections. So here I have is The Sun and Her Flowers by Rupee Cora. This one is divided into the wilting, the falling, the rooting, the rising and the blooming and it's a really beautiful collection. I enjoy this one much more than milk and honey. I don't think I own milk and honey anymore but The Sun and Her Flowers was definitely one that I was really impressed with. I have Bone by Euryssa Daily Ward. I probably pronounced that incorrectly in my bad um so this book deals with a lot of tough subject matter and it's one that has received a quite bit of praise and I was quite led down with this one personally so I don't really have much to say about this one but next up here I have stuff I've been feeling lately by Alicia Cook and this one is written like a cassette tape and it's written like poetry and then the back is the same poem but with blackout poetry which is really cool and adds a really cool touch to this. I did find this one pretty solid so I was happy with that one. Next I have Born to Love Christopher by Samantha King and yeah it was good as well not my favorite but it was good. I have my Longleaf collection so I have Love and Misadventures, I have The Universe of Us, Lullabies which is one of my favorites of hers Freeze and I also have her newest one but it's buried in the stack so you'll see it later but Lullabies and the newest one have been my favorites from her. I have a Brilliant Madness and Black Butterfly and these are really cool, they're full of lots of pictures as well and yeah as you can see these all have tabs in them. I do quite enjoy reading my poetry so what's that? Then I also have Teaching My Mother How to Give Birth by Wurzen Shire. This one is super hard to explain, very short probably the shortest little thing out there. Supposed to be really good, I just thought it was okay in my opinion but yeah I wrote this for you collections by INS Thompson so I have wrote this for you just words, I wrote this for you just words, I wrote this for you and I wrote this for you and only you and these are gorgeous collections and they're such great starters and they have photos in them as well and they're just so beautiful and I think anyone can relate to all the topics in this and you can even look at the table of contents and then read a certain poem when you're feeling in a particular mood and it's just really amazing and these really got me started. To my R.H. Sin collection, I think all of his, I think there's one more small version that I'd have to buy on Amazon I think but I have Rest in the Morning again. I love R.H. Sin so much, his work is some of my favorites a hundred percent. Next I have his newest one which is Planting in Gardens and Graves volume one. I have Whiskey Words in a Shovel volume one, Whiskey Words in a Shovel volume two, and Whiskey Words in a Shovel volume three. So these are all fantastic by the way. I also have a beautiful composition of Broken which is probably my favorite from him and as well as his second newest release which is Elegedonic. Next up here I have You're Doing Just Fine by Charlotte Erickson. This is Poetry and Pro's. I was actually sent this quite a while ago by the author and I loved this so much. It was so amazing and I made a whole video about like highlighting and annotating it and I really enjoyed this one. This one is Chasers of the Light poems from the typewriter series by Tyler Nott Gregson. I haven't read this one yet but it's pretty. It's pretty. It is Amanda Lovelace with The Princess Sages of In This One and The Witch Doesn't Burn in This One which oh my god. These are so good. They're so feminist and powerful and meaningful and they're also great starters for poetry and they're just so empowering and so worth the read. Just read them. Next up here is another one I haven't read but that is It Shouldn't Have Been Beautiful by Leah Purpura. Saw this one at Book Outlet. I was like sure. Next I have Helium by Rudy Francisco which again I just heard about this one and I'm like you know what? Sure. So I need to read that one still. Next I have Love for Wild by Atticus which was floating around for a while. I personally really really love this collection.  Next I have Entwined by Cara Beatrice. This one I received for a review a while back as well. I wasn't the biggest fan of it. Going into the one by Lang Leib that I mentioned before that is See You Strangers, her most recent collection from the time I'm filming this and this one was really amazing. It was one of my favorites from her along with Lullabies. Next I have Flux by Oren Carlotto which this one I was quite disappointed in. Not a fan but it was okay. Next up here I have Wild Embers by Nikita Gill and this one is also very much like Amanda Lovelace. It's very feminist and empowering and I really enjoyed this one when I read that. And next I just have two collections by Sylvia Plath. So this is actually my classic poetry but Sylvia Plath amazing. One of my favorite poems is by her which is Lady Lazarus. Love it so much and this is not including my all my Po additions. Po is another one of my favorite poets but he has his own video so check that out linked down below. So there you guys have it. That's all of Poetry Collections I own. Let me know what your favorite is and I know I'm going to get a million questions of where to start with poetry. Start with I wrote this for you or like the sun and her flowers because a lot of people start there or if you're more in a classic poetry Sylvia Plath Po great ones. Anyways thank you guys so so much for watching and also a big thank you to Books Amino for sponsoring this video. Make sure you guys check that out and help the links in the description box and yeah I'll see you super soon. Bye!


To start, the first speaker this afternoon is Yi Sun, and he will talk about algebraic structures for multi-level eigenvalue densities. All right, thanks. First I'd like to thank the organizers for the invitation to speak here. So as you have mentioned, the title of my talk is algebraic structures for multi-level eigenvalue densities. And so I'll be talking about some algebra which underlies the multi-level structure of eigenvalue densities. Okay, so that was the reasoning of my title. So let's talk about specifically what type of densities I want to consider. So first, the first random matrix ensemble I want to talk about is the generalized beta-wishtred ensemble. So to construct this, first I'll fix some n, and I'll take two sets of parameters, pi and pi hat. And then I'll create a large rectangular random matrix whose entries are Gaussian with covariance, which depends on these parameters. So as you can see, the ij entry has covariance, which depends on pi j and pi i hat. And I want it to be Gaussian, but either real if beta equals one, or complex if beta equals two. And let me take x sub m to be the first m rows of this matrix. And so the eigenvalues I want to consider is the joint distribution of the squared singular values of x sub m. So I'll call that lambda m. Now if I consider just a single level, then this corresponds to a spike covariance model with spikes theta one through theta k, if I specialize the parameters so that all the pi hats are just zero, and all the pies are the inverses of theta and then ones. So this is a model that shows up in statistics. And alternatively, if I specialize all the pies to zero and all the pi hats to one, then I just get the standard wish-run solve. And so that means that the single level density is this standard wish-run density. Now a second type of model that I'll be considering is the beta Jacobi model. So to construct that, I'll take two matrices, which are large and rectangular, and where each entry is gonna be an IID Gaussian. Again, it's gonna be real if beta equals one, and complex if beta equals two. And again, I'll take various slices of these matrices. So I'll pick a number a, which is greater than n, and I'll take the first a rows of x, and I'll pick a number m, which will vary from one to n. I'll take the first m rows of y.  And this matrix you can see from the constraints on the sizes that it almost surely has m eigenvalues between zero and one. And what I wanna study is the multilevel structure of the joint distribution of these eigenvalues as m varies between one and n. So this type of construction appears in statistics in the study of Minova models. And it's single level density is again one of the three classical random matrix ensembles. So I have the Van der Montt, and then I have a weight corresponding to the Jacobi orthogonal polynomials, for example. Okay, so I said I wanna consider the multilevel structure. So what does that mean? It means I wanna understand how the eigenvalues vary as I change the level. So that's gonna correspond to this parameter m that I specified. And the basic fact is that the eigenvalues at adjacent levels interlace. So what that means is that they satisfy this system of inequalities. But, or you can see that the eigenvalues of level three, well they lie between the eigenvalues of level four, and also they lie between the eigenvalues at level two. So that's what I mean by interlacing. Now, what's more, if I just consider the beta-wishered ensemble with parameters, the standard parameters, pi equals zero and pi equals one, then in fact I can consider this picture as some Markov process when I go up in level or down in level. In fact, the transition densities of this process are known explicitly. So another way to say it is that the multi-level density has a beta Gibbs property. So when beta equals two, this means that if I fix the distribution at the top level, then conditioned on that, the distribution of the lower levels is simply uniform, subject to the constraints imposed by interlacing. So that means it's uniform on some polytope, which is called the Galfan-Selton polytope. Now at beta equals one, there's similar description, except now the measure is not uniform. It's some beta deformation of the uniform measure. Okay, so this is some structural properties of a multi-level matrix ensemble. And for the first time of the talk, I'm gonna talk about how to relate to these properties in the more general settings that I introduced earlier to certain branching properties of algebraic functions. And so these will be functions which are defined at general beta and they provide some algebraic interpolation of this structure to all betas. And these functions will come from the study of McDonald polynomials and they're called multivariate Bessel and Hekban-Optim functions. And in the second half of the talk, I'll introduce some dynamical model whose fixed time distributions will actually produce this multi-level structure in the beta equals two case. Okay, so let's do goal one. And so for this, I need to introduce these special functions, the multivariate Bessel and Hekban-Optim functions, which come roughly speaking from representation there. Okay, so what's a multivariate Bessel function? And the most straightforward definition, I think, is it's simply a certain integral. So here's an integral formula for the function. And all the formulas, a more convenient parameterization is to use theta equals beta over two. But theta and beta are just related by this constant factor. The multivariate Bessel function is function of two arguments, lambda and s, which will be strings of length n. So there'll be vectors of length n. And one way to define it is as a certain explicit integral. So the domain of integration here is the Galfan-Sellen polytope. That means I have a chain of lambda one through lambda n, where lambda i is a vector of length i, and every pair of adjacent landers should interlace. So this is an explicit finite polytope. And the integrand has an exponential weight here, and then some sort of term which involves adjacent levels. So of course, this is not the original definition of these functions. They originally came from the study of certain integrable systems in representation theory. So you can define them using the, as eigenfunctions of the rational Collodro-Moser system. And so they're studied by many authors. One thing I want to point out is O'Connor-Vinalschansky actually showed that they were a certain scaling limit of the Jack polynomials, if you know what those are. Now the form that I've shown here, this integral was first studied by Gerr and Kohler. And in what follows, I'll need to use some reweighting of the Bessel function, which I'll call the conjugate Bessel function. Okay, so the property is that I care about for these multivariate Bessel functions is first they have a branching structure. So what that means is that if I want to consider this function as a function of the S variables, which is indexed by the lambda variables, then in fact I can view it as a function of just the first, of the last S, S-N, and ask somehow can I represent it as an integral over a function of the other S's. And in fact it shows that I should just integrate over a smaller multivariate Bessel function with this exponential weight and then this branching factor. And the key point is that this branching factor depends only on this lambda or this mu which interlaces with lambda. So if you've seen branching of Schur functions or Jack functions, this is actually just a scaling limit of the Jack branching. The second point is that actually these multivariate Bessel functions can be related to certain orbital integrals. And this is where the relation to random matrix theory will come in. So at beta equals two, it's well known that actually it's simply the multivariate Bessel function and the HCIZ integral are the same thing. And the outcome has a terminal form and this allows you to relate this beta equals two multivariate Bessel function to some reparameterization of a Schur function. Now at beta equals one, it's not true that the multivariate Bessel function has some explicit form like this. However, it's possible to represent it as an orbital integral over the orthogonal group. And that takes a form that's essentially identical to the HCIZ integral. And so these follow from some results I've been reading. Oh yeah, sorry. So in these two integrals, lambda and S are priori are vectors of like N. So here when I take the trace, I take lambda and S to be the diagonal matrices whose entries are those vectors. I presume you can create something similar, but I haven't looked into it. Okay, so the first result on these eigenvalues is actually that the generalized beta-wission ensemble with certain parameters is exactly a measure which can be expressed in terms of the branching structure of the multivariate Bessel functions. So I'll call that a multivariate Bessel measure in analogy with a Schur measure. So what that means is that a single level density is simply the product of two multivariate Bessel functions in addition to some weights. That's the first thing. The second is that actually the level to level branching of this measure is given simply by the branching of the multivariate Bessel function. So if I want the joint density of the multivariate ensemble, then what I should do is open up the integral formula for this first multivariate Bessel function and what I get is what I get. And so for beta equals two, this is simply a result about Schur measures and this was conjectured by Borden and Pache a while ago and proven by these authors. So I don't want to dwell too long on the proof, but essentially what it does is compare to this standard setting and then use the fact that multivariate Bessel functions are related to these orbital integrals. So in some sense what this theorem is saying is that the branching structure or the restriction structure of multilevel eigenvalues coincides with the branching structure of these multivariate Bessel functions and you might expect that because of the relation to orbital integrals. Okay, now I want to talk about the Jacobi setting and for that I need to introduce what's called the Heckman-Oftum hypergeometric functions and you should think of these somehow as the trigonometric analog of the multivariate Bessel functions. So again, they have, I've given a very explicit definition just to be concise, so it's somehow you take the expression for the multivariate Bessel function and change every term to its trigonometric analog. So I replace the Van der Mond by the trigonometric Van der Mond and here I do the same thing. And again, there's this exponential weight in an integral over the Galvan-Sellen polytope. And now these functions were also studied in representation theory and they come roughly from the trigonometric Clojure-Amoser system. And this specific integral formula was discovered by Bordian and Gorin in their study of limits of the McDonald branching rule. And you can also prove this via quantum groups. Okay, so these Heckman-Oftum functions have pretty similar structure to multivariate Bessel functions. So I want to emphasize three things. First, there is a similar branching structure. So this formula expresses a larger Heckman-Oftum function as an integral over smaller ones with a specific exponential factor and then a branching factor which only depends on the indices. Now something which is a little different is that there's a principal specialization. What that means is if I take the argument S to be a specific arithmetic progression whose difference depends on theta, then these functions sort of collapse and have a very special form. And finally, this is formalized as what I said earlier, there's just some limit between the Heckman-Oftum functions and the multivariate Bessel functions. Okay, so the result in this setting is actually that the branching structure of the Bayesian-Coby ensemble corresponds to the branching structure of a principally specialized Heckman-Oftum measure. So what that means is I pick the special parameters here, then actually the single level density of the multilevel Bayesian-Coby ensemble is just given by a product of Heckman-Oftum functions with certain weight. And again, the multilevel structure is just given by the branching. I open up the integral on the first Heckman-Oftum function. Okay, so in this case, because I don't have parameters in my Bayesian-Coby ensemble, actually I'm forced to choose, the correct choice is these principle specializations for the Heckman-Oftum functions. And so this was a conjectured by Bordy and Gorin and they allows to link some of their work on these Heckman-Oftum measures to an interpretation for random matrix ensembles. So what they did is they studied the asymptotics of these measures using techniques from McDonald processes and they showed certain Gaussian-free field fluctuations. So this actually is able to translate that work to the random matrix results. Okay, and I wanna talk very briefly about the proof of the statement. So for multilverite Bessel functions, one might expect that they're related to random matrices because of this relation to orbital integrals. Well, for Heckman-Oftum functions, it's a bit less clear. And so, and I actually, I find this proof a bit mysterious. So the way it goes is that first, remember you're considering the eigenvalues of this matrix. So what I do is I first condition on the eigenvalues of x. Because somehow the branching is independent of that. So if I make this conditioning, then it turns out the resulting eigenvalue distribution is somehow algebraically related to a multi-level beta-wisher distribution with certain parameters depending on the eigenvalues of x. So I should pick pi equals lambda, the eigenvalues of x and pi hat equals zero. Now we earlier showed that actually the level-to-level transitions of that process are Markov with some explicit transitions. That involves somehow multivariate Bessel functions. And so now the level-to-level transitions of the eigenvalues of this matrix, well, if I condition on the eigenvalues of x star x, they're Markov with some transitions. So the resulting process is some mixture of Markov processes. And if you compute, you can actually show that they remain Markov and they have the required transitions. I don't really have a very good conceptual explanation for why that's the case. But somehow you can translate the relation between multivariate Bessels and random matrices to this relation between principally specialized Heckman-Optoms and random matrices. And I wanna say it might be natural to try to add some parameters to the Heckman-Optoms. Of course, the Heckman-Optom functions admitted parameters as well. But I think I tried for a bit and I don't think that actually corresponds to any random matrix ensemble I can create. Okay, so somehow this part of the talk gave some relation between these two families of special functions and certain families of random matrices. Okay, so in the random talk, I want to talk about a dynamical way of realizing these models. And this will apply in the case that beta equals two only. So only in the complex case. Okay, and so what I'll do is I'll create a particle system which has local interactions such that the fixed time marginals are gonna correspond to these multi-level eigenvalue processes that I've defined. And to do that, I wanna talk about the dynamics, a dynamical model for these eigenvalues at a single level. So this will be a generalization of Dyson Brownian motion. So just to fix notations, if I take a Brownian motion in the space of n by n Hermitian matrices, then Dyson Brownian motion is just the resulting process on the eigenvalues of that system. And it solves the following SDE where I have a Brownian driving term and then some strong repulsion given by this term. And I wanna say that you can view this as a dub H transform of a system of n independent Brownian motions. Okay, so in the beginner case, another thing like an analog of the Wishart and Jacobi ensembles is what's called the Jui corner's ensemble. So that corresponds to the joint law of the eigenvalues of K by K principle sub matrices. So previously we had the squared singular values of successive slices of a rectangular matrix. Here the correct analog is eigenvalues of principle sub matrices. And again, these have domain in like certain Gelfand-Sellen polytope which enforces some interlacing condition. And secondly, they have a Gibbs measure. That means if I fix this top row, then the distribution of the ones below is uniform subject to these Gibbs constraints. Okay, so in the mid 2000s, John Warren constructed a process such that the single level dynamics will be Dyson Brownian motion and the fixed time marginals will be the Jui corner's process. So here's how you construct that process. First, you take this stochastic differential equation with reflection. So I have a triangular array of particles. The particle at level K and index I will have a Brownian motion driving term and then I'll have two local time terms which enforce reflection off the particles below it. So if I look at this particle on level five, then it will evolve freely with a Brownian motion except that it reflects off the two Brownian motions below. Okay, so Warren is able to actually prove first that this system of stochastic differential equations emits a solution. And so there's a unique weak solution when you have a Gibbs initial condition. And in particular, you can start it from zero with this explicit entrance law. In this case, he is able to do this by just transforming a deterministic array of Brownian motions through a deterministic score hot mapping. And as I said earlier, he's able to show that if I project to a single level, then the process actually evolves Markovian in a Markov way and it coincides with Dyson Brownian motion. This might be a bit surprising. You have a triangular array of particles that are all interacting, but somehow you can cover up the bottom layer and still get something Markovian. And he also showed that this process preserves Gibbs measures and in particular means that the fixed time distribution of the eigenvalues is just the G.E. corner's process. Now you might be tempted to think that this means that this process just corresponds to taking a Brownian motion in the space of complex Hermitian matrices at each time looking at its distribution of principal eigenvalues, because that's also something which might have, which would have these two properties. But in fact, it does not coincide and it was shown by Adler, Nordenstem and Van Marbeke that if you look at that process and you look at the, if you project to two adjacent levels that still evolves in a Markovian way. But in fact, if you project to three adjacent levels, it does not evolve in a Markovian way. And in particular, when you take all levels, it's not Markovian. So somehow this process is a little different. Okay, so since Warren's work, there's been a number of, there's been a lot of work in this area and there have been a lot of generalizations. So in the Brownian setting, there's work several authors. It's been generalized to general beta by Gorin and Shkolnikov. And of course there's a lot of work on discrete models which exhibit this type of behavior. Now there's essentially two types of proof for this type of statement. One, which is what Warren did, is that you can explicitly compute the semi-groups and show there's some intertwining property. And the second more recent approach due to Gorin and Shkolnikov, or sorry, Paul and Shkolnikov, is to take a sort of more differential approach and essentially work with the Markov generators and not look at the explicit formulas for semi-groups. And so for the rest of the talk, I'll talk about how to generalize these results to processes which come from the Laguerre and Jacobi random matrix ensembles. In this case, I'll take the Paul and Shkolnikov approach, but both steps are gonna become more complicated. It's gonna be more difficult to show existence and also their approach will require some generalization. Okay, so now let me talk about what the processes are. So first, I need a replacement of Dyson Brownian motion for the Wishart setting. And so here's how to construct it. Let me take a fixed matrix N by P of complex Brownian motions. And I wanna look at the process of its squared singular values. So these are gonna be in this order. And it was shown by Koenig and O'Connell that this process evolves in a Markovian way and it solves the following stochastic differential equation. So here I have a squared Bessel term, so two root L plus this driving term. And then again, I have a strong repulsion term where I now have a linear numerator. And so it shouldn't be so surprising that squared Bessel processes occur because if I set P equals one, then X sub N just literally is a squared Bessel process. So one might expect that you should have squared Bessel process existing here. And similar to Dyson Brownian motion, this is simply a process of N independent squared Bessel processes, which are conditioned to never intersect via the dubache transform. Okay, in the static setting, what I wanna get is, so here this is essentially a beta Wishart process, except that beta equals two. So again, I have this interlacing property and the eigenvalues have a Gibbs measure. So in this case, because I'm in the beta equals two setting, the conditional distribution of the lower levels is uniform once I fix the top level. And so that's gonna be important property in what follows. Okay, so the replacement, the generalization of Warren's process to this setting has the following form. So I take an SDE with reflection, or I take the same squared Bessel driving terms as in the Laguerre eigenvalues process. I take the same driving term as in the single level process, and I'm gonna replace the strong repulsion term with two local time terms, which enforce reflection off the particles at a lower level. So here again, the domain will be in a Gelfand cell. Okay, so pictorially, what this process is, is I start in blue a squared Bessel process, which evolves freely at level one. And then in black, I take two squared Bessel processes with a different dimension. So here, the dimension of the squared Bessel process is gonna depend on the level that again, it evolved freely, except that they reflect off the level one particle. Now, at level three, I'll take three squared Bessel processes, again, with a shifting dimension that interlaced with and reflect off of the level two particles. And I'll keep going. Okay, so that's essentially what this stochastic differential equation with reflection is. Okay, so the result is that actually, if I start in any Gibbs initial condition, then I can get a unique strong solution to this stochastic differential equation. And its projection to any fixed level coincides in law with the Lagrange eigenvalues process. And that's the first point. Second point is that if I start with a Gibbs distribution and I run this evolution, then what I get is a Gibbs distribution. And finally, I can start it from zero with this explicit entrance law. And so what that shows actually is that the finite time distribution started with this entrance law is simply the Lagrange process. Okay, so I wanna point out one interesting point about this, which is if you project to the left most or right most particle on each level, then actually those evolve in a Markovian way, just alone. And if on the left edge, what you see is simply a sequence of squared Bessel processes, each of which sort of bumps into the squared Bessel process at a lower level. And so somehow this is the particle system with local interactions. Each particle only interacts with the particle below it. But the smallest eigenvalue should reproduce the smallest eigenvalue of a P by P Wissert matrix. And this is somehow a very strongly coupled system from a system which has only local interactions. Okay, so for the Jacobi setting, I want to talk about a different dynamical construction for the Jacobi ensemble. So for this, the right thing to consider turns out to be the following guy. Let me take a Brownian motion on the space of N by N unitary matrices. So a large Brownian motion on unitary matrices and I'll cut out a rectangular corner, the top N by P corner and consider its squared singular values. So they're gonna be somehow between zero and one. And it was shown by Demerick that these evolve in the following way. I have a process which has this term. The first three terms correspond to a univariate Jacobi process. So this is a certain one-dimensional stochastic process that's related to the classical Jacobi polynomials. And then I have a strong repulsion term which is similar to what we saw before but with a quadratic term in the numerator. Now the upshot is that the invariant measure of this diffusion is proportional to the standard Jacobi ensemble from random matrices. So this is another construction of the Jacobi ensemble. Now here's the analog of the warm process in this setting. I'll take at each level, again I'll take a triangular array of particles. At each level I'll have the same Jacobi generator and then I'll have two local time terms which will replace the strong repulsion. If I run the same story what I get is that if I start from a Gibbs initial condition which means the same thing as I did before, then when I project to any level I'll recover the single level Jacobi eigenvalues process with these strong repulsion terms. If I start with a Gibbs distribution I will preserve that property. And finally I can start with an invariant measure which is given by a Gibbs extension of the Jacobi random matrix density. And so this shows that the fixed time distribution of this process still recovers this Jacobi corners process. Okay so for the rest of the talk I wanna talk about how to prove such statements. And essentially there are two difficulties. First in this setting you have to somehow show that the stochastic differential equation with reflection has a solution. And second you need to prove some properties of that solution. So let me first talk about first thing. So first why is this even challenging? Well if I look at the stochastic differential equation with reflection for the Laguerre-Warn process there's a couple features. First this diffusion term is singular meaning it's not Lipschitz. Second the domain is the Gell-Honselen cone. So that's some polyhedral cone and in particular it doesn't have a smooth boundary. For certain reasons if you study stochastic differential equations with reflection this is not so good. And the last point is that the reflection off the boundary is oblique. So let me draw a picture to illustrate what that means. So let's imagine that there are sort of two particles with X and Y coordinates. And I wanna say that this particle X is particle Y. I wanna say particle Y moves freely and particle X might run into particle Y and reflect off. Well let's draw this in the XY plane. Particle X is going to, so X is gonna be less than Y. It's going to somehow go from here, collide with Y and then when it collides we'll reflect back. So as you can see that's not a standard reflection. It's not normal to the domain. And so that's called oblique reflection. Okay so somehow each of these things makes solving this type of SD a bit more difficult. However in this setting we're able to sort of get around these difficulties by using the recursive structure of the definition. So we're gonna reduce to the 1D setting in which case there's some pretty powerful results. So what we'll do is we'll sort of go level by level and it will construct the particles at level K. And if you look at the structure of this process actually a particle level K only depends on the particles below it and around it. So that corresponds to the setting of one-dimensional stochastic differential equation with reflection with time dependent boundaries. So in general I'll have some process DX with some diffusion and drift terms and then some pushing terms which enforce that it always stays between lower and upper boundary. And in this case we have some pretty strong theorems which parallel the usual existence and uniqueness theorems for SDs. So as long as I have some lip-shits or some boundless conditions, lip-shits on the drift and then this Yamada-Wattanawe condition on the diffusion then I have actually strong existence and uniqueness. And so this is exactly the condition which holds for this type of square best-solve diffusion. So in fact we're able to construct the process in a level by level fashion in a way which doesn't require the Gibbs initial condition at all. So if we just keep using the 1D criterion what we need to do is show that we can't have triple collisions in this system. We can't have that two particles at the lower level sort of pinch around a particle at a higher level. And so this is insured by some techniques of Andreas Sarantsev who's studied triple collisions for reflecting Brownian motions in great detail. And so we're actually able to show that for any initial conditions there is a strong solution to these SDs with reflection and in particular for Gibbs initial conditions.


My name is Sachin Goyal, I have given the exam of data mining, doing this because of upgradation of my career and I like the NPTEL courses very much, it's a nice initiative and hopefully it is good for all. I am in the education profession, so that I have to upgrade myself in every manner, in every class, in every year, I have to do the NPTEL courses for different subjects. It's nice, quite nice. I have given cloud computing today, it was fantastic. It was nice, videos were a little bored but it worked. Some part, because it's a lengthy lecture of two hours and it was boring, so that's why I thought. Yes, I have done all the assignments. Interact with faculty? No, I haven't. Sir, my name is Alok Kumar Mishra, I am from Krishna Engineering College and I am given the NPTEL MOOC course. I am very happy and very delightful to give such examination and I appreciate IIT colleges to make such exam available for us engineering students, which are not in IITs college but desire to aspire in IIT college. I have attempted all eight assignments and now I have revised all assignments and I have given exam. Any suggestions you want to give us? Suggestions? No, I know IITs are doing their most effort but then also what I can give is the suggestion that they should bring on that social civil services courses, that social subjects that should also be involved. I want to involve this. Thank you sir. And I have cloud computing. Okay, how was the exam today? Nice. Did you find time to study apart from your regular college style? Very little. Why? What's the problem? Because there is a regular degree, there are courses, extra curricular and exams are also coming. This is not online now, madam. You can read it anytime. Yes. You can read it anytime. Yes. It's online. Yes. Okay. So, were you able to interact with faculty and assignments? Yes, yes, yes. Anything you want to give us suggestions so that we can improve? Like, the location was very far from my house. Okay. Thank you sir. Thank you. You are writing any exam in the afternoon? No. All the best. Thank you. Enhancing soft skills and personality development. My college forced me to do so. It's a nice platform. You can easily interact with the courses and lectures and assignments. And there are many courses. Nothing bad. I fight. Dmitri Mittal and today was our paper NPTEL. It was amazing, good experience. This is my first time and it was nice. It was good. Well, I gained many things about it. About the course, enhance soft training skills. NPTEL, because obviously college and it is something great. We learned it. Online videos are very good. Yes, sometimes we watch NPTEL videos at night. Are you trying to write one more exam? Obviously. Okay. What could be your favorite subject next? Computers and mathematics. Thank you so much. Financial institutions and markets. You teach or you don't? No. I am not teaching right now. Was there any reason that you had chosen NPTEL? Because I belong to a finance faculty. I am a finance faculty and I always teach the finance subjects. That's why I chose the financial institutions and markets. Everything is fine. Don't need any improvements and everything is fine. Very nice. The reason was that college told me that there is a lot of cloud computing at this time. It is very trending and it is good course. Because there is a good forum for online examinations. So I tried it. It was my first trial of digital exam. BCA, second year. If I will opt, so I will go for Java or some C programming. My name is Prithi Singh and I attempted for exam for business statistics. It was a good experience. There was a more of numerical question which was expected. Everything was good. I was recently registered for EDX for BBA finance. Because these are the courses which are not available for NPTEL. If I look for out of the box something like I am from management. But NPTEL is for BTEC and more of technical. But when you are looking for management there is no such courses. NPTEL is more of technical in nature. But when you are talking about, they started with new subjects or soft skills. But yeah it is good. It is a new initiative. It is much better with respect to talking about MOOC course. But it has to be reached with EDX. EDX which I found is much better than NPTEL. How about the learning platform madam? Is it easy or you find it difficult or anything? No, there is a mix. When I register so many courses. But finally I turn up only with the business statistics. Because the teacher was very good. When we were talking about other subjects. Innovation and creativity. I founded that not up to the mark. So it is good. Were you able to interact with the faculty? No, I don't get such time. Because I have my own limitations. NPTEL, database management system exam. How did you find the course? Very nice. They explain it very nicely. Any comments for the teacher? Teachers are good. That means you will be attempting for one more course? Yes, in the next semester. So you are studying for that? No, I am a professor in SRM. Then you also could have encouraged your students? Yes, they are here. In which they have to give an online examination. In every semester. Third year students. So they are here also. Any comments from your students so that we can improve? For them, yes. For teachers the language is very easy to understand. For the students who are beginners, it is very tough. Some technical terms are very tough for them. I am from ABS Engineering college in Thardia. The exam was good. If you revise the five years questions of the assignments then you can easily crack silver or gold medal in this exam. Third learning experience was good. The mentors the NPTEL provides is good. They clearly explain the basic concepts about everything that you cannot learn in class. In class you learn about the academics but you cannot learn the basics or everything that you need to know the concept behind that. I have completed every assignments and then I think I will score good in that. Any of your friends have already made sense? Yes, it was some exceptions to four or five of my friends that we have been selected in the morning shift. Rest all the class has been selected in the evening shift. The NPTEL courses are good. I find that good because it is free. But for any other online courses you have to pay some money or some amount. For the learning also and for the exams also you have to pay extra. But here you do not have to pay any extra. Does they teach you the same thing what you are learning in the class? Did they teach the same thing? Yes. Any other suggestions that you would like to give us? No, it is good now. Thank you. Kashi Shwet, NPTEL Cloud Computing. Did you have enough time to go through all the assignments? Yeah. You got good marks in assignments? Yes. Around 70-80 percent. And last one I almost scored 100. Which was that subject? Online Cloud Computing. Last assignment. Eight assignments are there. Yeah, there were many courses. But I like Cloud Computing most. What is your next course that you are attempting to do? I do not think about it. Not planned yet? Not yet. But basically which is the nicest part in the NPTEL you like most? You can study wherever you want. And submit the assignments whenever you have time. And at any... I mean you can do it many times. Have you seen a lot of websites? Yes, yes. There will be an MIT course of online courses. Yes. And did you see any difference from there? Exactly. I did not visit much. I did the first NPTEL. Okay. I am thinking of doing Cloud Computing. And I am thinking of doing Java. Okay. My name is Anshika Mishra and I attempted DBMS. Database Management System. What's the learning experience to you? It was amazing because obviously the content was very good. I would say that everything, mostly the things that I needed to... for my college exam or for future references also, it was covered mostly. So it was amazing. What was it anyway, slightly away from what had been taught in the college? The way that it was taught was the same thing, in the same way it was taught in the editor? It is actually more than what is taught in college because it had more concepts like indexing and hashing, which is not included in the syllabus. So it was more advanced than that. The difficulty level was like medium, not very tough. The course was not very tough. Yes, the assignments were also good.  So it was good. You have to spend separate time for learning all this or it's okay. You are able to manage amongst your... Actually, we have a DBMS in our college curriculum also. So it was not very difficult to cope up with NPTEL also. So it was not very tough. I mean, yes, we had to take some time out apart from our test. Otherwise it was... Any suggestions? No. No, I don't think so. No, no, no. Microprocessor and microcontroller exam today. Basically, I just want to enhance my knowledge and this compulsory also in the college. That's why as well as I have to enhance the knowledge. The courses are good because last time I just come to know about this NPTEL. And last time I have attended the digital circuits course. That is easy and not very difficult. So I think I have to attempt more courses. So this time I have attended three courses. Machine learning, data science and microprocessor and microcontroller. It's mandatory for only one subject in the college. So I just attempt... For my liking, I have attended two more courses because it is easy to understand the things which are they are telling and not very difficult tasks to complete the assignments. And I can say, but some problems are there. What type of problems? Sometimes the assignments or questions are wrong. The proper explanations are not given to the answers. Because if I cannot understand the question, I cannot give the answer. Sometimes I can give the answer from finding out in the... I can say PPT or lecture notes. But sometimes the proper explanation, I cannot understand the proper explanation of that question. It may be possible that I get the answer. I get the right answer also. But the proper explanation which I have to understand, the basic thing which is asking in the question, I cannot get it. Are you aware that there is a thing called forum? Yeah, I am aware. I have seen lots of people asking the questions that please give me the proper explanation. The proper explanation is not coming. What was the faculty's name? I don't know. Basically, I can say that in machine learning, I am using the KTH. I don't remember the name of that faculty. But it's from the institution KTH. I can't give you the exact name. None of the questions were answered in the forum? No, no. All the answers have been answered in the forum. But they are just writing the answer. This is the correct answer. In machine learning, I can say that solution is not coming for not a single question. And the answer is directly written. That this is the answer. This is the correct answer. Your answer is this. If it is wrong, the correct answer is this. And I just want to say that different type of courses, I have seen lots of different type of courses are there. But some basic courses are there. Some higher level courses also there. Should be there. Like I am a PhD scholar, completed my PhD in solar cell. There is only one course related to the solar cells. Advanced courses and advanced in which is going on in the field. Thank you, sir. I am Twinkle. And my exam was of financial institutions. It was a bit difficult I think. But yeah, not so difficult. Somewhere apart from our courses, but yeah, it was from our syllabus. Did you had enough time to attend all of it? Yeah, yeah, yeah. What was the why is the difficulty? Some questions were out of the syllabus. And I think it was some lack of practice I guess. In my college I have chosen this course for practice purpose and for additional practice for financial marketing. Was it any way helpful to you for your college status? Yeah, yeah, because in college also I have chosen finance as my value-added course. So it was helping me in that also. My name is Anupriya Garwal. It's not a comparison. It is just my choice that... Any other courses that was interesting to you? Apart from what you have studied? About financial analysis, business analysis, like that. And I have just given the NPTEL online course in program solving through C. My brothers and sisters suggested me that if you want to learn something, then you should try something. And NPTEL is the, means base or you can say, it is also sponsored by IIT. So means, Bhai Aditi has suggested me that I prefered to learn a lot from it. No, I got to learn a lot. Assignments that we submitted and the lectures that we saw that I got to learn a lot. I got to know a lot that this is all possible. I didn't know that. C is the basic. After that I have to do it in IOT as well. I am interested in IOT. So now the next course will be IOT. What are you doing? BTEC, I am pursuing BTEC. Which year? Second year. And you are learning this experience in any way helping you in the college? Not in college, but it will help rather after the college in gaining knowledge. In college we have different courses so there is not much help in that but after all it will help. I am not so much interested in certificate because knowledge is so important but a certificate is actually a proof that you have learned this year. Thank you so much. My name is Salatul. I wrote database management system exam today. It was a very good learning experience the teacher there was tremendously good. He was teaching us so everything is so clear and the exam was totally based on those learnings which he made us. In the assignments there were many mistakes. Some questions were not considered for evaluation afterwards so I need that to be corrected in future. Did you tell that in the forum? Yeah, those questions were not considered for evaluation. And was the examination difficult? It was okay. It was not difficult. From the assignments? Yeah. It was mostly from assignments. 80% from assignments. I am expecting 90%. Thank you. Thank you so much. I have registered for the digital electronics course because it is very interesting in the field of electronics before that I have already passed two course one is analog circuit and second one is the basic electronics kind of. Both for NPTL? Both for NPTL. How many marks? Sir in one I got elite with 62% and in one I got silver medal with 88%. I am teaching in Ajay Kumar Garg engineering college. Okay. And how are the NPTL courses useful to you for teaching? Sir, we say about the assignments. The assignments are very good or we can say difficulty level is very good so we can provide these assignment to our students also and the solution is also very good so whenever we are getting some difficulty so the assignments is very useful. So at the level we can say some new topics which we skip that we can do by that. Sir, 100% faculty is attempting but different courses. From AKGEC, 100% faculty doing NPTL courses in any courses. I have joined two courses but one course is compulsory for all the faculty. Sir, in last course which I done for analog circuits the question paper and assignments are different. Question paper is not from the assignments or not from the course. So I submitted the feedback. Rest two courses were all good. My name is Keshav Krayan Sharma and the course I examined is VLSI. VLSI is CMOS VLSI. I'm interested in VLSI so I chose BTEC finally earlier. And what is the difficulty level of the assignment? Normal. Moderate, not high, no load. Moderate, normal level. And what? Basically the lectures we provided is very nice quality. So the experience is very normal. Good. My name is Gindu Rani and I have an empty data mining course for NPTL exam. You are teaching? Yeah, I'm teaching. I'm teaching in the Prastha Engineering College. The course of NPTL is very good and I learned so much in data mining. I'm not teaching data mining but I joined it to learn something new for this course and I have got so many things in this course. Students are also writing exams? Yeah, students are also writing exams. I don't know how many students have been enrolled. I think around 50 students have enrolled for all the courses, not only for data mining. There are so many courses. So around 50 students have enrolled. One suggestion that the centre should be something nearby, places and all. Where are you coming from? I'm coming from Indrapuram, Gajjabad. Indrapuram, Gajjabad is very powerful. Yeah, it's about 25 kilometres away. That's only the thing that we want, that there will be some possibility to go nearby places should be there. I'm Anjali Maurya and I gave the examination of database management system and it was good. No second. First was programming using Python. But that course was good. That was pretty difficult than this course. This one was easy? Yeah, this exam was easy. The course is easy to learn but sometime I find some difficulties regarding some things are not clear. And there is also problem with our academics. With academics we are not able to coordinate with video lectures. And the lectures are so lengthy that can be short. 30 minutes? 30 minutes is long. No, the duration was 49 minutes, 47 minutes. That's so long. We can easily understand it in 30 minutes. We don't have much time. We are in final year, we have a lot of work and we have to do this too. I used to increase the speed of video to make 1.255 and 1.5. You said you have done well. Yeah, I have done well but there are some confuses in the questions. I am not pretty sure about the answers. Yeah. Anyway, you are going to write another course in a little while, right? I think so. I had not chosen it. All the best. Thank you. My name is Managar and I just gave exam for programming in C. I am from BT. I am BT K. Student. ABS Engineering College. Did the college force you to study this or you have chosen this course? I have chosen this by myself. Just tell me your learning experience. It was good. And the assignments and the programs which was given by NPTEL was good and it supported us. Actually, this subject, when I opted the subject, it was not in a curriculum. I know we are not facing any C test in college curriculum so we can't compare both of them but yeah, personally it helps a lot. Teachers who taught you the course, it was very good. Any difficulty level in learning? Because I want to see that if you can tell something about it, you can attend to that. At some time we face difficulties in program writing. Actually, at every week, we need to write five programs with a quiz. So quiz we can handle it by the video but the program part was little bit difficult for us to solve these programs or to write them. So if something is something modified in that if we get some more training about program and all or some new concepts so maybe more helpful. Although it was very good. Do you have any opinion on the feedback in the forum or somewhere at any point of time? Did you explain about your impressions of the course or the difficulty level in the forum? No, I didn't try that. Actually, feedback comes but it came but we didn't give feedback. Myself, Kumudaroda and I have appeared for the program for the problem solving using C. I am Preeti Sharma and for the data mining. A little bit on the video part the video lectures that you are delivering sometimes the things are not very clear in that. What I face in data mining course is that the content which is covered in the video lectures are not in the assignment so that is not so a bit quality improvement on the lectures part otherwise the test was okay it was thoroughly testing. Were you able to give these impressions on the platform? Yes, I have given the feedback. Have you got any responses for that? Not exactly. Actually, I have given in the feedback third, fourth, fifth assignments but it is not I have given the feedback for the assignment number 6th or 7th the question was incorrect they have taken this part into the account and they have corrected it but the quality of the lectures otherwise the technical quality and all that That was okay. The quality of the lectures in my subject is okay but that is not relevant to the assignments which we are covering my concern is that Any other examination center A little bit, I think this should be there. Actually, no it is actually a bit hot over there so otherwise it was okay otherwise it was okay actually, you are asking for the improvements so this can be one of the improvements for my part it was okay because it is a for-noon session maybe for the afternoon session maybe the candidates will be finding a bit hotter Thank you Abhishek Sahab Aditya Jain Sir, we get more and more questions and get for the knowledge we get more and more knowledge that in the university we are only bounded by the few questions that are coming in the semester by semester but here we get the new type of questions and our brain was like open it totally The syllabus of the NPTEL and the university exams are very much similar so we can cope up with both of them but in the NPTEL exams we have to manage like in the university exams we have to write theories and subjective too but in the NPTEL exams we have to only point on the objective part and we have to get the accurate values of the solutions in the university exams we got marks on the basis of some subjective part also but in NPTEL it is a zero and one true and false case so if you get the marks or you are not there I am in third year Third year in Indirpur Engineering College in the electronics branch I have also enrolled in the principle of communication and program as my teacher also encouraged me and my project partners and different types Are you aware that you can write any exam from the NPTEL, any subject may be related to you or me Yes sir And you are also aware that you will also be getting a certification Yes The certificate matters a lot when in the in the outside world beside colleges many of my friends from different colleges don't know about NPTEL so this different me from others also that have the NPTEL exam and others don't even don't know about it Actually this shows interview in the job and all we can surprise them that we get the NPTEL exams even with the university exams so it is beneficial for us that we cope up with that Of course I will tell because it is not about that competition will increase but also as a friend I will tell that you should also try even Angri is in because of the climate and the center because I came from Delhi from Laxminagar to Meret traveled 31 kilometers just to give the exam so not happy, not angry My name is Apoor Wagarwal and I gave exam of NPTEL for programming in C and the experience was good I did many new things and just waiting for the results Which are the results? Lectures are very good My name is Akansha Gribal Actually the lectures of NPTEL were very good they are easy to understand and still waiting for the result So visit the site and surf the internet So while surfing to the site you also have come across many online courses Then what is the difference between NPTEL and NPTEL? It is the value of the certifications of NPTEL Firstly it is by IIT Madras It is presented by IIT and it is on a big level on national level As your level of marks after doing NPTEL Sir Basically I am from ECE branch So I have given the paper of C programming So it is not available in our course curriculum So that is the reason why you have chosen it Yes sir So what is your next choice of interest? DBMS No sir, sir I will choose Java All the best Thank you sir And I gave the exam of problem solving through C Any particular reason that you have chosen NPTEL as an online course for study program? The course is available at our home So it is very easy to attend the classes and the course was also very good as the teacher Sir, on the pro-PERSAS one was very experienced in IIT level and they always try to they always try to see in this way so that we can easily understand The language was very easy and understandable NPTEL is also done by our college It is also done by the faculty It is definitely done by the faculty It will be very beneficial for our placement and I will definitely resume it We can add it in our resume I want to do next What about you? Sir, Java problem Can you tell me your name and the college that you are from? My name is Srishti and I am from ABS Engineering College My name is Preeti Srinivasan and I am from Kite Institute Myself Dr. Gash Kumar and I am from Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Gazebar and I have taken the NPTEL exam in the subject of an introduction to the microeconomics and the paper has been good This is for the first time I have gone for the online examination The best part I think is the material which was covered in the 100 questions was 100 marks paper was good and the most important aspect which I discovered during the examination was that in-depth coverage of the syllabus was there This was the best part of my subject which I took for the microeconomics For a faculty I It is good presently though I have gone for the first time I will be going also for the next time also with the other subject but I think for the faculty members it should be I can say more improvement is there it should be there and the number of questions are 100 for 3 hours it is good but could be increased for my subject I can assure you I have gone through the video lecture of Professor Vimal Kumar in IIT, Kanpur for the subject of microeconomics and while going through the examination it paid I was thinking that in the section C and B the section C was the category of the quality of the in-depth analysis of the problems in numerical on the ways of numerical basis and he has covered well in that I will go for the next subject I will try to go in the field of the finance for it What about your students? My student I go for the subject of this industrial management and the economics in the part of the BTEC teaching them in third year and I also teach them entrepreneurial development programs in final year and I also teach accounting in the first year of MCA so therefore there is no problem for me to select go for the subject and I will for it but I will also writing examinations students have gone for it but the subject is different they haven't gone for my subject I basically gone so that I can enhance and improve in the microeconomics field next time I will definitely take if there is a course I will go for the course of accounting because it will it is beneficial and thanks to the people the government they have taken a good step ahead and it we should not oppose it I am of the mindset that now things needs to be changed and this is the best time to change this is the best time and the platform is optimum how was the examination center no problem in there no problem was there it is convenient for me and atmosphere is just apt for the examination to be good systems are good the faculty is cooperative there is no problem hello everyone I am Anu Gupta I am assistant professor at Ajakh Margarh Gingering college it is a very prestigious college in Afghazia Bad district and today I came here for come here for the NPTEL exam and I attempted for programming language in C so it is a very good experience because I learned from NPTEL like website and from the teachers over there and it enhanced my skills of programming very much so it is a very good experience and good to attempt the certification and have experience like this thank you I just want to add one point that there are some subjects are missing in the list as I am from the computer science stream and there are lots of new subjects have been added I found there are many new subjects but some of the subjects are still missing so I want or I have a feedback or suggestion that we should increase the scope of subjects in our curriculum else everything is good from aviation engineering it is very good it is much much much it is better for the students and the guilty also I am Dr. Anuprita Upad and I came from Jaffer Nagar to appear the NPTEL and I did an exam of Introduction to Microeconomics I am teaching microeconomics so I thought that I should be learning much more in this field it was bit tough it was bit tough actually the level is of IT equivalent to the professors are from the IT so the course was from them so I found bit tough actually from the maths background so the concept when they use of maths especially differential and integral calculus it was bit difficult for me to understand and Did you express that state in your forum platform somewhere anytime? Yes I have submitted it You got responses? No I didn't get any responses it was the feedback the feedback form I felt that I am finding it difficult to cope with the course or the lectures but somehow I managed some questions were from the assignments but the difficult one the last 25 was very difficult it was but it wasn't tough I found it I am planning to do some more courses in next session coming session I am planning to I have chosen marketing management human resources then a few new courses are coming financial accounting and cost How this will be helpful to you Sir actually I am teaching these subjects and I am appearing for these competitive exams also so these are being helpful and I have given the exam of NPTEL for database management system it was nice but very much labour I have to do for this exam so I think that NPTEL lectures are not enough to perform for this examination but the experience was very good The examination was very good? No examination was very good but the lectures which I have seen was not able to understand I wasn't able to understand what the teacher was telling I have to search other lectures like from YouTube and other I have to go for other resources also Did you express that in the forum again? No no no it was fine because my paper has gone good but exam was good exam was perfect Thank you sir I attempted the exam of programming in C and it was a good paper it was my first attempt for NPTEL and currently in second year I thought to attempt for C exam first and then for other paper and I am currently studying for Python also from NPTEL and with Udemy also and both the courses are nice I am not giving the Python exam for NPTEL Why? Because during this time only my CTS also are going on and we have our examinations of university examination from 8th May so I was thinking that 2 exam would be a problem I know that there will be certificate but I was doing the Udemy course also and I would get a certificate from that My name is Nehaarika Gowal and I am pursuing BTEC in electronics and communication from ABS Incidentary College exam was moderate not so much difficult not so much easy problem solving through C programming today IT sector is at moving level so I want to pursue the job in IT sector so for that purpose C programming must be known so I think that was the best choice suitable form I am faculty in Jail Bajaz associate professor and what was exam theory? This was NPTEL examination Mathematics Mathematics It was very nice but it is very lengthy very lengthy one question at least get 5 minutes not much question from assignment very few questions from assignment but that was not beyond slivers that I can say you mean video lecture that was very nice and I must say that there was no any question that was beyond video was also nice you asked how many questions were from assignment so there was not much questions from assignment few questions from assignment yeah in mathematics we need rough work and that took much time for one question so the question must be like that in 4 or 5 lines we can answer that is quite time taking so 50 questions are much more than sufficient so for 3 hours it is too lengthy so the best is good there are 4 or 5 topics included like that is too much so 2-3 topics they can include out of 5 if they will include 2 or 3 topics like the transformation, Fourier transformation Laplace transformation that is sufficient then for 3 hours these 3 topics are sufficient but they have included Fourier series they have included afferent series variation parameters so preparation is really tough for that I am associate professor yeah my student also giving examination but not not single their topic their subject is technical name Arjun Balian for in the first engineering college yes teaching I am faculty courses are good if you want to improve your technical knowledge then the courses are good but it is basically I have prepared for the gate exam also but there are lot of the part in the syllabus that is apart from the gate syllabus so I have given the gate, qualified gate apart from the syllabus of the gate so it is extra actually we are teaching in the UBTO college so it is also apart from their syllabus so it is not very much defined for the students the syllabus is many thing many part is different from the syllabus that is designed by the university course teaching was good assignment was difficult assignment was difficult but as compared to that the paper was easier compared to the assignments I am Arjun Nima and I gave exam of database mining so my name is Pranjal Adwal and I am from IMS engineering college I also gave exam of DVMS no it was good the teacher was good overall experience was very good I am a student third year it was good but not that level because what we were taught in college that was almost same in NPTEL we want something different something in deep we want that thing that thing why that thing was missing data is much less very less data according to our class according to our class we are getting less data we can do it easily if from the beginning we are seeing it for the first time then it is very difficult but some more details in your course that is it otherwise it was very good Myself Mrignani Gansal and I have applied for the discrete mathematics exam my experience is very good questions are very interactive and very knowledgeable the video session are also very nice I have listened all the videos I have attended all the assignments they are really very helpful in term of knowledge in term of further teaching useful session useful session I agree with ma'am totally actually it was quite knowledgeable and the video lectures were also very good so a standard is up happy with the exam if study material is provided for better assignment practice then it will be good if we get the solutions of assignment then that is more better we got solutions otherwise it was ok I am Shalva Ma and I am a current student of third year and it is a very good experience it was my first time first conference and detail exam and it was a very good exam very knowledgeable and I learnt a lot and I got an opportunity to study from IIT that I am pursuing in AKDU so it is a good experience and I will again go for the exam I will go for the Java all the best thank you sir Isha I am from Inderprest engineering college I am a professor there my exam was control engineering yeah it is a subject of interest and it is a subject which is reflected in almost all fields so it is great to learn more in control engineering through NPTEL course was extremely good the content available was above the mark what we expected so it was good for me because control engineering is a subject which is used everywhere I am from electrical branch but good to do this subject let's see because the courses are limited in the semesters all courses are not available so we will have to check which course and they are writing many courses which are related to electronics and electrical like networks control microprocessors microcontrollers and so on suggestions is that the video lectures should be more related to the assignments because in control engineering it was assignments were not very much related to the videos, lectures so we want more of the not that the assignment should be from the videos but the content of the assignment should be discussed in the videos it was from all sides not only from the assignment but from the overall control engineering control is a difficult subject control engineering is of course a very difficult subject paper was tough paper was tough ok thank you