My name is Sholemoto Rutileon. I'm from Born and Raised Chailas. I have five children, six grandchildren, one great-grandson. I grew up with elders teaching survival mostly because a lot of the elders that I grew up with never went to school. Five years ago, I've been a logger all my life. I have 48 years ago, and I quit.  I could have quite a few places in the education, but as a survival, set up your life, want to learn. I understand it anyway. Thank you. I'm Siantilat, Shirley Leonis. My name, my main name, is Marchand. I'm Okanagan by birth and was born on the Okanagan band number one at Six Mile Creek. I was born by Skooka Mine Trail, right on the wagon road in those days. I'm just really happy to be here and happy to be part of this. To me, I think education is very important. No matter what you do, it's what you set your mind to do. What you want to do by getting educated, you have to set your heart into what you want because a lot of the things that teachers or doctors or nurses or whatever. If you don't put out from your heart, you want to put out somebody. That person doesn't really absorb it. What I have been thinking about the last three weeks, I guess, is that I'm very sick. The thing I've envisioned to see missing in schools is a prayer. There's no opening prayer in any education or anything that you do. That prayer gives you faith in something, you faith in yourself, that you want to learn, that you want to do something about your education. Without prayer, because there's no faith. There's a lot of people out there that are very, very educated and they don't have faith. They care how they treat people. They don't, it's just for themselves. They put their hand out. Instead of just feeling something good that they've done for somebody, they want to get paid. It's too bad. That's all I could say about it. It scares myself to teach somebody something. I always bring up that I'm an alcoholic. If the people didn't have faith in me, I would not have sobered up. Spirituality is a way of life and if you make it your life. The vision, first of all, is trying to look at the Indigenous perspective. I guess I would like life to be ideal where there was no separation, that any person that wants to be educated or go into education, that they go because they have a specific goal and they know what the quality of that goal is as well as the end purpose of that goal and that they go into it with the absolute belief that they're going to do the best that they can do with what they have. I have a saying that I know I use a little bit too often and that is one of my pet peeves is seeing people do things half-assed. I see in education too often we get into education for the pay, for the status, for the prestige. We don't get into it because we want to improve the quality of life and choices. For our young people, we don't focus enough on the young people. We tend to look at them as numbers and as things that make up a chart to meet our goals. We don't often see them as human beings. Every child that comes into your classroom brings something with it, whether it's baggage, whether it's assets, they have an experience base and we don't look at that often enough. Whatever is being studied not only have credits and measurements but have quality, the quality and relevancy. Is it relevant to your environment? Just do the best you can and be the best that you can. The knowledge in education is really knowing who you are and where you want to go. Even that is broad. Knowing your roots will give you the confidence to be whatever you can be and take on whatever challenge. Just this week I had the opportunity in the last couple of years to visit Trinity Western University, a university that I always wondered about because I knew they had really high standards there of achievement. I wondered why a couple of our young people chose to go there but didn't graduate there. Thinking that first it would be a religious program and they would still be a very, would be kind of a double minority. Why would they choose to go there? When I actually got there and met six Indigenous students who seemed very happy to be there. We were greeted with gospel music and songs and a prayer and it was reinforcing my image of what Trinity Western was but I didn't expect to see the confidence and the satisfaction in these six students with hundreds of other students there. And when we had a chance to sit and have lunch with them I had an opportunity to talk with one and she came from somewhere in Ontario to come and that's a long way away from your roots to come there and that same student now, she's graduating this year with a master's I think and she challenged the credits I guess to ask that she be allowed to do a movie on some topic and the movie was based on Indigenous experience is based on Indigenous experience but it's also based on the focus is on Indigenous experience but it's from a parable from the Bible and it's going to be premiering soon and and March and I you know to think here is this little person this little lady taking on the challenge of this prestigious university and daring to ask for an exception to be made just overwhelms me and it just gives me such pride and our people that's what I think needs to happen more often is that we take on the challenges to change things when we see it's out of balance or it's not focused or irrelevant I guess it's to the culture your traditional things you have to if you want to put that out I always bring this up when I'm speaking that to our younger people you talk about what you know not what you think you know culture and tradition is what you're feeding when you go to school that's uh it shouldn't be destroyed by anything that you learn in school and that's what elders should be aware of that they should be talking about I'm not educated so all I can talk about is the way I survived I feel I feel as an elder today I've been robbed by the government to teach like I have a great grandson I have to do so many things to teach them how to hunt goes through different things to take them in the woods and cut down a tree and teach them how to build a canoe I can't do that anymore you know or even a younger person to take them out hunting get his first deer I have to make sure he has a license for that gun a permit to hunt or even fishing you know all these has been taken away from me as an elder to teach it when we taught when we taught uh when I was taught there was no such thing as a permit there was no such thing as a license that was my right my rights were and this is uh I guess uh I keep remembering uh I went down to New Zealand really cold but went anyway Simon Baker was his speaker when he got down there he he wasn't feeling too good he asked me to kind of take his place and certain my eyes that we went to and the teaching in and the teaching in the schools I said I witnessed there in the classroom something like what's going on in there there was little babies laying on the floor the other was language or anything mother and the baby was in that room that's where the teaching began right from the baby being in the cradle and that's what I witnessed when I was growing up that uh my sister used to tell me uh I remember that I used to you can't remember that you're only three years old but I remember it because it was the teaching that was given to me on the table like our meal table this is where my father and mother used to talk I guess to make us hear a long time ago there was no such thing as wrong we were never ever wrong we did something that didn't go the right way we just had to do it over my parents say well you just do it over again the next time it might be better and the teaching that I remember today is that I had cousins living about three four hundred yards away from me used to come and play with me and I heard them coming and I wanted to go out right away and used to play outside there and my mother said don't forget you got a chart of you you got to fill that wood box with wood before you can go play with those kids so I ran out in the wood shed and we ran in and just threw the wood in the wood box it didn't matter how it was laid I didn't line it up or anything so the wood box filled up real quick and then I was going to go and my mom called me back you take this wood you bring it out back in the wood shed you bring it back in again and you pile it up properly and then my cousins were gone home so that was a teaching and that's the thing I followed when I was an elder on the quickest off that's how all these things is what I brought out to teach people our younger generation that was in trouble like say with poaching fishing or whatever or stealing they weren't punished by one person they weren't punished they had to make up for what they done not just pay a fine or just to pay a fine doesn't fix it so I think that elder's group that we have today is a good thing he's reminding us like my wife said the thing that I was taught is who you are what you are and where you come from my dad said if you apply that to your life and live it no matter what you do or anything people will respect you I thought that over for years and years and I thought of who am I so I started saying I am my name is Rudy Leon who are you is what I make myself where do I come from I'm registered in chiheles and that's not where I come from the spirit my favorite one is always the storytelling I remember when my three little munchkins were just babies and we were traveling and we we ran out of stories and we were we just happened to be passing by was it moose no sycamoose sycamoose and the interior and so we we asked grandpa to tell a story he's he must have noticed the sign because he said oh yeah I got a really good story he said you know the people around here they live on moose there's lots of moose in this country and you know they they have lots of snow in the winter one winter they were all snowed in for months and months and they couldn't get out to hunt pheasants or whatever other kind of animals they had so they had to live on all the moose meat that they put away and and this guy was walking through the village and all he kept hearing was oh I'm so sycamoose I'm so sycamoose so when it came time to start naming these communities for the government to put it on the maps they asked what what's the name of this place and and they said it's sycamoose I just love hearing that because that that talent or that gift is gone we don't have elders that can spontaneously tell a story that's going to be significant and it's going to have a message yeah there was a lot of stories I heard I guess growing older and older and I heard them I thought they were true it was just something to to remind us I guess of how we are it's so important to not change your story I've heard stories you're told to me then there was a write-up in qualita and when I read that I guess to teach somebody how to live the difference between right and wrong it's very very important to make a giant understand how I hear you used to when I first started sobering up you feel like talking yeah I said you will talk we'd sit down and talk by the time we finish talking we're gonna disagree with each other this went on for quite some time one day I come home from work I was really really tired and upset about something oh you feel like talking I said yeah sit down I said but this time let's talk about what's right and what's wrong not who's right like I said a long time ago nobody was in the wrong if you see a child misbehaving it's not that child's fault it's the parents the parents are not teaching that child how to act or anything this is what's completely gone in our way a long time ago there's no such law any child to run around in the house or anywhere or scream and holler or nothing no no I guess it's because they might hear something that the elders were talking about and it'll stick there for the rest of their life one word it's what I say somebody hears one word and it hits them and they keep applying it to their life and then it becomes a part of it it's uh be honest not to steal or cheat or whatever I'll not hear anymore so I think uh you teach somebody that's having a hard time to make it easier for them like I heard a long time ago life begins at home teaching begins at home that's not here anymore kids uh don't go home and tell their parents what they learned or what they experienced at school anymore to punish a child I see this happening today I see a lot of I'm gonna you do this I'm gonna send you to your room they keep doing they get sent to their room they get in a room they got ipad tv everything that is you know and that's punishment so I don't know experience like I said is it's not not out of line to to ask anybody how did you do that how did that come about what made you think of that that's freedom of life my grandchildren are at childbearing age now one of the things that Salema took reminded me of was how the consequences of parents and grandparents were dealt with in the in the um I guess still the subsistence era because of a child misbehaved when there was a gathering in the longhouse there would be two people and it didn't have to be a family member two people in the small this the longhouse would see this misbehavior of a child happening so they would quietly go outside and and get a pole one of them would go outside and get a pole and stand in the middle of the floor while the other one would go and tie a string on two people's or four people's left arm and not a word would be said and the pole would be dropped right in front of the parents that whose child was misbehaving and so this the that meant that within two years that family had to put on a gathering to apologize for that child's misbehavior in public and a public gathering and that's how simple and um but very strict the teachings were in those days and now we scream and yell the same thing over and over you know at a misbehaving child and then he he or she still doesn't it doesn't matter how long do you hold her how much you scream so we got to think hard and long about what kind of teachings we give our young people to carry on with their children so that that breaks that cycle with with my children we never had to lift our boys the grandmother paternal grandmother was the one that taught them I never heard that lady ever raise her voice and I had five children every time we'd go to into a public place there wasn't a word of scolding or screaming or if a child was going to do something they would automatically look at grandma and grandma would either shake her head or nod it they knew not a word and that if you told somebody that today they'd think you're Nazi you know you're not yeah right or that was way back then but I I still believe those teachings can still work what I say to my grandkids and I tell them my kids would never like that but uh yeah that's pretty well all written down and writing a book change what's happened since like I said 75 years ago one one uh and I said you know what I've been thinking about I said I wonder what what happened if I went to this high school up here in magazine picked out 10 of our native people they're in high school do hire a helicopter and blindfold them put them on a helicopter and fly them way back in the woods I wonder how they survive we just dumped them off what what do they do to survive to get out of there to find their direction or what they eat I always thought how to find your direction in the dark just by feeling the tree is the side you feel on the east side of a tree there's always moss grows on the east side of a tree and you know your direction where east was no you had to go never to try to follow the creek or something going down a lot of these teachings I didn't believe one time I went hunting landed a canoe I went up the mountain to go back go back down to my canoe I walk and walk and pretty soon I looked on well I was here before it was down there I take right off pretty soon I come back to the same place and this can't be either the rotten log there I kicked it and busted it all up leave a mark so I went again to the same place the teaching that my dad told me if this happens to you instead of going that way you turn around and go back turned around I went back to your mind the first year I got I was so excited I all the teachings that I said I learned my dad never took me out in the mountain showed me how to do that he just told me told me you go here you go there you're going to see a big bluff you're going to see a rotten nest egg I think I was nine years old four days in a row I went out try to get my first year and it was snowing the fourth day I went out my mother made me a thing to tie around my waist I know what you my dad told me you go out there you got to start thinking like a deer and he said I'll tell you something that you're going to see in in your life he said if you walk or come to this bluff you walk there and you look down and if you see a deer laying down you look at it he doesn't have to hear you smell you but that deer will jump up it's just your eyesight that there's somebody looking at him it was the fourth day I went out hunting it was about this was in the winter time we could start pretty early I think about 3 30 or something like that I copied my sandwich I was standing there in this open area I was eating my sandwich and God I felt like there was somebody looking at me I turned and looked there's this very big deer standing there I shot and I missed it I was so excited the second time I shot I knocked him down and it didn't get home until 12 o'clock that night I got the deer down to the bottom of the hill close to the canoe by then there was about three feet of snow but I would not leave that deer behind I got down to the bottom of the hill I looked at that oh my gun I turned around run all the way back up that hill again I got there my gun was leaning against the tree my pocket knife was stuck in the tree shoveled a canoe out it was a paddle so much snow that time I got to the slew where we go in they call Adelion slew I landed in there and by this time that deer was getting stiff the hell of a time we get them out of the canoe I started dragging it backwards I couldn't drag it just drag it I turned around and pulled a little bit at a time all of a sudden I heard a shot I knew it was my dad I floated I got a nice shot back you know what I got that's just a little ways I see the light coming yeah that lantern and he was on snowshoes you've got a me yeah it's all he said he had an extra pair of snowshoes he gave it to me that don't you ever leave home without these that's all he said next morning I'll teach you how to skin it cut it up went out in the morning skinned it cut it all up we had used to have all these sacks my mom used to wash them so we can put things in here either if you go in there and get 12 sacks a deer up you put all the pieces in each sack he said you you harness up the horse you go down the reserve and you give it a sweet to all your elders all of it yeah so I went I did it I got back he had lunch ready for me all I had to eat out of that deer was a boiled potato in the heart then he said I want you to go out in the mountain out in the bushes and you get what this size a pine maple real straight so I went out came in brought it no not good enough go get good one way I'd go again I don't know how many times I find you I got found doing good enough I guess my dad made a fire he shoved it find maple underneath the fire put it in the snow underneath I got so hot you can bend it did you do you made me to remind me of not to forget snowshoes at home he made me make my own that's how our teaching went on the hardest part of guess was I had to drink the blood of a deer and that's what I say is missing was our kids what I'm robbed of I asked him how come I had to give all that meat away that's the way it is the next time you go out you'll always be lucky he pushed that on us even when we were married already we used to always say to us there is such thing as good luck and the way he showed us showed us that he used to bring us down here to Chinatown to have a Chinese meal to treat us he said to us that gives you good luck to feed people that's where I've seen him real happy because he was my dad was only five foot one and that owner he has a good friend of his the owner of the Hawaiian was shorter than him he was the path that was a Chinese guy in the head but I see things are starting to happen like all these schools are inviting elders they might have not have the right answers for you like me here's to listen


Thank you all for coming, we are talking about the IOT constrained project, it is an open source project that was released a few months ago, it runs on a range of constrained hardware and software environments, it is designed to build IOT applications based on standards by the open connectivity foundation, I will speak about some of the design choices that we have made in the project and hopefully by the end of the talk it should become apparent as to the fact that similar design philosophies would apply more generally for any IOT standards based software. So, this is sort of the outline of the talk, I will start by introducing open connectivity foundation and the IOT constrained project and briefly introduce you to the OCF standards, I will speak a little bit about the characteristics of constrained hardware and software environments, followed by discussion of IOT constraints architecture at some depth, I will provide some guidelines on porting IOT constrained to new environments and end with the discussion of how you build applications. So, the open connectivity foundation OCF was set up in an attempt to address the M2N fragmentation problem, it is an industry run consortium which aims to collaboratively develop and publish a set of communication standards for IOT, the IOT constrained project is a small footprint implementation of the OCF standards, it has a lightweight design and runs on constrained hardware and software environments, these might be typically battery powered and wireless devices like a smart door lock or a sensing platform for instance, such devices might might be connected themselves to a constrained network such as a low power and lossy network and such devices typically run small OS's like Zephyr, Riot OS or Kuntiki, the architecture enables of the project enables it to be quite easily ported and customized to any platform, this is kind of an essential and important attribute just given the variety of available hardware and software options, so having a flexible design enables the project to be used by a wider variety of users, so that is more people looking at the core potentially more contributors and a more robust implementation and also to that same point the people who would benefit most from this project are embedded IOT developers or makers who would like to tweak their application in OS bundle to a very fine grain level, so the OCF standards OCF protocol is based on the rest architectural style where all things are modeled as resources, so Cruden which stands for create, retrieve, update, delete and notify operations might be performed on these resources via standard verbs get, put, post and delete, the things communicate with each other by exchanging resource representations, the schemas for all of these representations is completely specified by OCF, the observer notify operation is a special case of the get method which lets you subscribe to notifications from a resource when there is a change in its representation, resources are generally defined with a set of standard properties, common properties they have a URI which identifies a particular physical object, you have a resource type which mentions a type, resources are tagged with one or more interfaces where an interface sort of describes all of the set of operations that might be performed on the resource and the nature of their representations, OCF completely specifies a set of standard resource types and interfaces that might be used, resources might have one or more policies associated with them such as whether it must be discoverable or observable and any implementation would act upon these policies and lastly resources can also be assigned a friendly name, OCF, the OCF standard also describes roles which are embodied in applications, the server role describes an application that hosts a collection of resources and expose it to the outside world, a client application accesses resources hosted on a server and you can have an application that incorporates both roles and such an application might for instance run on a gateway and serve as an intermediary, the OCF standard also declares a few well known resources which are just there and serve a specific functions, the OIC slash res resource is basically used to perform resource discovery and it takes discovery requests, device and platform are two logical concepts in OCF and their well known resources expose some metadata such as manufacturer OS and other firmware details, this OIC sec resources serve as interfaces to the OCF's security model and likewise there are some other well known resources which you can learn more about by looking at the OCF core specification, so with the OCF protocol, the wire protocol is based on the constraint application protocol co-app, resource discovery as I just mentioned is performed with the aid of the well known resource OIC res, endpoint discovery over IP is usually performed using multicast requests, OCF data payloads are encoded using the concise binary object representation seaboard which is a compact data format, OCF also describes the security model describes mechanisms for authentication and encrypted communications over DTLS and uses access control lists to restrict access to resources, you can read more about it by looking at the security specification, the OCF standard primarily relies upon UDP as a transport, but there's been some work to adapt it to Bluetooth via the generic attribute profile and there's still an ongoing effort inside within OCF to refine and standardize the scheme, so I'll just go over a few simple request response examples here, so for resource discovery you have two devices here which is where the smartphone runs probably a client application and you have an OCF branded light bulb running a server, in order to discover resources the client issues a multicast get request the OIC res resource to just find all resources around, the light bulb on receiving this request sends back a unicast response with and its representation mentions its URI, A slash light and also the fact that it's a light and that it is also observable it supports the observer operation, so as the client is interested in operating this light bulb but now sends the unicast get request directly to that server endpoint and addressing that particular resource with the get request and the light bulb responds with sends unicast response with its current representation which is state equal to zero and dim equal to zero its brightness level, the client wants to turn on the light bulb and so it sends the unicast put request and including a payload of state equal to one and brightness equal to like 50, the server receives this request and basically acts upon it by turning on the light bulb and setting the brightness level and sends back a success status via a unicast response, the client now decides to basically perform the observe operation and subscribe to notifications from the light bulb, so it sends a unicast get request with the observe option set, the server takes note of that subscription and sends a unicast response back with its current representation which still remains state equal to one dim equal to 50, so in this example the light bulb happens to be connected to a physical switch which somebody has turned off, so the bulb so essentially the state of the bulb represent, the bulb's resource representation has changed and so it sends back a notification to the client indicating its current state of state equal to zero and dim equal to zero, so I will now speak about a few characteristics of working in constrained environments and some of the challenges that they pose, but first to understand what it even means to be constrained, a quote from RFC 7228 which presents a constrained device classification, RAM and flash sizes were the key dimensions along which the authors of this RFC observed a clear clustering of commercially available MCUs which resulted in these three classes, class zero devices are severely constrained and this they could be something like a tiny sensor mode, in the best case they might be connected to the internet via a gateway to proxy, class one devices are less constrained than class zero devices, but they still have limited code size and as a result they might not be able to accommodate a complete protocol stack to talk to other internet connected nodes and they might also lack certain security features, but they might still be able to accommodate a protocol stack built specifically for constrained environments such as the constrained application protocol, but even so it might not leave sufficient resources available to an application. Class two devices are much less constrained than both class zero and class one devices, but their resources can be utilized more effectively by building software that is just generally lightweight, leaving sufficient room for building more and very capable application, but generally we have the challenge here to accommodate the operating system, the network stack, any drivers, the IATVT constrained framework and the application all within these constraints and based on our experience thus far with the few OSs we have found that it is generally hard to overcome this challenge on a class zero device, it might be possible to deploy an application on a class one device by doing a very optimal selection of features, but we can very comfortably fit within a class two device. Here are some typical characteristics of constrained hardware already spoken about low RAM and flash sizes. So, what this means is just not that we need to build highly optimized software, but also the fact that the RAM size limitations tends to also constrain the certain runtime parameters of the application such as maximum number of buffers for request responses and maximum payload sizes and these directly impact the serviceable workload of that application and this is something we need to be aware of. Also it pays to build software that is modular so that you could include only those features that your application needs and cleanly exclude everything else. When you are working with low power CPUs with a low clock cycle you need to basically build software that is not heavily over engineered, code path should be kept lightweight and hot spots and we should do minimal copies. While working with battery powered devices we should ensure that our code does not do any sort of busy work, it should be made to take advantage of idle periods and periods of inactivity to put the CPU to sleep because this leads to better execution efficiency and hence power conservation. But however in order to further address this need we are currently looking to extend the OCF standards to incorporate a specialized application profile for constrained devices that would potentially limit the responsibilities of such devices from a networking perspective. To give you an example we could expect a battery powered device to periodically go to sleep and so it should not be required to listen for multicast requests and if so it would mandate that we deploy some rich intermediary device that sort of serves as a reverse proxy to the constrained node. This is the sort of stuff, this is an example but this is the sort of stuff that we are currently trying to study and we are looking to hopefully incorporate it in those CF standards moving forward. So, these are some typical software characteristics, the operating system itself is usually small and lightweight it might lack the necessary capabilities on its own leaving us to rely on potentially rely on third party or proprietary libraries. There usually is no support for dynamic memory allocation which is something that we take for granted on full featured operating systems. We could statically allocate memory but if we do we should put a lot of thought upfront into the size of those allocations to because they directly impact the performance of the application. Also there is considerable fragmentation in the APIs and programming models amongst OSs. There are also variations in the design of their execution context and the scheduling strategies that they employ. For instance they could be like preemptive or cooperative like criate OS uses supports multi-threading, Kantiki essentially uses cooperative multi-tasking, Zephyr supports both preemptive and cooperative threads that can solve different purposes. But the point I am trying to drive here is that it is generally hard to write a piece of software against one set of OSs and libraries and have it easily port over to another unless we specifically design it for that purpose with that goal in mind. So just to summarize after sort of addressing a lot of these pain points that I just discussed appears a brief summary of all of the features that we have been able to support in Iotivity constraint. It supports the OCF client server roles, resource observations, separate responses, resource collections. It has utility functions to encode and decode OCF's data model. It executes the OCF protocol and handles it all internally and exposes a set of high level APIs to applications. It also supports the co-app blockwise transfers feature which is RFC7959. This is an important feature especially in constrained deployments where there tends to be limitations in the layer 2 MTU sizes. Taking Bluetooth and 802.154 as examples, we could use L2CAP or the six-low pan adaptation layer to do fragmentation and reassembly of application data. But this sort of makes it, if we rely on those blocks for that purpose then it sort of makes it a bit transactional, perhaps a bit error prone and it needs to sort of and we also incur the additional cost of, let us the network stack incurred an additional cost of creating and buffers, multiple buffers and maintaining state. But this state can be managed slightly better and the upper layer closer to where this data originates thereby eliminating the need to actually handle buffers and maintaining state in the lower layers in the network stack. This is essentially the benefit of blockwise transfers and an IOTVT constrained application can optionally take advantage of it by setting a prescriptive MTU size at compile time. An application need not do anything to utilize this feature because the framework automatically launches off a blockwise transfer if an application data payload exceeds that prescriptive size. IOTVT constrained also supports a minimally viable implementation of the OCF security model by it supports one of its onboarding methods, provisioning of credentials and the access control mechanism. You can read more about it in the OCF security specification which supports range of security modes of what? You mean when you're doing it blockwise? No, it doesn't that wouldn't happen because every block is acknowledged. So I think the question she asked was can co-app handle out of order reassembly if you use a blockwise transfer. And my answer was that since every block is essentially acknowledged at the same time that's one of the benefits because you're maintaining all of the state at the upper layer. So you're not going to be sending the subsequent block until the first block has been successfully transferred. So I'll sort of discuss the IOTVT constrained architecture. So based on a lot of the concerns we discussed in the previous slides these were sort of the architectural goals that we arrived at and which are all fulfilled by IOTVT constrained. It consists of a core block which is built to be cross-platform and encompasses most of its features which is the OCF protocol, resource model, application layer functionality, memory management and execution. This core block interacts with the platform specific functionality via a set of abstract interfaces. These interfaces are defined in very generic terms and illicit a specific contract from their implementations. Since the core block is the sole consumer of these interfaces the definitions of these interfaces are very simple and very limited and bounded. So this lends itself to be very easily sort of implemented on any environment and thereby IOTVT constrained can be quickly ported to and deployed on those environments. It statically allocates all memory and the size of these allocations are specified at build time and lastly it's highly modular and configurable so you can sort of cleanly exclude some features without affecting the rest of the system in your compilation. So this is the architectural diagram depiction of whatever I just spoke about. You have the core block there in the gray box which talks to these abstract interfaces. These interfaces cover only a specific sets of lower level functionality which it needs which is access to a system clock, a pseudo random number generator, the network stack for connectivity and some form of persistent storage to basically persist and retrieve credentials for supporting OCF security model. Concrete implementations of all of these interfaces is basically what we call a port and this can be built for any OS, network stack or libraries, lower level libraries. Yes. So we currently support all of these ports which are present for Zephyr, Riot, Kuntiki, Minute and even Linux and on the left you have an IOT application that runs on any one of these OSs that speaks to APIs exposed by the core block. So this is sort of a depiction of all of the constituent pieces of the core block which is sort of like zooming into the gray box from the previous slide. So on the right you have blocks that implement OCF's resource model protocol and security flows and all of those blocks interact uniformly with OS level stuff, OS specific stuff via the abstract interfaces that I spoke about. The blocks on the left perform more horizontal functions like working with OCF's the memory pools and as well as handling the internal execution of the framework. The framework executes in an event driven fashion where data has passed between internal modules via the propagation of events. The core block maintains an event queue internally of a fixed size which holds all the outstanding events that were posted by any of these modules and the events are processed by the receiving module in the order in which they were initially posted. So an application essentially needs to run an event loop and some background task in it to execute the framework. The code implementing the client and server roles are kept distinct and so that an application could choose to include either of them or both using compile time switches. And lastly the core block exposes a set of uniform APIs that an application may use. So this is a more sort of sort of internal deep dive into how the event loop executes. So essentially you have the application that runs the event loop, the OC main pole function instead of a loop and continually calls it. Every call to it processes all outstanding events at all of these internal blocks as of that time. So an application also registers a set of callbacks from the core block. So the connectivity block essentially is anticipating incoming messages over the network and when it when something arrives it passes that buffer up to either the security or messaging blocks based on depending on whether the incoming message was encrypted. The security block passes a decrypted message up to the messaging block. The messaging block sort of passes the co-app packet and sends the result up to the resource layer which ends up mapping it to OCF constructs and eventually calls back into the application to either handle a response for a client or handle a request in the case of a server. In addition the application itself can post events into the framework for processing and this might an example in which of where this might happen is in response to a hardware interrupt from a sensor. So one thing to take note of with the event loop design is that it gives the application opportunity or at least that task to enter a tickless idle mode during periods of known periods of inactivity. An application basically registers a callback which can be made to sort of wake up the task that is running the event loop. The code over here sort of illustrates a pattern by which this can be accomplished. You initially have on the top you have you can initialize a semaphore and essentially launch off the event loop. The event loop the OC main pole function returns a value which could either be which is essentially an absolute timestamp. It is either the absolute time of the next scheduled event that is known or 0 if there is none. But in either case the loop can subsequently wait on that semaphore for either that known time or until that known time for the next event or indefinitely and this callback function can be made to signal that semaphore to resume execution of the task above. The framework automatically invokes this callback when there is new work either in the form of an incoming request or if an application poster an event to be handled. And so in this way the event loop is not really running there is no work when there is when there is absolutely no activity it does not run and it just has it can just sleep and the CPU can move into a deeper sleep state. So I will now speak a little bit about porting my activity constraint to a new environment. So as I earlier mentioned the core block interacts with these set of abstract interfaces which need to be implemented for a specific port and essentially the whole task of porting the framework to a new environment boils down entirely to implementing these interfaces as everything else is OS agnostic. To give you an example here is the structure of the Zephyr adaptation where the adaptation layer that is the Zephyr port directly invokes APIs from Zephyr to access its clock, network stack, storage and some other kernel APIs and as well as a random number generator. The stack below it is a simplified stack diagram for the Zephyr OS where you have the hardware platform the above which you have the kernel and drivers and the BSP for that platform. The drivers interact with various features that we use such as the either the random number generator or storage for flash and things of that sort. It supports 802.15.4 Ethernet and Bluetooth as the layer 2 technology and on the top you have support for UDP, IPv4, IPv6 and as well as other Bluetooth host functions. And so you can once with the existence of a Zephyr adaptation layer you can write your application for Zephyr and you would compile both Iotivity constraint framework, the application and the Zephyr OS all into a single binary and which you would then flash onto your device. So, speaking getting to the interfaces themselves here is the clock interface. In order to specify this you have to specify a resolution of the clock that you would like to use. Clock is the Iotivity constraint tracks time via clock ticks and obviously higher the resolution the more precise timing that you can achieve. The interface itself consists of only the initialization of the clock and obtaining the current time which for instance on Linux you can implement using clock get time. The connectivity interface consists of implementing initialization sending a buffer to a remote endpoint sending a discovery request and like getting an assigned DTLS, assigned DTLS port and this all of the other details below these are implementation dependent. The OC message D structure it is again an abstract structure which tracks and maintains the remote endpoint information as well as the data buffer which contains your request or response. On the receive side you could basically look for incoming network traffic either through polling or via a blocking weight in a separate task. But essentially when you get your in either case when you get your an incoming message you would construct an OC message D structure and pass it up to the framework via the OC network event call. But however the OC network event call needs to be synchronized with the execution of the event loop. So in case you are calling that from a separate thread for instance if you are basically blocking on a select on socket file descriptors waiting for incoming traffic you presumably do that on a separate thread and the thread that runs the event loop. In that instance you would need to implement these functions to using the synchronization primitives of that OS that you are targeting and that would eternally synchronize the two threads and guarantee the synchronization. This is the interface to the random number generator you would you could choose to employ any seeding strategy as a part of initialization if necessary. And the framework calls OC random value to obtain an unsigned integer. This is the interface to any persistent storage that you want to support OC storage config is meant to implement some sort of an initialization function and it takes a parameter which could be some reference to an area of storage. OC storage read and write should implement as a part of the contract and defined specified by this interface it needs to implement access to a key value store because the framework internally just reads from and writes to keys. So I will move on to walk through a few application code samples to give you a sense of the APIs. So typically an application in itivity constraint consists of a series of implementing a series of callbacks. You have an initialization callback which is needs to be present in all applications. You have a callback for defining a registering resources which you would do on a server application. You would need to implement resource handlers for all over all supported methods on those resources in server applications. You would need to implement response handlers to all issued requests in client applications and you would also you could choose to define an entry point for issuing requests in your client which is invoked shortly after initialization. You have to of course run the main loop the event loop in your in some background task in your application. And you also need to configure a set of parameters to fit the needs of your application in this file config.h at build time. For which return values for I think I mean as far as the protocol is concerned it does define some values that you need to return but it doesn't really get into implementation details. I think that you would consider an implementation detail is outside of the scope of the spec. I think the spec really covers more sort of at the co-app level. So this is sort of the background task in your application where you would initialize stuff. This could very well be your main function. So you would create an OC handler t structure and populate it with the initialization resource registration and the event loop signaling callback. This structure is then passed to OC main in it to do the initialization and upon successful initialization you would launch the event loop. This is an example of an initialization callback where you would in typically you would be expected to populate the platform and device resources which as I mentioned at the beginning of the stock are two well-known resources and expose metadata on the operating system from where an OCF spec versioning information. But you could also use this callback to do any hardware specific initialization depending on your deployment. Here's the resource registration callback where you can see that we're defining a new resource with URI slash light resource type core dot light. It supports the get method and sets a resource handler get underscore light that's the callback for the get method. It's also marked as observable so it supports the observe operation. This is an example of the get light resource handler which is called whenever the server application has received a get request to that particular resource. If this callback, so the client is free to pass in query parameters along with your request much like you would do on HTTP and if resource handler accepts queries it can read them over here using the API. But basically the semantics of the get method is that it has to return a representation of that resource which is precisely what I'm showing here. In this case it consists of an object which is a map with two properties state and brightness level and that's being encoded and returned here in this function. Activity constraint has macros which you see here that you could use to encode your representations. So to do resource discovery on the client side at the line at the top shows you an example of how you're discovering all resources of type OICR.light and sets a response handler to the discovery request, which is discovery and so essentially at this point it sends off the multicast request with appropriate serialization and the discovery callback is called for every discovered resource overall responses that come back to the framework on the receiving end. So inside of the discovery callback you know that it's called because you asked for resources of that resource type that's something that you're expecting and so you would make a copy of the server handle which contains information about the remote endpoint that hosts this resource as well as its URI because you would use this information subsequently to issue a request to that resource which we do right here. So now that we have the server handle and URI we use the OC do get function to issue a request to the light resource and in this case we also pass in a query parameter units to basically select the desired units values in the representation that it returns and we also set a response handler here get light on the client side to process the response from the server. So in the get light response handler basically the framework when it receives a response it passes the payload and then creates an OC rep T structure which gets handed into this function. This is a structure that the application can simply walk through in this fashion to retrieve all of the key value pairs contained in the representation which is what you see here. So I spoke about the framework configuration. So these are some of the parameters that you would configure to suit your needs. So you would have to set the number of application resources that you want to support that you are supporting in your application. Number of request response buffers which has which impacts the number of requests that you can concurrently handle. The payload sizes, empty size if you want to support block wise transfers and DTL is related parameters. So this is something that you specify at the time to match your specific application. So once you've written out your application and as well as set all of your parameters in the configuration you need to build it using your target OS's build system. Taking Zephyr as an example you would use Zephyr's build system which is based on Kconfig. You could either specify a config file containing all of the OS configuration parameters or you could use its menu config interface to do that. These are some parameters that you would certainly have to specify at least the ones that are highlighted like the stack size of the main thread, the implementation of some implementation of the random number generator, the number of network contexts which is really Zephyr's implementation of a socket, number of send receive buffers and data sizes in the network stack and the network transport and layer 2 options that you see. If you want to support 6-lop and adaptation layer as well as the header compression scheme that's something you could choose to add. If you are using Bluetooth you could select from among the host options like the central peripheral roles one of them. This is again something interesting that you can do with Zephyr which I thought I'd point out. So the Zephyr's network stack has an implementation of RFC 7668 which is transporting IPv6 traffic over Bluetooth low energy. The mechanisms by which this is accomplished is fully documented by Bluetooth in the internet protocol support profile IPSP. So basically you can since as Zephyr supports this you can build an iotivity constrained server application as a 6-low node using these options that's 6-low IP header compression, the Bluetooth peripheral mode and L2CAP connection oriented channels which would result in a 6-low node type device and Zephyr also includes a sample implementation of the IP support service which is again something that's specified in the IPSP and something that you need to use to establish a connection with from the master that's the central. This is actually supported and something you can try out today on the Arduino 101. Yes, I'm not sure how to quantify that I mean I've actually run samples that we have so so I think the question he asked was okay once we have all of this built up and running on an Arduino 101 how many resources do we have left over for the application right. I mean I don't have the numbers with me right now but I think we I think based on what I remember I was kind of approaching the RAM limits on the Arduino 101 was the time but but yeah but you can test this out and this works on Linux you can use to Linux as a as a central device and you can use this effort documentation to for instructions on how you how you both set up your Arduino 101 as well as establishing a connection on the Linux side. So in conclusion I mean the project is progressing steadily there is growing interest in the community as well as prospective OCF windows who are looking to use it we are still tracking hoping to achieve full OCF spec compliance we are pretty close as it is we are looking to participate in an upcoming OCF plug-fest to put it through a series of interop tests. Something that I had mentioned earlier on in the talk was about defining a constrained device profile with an extending the OCF standard to support that and we are looking to use this implementation to actually run a series of experiments and to aid in coming up with that definition we hope to work with OCF's industrial and healthcare task groups to understand you know where they are heading in terms of direction and looking to see if we could do any sort of prototyping with an IATVT constraint to support those verticals and lastly we are also looking to add additional higher higher layer higher level components anything which is of utility such as you know like maybe interacting with the third with the third party services and we could have them reside in the project as many libraries which an application could use and as always we very much look forward to you know community involvement and more contributions and I think there are there might be opportunities to further optimize some of the core blocks so that was my talk and you can you can get the that's the pointer to the source in the mailing list and you can contact me if you have any questions yeah any questions yeah so for any operating you know system like that you know because for example there's this concept of packages you know which is basically like an external right so the minute port and specific was done by contributed by runtime.io and actually so they have a fork of the project on their repository and they will be upstreaming it at some point soon so I don't know that specific question but for any other yeah but I mean I I don't I don't see anything particularly limiting in the design of the framework itself that would prevent you from doing that if you have had infrastructure to support what you're suggesting. So you're saying that okay if you were to issue a discovery request and you get back a series of responses right well I define at build time the number of resources that I I expose as a server but I don't define how many resources I receive and it's I'm at liberty as a client application to decide how many resources I want to review but the discovery request itself is has a lifetime of I don't know a few seconds within which you receive all the responses that you receive and right I mean yeah on the client side where you actually issue discovery requests and process these responses you're at liberty to decide so you wouldn't be processing any more than you've already accounted for up front right yeah exactly so yeah so like in that example we ask for a specific resource type and that's the way to actually do it any other questions yeah so over Bluetooth at least for GAT it essentially does a series of unicosts by by connecting yes so actually for GAT we are defined GAT profile and a GAT service with a specific UUID for OCF and so those connections are essentially when you want to discover you would have and the server side is advertising and you establish that connection and then you actually you transport co-app directly on that on your le link and the server side responds if there's a matching resource yes it takes care of that exactly any other questions


The following is a presentation of TFNN. The Tiger Technician Hour. With your host, Basil Chapman. Call now, toll free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Now, Basil Chapman. Hi everyone, Basil Chapman, Early Bird Special. This is 8.06 in the morning. Usually it's 12.06 in the afternoon. This will be recorded. I'm doing half an hour. And we've got the Dow yesterday closed at 29,232. The futures at this particular moment are up 89 at 29,300. That's a good sign. When I did my webinar last Thursday evening for my subscribers, you can go to the front page of TFNN. You'll be able to check it out. If you want to try my opening call newsletter for a month, you'll be able to get that webinar. But I discussed exactly how, where there is a dark cloud cover, news cover, that is not the candle, but the news cover, how the market response is so important. Look at this. We've got just yesterday, we had Apple down sharply. We had the coronavirus. But the market just kind of shrugged it off in a certain way. And today it's up. And that's what you want to see. That's a good response in the market to dark cloud news cover. So up 88 in the futures, the E-mini, ESH 20, yesterday the S&P closed at 3370.29. The futures up 975 at 3379. This is going to be very interesting because the NQ, the QQQ, the NDX100 trading vehicle, had a really good session yesterday. The high on the 17th, that was to be Friday. Friday was on the NQ was 9687.50. The following day it's 9687.50, same thing. And yesterday, today's high so far is 986.00. I mean, that's incredible, right? Look at the QQQ, the Q's, the NDX100 trading vehicle. Trading right now. Let me just get rid of this moment right there. Traded up on Friday to 234.93. Yesterday it went to 234.86. That made a peak C. Sorry, that was Thursday. Friday it had a lower high. And yesterday it had a higher high by a fraction, 235.70. But it's trading right now pre-market at 235.80. So this is leg D. So all the others are only at a B or a C. This, in fact, is in leg D. It's a little extended in the chapter in the Chapman Wave methodology. Hey, wait a minute. The IWM even had a rally yesterday off the load, hit the 14-period exponential, moving average in the daily, and then running sharply higher. And now it's up .54 at 168.08 pre-market. That is, this is at 8.09 in the morning. We'll see what happens at 9.30 when the market opens. Because this is a good response to possibly negative news. Okay. What happens to the gold? Gold had a really good session yesterday. It's up again today, 7.5 at 16.11.1. Up 7.5. So this is getting closer and closer. Look, look, look. Let me just squeeze this to the 16, 18.9 high that was made. I didn't even put the date because I don't think we'd get this in quickly. On the 8th of January, very nice response. Now the question is, is this an E or is this a C? C says you should go to D. I'm calling it a C. The magnitude crossed positive. So Castic is at 77%, not 80%, but still very good. Volume balance volume is very strong. So gold is acting very nicely and it's acting in response to perhaps world tension in terms of the coronavirus. I don't know what it is, but it's acting very well. That's all you need to say. And look at the weekly chart. The weekly chart had a candle that suggested at best it should make a rectangle formation. That's exactly what it's done. If it climbs into the 1620s, that's kind of a breakout. That increases the monthly chart to a leg decontinuation into February. It means that you can't get a peak D until March. So far this is very good action. Now let's go to the dollar. The dollar was holding extremely well. Should have a little bit of a pullback. Now with up three ticks at 99.48, I'm wondering if there's not going to be some kind of little dogy candle right here. And then we get some kind of consolidation in the dollar if gold is going to continue higher. But this is a spectacular move for the dollar. Since it made a low of 97.35, back on the 31st, remember the ugly 600 point down day, coronavirus day, Friday, January 31st. Since then it's had 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. 13 higher highs, one red candle, still with a higher high. Has it made a peak? This is a single leg A or an F to the upside. But I would have said it's probably an F if you're looking at the technicals. And I looked at the technicals. Well, the stochastic is at 98.24. You never get to 100. 99.80 maybe is the most I've ever seen. I know 99.50 outside. I don't know if I've seen it even higher than that. So this is within 1.76 of 100%, which it never gets to. But flat, flat is good. So that says the dollar is the currency of import. This is the one that's most important at this particular time. And it remains so. And this is very good action. And then if you look at the euro, EUR, USD, the euro is trying to form some kind of a base in a leg after the downside. Can it? Well, it's got two weeks in which to get back to the arch formation of the, you know, the Japanese methodology. The week of the 4th of October, 1.08792 was the low. And it's trading right now at 1.07994. Is that correct? Am I correct? 1.87. Yeah. And now it's at 1.79. Yeah. Not very good action. And the USDJPY, the Japanese yen, holding OK, not doing so great. Oh, yesterday it was doing so great. Today it's a big move up, 110.51. I was wondering why I didn't do that yesterday. Did it today. Leg C to the upside. Nope, nope, nope. Don't say that too quickly. This is A, B. Yep, leg C. Double C to the upside. Very good. Acting well. Yes, your rectangle formation, just as we had in gold. Let's see if it goes to the upper part of the rectangle formation. Let's see if we can get to the 111s. All right. I want you to look at a question about collated. Well, let's look at platinum. Platinum strong move up, up 18 at 1,012. This is leg A. This is leg B in the daily, the monthly chart. Sorry, the weekly chart went nicely over the 200-period moving average to a PT. Pull back to the 14-period moving average. Now it's way above the 200. This is good action. And leg D in the monthly chart is still intact. And that makes the 1,003 to 999 the support. The Palladium. Let me just look at Palladium, P-A-L-L. Yep, this is also breaking to the upside. Very strong move, 246-40, up 12, 258.99 right now. I'll be right back. If you're not currently using the Taz Profile Scanner when looking at setting up your trading opportunities, then your arsenal is short a mighty weapon. The Taz Profile Scanner is a standalone piece of software that instantly filters over 2,500 global financial markets such as stocks, ETFs, commodity firms, and all of that. 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Internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Hi folks, so High Grade Copper is at 2.60. It's down a fraction. It hasn't really been running all that well. But if you're looking to nationally Wood, which is the eye shares of the global timber and forestry ETF, let me just type it in here. WOD has had a really nice rally off its lows back in the 52 area. It's right up to about 66. It's trading right now at 64.13. It's a good sign that it's starting to show some signs. This is global, right? So together with Copper, I want to see Copper running strongly. So the question that Dennis had put was, but why is Platinum Palladium shooting up? Inflation is showing, question mark. So this is exactly a point that I've been just pondering over the last couple of days over the weekend. For a while actually, but certainly over, yeah, last night especially. And I was thinking, how will inflation show itself? Would it be just in one little area? Would it be a whole bunch of things come together? Would it be something that we're not really looking at? All of a sudden we say, hey, wait a minute, there's a lot of inflation here. Well, does it go through, is gold telling us there's some kind of inflation or is gold now more a fear hedge about just the global, with the coronavirus that's slowing down of the economies, et cetera? Is that a possibility? The fact that Palladium and Platinum are rallying, that's a good commodity sign. The fact that we are looking at yields so low says, no, this is not real. Inflation goes, I think inflation goes straight to yields. That's, for me, that's the inflection point. You can see it in other areas, but it really is shown when you start to see yields start to move quite sharply high, much sharper than the average that has been at for a long time. So that's got a long way to go. The other thing is the commodities. If you look at the dollar TRCCI, which is the, this is the Reuters, it's actually Thomson Reuters Equal Way to Commodity Index, and that's trading up six right now at 409. This is a nice leg B, but it's coming off a low back in the 394 area. It had a low back. Well, first of all, the high that was made was back in, this is an important high that was made back in May of 2018, up at 443. It was even higher than that, but I'm talking about the last high. Then it plummets down to the August of 2019 though, of 374, that's a big move. But then it has a beautiful rally and it goes all the way to 424. That was at a peak D in the Chapman Wave on the 3rd of January. Then it pulls back to, these are big moves to the commodities, down to the 394 area, announced at 407, running strongly. So I think what we're looking at is that the commodity sector is starting to show some signs of buying pressure. Let's call it buying rather than selling pressure over and over and over. I think we're now seeing some signs of buying pressure. That's important. If you look at these soft commodities, look at this wheat, that's wheat. Down 7 today after a really strong move yesterday at 5, let's go to 560. It's just stuck in the lower part of the range. It needs to get to 576. If you look at soybean, soybean, this is a continuous contract. Down today, down 6.5, at 885. It was looking good. It got stuck. I said it's stuck in a little bit of a range here. It needs to get to the 903, 903 area to say, hey, I'm going to run you further. It's now stuck in the low range. And corn is just stuck in the range at 381. It just hasn't gone anywhere. It's stuck between 384 and, say, 376 for now. So that part of it says nothing much to see here. So at some point, we're going to see a yield scare. That might not be the actual big move in yields later. I think in 2021, kind of my thinking right now, that's when we start to see yields move in the upward direction and don't consolidate. They just keep moving in a stair step fashion. That's my thinking at this particular point. I think we have to wait until then, or maybe later in the year. So let's get that. And let's look at Crude Oil. Crude Oil right now is trading at, oh, that's up 77. There's another inflationary thing. Trading down in the 50s. Nothing to see here. Starts to get to the 68.72 area. That's completely different. Will it do that? I'm just wondering if later in the summer, there isn't a chance for Crude Oil to spike higher. I just, at this point, I don't see all that much. And if you're looking at TLT, so that is yields. This is a T bond down 21 at 145.33. I spend a little time on this saying, is this going to be a new leg B to the upside or all the E? I'm going to give it another day because the magnia hasn't crossed positive yet. The stochastic down at 57. There's room to go to the upside, but at the same time, this is not showing technical support. It's showing price appreciation. And you've got the cup formation. My target is the 149 area at some point in the next month or two. But at this particular stage, this is how it goes step by step, putting back just a little bit off their big move yesterday. So what did we say? Yes. So that, probably in the den says, 9,946 on the continuous contract I got on the dollar. Just holding on. I think it's very close to at least a bit of a pullback, but look at the weekly chart. 84% really strong move in the stochastic. The weekly chart. Look at the difference. I've always wondered, what's, it's a differential, but what, it's not a beta or theta. I don't know what it's called. I keep trying to find out what is it when you get a very wide distance between the exponential moving averages in the MACD. There must be a name for it. Wide. Very wide. All right. I prefer one word, but two words is fine. Very wide. And that's usually a big boost to the upside. And it says, you've got a lot of support now on the dollar in the 9881 to 9830 area over the next two, three weeks if there's a bit of a pullback in the dollar. Now, the next thing I want you to look at is I did that, did that, did that. Yeah. Look at the estimators. Up 2.21 pre-market at 150.64. Made an all-time high of 152.62. I keep talking to a couple of people and looking online and reading about the semis. And the billings are not that great. And yet the price is the way, this is like the dark cloud news cover. You've got a dark cloud news cover on the fundamentals in semiconductors. And yet look at the performance holding so beautifully. And look at applied materials, applied materials. I'm calling this an E for now, but wow. 66.30 pre-market. Maybe that's an E slash B. I better be conservative and call it an E slash B because they do not let go. And as long as you've got, you've got buying pressure in the semiconductor area, I think that's going to be good for the market. And I do believe that based on the Chapman wave methodology, let me do this now, that we should get a leg C above 29.568 in the Dow for leg C. And then there should still be a Dean if there's a buy mode, which I believe there is. The S&P should go above 33.85.09 for leg C. It's less than the Dow to make the new all-time high. The QQQ's have already gone to a leg D, so they're already there. And look at the New York Stock Exchange, NYA.X, there we go. The New York Stock Exchange needs to get really above 14,183 to break out to a leg C in the weekly chart. So, oh, this is it. You're going to go to Tommy O'Brien, Tommy's going to do his show. He does a fantastic job. Half an hour coming up, 8.30 to 9 o'clock. Then, of course, you've got Larry Pasovento, and my show will be recorded today. I'll be back regular time.


Grandpa had more organic matter than you do. All tillage tools destroy soil structure. All tillage tools decrease water infiltration. All tillage tools reduce organic matter. All tillage tools increase weeds. 27,000 gallons of water with 1% organic matter and 6 inches of soil. That's a fourth of an inch of water. If we can increase the organic matter by 4%, we put in an extra inch in the top six inches and extra two inches in the top foot. Grandpa had more organic matter than you do.


What's up everyone? It's your girl Kenty here from Leighton Sports Cards, and I am ripping a personal here for Peter M We've got a 2022 top Star Wars chrome galaxy hobby. Good luck Peter. Thanks for your order First galaxy we ripped for Joshua was pretty darn good Let's see what we can get you Baka base got sketch variation refractor a Lay organa and her bush disguise is a shadow of dark lord And we've got green auto of Toro Calli-suit Cal Calis calicum calicum That is Jake kind of all Can avail? Nice numbered auto nice Yoda on the concept art refractor Greedo echo refractor Vintage vintage Star Wars car refractor is po dameron refractor Wedge and tillies in battle. We got purple here. Wow Purple R2-D2 16 of 24. Wow. That is a beautiful looking card. It hit congrats Peter We'll mag that one for you. Wow You got the gameplay galaxy art refractor Yeah, that is a big card That is so cool Just pops to Man galaxy has been a pretty hot for us today Cantillon cantillion refractor dark turn for Anakin Skywalker and orange. Oh my gosh. What is this box? What is this box? refractor aboard the bridge and Orange vintage Star Wars card two of 25 Wow purple and orange in one box.  This is cool. I like that one Yoda on Dag Dagobah Refractor so for 800. Oh, wow There's definitely a market nowadays for Star Wars. You got the vintage gameplay refractor Another we a organa and her disguise Are 2d to a little bit of a scratch down here at the bottom of that one. You can see maybe a print line Through the top of that Refractor of the shadow of the Dark Lord last pack here for you Peter Gosh what a box refractor echo and base Alrighty Peter that will do it for your box. Congrats again on those hits. Let me show them to you And we had the wookies nine of ten Wookies wrath. Yeah, the orange to 25 vintage Star Wars card and Then the purple R2 D2 huge card. There's 16 out of 25. Congrats again. Thanks so much We'll get these right out to you


Hello, hello, happy Wednesday already. The reason it's Wednesday already is because Monday was President's Day and Tuesday I am actually observing my long-term substitute teacher, the lady I'm gonna do the long-term sub for. So I was observing her this week, which meant that I honestly didn't have time to sit down and film. I could have done it at home, but I honestly really didn't have that much information to tell you guys anyways. So yeah. But anyways, I observed yesterday and then this morning we had just kind of started the morning and then the principal came in and was like, hey, we don't have a sub in third grade. Can we have you sub today since you're already here and all that stuff. So of course when the principal asks you to sub you say yes and it turned out to be a fabulous day. So I really enjoyed it a lot. So it was fun and we did just quick. We did we they used this handwriting book and we just focused on like different strokes that you can use. We went to the computer lab and used IXL. Oh, we focused a lot and I'll show you the question. So it was really asking the kids like why is why are the illustrations important and it was just really interesting to see like I don't know they just got so cut up in it and like they really wanted to do good and can I get real with you guys like I it makes me a little bit sad when like I had two girls who were freaking out because they wanted to do a good job and they were worried that their teacher was gonna be mad on a pre-test like quick write super simple and they were worried they were like one was crying because she was like my teacher is gonna be mad because I don't know how to answer this question and I don't like here's the hard part I don't know if it's like the teacher and I don't know maybe she's just like kind of strict and harsh and like doesn't want you to just like leave your paper blank or like right I don't know but like and I was telling these girls you know what there are more important things to stress about in the world like this is and for lack of better words right now obviously I didn't tell the kids that but like this is point like there's nothing about this that's like overly important right now anyways I'm starting to ramble but it just hurts my teacher heart and I just love kids so much and I love teaching them and I love just having fun like no wonder our kids are so serious and have like I don't know I just like to have fun I like to joke with the kids I like to play games and that's just who I am and that's the kind of teacher that I want to be and that I love being every single day with these kids and it's great so yeah I'll show you guys the things that we a couple things that we did today so here they have things that the kids have mastered so their names are up there these little b things and then they have things that they've mastered which I think is a really cute idea otherwise it was a good day and I probably won't talk tomorrow just because I am observing again I'm doing a break out so maybe I'll try to like video a little bit of that and show you guys but otherwise I'll be in fifth grade on Friday and then we start next week so I will go ahead and catch you guys on Friday happy Friday everybody I'm actually at the end of the day and it was pretty good I was with the fifth graders today and it was it was really easy so I can't complain about that and a couple of the things that we did they were learning about simple machines right now so they read all these books about machines and one of the things we read was called the marvelous thing that came from a spring and it just talks about how the slinky came into being so that was kind of fun to read about that and kind of talk about how that came into being and everything like that so it's really fun so here are some of those machine books that I was talking about forces and motion energy movement pulleys spring and like just how the body moves how the bike moves there's one that actually says simple machines cranes levers and all of that stuff so this is what they're reading about so they just use that time to read and I think they have like not very much time for science because they incorporate that in through reading these different books another thing that I saw today that I really really liked was they have a thing called Friday writing so they have a partner and they write about anything that they want they talk with their partner they can type it up and it's a really fun time that they can be really engaged in their writing and just enjoy what they're writing about because they get to choose it so I saw some kids writing about a story where a child was trying to escape an orphanage and another group was adding some Spanish words in and how a family was immigrating during World War two from Europe over to the United States like just incredible ideas that are awesome and that the kids get to explore in their writing and I think it was a really amazing chance for them to just like be excited about their writing and choose any topic that they want and then a game idea for you guys they were playing something called unfair silent ball so it's basically the idea of silent ball but then there's an unfair factor about it so all the kids sit on their desks and I'll show you the little clip that I have and then the teacher will call out names when kids get out and they have to go sit in their chairs but when that kid gets out the teacher also pulls another stick of another kid and they have to be out too so it's that unfair factor and then when two people get out so like after that first group then another person gets out after that then they pull a stick for someone to come back into the game so it was interesting I've never seen that but it's silent ball silent ball is always fun because it's quiet but the kids enjoy a lot too so there's an idea for you guys especially with the older kids just kind of adding that like unfair factor into the mix alright so just lastly before I end the vlog for this week I just wanted to share kind of how the whole long-term sub stuff how that's all working out so I went to observe for two days this week and I just wrote down lots of notes their system is a little bit different than the last long-term sub I was in because they do units and they do readers and writers workshop and then they have a math workshop here and they don't use they use like standards but they don't have a curriculum so but they have like a district a district unit plan so I'm gonna have to teach a unit on the human body and like I said with the simple machines here there's also with a human body in the fourth grade class I'm going to have the kids read different stories about the or different nonfiction texts about the human body they're going to make a little display and then in writing they spend time writing so the readers workshop and writers workshop are very similar where you have a mini lesson so for reading that's usually reading some kind of text especially like a mentor text that the kids can use for their own study so you read a text you talk about it and then that lasts usually about 15 minutes then they get around 20 to 30 minutes to read one of the books in the unit and then you come back for about 10 minutes to share what you learned or what you saw in the story depending on what's in that unit and then writers workshop is very similar you do a mini lesson on writing you let the kids write for 20 to 30 minutes and then you come back and share so that's going to be different for me because I won't be used to that and a lot of it's very student centered so you're spending time working with the students and you can't really plan out long term because you have to kind of base what you're going to teach the next day based on how that day went so she's like I can't really plan for you but I can try to help prepare you so that is something to expect for me a lot more planning and thinking ahead instead of just reading over the curriculum the curriculum book so a couple updates I finished my teachers on call paperwork which I noticed that this school district and the other school district have different spring breaks I don't have any plans for spring break so I might try to then work over spring break in the other district while this district is on spring break and then I signed my HR paperwork it looks like I'll be making about 20 30 more dollars a day so it's not crazy a lot but that's about $200 more a month or $200 more a week so yeah just kind of an update on kind of what that looks like and yeah so that's kind of how things are going I don't know how much I'm going to be filming in the classroom I don't know because it's just like because it's longer term and I just don't know all of the like requirements for that so I might do things like this where I'm just talking to you guys or showing you some of my planning at home so I'll try to do more of that rather than actually in the classroom showing you things so yeah I'm gonna end there I rambled for a really long time and I'm sorry about that and I hope you guys have a fabulous weekend and I can't wait to talk to you guys next week and I'm really excited for this long term sub to start the kids loved my breakout yesterday and like even a kid started crying I think I told you guys a little bit about that but like a kid started crying because he didn't get to do it and the other kids were like oh when are you gonna bring it back and things like that so I'm super excited and I'll go ahead and catch you guys next week thanks so much for watching whoa thanks so much for watching guys bye bye see you next time


Boris, nice win against Stefanova. Tell us about the game. Well, the game went quite smoothly for me. She tried to surprise me with some opening because normally she plays Slav. But more or less I think I played well, I developed pieces well, played some fine moves. And then, okay, I got control in the center and became difficult for her to play. And then, okay, she tried to get counterplay but it backfired. Do you think 9-8-5 was the move where everything went wrong for Black? No, maybe it's already difficult position. Well, I think 9-8-5 is the only idea for Black to get counterplay but it backfired there. Right, and now you're on 7 points. We've got David Anton, who's the sole leader at 7.5 at the moment. How do you feel going into the last round? What are your thoughts? Well, it's quite a good position so let's see whom I would play and I would try to do my best tomorrow. Try to play well. We wish you all the best and hope to have you back. Thank you, thank you. Thank you, Boris.


Your coca-cola bottler presents Claudia based on the famous play and novels by rose franken Brought to you transcribed Monday through Friday by your friendly neighbor who bottles coca-cola Relax and while you're listening refresh yourself have a coke and now Claudia You Like the way I sing all right, you think you can do better go ahead Now you admit it you can't I must say I don't blame loss at all. I can't hear myself think do you want to I'm balancing my budget need help Are you siding with that dog against my boy, I am Here how'd you like a glass of milk that'll keep you quiet. No, thanks. We just finished dinner an hour ago That's not just finished Sure, you don't want to know your habit. No go away with it. I wouldn't dream of depriving you of it Well, if you insist I drink it all Down to the last drop. I don't know why I have to drink all the milk when half our future child is yours Mine is the half that doesn't need milk David what there? Nothing Anything wrong you look serious. Do I finished with the checkbook? I'm finished. All right Put that book you're reading move over. I'll read it with you. You wouldn't like it move over Let me see I said you wouldn't like it. What's it about? How do you know I wouldn't like it light weight aggregates? Oh Fascinating. Who are they? Nobody you'd know. Oh Lightweight aggregates are building material. How nice of them. Now, let's see their various kinds Way like the haydike and cinders But they each have certain natural qualities that make them Are you you're still fascinated move over anyway? All right, I moved over. I do know you don't want to read anymore. You couldn't be wrong. Oh But since you are not interested in lightweight aggregates, I'll postpone them till the train tomorrow morning Don't do me any favors. There's one you can do for me. What? Stop frowning. Who's frowning you frowned all through dinner. Oh, I didn't know this darling Are you sure you're feeling all right? Of course? I never felt better. You're being honest. I am only dishonest when it doesn't matter You have no moral sense, Mrs. No, I know isn't it wonderful David there's one now one what a frown. Oh, I didn't mean to interrupt darling. What are you going to say? How's the freight terminal coming? Come clean now, what's on your mind? Oh Nothing seems to me you'd better start sharing that burden. That's what the husbands are for you know there for a great many things All of them nice like sugar and spice Now don't change the set. All right since you're so nosy I spent all day as well as all evening adding what? What does one usually add? Oh? Many number of number of things is right. I added lots of bills David, I don't think you have any idea how much our lots of bills add up to I have a reasonably good idea Do you realize that right now our income is smaller than our outcome? Out go What'd you say? Skip it. Yes, I realize it Trouble is it doesn't seem to be anywhere around it, but David is all wrong That is a masterpiece of understatement. I look I was figuring out how much money we have left. It's only eleven hundred and Thirty-three dollars and the carpenters are crossing twice as much as they estimated twice as much. Well, that's what they said to me today Hey, I certainly hope they take twice as long with a new wing as they plan to take I thought you were in such a hurry to get them out of the house Well, you see the longer they take the longer it'll be before we have to pay them and the longer they take the more money It'll cost oh But are you sure darling that we only have eleven hundred dollars left in the bank positive? I added it three times Because of the carpenters extra cost. I'm afraid we won't have half that much when we get through darling Sounds less every time you mention it is less every time we met where where did it all go? house 80 acres cost 10,000 that used to sound so much Now it sounds like the cheapest thing about it still it was more than I wanted to spend no wonder that after buying the house We didn't have any money left for the alterations David no matter what let's not buy any more mortgage. No one mortgage is enough. Thank you certainly Besides the interest on the forty five hundred dollar mortgage. We have is as much as we can carry I don't think we can even carry that at least not very far 3900 on alteration We've got eleven hundred dollars left in the bank counting the carpenters only six plus two sticks of furniture in the house empty barn feels the plow and a baby on the way I've really managed very well haven't I David what do you mean? I spent all of our capital in one fell swoop Got ourselves obligated with the interest payments on a mortgage put everything we had into a house Which is getting to be more than we can really afford who says we can't afford it Cheaper than renting.  This house has been standing since 1760 David it can wait a little longer for us to furnish it correctly But there's no reason why you should spend your days in the living room with two chairs and a Lamp and I'm not spending my days in the living room. I'm spending them all outdoors Outdoors is beautifully furnished. Thank you more trees than I can lean on in a whole afternoon I don't know. I'd hope that the alterations could have been completed for about $2,000. Then we'd have a couple of thousand left but with prices these days. Oh who wants a couple of thousand dollars? We do we do for a rainy day. Summer's coming. I told you I like having no furniture makes the rooms feel big You like it. I know you're just itching to dig your fingers into some of these Connecticut antique stores This is well, I can't I'm not supposed to drive around a lot You'll be good to itch another two months. I know it feels so good when you stop As a matter of fact David, I'm I'm glad we aren't getting everything all at once I mean furniture house all the rations Mortgage and everything this way I can get used to them one at a time much better you You forgot something what the baby Just like everything else one at a time. I think we've bitten off more than we can chew That's a fine way to talk about the future heir of the Norton fortune I am talking about the present pop of the future heir to the Norton debt We haven't any debts at least none we can't afford. We will have it our present rate of speed darling Do you realize how much it costs to have a baby? I think it's an outrage. So do I when you consider that everybody gets born at one time or another $300 seems like an awful lot of money. That's only the beginning. That's that's merely dr. Rollinsby There'll be the hospital and the nurses. I'm not going to have any nurses. I hope not after the first five days And that's all I'm going to be in the hospital five days. You're awfully sure of yourself, aren't you? Am I? I wish I were sure it'd be a simple So here we are clever young Norton's be especially clever David Norton With $600 in the bag don't go through that depressing list again I've been going through it all day and one thing I have decided we are not going to have a maid That's the one thing I've decided we are going to have why do I have a name because you called up the agency And she's coming tomorrow. Oh, we'll be able to afford her. You don't have to worry Then of course there's a freight terminal you and Roger are designing will be ripped when it's all done How's it coming as well as can be expected? Oh Those things take time Of course they do enormous undertaking can't expect it have it work out overnight. Well, don't you worry about it?  I'll bet you don't worry at all You're just saying that that's right. Just trying to be polite. Oh you first you're nice then you're nasty So undependent everything's independent Well, it looks like we won't be buying that cow this year planning the field We will stop the barn the first thing after we stop the nursery That's the money saved up and the furniture bought no first the cow. No, no, I don't want a cow I decided I don't want who are you fooling? I see a cow in your eye Farm is not a farm without a cow Farm is what we bought. I hope so. I know so. No, this isn't getting us any place Next time I won't try to do so much with so little. Oh Goodness, I'm sleepy Talking about money always makes me sleepy Come on up to bed. I'll turn out the light. I'll lock the front door. Oh, you got your pipe Then my pocket that is in yours. Oh There went the light Wonder if it's warm off look and see Is one Guys off the bed. Don't do it. Don't step on the steps They listen to all the frogs Hey, don't they ever sleep? They surely sleep.   You're living in the country You're alone all day and We're pretty broke maybe Maybe we rushed too much What do you mean? Maybe you'd rather be back in New York With an easy apartment to keep going to the theater. Oh David. No That isn't what I want Being together is important That's all you're not just saying that but just add up all the things we have. We have a beautiful house Henson great day silly old cat a walnut tree with acres and acres of land Don't forget our brook the barn We have a baby coming and a room ready for him where the sun shines in the morning We have starlight Years of time ahead David we have each other Darling, we have no money in the band, but we're millionaires When you're at the grocers placing your order, you'll hear one woman say a carton of coke Please while another will say a carton of coca-cola, please Coke or coca-cola. It doesn't matter ask for it either way Both names mean the same thing and identify the product of the coca-cola company Both are registered trademarks of the coca-cola company. Well, I guess money isn't everything after all Joe It better not be that's all I can say. How well I know what you mean. Oh, by the way I hope that new mate of yours works out tomorrow David Man, I hope so too. I'd like to get settled with one. Do you have any idea of what she's going to be like? Oh, I wish I knew even that's not important though Now the important thing is for her to like the job and stay right you are keep your fingers crossed Joe Bye David As I was about to say every day Monday through Friday Claudia comes to you transcribed with the best wishes of your friendly neighbor who bottles coca-cola So listen again tomorrow at the same time And now this is Joe King saying au revoir and remember Whoever you are whatever you do wherever you may be When you think of refreshment think of coca-cola For coca-cola makes any pause the pause that refreshes And ice cold coca-cola is everywhere This broadcast of Claudia was supervised and directed by William Brown Maloney And now here's a word from your friendly neighbor who bottles coca-cola


When I dream about inhabiting the world in 2016, I think about the politics of radical difference. Don't mishear me. I do not mean diversity because diversity is just a code word for tolerance. I mean a world that is rooted in the politics of radical difference. A world in politics that illustrates disparate voices and bodies and relationships all entangled in a sacred togetherness. This doesn't materialize easily. It takes super hard work to live into a politics of radical difference. But I believe it is possible if we take our own differences we embody seriously and live into the future of those differences. 2016 could look really different if we can mobilize our dreams of difference. Not dreams of tolerance, but real dreams where we eradicate complacency and lean into a politics of radical difference.