Well, this is it, I guess. The very last episode of season 4 part 2 was announced today that part 3 would be coming out next year at some point. It's a little frustrating.  I think a lot of people share that sentiment. Because I'm so attached to this story, I want to see how it concludes to a certain point, and I kind of prepared myself for it concluding in this part. I don't think anybody really expected it to be in three parts. Unless they pull some craziness next year, they do like four episodes of it. Alright, part 4, see you in a year. But guys, today we have episode 87 of our Attack on Titan watch through called the Dawn of Humanity. I'm not gonna let this intro run too long because I want to get into it and see what this sort of finale-esque type episode has for us. If you're new to this channel, drop a sub, hit that big white bell so you can see future episodes. Some of that like on this one, let's just hop right into it. Last episode of the second part to the final season. Do you think she could kill him? You don't think so? I don't think so. I don't think so either. Oh, there's like a painting. Oh, did she see him? Yeah, I was about to say. Oh. Is this the life they could have had? Is this Marley? I think it is. Do we get an intro? Is there too much content for an intro? They gotta pack a whole other season. Yeah, they can afford an intro. They got the credits during the beginning. Let's see these. Wait. Wait, what? Wait, are they undercover? I'm so confused. I guess she was just seeing Eren with them, like, if only. Is that Levi? Yeah, wait, why does Levi look so good? Go scout. I can't get it. Get it? Like, they're scouts.  Oh, what's going on on the playlist apper? Yeah, wait, why does Levi look like perfectly fine? Yeah, wait, hello? I think this is all like a dream. Yeah, like what could have been? Yeah. Yeah, because Onya Kupona is with them. Yeah. Yeah, it's all just like a if only. Sasha is like, yeah, yeah. I was just about to say feels bad, man. That's why Levi is not like, yeah. This is so sad. This is like the good timeline. Them three together. Hey. Very rude. Oh, man. God damn, that looks good. Oh, she's never had ice cream. That's so cool. So they are undercover in this hypothetical dream, I guess.  Hey, they're sunny. They're like, I do not like that. Does he think Levi's is like a child? Just because Levi's so small. Got ice cream. She looks so happy. Oh, the credits are still going. It's still not about to be a whole arc. Flashback in another timeline arc. Oh, my. Oh, my. Child. I wonder if this like Aaron's mind realizing there was no way around anything like there could never be peace. That's my only guess. Like best case scenario is the worst case scenario to him. She's carrying him still. Aaron's not running. I don't think I didn't see him. Well, Ebisu looks like a painting. You got the purse. He still has it. You got Levi's. Oh, there he is. So this is like right before the rumbling. I mean, even Sasha's alive. I had to be before then as they never went to Marley in the first place. Yeah, true. They were surprised by what it looked like. I was not feeling it's going to end and it's going to show like one person was just thinking about this. Probably either Aaron or Mikasa. Yeah, probably Mikasa like Aaron doesn't really have any second thoughts. He's already going. He's committed. I haven't even seen Aaron since it started. He's looking for Levi's back away. He's actually going towards them. So Yuri. I like that conversation held a lot of weight. I just don't really understand who's who's thinking it and why it's the same looking can from Reiner and Yamir found it. I think it's the same one. It's a banger. Oh, it's like the theme song, but a different style. So wholesome. No moss. Oh, dried up. Where are they going? They're going to get bored. That's so wholesome. What a mess. Bro, his leg is over John. Russia was throwing up. Was she really? So this did happen. Oh, okay. This actually happened. Oh, yeah. Oh, okay. This is really, really long time ago. When they first left him there, when he first stayed there. Then this holds a lot more weight than this actually happened. It's not just in. Oh my God. Is that Aaron's voice? Is this in the present? The first time we're going to see him. I think it's him moving through the clouds. So you don't think Floch's dead? I mean, he got blasted. I don't assume so. Yeah, I think so too. My God, is that his story? We still don't know who the father is, right? I think we do, but I don't think he's like a major character. Important? Is to continue it? He's drastic. Yeah. She can't really do anything to stop him. It was all bound to happen. Survival. Surely not. I don't think it's any connection like that either. Is Aaron actually the father? Oh my God. Oh my God. I think Aaron is the father. So does she live? Hold the plan then. They're just waiting. Oh my God. This guy looks so pretty. Where would he go if he comes out of the clouds and we have to wait an entire year? He's going to come out of the clouds and it's going to say to be continued. It's not one more week, baby. It's one more year. I'm mentally prepared. Mentally and physically. I am, but I'm still going to hate it. Maybe we can get some action before it. They're just going to launch cannons at them. Now here they come. Won't this be like an instant annihilation though? That is beautiful. Oh my God. They're swimming? Wait, they're actually getting ripped though. Wait, how did they know they were there? I'm guessing the waves are like hella. I did not know they would swim. I thought they would just like stand. I guess the ocean is quite deep. Dude, it looks so cursed how they're swimming. How does that like make sense to like in terms of physics? Wouldn't they be moving really slowly? Oh, the clouds are moving with them. That's how they see it. Oh my goodness. Oh my. Dude, everyone at the port is seeing that like, well, well. The first line of defense or main line of defense went down in like 0.5 seconds. Oh dude. Where's Aaron? Oh my God. That is terrifying. They're just healing too. Oh my God. They don't stand a chance. Not even remotely. Kata's son are so good still. I don't want to. I don't want to. And man, I can't wait a year. They're rubbing through. They're good idea. Dude, yeah. I would too. I think that was honestly jumping the water. I'm trying to get behind them. No, because all the steam. Oh, right. It burns them alive. There's nowhere to go. There's nowhere to hide. Jesus. Oh my. Oh my God. That is so cursed. Our first actually like good look at him too. Oh man. There's no end to the cycle. Everyone. Oh my God. There's no going back. It's over. It's too late. Wait, that's this. Oh yeah. That's the intro. Oh, there's not even an outro. It's just like not seeing a year.  That was such a good episode for a setup that we're not going to get like, we're going to like hold in our sneeze. I mean, they did it last time too. Yeah. They ended with him like standing on top. Yeah. And I was like upset. But I'm like, okay. We'll get part two in a year.  But that's the same thing. Especially because the pacing was like pretty yikes at some point. Yeah. It was kind of slow.  I was like, okay, we'll get there eventually. But no, we're not. I've been told that there's only like nine chapters they need to adapt left. So the third part is probably only going to be like seven to eight episodes. I don't know, man. Like I said, it just feels like so overshadowed by the fact that we're just kind of here emotionally now. It's hard to hold in those emotions in that kind of level. I mean, week to week is hard enough. But a year apart, a year apart, I'm going to have to rewatch, I guess, this whole season again to kind of get back in that mindset. It's hard to stay in that mindset. And I understand that like, you know, I animated studios in general are overworked and whatnot. But inherently I would have rather waited longer and then just had everything at once. Does that make sense? But nonetheless, again, Banger episode to end season four part two. Got to see a lot of actually what went down before they even went to Marley or when they went to Marley the first time. And I guess a very interesting perspective from Mikasa's standpoint of how things could have changed if she had given Aaron a different answer. For some reason, she thinks that holds a lot of weight. That specific answer. So who knows, maybe it will end up holding a lot of weight if she's even able to have a conversation with Aaron at this point. I guess we'll have to find out a year from now. That's been it for Attack on Titan season four part two. What did you think of this part of the season? Let me know down in the comments below. Are you as upset as we are?  Just kind of like, oh, yeah, I mean, I'll wait. Feel free to check out my Hunter Hunter or One Piece reaction series if you are new here, but I'll catch you guys in the next one. Peace, base.


Here we go it's mark the quiz those you that did it mr. Dewick's in a grumpy mood now so I Gotta be honest with you Momentum is a unit that kids find difficult from my prior experience and my message is for those you who think you're gonna sluff You don't want to be sluffing at all Number 112 kilogram football player running with a speed of four meters per second tackles another player what impulse What's another word for impulse? Okay, we all need to know that Caitlyn what's another word for impulse change momentum So when they say impulse I'm hanging change momentum must the tackler give the other player in order to bring him a stop to a stop now There's two ways to think about change in momentum There's the actual equation that says that change in momentum is equal to force times change in time Has this question mentioned a force or a time? Nope Connor the other way to think about this is to realize what's changing anything So I think what they want us to do the change in momentum is gonna be the final momentum minus the initial momentum Our angles mentioned at all in this kid. Okay. I think we can assume everything is nice and linear. What's his final momentum? What's his final momentum? That's a number Huh? No, what's his final momentum as a number? Why how do you know zero? Because it's stop right momentum is mass final momentum is zero minus now momentum is mass times velocity So it's going to be mass times B initial is your initial momentum. It's going to be zero minus a hundred and twelve times four negative four hundred and forty eight kilogram Meters per second does the negative have to be there? Yeah, that's the impulse You have to give an impulse to cancel out the runner's initial momentum. You have to take away his momentum Okay terms of marking I would probably go Half mark for that half mark for that half mark for the numbers And a half mark for the answer To What's the magnitude of the impulse needed to change the speed of a 10 kilogram body from 20 to 12 at a time of 5 seconds? Okay, now they're talking about a time and B asks about a force now. I'm going to start out the same way the magnitude of the impulse is Going to be the change in momentum Which is going to be momentum final minus momentum initial Which is going to be mass v final mass 10 v final 12 minus mass Ten the initial 20 What do you get for a the change in momentum magnitude has to be? It's going to be negative now because I only asked for the magnitude if you didn't put the negative I won't be fussy because technically the magnitude is just how big I'll include the negative just to be fussy though 120 minus 200 you get negative 80 And I'll put a decimal for two sig figs Kilogram meters per second the answer to a is negative 80 kilogram meters per second B What force is needed now? I'm going to use the second definition of impulse Nicole the fact that impulse is Also equal to the force times the change in time Right how would I get the f by itself? Turns out the force is Going to be the impulse divided by the time Which is negative 80 divided by five seconds? And I think you'll get a force of negative 16 Newtons if you left the negative off, I won't freak out. What's the negative telling me corner? It's telling me it's in the opposite direction of the motion Is that okay? number three a Cart of mass 3.2 kilograms traveling 1.2 meters per second Clides with a stationary cart of math 1.8 both carts stick together and move off after the collision What's the final speed? Is there a collision? Then the first thing I'm going to do is I'm going to write the sum of all the initial Momentums equals the sum of all the final moment Now what well I ask are there angles involved here or is everything nice and linear? I think a cart rolling on the ground. I think Joe I can use my imagination I think that's all going to be in a nice straight line I'll let to the right be positive to the left be negative if there's a diagram or I'll let the initial be positive in the final Anyways, I think I can I don't need to bring out the sign law and the cosine law like we were doing last class Before the collision what's moving mass 1 mass 2 or both mass 1 After the collision what's moving mass 1 mass 2 or both both stuck together or separate stuck together This is going to be m1 v1 initial equals m1 plus m2 the final The final is going to be m1 v1 initial all over m1 plus m2. It's going to be 3.2 times 1.2 all divided by 3.2 plus 1.8 final velocity is going to be 3.2 times 1.2 divided by 5 I think 3.2 plus 1.8 is 5 you get point seven six eight point seven six eight meters per second Terms of part marks I give you one mark if I saw that one mark if I saw that one mark if I saw that one mark for the answer Is that two sig figs? That I'm fine Doesn't it feel good to be able to ask a question like that on a quiz? Give yourself a score please out of 10 Luckily those many of you that didn't do the quiz it's only going to cost you a 10 spot not a big chunk of marks And if you can put your name on your quiz and pass them in words, please Last day we up the level of difficulty quite a chunk and I realized it was a big chunk Can you all get out lesson six from last day, please? Lesson six from last day two-dimensional momentum Now I do find Kara these questions way more interesting because when things collide they usually do bounce off at angles This is the physics of car crashes. This is the physics of bullet billiards pool Great, and once you're there pause for a second. So that's the bonus video game back to here Kayla here's what we said as soon as we see there's angles and it's usually pretty obvious either from the picture or from the way They've described stuff We're looking at example four if you want to just kind of jog your memory I started out the same way I still wrote the sum of all the initial momentum equals some of all the final and I even still wrote the same Equation I said what's moving beforehand mass one mass two or both what's moving afterwards mass one mass two or both Did they stick together or are they separate? But then the difference Mitchell was we started delping we started drawing a picture we started doing vector math We said look draw a picture label each arrow not with its velocity Not with its mass with its momentum because it's momentum. That's conserved and then add your vectors tip to tail almost always you're gonna end up with the cosine law unless it's a lovely right angle question then Jadette it's much easier, but almost always you're gonna end up with a cosine law and Then you have to use the sine law to find an angle We're gonna come back to example five, but right now. Let's look at example six Okay, I'd like to think Trevor just glancing at example six. It's pretty obvious angles here Right the diagram pretty much gives it away Is there a collision Trevor? So first thing I'm gonna do is I'm gonna write The sum of all the initial momentum has to equal the sum of all the final momentum Normally, I'd write it down here, but I haven't feeling when I run out of a room. So I'm trying to save space Before the collisions a what's moving mass one mass two or both? Momentum of you know what let's not call it mass one and two. How about mass a and b would that make more sense based on this diagram? Yeah, so mass a initial Momentum of object a initial is what's moving Wham is a collision After the collision what's moving say mass will a mass B or both Stuck together or separate so Momentum a initial sorry initial final mr. Do it and Momentum B Final now. We're going to adult.  I Think the momentum of a initial Looks like that What magnitude will I put on this arrow? What magnitude will I put on this arrow? for mass times velocity Connor that work I don't care if you don't show if you go straight to your calculator not because I don't want you to but often the arrow is So small it gets cluttered if you write five times point eight equals four So I'm just gonna say that four kilogram meters per second equals after the collision mass a looks like this and I don't know the angle or the magnitude. In fact, this is what I'm trying to find plus Mass B looks like this And it even gives me an angle of 29 degrees right there what magnitude will be on mass B question Kayla Kayla just saying Front row is open best place to learn The call what magnitude am I gonna put on here with more specific really really Three here's the two that I'm adding together. How will I add them together Brienne draw them? Tip to tail and I also know that when I add these two it has to give me a dead horizontal line That'll help me draw the triangle. I think the triangle is gonna look like this for No, not for mr. Do it that one. You don't know. Sorry Momentum of object a final plus three Equals four. I need to find an angle in here. I need to find an angle in here Well, if this angle here is 29 degrees, I'm pretty sure that this angle here is 29 degrees So katala Don't think so Unless this ended up being 90, but I don't know I can't assume Co-sign law, you know how I know side angle side So what's the co-sign law the co-sign law says this? Momentum of object a final squared equals Four squared plus three squared minus two times four times three co-sign of the angle You get four again or no, ah Ah Whoops wrong button. Mr. Duke that's gonna scare everybody Square root this thing.  I think 2.0 kilogram meters per second Trevor here's the problem All I found is a momentum What did the question want me to find the final what the word before that the final what? Velocity if I know momentum, how can I find velocity? I Agree it's gonna be two divided by five The final velocity is gonna be point four zero meters per second at Now I need a direction Well, here's my vector Conor can you see it's starting from down here? I think my angle that I want is this my direction is gonna be What of what? You know what I better put a compass on there. Hey, what is that gonna be what of what? West of north? Let's see here's north. There's west of north That makes sense So which one is this one? I guess north of west Yes, okay, so you know what I'll even be clever leave a space and go north of West East sorry east where'd the west come from there east That's why I draw the compass rose every time because I get those mixed up all the time By the way, my mistake wasn't actually the east-west my mistake was listening to yeah, okay Sorry, I won't do I won't listen to you again How can I find theta so katoa? Yeah, I don't think there's a right angle here sign law So what's the sign law? I got room down here the sign of my mystery angle divided by what's across from it equals? The sign of the angle that I know divided by what's across from it which was 2.0 Not point four zero. I'm not using the velocity. I'm using the momentum because that's how long I'll get the sign of theta equals three sign 29 divided by two three sign 29 divided by two and Then to get the actual theta inverse sign of that and I get 46.6 degrees seven degrees sorry 46.7 degrees 47 degrees really is that okay? Well then Turn the page We did number 11 already Let's try example eight Do you guys want to try number eight on your own? Yeah, no, I can do it with you or if you want to give it a try first and then I go over it It's up to you. How about I'll do it up here try it on your own But I won't turn my screen off so you can if you get stuck Look up see if you can figure this out object B. I don't think has an initial velocity I think it's initial velocity is zero and This is my hideous quick drawing if you're one All the previous ones were stolen from old Provincials or somebody else of me it up This was me. Mr. Do it going really quickly with graphics Right, I don't know The answer is she got the same answer as me. Which gives me confidence It's gonna be two of these on your Who needs more time a few more. Okay. All right. How many you got that? Oh Great Now if you're getting the hang of this that means two of these on the test times seven 14 marks that you could get it's a hundred percent on 14 marks assuming you don't get sloppy mistake But even if you do this by the way Connor is why you show work It's if you make him a straight I can still follow what you did and see you know, you move the decimal point over wonder Your two became a three on the next line, you know thing the dumb things our brains do Brains Turn back, please if you would To example five Example five this one here about it a Metal disc explodes boom into three pieces Which fly off on the same geometric plane what that's saying is let's assume they all stay flat because 3d you need calculus to do this The first piece has a mass of 2.4 kilograms and it flies off north nor oh better draw compass Flies off north at 10 meters per second. The second piece has a mass of 2 kilograms and it flies east at 12.5 meters per second. What's the speed and direction of the third piece which has a mass of 1.4? kilograms Here's bomb forensics now really the FBI or the RCP if they're actually looking at a bomb Of course, there's more than three pieces, but the principal is going to be the same They're gonna start out with a basic assumption Is there a collision no is there an explosion? Yeah, then they're gonna start out by saying Before the explosion What was the momentum of the metal disc? It's a trick question that could be really obvious Brat zero, so you know what the final momentum has to be zero Now we're gonna put zero for the first before But after the explosion what's moving mass one mass two mass three for all of them stuck together or separate Momentum of object one momentum of object two Momentum of object three What does momentum of object one look like well it says north and It's 2.4 kilograms 10 meters a second. I think it's 24 pointing to the north Plus what is the momentum of object two look like well it says east Connor which direction is east on our page to the left or to the right? Excellent Connor Connor what number am I gonna put on here? What's the magnitude of this line? Did you do that in your head? I hope you did did you? Thank you. I saw someone reach for their calc at your two times table come on plus Do I know anything about the third one? Okay Well, I'll add the first two vectors together Let's do that we can do that and they're nice. They're at a right angle. It means this is gonna be so katala, which I like 24 25 Now some of you might say hey, mr. Do it gets out. It's not this it's not this What was my initial momentum our vendor my overall momentum what was it? Zero you know my final momentum has to be then What will that look like in a triangle back to where you started from there's momentum of object three That's the magnitude. Oh and the call the direction is going to be That and this is what they do in bomb forensics now Just imagine this procedure, but instead of adding three vectors. They're probably adding several thousand But they can get a pretty good idea mass How far it's traveled you can figure out roughly what its velocity must have been to get that far It's more complicated, but the principle starts out here So I'm gonna give you a lovely two-dimensional explosion on your test Because it's explosions. How can I not like that? How can I find mass three? Do I need to go all cosine law on you? So how can I find momentum three? Do I need to go all cosine law on you? Like these Pythagoras for Pete's sakes. Oh, this is great. You get 34.655 Yeah Momentum of object three equals thirty four point six five five Okay, oh How can I find the velocity of object three because this is the momentum of object three? If I know the momentum, how can I find the velocity? This is by my mass very good mass three mass three mass three one point four twenty four point eight Yes, I would accept part 25 right to six eggs Theta. Oh, is there a right angle? Yeah, because they went north and east. I know that's a right angle So I can actually not sign law. I can say hey, which trig function And running out of room. I've got some more. I got a little bit of room here tan theta equals opposite over Adjacent shift tan of twenty four over twenty five Forty three point eight degrees What of what Connor? What of what? Yes Yes, yes That's what's happening in any explosion in any explosion your initial momentum is zero assuming the thing wasn't moving yep south of Isn't it going this way down this way? I'm not looking at which way the black vector is going I'm saying to get the red one. I'd have to go south I'd have to head east and head south of that to get that angle and end up down there wouldn't I? two-dimensional momentum What's your homework? Well, I didn't attach an assignment to this from the ultimate review you can now do numbers one 14 22 and 34


So, we are in the session 1b, we are looking at the conference papers in the engineering domain and after Professor Kahnan's part, I am going to talk essentially about graphics. But we already know that the questions which a reviewer or a reader of a paper looks at are the following. What is being studied? Are there experiments to talk about or computations or both? What is the domain of interest? What is the procedure? How good are the results? Experimental uncertainties of the result? What are the actual results and how do they compare with other results? Other work either by the same team or by some different team. It is an important part. So, the tools used are diagrams, tables, charts, equations, showing domain of computations or experiment, block diagrams, flow charts, tables of test cases or table of results and the results themselves in various forms. From simple graphs to block diagrams to ISO lines or equipotential lines and things like that. As Dr Sahana said earlier that a reviewer is going to look first after a few words or sentences in the abstract and the intro on what are the visual context? Not really the equations but the figures. And let me digress a bit. You know, one of the greatest children's books Alice in Wonderland was written by a mathematician and the reason he wrote the books was that his one day he was engrossed with his books. He was also a famous author of books and his daughter came around and said how can this book be interesting? There are no figures in it, no pictures. So that is why if you look up the original edition of Alice in Wonderland, maybe I could have had a graphic here. It shows very nice pictures including the long tail in verbal form. Maybe I will find that and put it upon moodle somewhere. Figures and graphics being the most important part are of various kind and are used for various purposes. They provide the first impression of any conference paper, in fact of any paper for that matter. They need to be prepared with care and after having said that, you know, Professor Kannan said that you write things first and then go to a machine to typeset it. In a similar way a figure should be sketched first in your mind then on a piece of paper and then you use either the classical drawing board graph paper or you can use x-fig or whatever package you want to use. But something which I do not think anybody mentioned that conference papers are always written to a deadline and although we would like to have a paper ready and then look for an appropriate conference, in any research team it works the other way. We get a brochure or an email or suddenly somebody looks up on a website, oh this is the deadline for a conference and what do we have to provide to the conference. So whatever you do, it is the deadline was yesterday, we wake up today and we do things. So what I am going to do in the rest of this thing is provide you illustrations taken from well good conference papers presented and published the work of my colleagues and once you start looking at it, you will find some figures which are not so good and some figures which are good. I am not going to illustrate, I am not going to talk much, maybe a few words to show what could have been better and something else in which notice how this is better than the earlier one. I am going to classify my illustrations as domain of computation and then block diagrams and such stuff. Now quite often when you do some computation, you have a domain of computation and that has to be very nicely shown. Now here you will see a domain of computation fitted in one column of a paper. Usually a paper, conference paper is in two column format, most of the journal papers also nowadays are in two column format and you will notice here that it has a funny aspect ratio. Why is this funny aspect ratio? Well in this domain you will notice here a small h equal to 1 and here it is 30 h. So the aspect ratio is 1 is to 30 but the actually depicted aspect ratio is not 1 is to 30. But even then notice that the action is really here. This is where the real information rise, the boundary conditions at the top surface, bottom surface and the right hand are more or less benign. So you look at the small clutter here. What perhaps the author could have done was cut this figure into two with those you know disconnection lines or enlarge the aspect ratio effectively or put a circle here and show the big expansion of this particular clutter in a circle. The next illustration is better. The clutter has been reduced. The information which is needed is reasonably clearly seen. Of course sometimes the situation is, this is another reasonably good example of information provided in a figure. They say a figure is equivalent to a thousand words but even then a figure usually needs to be supported by some text and it is always a choice whether to point to a figure and provide the text and information or to put the information in the figure itself. This is an illustration of a reasonably good figure in which the information is provided on the figure itself. The next illustration well this perhaps is the neatest simplest figure but you do not have such clarity always. This is a very simple situation where everything about the geometry is provided in this figure and by this maybe you can get rid of a few sentences and maybe a few lines in the nomenclature because the nomenclature is very clear from this figure itself. Next we come to domain of experiments where you have to tell something or inform something about the experimental setup. Now usually in any experimental setup there is something called a test section where the action really happens. Other things are data logger, some chilling unit, some power control unit, ACDC converter and all that. Now see in this figure it has so happened that the test section occupies a very small part and you do not really see what the test section is about whereas this peripherals occupy a very significant part and the really significant part occupies an insignificant part. This figure is maybe okay as the first figure in your experimental setup chapter in a report or a thesis. It is definitely not okay for a paper of any kind whereas look at this. Here you have a figure in which the essentials are very clearly shown and now you will notice that well two DC power supply that is it. You have not shown the DC power supply stabilizer connection to mains nothing like that. So come to the heart of the problem and show whatever is required in very clear picture. This is another figure where a schematic of a beam is shown, a variable width beam and you will notice that the required information is shown here. In fact how it is clamped here, how it is clamped here that is just not shown because that is not of importance. Similarly you have shown a voltage supply here providing a potential difference between the fixed electrode and the movable electrode which is the beam. Details of that voltage supply you will find it somewhere else in the text or maybe in another figure if it is important. We now come to a flow chart. For some reason I could not get a bad and a good example of a flow chart. What I have here is a reasonably good example of a flow chart. Of course there are flow charts with quite a few things, flow charts with much of a clutter but this perhaps is a reasonably good illustration of a flow chart. Next thing block diagram. Again the block diagram should be go back to our experimental sketches. Block diagram should contain only the essential blocks and should not have any clutter. So notice here the essential blocks of two measuring cells electrical system and the computer which manages the whole thing is shown. Current from a constant current source that is out of the block diagram. The block diagram has not been made cluttered by showing how the constant current source is created and what is the original source of power. Now quite often the information is provided in the form of a table and again whether you use latech or whether you use any other package. One mistake we quite often do is we allow the package to dictate things to us and that means we use the default setting in the package. If you use a package one thing you should necessarily do is go through the manual, get some practice on the package and see how to overwrite the defects. For example column weights whether the data is centered or left justified or right justified. All these things are within our control provided we learn how to exercise that control. Now you will see here that you have a table perhaps too many columns but may be they are necessary. But now you will notice that there is a large amount of white space in each column, unnecessary white space. If you were to make the titles of this more cryptic or put them in two lines you would have reduced the column width. You could have centered this and reduced the white space and because of that you could have had better clarity you could have then even increased the line spacing a bit and made it more clear. In the same paper or a similar paper we have I think this is from the same paper we have a reasonably good table. The only fault I can find with this table is that perhaps they should have centered the data in each set. Well for some reason my presentation is in two parts. So the first 20 slides are over I have to go to the second set of 20 slides. Now all of us have drawn graphs right from our school days. Graphs are of various kinds and the rest of my speech I will talk about graphs. Simple graphs this is some experimental work and you will find something is plotted against something else, temperature against percent enhancement in thermal conductivity. What is wrong with this graph? You will find that there are no graduation lines at all. If you want to know what is the percent enhancement here even if you use a scale you will make an error in reading that. This is another graph which is better less clarity. The disadvantage is that here again reading is better you have graduations but the graduations are only on one side. So you will have to visually consider a line to for example to read this particular point. In fact graduations and blocking is important if you have multiple lines on the same graph because now you want to know how much is the difference between the situation here and the situation here slightly above that here or here. This perhaps is an illustration of a good graph. Notice that there are nice graduations but the whole graph is in a rectangular block and the graduations are not only on the bottom they are also on the top they are on the left as well as on the right. Consequently if I want to read some point here you will notice that you can simply visually connect these two or take a scale and connect these two and exactly read where that point is either on the x axis or on the y axis. Also notice now from the paper when I grabbed it the circles have not exactly remained circles. You will notice that the thickness of the circle is used to indicate that the authors are not sure of the exact location of the experimental points that is because of measurement errors. They could have used a plus sign or a cross sign but they did not use that because with a plus sign you tend to consider that the intersection of the vertical and the horizontal line is the exact point where you are here there is nothing like that. Quite often when you solve problems related to fields whether electrical, stress, population densities or flow you tend to plot contour lines. Depending on your stream this will be known as equipotential lines or stream lines or isotherms or iso wells and let us see how these are plotted. Is this a good example? I do not think I have to take a poll and you can even relate this to one of the earlier figures. The action is here, the action is here but that is too cluttered. Here there is hardly any action and you know unnecessarily maybe half width, slightly more than half the width of the column is wasted in that. Perhaps the author could have provided only this part of the figure and enlarge it 3 times this way and 3 times that way and mention it so that part of the domain and beyond that there is hardly any action. You are interested in this zone and this zone that is where the real action lies. This is better but of course here the domain is rectangular. It was this is a figure which occupied one whole column of a paper so I just want you to look at the central figure. A few, I think here these are isobars, contour levels, Pascal so these are isobars and they have been very clearly shown. Whether here, here or in the next figure. Nowadays packages are available which show contour lines in color or they fill up a feed with different color shades to give you an idea of how hot things are locally or how fast or slow or concentrated things are local. And earlier maybe till about 10 years ago papers whether in journal or in conference where they essentially published in black and white. Now that is not so because printing in color is not very costly. But nowadays many conference proceedings are not even printed. They are just given to you on an electronic medium but they are put on a website so color is no issue at all. Most of us have a color terminal these days. So let us see some illustrations of good use of color and bad use of color. Now I have a figure here look at this part. Contour lines are shown in color but I think this figure is essentially wasted because although you have a wide variation you will find that the action is here and here. Maybe they have used a scale the same scale for all figures in the paper which is not a good idea. Perhaps they could have stretched this so that you could have a better variation. In the same paper fortunately I found an illustration of a much better use of color. Now this is the same situation. Some other things are being shown and here I consider this as well as this to be reasonably well managed use of color contours. Almost the whole range is used and the action also is nicely spread out over the domain here as well as here. So this is contour of x displacement, contour of y displacement or something like that. So that brings me to the end of my small presentation. My job was to just illustrate graphics and rather than tell you how to make graphics all that I have done is provided you illustrations of good graphics and illustrations of not so good graphics. I have grabbed these graphics from my colleagues papers and I acknowledge them for providing their papers for use as illustrations. I agree that what you have seen on the screen here is not very good. Maybe you have not been able to see some of those figures to appreciate the good points and the bad points. But I am told these are not slides, their original PDF version will be put on Moodle. There you will be definitely able to spend maybe a few minutes on each figure appreciating the good parts of that figure and bad parts of that figure. Thank you very much.