So one of the things we're going to do is we're going to actually take a step back and we're going to revisit The PMT function and we're actually going to revisit a few of these functions because that's actually one of the Hallmarks of Excel is it has all these mathematical equations stored in it One of them was that we learned in chapter 4 the PMT function now The PMT function worked where you gave it something known as a present value say for example Jarrell's restaurant wants to Take out a loan $400,000 We want to pay it off and we want to pay it off in five years Quarterly we want to Unlike, you know some loans where you have to pay back every month Drell's loan for the restaurant wants to be I'm gonna make payments every three months So it's gonna be a quarterly payment Which tells me all of a sudden that e8 times f8 Number of years times the number of payments per year is gonna Resulting my in-per for PMT. It's gonna tell me how many payments. I'm gonna have over the life of this loan Now the annual rate. We actually already built up. It's gonna be our C5 one of the things I can do is I can hit f4 To once again make that an absolute cell reference Now one of the things to take note of is since we're going to be dealing with a seven percent annual interest rate That keyword was annual. What happens if I want to go ahead and apply Some of the interest rate over the course of the loan, you know, I make a payment in June I should have some interest be applied After June and before June but on a new loan basis What I can do is I can take this annual interest rate this h8 that we've just referenced and I can divide it by How many loans I plan on making a year? for This says that basically now Across the life of the loan before I get to any new segment pay period of the loan I should have roughly speaking one point seven five percent of my interest of the year be applied Now that I've built all of this out all these kind of Plug-and-play number systems what I can do is I can come in here and I can actually set my PMT Notice again, Excel is going to give me a little dialogue box Explaining my PMT and as soon as I open up with a parentheses I get a number of options the first thing I need to do is my rate my i8 The second thing I need to do is my in per my g8 and then finally my pv My pv is my present value like how much I'm actually getting in my loan Now you see I do have a few different options fv and type and we'll actually skip over this because those are Optional tags as soon as I close off this and I see I hit my inner button I see that it would take me about $24,000 every three months to help pay back this loan in five years That's a lot of money. I don't have that kind of money. Maybe instead of being an ambitious Restaurant tour maybe I decide that drills restaurant should maybe play it a little bit more on the conservative side Maybe not you know trying to burn out all the money right away So suddenly what I'm gonna say is I Want to limit my quarterly payment? I'm willing to pay back my loans at $15,000 a quarter. Okay. I still want to do my 400,000 Business loan. I think that's still respectable, but I'm gonna skip over future value I want to actually see what the future value of this loan will be.  I'm gonna come over here and I'm going to auto fill these downward Because this is a calculation relative. This is an absolute cell reference. This is a relative calculation They all fall in the place Now one of the things I can do you notice up here. I'm in my formulas tab One of the things that I can do is I can actually instead of going into logical like we were doing last week I can come over here to financial and I should see an FV option When I click on FV all of a sudden you see that I get Some new options with the same kind of key words because what happens is this is sort of the what if I don't finish the loan I want to have an ending result. What will be my loan if my rate is I nine my number of payments is still 20. I'm making 20 payments My payments and something that we had to calculate before I don't know Now the last thing I need to do is I need to also factor in this PV this optional tag I need to say what was my present value? Initially well, it was initially a four thousand dollar loan And so you'll see all of a sudden I've got a good chunk of a negative number here and when I hit, okay It makes perfect sense. I Want the same loan amount? I want to pay back at the same number of times at the same rate But I don't want to do it as fast as you're telling me to So I'm gonna still own Pretty much over a half of the the loan after five years So, okay, I still want to do these 15,000 payment that's still a sorry negative 15,000. I still want to do that I still want to apply the same interest rate of 1.75 sorry Because I still want the same Four years. There we are. I still want to pay you know four times across X number of years. We're actually going to skip over this for a second at 400,000 dollars So all of a sudden in per Again, like I was saying we have all of these different mathematical equations That have already been built for us these more accounting functions if you will again I need to figure out the number of payments if this is going to be sort of what I choose to do So in this case all of a sudden I can go and do in per Now in per again, you're gonna see that we have the same options rate PMT PV my rate still there my PMT Where are you and then my present value my 400,000? Again, I can close off that soon as I hit enter. We see suddenly I get a big number. I get 36.23 Number of payments now we can round that down But what that basically means is if I'm only going to be paying quarterly that's how many payments I need to have which means That divided by this means suddenly it's gonna take me about nine years to pay off this loan Okay, maybe I still want to do my five years. I still want to pay quarterly. I still want to do obviously the 20 Payments and I still want to do my interest rate and I still want to do all this stuff With this this is all I can break even with so if this is all the case still want to pay it off, too How much should I take off as a loan? How much can I really afford on my loan? How much can I take well again now? We're looking at PV the same thing we did with future Value FV in per number of payment in PMT We have a function available that allows us to do that again financial we head down to our PV section in The same thing happens. What's our rate? What's our number of payments? What's our PMT? What's our rate? What's our number of payments? What's our PMT? What's our payments per month? And now what we can see is when I hit something like okay You see that our loans a little lower. It's not as big as I was really hoping as you can see But maybe it's something we need to factor in on our end a little more


Hi, my name is Luis Robles, and I play for the New York Red Bulls. Oh, I wish I could do either. Neither. No pets. Text. Oh, it's so millennial. Boneless. Boneless all day. Hands are clean after this. Oh, no horror movies for me at all. Comedy all day. Hot coffee always. If it's iced coffee, you just chug it and it's gone. Right? And then you get all shaky. Hot coffee, I feel like, still take your time.


y'all what is poppin welcome back to another video if you're new here my name is Cara do not forget to like comment and subscribe I just got back from Vegas my weekend started it's Friday I just took a shower I just did my skincare and y'all my hair has been doing so good about to apply this I restore anti hair loss serum and I like I restore I'm on this hair journey right I have problems in the middle of my head when my hair is growing because I always was getting ponytails right so that would definitely take a strand on my hair especially in the middle and would defer my growth I'm on this hair journey so I wanted to include low-level laser therapy into my hair care routine because light energy acts like water and nutrients that are absorbed in the hair particles to keep your hair in the growing phase so I've been using the eye restorer and this is the pro device and this has 282 LED lights and lasers inside of this device the eye restorer containing LED lights and lasers it is FDA cleared and I love it it's so easy to use super lightweight and I love that it's portable you can walk around the house in it wash TV I usually normally put this on in the mornings before I take a shower before I even get to wash my hair or I'll do it when I'm editing be able to use the eye restorer in conjunction with any other hair treatment you may be getting to maintain your natural healthy hair it's not heavy at all all you do is place it on your head like so and then this is the portable battery that comes with and all you do is attach the remote to the battery do this for only 25 minutes and this does have a timer on it so all you do is power it on and it sets the timer for 25 minutes and then you just press go and then it does a countdown and then I just like to you know latch it on to any piece of clothing that I'm wearing and I'm chilling and I'm stimulating hair growth in my hair follicles so it's going to reduce hair loss but promote hair growth and you're just chilling for 25 minutes it's so easy to use and I've been using this for the last two months now and I've noticed such a huge difference in the back of my head I've just been really taking the time out to do what I need to to get my hair to where I desire it to be because I really just wanted to be thick and healthy so you'll be able to get your own eye restore as well all you need to do is click the link down below and you'll be able to use my code to save $400 off of a pro device and I love that when you purchase a pro device they have a 12-month money back guarantee if the device doesn't work out for you thank you so much iRestore for sponsoring this video and yeah so don't forget to click the link down below and since I already did this treatment I'm going to take this on my head and when I do the hair serum I just like to do this every other day but twice a day it's freaking raining outside I would face y'all this way but I don't want y'all to see my living room yet until it's all done but it's so bad out y'all like it's nasty it's gross so yeah and I was just about to meet Aliyah for lunch but I mean like just like a daytime thing but no it's raining bad like it's disgusting um but yeah I'm just gonna do a little work and then I'm gonna go ahead and figure out what's ew this doesn't make me want to do nothing oh god I gotta get out of here I gotta go I gotta keep on trucking and moving little outfit I got on it's cute it's like chill but it's so cute these pants are from Meshki and then I just have on a basic top these are my favorites hanged up if y'all see me wearing these like over and over I'm so sorry but they're just essential for the wardrobe and they just dress up they just make you feel way put together then just a plain like candy something I don't anyways I'll check with y'all later good morning y'all so it's the next day I didn't do nothing y'all it's flooding here in Atlanta but I'm going to a cycle bar class and y'all it's gonna be Solis um Drake and Beyonce and my homegirl Victoria that goes there um she just texted me she was like oh my god are you going I'm like yes girl it's late and the class is full like it's no more spots so it's definitely gonna give good energy so I wanted to wear this bright colored set to what's not even a set this top is from it's a little lemon dupe from Target and then these are little lemon pants it's given orange julad but anyways I gotta run because it's one of the girls that works there her name is Sheila love her love her life it's her birthday so I wanted to show up with flowers for her and know that she's loved by me because she shows so much love to me I love her so I wanted to give her flowers and yeah so we're leaving early and I'll probably check on child month I get there and yeah so let's go Husta na na na diva is a y'all that class energy energy I came out number one what it was crazy I was like no because I like to check my stats after to see how many miles and like what I could improve on and stuff like that y'all I came out number one I was like thank god for giving me the strength because cycle bar is not easy y'all it's not easy and I was shocked because I literally was gassing out I was on gear eight because I was gassed out sweating was hot but like I said thank you god for giving me the strength to wake up today and get number one in the spot so but yeah it was so nice I was mean to so many of y'all if y'all want to go to like a cycle bar class like to a lit one all you do is download the app and you know sign up whatever and then you'll see all the themed playlists I like to get at least like three to two cycle bar classes in for the week and then like I split my time with yoga that's what I'm doing now as far as my workout um but yeah if you want to come come like we don't buy it we get lit yeah we fuck shit up um but yeah anyways I'm about to get ready for a hair appointment and I'll see y'all there I'm about to get into y'all work because I'm so sweaty it's disgusting so today I work out with the worst attitude and I knew what it was instantly it's because my hair wasn't done I put a hey boo on my hair stylist to see if she had any openings because baby when it comes to my mental health I'm gonna pay whatever and do whatever in Starbucks we go obviously before any hair appointment Starbucks is definitely on the agenda I'm scarred from driving to hair appointments because I always get booted so I'm taking a Uber but I instantly regretted it because he made me drop my egg bites girl so I put up on my girl Deja and I handed her my hair y'all I have a hair drawer so I scuffed up any type of hair that I had old hair in two bundles of new hair some blonde and baby we was gonna make this work because baby I need my hair done the cap is capping baby boom hop right into the insta and I wanted some blonde highlights vibes going on I just love color in the summertime so some of this hair was old and that's okay and she made it work this just work is so consistent every time I come to her I know I'm about to get a bomb installed so make sure y'all go check her out book her up because she is so good and I just love coming to her because I know I'm not gonna go home crying trying to fix my hair and y'all baby it's eating okay my attitude instantly disappeared and this is your sign to just go get your hair done girl and to think I got a text saying can I see your hair did you see if you was gonna pay for this tuh I showed her my hair did I show y'all my hair I don't know but yeah I got my hair done got blonde highlights and y'all it's like five o'clock in the morning right now but I'm leaving in the morning right now I really I have to learn my lesson in the past that I need to just pack before I leave I cannot do the Russian thing in the morning or else I'm gonna be late and everything requires preparation before you even do anything that's really just been what's going on my mind um yeah my mom been talking about that for the last you know a few weeks like everything requires preparation so I need to just keep preparing myself and just be an adult um my face is swollen I need to go to sleep but I want to show you all these packages I got in the mail um before because I'm about to pack some of this jewelry up Bottega has these clear lenses they're similar to my aviator Bottega ones the gold ones I wear all the time I'll link them there's a dupe on amazon I haven't ordered it yet because it was sold out but they had these other ones the clear lens that I was actually going to buy the real pair and I thought these were going to be too small for my face but they actually fit really nice with the gold hardware I just feel like it's so cute I need to wrap my hair um but yeah super cute I like these amazon dupe for the Bottega clear lenses I'll put the original pair on the screen but yeah I like these I think they're cute so these will be linked in my amazon store I think it's just like a cute little touch like some jewelry daytime nighttime hair blockers but you can still see like I like sunglasses that just add a little flavor to the look but you can still see my face type of thing so cute I have these Bottega dupe earrings that the girls been eating up I finally got my hands on a pair and when Nolia posted these on her tiktok I was like oh yes I need these so these are the ones super lightweight these are fire like you can't tell me this isn't worth the money periods but we'll see how long they last and also Siri just dropped their Bottega dupes as well these took a long time y'all a long time so I recommend y'all go to Fieri in order they're literally the same thing but except his you can get more wear out of it because these are amazon girls these are going to be you know bottom of the barrel cheap but his quality is way better I haven't tried yet but he did say that it doesn't tarnish or turn or anything like that um and it also is black on these but these came up first but like I said if you don't want to wait like these two three weeks to come but Fieri has literally the same ones the same ones um and like I said it's black on business and then just silver beer really into my eggs this lately these shoes are so comfortable they're so they're a different they're the best shoe ever and they just came out with a new color and I always watch their website for new colors and I always keep searching because that they're always sold out everywhere but I directly ordered these from 86 and these are so cute they're white oh my god with the the gold in the nude oh my god these are right up my alley and I have the silver I have the ones with the silver in it in the front but this is my second pair and I want like a white like casual cute everyday pair so these came in a perfect time I'll probably wear these to the airport in the morning possibly and then y'all the last thing before I go to sleep because I'm tired so y'all I haven't opened these yet I was gonna do an unboxing on TikTok but these are the speed matting um these are supposed to be like a Hermes dupe and this is not a replica because a replica is something that mimics or you know is trying to um a replica is trying to mimic a product with the packaging the receipts the duster bag and some more issues so this is a dupe I don't care I'm gonna see what it's giving I can never find these Hermes sandals anyways so I'm like let's see what these seed man ones are giving seed matted you know they're wrong for you know coming out of a dupe of their Hermes slides but hey I'm pretty sure they're obviously different quality I haven't um seen any of I haven't I haven't tried the original Hermes pairs on but a lot of people said these are comfortable so these are the dupes for the Hermes slides seed matted let me see what they look like on my foot this is so funny oh they're like rubber okay off the bat the quality is probably not the same because it's already scrunching up looking tacky I mean this is a cute dad shoe I like a good mom dad parent shoe I'm at that point in my life but this how they look this is super flimsy I'm pretty sure the Hermes ones isn't like I don't like that but for the most part it's a good throw on shoe for now and they're super comfortable and what I'm doing in Miami I got invited to an event from the fortune and forks girls love them um so I'm just gonna go network and I've just been really enjoying meeting new people lately like I'm at the point in my life where I don't want to stop what has been done to me in the past from stopping me from meeting new people that are meant to be in my life you know what I'm saying because I feel like God will place people in your life for a reason and you just really never know who you're gonna meet and who's gonna be your people and I'm just you know I'm very open to meeting new people and exploring new relationships with other people so I just want to go out there and network I got invited so I'm going um there really isn't much happening here in Atlanta and yeah and I have a date out there tomorrow on Monday so um so yeah that's gonna be on Sunday and then the next day I'm venturing off to other things but yeah those are gonna stay here I'm just gonna pack my loose slides um but yeah that's it I'm going to sleep I'll check in with y'all in the morning I'm tired um the weather's nice it's hot it got hot when I touched down okay but y'all be with me there's people on the balcony let me stop but yeah y'all it's hot um but yeah I'm about to start getting ready because I don't want to be late to this event what is going on is that it's a cocktail like social thing and then we we're going on sprinters and heading to the sections at rolling out and then followed by that it's going to be um my second time seeing her just like regular in the airport but obviously I like to leave like celebrities alone because I know that like you know especially summer walker I know she has like anxiety and stuff like that but she's so gorgeous and person friendly because I'm playing but anyways so there's like an alien might come here tomorrow which is cool so uh let me get myself together yeah let me get myself up together and yeah but y'all already seen the east so many times on my page I feel like but it's so shitty in here I got the corner king the bathroom good lighting I did bring my light so when you walk in here you have the bathroom and then the bed which nothing is gonna be happening here unfortunately and then a mirror and then a little graphic snook right here in the corner but yeah let me just take a shower rinse the day off and I'm super excited I'm just really in the social like era I literally met this girl on a plane she was so cute I got up for it it's a first class I didn't have a bad experience this time with traveling like I like I told y'all everything requires preparation okay preparation equal success so and just because you don't mean I have something right now God is preparing you he's in you're in your preparation area like I normally don't preach but I me and my mom talk about this like off-camera and you know we have our private conversations and you know preparation is always the key to success so God is preparing you for something greater you just don't know what's coming it's coming but you just never know and you're getting prepared for it so I'm in my preparation season you know what I'm saying I've always saw myself that I've always saw myself God is preparing me for so much more than what I can probably even imagine just say hopeful say thoughtful and you can do it so with everything preparation is key when it comes to anything but anyways I'm about to get in the shower but I'm gonna talk to y'all once I get dressed whoa sorry I'm ready okay y'all so I just got dressed so my top is jpg and then my pants are local European I just want it to be like extra chill relax um but take a dupe earrings y'all can get these from fury and my dior bag and my Hermann slides so I'm just gonna carry y'all in my phone because I know it's gonna be a lot going on in my phone my camera doesn't even fit so but yeah we're gonna have a good night we're gonna be social we're gonna network we're gonna meet new people and I'm super excited just to see who's gonna be here and yeah and just to get this experience so let's go I call my Uber so it should be outside but yeah we're out it's peace out eight times um before we get on the sprinters so it's four it was four thirty to seven I write the invitation all wrong because you know you had a great spirit in between times so I think all the people are gonna show up by seven o'clock and then leave to rollin' out y'all it's humid I'm not gonna sit outside y'all are dumb I think I'm gonna sit at the bar for a little bit and just sip um but yeah I'm here early this is just not my normal but you know I'm just gonna let God take the lead because He can give me the energy y'all I don't have no energy I like I said I was up until like five o'clock but anyways I'm gonna go to the bathroom and I'm gonna check on y'all later but I'm good yuck yuck so y'all this is the Lobos Reposado so good so you know it's just it's not a shot it's like you know a sip and you follow it with the orange to me so it's not a shot right so it's just sip right so you take a sip of the Lobos Reposado with the orange you're ready to put food on it right and you're just gonna bring out the food and even the other ones you're supposed to do with it that's what it takes right cheers first and foremost there's no sugars no additives right yeah so you can drink a bottle of hot dog you drink the whole bottle you don't feel it but you know a lot of people drink it keeps you in the hangover right no sugars no additives but it's just made in the traditional process right it's crushed the right way all through a work out there okay no problem different trades articulate for everything else it's finished in a different barrel so if you were to grab a bottle of the Repo right so check this out so it's finished in the ticket and it's aged for six months okay right i mean for three years in a in a barrel right you know a french-american oak then after it's pulled out of there it's finished in a sherry cast it's fake right so that's what gives it a smoker so when you taste it most secures when you taste a Reposado very smoky right so what this does is um pulls that smokiness out of it gives it a little sweeter back in the flavor it takes so it's a different animal i tell you how to add up the whole line this is my favorite because you can do so much with the light you can have a grape you can have a orange you can have a orange you can have a little tegu and you get the full flavor so the juice gives it that smoky taste and the sweetness is what happens so it's a different animal there we go you said this is a different animal yeah here you now we're in the spreader with the go ahead later rivals she's like i was actually yeah that's good good morning it's the next day y'all last night was so fun but before i even get into it i have beef with this flying spider in my damn room y'all so i woke up this morning right and like you and then it lands on the pillow it's a spider excuse my language but it's a spider and it lands on the pillow so i'm like hopping up and it's flying so i just seen it like i'm literally i have to literally like swap up with the spider spider that's flying like um so i just seen it by the window so let me see if i can get it get it because i'm gonna lay down i'm literally like on goal y'all like i was literally it was right here i was going to take my hands and swing it but i didn't want it on my white hands and i mean i heard it please come out to wherever you are it was so much fun i didn't expect to have that much fun last night i felt like i got in probably at 3 a.m i don't even know the time i got in i was so late it was such a good time i met chelsea she's one of the members of fortune and forks um i met rhythm i've been friends with her on instagram for the longest time i really didn't wasn't expecting um to know anybody there but i'm so happy she came and i finally asked to meet her in person such a good time good energy and then i met her friend it was just the best time and then my girl kaya was there um yeah small freaking world um but it was so much fun but yeah rolling loud was it for me i liked being in the club or the club section area but it was hot y'all i was so mad when my fan died my fan is on the charger today because you never know um but yeah i'm just chilling i went to joe the juice this morning i didn't eat last night um so i needed to get something in my system but um i'm drinking water i need to stay hydrated but i'm just gonna work on the pet in on the patio for i don't know like an hour um and then i'm gonna lay down i don't want to lay down by the pool yet just because i'm going elsewhere after so i need to get ready for that so but yeah this was so fun but anyways but this spider though we have to reach out to chelsea y'all we got it together real quick look at my m-zone both take a dupe these are so cute y'all so i just got this cute set from zahra i'm here really trying to get into skirts and this is the perfect point to start off with this is like a like sweatpants skirt and then i just put them on that means like um but anyways y'all i'm going to head to the nail shop because um and also we're switching locations but i'm gonna head to the nail shop because i want to just go ahead and pop the gun and get a fake note fake toe on my toenail that fell off because i just don't and then yeah hopefully we get lunch after that because i'm starving at this point um but yeah let's go i'm excited hey y'all so i just got ready for the night um homeboy my friend or whatever i don't know where he's at but we're supposed to be going to this little Jamaican place but i just have on the wool fur dress i wore in last vegas and wearing simple makeup then day two in Miami and i'll vlog off my home because i'm not gonna bring my camera um so the hookah lines were going to i've been there once before um but i didn't eat the food last time i don't know if i'm gonna eat it today i probably have a little bit of his because he likes going here he said they have some good sliders um but the vibe in here is really cute you know good hookah hey y'all so it's the next day we haven't chatted caught up nothing but we will when i get back to my hotel yeah i have to go to the group we're gonna talk about that later but i'm on my way to a beach club um to meet rhythm she was at the event the other day so like i said i'm so happy i met her she lives out here so i text her like hey girl do you want to be if you don't that's fine but she's like oh my god yes let's meet so i'm meeting her at the beach club and just to get a quick bite a little drink i guess i got like a happy hour or something i just wanted to go just because yeah i want to get outside but yeah i'll check with y'all so i'm gonna get there so y'all just painted to the beach club it's so nice that's crazy you like refreshing but you don't like mojitos yeah i don't like mojitos i don't know why i'm gonna try the day off wait day off which what liquid was that having the day off it's like a long island long island oh that's not like that that's dangerous that's dangerous i'm like that i just want to try the mango puree and eat that's all but y'all we're done i got among the stars yeah yeah thank you y'all we're with them she looks so good she got a little date so it's a new friendship i like it it's refreshing it's called among the stars how is it it's like it's strong it's a little spicy but you can definitely taste the mango it's good here you go then it's that that has like three different liquors in it i didn't even see that tequila gin i think forgot oh yeah this dangerous hey y'all so as y'all can see i'm in a hotel now my arm and i had to leave from where i was at so i was supposed to come out here originally on monday because i was invited out here by a man and i've been knowing him like this is nothing like new to me as far as like knowing him i've been knowing him for like a little bit now so he invited me out here and i got invited to rolling out and i was like okay well i would have rolling out and then i'll meet up with him on monday so then i meet up with him or whatever so he doesn't know i'm here yet so because like he's not my man he don't need to know like my business i'm like oh yeah i land at three like on monday i'm like yeah i land at three and then he was like okay so like he didn't say nothing i'm gonna pick you up or nothing like that so i'm like i'm here and i was calling him and he was like i'm just uber to your friend's hotel and i'll pick you up from there and that was like strike one for me but i am in the season where i point out the little things that i don't like and i am okay with doing that like i don't need to adjust or like how you're treating me you need to adjust how i'm supposed to be treated you see what i'm saying so that right there was like oh he don't want to come give me from the airport like your man will never not come pick you up from the airport the one that's supposed to be the one will never leave you stranded you give what i'm saying so it's like ill turn off number one so i'm but i'm keeping cool or whatever because like at the end of the day like he's not the one but still at the same time you're still gonna have to be able to court me you know what i'm saying like it's weird anyways so fast forward to that day y'all seen me get it ready in his bathroom and stuff we were supposed to go out he was gone um and i was getting ready to go out but i was like oh i don't want him waiting on me like getting ready because i took a long time to get ready y'all and i'm like let me just be ready when he comes back y'all it's like three hours done past three four hours he comes back go straight to sleep y'all i got so mad he was like well give me a second like i'm i'm sleepy or something like that i don't know he goes straight to sleep after i done got ready got dressed and first of all it takes a lot for me to do a bee face okay it takes a lot for me to do a bee face and put on something cute just to look you know presentable what the what did i come out here for like for you to go to sleep so he was asleep right away didn't we didn't do nothing he didn't even know food he didn't even ask that i need anything when we're going to back to his house or anything like that that's just like small things i take notice of so then the next day comes it's all good i'm not complaining i'm still having a good attitude we we wake up in the morning he was like oh my god i was so tired last night and i'm like okay whatever i have breakfast and he's like oh i have to go get my uncle from the airport i'm like what like so we go get his uncle they having a whole family reunion girl so then i get dropped off back at his house so he's like oh we're just gonna go get some dominoes like some stuff and my job the breakfast was mid me and him both agreed we had little nipples and dominoes i'm talking about dominoes as in playing dominoes like the game because obviously his uncle's old school he runs some errands i'm like okay whatever and i'm just time is passing he's gone for hours since five o'clock mind you he's driving back off at like 12 o'clock one something i don't know hours pass and i'm just like sitting here like i'm watching i love i'm catching up on my shows but i'm like i could have did this at home i could have did this at home i could be enjoying myself with somebody somebody who invited me out here should be courting me showing me a good time taking me with them or asking me what do i want to do or just stuff like that literally got on a plane took the time out to come see you and you're having a whole thing were you in in the meantime y'all i was so fed up so he comes back or whatever and he's like yo like in the room i'm like what the and then y'all i see they brought food back this would tick me off this is what ticked me off because i'm at your house right and obviously okay we ate a little bit before right y'all but it's like common courtesy if you're coming back with food if if you're coming back with food in the house your a man's instant should be like wait let me ask her if she wants anything before i come back or just anything like just anything in general no phone call no check in no nothing they come in they warming up their food having a good old jolly time and i just lose it i'm like i need to get the f*** out of here i'm like i need to get out of here because it's five o'clock i'm in freaking miami and i'm locked up in a room like i'm a grown woman i'm not gonna be locked up in a room like are you dumb like i could be out here enjoying my own time like i've been traveling by myself for a minute now so i'm so comfortable with you know doing stuff on my own and i treat myself so well so how dare why would you think that you could treat me a certain type of way i'm getting emotional because i'm in a season right now where i don't allow no low vibration around me like it comes to men friendships not any of that i don't allow it no more like because god is gonna place who is supposed to be in my life friends and male whatever it is like i don't allow that s*** it can be the smallest thing and i'm not wrong for that i just i've been through so much in the past i don't ever ever ever want to allow myself to get that low low i don't ever want to like put myself in a position where i am not valued or do i feel worthy because i get emotional because i value myself so much now and i know how worthy i am my worth and i'm just not allowing nobody to treat me like that at all so i had to go and i just was so mad at myself i was just so irritated because i've had encounters with this man before and i've told him numerous times like you know how i wanted to be treated and stuff like that and sometimes some n****s just don't take no like yeah he got all this stuff or whatever but that don't mean nothing to me if you're not showing me that i'm valued or worthy like there's no point like i'm i'm really trying to date my intentions at this time in my life as well y'all i'm just like it's annoying sometimes but i just wanted to like i'm emotional because i don't want to treat myself like that i don't i don't want to put myself in those positions where somebody is treating me unworthy so i had to leave i literally looked at myself in the mirror i want to say sorry to myself because it's just like i'm sorry car you you already probably knew this from jump but you never know like i was giving him the benefit of the doubt i started talking to him when he came back and this is what got me i was like yeah i'm just really i'm comfortable i'm just gonna go get a hotel you like i was just being nice and calm because there was no need to argue about anything there's no need to have an argument like you're not my man but still at the same time i got on a plane to come out here um to obviously spend time with you you know what i'm saying but this me i'm gonna say i'm sorry car but your expectations were must have been too high um i don't know it's kind of hard for me to give my time to somebody this my life so i'm like what i'm like it was crazy to me for him to say something like that and i was like you know what you don't need to say anything more i'm just gonna remove myself it's okay you really came up here you've really been gone for hours all day and you brought food and you didn't even ask me did i want anything this man go say oh but you already ate earlier just crazy i know looking at this back i'm gonna be like what y'all it was hard for me to come out here and say i knew i was gonna get emotional because like i said i'm treating myself so well i don't want to allow anybody to treat me with low vibrations i'm a high vibrational woman so we're just not aligning i would when he said that i was just like what so i was like it's cool just reimbursed me for my flight babes he gave my cash and i was out calling my uber i was just like and then he was like and then i'm walking to the elevator with my luggage and he was like oh just he he said take care kaira he said be easy or something like that and i was just like oh you can't even walk me to my uber that is crazy i was like you do better and he was just standing in the door and i was just like yeah chuck up the deuces because no no i was like i hope you get better i really do and i was just like oh no i have to go i know but yeah so we're here now and we're all good so but yeah y'all like i said it's just no if somebody is putting you in a situation where you feel uncomfortable unvalued unworthy remove yourself remove all the low vibrations out your life because you just don't deserve that um but yeah but it's okay as y'all can see i've been traveling a lot doing up whatever i want to do and i'm like i said i'm in this season where i know my word and i'm just living right now and show myself so much love so that i can receive it back the universe will get it give it back to me in whatever type of way um so yeah anyways but that is my little story time of what's happening out here but i'm not getting emotional for him like it's not even about him it's about me and just um i'm just mad that i put myself in that situation but like i said it was giving somebody the benefit of the doubt and you know you just gotta go through it it's a lesson learned and you know the signs on what i know the signs on you know what to see before i even get on a plane and i'm gonna say that too if somebody want to fly me out like it's normal for a man to want to court you and fly you out and stuff like that there has to be boundaries made before i even get on that flight noted um but yeah anyways it's cool but i'm about to get outside right now i need to go outside get lunch it's so ugly outside it's raining um but it's okay i'm gonna make the best of it yeah um anyways let me get up i'm gonna walk to joe the juice go give me a green juice come back here and i'll probably lay on the beach or something for a couple hours and then um i think i want to go to kid um and see what they have and then come back here and chill i'm supposed to be going to r&b wednesdays tonight but we'll see um so we're making the best of this trip okay we're in maine so looking for the hoochie daddy is that gay so let me get myself together i just ripped my lashes off so i need to put them back on but yeah why do you deny yourself heaven why do you consider yourself undeserving why are you afraid of love you think it's not possible for someone like you how's y'all look this sun is finally trying to come out this one too is from meshki your local european i'm about to walk to joe the juice so i have on my a6 um they kind of go with the vibes and then i'm gonna take uh sunglasses and then my earrings are from shani and then also the agile while i was getting ready i was thinking to myself like when i was doing my little pep talk or whatever my little story time i was thinking that you know some people are like oh you should have a conversation but it's only so many conversations you can have with people to express your feelings and at that time it's like conversations are really just words at the end of the day like you need to show me and i'm not about to keep telling somebody on how to treat me like i'm not going to give you a script that's either a man or a friend i'm not going to give nobody a script on how to treat me you're gonna do it or not and if they don't that's okay and that is okay because baby the best is yet to come and god sees how you are treating yourself and he is definitely going to reward you with the people who are supposed to be there you know what i'm saying okay and in the past i would have accepted that like i would have accepted accepted it over and over and that's just you know the truth i was in the past i didn't know my words i was just accepting things and just letting it bypass because i was just so used to this person being around letting bygones be bygones but in the season of my life of my healing journey that is no longer so that is why um we are here today so um by ourselves so that is why i had to you know remove myself from that situation yeah i'm gonna enjoy the rest of my trade let me just go ahead and get my stuff on my glasses the cleaning lady gonna probably come in here so but yeah i can't wait to get outside show let's go yeah it got crazy out there real quick so um yeah i'm gonna be in the room for the rest of the evening because it's been a rain but i'm supposed to go to play it tonight hold on let me turn the light on oh babe we got a little zorg okay period and my waist is getting smaller and smaller okay what may say we're gonna have to find uh we're gonna have to find the missing person missing person reward okay um but yeah i'm loving how my body is turning out i'm just loving the transformation with me physically mentally emotionally i'm just becoming the best version of myself and i couldn't even be happier um but yeah so and the way she is missing but yeah i'm about to get comfy gonna put on a robe probably order some door dash maybe um because i don't think i want to eat fruit from the service but oh my god y'all last night i ordered the cookies so good anyways let me change it hey y'all so i didn't even check in with y'all at the hotel in Miami but i literally just got back home y'all um my head is pounding y'all and that plane ride was probably the worst plane ride i've ever been on the turbulence was terrible um but anyways so i'm left right now because i'm hungry my i swear to god on that flight i thought i was gonna throw up but last night was so much fun y'all so rhythm came to my hotel and we got ready well she was already ready but i was getting ready and we were just talking and stuff so that's why i didn't check in with y'all but we had ended up going to playa and if y'all haven't been to playa yet in Miami it's such a vibe we went for r&b wednesday super late y'all it was the stars in the building okay it was stars in the building and then we ended up going to tutsis and when we went to tutsis the shots that we were taking at playa caught up to me girl it was great z um i think we were mixing i don't know like my head hurts so bad right now i was about to go eat with aliyah but i'm like girl let's reschedule because she wanted to um um but yeah i was supposed to go eat with her but my head hurts so and my stomach hurts um but yeah we went to tutsis y'all and stars was in the building um i'm not gonna say but yeah it was it was a good time but i had to go from here because the liquors start catching up to me and yeah no but anyways it was a great time such a great time i'm so happy i met Rhythm she is such a vibe like y'all gotta go fuck with her um and she does lashes in Miami so if you are looking for a lash artist in Miami um but yeah i had the best time it was so random even though we had a little hump in the road with you know homeboy or whatever but yeah i believe everything happens for a reason you know and i literally take everything as it comes as a lesson learn and keep it pushing you can't dwell on the past just keep it pushing keep it moving and it's only up from here so yeah and yeah like i said just know your worth and add tax like it's one thing to really like be like yeah i know my word but it's really another thing to really actually believe it and the universe sees that god will see it and he will send you what is supposed to be in your life because you are worthy and i've been doing so much work when it comes to like my healing journey and just getting in touch with my inner self and just trying to just become a better person so i always want to surround myself with things that you know i you know surround myself with things that um make me happy and feel valued so but yeah i'm just gonna lay down i'm gonna wait for my feet to suck up um but i'll talk to y'all in the next vlog i love y'all so much and yeah stay tuned cuz i'm yeah anyway i'll see y'all in the next video


Now I'm your bookmark. My name is Leila Gurawiwi and I'm a proud Yulma woman of the Galpuk clan of North East Arnhem land. I would like to acknowledge that all of agency's untold talk series are filmed on the lands of the Rurundri people of the Kulin nation and we pay our respects to their elders past and present. It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to agency's untold talk series. Agency is an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander non-for-profit that celebrates and promotes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art, culture and people on a local, national and international scale. Untold brings together leading Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander creative practitioners and thinkers from across Australia and beyond and shines a light on a broad range of topics from caring for country to the unseen work of women in communities and the importance of intergenerational learning. Our host for this series is Gomorroa woman Crystal Denapoli who is a astrophysics graduate now undertaking an honours degree at Monash University. Crystal is a passionate advocate for Indigenous sciences, Indigenous astronomy in particular, which she explores through public presentations, research, writing and by embedding Indigenous knowledges into secondary and tertiary curricula. Hi, I'm Crystal Denapoli. I'm a Gomorroa woman and astrophysics graduate and today I'm chatting to Naurangiri Men, academic at Monash University, Andrew Giles. Andrew, would you tell us a bit about yourself and what you do? Yeah, thanks, Crystal. As Crystal said, I'm a Nangeti fellow and I've spent the last, I guess, 10 years of my life learning how to become a geologist. So from the scientific side I study sedimentology and structural geology and how basins and sedimentary basins deform on top of accretionary wedges, specifically related to the evolution of the North Island of New Zealand, which is pretty fun. And the other part of my role is an academic at Monash University is teaching or unit coordinating a unit called science through the eyes of the first Australians, Psi 2030. And in that unit, we try to discuss the intersection of Indigenous knowledges with Western science. So I wanted to start off, because for people who are probably watching this, they may be very unfamiliar with a lot of the language that we use here and some of the concepts that we have that we find English terms for, but may not fully cover what we're trying to convey when we talk about these topics from an Aboriginal standpoint. And so I was wondering if you could tell us a bit about how you would define the concept of country and why it's important to be linked to country. So country is intrinsically an important aspect of being an Indigenous person and I think the reason why that is is because typically us as Indigenous people would have very strong connections to where our family are from and where our ancestors are from. How would I define country? Country is, I think in some ways indefinable in the language that we speak, but to try and put it into words would be country is living, it's breathing, it's your ancestors, it's your family, your brothers and sisters. The country is not just the landscape, it's everything around you and it's how you embed, it's part of the way you embed yourself into your worldview. I don't, yeah, it's inherently just an incredibly important part of life. And so why do you think it's important to be physically returning to country and to be connected to country? Why do I think it's important? For me, more specifically how I feel, for me it keeps me, I guess not to make a pun, but it keeps me grounded, but it's healing, it's yeah, I think that it's important to go back to country because it's your responsibility as an Indigenous person to not only take care and look after country, but also participate in your cultural responsibilities and being your family and all of those things. And so how do you find, so you're the unit coordinator for SI 2030, so an Indigenous science course at Monash University? Yes, yep. And you're trying to explore, I guess, these types of topics about Indigenous knowledge systems, important concepts relating to Aboriginal identity and culture. How have you found trying to teach those sort of topics and explore them in a university setting, which is predominantly, I guess, sort of a Western institution? So I think that a lot of the time people tend to be reasonably sort of innocently ignorant, which is kind of a bit of an oxymoron, but bear with me. A lot of the time people just don't have the context and they're not taught about really any other worldview, let alone in the worldview that is intrinsically part of this country or what we would call Australia. And often I think that when you start talking, people that study science and people that try to like, you know, are interested in those topics and subjects, they reasonably, feel reasonably open-minded people. And when you start talking to them about the complexity and the depth and the breadth of understanding that Indigenous people had and still have, it's important to acknowledge that whilst a lot has been, a lot of understanding and a lot of context and a lot of language, especially language, has been lost due to colonisation, it's still important to understand that these people still know a lot and those stories still exist, whether it be fragmented or fractured, but those people are still intrinsically connected to that land of that country. And when you start talking about that sort of stuff and start opening people's eyes to that level of complexity and understanding, they tend to be pretty surprised. They sort of let go of their, they mostly tend to let go of their ignorance and are pretty happy to learn, actually. I don't know if that answers your question. No, no, it does. I find this, I guess this idea of trying to teach Indigenous knowledges in, I guess, sort of non-Indigenous let me clarify a little bit. I think part of it is that you have to do a little bit of unlearning. And I think that generally in science, I mean, it's a little bit of, it's kind of like something that I've done a lot and not necessarily just through teaching Indigenous knowledges, but also through teaching scientific perspectives as well, because as you will know, when you went to high school, you were taught to, you were taught the answers to the exams essentially, right? This is how it works. And then when you get to university, especially when you start doing science, you start to think, those people start to realize that, wow, when high school, it didn't really teach us how to learn. So I have a lot of experience in sort of teaching unlearning. And so when you start teaching that unlearning, it comes with, you teach that unlearning and they sort of, they start to recontextualize stuff. And part of that unlearning is also learning about the history of colonization, the history of the way science is treated, Indigenous people, and not just First Nations people of Australia, but First Nations people everywhere. And it's truth-telling, a little bit of truth-telling, well, a lot of truth-telling goes into it as well. And I think that that's an important part of understanding the Indigenous perspective from a colonizer's perspective is that history as well. Yeah. What have you noticed from the students' responses to, I guess they are at a pretty prestigious institution, they've been able to go through secondary school, primary school education, get to a university, probably feeling like they know a lot. And then they come to a course like this and find out that there is a massive portion of Aboriginal culture and history here in Australia that they had absolutely no idea about. What have you found from the responses to that type of learning or unlearning? I think when we talk about science, the Western understanding of science and the Western philosophy that, I mean, a lot of people will be familiar with, we have to, and then when we bring that into the Indigenous context, we have to we really have to discuss the truth around the way that science has typically interacted with Indigenous people. And we do that quite, we call it, you know, this happens in workplaces all the time. Often they talk about cultural safety or cultural awareness. Really it's really it's discussing or tackling the topics of anti-racism. Really what we should be talking about is deconstructing racism and being anti-racist when we talk about cultural competency. But we do a two-week section at the start of the course, and that two-week section is taught by myself and Joseph Ty from the William Kipper Institute, deadly brother, Yordi Yodafala. And we talk about the importance of, or we talk about that background and that history of the way that colonisation has affected our Indigenous people and then the interest in the way that specifically science and scientific study and endeavour has also had a huge detrimental impact on Indigenous people and Indigenous culture. You know, I guess one really quite startling example a lot of people find is the sort of large-scale removal of Indigenous bodies from country and into white educational institutions such as museums and universities and more often not even in Australia, so overseas in places like the UK. That is one reason why a lot of the time Indigenous people tend to look at science through a lens of suspicion and distrust. It's well-founded. But how do the students feel when we start to discuss this stuff? I don't think there's really any other way to feel than confronted. It's very confronting not only for myself and Joe when we talk about it, but also for the people hearing about this stuff. And I think a lot of times they kind of feel, because one of the main ways we assess this sort of stuff in the unit is through reflective writing. So the students talk about their, basically write about their feelings or how they felt about what they learned, what they learned and how they felt about it. And I think often the students feel quite regretful that they lived in this framework of ignorance. And also like so we're acknowledging, you've given an example and we're acknowledging that there is a painful history between Aboriginal communities and scientific institutions, educational institutions in Australia. What type of considerations do you feel personally that you've had to make when trying to bring community members into a course like this in a historically culturally unsafe institution? I think let's just quickly backtrack for a sec. When it takes maybe a little bit more understanding to really get why people have Indigenous people, First Nations people, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, they have a bit of suspicion towards science and scientific stuff. And that leads over and extends over into a health and allied health professions as well, as you probably are aware. And a lot of this is due to the way social Darwinism was a really big thing in the late 20th, early, sorry, the late 19th, early 20th century. So with social Darwinism, could you expand just on what you mean? So social Darwinism is the idea that white people or the white race is more evolved or above or better than people of Asian or African or Indigenous descent. And so typically, these science at the time was propped up on this idea of social Darwinism. And that Indigenous people in Australia were essentially a link to the past. So they could study Indigenous people as a link to the past or the sort of like the more... It's like a living example. It's super brutal to talk. It's kind of a bit disgusting, even discussing it really, but just the way that people were thinking. But yeah, so it was basically like a real-life case study into how people were before they were civilised, which is typically a lot of the time the language that would be used to describe people at the time would be savages or natives or etc. So that's kind of where the distrust sits. And you can see it. You can read about it in history. And there's very famous stories about this sort of stuff in Australia that I think that a lot of people do know, but I don't think enough people know, and I think probably should be taught in school. But you know, I really am probably one that's relevant to hear Naam Melbourne would be the story of Truganini. Now Truganini is not Truganini, I should say. Truganini is not from Port Phillip area. She's not from the Kulin nations. She's a Tasmanian or a Lutruitan indigenous woman or she was. And she was from Bruni Island, which is down the southwest, I believe, of Tasmania, across the Dioncresto Channel. And the reason why her story is probably reasonably relevant to Naam Melbourne is because she was later in her life brought here and spent quite a lot of time with some troublemakers making trouble for the colony actionary actually. But her experience with science is kind of pretty fraught. I'm not going to talk all about her life, but she had recognised that a lot of her family members, friends that had passed. I should mention the reason why it's pretty famous story is because she up until and we don't really talk about, you know, blood quota percentage. And we think about identity a little bit different than that in Australia these days, especially among last black fellas. But she was at the time thought of as one of the last surviving true full blood black fellas or Aboriginal person. And so people from her family and from around here were quite, I guess, sought after by the this is it's pretty bizarre to think about this, but their bodies and their remains were really sought after by collectors. Because they wanted to collect them and study them. And she saw this happening and she really pleaded with Sir Augustus Robinson, who was the protector of the indigenous people, the protector of the Aborigines or Aboriginal protector, whatever the term was back in the day. But he was pleaded to by Drugnini to please just cremate me and then and spread my ashes back in the Dereclarso channel, which is, you know, the channel between her home on Brittany Island and the mainland, Lutruida Tasmania. And he after she passed, she was buried and then two years later exhumed and her body then spread amongst collectors. So it's pretty, this is where the distrust lies. I mean, that's a really good example to show you that even when Drugnini was pleading with somebody who she actually considered to be her friend, that the trust was immediately, yeah, it just didn't, the trust wasn't founded. He let that happen anyway. So that's really a harrowing story, honestly. And I know it's one of endless, countless stories here. And just to just to point out too, you know, repatriation is the actual work of bringing people, old people, ancestors back to country. It's super important. And it's, it's very, as an indigenous person, an Aboriginal person is extremely difficult, like it's lots of emotion, it's heavy, a lot of weight. Not only do you have responsibility for those old people, but those old people are not at rest. This happens, and it's happening, and it's a really good thing that it's happening. My fellow, another Northern Jetty fellow, a bloke by the name of Christopher Wilson, Dr. Christopher Wilson, he's an archaeologist, and he was at Flinders Uni, but now I believe he's just taken a job, Flinders Uni in South Australia, in Adelaide. He's just taken a job in Queensland, but he was an associate professor at Flinders University, and he was working with museums and elders in the non-Deddy community to repatriate bodies. And that's a really important work, just a side note. No, I think I think I'm very glad that you brought it up, because you're able to offer perspectives that a lot of us have not been able to have any sort of access to or be aware of, and especially to talk in any story.  It was proven to be, even if you look at Indigenous identity from its basest, most vulgar factor of percentage. She was fully descendant from people that lived in the area at the time, but she wasn't even the last surviving person from her community anyway, so it was a little bit of a moot point anyway. Yeah, it's sort of like so much suffering and pain, but for what gain? And so I thank you for providing examples on the way that these types of institutions have treated Aboriginal people. And we've seen it recently. It's important to say that this stuff happened in the past, but it's also part of truth telling is recognising when you're still doing the same stuff. We've seen this recently with the recent change of government and the burial of maromains that were in institutions back on country near like Mungo, which Mungo is a really... I mean, if you know anything about Australian archaeology, it's a massively important site and area and it's been studied a lot, but there were some bodies that were repatriated back from museums to country and there were still discussions going on with local people and actually especially elders about how those people should be buried. And one of the last things the minister at the time before our recent change of government did before they lost government was to just bury the bodies without due consultation with local communities. So that happened literally months ago. So yeah, this is a process where you're finally getting bodies back home, which should have never been removed from country to begin with, and then you finally get them home to make up for the damage in the past or only to once again be participating in disregarding an Aboriginal way of paying respect to members who are past and respecting those burial rights or traditions that are associated. So it's one of those things where yes, this happened in the past, but we're clearly just seeing... They're still doing, the ignorance is still there and that's important to recognise. Yeah, no, I agree. And so in the context of then, say universities and research, I know you and I previously before meeting today have discussed this idea of given that history, why it's really important to have data and research sovereignty when it comes to working with Indigenous communities. Would you be able to sort of tell us a bit about what that means and why that's important? Yeah, so I'm a black fella. I understand that I have fair skin and we should probably make a point of this. Indigenous Australian people, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, often refer to themselves as black fellas, even if they don't have black skin. And this is typically just a cultural reference to themselves. And it is... Normally people... Whilst it's important to recognise that people of darker skin still have more prejudice than lighter skinned Indigenous people. We're all still Indigenous. And so when I do refer to myself as a black fella, I'm aware that I have fair skin. No, it's good that we haven't discussed those type of definitions before either, so it is helpful for people to be aware as to what those words mean. So it's really important to... I'm a scientist and I work from Monash University and I would typically approach people being very honest that I work for an institution. But as soon as... Even people that I know, as soon as that I say that it's part of a Monash University program, often they're very suspicious. And the suspicion is valid. And the way that they feel about institutions is valid. It's important for... It's important to recognise that a lot of the time, science and Western science just wants to pull and store knowledge. It wants to know everything and it thinks it has the right to know everything. And it's funny and it sort of exists in this idea that knowledge should be shared and everybody should be able to have access to knowledge, but then they gate it behind publishing companies and charge you $30 to read a single article. But that's another story. But it's important that when you approach an Indigenous community, when you work for a research institution, it's important to recognise that those people have sovereignty over country and knowledge is part of country and that knowledge... They have sovereignty over that knowledge. Any data collected around things related to country. So if a biologist wanted to go onto country and work with Indigenous people to understand more about local ecology, I think that it would be really important for that biologist to then understand that the Indigenous knowledge related to that stuff should remain in the hands or it should still belong to the people that those stories belong to. Otherwise you're taking it out of its context and it starts to lose a little bit of its sense or it starts to lose a lot of its meaning. So even when I approach Indigenous communities as a Black fellow, they're still suspicious that because I work for an institution, they're going to... I'm going to take control of their intellectual property of their knowledge and then it's seen as sort of stealing culture. And when you do approach Indigenous people, you really need to talk with them and talk about stuff with them, what's appropriate to share, what's appropriate to talk about, or you only take snippets from stuff that has been freely expressed to the rest of the world through media or through resources that those Indigenous communities have developed. I just want to state, I don't think there is anything specifically wrong with research institutions approaching Indigenous communities to then further understand their relationship with country and the world and what they can teach about the interconnected nature of that country and the ecology and the weather and all that sort of stuff. I don't think there's anything wrong with research institutions helping and giving context, but I think that the research itself should be community driven and those community members should have the right to say what can and cannot be freely given up as part of that research or knowledge can freely be talked about or discussed as part of that knowledge. I think that that data that is collected in relationship to Indigenous knowledges should remain the intrinsic property or the intrinsic intellectual property I guess would be the term of that community of those people because if you take knowledge out of context then often it loses a lot of its meaning. Yeah definitely and we can see the way that with reproducing Indigenous knowledges without that greater context without community consultation you can end up as well with really misrepresenting Aboriginal knowledges. In fact to talk about more stuff that's been happening recently I try to keep up with stuff but sometimes it's pretty overwhelming but I do try to keep up with it. There was some large scale fuel reduction burns that happened. Did you see this story? I don't think so. I think I can't really quite remember where it happened it was definitely in Victoria. I can't remember the specific location but the whole idea in Australia behind fuel reduction burning is rooted actually in Indigenous knowledges. Indigenous people have been cultivating the land using fire and for millennia. When I say millennia I mean thousands of years, tens of thousands of years. And this fuel reduction burning so we're referring to specifically looking at things that may trigger massive bushfires in the landscape. Yeah so fuel would be fuel load would be leaf litter, bark, dead trees that sort of stuff. And typically Indigenous people have very localised understandings of how fire systems work well how fire works with a broader ecological system and they sort of exploit that knowledge to get the least destructive outcomes with the most benefit to themselves and country because remember we are intrinsically part of country. Absolutely. But I saw that this fuel reduction burn happened and it killed a lot of native animals. It was very burnt really hot burnt up into the canopy of the trees and it kind of left the area in a worse state than what it was previously. And who conducted these? It would have been the local council through the I guess the CFA. So it's sort of trying to use an Aboriginal method for caring for the land but clearly not in the right context. Yeah so it's evidence of well it's a case study I guess of people taking Indigenous knowledges but not fully understanding the framework of the context of those Indigenous knowledges. And you know the fuel reduction might have been successful you still remove fuel from the area but what you're going to see is in successive years you're going to start getting probably more fuel load because you have all these plants come in that are sort of opportunist plants and they fill in an area filling in this sort of space that would have been taken up typically by like ecosystem or the plants would have been there for much longer and those plants then die off and they just create a bunch more or higher fuel loads in excessive successive years so. So it's starting to cause. You're sort of fixing the problem but causing the problem. Causing a new problem and that's just a lack of understanding. While you have a fuel reduction it might be safe for the next five years or something like that it's just going to become worse and worse when you approach the problem in that manner. So I think you've done an excellent job of illustrating how context is really important when we're dealing with Aboriginal knowledges and bits of methods for caring for the land for example coming from Aboriginal knowledge systems but being taken and sort of removed from the context so we're seeing the negative impact that can have. So I want to then bring us sort of back to this idea of something that you and I are across maybe people who are getting to watch our conversation unfamiliar with but the idea that Indigenous knowledge systems are really intrinsically interconnected so losing that context or losing part of that bigger picture can actually have pretty serious impact and so I was wondering how have you tried to approach teaching an interconnected knowledge system in a course like Psy 2030. Yeah so a little bit about the the course is yeah it does we'll go just circle back to what it actually is so Psy 2030 is it's titled science for the eyes science through the eyes of the first Australians actually I think Indigenous science is still in the title but the whole point of it is to try to explain that Indigenous people use the similar concepts to what a scientist would use observation experimentation repeating those observations and experiments over long periods of time to gain an understanding of how the world works that that that idea I think a lot of people forget is not is not unique to science it science is not the only philosophical ideology that that tries to tackle understanding of the universe in this manner I guess where science and Indigenous knowledge is really diverge is that and I'm not saying Indigenous people don't do this because they do and it's an important part of understanding that science really tries to focus on it pigeonholes everything at branches start like I said earlier I was a sedimentologist and structural geologist and these are these are actually pretty broad like broad schools of understanding within and even broader school of understanding that can then be brought down to even smaller aspects of those those particular areas of study of science and so what people try to do is they try to become really really knowledgeable about really like small areas of knowledge and they they try to then rig they they then try to bounce like sort of rely on the broader community to then sort of like the scientific community then sort of try to bring those ideas together often it's it a lot of people aren't as good as visualizing bigger picture when it comes to science and it happens that it sort of takes a longer time and and and it's not necessarily as effective but it works it science science works in general um but so in science we have these big broad schools we have biology chemistry physics mathematics um earth sciences um and in the earth sciences you have the geosciences the climate science geography um etc etc like we have all these very regimented structural framework around how you learn and there is a red prevention structural framework about how you're learning from indigenous perspective but that there tends to be less of a focus on trying to understand the the really small things and more of a focus on trying to understand how everything sort of fits together so instead of taking all of these sort of abstract ideas and trying to then put them all back together you you start you start with everything together and you always look at stuff within its context you always try to understand stuff things within their context within the broader context of of of where they of what is happening in in in in on country I guess would be the the correct term so the way that we tackle this is we we really do have to approach it from a way that the average you know undergraduate science student would understand and that is by by taking these broader schools and then showing how indigenous people um understand that that those concepts but then showing them within the broader context of country uh what we try to do yeah yeah um so that's kind of how that works yeah yeah I I mean you've done it you teach you teach with me so you I think you you kind of get that no I I definitely see and and that sort of brings me then on to the my next question which is talking about um representation of indigenous voices in science in institutions I was wondering whether you could tell us whether you think um Aboriginal voices are represented well or underrepresented and why do you think representation matters um so it's really important when you talk on indigenous issues to not or indigeneity is to not be a talking head right unless you have you know express um sort of um understanding in community that you do have that right to talk of talk as a person of authority or of knowledge um then it's important to understand that um indigenous communities tend to tend to share a lot of thought and and understanding of the world within the community so the community you can't if you're talking about community you're talking about all the people in community in unless you have permission to really to be that that that person to talk on behalf of community it's really important to understand that you shouldn't be the you should not be the uh the talking head you shouldn't go around just saying stuff you shouldn't you should be aware that the things that you say um can can have broader effects and consequences and so I think that um when it comes to representation um say in my unit I really I try to not be the only person discussing indigeneity and well the only indigenous person discussing indigeneity issues and indigeneity um which is why I I like having you in the course because you have your own perspective and your own understanding um I I have uh you know Joe he comes in and he talks about he he he helps me with the the cultural competency I could do cultural competency by myself but it's important to have give other people afford the other people opportunity to have voices and voice um aspects of of what how they how they see the world and from the perspective of their communities as well um and so I try to have as many to represent as many people or indigenous people that I can in the unit and part of that is also um I think a lot of the time um people and the government loves this is that they especially again stuff that's really relevant at the moment um is that they really like to think that well the broader broader Australian people really like the idea that indigenous people are this group a big group of their indigenous people Aboriginal people um there were some sort of like homogenous sort of there was this homogenous group and we all sort of think the same and we're politically um homogenous uh and uh it really works well for the narrative because I think Westerners really struggle with the idea that actually um there are shades of gray and there's not the world is not a dichotomy uh believe it or not um but uh so for me it's really important that I get a lot of different people from different parts of the country um to to talk about their perspective um and that's representation um not just indigenous representation but trying to represent the the the fact that indigenousness is not homogenous indigeneity is not homogenous um and so you know I you Joe I've had other guest speakers in the past um and and that's really important um now when it comes to representation on a broader scale um I don't really know what you want me to say about it other than um other than obvious uh there is not enough yeah um I get asked this question a lot from people in my unit um so we talked about this concept of cultural competency a cultural competency in the modern western society is seen as a key employability skill um being able to uh amicably have conversations with believe it or not having able to amicably have conversations with um indigenous Australians is seen as an employability skill um which is it's it's pretty funny when you think about it but um uh I often get this question you know uh but what if there's no indigenous people in the institution that I work for um and how do I uh what if we you know we really want to know about that these these like these river systems and how they like linked and so how we can manage water better and and better better properly um better allow you know water allocations and that sort of stuff say we're talking from a agricultural um versus environmental versus talking about big stakeholders and things like that um they're like so what if there's no indigenous people in our in our institution what are we supposed to do and and I always go well this is not really I mean it's an easy question to answer um and you're probably not really going to like the answer um uh but it's a it's an easy question to answer but a hard problem to solve and the answer is always you need to have indigenous representation if you if you don't if you don't know how to approach uh the indigenous communities or if you don't know how to work with them um beyond having this um this uh dialogue with them then you need to start bringing them into the institutions that are making these decisions um if you can't do that you can have a reciprocal relationship but reciprocity really um relies on I think representation so um yeah often it's a hard problem to fix um but an easy question to answer um but yeah um if my broader view on representation isn't enough I am the um the only uh indigenous identified average um indigenous identified person that is an academic in the school of science at the faculty of science at Monash University yeah uh Monash University is massive so you'd expect that that number would be quite different but you're sort of just on your lonesome yeah I wouldn't make it don't make it sound so bleak but as an indigenous person yes I am I am the sole voice in the in the institution in the faculty of science yes which is challenging and it's really challenging um when we talk about representation um we have especially when it comes to STEM we have these these already really ingrained barriers for indigenous people to enter it and we started up talking about mistrust but um indigenous people typically get do worse at school um they they have stronger connections and um stronger um responsibilities to family um to country um and all of those sorts of things and so the barrier to entry is not only high because science is racist but it's high because um science is exclusionary so especially at institutions like Monash University so um there's sort of like a lot of elements to this then too then there's a lot of elements to it and it also comes back to you you can't be what you can't see you know this whole this whole idea of people typically don't like to do stuff that they can't well they it's not that I don't like to do it they people often don't go into areas of study or go into into careers where they they don't have a role model or somebody to to to show them that they can also that they can do that um and so because we have such low representation of indigenous people in STEM subjects topics in general um typically people indigenous people don't see themselves as doing that they they fundamentally one don't understand why it would be important well they do understand the importance of it but they don't understand that I feel like they don't really want to participate in the the broader context of science and um it's exclusionary and they can't see themselves doing it so it's there's a bit of a barrier there's I can really relate at least from the perspective of um a young woman coming from a rural background growing up in poverty uh hurdles when accessing education I I found it really difficult to imagine myself being an astronomer or doing any of the work that I'm doing nowadays and I can see the difference that it does make when you see people you respect and admire people that you can relate to in these spaces that make it seem a bit more um welcoming and possible to achieve so I get where you're coming from a very personal sort of um point point of view from mine so often it takes the courage and I think you hear elders talk about this a lot right it takes the courage to walk into walk into worlds right um this concept of you still have your cultural obligation you actually still have obligation in a country and that obligation only becomes more and more um that obligation only becomes more and more strong the the longer you ignore it or follow follow a different path in your life um and so you really have to balance this this cultural responsibility but also trying to fit in and live within those societal structures and be successful be successful in and as you know like you know I have a lot of like a lot of my family history is is is really challenging to to to think about and to to to confront and to to discuss and to research and understand what happened to a lot of people in my family because because they were indigenous actually actually because they were indigenous and so um succeeding for indigenous people in this society is is is a is a challenge in itself let alone being a scientist or or or um you know a leader in an organisation or um or just making rent you know what I mean yeah you know I do it's hard for indigenous people it's hard for everybody it's it's harder for indigenous people it's a much higher entry um much higher barrier to entry yeah you know well there's a lot of discussions at the moment um about treaty and relationship with um the Australian government um which is a colonial government uh that is imported from Europe uh with with a treaty with Australia's first people and that's in Aboriginal people or people who identify as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and a big part of that and you'll hear this if you if you if you if you really try to research understand treaty um especially in Victoria where we are now I think we try to I try to keep stuff relevant you get to understand my family and not from Victoria I grew up most of my life in Victoria um but my family are not from and my indigenous um connection is not in Victoria but it's important to try and talk about things we're here in Narm and it's important to talk about the problems that are related to the people here and when you when you look at specifically look at Victorian Treaty um you hear a lot about and this is not just um not just unique to Victorian Treaty but you do hear a lot of talking about truth telling truth telling is just super important it's acknowledging that that what has happened has happened and through truth telling you can those those um events can really be understood and then the people that perpetrated all the ancestors or the system that um that allowed the people to perpetrate those those great deep crimes or those great deep um uh I guess um theft of land and resources from indigenous people uh the more those people can then start to realize that now maybe we should start giving back giving back to indigenous communities and that's part of of treaty it's it's not just it's just not it's not just having some hollow agreement that is that the government has with indigenous people the nebulous indigenous people it's about telling the truth and it's about um it's about empowering indigenous communities to actually have um to to um to maintain sovereignty their right to sovereignty over their land to make decisions to to to have control of their their resources as much as buckfellas would not use them the same way that um crinkly wood um but yeah it's it's really important yeah I definitely agree I um I had a conversation with um Uncle Dave Widders who is a Gamilaroi and I apologise because I have forgotten his other mob that he identifies with uh but it was during one of these types of cultural competency discussions and he pointed out that for a lot of black fellas across this country country um for many of us we're sort of we are in the midst of being the first generation of education the first generation with the potential to have any sort of wealth so yeah it is there are a lot of hurdles uh in front of us instead um further than just getting higher to the university so many hurdles along the way of being able to keep in school to be able to um form a sort of stable life given the resources that a lot of us had uh so I am to conclude this I have to say I'm really I really admire your work I am really grateful that you've shared your thoughts with us today talking about a lot of your perspectives when it comes to indigeneity comes to concepts of country and also the way that we can talk about Aboriginal knowledge systems in Western institutions while acknowledging the history that exists there and why there are certain rifts so uh yeah I want to thank you for your work and say that I feel uh very reassured knowing that you are someone leading that type of change within our university


So with the final weeks of the ATP season fast approaching, and Elkeres pulling out of Basel next week, it kind of changes things with this race to world number one, this three players in contention, Mevedev, Djokovic, Elkeras. We're going to go through the most likely scenarios of each guy and see which one might actually happen and who's got the best chances. So let's start with Mevedev because here's the hardest road back to world number one. So let's say Djokovic and Elkeras for some reason don't win any more matches for the rest of the year. They both lose first round Paris, they both lose all their matches at the ATP finals. Then Mevedev will have to win Vienna next week, win Paris the week after, and then go 3-0 in the group stages making the semifinals the ADB finals. That's the minimum requirement if he's going to get to world number one. So not very realistic of course, Mevedev could do all those things, but it's very unlikely that Djokovic for example is going to lose every match for the rest of the year. A more likely scenario for Mevedev, let's say he does win next week in Vienna, and Djokovic and Elkeras make it to the semifinals of Paris. Mevedev would have to win Paris and then going into the ADB finals would have to hope that both Elkeras and Djokovic don't make it through the group stage. Maybe they win one match each and then Mevedev would have to win the entire event to get to world number one. So that's a more likely scenario for Mevedev, but he's basically going to win everything from now on and hope that Elkeras and Djokovic again don't perform super well at the end of the year. So taking Mevedev out of the picture because let's be honest, he kind of needs a miracle to get to world number one and with Elkeras injured maybe he's halfway there. Let's stick with the two big guys. So Djokovic, how does he stay number one? So they're both not playing next week so no points change next week. If Djokovic does win Paris and beats Elkeras in the final then going into the ADB finals, Djokovic would only have to win all group stage matches to make the semis to force Elkeras to have to win the whole event. And even then, if Elkeras does win the whole event, it won't be enough because they will be even on points but Djokovic has played less events which gives him the world number one ranking. Now let's look at Elkeras's dream scenario. So if Djokovic does lose in the Paris semifinals and Elkeras does win the whole event, he's going to have to hope that Djokovic doesn't make it past the semifinals and he himself will have to make the final at the minimum to get that world number one ranking back. If Djokovic does get better than a semifinal in Paris or does make it into the finals of the ADB finals, then Elkeras is going to have to do a lot more but it really comes down to who wins Paris, not just between Djokovic and Elkeras but also with Medvedev, whoever wins Paris, if it's one of these guys, it's going to put them in a really good position going into the final tournament of the year of the ADB finals. So there it is, a little bit of a confusing situation I guess, it's kind of easy for Medvedev, if he doesn't win everything from now on he's probably not going to be world number one unless disaster strikes Djokovic. And you know Elkeras is already injured so that's also maybe a chance he could be number two in the world but to be number one he's going to have to hope that Djokovic has the worst end of a season ever. For Elkeras you know he's going to have to do a couple of things right, he's going to have to hope his body holds together, that's the hardest part for Elkeras, the world number one ranking is probably not even in his head, it's just staying healthy. Now if Djokovic does win Paris which he has done many times and he does do decent at the ADB finals which again he's done many times, he should be world number one so it should be Djokovic at the end of the year unless something catastrophic happens. To Novak or somebody has an absolute blinding end of the year but let me know down in the comments below who do you think is going to be world number one, do you think Elkeras can sneak it out in the end even though he's not playing next week or do you think Medvedev can come from nowhere to take it at the end but most likely going to be Djokovic and of course it should be, he's won three slams this year.