Hello, I am Ganesh Biyagalai working as an assistant professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Valchin Institute of Technology, Solapur. In this session of a vapor compression cycle, we will see methods to improve COP, learning outcome. At the end of this session, students will be able to illustrate regenerative vapor compression cycle and derive COP. In the previous session, we have seen subcooled VCC, superheated VCC. Now we will go for the regenerative VCC. These are the three methods for improving the COP. In the regenerative VCC, there is heat exchanger. To this heat exchanger, there will be flow of low pressure, low temperature, vapor refrigerant and the counter flow fluid has high pressure, high temperature properties. Now this regenerative heat exchanger is connected to EO operator. The outlet of EO operator is given to inlet of heat exchanger. This is EO operator. This heat exchanger, regenerative heat exchanger is connected to the compressor. So here we are going to modify simple VCC to get the regenerative VCC cycle. Outlet of compressor, outlet of compressor, superheated refrigerant in the same manner as that of the simple VCC will flow through the condenser. In the condenser, there will be condensation of superheated vapor into saturated VCC. Then this condenser is connected to the regenerative heat exchanger. This high pressure, high temperature refrigerant will do the heat transfer, will reject the heat. So this sub cooled refrigerant will undergo the expansion process that is throttling process. So this becomes the schematic diagram of vapor to vapor or regenerative heat exchanger. Now we will give the notation 1 to outlet of vapor refrigerant of the EO operator. The refrigerant leaving the EO operator will consider it is dry and saturated vapor. As it has low pressure, low temperature, it will gain the heat from the counter flowing high pressure, high temperature liquid refrigerant. So high pressure, high temperature refrigerant is rejecting heat to same refrigerant because this is closed cycle and in the regenerative heat exchanger single refrigerant is used. So there will be heat exchange between high pressure, high temperature refrigerant coming from the condenser to low temperature, low pressure counter flowing vapor refrigerant. That is why this is the counter flow type of the heat exchanger. Now 1 to 1 dash will be heat gain by the low pressure refrigerant. Then there will be compression from 1 dash to 2 actual cycle I will show on the pH plot. 2 to 3 will be the isobaric condensation process. Then at the same state this liquid refrigerant will enter into the heat exchanger and there will be decrease in the heat from 3 to 3 dash. At 3 dash refrigerant will undergo the throttling process, its pressure will get decreased from condenser pressure to E operator pressure I will use notation 4 dash for the heat exchanger meanwhile you consider it as a 4. Now this process will show on the pH plot, on the pH plot. So this is the pH plot, this is the saturation curve. We have drawn in the previous session the saturated VCC curve and the notations were 1, 2, 3, 4. These notations were used. Now for saturated VCC the vapour leaving the E operator is at 1 which is saturated vapour. As we will use the regenerative heat exchanger this refrigerant will gain the heat in the pipe from 1 to 1 dash. This much amount of the connection connected pipe will be inside the heat exchanger. We can make the assumption the pipe which connects the E operator and heat exchanger is perfectly insulated. So heat transfer is possible inside the heat exchanger only that is why heat gain from 1 to 1 dash from 1 to 1 dash by the low pressure low temperature vapour refrigerant will happen in the heat exchanger. And this process already can you recall 1 to 1 dash in which type of the COP improvement method we have seen. Yes this is the super heating 1 to 1 dash. At 1 dash the superheated refrigerant will enter into the compressor and there will be compression from 1 dash to 2 dash. This is the new compression process. Then at 2 dash now this more superheated refrigerant will undergo the condensation process from 2 dash to 3, 2 dash to 3 in the condenser assuming the pipe which connects the condenser and the heat exchanger is perfectly insulated, perfectly insulated. The heat transfer will occur inside the heat exchanger from 3 to 3 dash that is why because of heat rejection because of heat rejection below the saturated liquid curve there will be subcoiling process from 3 to 3 dash. Then at 3 dash there will be throttling process there will be throttling process and at 4 dash more liquid refrigerant, more wet refrigerant having lower dryness fraction will enter into the EU operator and will get more refrigerating effect. So by using the regenerated heat exchanger simultaneously we will get the superheating and subcoiling process. Now what is its effect on the COP? For theoretical VCC, theoretical VCC we had written COP is equal to refrigerating effect divided by work consumption and the refrigerating effect was H1 minus H4 divided by H2 minus H1. Now for new refrigerating effect that is by using the regenerated heat exchanger will get new COP denoted by dash which is equal to new refrigerating effect divided by new work consumption which is equal to there is increase in the refrigerating effect H1 dash minus H4 dash divided by there is increase in the work consumption H2 dash minus H1 dash. Now using the heat exchanger regenerated heat exchanger there is improvement in the refrigerating effect and at the same time there is increase or improvement in the work consumption. So numerator and denominator both terms are increasing. So the prediction of COP depends on the type of refrigerant used in the VCC. Now how many types of refrigerants are there? N number of types like 1, 3, 4, 8, R 22, R 7, 1, 7. So depending upon their thermodynamic properties the COP may increase or decrease. So it is found for most of the refrigerants the COP increases. So by using simple device this heat exchanger we can manufacture it by fabrication methods take a simple sheet, make a enclosure, in that enclosure just to put either single tube which is flowing without opening to the heat exchanger another counter flowing pipe we can open it here means this low pressure low temperature refrigerant will come in direct contact with the counter flowing vapor refrigerant. So by placing this simple heat exchanger we will get improvement in the COP. For further study you can refer refrigeration and air conditioning by CP Aurora and WF Stoker. Thank you.


Hello everybody! In today's video, I'm going to show you how to replace a hard disk, random access memory, cooling system, or other components in a laptop. You will see how to do it and what difficulties you may encounter in the process. I will also say a few words about making the smart choice of a hard disk for a laptop. Let's begin. In our channel and blog, you will find solutions to any problem, from installing an operating system or configuring it to fixing possible bugs and errors or optimizing mobile gadgets. Our specialists will answer any questions you ask in your comments under the videos or articles. Generally speaking, there are two reasons making laptop owners think about replacing a hard disk. They either want to boost the computer performance and expand the disk space or get the laptop back to work because the old hard disk got out of order. If you go for high performance, it's better to replace the old HDD with a good solid state drive. The reading-write speeds are considerably higher. Yet, if you mean more space, choose a conventional hard disk. Yes, they can be a dozen times slower than any SSD, but they are so much cheaper. Besides, hard disks are more reliable than solid state drives in terms of keeping your data safe. Recovering data from a full HDD is almost always possible as long as the disk platters are intact. On the other hand, there are certain difficulties if you may encounter if an SSD stops working. In our channel, there is an impressive playlist of videos about recovering data from both conventional hard disks and solid state drives. If you are interested, please follow the link below. Before you buy and mount a new storage component, you need to decide what kind of disk you need and make sure it fits your laptop. Ideally, connection interfaces for the new and the old disks should be the same. Almost all modern laptops support disks with a SATA interface. The only exception is Ultrabooks and Netbooks with integrated flash memory, the kind of storage that smartphones and tablets are sporting, or portable computers that only support slim SSDs with M-SATA and M.2 interfaces, but we are not going any deeper now. This is what a SATA connector looks like. If your old hard disk has the same interface type, there is no problem to find a replacement. Old machines produced before introduction of SATA have wide ribbon cables with the IDE, or PETA, interface. These days, finding a new hard disk of this type is next to impossible, so you are more likely to end up using a SATA disk with a special adapter. However, bear in mind that such a replacement only makes sense if the original disk is broken. No matter how fast the new SATA drive is, it will still exchange data with the rest of the laptop at the same miserable speed of the IDE interface. Form factor and thickness, otherwise known as height. The actual dimensions of a hard disk determine if it's going to fit inside the portable computer. Standard hard disks for laptops come in two form factors – 2.5-inch canoes and 1.8-inch small for Netbooks and Ultrabooks. To replace an old disk, you need to find a new drive in the same form factor and with the height being the same or less. However, in the second case, some kind of gasket has to be used to eliminate vibration. And finally, how to take out the old hard disk and install a new one? Replacing the hard disk is one of the easiest operations involving the laptop hardware. It doesn't require any serious dismantling in most of the cases. You will have to open the underside cover and take out a few screws that hold the distant base. Then, take out the old one and put inside the new one. Many models have a special cover for the hard disk unit. It makes the entire process even simpler, and in three to five minutes the new disk is ready for work. The only tool required to replace the hard disk is a Phillips screwdriver. First of all, unplug the power adapter and remove the battery. This is an important part. For that, use the screwdriver to take out screws holding the disk cover and open it. Take out any screws used to fix the hard disk in its place, if you see any. Some models do not use the screws, but the hard disk is just firmly fitted into the compartment. On the opposite side of the data connector, there may be a kind of latch to release the hard disk. If there is one, move it for the disk to slide back a little. Now, taking it out is much easier. The disk could be sitting inside a sort of metal or rubber frame. Remove that and put it onto the new disk. Put the disk into the compartment, use the screws to secure its position and close the covers using corresponding screws to ensure it sits firmly. Now, everything is ready. If your computer has an optical drive or there is a special compartment with a special cover on it, you can use this face to install another HDD or SSD. The necessary requirement is to buy a special adapter. The steps for connecting and installing it are usually shown on special stickers you can find on the adapter. Even without them, the task is not so difficult as it seems. After you try a do-it-yourself approach in replacing a hard disk in your laptop, adding another disk will be as easy as it in a piece of cake. When everything is over, put the laptop together in the reverse order. As soon as the last screw is finished and the battery is back to its proper place, turn the laptop on and install Windows onto the new hard disk. Talking of installing an operating system, there is another how-to playlist you can enjoy in our channel. I will give the link in the description. To replace the system memory for the cooling system or Wi-Fi module of a laptop, you will have to take some other covers away. In my case, for a laptop Acerus Fire 5100, remove screws and open one more cover on the underside. However, in some models you can remove the underside in one piece, but the entire procedure is not so simple. Under the cover, you can see everything you need. Here is the RAM stick. To take it out, open the clips and the stick will turn up. Take it out of the slot carefully. Do the same to the other stick if your RAM comes in two models. Put the new stick into the slot and press slightly to have the clips spring into place. Talking of choosing a new RAM stick, the new model has to be of the same type as the old one – DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 and so on. You can find this information on a sticker placed on the memory module. Also, pay attention to the maximal memory size that the central processor of your specific laptop can support. This information is usually given in the CPU specifications. That is, you are unlikely to replace two sticks of 512 MB each with two sticks of 8 GB each. In the same way, remove the Wi-Fi model. This is what it looks like. The model name and number are usually specified on the component. When choosing a new Wi-Fi model, read its description attentively. Typically, seller-specific laptop models wear a certain Wi-Fi model could fit, and the models which don't support it. There are even laptops where there is no way to replace the wireless network adapter. They have a kind of association recorded in the BIAS, and the laptop only works with the network adapter which it had originally installed at the factory. It is typical for HP and Dell devices. It is in my next video that I will tell you how to eliminate the problem of overheating. But as long as this cover is open, you can also see the cooling system. If, for some reason, you want to replace the cooling fan, follow the simple steps. Take out the screws holding it. Disconnect the power cable. Take the fan out. When you need to replace a faulty cooling fan in your laptop, you should find a new fan of the same type and model, because other models will certainly differ by dimensions and pinouts. Besides, laptops with dual fan cooling systems have different coolers for the right and left sides, which cannot be used interchangeably. The fan model is usually specified on its body. When you want to put back the model you have removed, follow the same steps but in the reverse order. Watch my next video about cleaning a laptop from dust. Step by step I will show you how to take out the motherboard, the cooling system and replace the thermal paste on the center processor and chipset. And that is all for now. Hit the like button below and subscribe to have more software channel. Leave comments to ask questions. Thank you for watching. Good luck.


Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Iyer's Academy. These are the list of news articles chosen for today's discussion. We are given along with the page numbers of different editions. The link for the handwritten notes in PDF format and the time stamping for the discussed articles are provided in the description box as well as in the comment section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers. Let us now move on to the analysis of the first news article. Now let us take up this news article which talks about a plea in the Supreme Court seeking a direction from it to repeal the provisions which criminalizes begging in the nation. And the plea claimed that the sections of the statute that criminalizes begging were found to be violative of the constitutional rights and it also referred to the August 2018 verdict of the Delhi High Court which had decriminalized begging in the national capital. So in this regard the Supreme Court is asked the centre and four states including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana to file their response within three weeks and even though a notice was issued to these four states and also Bihar on the plea only Bihar has so far filed its response. So in this context let us have a brief understanding about legislation on begging in India. See we should know that there is no national legislation dealing with beggary in India. After independence in 1947 many Indian states have a beggary loss. Of all the state enactments the Bombay Prevention of Begging Act of 1959 has been in the limelight. Now this is especially because of its application in the metropolis of Mumbai and the subsequent extension to the Union Territory of Delhi in 1960. But the Delhi High Court in a landmark judgement titled Harsh Mandar vesses the Union of India and Karnik Saune vesses the Union of India held the Bombay Prevention of Begging Act of 1959 as unconstitutional and it was held unconstitutional on the grounds that it violates the Article 14 and Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. See we should know that criminalising begging violates the fundamental rights of the most vulnerable people in our society and also it ignores the reality that the poorest of the poor are forced to beg not as a choice but as a last resort owing to various socio-economic conditions. And as a recent plea has noted it is a government which is mandated to provide social security to everyone and to ensure that all had basic facilities as embedded in the DPSP or the Directive Principles of State Policy of our Constitution. However the presence of beggars is the evidence that the state has failed to provide these basic facilities to all its citizens. So in this regard know that the provisions of the Railway Act of 1989 also criminalises begging and now the Ministry of Railways is proposed to amend the provisions of the Act in order to decriminalise or to rationalise the penalties for begging. Here section 144 subsection 2 of the Railway Act says that if any person begs in any railway carriage or at a railway station then he or she shall be liable for punishment which is imprisonment for a term that may extend to one year or with a fine that may extend to rupees 2000 or with both. But now the proposed amendment to the subsection 2 of this section states that no person shall be permitted to beg in any railway carriage or upon any part of the railway. So this means at present the severity of the punishment is considerably reduced so we can say that there will be no punishment for begging in railway. With this we have come to the end of this news discussion. Look at this news article. The article talks about the new discovery of Quezas. First let's understand about Quezas. See the term Queza derives from how these objects were originally discovered in the earliest radio surveys of the sky back in 1950s. They were dubbed quasi-stellar radio sources because of the bright star-like appearance and they were rechristened by 1964 to be Queza. Know that perhaps one of the most perplexing mysteries in current astrophysics is the science behind these Quezas. See Quezas are the brightest and most distant star-like objects that is found in the known universe. In fact they are so bright and they emit so much energy that some of them are believed to be producing around 10 to 100 times more energy than the entire Milky Way Galaxy. So from this you can get a picture of how large amount of energies are being emitted by them. So what is this Queza exactly? See until recently the purpose of these energetic objects was a subject of controversy. Now it's generally agreed upon that Quezas are produced by super massive black holes consuming matter. See in 1963 the first measurement of the distance to a Queza that is a radio source that looks like a star invisible light showed it to be an enormously powerful beacon lying billions of light years away. Now let me get to the basics to explain this. We know black holes are massive structures of gravity that even light doesn't travel past it. When an object nears a black hole under the influence of the black hole it is drawn towards it faster and faster in that process.  Since lights cannot escape the supermassive black holes that are at the center of Quezas the escaping energy is actually generated outside the event horizon. See an event horizon is nothing but the boundary that is defining the region of space around a black hole from which nothing not even light can escape. Quezas are observed so far away and in relatively young galaxies and it is believed that they could be the first step in the evolutionary process of a galaxy and perhaps the supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy once hosted a Quezar. Now coming to the article the article talks about the newly discovered Quezas and this rare discovery increases the number of known Quezas or Quads by about 25% and also they can help determine the expansion rate of the universe in addition to addressing other mysteries like dark matter. Remember these Quezas are also called Quads due to the formation structure in the sky. So with this information let's move on to the next article. Now let us take up this news article from the science and tech column. This article talks about the Hinders and Ganges River dolphins and the article says that both are different species. So first let us know about the two dolphins and then let us discuss this article. The syllabus relevant for this news article is highlighted below for your reference. First I'm talking about Indus River dolphins. They are believed to have originated in the ancient Tethys Sea. What happened is when the sea dried up approximately 50 million years ago the dolphins were forced to adapt to its only remaining habitat that is rivers and today they can be found in the lower parts of the Indus River in Pakistan and the river Bias which is a tributary of the Indus River in Punjab in India. It is to be noted that in Pakistan their numbers declined dramatically after the construction of an irrigation system and hence in that country most dolphins are confined to a 750 mile stretch of the river and they are divided into isolated populations by six barrages. The total population of the Indus River dolphins is estimated to be around 2000 and each of them weigh about 70 to 110 kilograms. Remember they have adapted to life in the muddy river and the eyes are so small that scientists believe that they are functionally blind. Also they rely on echolocation to navigate, communicate and hunt the prey which includes prawns, catfish and carp. Now on talking about the threats posed to them more Indus dolphins are dying as a result of accidentally being caught in the fishing nets which is also known as bycatch. Also some communities would rely heavily on fishing they think of the Indus River dolphin as a competition for fish and so poaching still occurs despite a ban on hunting and apart from these untreated sewage, industrial pollution, pesticides from sugarcane and cotton crops etc also pollute the river which causes destruction to their habitats. Note that the Indus River dolphins are listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List and they are included in Appendix 1 of Sites and importantly they are also included in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. Now on talking about the Gangetic River dolphin it was officially discovered in the year 1801. Earlier these dolphins were spotted in the Ganges Brahmabutra Meghna and Karnapurli Sangu River Systems of Nepal, India and Bangladesh. However at present the species is extinct from a major part of its early distribution ranges and it is to be noted that in 2009 they were declared as a national animal by the Government of India. Their total population is estimated at several thousand individuals spread across the rivers of Bangladesh, India and Nepal and they weigh about 150 to 170 kilograms. Know that the Ganges River dolphin can only live in fresh water and it is essentially blind. So being blind they catch the prey in the same manner like that of the Indus dolphin that is by emitting an ultrasonic sound which reaches the prey and the dolphin then registers this image in its mind and it subsequently catches hold of its prey. It is to be noted that they are frequently found alone or in small groups and generally a mother and a calf travel together. These calves are chocolate brown at birth and then have gray brown smooth airless canas adults. Remember the females are larger than males and they give birth once in every two to three years, that to only one calf. Now when we talk about the threats to these dolphins many dolphins die as a result of bycatch and then the Ganges River dolphins are also hunted for meat and oil which are both used medicinally. Their oil is also used to attract the catfishing net fishery. Apart from this industrial agricultural and human pollution is also another serious cause of habitat degradation because each year around 9000 tons of pesticides and 6 million tons of fertilizers are used in the vicinity of the river.  Know that being the top predator these river dolphins have been known to have high levels of persistent toxic chemicals in their bodies which is likely to cause adverse effects on their health and remember they are also listed as endangered on the IUCN red list and they are included in appendix one of sites and also in schedule one of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. Now let us talk about the recent research. See it is to be noted that currently both Indus and Ganges River dolphins are classified as two subspecies under Latinist Ganges. But as per a recent study that was conducted by a team from the University of St Andrews UK found out that the dolphins in the Indus River and those in the Ganges Brahmaputra rivers are sufficiently distinct to be classified as species in their own right and it estimates that Indus and Ganges River dolphins may have diverged around 550,000 years ago and the difference in their species was established with the help of the DNA. Further the research also showed that the two river dolphin species have different numbers of teeth, coloration, growth patterns and skull shapes as well as clear genetic differences. For your additional information other than Indus dolphin and Ganges River dolphin, the following river dolphins remain worldwide and they include the Irawadi dolphins, the Yangtze finless porpoise, the Amazon River dolphin and the Tukusi. Now let us take up this news article titled paying extortion money is not terror funding. See this article is regarding a supreme court judgment it said that extortion money paid to a terrorist organization in order to protect one's business is not terror funding. So in this regard the apex court released a ranchie-based cold businessman who was booked under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act. So in this context let us discuss in brief about the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act and also some of its provision. The syllabus covered by this article is highlighted below. First of all let us understand the issue as we know the communist party of India or Maoist in short is the largest and the most lethal naxalite or left-wing extremist group in India. To run its war missionary of huge size they require huge amount of finance as per a 2013 report Maoist raised around 142-250 crore a year through extortion, protection rackets etc. Now let us see the major sources of finance for the Maoist. See money is collected from individuals as well as businesses ranging from petty to big industries. The public work department contractors the mining industry illegal mining of minerals big industries then businessmen timber contractions bamboo contractors etc form the sources of finances for these Maoist and the rebels also levy taxes in their strongholds. In fact it is said that a jacket is the treasury of the Maoist and there is a symbiotic relationship between the Maoist and illegal mining as well as forest produce. See the PWD contractors are an important target for extortion by these Maoist and the amount extorted is determined by the nature of the work and its cost. Know that extortion is a crime of obtaining something from someone especially money by using force or threats. Now let us see the darker side of extortion as all the actors involved get a share of the pie everyone is happy and this refers to the contractors the Maoist and the public servants and eventually due to the poor quality of the works completed it is the people who suffer at the end and also in the affected areas because of these extortion and corruption the projects have been falling into the vicious cycle of time and cost escalation and today's article is also one such case wherein a coal businessman and jakin was forced to pay extortion money to the Tritiya Prashtiti committee which is a splinter group of the communist party of India and so he was charged with funding of terror and now the supreme court has freedom. Now let us understand in brief about this unlawful activities prevention act of 1967. See this act provides for more effective prevention of certain unlawful activities of individuals and associations and for dealing with terrorist activities. Know that chapter four of the act deals with the punishment for terrorist activities and under this section 17 deals with the punishment for raising funds for terrorist act. This section says that whoever in India or in a foreign country directly or indirectly races or provides funds whether from a legitimate or illegitimate source from any person or even if the attempts to provide or collect cash for any person knowing that such funds are likely to be used by a terrorist organization to commit a terrorist act will be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than five years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and also know that the first schedule of this act has banned many terrorist organization. It includes the communist party of India all its formations and front organization and further it also includes Maoist communist center all its formations and front organization. Under this comes the Tritiya Prashtiti committee which is a splinter Maoist group which is also banned. So with this we have come to the end of the discussion of this topic let's move on to the next news article. See this article this article says that the population of dolphins in Chilika lake and along the coast of Odisha has doubled this year in comparison with the previous year and during the population estimation exercise three species of dolphins were recorded and they include the Irrawaddy bottle nose and humpback dolphins. Now when coming to the news article the good news is that there is a sizable growth in the population of endangered Irrawaddy dolphins. So we know that Irrawaddy dolphins are found in the coastal areas in the south and southeast part of Asia and they are mainly found in three rivers which includes the Ayurvedi in Myanmar the Mahakam in Indonesian Borneo and the Mekong. This Irrawaddy dolphin is not a true river dolphin but an oceanic one that lives in the brackish water near coasts river mouths and estuaries and when you take in India they are mainly found along the Odisha coast in Chilika and Gahirmata. Have a look at the map to understand its habitat in a better way. See the main threat to the Irrawaddy dolphin is the entanglement in gillnets, habitat loss and degradation from pollution, dam construction, sedimentation and vessel traffic are additional concerns. Also these dolphins are revered in many parts of Asia. On moving further this Irrawaddy dolphin is legally protected from deliberate capture in most of its range and specially protected areas have been designated in several areas in this regard. Also the restrictions on the use of gillnets are necessary to reduce entanglement morality and the use of non-entangling and more selective gear is to be encouraged. Now let us discuss about this Chilika lake. See this Chilika lake is a brackish water lake and a shallow lagoon with an estuarine character that is spread across the districts of Puri, Gurda and Ganja in Odisha. This lake is fed by around 52 rivers and rivulets and the most prominent among them are Daya, Bargabi and the Luna rivers. Know that the Chilika lagoon has been designated as a Ramsar site a wetland of international importance since 1991 and the Nalaban island within the lake is notified as a bird sanctuary under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. And further this Chilika lagoon is a hotspot of rich biodiversity because it is very rich in both invertebrate and vertebrate fauna and also it is the habitat for the largest congregation of water fowls in India and presently this Chilika lake is threatened by siltation, neutrophication and also the change in salinity regime etc. In addition to these there is also a threat from proliferation of freshwater weed, increased aqua culture activities, changes in species composition, depletion of bio-resources and decrease in fish population etc. With this let us now move on to the practice question discussion with reference to the Ayurvedic dolphins. Consider the following statements statement one it is an oceanic dolphin that lives in brackish water near coasts river mouths and in estuaries statement two in India they are mainly found along the Arabian coast so we need to find the correct statement see when you look at statement one which says that it is an oceanic dolphin that lives in brackish water is correct but when you look at statement two it is incorrect this is because in India they are mainly found along the Odisha coast in Chilika and Gahirmata and not in the western coast so therefore the right option is option A that is one only. Consider the following statements currently there is no national legislation dealing with beggar in India statement two the supreme court of India had recently repealed the Bombay prevention of beggar act of 1959 as unconstitutional and asked the state governments to repeal their laws which criminalize begging which of the above given statements is our correct see the first statement is correct as we have discussed currently there is no national legislation dealing with beggar in India but after independence in 1947 many Indian states have beggary laws and most of them have used the Bombay prevention of beggar act of 1959 as the basis for their own loss when you look at the second statement it is incorrect this is because it is a Delhi high court in a landmark judgment in Harsh Mandar versus the union of India and Karnika Saune versus the union of India which held the Bombay prevention of begging act of 1959 as unconstitutional and that too only in the national capital and now has today's news says the supreme court is hearing a plea seeking a direction from it to repeal the act which criminalizes begging in the nation and it is yet to pronounce a verdict in this regard so therefore the right statement is option A that is one only. With reference to Khazars consider the following statements statement one they emit only radio waves so they are low energy entities of space statement two discovery of khazars can give insights into dark matter of space and you need to find the right option see khazars are high energy phenomenon that emit light radio waves x rays etc so based on this we can infer that statement one is wrong coming to statement two as seen in the discussion khazars help in understanding space better including the dark matter so therefore this statement is correct since the question wants us to find the correct statements the right option is option B that is two only. Now look at the supreme's question consider the following statements with reference to India's freshwater dolphins statement one dolphins in the Indus river and those in the Ganges Brahmaputra rivers are fishes of different species statement two both Indus river dolphins and Ganges Brahmaputra river dolphins are listed as endangered in the high ocean red list and you need to find the correct statement see when you look at the first statement it is incorrect see in the first statement one part is correct that is as found out by the recent research both are of different species but read the question carefully it mentions the term fishes so know that dolphins are not fishes but they are mammals and unlike fish who breathe through gills the dolphins they breathe air using lungs and also know that dolphins are capable of complex problem solving and social interactions in fact they are one of the smartest animal in the world the research into the behavior of dolphins both in wild as well as in captivity has yielded incredible data on the intelligence of these marine mammals now coming to the second statement which says that they are listed as endangered in the high ocean red list is correct so since you need to find the right option the correct option is option b that is two only the list of mains practice question is displayed here you can write your answers and post them in the comment section below with this we have come to the end of today's hinder news analysis if you like the video don't forget to like comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar Aya's academy youtube channel for more updates regarding UPSC civil services preparation


Did this cocktail bar discriminate against her and her friends for being Asian? This TikToker is making her case and waging war. Yeah, this is going viral right now. Desam Lee, who's known as Explore New York City, got denied entry into Paul's baby grand. She's got some receipts. She's looking at Ludwig the Bouncer. He's racist. Let's play the clip. Avoid this racist bar in New York City at all costs is honestly so upsetting. This is a story time of how I was discriminated against at what I found out later to be the most discriminatory bar. The N2 Asian girlfriend must inform a tire. Heels decided to wait in line Tribeca at a bar called Paul's Baby Grand. Get to the front of the line. I'm noticing that this doorman Damian was pretending like we didn't exist. Like we weren't at the front of the line looking past us to let in groups of white Caucasian women that had just arrived. I didn't know any of the management. They weren't calling anyone out by name and I asked him, Hi, I'm so sorry, but we've been waiting a while. Like, do you know when we'll get in?  But I felt like something was so off that I went back and decided to ask him, I'm sorry, but why were we not let into this bar? Formal attire. We have heels on of age 24, 23 and 31. He didn't even ask for our ID. He's completely ignoring me as if I'm not even a human being. Go to tap him on the shoulder. Why were we not let into this bar? Sir, he finally looks at me. He's like, don't you dare touch me? Who saw her touch me? Witnesses. He has eyes around him raise hands and mock me and laugh. I start taking photos of him as evidence. He starts posing for the camera, absolutely enjoying himself. And he says, please leave. People are actually trying to have a good time here. And then he's like, IDs, IDs. I called him out for being racist, completely ignored me. They couldn't name a reason because they didn't have one, or at least not a legal one knew exactly what they were doing. Hey, man, I wasn't there.  But I'm just saying she did put together a case, right? She put together a case and clearly that bouncer, based off of her accounts, was being super rude and disrespectful. Honestly, at the baseline, if not racist, at least disrespectful. Anyways, guys, we have our quick thoughts of our own takeaways and we're going to be covering the comments. So please hit that like button. Check out other episodes of the hot pop boys. From silly to serious. And we talk a lot about a lot of crazy things on this channel. This is definitely in the silly lane. But why is this going viral right now? Is it because so many people relate to this experience of getting denied from nightlife? Because it's almost like other parts of society are supposed to be more civilized and have equity. But the nightclub, everybody just like accepts it. Like you're too short. You're too fat. You're this. You're that. And everybody's just like, oh, I'm glad I got in myself. I can't let you in because you owe this. You owe she pregnant.  I'm only allowed to let in 5% black people. He said that 5%. Yeah, nightlife is super discriminatory. I mean, I think it's going viral partially because you don't see attractive women get denied. You'll know as a dude, we get denied all the time. Right. Even a tall, good-looking dude can be denied if he's not spending enough money. Right. And if he's rolling solo dolo, maybe he's not part of our group. Or rolling in a group of guys. Yeah. If you're a group of guys, forget it. You're not getting in. Even if you look decent. But yeah, attractive women definitely. And obviously, your interaction with them was pretty bad. It was pretty negative, I got to say. But I got some quick thoughts. I will say this. First of all, shout out to her for calling them out. Because I think if she put the case together and pulled multiple complaints from multiple years, she has a solid reason. And not only that, she's an influencer called Explore New York City, where she has a big following where it's like, people trust her because she's given people so much free content and analyzed things for years. Yeah. Also, I will say this though. Highly exclusive New York City spots. And this is a spot that a lot of artists went to. Leonardo DiCaprio has been there, Virgil Abloz there. He even made a joke in the past about how exclusive it is. But New York places will always prioritize high spenders, people they know, super hot women, let's be honest. You're talking about like signed state management model, Ford models. People who fit the crowd and the vibe. And then lastly, it's you, or me, people who are maybe outsiders. It's also just like, to be honest, sugar babies and the people who can afford sugar babies. Yeah. And here's the truth. I looked into the law and the law is, if you own a venue and a bar, that venue can refuse service to any individual. So as long as that reason is not based off race, gender or origin or religious beliefs. So you're saying if this dude, Ludwig was like, yeah, Matt, it's just because you didn't like fit that like Studio 54, like disco, like 1970s, 1980s, like the Smiths music video, like thing we're going for. It didn't have anything to do with anything else. Like that was the reason, dude, that was the reason. Yeah. We don't want your kind here. What? Because I'm Asian. No, it's because you're wearing all black. We don't let all black outfits in. You're not, you're not hipster or culturally contextual enough from the 80s. It's super slick. As long as that person doesn't say it's about your race, it's hard to say that it was actually racist, even though we all know it probably, race was definitely. Do you think that probably realistically, and I'm not saying for sure, but I'm just assuming like at least 90% of the audience of Paul's baby grand or Paul's Casablanca are white people, because white people tend to like that, like 70s, 80s vibe more. Right? Oh, do you think that they'll stop going because of these complaints? No. I feel like they won't because that it doesn't apply to them. I don't think it even affects 95% of Paul's crowd. And I will say this. I pulled up a bunch of pictures of Paul's parties and there's, there is different types of people there. There is black. Not a lot though. Not a lot. Of course, it's mostly a lot. They play the Smiths who like, there's not listening. Like your place is playing the Smiths all night in 2023. There's nothing wrong with that, right? White people listen to white music or whatever, like, but it's mostly white, right? Look at this club. Unless Virgil Abloh is there, there's probably not a lot of black people there. But anyways, guys, let's get into the comments section. All right. The first comment was, this is not okay. And this was left by Dove and other blue checkmark influencers. All right. I'm not going to lie. I don't really know what to do with this comment. Like this is not okay. Shout out to Dove. But what's Dove going to do? Is Dove going to stop supplying soap to all those franchises? Or like what area? What is this rich white lady going to do? Like, is she going to stop going there? She just said it's not okay. Yeah. I don't know. I mean, listen, I'm not ever going to go to Paul's, but I don't think I ever was, you know? But I'm definitely not anymore. But I have actually been when sometimes there's like these high roller Asian guys. Sometimes I noticed like, if you roll within a squad of them, they don't like going to AZN spots. So they will go to like spots like The Blonde and Soho and stuff like that. And yeah. So I've been around this crowd. It is weird. I don't fit in with it. I have been rejected from bars and clubs before. Or I think reasons of just being a dude and also being Asian. Yeah. But you can be an Asian guy and get rejected from an Asian club too sometimes. Somebody said, Welcome to the life of POC. Thank you for posting and raising awareness. Somebody said, Yes, welcome to what black and brown women experience all the time in the space of entertainment. Somebody said, This happened to me as well at the exact same spot. I'm black and was with a mixed race group. And yeah, somebody, she said, I'm so sorry we need to end all of it. And then somebody said, Listen, as a black woman that has no voice, I'm just going to smile because when we speak up and stand up against other groups, they always turn against us as we are the problem. So there were some people agreeing on a micro level, but this other girl brought it to a macro level saying we always speak up against white people, but Asians never have our back until it's white versus Asian. Yeah. I mean, I, I guess. Yeah. No, I mean, it's just it's a weird context to bring that up in, but I can see what they're saying. Somebody said, you know, I went up to a really well-dressed woman in London and I'm a POC and I asked her for directions and she turned me away and acted like I didn't exist and didn't give me my humanity.  Like, you know what I mean? Every, everybody's racist. Has got stories about racist interactions with other types of people. I do think it's a little different, Andrew. Let's be honest here, because in 2023, a lot of people are questioning the old world white power structures, right? The Anglo-Saxon power structures that have governed a lot of elite circles for a long time, right? Because it's not like three pretty white girls would try to probably get denied from an Asian club. You know why Andrew? Because three pretty white girls would not go to an Asian club by themselves. That's not even a situation. Right. This is another Indian girl. She said, yes, avoid. This has been known for a long time. I'm sorry you had to deal with it. And other people are like saying, look at their IG. It's all dirty old white men and blonde bimbos and stuff like that. And then somebody said, this is an Asian, a white woman came into the comment section and defended it and said, I see an Asian person in background of one of the photos you took. How did you get back there if baby grand is so racist? Weird, huh? And somebody else said, yeah, I've been there and Ludwig is a nice guy. Maybe have you thought it's because you're overweight? Oh, um. So these, I'm not going to lie. I'm not going to, I don't want to fully racialize it because we don't know. I think both of these comments were from white people. Yeah. So I'm sure there's white people who want to defend Paul's or defend the fact that there may be other factors beyond just race. You mean that made them not fit in? And I guess you're saying, I'm trying to play the devil's advocate here. They hate people who don't fit into their vibe.   I think being a dude is part of it, but I'm also not a big spender. So anytime you're a regular dude that's not a big spender, you are put at the bottom of the priority list and maybe at Paul's. Also, if you're a female who doesn't fully fit the look and again, they can be as discriminatory as they can, as long as it's not. Apparently from what I can tell, they want both the guys and girls to look like David Bowie.  I mean, I've seen this picture of an Asian girl there and she definitely looks more like in that artsy, you know, she got like the Cleopatra bangs and like she has that certain look. I'm not. And now, man, that girl's cool. That girl's cool. I'm just saying she can come. First of all, I am not defending Paul's at all. I'm just saying that discrimination can be a discrimination pie. It can be so many different reasons. Somebody said, I don't get racism in general, but especially racist in NYC. You moved to one of the most diverse places in the world, probably the most diverse city in the world. And you are mad that it's not just one race in a club. What on earth did the owners expect? Somebody said racism is horrible. Racism has been always there in New York City for a long time. And somebody said, well, maybe it's people from outside New York. And somebody said, no, even when New York was all New Yorkers, they were still races against each other. So there was like a little bit of disagreement back and forth. David, I got a really hard question. I don't know if you have the answer for it. You guys let me know in the comments down below. Some of these venues that are so cool, David, aren't they kind of cool because they're exclusive and being exclusive means you can't let everybody in. And if you can't let everybody in, how do you not let everybody in? You have to have some type of discriminatory practices or you have to filter people out. So I think part of the reason why so many people want to go to these cocktail bars, this one in particular, is because it's cool and exclusive and it's hard to get into. You mean they have that Studio 54 like hyper discriminatory bouncer that's like, you're cool. You're not cool. You're cool. You're not cool. You're cool. You're not cool. And maybe in the 70s and the 80s they would actually say why you're cool or not cool. Like actually in the movie Studio 54 and they did it with Mike Myers in it. But obviously now in 2023 they're just making that read without saying it. Yeah, no, definitely. And sometimes money talks if you want to buy enough bottles and buy enough tables, they're going to let you in regardless if you don't fit the vibe. I think there's a whole another aspect here of Asian women fitting in enough with mainstream white culture that they're shocked that they get denied from it. And by the way, I'm supporting Deson Lee completely.  I'm sub-signing everything. But I'm just saying that I think a lot of Asian women they get more accepted earlier. So when they don't get accepted it's more of a shock whereas Asian guys were like, no, no, no, we get shut out of a lot. Like maybe like anything past level like three out of 10, we get to shut out of. Yeah, I don't want to just compare my feelings as an Asian man to her feelings as an Asian woman. I feel like everybody's experience is different. But yes, I do agree that like I would never have that expectation as to I would get into. Right. Because you just be like, yeah, they just go against Asian guys. Especially if you don't have a special connection. It is true like, but that's also why a lot of people want to come to these bars. And it's it's a double-edged sword. Well, it also depends on like what crowd you're talking about. Now, I'll say that can get in. That's dope for them. This guy Ludwig was clearly being an a-hole. He was. But did he say anything racial? If he didn't cross that line, it's like you can't call something a hate crime unless the people have like a true reason to believe. You know what I mean? I'm not saying. I'm just saying like from a legal standpoint, you have to have some type of like hard evidence, you know, right? I don't know if there's a legal case here, but there's certainly enough case to make your point in terms of just shifting exact public opinion, right? Exactly. Exactly. Somebody says this white girl, I believe she's like Russian. She said, I'm going to clarify because I don't think your feelings about racism are incorrect. But I think it goes deeper. This bouncer was selecting you, rejecting you based on appearance by the looks of it. This is a bunch of Bushwick cool kids trying to create a scene stir vibe and showing prejudice to people because of that. Maybe you and your Asian girlfriends, even though you guys are perfectly fine looking, are not like scene stir enough. Yeah. But you know how this conversation is all about who's even good looking and the whole reason why we're talking about this is because Desam Lee is attractive. And we're like, oh wow, an attractive girl got turned away, but what if she wasn't attractive? Are we even having this conversation? Yeah, because you figure that that's almost the number one hard filter of nightlife.  This is unfortunately part of nightlife and this is why a lot of people don't go out. Right. And this is why a lot of people only go out to the bars that are like almost totally free from this. Yeah, that's a good point. Andrew, let's get into our takeaways. Why do you think this is something that it's just, it sparks a lot of thoughts and I think it's because geopolitical things, they're often too complicated to sink your teeth into. There's too many layers, the flavors are too complex. This is like pretty cut and dry, even though it has its own complexities in its smallness. My overall takeaway, I like her speaking out. I think she made a strong case. She brought the receipts from the past years of other people who felt that same way. I clearly, this dude is the A-hole and Paul's, if they don't want the bad press, they're going to change things around. Now, maybe they budget and they do the math and they don't care. And maybe they'll just stick with their own crowd. I don't know, but guess what? I'm not going there. I'll never go there. Right. You know, is it weird that like nightlife and church are the two times a week that are the most segregated? Like nightlife is very segregated, man. And so is church. Churches are. Those are, I'll tell you this. I think it has to do with your comfort zones and your comfort zones happen to usually be around your own tribe, whether that's your own color or own culture or own look or own class. That's your tribe, right? So people want to be in their comfort zone. And unfortunately, yeah, I mean, that is church and nightlife. It's funny because those two things are on opposite ends of the spectrum. You would say of at least like, I guess, wholesomeness. Yeah. I just think that big cities are changing.  Yeah. But I think as long as people can make a good case against spots, I encourage them to call people out. Yeah. And I think it's wrong for Asian spots to do this as well, because the last thing I want people to do is be like, oh, okay, you guys are calling it out against Paul's baby grand, but you aren't calling it out against whatever Asian club that's doing the same thing. Absolutely. No, no. It goes for the same. It goes, it cuts both ways. Exactly. Yeah. No, I mean, at the end of the day, listen, if you want to pay, it is true, but you probably got to want to spend some money to be in the venue, which that I understand from business standpoint.   But there are societal power dynamics at play as well in the comments section. Of course, you know, those are the macro factors, whether it's spoken or not spoken. You know, let's just say, I won't be throwing my birthday party at Paul's anytime soon. Let us know what you guys think in the comments section below from silly to serious, man. Keep it civil. Until next time, we out. Peace.


You talking about Young Thug? Yes. And how the feds and everybody be using lyrics from the start. This is real shit, man. Man, look, these streets. Man, we all know it comes these streets, man.  Ain't nobody put no gun out here.  Ain't nobody, mama tell her to be there. Ain't nobody, daddy tell her to be there. We all jumped out of their porch and decided what we're going to be. You know what I'm saying?  Man, they gotta go through some goddamn time, man.  You know what I'm saying?  Yeah, we on Boss Talk 101, 101. Yeah, we gon' talk. You were talking about songs earlier, and you know, when you putting the street stuff in the songs and stuff like that, but you know how the Rico charge is that you got the other day. You talking about Young Thug? Yes. And how the feds and everybody be using lyrics from the start. This is real shit, man. Man, look, these streets. Man, we all know what comes in these streets, man.  Ain't nobody put no gun out here.  Ain't nobody, mama tell her to be there. Ain't nobody, daddy tell her to be there. We all jumped out of their porch and decided what we're going to be. You know what I'm saying?  Man, they gotta go through some goddamn time, man.  You know what I'm saying?  Nigga, I had went to a signing party in Kelly with Thug and Gunna for that young nigga, Trench.  And I ain't gonna lie, man. I got respect for Thug, man. Cause I ain't gonna lie when I went to Kelly cause they had a, Thug had a studio in Kelly. God damn, man.   But yeah, that nigga a real street nigga, man.    You know what I'm saying? Careful about what you put in the songs. But sometimes though, there's just- Because you know that this might come? Well, when you got tied, when you got tied to your people, you know what I mean? Your people, man. You know what I'm saying? You gonna go down with them.    He ain't the only motherfucker. I don't feel bad.  He done did a goddamn thing. Shit, nigga. When you a real street nigga, that's really all that matter. You know what I'm saying? Not even just street.  He a real billy, so wherever he go, he gonna be good, you hear me? He gonna live like thug wherever he go.  It's just a game, man. Do you think he gonna ever get out? Yeah, he might get out, like about 10. I'ma say they gonna get a nigga about 10. You think so? Yeah, I know so. He got too big of an influence, man. You know what I'm saying? That nigga really dead, slime man, really dead. Ain't gonna get all these bitches to tell on him now. You know what I'm saying? But goddamn, that nigga a really dead now. I be thuggin' in Georgia now, I be thuggin' in the 80s. You hear me? That nigga a slime man, really dead.  That nigga a real rap, real rap. Why I sell, it's not a game. You hear me? It's a vintage, it's a label. Shout out to thuggin' Gunner, man, yeah. Shout out to my nigga, shout out to my nigga Nietzsche, two gunner look, bro. I would like to have a rice stew with that one. My baby.  No cap. So, did you see the Gunner thing coming though? Did you think he would be a part of it? It's crazy the way that stuff happened, bro. Man, I don't know.   And like I said, I don't speak on the business. No, I get it, because it ain't much that we can talk about because at the end of the day, we don't really know what road that's leading to.  And it ain't just, if you go to the courthouse every Monday or Tuesday or start looking around, you gonna see niggas getting locked up every week.   You know what I'm saying? It's a price that come with this shit, man. You know what I'm saying? You gotta pay your dues, man. You know what I'm saying?  I'm telling you the reason I cut for you is cause you just, I've been young. So when I see you niggas real, I'm a real cat. So I recognize real and I be like, damn, that nigga, that gon' be all right.  Cause God damn, man, them niggas good niggas, man. I done been around niggas personally.  But he gon' greet everybody in the room. Yeah. You know what I'm saying?  Them niggas down in the earth, niggas. You know what I'm saying? What type of pettus do them niggas eat? Them niggas treat everybody that's around like family. You know what I'm saying?   Even freedom niggas, man. Freedom niggas, that's what I'm saying. Nobody wants to see nobody locked up. Freedom niggas, man.  Yeah, we on boss talk one on one. Yeah, we gon' talk.


Now let's continue our tour of Denver's brand new state-of-the-art crime lab. Come on in here for just a second. This is our auditorium. Even though we're going to be conducting training sessions and information sessions, that are going to be forensic in nature. We want to also open this up to the community. And so we're planning a lot of educational series. We're going to go up the third floor. Administrative area for all of the chemistry trace evidence, latent fingerprints, and then the executive offices. My office is over here in the northwest corner. I've got windows. I'm ecstatic. In the old building, if you remember, you had forensic chemistry as in one unit with the instrumentation. And then we went down the hallway and we went into this clustered area we call trace evidence. Well, we've put them together. We're sharing instrumentation. We're giving them more space. You saw their administrative area just recently. They have now space to do all of their administrative work, and it's separate from their analytical work. We're going to be doing blood alcohol out of here, drugs and narcotics, arson analysis, that type of thing. Once they've extracted everything, we're going to bring all of our evidence over and we're going to take it over into the instrument room. Down here is a microscope room. It has the ability to darken. It's going to house every microscope that we have in trace evidence and forensic chemistry all in one area. Next to it is for our scanning electron microscope. And basically, we're taking and combining the two systems we have now into one newer system. We're taking two outdated instruments and creating one super scanning electron microscope. This is kind of a fun thing. And this is operational. But this is zero air, nitrogen, hydrogen. All of our gases will be manufactured right here. Our mass specs, their purged carrier gases are as hydrogen. Normally, people use helium, but we're converting it over to hydrogen. But these are just different gases that actually operate our instrumentation. The old crime lab. I had four latent print examiners. They were in one room, very small room, and they had a light table that was their workspace. Their lunch space. Well, what we're going to do now, that same examiner in this room, not only does he have a light table, but he's got an enormous work area that he can utilize however he wants to. We're still in the latent print unit. And a lot of their work is done with superglue. And it's not piecing evidence together with superglue, but we use the fumes of superglue to develop a fingerprint on a surface. And usually, it surfaces that normally you can't develop a print on. Superglue is kind of like the wonder child of latent prints. And so we have different chambers. And after we leave here, we're going to go down into the basement. And I'll show you a couple of other different chambers. But what we have here is a multiple chamber. And we can use smaller items, lower chambers for a long rifle, that type of thing. But you'll notice in... Well, I can't get it open now. We've got little compartments in here that we'll put the superglue into. And then when the chamber is heated and we add humidity to it, then it develops a fume inside of the chamber. And whatever's hanging from these rods or whatever the case might be, the fume will actually adhere to the fingerprint and develop a hard cast on it. And it's that hard cast that we actually compare. So when we say we're going to superglue something, this is kind of what we're talking about. At the end of this room, we have a superglue chamber that's just one large chamber. Downstairs, we have a chamber that's large enough to put a car in. And then we have another chamber that's a room. And that's all that it is. The room is the chamber. So we can put doors and couches and car bumpers and stuff like that in there. And actually develop prints off of that. Today, we don't have that ability. This is all brand news for us. We have chambers now, the small stuff. But we don't have the big capacity. We can't put a car and get it super glued. So this is all good stuff. So we're going to go downstairs, take a look at that.


Thanks a very good day for coming in. I had a good surprise set in the last session today, so I appreciate you staying up there. So among the big horses and workshops and everything that I've taught by the years, one sort of overarching theme is that I'm really passionate about accessibility in general, really. So I haven't been on a list of them, I don't know what you're talking about in those images, but I am a workshop developer over at Detroit Labs. I lead the girl club at Track and Theater in Christ. And apparently, you unplug one nail, that's a hole. We're just going to make this one long. OK. We're going to just let you know at a big point if you can't see anything. Hey! Thank you. One more. Captain, I'm here. I'm here. I'm here. I'm here. I'm here. This is what actually got me into web accessibility. This is a picture of my car on the New York City football team. I had visually impaired athletes. And when I was in undergrad, with the same 200 people every day, which is just ridiculous. There are so many things I could be explaining to get out there and introduce things. And so, instead of studying for finals in my first semester of college, I went out of a bunch of volunteer organizations in the city. And this was where I ended. This was the thing that caught me and kept me for years. Today, every February, I make a special trip to Washington because that is actually one of the largest football tournaments in the country. It happens every year. So, knowing these people and getting to become friends with a lot of blind students, I've been really interested in how I could make it to the bottom better for them. And then from there, better for everyone. So, the things that we're going to do here we're going to find out what it is, what that means, what it entails, how you can serve them. We're going to ask some questions. I'm going to ask you some questions. Hopefully you can ask me some questions. And I hope you ask me some questions. I'm not asking. I'm looking at no cards. And we're going to talk about tools. So, we're going to give you some practical ways that you can kind of get started engaging where your problems are at right now. And also how you can get started learning more about what you can do. So, let's get started. So, what is accessibility? Why is accessibility, what comes to your mind? Like, where's the green code? I just thought, first of all, control K would do a certain thing, like a blending or something. Putting alt tags on the images. Yeah. Sometimes, maybe whatever you produce whether a service or product, it can be a whole different one. Yes. In case this was not clear, that was a great resource. She knows lots. Probably more than I do, honestly. Accessibility for your skill and always learn something new when you talk to someone else or someone who is just learning about it and asks us a question. Wow. I hadn't thought about that. Yes. And that was an excellent point, which I will get to later, and help you do work. So, the way that I think about accessibility is very similar. It is the process of making it easy for everyone to access your content regardless of how they approach it. So, we usually don't care or whether I'm missing a hand or whether I can't shake. Maybe I joined maybe I don't read well, maybe that's due to a language or I'm trying to read something in English maybe it's because I have dyslexia. It could be any number of things. There are barriers between your users and your content. Many of your users and the content and our role, our job, a huge part of our job is to start to break down those barriers. So, why do you need it? We've talked sort of about this already. Why is it important? Are you here? There are some good reasons to be here. Should I have access? Should I just look at it and just sign it or hear it from people or people that can't do it? It should be important. Everybody should have access. The World Wide Web for Concepts. Yes, I can like that. So, I'll start here because this is kind of like this is an obstacle that you're going to come across when you say to your employer or you say to your client, hey, we really need to be doing this. We really need to be making sure that our apps and websites are accessible as we can make them. First thing that you're going to hear is, look how much is that going to cost. And in reality, it shouldn't be that this is part of your process. You're doing it anyway. It isn't an extra thing that you can layer on top. This is just how we build. But in a lot of cases, if you're coming on a real project where that wasn't right or maybe you haven't just inherited this inaccessible code or it could be that you just didn't know. And that's okay. But what's important is that you start doing what you can now to start making our apps and websites more accessible. And a huge part of this is that about one thing, about 20% of users are going to have some form of disability. Some thing. And it's not necessarily a form of blindness. I don't get to perform that later. Something that is putting up one of those barriers. Something that is making it harder for them than any average person to access your content. And so having access to all of those people making so that they can use your product easily and quickly the same way that you and I would means that you have more users which is almost always a good thing. That's what you should do. It makes way better for everyone. It makes your app better for everyone. In the diversity panel earlier, these have a little bathroom stall. I knew a bigger bathroom stall was really for people who are much around. So most desirable bathroom stall is not. It's the face I can look around. I don't have to feel like I'm trying really hard not to touch anything. It's just better. And so making our apps better for people with disabilities just makes them better. Of your point, it is the world wide web. The point is that we are sharing information and we want to be able to share that information with other people. I don't have a touch on this but I want to start to dive into standards that all of this is really based on. There are other standards that you may want to be done on in some cases depending on the industry and especially if you are working on gaming almost. There are traditional guidelines that we can talk about if that is a question that comes up. But we're going to start with this. Can I have 2.0 that is the web content accessibility guidelines? I wasn't sure I was going to remember it. Web content accessibility guidelines. Let's do better though. So these are set of guidelines that are broken up into 4 principles. Your site or app should be perceivable it should be operable, understandable and robust. Those are further broken down into 12 guidelines. So the guidelines are where you are seeing the more starting to see the more measurable goals here and we'll take you through a checklist in just a moment. So your guidelines are going to be okay. You need to have alternative text. What does that mean? And then break that out into successful materials. So we know that we need alternative text for non-text content. What does that mean? And how do we test it? So we're actually going to back over here only desktop that doesn't have the link thing on it. And we're going to look at the if you know the medicine that the worker loves. So while we're talking about his levels so your six criteria are going to have level A level A, level A, level A, and level A. That is that is the indication of largely the impact that meeting that success criteria will have on the accessibility of your map. People tend to think of these as being exactly sequential which is not the case. Level, you're not necessarily what you can have a level triple A success criteria related to a particular edge. So what we want to make sure that we're doing in an ideal way is your level A criteria and on the level level A criteria. If there are a triple A criteria that are relevant to the athlete in reading and they might not all be the goal should be to meet those level triple A criteria as well. There's no instrument commission. Because it's trying to it's trying to connect to accessibility. Why a problem? I've forgotten it as many times as it comes. It's mine. This is my life today. We are going to pull up a reference screen. There we go. So this reference is essentially what I use to help people have start to feel more comfortable with the islands. If you just try to tweak them all at once then you get overwhelmed. That's too much. It's very specific, very technical and dry. It's just dry. I admit that. I literally run a course on this and I had to take it in jumps. It was too much. But this tool is really cool because it lets you interact with the guidelines and always see the perks that are relevant to you. So, if you are on a team then you can say, OK, we have this type of content that we can use these filters to go around the left-hand side to do that. You might be saying, I only want to see the guidelines that are relevant to the designers. You might say, I'm going to see the ones that are relevant to the developers. And so you can filter that way. And then this section on the right is only the guidelines that you need to worry about in that moment. And you can share this among your team which makes it really easy to stay online on what you're working on. So, let's break this down real quick. The first color, first principle over here is perceivable your app. Your content needs to be perceivable. And the first guideline here is text alternatives. We need to provide text alternatives for any non-text content. So it can be changed into other forms that people need, such as large print, rail, speech symbols, or simpler language. So, if you have sorry, there's someone else still downstairs. Oh. Oh, yeah. I'm sorry. What did you do there? It's so cool. It's the same. It's not so... Oh, you need to have something like this. Yeah. That's lovely. That's baseline. That is like a low-hagging fruit that's single A. Sent into the user has a text alternative. Now, note, this is accept. A number of these are going to have exceptions. There are going to be cases where it doesn't make sense for you to provide a text alternative. For example, if I have an image that is purely decorative, there is... I don't need to say they are the surely thing in the corner of my webpage. I don't... personally, I would probably put it there in the first place. A little bit.  Any questions so far? Where about 18 minutes left? Did you at least click that one? Just curious. Yeah. So this will break it down for you. This is what it really looks like. It's not all from issue at once. You can say, okay, I know that one. I can do this. Or you can say, show the description and you can see the examples that they get. And you can also then show techniques, failures, or that specific success criteria. And it will give you all kinds of examples. And situations. So in this case, the situation me. I don't know if any of you can see this. If the description cannot serve the same purpose and doesn't have the same information that has a non-toxicant effect. So this is if you have a chart or a diagram or something like that. This is how we would go about providing that potential alternative. I'm sort of emulating your screen reader. How do I know what one person is doing? That's an excellent question. You're going to talk about what we're going to talk about now. You can just use a screen reader. Set a bunch of the more popular ones are. You can just use them out of the box on any Apple product. Oh my. Firepower server. Does it? Does it come with a browser or an app? Yes. And you can just have a smartphone and you can go and turn it on. Okay. Okay. Oh no. I'm like... I'm a protective of a teacher. If you have questions, please stop me. If you have something to ask, please stop me. Okay. So, yes. You can absolutely use this screen reader and if we can find it later on, we can find it. Anything else? This is a cool program. So if you want to know just that way, if any of you are working on work, have any of you heard? I see a couple of knots. That's cool. If you haven't, that's cool too. But no. I thought this was kind of interesting. The way that this is worded implies that we are either skipping those or that we or that it is obvious that the level of AA includes it. But just, again, knowing that that's not always the case, they're not... they don't quite work that way. The level of AA is not necessarily more than an equivalent level of AA rentier. I will talk about these next year. The other thing that you might find on any sort of exercise or a little website, but I am going to do this on the screen. But using my keyboard and everything, I don't know what this set is, unless we're in touch on this and I have some alternative jest. So, these are, and this is where my questions for you get started. So, do all of your energies. It's a simple, easy thing to do. Every time you create an image, everything you have can be shared out at this alt attribute and give a brief description. You do not need to write a paragraph about the exercise. That's probably fine. Nobody needs to know unless it is relevant to your content. Nobody needs to know what she looks like. They don't need to know what kind of room unless you are describing your gym better by all means. I want the better paragraph somewhere. Unless it is relevant to your content, you don't need to get too deep into the description. Just make sure that you know what that image is there, why it is there. Mostly for me, this is probably the biggest thing. It's a managed paragraph. Make sure that your markup reflects the hierarchical structure of the page. Especially if you are having I think it was one of the organizers Fraser really loves and especially if you really try to push the envelope in terms of design. This is where you want to pay attention. The tendency at least in my experience is to sort of sponge the information architecture of your app when you are trying to do something in terms of design and that can really hurt the accessibility of your application. You want to make sure that you are using all of the types that make sense in the context of your app. So if you got a header use a header instead of doing it if you have a button it's a button element. It sounds so simple, but in a production of applications shocking to me how many see that don't do these things, that don't use the semantic markup that we have built into us. And that can be a huge step to the integration in terms of design. Another super simple thing, is that your color especially when you are talking about text could last enough. And that's where the success criteria is. It's an absolutely measurable thing to run through a checker you can run a lot of it and talk about those tools. And you'll know it's not something you have to guess at and then distribute content. So this is where we get more towards the marketing, more towards the copyright side of things. Does your content speak for itself? Are your titles descriptive? Do they display what we all the content is about? Or are you getting kind of or are they catchy? Are you trying to grab someone's attention but not really telling them what's coming next? And my personal technique here is click here buttons or links. When you use a link your the text that you're surrounding in those link tags is what's going to be read in 2% to your screen reader and I'm getting very keyboard. So if I hear link click here. It's not going to tell me anything I put it there. And I want to know before I start cooking things randomly. So we're through some practical applications. One thing that we haven't exactly talked to yet is adding some padding around your clickable elements. This is great for a number of reasons. So one, all the stuff that you're making is responsive, right? Yep. There's been a lot of blanks there. So I don't think the answer is yes. All right, yes. Absolutely. If you don't know what's happening that I'm going to hear responsive websites and applications just mean that we are able to take any cookies and it's going to respond to the size of the device so I can look at my slides hopefully I've never actually tried this. Hopefully I can look at my slides on my phone or my iPad or whatever and they will look reasonably okay. If I'm looking at a site that has got any amount of time to think it's going to look great on either either a mobile phone a tablet or any size of laptop that's happening. It's going to be an insane experience. It's going to be able to lead to the experience that I would get on any other device which is also what we want in terms of accessibility. So in this case this is I mean recently I ran a couple of albums is going to be great one for anybody who's using an automobile device because I personally have very large fingers and I want to give them a click and not the thing next to the thing I want to click on I'm having a little bit of failure on that so you can see here this is a link but that gray area that darker gray area is the clickable area and so beyond the link itself I can see that I'm able to click it's also good if you have users who have lack of motor so if I have a little bit of a timer the bigger the clickable area or less sort of the greater my margin of error I can miss and still hit when I'm going you also want to make sure that you're using your entire application and that's something that you can accomplish if you want to make sure that that's the case if I should be able to tap through every interactive element of your page I should be able to use my screen reader and get to everything so it's does the clicker shift is the screen reader going to know and is it going to start reading in there is the keyboard going to get access to an alpaca the answer should be yes in the whole cases but that's just one example and captions are another so if you have any video content making sure that this is very bad this is a video about making captions on youtube um if you have to do a comment making sure that you have captions making sure that the captions are accurate and there are a number of ways you can do that including if you're paying yourself to do that too so thinking how I consider some of the kind of touch on the first is motor so if I've got a charm or if I'm missing a hand or more hands there are a number of assistive technologies that people can use to continue to be able to access the web and we want to make sure that we are counting through those not just about captions that's really what I'm trying to drive home here here also copying the difficulties that put up some of those barriers is your user dyslexic do they have other the learning disabilities is a lot of moving content or spinning objects that will distract you from the content probably even if they don't have those kind of difficulties like that's probably distracting anyway there are again standards to help you gauge that when you get here are you making sure that there is textual there are textual alternatives to your audio content and in terms of testing there are a number of tools that we're going to have to talk through that we're going to touch on rather than run audit what's my audio here saying I think it's also important to do manual testing as well with users with some of these utilities again that's something that you can hire out that's something that you can solicit and it's also something you can do yourself you can learn to use a screen reader and it works through your app on a regular basis work with your QA it can happen to learn how to do that or even a bunch of people on the lab who are working on making sure that everything we're told is switching controls which is really, really cool please try to get on that but we can't see that we can totally talk to you so we've finished some tools that you can use web-aim color background sticker you've already got colors that you want to make sure are cool run through here and it will tell you whether you need the template or the AAA or both in this case they actually need to use so the AAA is a little more straight come see if you're just kind of exploring and maybe you're building something new with this tool you can paint your background color and then choose the foreground color and the questions that you do will be from client based on the conversation so there's actually an NPM just so if you're working in JavaScript you have another project you can use this to automatically audit your sites and you can run it against your app while it's in development and just keep checking and making sure that you run along with all your other tests and last we have AS which is a tool applied to people and both I've kind of been checking out a lot of their stuff they do a lot of content they do a lot of training so if you're interested in learning more not only is this a great tool but you can put it on their products so your homework for today find one thing that you can do out of all of the things that we've talked about from now on one small thing that you can do to make your apps your work more accessible so research is here please feel free to ask me about these after I will be giving two slides to the organizers so you can follow up with this and you're done great job time for people that awesome so one of my favorite tricks is to use a set using an image I use it as an image background in a way I don't have to force constraints on my people uploading images is that bad for accessibility should I add an alt tag if I'm doing something like that still so yes you were putting the image you're using the image as a background but it is itself so I would know if it did for something and I'll use it as a background image rather than having an actual image there that way I can set it to always cover the open space that it is rather than sticking to what the image ratio is okay I would maybe use CSS for that and yes if you must you can so one technique is to have a screen reader willing office that you then provide to the text that describes it yeah in my case I would probably still just use the image background with alt text personally there's a time for people to use two quotes oh yes so you know so it's clear that way you know your mark will update and her name you only do that you really don't want to do that as content you don't want to be like a meaningful piece of the it's usually that images of the body could be just a background but it's an added value in any way it's called the content best there's never missing alt text but everything I wanted to add is fine language and they content so much more usable and we are accustomed to using whatever we do whatever business we're involved in but those evidence are known to people who are coming to your page explaining the acronym on your homepage but they come to your page and you're using P-A-T acronym that they have no idea what that is so whatever you use and also do you explain language that makes it easier for people to understand and a good example of that not happening often is out of date you know and research images that can be really difficult and obtuse to read then as we said unfortunately it's made it simple for people to read your content write short sentences write short paragraphs use how to use appropriate language to know and now in the UK that if you're specifically targeting customers in the area do you want to say an extra word do you know of any other that you said you're okay I think you're a huh that doesn't happen I mean I would be sort of I'm not sure are doing anything government I can see an education institution there is so there's actually 508 508 508 you are going to follow those not that's all of your your we're going to be in if the session by the way that's passed for the students following so you so thank you


What's going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here shouldn't talk about scream 7 in his video here today We'll be talking about the none too. We'll be talking about saw X and I might have some small tidbits of Just clarity. I want to share regarding Maxine now starting off with scream 7 Christopher Landon We know is directing scream 7 he signed on to direct the project prior to the sag and WGA strikes that are still ongoing He had some interesting comments from 2019 about the screen property that I wanted to share It's kind of reassure anyone who is concerned about Landon taking over that perhaps he is someone who should be a part of this I piece perhaps he's someone who should have been a part of the IP Many movies ago who knows but we'll just have to wait and see how he delivers in scream 7 but when speaking the comic book in 2019 about taking on and doing screen prop a screen movie and Just being involved in the franchise in general He said I love scream scream is an amazing franchise Especially the first movie which blew my mind when I saw it back in the day And I think Kevin Williamson is so crazy talented and also a friend of mine I also just think that there are a lot of stories to tell and I think that when you step back into a franchise You better be doing it for the right reasons and it better be because you have a really good story to tell now I Think that his comments ring true with what we have going on with screen 5 and screen 6 as much as yes You can argue that it's not the story you would prefer to see told I like and I can appreciate that they are trying to do something That is woven into the fabric of what we already know while still pushing forward something that is very much So it's own thing with ghost face still in the mix and with our characters of course being Being linked to what came in the past but not relying too much on the past to let these characters that we have now stand and Exist on their own because like I've said on many other videos I do not want to see the legacy cast used as a crutch I do not want you to sell to me that the movies will be about a batch of new characters But then somehow it would appear that the batch of new characters are not Getting their time to shine as opposed to the old cast and I can respect that they are not doing that with these current batch of Screen movies and I expect screen 7 to continue that formula as much as many of you could also argue that they still need to Find that balance between the old characters And they should bring them back over and over again But Paramount picks also left this interesting comment over on Twitter After one of you play Selena Gomez into one of the final shots from screen 5 Paramount type ghost face is keeping an eye out for for Selena. Now. This of course got Reignited the thoughts of Selena being in a screen movie, which is always still possible But I doubt they would be giving us casting hints while a strike is ongoing if I'm just being quite honest But I thought that was a nice a nice little comment from Paramount picks and obviously It reignited the talk about Selena being in the screen movie It's almost as if they knew what they were doing But again, I doubt they would be giving us any casting hints while strikes are ongoing So jumping into saw X or saw I should say There is a rumor going around about spiral to being possible if saw X is a success Now this came from an account saw X updates I believe over on Twitter that just appeared back in July of this same year. So the account is very fresh. They tweeted I heard I heard saw X or if saw X has good fees, then we can get spiral to Now, I'm sure you can understand that doesn't really make a lot of sense But I get what they mean saw space official who is again one of the most trusted Insiders currently as it pertains to all things saw to my knowledge chimed in on this over on Reddit Saying I've not heard anything of the sort This Twitter account is not an insider and are just trying to gain followers by posting scoops And has even reached out to me to try and get info now that saw X updates account actually tried to call out saw space over on Twitter I know who I'm more inclined to believe not the person who's trying to argue with saw space over on Twitter But vink 360 who has also been reliable on the saw serrated said this is about the spiral to rumor They said if saw X makes twisted millions of dollars They want to make more saw if it was up to Lionsgate I think more long-term franchise management would happen But as of recently that's less of a factor for some business related reasons So the bar for saw success is now Twisted to set for the most part I personally think if saw X does around a hundred million at the box office We're getting more saw if it's somewhat significantly outpaces jigsaw I think they'll be really happy and would likely try to fast-track a sequel to saw X If they can come up with an idea that they like unless Chris Rock signals interest though I would be really really surprised if spiral 2 is next I certainly heard they do intend to try and make a spiral sequel eventually, but I think they'll only get back to that Well when either Tobin centering integrals stop working out for them Or when if Chris Rock calls them up wanting to make one now All I can say is why on earth would they go back to spiral stories if the Tobin prequel stuff Of course is working. It just doesn't make sense for anything within that rumor to be believable right now fine financially See here's why it doesn't make sense Financially it doesn't make sense because you're gonna pause what works to revive what didn't because what works made you see hope in What didn't instead of continuing to profit off of what worked again I liked spiral but spiral 2 is likely years away Maybe a decade at best and probably something you won't see for many years if saw X is a success So I don't think that rumor has any weights. I don't even think it makes a lot of sense Why would the success of saw X hold any weight on? Getting spiral 2 if anything the success of saw X should weigh in on the trajectory of these type of stories being told More bringing back Tobin Bell once again if they were lucky not anything to do with spiral That seems kind of counterproductive, but diving into the nun to Michael Chaves recently sat down with SFX magazine and shared these comments about Frenchie in the nun to he said I wouldn't want to give anything away, but this is continuing the timeline Anyone who saw the first conjuring knows that Maurice aka Frenchie is possessed and then Exercise by the Warrens and we know that that happens in the late 60s in the conjuring timeline You can see that the effects of the last movie have made him ready to wind down his story or maybe find someone to share it with So that's where we find him and then we start to realize that all is not right Some as we all know something escaped in the first film so the guys possessed sure But he's also looking for love and who can fault him for that Well, I can't fault him for that sure but here's the thing from what I know about Frenchies handling in the nun to I'll likely be faulting these writers for the nonsense that seems to be on our way Because yes, it's predictable that Valak will still be attached to Frenchie after this movie since he hasn't met the Warrens yet But it doesn't have to be bizarrely written like the nun to seems to do Chaves also had these comments teasing the future of the nun. There's a line in the nun to demons are infinite. I Like the idea that she's always been here in different forms I think there's still more stories of Valak the demon nun to be told now me personally I don't want to see more after what I'm hearing about the nun to I don't want to see more if any Then I'm just hoping the nun to is somehow executed decently enough for me to find it passable at best But money talks of course last thing I'll chime in here about is or chime in here on is Maxine now for any of you who saw my Maxine video from a few weeks ago at this one a couple weeks ago at this point I shared some tidbits of nuggets of stuff that I knew while also recapping what we had already collectively known about the film itself So just to reiterate to you guys From what I know and what I've gathered it would appear Yes, that Maxine is a who-done-it as opposed to what we got in X and Pearl which were these deep character studies Well pearl more so than X deep character studies about people who had eventually snapped and just gone Rabbit you're not gonna have something like I'm not gonna say you're not gonna have a character study in Maxine You very much so of course are still gonna see a continuing character study I would assume because I don't know everything about the project, but Obviously from what I do know and from this audition table also confirming it it would appear that you have a who done it on your hands You don't know who the killer is right off the bat It's happening in the area of the night during the air of the night stalker So naturally people are gonna think the killer is the night stalker, but the killer in this film is not the night stalker It's someone else and again like I said in my other Maxine video Do not overlook those small details in the cast if you examine it close enough You will find out all you need to know about the killer But let me know sure I think about this down the comment section below if you haven't already of course Make sure you subscribe turn on post notification numbers video in the description. I'll have links on my social media accounts I'm on Facebook Twitter and Instagram you can message me there of course There was any movies news or reviews I'm gonna cover in the future and with all that in mind guys I will see you in the next video