To pray in the Holy Spirit is to pray according to the word and the will of God. That is why every single Christian needs to pray in the Holy Spirit. If you're ready to learn how to flow with the Holy Spirit in prayer, I want you to write in the comment section right now, lead me, Holy Spirit. Let that be your public prayer. Write it now, lead me, Holy Spirit. First, I wanna take a look at what it means to pray in the Holy Spirit. And to be clear, I'm not in this message talking about the gift of speaking in tongues. Now, I do believe that every Christian should pray in tongues. I think that often we misapply some of the teachings of Paul, especially because we don't take into consideration the context. But that's another message for another time. I wanna take a look at this phrase here found in Jude chapter one, verses 20 and 21. And often people do read this portion of scripture as if it applies to the gift of speaking in tongues. But it actually talks about something else. But you, beloved, building yourselves up in your most holy faith and praying in the Holy Spirit. Keep yourselves in the love of God, waiting for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that leads to eternal life. We also see this mentioned in Ephesians chapter six, verse 18. Pray in the spirit at all times and on every occasion. Stay alert and be persistent in your prayers for all believers everywhere. There again, we see that phrase. Now, the term praying in the spirit in Jude one, 20 and 21 means the same thing as in Ephesians chapter six, verse 18. These two uses of the term praying in the Holy Spirit differ from what we see in first Corinthians chapter 14, verse 15, where we see Paul the apostle, of course, speaking specifically on the gift of speaking in tongues. But here's a little something I wrote that hopefully will help you understand this concept of praying in the Holy Spirit. To pray in the spirit is to desire an agreement with heaven. To speak aloud those petitions which originate in the will of the Father. True prayer in the spirit begins in union with God. Praying in the Holy Spirit is praying in harmony with the will of the Holy Spirit, with the guidance of the Holy Spirit and in the power of the Holy Spirit. To pray in the Holy Spirit is to pray in cooperation with the person of the Holy Spirit. To pray according to his will. To pray according to his leading. And in order to this, to do this, we have to be sensitive to the person of the Holy Spirit. We have to be listening for that voice. You see, the Bible describes hypocrites who pray. And when hypocrites pray, they receive the fullness of their reward for their superficial motives. That's all they ever receive. The praises of man, the recognition of people. They receive things that, as I said, are superficial. But when you and I pray in the spirit, we are praying from a connection with God, the scripture tells us. He that is joined to the Lord is one spirit with him. That means you and I are in union with God. You and I are united as one with him. You and I are one with the person of the Holy Spirit. And it is out of that oneness that we pray. It is out of that connection that we pray. Many believers have this idea in their minds. And this is why, by the way, so many are discouraged when it comes to prayer. This is why so many look at prayer as if it's an obligation to fulfill instead of an opportunity to seize. Because they imagine that when they enter the place of prayer, that when they enter, I should say the posture of prayer because it's not necessarily limited to one room. So when you enter that posture of prayer, many times you're looking at it as if you are fighting to get God's attention. As if you're begging him to hear you. As if God is showing up to that prayer room just with real reservations and very hesitant and just kind of putting up with you and just barely patient with you.  That's not at all what the scripture describes. We in fact can come boldly before the throne room of God but that's the way you look at it. If you look at it as if you have to convince God to pay attention. If you look at it as if you have to convince God that you deserve an audience with him, well then you're gonna look at it as something that's quite exhausting and you're going to be exhausted even just thinking about it.  So some believers when they go to pray, they imagine that God has his arms folded. He's kind of just glaring at them, maybe a scowl on his face and he just says, okay, what do you want? Why should I listen to you? Why do you deserve my attention? And in fact, many of the things that we do in our corporate gatherings are aimed at God as if he has to be persuaded to be involved with us. We have to jump high enough, shout loud enough, pray for long enough and then maybe we'll have his attention. Now to be clear, there's nothing wrong with shouting. There's nothing wrong with jumping and dancing and praising. There's nothing wrong with praying for extended periods of time. But those things in and of themselves don't necessarily connect us with God because we're already connected with him. In other words, I don't pray to connect with God. I pray from connection with God. And if you realize that you're not praying to connect with God, but rather from connection with God, this produces in you a confidence when you pray, a faith when you pray, so that when you seek him, you approach him knowing, I already have his attention. He's already looking at me. He's already listening to me. I'm not showing up trying to persuade a reluctant God to give me an audience, but rather I approach God knowing that I already have his attention. I'm the apple of his eye. He's looking at me. He's thinking about me. His thoughts toward me are more than I can ever count. He loves me. He's joyful to see me. He's pleased with me. Why? Because I am his child. Now this is true, believe it or not, even when you've made a mistake. Now that doesn't mean that our sins are excused and that we should go on sinning. Of course that would be to abuse the grace of God, which might be a demonstration that you don't love him in the first place. But rather when we approach him, we know that he will forgive us. We know that he will receive us. And this liberates us to pray as we should. So some believers don't pray in the spirit because they think that they have to work up a connection with God. Other believers don't pray in the spirit because they imagine that prayer is a points-based system. That if they pray for 10 minutes, they climb higher up the ladder. If they only prayed for five minutes, well now they're lower on the ladder. If they prayed every day for a week, now they're closer to God. If they missed a day of prayer during that week, that undoes everything that they experienced during that week. Now it may affect you in your confidence. It may affect you in your own perspective. It may affect you in your faith when you go to pray. But in terms of that connection that you have with God through the Holy Spirit, that's been established. So when the scripture tells us to pray in the spirit, it's telling us to pray in sync with the desires and the nature of the person of the Holy Spirit to pray in sync with God. So it's not religious repetition. It's not a script that we repeat. In fact, many times when Christians approach prayer, they're very systematic in the way they approach the things of the spirit. And to be clear, I'm not saying that we mustn't be organized. In fact, the scripture tells us clearly that God is a God of order. And everything that God does has structure and organization to it. But rather, this is to say that the structure is not in place so that God will pay attention to us. The structure is in place so that we can become reflections of God and so that we can remove distractions from ourselves. But still, we come to prayer sometimes thinking it's all a system. And I know that when I first began to pray, I was very rigid in the way that I approached my relationship with God. I would often say, you know, I'm gonna pray for one hour. And then I would pray and pray and pray. And then I would look at the clock and discover that only five minutes had passed and I would become discouraged. And I would feel like I was failing. I would ask questions like, can I stand up when I pray? Do I have to pace when I pray? Can I lie down when I pray? Or is that disrespectful? Do I have to speak out loud when I pray? Can I think my prayers for that matter? Can I think and pray in tongues at the same time? Or can I pray in tongues in my mind? This is how much I overthought it. These were my questions. I obsessed about these details. And then I would wonder, okay, well, when do I pray to intercede for others? When do I pray prayers of supplication? That is, prayers for my own needs. When do I pray in tongues? When do I do spiritual warfare? When do I pray for the nations? And when do I just fellowship? When do I just worship? When do I read the word of God? When do I stay there and just be silent? When do I meditate on the word? And all of these things were running through my mind and I was trying to find the formula to prayer. My friend, prayer is not a formula, it's a flow. Prayer is not a formula, it's a flow. In fact, write that in the comment section. And I am curious, am I describing you in any way maybe some of the ways that you think about prayer? Let me know. So prayer is not a formula, it's a flow. We have to be led by the Holy Ghost when we pray. That's when I'm talking about this oneness, what I mean. That we're already united with Him. That we already have that connection. That He's already guiding us and leading us. And that if we would just set aside the distractions, if we would just stop being entangled in our own emotions and overthinking in paranoia and religious dogmon legalistic thinking, if we were to just lay that aside and focus on Jesus and ask for the leading of the Holy Spirit, that He would take us by the hand and guide us to the depths of prayer. Here's something I wrote that helped me to describe this oneness that I'm talking about. Oneness, as I am describing it here, is that flow of the Spirit that is so natural that you don't even know you're flowing. It's obedience inspired from such depth that you're not even aware that you're obeying. In moments like those, there is no gap of time between when the Spirit speaks and you respond. It just is.  It's so very natural. There's no thought given, no mechanics to be forced. It's just like that. When you realize oneness with the Holy Spirit, it's as though you are a member of a great body and the Spirit is the mind that controls even the most subtle of movements. Your movement becomes His movement. Your intent dissolves in God's will. Your presence and His presence become indistinguishable from one another. Indeed, you are joined with the Lord and in that union you find the beginning of true prayer. Now let me qualify that statement. Your presence and His presence become indistinguishable from one another. I'm not saying that you are Him. I'm not saying that He is you. I'm saying that you walk so closely with Him that people begin to see Jesus in you. That when you walk into rooms, you change the atmosphere simply by being there. What do I mean by change the atmosphere? You change the attitudes and the disposition of those who are there. You change the sense of what could be in the air. Sometimes there's tension in the air. Sometimes there's perversion in the air. And when you walk in as a born-again Spirit-filled believer who understands this flow with the Spirit, you understand that you're not just waiting to go to heaven, but that heaven lives in you. And when you walk into that room, you bring with you peace. You bring with you joy and clarity and holiness and the weight of that glory. When you begin to flow with the Holy Spirit in this way, you don't have to go chasing atmospheres. Atmospheres follow you. In fact, you don't have to chase atmospheres because you become one. You become a carrier of the glory of God. Galatians chapter five verse 17 says this, the sinful nature wants to do evil, which is just the opposite of what the Spirit wants. And the Spirit gives us desires that are the opposite of what the sinful nature desires. These two forces are constantly fighting each other so that you are not free to carry out your good intentions. So what does it mean to flow with the flesh? That means to flow with selfish desires, sinful desires, secular desires. But to flow with the Spirit is to go with his desires, to move as he moves, so that now when you approach prayer, you're not trying to systemize it. You're not very rigid with it. It's not like a mechanic that needs to be forced or a gimmick or how shall I say a methodology that now needs to be put into application, but rather it becomes this relationship from which you flow out of and you hear the voice of the Holy Spirit speaking and he tells you, pray for that loved one now. Okay, now I'm moving you into a moment of worship. Now I want you to be still, be silent, listen for my voice. Now I want you to pray, intercessory prayers. Now I want you to pray against the powers of the enemy. Now you can make your supplication and you just sense this flow. When it comes to the move of the Holy Spirit, you can't fight him and you can't force him. In other words, you can't fight against what he wants to do and you can't force him to do what he doesn't. Instead, now you flow with his desires. Romans chapter eight, verses 26 to 28 says this, And the Holy Spirit helps us in our weakness. For example, we don't know what God wants us to pray for, but the Holy Spirit prays for us with groanings that cannot be expressed in words. And the Father who knows all hearts knows what the Spirit is saying. For the Spirit pleads for us believers in harmony with God's own will. And we know that God causes everything to work together for the good of those who love God and are called according to his purpose for them. Go with me, as I said, to Romans eight, 26 to 28. I wanna break this down now. And the Holy Spirit helps us in our weakness. Now we know that we have many weak points. And at first, this statement is a general statement. It's describing the fact that the Holy Spirit helps to fill in the gaps of our lack. So in those areas where maybe we lack patience, he helps us to become more patient. Where we lack love, he helps us to be more loving. And then an example is given. For example, we don't know what God wants us to pray for. Wasn't that the truth? Aside from the word of God, aside from the guidance of the Holy Spirit, we don't know what God wants us to pray for. That's why Jesus had to instruct us to pray because we don't always know how to speak aloud those petitions which originate in the will of the Father. And in fact, sometimes we pray out of the flesh. Did you know you can pray in the flesh? Did you know you can pray ungodly prayers? Think about the fact that atheists, when they're in enough trouble, atheists, when they find themselves in enough trouble, they pray. People of religions, they pray but to false gods, according to false ways, according to a false doctrine, they still pray. Skeptics pray. Unbelievers pray. Religious people pray. But that doesn't mean that they're necessarily praying in the Holy Spirit. And we as Christians can sometimes pray out of a different nature. We as Christians can sometimes pray out of the flesh. We pray out of emotion. Maybe somebody upsets us and we pray against that person. Now that doesn't necessarily mean that it has power. I know there's a lot of superstitious teaching around this topic and some people will tell you, well, you know, there's life and death and the power of the tongue. And they'll say that with the misapplication of the scripture. That's a different message for a different time. I'll just say this in short. We as believers don't have creative power. We have cultivating power. We cannot cause things to come into existence, but we can cause things to come into order. God allows us to speak as stewards but not as starters of creation. And so when you pray those prayers, those prayers only have as much power and authority as the will that's backing them. Let me say that again. Prayers only have as much power and authority as the will that is backing them. So yes, you may pray out of emotion against someone. Now that's ungodly. You shouldn't pray such things and it's a revelation of what's going on in your heart. We should repent of those things. We're also recognizing that we shouldn't necessarily fall for the superstitious teachings that would cause us to be afraid in that instance. You just repent, you say, I shouldn't have said that and then you move on. Furthermore, you may pray out of fear. Maybe we confuse sometimes worry and fear for prayer. In fact, worry is how your flesh prays. Worry is doubt spoken aloud. And sometimes we pray or we think we're praying, but really what we're doing is we're just worrying out loud and hoping that it accomplishes something. So none of us can accomplish anything via worry. And so sometimes we pray out of worry. Sometimes we pray out of emotion. Sometimes we pray out of anger. Sometimes we pray simply out of need. And while these aren't necessarily always bad, I mean, you can pray out of a need and God will meet that need because he loves us, but it's better to pray rather from the spirit. Not out of fear, not out of desperation, though desperation has its place, but to pray according to the will of the spirit, we pray according to the flow of that spirit. For example, we don't know what God wants us to pray for. So sometimes we pray from the outer shells of who we are, but the Holy Spirit prays for us with groanings that cannot be expressed in words. The Holy Spirit prays for us with groanings that cannot be expressed in words. Think about that. And again, I think sometimes we just gloss over scripture and we don't really stop to consider the implications of what we just read, but the Holy Spirit prays for us, think about that. The Holy Spirit prays for you. The Holy Spirit loves you like no one else loves you. The Holy Spirit knows you like no one else knows you and he prays for you. He can pray for you with more effectiveness than anyone else can. He prays for you with more love than a parent prays for a child. He prays for you with more passion than a husband prays for a wife or a wife prays for a husband. And he offers these prayers on your behalf as perfected prayers. Prayers perfectly in line with the will of God for the scripture says in verse 27, and the Father who knows all hearts knows what the Spirit is saying for the Spirit pleads for us believers. Now this is a strong word pleads. In other words, there's this pooling, there's this yearning. He pleads for us believers in harmony with God's own will. So picture this. There's a flow of a river and maybe you're not flowing as the river should cause you to flow. Maybe you're fighting against that current or you're moving off to the sides on the river banks and trying to get out. Well, the Holy Spirit, his prayers are like that current that pool you back in. He pleads for us according to God's will. He pleads for us in harmony with what God wills. So the Holy Spirit pulls us back to those places we need to be. He will not lose one of us.  Is not Christ the perfect shepherd capable of bringing his sheep back into the fold. He will pull you back into the will. Not necessarily against your will but he will use circumstances. He will use conviction. He will use people. He will do whatever it takes to bring you back into alignment. This is what the Holy Spirit does. Have you ever, for example, maybe you experienced the season where you were lacking in your prayer life and you notice these dips and you notice that you're not reading as much as you should. You notice that you're not committing as much time to prayer as you should. And you notice that maybe old habits are starting to return. And then out of seemingly nowhere, let's say, for example, you started to notice the dip on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday. You just notice that you're kind of going off track there and then out of nowhere on Friday, suddenly there's like this burst of spiritual energy where there's just this redirection. You get this renewed desire to pray. You get this renewed desire to read the word. You get this renewed desire to get back on track. That's the Holy Spirit's prayers coming into effect. He's helping to lead you back onto the right path. I call this random burst of spiritual energy and spiritual willpower because the Holy Spirit's pleading for us in harmony with God's own will. Aren't you thankful for the work of the Holy Spirit? I know I am. Verse 28, and we know that God causes everything to work together for the good of those who love God and are called according to his purpose for them. So we often quote that scripture. God works everything out together. Well, how does he do that? He does that through the prayers of the Holy Spirit. He does that through the poolings and the pleadings of the person of the Holy Spirit. So you look at Luke chapter 22 now, verses 41 through 43. Speaking of Jesus, and this is just before his crucifixion, he walked away about a stone's throw and now down and prayed. Father, if you are willing, please take this cup of suffering away from me. Yet I want your will to be done, not mine. Then an angel of heaven appeared and strengthened him. Here we see the Lord in a moment of anguish, knowing what's coming, knowing crucifixion, pain, suffering are all just on the other side of his act of obedience. And here he is asking the Father, if there is another way, let's take that route. Nevertheless, not my will, but your will be done. That is praying according to the Holy Spirit. If you look closely here, you see that there was a part of Jesus that was asking if there was a way out of this. I mean, who wants to be crucified? Who wants to endure that pain? Who wants to bear the weight to the fullness of sin? And that is to combine the sin of every generation, every individual and the shame of that sin in one moment and place it upon him when he's feeling that physical pain upon the cross. So he knows what's coming and it is not a comfortable feeling. And yet despite that discomfort, he persists on doing the will of God and the Holy Spirit causes the will of the Father to be prayed through you and I. Just as Jesus surrendered to the will of the Father in this moment in prayer, so the Holy Spirit helps you and I to surrender to the will of the Father in prayer. And so he causes us to pray God's will. He causes us to be in harmony in sync with heaven. This is the power of praying God's will. It's also the power of praying God's word, which is what it means to pray in the Holy Spirit. And this is where the real power is because alignment accesses authority. Alignment accesses authority. John 15-7, but if you remain in me and my words remain in you, you may ask for anything you want and it will be granted. So here Jesus is giving us a condition for prayers being answered. Now we should pay close attention to what he's saying here because he's giving an if this, then that scenario. He's telling us if you do this, this is the result. But if you remain in me and my words remain in you, you may ask me for anything you want and it will be granted. So here he's giving us the key, the secret, the condition that has to be met in order for us to have our prayers answered. So what does it mean to remain in me or to abide in me? And this is important. So he says, if you remain in me, if you abide in me, then and only then can you ask me for anything you want and I'll grant it to you. Now watch this first John 3, 24. It gives us this definition or somewhat of a definition of what it means to abide in him. Whoever keeps his commandments remains in God, in God and him. And by this we know that he remains in us by the spirit he has given us. It's more pointed here in first John 3, 21 to 22. Beloved, if our heart condemn us not, then we have confidence toward God. And whatsoever we ask, we receive of him. Why? Because we keep his commandments and do those things that are pleasing in his sight. So the scripture tells us that if we delight ourselves in him, he will give us the desires of our heart. Here Jesus is saying that if you walk according to my will and word that you can pray anything and I'll grant it. Now why is that? Because the person who walks according to the will and the word of God will pray prayers that are aligned with his will and God is not going to say no to his own will. In other words, when you echo the prayers that the Holy Spirit is praying, when you pray what the Holy Spirit desires, when you pray what the Holy Spirit wants, when you pray what the Holy Spirit has planned, then and only then are you guaranteed that your prayers will be answered, no exceptions. And that's a promise from Jesus. So the key is not in convincing God to do what we want to do. The key is in praying the will of God. Not in trying to change the direction of the river, which is God's will, but rather in jumping in the river and saying take me where you want me to go. And in doing this, we do and become that which pleases God. We do and become the will of the Father in the earth. This is what it means to pray in the spirit, to pray in alignment with the will of the spirit, to pray in alignment with the word of God, to pray with the guidance of the Holy Spirit in the power of the Holy Spirit under the influence of the Holy Spirit. It is to align ourselves with that precious person, the Holy Spirit and pray what he's praying with groanings that cannot be uttered. And so Psalm 37.4, I just quoted it to you, delight thyself also in the Lord and he shall give thee the desires of thine heart. Why? Because when I delight myself in the Lord, my desires become his desires. When I delight myself in the Lord, my will becomes his will. When I delight myself in the Lord, I love what he loves and I hate what he hates. When I delight myself in the Lord, I look at his plan instead of my plan and I say, Lord, let's go with your plan. And so this is what it means to pray according to his will and according to his word. That is what it means to pray in the Holy Spirit, to pray surrendered to the spirit. There is no system, it is simply surrender. So precious Lord, I pray that you would help your people to understand the oneness that they have with the precious Holy Spirit. And I ask you that you would cause them to pray prayers that are aligned with your will. Take us to the depths of your presence, Lord. Teach us to walk according to your word. Help us to surrender. Help us to submit. And Lord, when we waiver, help us to come back to the right path. Teach us, I pray. To pray according to your will and word. To pray in the spirit. And Lord, I ask that you would meet every need, bring forth healing and deliverance and breakthrough. I give you the honor and the praise. I break the power of addiction. The power of the Holy Spirit is flowing right now. Just receive that. I break addiction right now. There's someone watching. You've been struggling with a lust addiction.   Lord, I come against guilt and shame, bring healing to their heart and mind in Jesus' name. Lord, begin to align bones, heal tumors, sickness and disease of all kinds. I give you the praise, Jesus, for all the work you are doing. I want you to type it if you agree. Type, amen. 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Now that your ad is finally up in the air, let's learn how to analyze your ad information and the results that it gave you so that you will learn how to analyze your ads correctly and multiply your success on those best performers. Now you have your campaigns, your ad sets and your ads and all of these results which you can see over here. In order to begin customizing your columns, use the resources PDF that you have for this course. Over there you'll have a link to a document file which will explain every step of the way. I created this document for you so you will have a much easier time customizing your columns and not spending too much time on it. Let me go over one by one and show you how it's done. Once you open that document file on your ad screen, click on columns and then click on customize columns. Once you're on this screen, use that document file that you have in the resources PDF for this course and over there you'll have a list of everything that you need to click in, everything that you need to leave out and the order that you want everything to show up in to just make your job a whole lot easier. Once you're done customizing your columns according to the document, click save as preset and give your custom columns a name so that you will always be able to choose it when you are seeing the results for your ads and you can also set it as a default after you give it a name. So that way you'll always be seeing this one first. Now let's go over each column and I will explain the meaning of each one. So you are in your ads and it doesn't matter if you're in the ad or the ad set or the campaign, it's just much easier for me to see the results in the ad section. So once you are looking at your ad copy, the first thing that you'll see is the ad name, then you'll see the delivery, whether the ad is currently running or not, mine is currently off, but yours should still be running for at least three days. Then you have your ad budget, how much you're spending a day on this ad. Then you'll have the amount spent, which is how much you spend up until this point. So if my budget is $10 a day and so far I spent almost $15, you'll know that this ad is running for about a day and a half now. Next, you'll have the results. Now the results is going to show you the results for the campaign objective that you set. In our case, we went for post boost engagement. So the results for the post engagements is 13,417. That means that Facebook, out of my $14.62, they were able to give me 13,417 people who will engage with my post. Let's move on to learn more about that. Cost per result is how much money I paid for each result, for each post boost engagement that Facebook gave me from their audiences. So my cost per result is 0.001 cents. This is a very good result. It means that I really didn't have to spend that much for each result that I asked from Facebook to get to me, which is a post boost engagement from their audiences. They charged me only 0.001 cents for each result that they gave me. And that is because we went worldwide and Facebook just went for the cheapest audience to give me the results that I'm looking for. And as you can see here, it worked. Let's move on. The reach is 29,432, which means Facebook was able to show my ad copy to this number of people. Then you have the impressions, which is 35,625, which is always going to be more than your reach. The impressions is how many people's devices my ad was shown on, but it reached 29,000 people, which means these people did stay a second to see the ad. Next, you have your link clicks. So I have 223 clicks. Even though this campaign objective was not for link clicks, I was still able to get them anyway from my post boost engagement objective. Moving on. The next column is three second video plays because here you want to see how many people played your video for at least three seconds to see if your video is even interesting at all. In this case, out of 29,000 people that my ad was on, almost half of those people watched the video for at least three seconds and those are good results. The first three seconds, as I've said, are critical. The more people are watching three second of your video, the more you'll know that it is an interesting video and you did know those first three seconds. Next, video percentage watched, which is about 50%, which is what I just said, about 48% of the people watched the video when it came up on their phone, which is also a very good result because people are usually not scroll stoppers. They usually keep scrolling even after one second, whatever they're seeing is not interesting and they keep scrolling. Next, you have your video average play time. So I know that my video was almost 14 seconds long and if the average view time is seven seconds, it means that people are watching just about 50% of my video length. Next, you have your frequency. The reason that I added this result to the columns is because you want to make sure that people are not seeing your ad too many times, not the same person. Each person should view your ad one to one and a half times, which is 1.0 to 1.5. If your number is more than 1.5, then your ad is experiencing what we call fatigue. The same people are seeing your ad and if they're not buying it and you're advertising to them over and over again, your ad is not going to give you any good results. That is why you should make sure that the frequency is anywhere between 1.0 to 1.5. Once it goes above that, your ad is being watched too many times by the same people. Therefore, you'll need to expand your audience size by adding in more audience interests and that is how you can grow your audience size and show your ad to more people. So the frequency is 1.21, which is perfect. Let's move on to clicks all. The clicks all is the number of times that people clicked inside your ad. Whether it was a link or not, as long as the click was anywhere inside the ad box, even if the click was worthless, it's going to be counted in clicks all. This is different from link clicks which we just talked about a minute ago because link click is referring to how many times a viewer clicked on a link on your ad. If there are no links, they just clicked on an open box, it is going to be under clicks all. So as you can see, 621 people clicked inside the ad but only 223 clicked on a link. Well, it's not only 220 people to go inside my website, even if what I was asking was just a post-boost engagement on Facebook, that is a really good result. But as you can see, 600 people clicked, 220 were links, 400 of those clicks were just worthless clicks, but they were inside the ad and I want to count how many times people are interacting with my ad. Next, you have your CPC all, which is your average price that you're paying for each link click. So it is still a low price even though this wasn't our objective, that is a great result. Next, you have your CTRL, which is the click-through rate for all of the people who clicked anywhere inside your ad in a percentage number. Next, you have your cost per 1,000 people, how much money I paid Facebook to show my ad to 1,000 people, 50 cents. As you can agree with me, 50 cents is really not allowed to reach 1,000 people. Next, you have your CPM, your cost per 1,000 impressions, which is how much you paid Facebook to show my ad to 1,000 people, even if they didn't stay a second to look at my ad. Next, you can see how many people commented and reacted on your post. So this is another form of post engagement that Facebook brought to you from their audiences. Next, you have another form of post engagement to see how many people commented and reacted on your post. But in just about a minute, I'll show you the ad where there you can see the exact posts and the likes and how much engagement it really got. Then you'll have extra perks, which if you got these things, then you'll know that you can move on to purchase campaigns and run another ad to find people to buy your product. So what do we have here? You have your content views, which is a view content, which means how many people went inside my website and viewed a product page. So from this ad, which all I asked from Facebook for is to get me some post engagements, which was great and it made my post viral, that's all I really wanted. But since the product was interesting and the ad was created, well, Facebook was also able to give me an audience that will also click on my ad. And it also gave me an audience which viewed the content. Now view content is very, very important. So, so far I got 60 view contents and I'll go back to that in just a minute. After that, I also had one ad to cart and one checkout initiated, but that person did not go on to purchase. Why? I don't know. I can go and start analyzing that. We also have an abandoned cart campaign which Shopify will send an email to that customer and try to get him back. A few lessons ago, I talked about that and it's already configured inside your Shopify store. But the point here is that we already have enough content views to create a new ad, a conversion ad, instead of a post boost engagement objective, the objective for the next campaign is going to be a view content campaign. Why? Because I already have 60 people who viewed my content, which means my Facebook pixel is already starting to get fed. Once you create a new campaign where your objective is going to be view content, Facebook is going to look for an audience that will view your content. Now I know you're looking for purchases. You're not just looking for someone to view your content. But what you're doing here is you're feeding the Facebook pixel with the right amount of data. Once you start with the post boost engagement then you move on to view content. Once you do that, you will start getting a lot of results for view contents. Facebook is going to give you audience that will click on your ad and view the content of the product on your website. Once you get a lot of view contents, you'll see that naturally your ad to carts will start increasing more and more. And once you'll have 20 ad to carts then you can create an ad to cart campaign objective. Once you create an ad to cart campaign objective you will start to see that Facebook is giving you a lot of people that are adding your product to their carts and some of those people will start to check out and purchase your product. The next step after that is once you get at least 20 purchases then you can create a purchase campaign. This is usually the most expensive campaign to run and that is why we had to build it slowly and gradually starting from post boost engagement. After 20 view contents we created a view content campaign objective and ran our ads on that. Then once we had 20 ad to carts from the view content we are going to create a ad to cart campaign. Once you have 20 purchases from your ad to cart campaign that is when you are going to run a purchase campaign. Now your Facebook pixel at this point will be truly fed with the right audiences that love to add to cart and purchase products from what you are trying to sell and it will keep optimizing itself from there and that is where you are going to start seeing real sales and real profits. So yeah you are going to have to create three to four ads until you start seeing the success. Do not worry about the $5, $10 and $15 that you spent on your previous ads and do not worry if your post boost engagement did not get you any ad to carts but it should get you some content views. If you didn't get at least 20 content views then your post boost engagement ad probably needs some tweaking. Check out your general audience interests. Check out to see if there are any competitors that are killing your product. Check to see what's going on why you're not getting those view contents and if you were not able to find the answer just find a new product, create a new ad, create a new video for your ad, it's fine. 99% of the dropshippers do not nail it on their first product and that is fine. The money that you're spending is for your own knowledge. Once you get enough knowledge you can use that knowledge to generate lots of sales and profit and run a successful dropshipping business. I know that this was a lot of information but it's very, very important to learn how to do this step by step and that is exactly what I've been doing until now. So after a day and a half, this ad worked really well. Let me show you the ad on Facebook. Here's the ad, there's the video that I showed you last lesson. We got 269 reactions for this post, 47 comments, 20 people share this post and here you can see the people's comments. So at the end of the day this was a successful ad and we want to create more. The next ad that I would create in this point as I've said is the view content. Once I get 20 ad to cards, I'll make an ad to card campaign. Then from that campaign, once I get 20 purchases from that I'll create a purchase campaign. That is how you build it. That is how you feed the pixel. That is how you analyze your ads and see which ones are working well. Now, if you created three videos for your ads all you have to do is click on the duplicate button and give it a quick duplicate. Now, since I'm in the ads column it's going to create another duplicate ad. If you want to change the settings like your audience demographics, audience interests, your daily budget or any other setting that you had just create a duplicate for your campaign and edit out whatever you want from there. And this way you'll be able to test which video is the best performer out of the three that you have. And that is one of the best and smartest ways to split test your ads. Ladies and gentlemen, that is all of the best information that I can pass on to you on how to create Facebook ads, make them successful, learn to analyze them, launch the correct ads and reach the right audience that will go and buy the product from your store. If you have any questions just let us know and we'll always be happy to help you out. And your assignment for this lesson is to customize the columns in your ads so that you can analyze each column the right way, see the relevant information that you need to see, learn to differentiate between low performers and good performing ads and use the resources PDF to find that document file that will help you customize each and every one of these columns. Once you do that, see what's working well, see what's not and make the right tweaks to continue optimizing the process. And I will see you in the next lesson where you will learn how to fulfill the orders that you are getting on your store. See you in the next lesson.


Today I have the pleasure of interviewing Glenn Kennedy about tech technology on the Canadian stock market How are you today? I'm well Tracy. Thanks for letting me join you and of course you represent sciata mobile Correct. Can you tell us a little bit about your experience in technology in the Canadian markets? Yeah, we're excited the technology the market that we're addressing is specifically for Commercial fleet vehicles and throughout all of North America. There are approximately 17 million commercial fleet vehicles that are on the road today, and we think we have a solution That's new that's unique that's in demand both by the customers who are operating these vehicles And also by the cellular wireless carriers both in the US and in Canada and for all of you investors right now They're looking at technology and you're not hearing crypto. You're not hearing blockchain or artificial intelligence We are hearing about technology that actually has revenue So can talk to us a little bit about your revenue presently and your major deal with AT&T Yeah, we announced that we finally got our device certified and ready for sale with AT&T in the month of June of this year And since that time we've started to sell to their customers We've announced one release already Indicating a customer that it was actually a yellow school bus a fleet of yellow school buses that are purchasing over a thousand units Of ours, so we're real excited about that opportunity, and we're also have a real robust sales pipeline of other Opportunities with AT&T customers who are looking at our technology because they simply can't get a solution like that from anyone Other than ourselves We've often seen a number of analysts select you as their top stock pick in the Canadian market for moving up towards Higher effective market valuation. Can you tell us a little bit more about the vision of the overall company? Yeah, definitely. We see ourselves really focused on wireless communications and specifically in the push-to-talk market These are companies that are using push-to-talk technology to keep in touch with their drivers who are in the field That's our expertise. We can develop products that work exceptionally well for them and allows them to the drivers to operate Very safely as well. So we love the the market. We think the market is growing We see that market shifting from Private two-way radios that they used to purchase from companies like Motorola and Kenwood and others and now It's moving on to the cellular networks, and that's where we come in So one of the things that we as shareholders love about Sayat is you're constantly achieving mandates that you you're putting forth You guys are almost understated with your news flow. What should we as shareholders anticipate in this upcoming quarter or two? You're going to see more announcements coming from us as we get new announce new sales into some new vertical markets We won't mention every sale But certainly the key ones we will mention in press releases to let the market know that we're now selling to this market now selling to That market so definitely you can expect to see a lot more of that coming from us in the coming quarter and weeks ahead Well Glenn it's a pleasure. Thank you so much for joining us today. Thanks so much Tracy


Good, I'm 840 here. Let me know if there's too much wind. I'm still at Manly Beach So Speaking hatefully is a bad thing, right? being unnecessarily hateful Saying, you know, all these bad things should happen to a particular group, you know, that's bad rassing people They're going to their workplace or their house of worship or their community That's a bad thing But these terms have been so grossly Inflated to simply cover any type of speech that I don't like so on Twitter effectively over the past Six years or so Harassment simply meant meant disagreeing with a woman. Like if you disagree with a woman on Twitter If you puncture her logic in any way, you know, you're harassing her so Alex Jones was banned from social media or the social media companies effectively acted in uniform back in 2018 I was in Finland because Alex Jones has said so many They're just wrong harmful things, you know, leading to the for the harassment of the Sandy Hook parents So I was in building I'm almost a free speech absolutist, but I was in Bill Blunt when Big Tech banned Alex Jones It didn't didn't particularly bother me and understand why people would not want him on on their platform On the other hand, I have no problem in the same way conservatives would want Alex Jones on Ben Alex Jones is right wing Does support Republicans in the right wing against the left? So he is To a degree a comrade in arms, which is that he appeals to a lower IQ audience I was thinking what do Alex And one thing that we all have in common is that we all want to be a more excited place And so we're all romantic Reality that is really there. So Alex Jones speaks to a 95 IQ audience Spencer speaks to an audience with an average IQ around 115 Think my audience has an average IQ around 115 so The type of excitement that the 115 IQ person seeks out is very different from the type of excitement that the 95 IQ person seeks out Alex Jones is on the right, right?  I don't Don't care for Alex Jones. I think he does a tremendous amount of harm But I have to recognize that he is a fellow fighter on the right. So I understand why conservatives would want to see him Unbanned and Cortez says that Donald Trump first thing you need to do is not unbanned alarmist first thing you need to do is not so much unbanned Donald Trump but the first thing you need to do is to unbanned Why conservatives love Alex Jones so much it wasn't so much about Why Alex Jones should be banned from Twitter That's easy to understand why conservatives love Alex Jones because he's appealing to a low IQ crowd like Donald Trump Donald Trump's the pro whisperer like Donald Trump is excellent at speaking to the 95 IQ audience and So too with Alex Jones. He's speaking to an audience that wants excitement and purpose and meaning in life That they want to feel like they're living from the inside that they're getting the real deal They're finally, you know understanding how the world works around them and because they only have an IQ of around 95 Right there their intellectual possibilities are quite limited if they weren't listening to Alex Jones They would not be reading Shakespeare Although I do think the case of Alex Jones brings up a very interesting question in terms of the free speech issue That is Someone who is absolutely absolutely polluting the discourse. Okay, I agree with that, but what do you expect? from someone who's Speaking to the 99 That is that he's he's not only wrong obviously many people are wrong most academic articles The science is actually kind of wrong more or less, but he's acting in a kind of bad face I think Alex Jones might very well believe what he's saying I think he does actually but he it doesn't matter whether Alex Jones believes in what he's saying sincerity is not a virtue Right sincerity is not something we need more of He's just being completely diluted personality and because he has this charisma He is able to gain a tremendous following and he's able to Grift off this following and just it's not his charisma. It's the sense of excitement that he he brings Right.  So he really has wanted to talk It's similar to what Richard Spencer has done. He's given diluted people an excited way of understanding the world And it's what Richard Spencer is still doing Right with the polywism Right, it's a a romantic exciting way of understanding the world I'm feeling like you're living from the inside and this is the the real deal Now you're you're connected to the universe and you're aligned with your true self All right, it's one romantic crusade after another for Richard and one romantic crusade after another for Alex Jones just that one person speaking to a To a crowd with an average IQ around 115 to 120 And another bloke is speaking to a crowd with an average IQ around 90 Is his own Delusion and I do think that that kind of figure is deeply toxic You have to have some Yeah, Alex Jones, you know is toxic, right? He's he's motivated people to do horrible things such as harass the the sandy hook parents who lost their children in that mass shooting at sandy hook If people look to Alex Jones for more than entertainment value and start, you know taking some of his more deluded Perspective seriously and start harassing people on that basis. Yeah, it's toxic But 10 thing could be said for many of the phones of Richard Spencer and taking many of the things that Richard has said seriously I said It's not just the message It's how it plays out with a particular audience So, you know, how many hundreds of peoples of lives have been damaged because of Richard Spencer How many hundreds of people's lives have been damaged by Alex Jones Again, the people that both of them have damage Are people who've been seeking, you know illicit forms of excitement pieces in reality to Speak and to actually contribute to discourse There really is no value in listening to a schizophrenic Tell you about how, you know, space aliens are telling her that for, you know, and what's the killer And it's a really big problem. And that's what so this being some reasonably thoughtful stuff on Alex Jones Richard Spencer was a willing guest on Alex Jones. He was a willing guest on Russia today Right Richard said at the time he went on Alex Jones because he's an American institution So if you look at Richard Spencer and Alex Jones as entertainment, then they're not going to have a toxic effect on you All right, Richard Spencer's intellectual entertainment Alex Jones is conspiratorial Entertainment if you look to them for more than entertainment You're going to get wrong But if you put them in their proper genre of entertainers provocateurs shock jocks All right, put people in their proper genre and much less likely to hurt you That's why she's locked herself in her room for 48 hours.  That's what everyone says and when everyone says something that means that it is ultimately a meaningless platitude There actually is such a thing as bad speech And there is such a thing that is just so toxic and stupid, but which seems to be able to kind of call upon You know based emotions or maybe even incipient schizophrenia among the audience Okay, and you could say the same thing for much of Richard Spencer's work Now when he was going around saying Hail our people hail freedom. You know see Kyle and his followers were greeting him with Nazi salutes All right, this is the same kind of manic diluted schizophrenic energy that Alex Jones appeals to And I think it actually is extremely bad and at the very least we should talk about it seriously And not just kind of grandstand about our love for free speech. But anyway the Yeah, I give Richard credit here. This is something that does to be spoken about seriously and Much of what Alex Jones puts out is toxic is bad for people does leave people in a bad direction Though the very same thing could be said for much of what Richard Spencer has promoted His compadres have promoted Right. A lot of lives have been ruined by people pushing Edgy dissident dissident right in the nancy material Motivated me to write this a blog. Let me uh post it here. Let me post things My main issue really isn't so much of you know, is Alex Jones acting bad faith is Alex Jones promoting public square But why do conservatives love Alex Jones? Okay, it's easy Because he's on their side They're all right wing and they see the leftist anatomy. Oh, man Now they Yeah, Twitter. Twitter. What are you doing this to me bro? I'm trying to run any production here Twitter keeps messing with me So An excuse this use is made for Alex Jones. It's basically Okay. Yeah, Richard's right.  He knows not what he's what he's doing Um, I think on another level Alex Jones represents a really serious problem with conservatism In the sense that everything is an emergency for them Look, Alex Jones is just a really dumb low IQ version of conservatism I'm sure there are lots of dumb slow IQ versions of left-wing thought as well The election is the most important election of your lifetime and what it is it's about saying no to something They are naysayers. No, what it is is about creating meaning and excitement for people I particularly people with Not terribly many options and without much cognitive capacity It's about loudly yelling go at some the latest novelty, you know, it's wearing mask or drag queen story hour or CRT or whatever and And you know aisles. Yeah, a hero system is a biological necessity There's some way of attaching yourself to something greater than yourself absolute biological necessity We all fear being insignificant And so we're looking to attach ourselves to a cause to you know, something that transcends us something that's going to Outlive us we want to attach ourselves to something that goes back in time and will you know Outlive us and by attaching ourselves to something like that Then we can overcome our own fear of insignificance It's all those things but they they're they they're these they're a type of person who's kind of overwhelmed by the world they're overwhelmed by Progressives who are kind of well, what type of people were attracted to which is Spencer back in the day Assembly people who are overwhelmed by the world And looking for meaning and excitement looking for the thrills And looking to take on Some kind of heroic quest. These are the same people who are interested in which is Benz's version of apolloism And so they're playing whack-a-mole Or there it's just this endless rearguard action that we've got to yell no at something new And when you're in that situation of being overwhelmed There's there's no time and there's no ability to actually put forth a vision of the world And as I wrote in that sense The conservative intellectual really becomes an oxymoron. You can't think about these things to deeply or too clearly Or with too much nuance because after all it's an emergency A conservative intellectual is not a conservative activist activist not intellectual So which is making genre errors here? My people are intellectuals and not activists. People are activists not intellectuals I activists Rational incentives for enlisting alex jones to the cause of finding their common ground with alex jones And conservative intellectuals are not forming common ground with alex jones I don't want to hear about your analysis of the situation. I don't want to hear about your nuance I don't want to hear about your self-criticism. They're out to get your kids So they are kind of schizophrenic On some level and I think that's maybe another reason why alex jones, but you'll see them No different parts of the conservative movement are not schizophrenically just different genres different worlds activists And not intellectuals intellectuals are not activists conservative intellectuals are not Making common ground with alex jones and quarter is a pundit. She's not an intellectual Adventure purer is a pundit. It's not an intellectual We do think that is that kind of you know, would it luckily write any Initial pages of national review to a standard where history going stop that might very well be the Best maxim of the conservative that is what he is constantly doing And alex jones is doing that for him and he's kind of represented the internet in the sense that he's not doing it with any pretense of Respectability here. He's just ripping his shirt off loudly yelling at people And so we kind of represent the internet he is who you know and culture or conservatives would be If they had his energy and charisma and they had abandoned all pretense of respectability So anyway, uh, there it is. There's my argument Uh, if you guys want to hop in you're welcome. We already have one request here So another reason that many conservatives Are going to form some common ground with alex jones is they want to get on his show They want to be promoted by his media ecosystem alex jones has promoted some true things some good things some accurate things some prescient things You know that matt drudge used to link to him a lot back in the day So alex jones hasn't just done bad hasn't just deteriorated the public discourse Hasn't just been a buffoon or an idiot Or encouraged mental illness he's also done a lot of good things people are complicated All right Of him, you know saying things which eventually came to be That the stock market is going to crash Yeah, it's pretty cute That the new york Yankees are going to lose face itself up now I think the republican party has a much stronger history We're not elements of our party, which you know, perhaps they were helpful time It's just it's ridiculous to keep them. You know these these clowns such as um, uh alex jones, uh What do you mean keep them or not keep them like? Yeah, the republican party doesn't have this enormous top-down power Right No one can exile Now alex jones. He's his own character. He's a self supporting Organization, right? He's been banned from all the major social media and he's still going So it's kind of pointless to talk about the conservative movement of the republican party, you know exiling Alex jones They don't have that power Include amcultor i'd say nick went as as well. Um, yeah I understand your argument. What I understand. I understand your argument. Let me respond and then um, I will First off the national fund At least in my estimation never played a pot just outright skits ready.  He's a little slice of the marijuana. I guess you could say, um, should be Perhaps overly fair. Um, but you know He does represent still conservative id brain and You know, I don't yeah, it doesn't represent the conservative id brain. It represents a manifestation of a 90 iq conservative id brain right 120 130 iq conservatives And not resonating with alex jones 30 percent of conservatives, particularly those who are motivated to vote are highly aligned with alex jones And I don't know if conservatives could really go anywhere. Okay, so E&S opportunity Hey, richard. Thanks really I honestly I think uh, whenever I hear you speak it's like my IQ is increasing on the spot actually Um, I appreciate that. Thank you. Yeah, uh, I got no one to ask, you know Maybe you're looking too much into this, but do you think uh people like alex jones? Because I largely agree with your analysis. Do you think that uh, there's a possibility that they are some sort of controlled opposition? Man, let's talk about controlled opposition just gets boring All right, alex jones is so unhinged, right? He'd be the last person who'd be employed as controlled opposition certainly that possibility and and also, you know Whenever some however something began it doesn't it can end up in some place else And so I think you could definitely make the case that alex jones began He was this entertaining, you know, wild texas radio guy and yeah, there was nothing really Suspicious about it, but uh, I guess you kind of would go there at some point and whenever you have a cash cow like in go wars became that You know depositions and trials and this thing is pumping out hundreds of thousands of dollars a day or something I mean, it's just incredible. Once you have something valuable, then you know the rap Yeah, if you meet 95 IQ 100 IQ Americans need for excitement and feeling like they understand what you know is really going on or what's really running the world Right, there is an enormous audience for that. There are a lot more people out there with a 95 IQ with 145 IQ So he's meeting the need for for meaning and excitement that used to be met by religion All right, if people went into alex jones They'd very likely be in some low IQ form of religion, you know, assembly of god or something like that People are gonna want to get a piece of that pie Yeah, I mean I there's an interesting video of alex jones where I think he's talking about david ike or david icky And david icky is very fixed. I think he used to be an athlete and then he was a sports announcer Like a soccer or football against over in the uk announcer And then he just kind of went off the event and alex jones was saying that Oh You know, he's a turd in the punch ball.  And so you can just immediately dismiss it He's like it was basically suggesting that he was a kind of false opposition in that case Uh, I so I think it and then you know, obviously that same criticism could be applied to alex jones So I think it's possible. I mean without evidence. I would want to make that suggestion But I think I would at least the way I would talk about it is He's not so much that you want to demonize or You know slander the other side like let's get the most ridiculous person possible so that the other side looks bad We win. I think the notion of the adducia Which is something that The mark brahman has talked about I talked about it as well It's it's not so much about like Controlling the other side of this course and making them look like rules who should just be dismissed out of hand It's about kind of creating a synthetic opposition And so the you know, if you're right wing you like alex jones, you know That means you you want to slam but doesn't everyone create a synthetic opposition? Doesn't everyone You know use straw man. Isn't that just a human Lazy way of dealing with your opponents in life is to Describe them in ridiculous unfair dishonest terms. I don't think that's uh something that's unique to alex jones Constitution and talking about the bible and your libertarian And you know all that kind of stuff that that's what it means to be right wing And so I think it's that creation of a synthetic opposition So it's it's like the difference of you know, are you a capitalist or you call me that's where you would shoot So and part of it is that alex jones listeners just have a more medieval worldview, right? They see the devil They see god They see the sacred and the profane and the holy and the unholy they're doing battle all around them And so it's not just a different belief system. There's a different way of experiencing life It's a different sense of self So as opposed to the modern liberal notion of a self that is buffered strategic autonomous basically good You know capable of rationality All right, the more medieval notion self is a human being It's naturally predisposed to what's evil this forest As is vulnerable to being negatively affected by evil forces around it. There are sacred spaces And dangerous places. There are holy men and unholy men And that we're all you know vulnerable to the forces of darkness and evil, right alex jones You know embodies this more medieval perspective on life All conservatives are more medieval than modern liberals All of those That's why no means even close to representing the specter of opinion And yet you create these vionaries where people are like, oh, yeah, I'm on alex jones's son You know, and I think And it can't really really kind of conducive opposition Where it's about synthetically creating the vionary and well He's creating straw men and it's creating a sense of excitement and meaning and a sense that you have the You know the real stuff you have No access to what's going on with the inner party the people who really run things all right I think it's about that excitement and a delusional sense that you're on the inside You understand what's really going on in the world. Bye. Bye


I'll pass you over to Robin Skirch, who will begin his presentation. Thank you, Robin. Thank you, Maurice, for inviting us this evening. Thank you all for turning out on a rather miserable day. I'd like to talk about the same and come to our work for, particularly an interesting project we've been working on. So what I would like to talk about is just a quick introduction. We're going to see a video about a pilot project that we did for Porsche. Then I'm going to tell you a little bit about the technology that we do at today, particularly about our consensus mechanism, and then I'll explain how that technology has been used in the Porsche project. So we'll hopefully have the video now. Thank you, and thank you to Jesse for managing to balance the laptop on the microphone and get the sound working. It's fantastic. So to talk a little bit about our origins. My origins, five years ago, I was a developer working on financial software in the city of London. I had some interest in blockchain. I managed to mine about half a bitcoin. But I didn't know very much about cars. I didn't own a car. I then decided when Ethereum came out, I got very excited about this, very interested in the potential that Ethereum had. I moved to Oxford and was studying at Oxford University. By chance, I met Leif Lundbach, who is the founder of Zane, a CEO. He was doing some research looking at consensus mechanisms, particularly the mathematics behind optimizing these, depending on various conditions. I was very lucky when he decided to open his office in Berlin here that he asked me to join and head up the blockchain team. Thanks. Thank you. So that was February 2017. We incorporated here. A lot of the people who started Zane had a background in the automotive industry. So it was easy for us to work with companies like Daimler. And then what this talk is mainly about was the results of a competition that happened last summer. So Porsche decided to hold a competition to start a pilot project for companies who had started a project on the blockchain forum. I'm glad to say that out of over 120 applicants, we won that competition to start a project. And these were the broad aims that they had for what they wanted from that project. So you'll have seen in the video a lot of the functionality that they wanted. Locking and unlocking the car, allowing other people to access the car, allowing somebody to deliver packages to the boot, but also recording traffic data, which is going to be very important for automotive company to see how the cars are being driven. But as always with blockchain applications, but particularly when you're talking about a luxury item like a Porsche, you want to have a great focus on safety. And you want to be sure that you understand who is driving your car at any time. This presented some challenges, of course. So we only had three months in which to do the project, which is a very short time for any type of project. We had to really build a lot of the hardware or use custom hardware in different ways. None of this had been done before. We were trying to interface to the car system, so this is very low-level systems work, which we had to understand how to do this from scratch. And we were trying to control the vehicle from a smartwatch or a mobile phone using Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy. The version we used wasn't encrypted. The messages were not being encrypted, so we had to develop our own encryption layer on top of that. And also, there are limits on the volume of data that you can transfer. So that was another challenge. And finally, a general challenge to all blockchain systems I think is going to be the question of privacy and compliance with GDPR. So we wanted to record data about the people driving the car, but we had to be very careful about whether that data could be seen as personal or not and how we were going to store that and how we were going to comply with these regulations. So, given that those were the challenges and the aims of our project, how did we use the technology that we had to overcome those challenges? So I'll tell you a little bit now about the technology today and about our consensus mechanism. So you had a good introduction there about consensus mechanisms and particularly proof of work. So we have a two-stage mechanism. So we start with this. This is talking about a private network, actually. So we may be moving to a public network, but we're talking about work on a private network here. And we have a number of nodes that are white-listed. So these are ones that are allowed to participate in the mining process. From that white-listed set of nodes, we produce a committee. And we do this via a process called cryptographic sortition. And the committee, the size of that set on the committee is much smaller than their set of all of the nodes. And that committee then runs proof of work to choose a leader who is then allowed to mine a block. Now, because the size of the committee is quite small, we can have a very low difficulty. We end up doing a lot less computation than we would if you were doing just a pure proof of work system. How we do this, how we select the committee is very interesting, and we use some ideas from Algorand for this. And it's basically relying on two aspects. So we have some data that is public and some that is private. The public data is a seed that is in every block and we have a function that creates a new seed from the seed in the previous block. So that is public. Everybody can see that. Then we mix in with that some private data. So that is the private key of the nodes participating in the network. And the way we do this is we have a verified random function based on the seed. This is all public still. And then we put that along with the private key of a node into a sortition function. The output of that function is a decision whether that node is accepted to be on the committee for that block. So if you look at the first block here, block number four, we've taken the seed, we've worked out our VRF, put that into a sortition function, and two of the nodes on the left have been chosen to be part of the network. Now, they know they're going to... Sorry, part of the committee. They know they will be part of the committee, but no other nodes would know that. The third node there is not part of the committee. The benefit of this is that if you're attacking the system and you would like to take over the committee, you will not know which nodes will be chosen for that committee at any particular block. So if you want to take over the committee, you would have to attack all of the nodes that are part of the white list. Okay. Mathematically, this is a simplified version, but the seed is chosen based on the seed in the previous block. So R here is the block height, and we're just taking a signature of the previous block to produce the next seed. So that's quite simple. The sortition function itself is a little more complex. I'll just go through it very quickly. The part on the right-hand side, this is a ratio. So the value n there is the target size of the committee that we want, and the number underneath, that is the size of the total number of nodes in the network that are white listed. So we're using that ratio to then decide which nodes will be chosen. We do that by the left-hand side. So far, we've had all public information. On the left-hand side, we take, again, some more public information, the block height, the seed. We do something private now. So we take the signature of that information based on the signature of a private key for a particular node. So then that is the private information. That gets put into a hash and put into a decimal. So there comes a number between zero and one. If that number is less than the ratio, then you'll be chosen for the committee. Otherwise, you're not in the committee. So quite a simple computation, not computationally expensive. Okay. So in order to do all this, we decided we would take a fork of the Go Ethereum client. We did this after the Byzantium hard fork. And to the vanilla client, we added some extra features. So we added our consensus mechanism. We also could reduce the size of the dataset that is used for the proof-of-work hash. We reduced that down to 64 megabytes from a gigabyte. So this is then much easier to use on devices that are constrained in terms of resources. We also had to do something because we were primarily working on private networks here. And that is that there's a problem that if you have a private network, there is less incentive to act honestly. And it's possible that if there was a miner who had been removed from the whitelisted set of nodes, he might try to impersonate one of the approved set of nodes. So he might send out a block pretending that that block came from a miner that had been whitelisted. So to prevent that, we make sure that the miners sign the block when they are produced and then this can be checked by all the nodes that accept that block. If you are familiar with setting up a private network on Ethereum and starting a Genesis block, you will perhaps recognize the conflict file for that, so I'm sorry it's probably hard to see at the back there. But basically just the part I wanted to show is that we added some extra contracts into the Genesis block and these are there providing our access control layer. So these contracts are then available for every client and they are used then to whitelist nodes, remove nodes if they haven't been misbehaving. Now to talk about the project itself, we collaborated with a couple of teams as well as Porsche themselves. We worked with the Porsche Digital Lab in Berlin and SpinLab from Leipzig and Accelerator. I should say at this point that although I was involved doing some of the architecture and setting up some of the infrastructure for this project, most of the hard work was done by my colleagues and I should credit them for that. Some of them are here this evening, so I'd like to thank them for that. The system architecture itself, so basically we have some, this could be a mobile device or maybe a smartwatch that has a Bluetooth module that then can connect to the device that we have in the car. We can also connect via Web3 to our Zane network. So here you have some full clients that are on AWS, for example. We also have that then connected to myPFS nodes because we're going to collect data and store that on IPFS. And initially we would also have some extra processor clients, some extra mining because until the vehicle network has reached a critical size, we want to make sure we have sufficient hash power. In the vehicle itself, and I'm sorry this hasn't come out very well on this thing, but we have a Bluetooth module that is accepting transactions from our mobile client. This is talking to a node running in the vehicle that is then talking to the rest of our Zane network. We also have a module that is running whisper, so we're going to send the data that we're collecting via the whisper protocol back to our blockchain and get that stored in IPFS. And then these are connected to a canvas module, so this is the module that connects to the canvas in the car and this is how we interact with the in-car systems. So this acts in two ways, both to record data from the car and also to allow us to perform actions, so to allow the door to be unlocked or the boot to be opened. So for this next slide, I won't go into a huge amount of detail because there are a lot of keys on there. This was just to show you a little bit about how we're approaching the permissioning. So it really is very straightforward. It's very typical of the ideas you're usually using cryptography. We have probably private key pairs generated on our mobile devices and in the vehicle, and this allows them to verify the identity of each other and we use announcers to make sure that we don't get any replay attacks. We also have some symmetric keys in the vehicle that are then used to sign data that will then go into IPFS. So this is the driving data that we're collecting. And then we have some smart contracts and these are holding, for example, a key from the mobile device that is then associated with an Ethereum address. So this is how we keep track of an address associated with a mobile device. Since we did that, we also have another way now that we're thinking of using to simplify key management and that is proxy re-encryption. So I'll just mention this technology briefly, but it is very useful. So the idea behind this is that we have Alice and Bob who you met one half of the partnership in the previous talk. Alice here is going to sign some text and so say this is some data that she has perhaps relating to the driving behaviour or perhaps relating to her ownership of the car and how it has been serviced. She signs this, encrypts it with her public key and so it becomes ciphertext. So at this point, she can decrypt this data, which is fine for her. She knows it's safe, she has control over it, but obviously it's not very useful. She wants to be able to give access to that data to other people. In particular here, she wants to give access to this to Bob. And so the way we do this with proxy re-encryption is that she creates a re-encryption key. To do this, she uses her private key and the public key of Bob. And with this, she can then sign the already encrypted text with this proxy re-encryption key, so that gets re-encrypted into the state that you see on the right. So at no point here does she have to reveal her private key or does she have to reveal the clear text that she had initially. So once she's re-encrypted it with this key that is specific to Bob, then he can decrypt that final data with his private key. So this is the means by which Alice can allow Bob to see, to decrypt this data, to see the data in clear text. And the proxy part there is used that you can set up proxy nodes so that Alice does not have to be online to do all of this. She can grant access to the keys via the proxy. And Bob can go to the proxy to get the keys. Okay. Just look at the hardware. This photo hasn't come out great, but we also used a Raspberry Pi here. We customized heavily. Anyway, we're doing the project initially. So we used the top-of-the-range Pi at the time. A very standard thing. So it's had one gig of RAM. So you can run standard Ethereum node on this without too much trouble. Now we're moving to getting our systems onto much smaller devices and devices that are far more constrained. We did have the problem that we were customizing this by adding what's called HATs to the Pi, the Pi HATs. We had a problem that we didn't have enough pins for this so we had to be careful how we juggled the pin allocation. And then on the software side, on Ethereum, we developed a number of smart contracts and libraries. The contracts would hold the car state so whether the car was unlocked or not and the permissions that the car was using who would be allowed to access it at what time, for example. We have a contract that allows users to register on the system and register their key and then get an Ethereum address from that. And also we have the user history so that shows what that user has been doing who has been accessing their car, for example. Porsche wanted to record certain pieces of data. This is just a small set of what they would ideally like. And this is, I guess, fairly standard. It was the sort of thing you would expect. So location, speed, fuel level, mileage, also outside temperature. And obviously you need to know what the weather is, whether the driving conditions are going to need to change because of that. So this is the data that we took and would then be passed on to IPFS. And we have a nice little front end to show this data and again sadly it hasn't come out very well. The top part had a map that showed the route that the car was taking as it was driving that we collected from the data we had collected. The bottom graph is a chart showing the speed of the car versus the fuel level in the tank. So that was the basic project that we had but of course that was just the basic thing and since we have completed that project obviously we can then expand and build on that. So now we are looking along with our AI team at Distribution Machine Learning for autonomous driving. So if you are looking at autonomous driving this is often trained in very constrained environments so you do this in Silicon Valley or in a city where the roads are well defined and you have very nice road signs. But that is not the whole picture and if you want to then take your car to somewhere, say a rural setting or somewhere that has very badly bad roads your car will perhaps not perform so well. So our idea is that we will get the cars to train in whatever setting they are in and then because they are connected via a blockchain they can securely pass that training data around to each other and each car can then benefit from the experience of every other car in the network and that is what is happening on the data that every other car has gained. The second thing that we can build upon is integrating with third party systems so as you saw in the video we could collect packages from say DHL and have them delivered to your car but also we could work with insurance providers so they could be giving you a better insurance rate because they can see the driving data that has been collected for you except that you are a safer driver. So in summary I would just like to say this is a very exciting and interesting project of course initially because it is great fun hacking something like this beautiful car. Also I was very privileged to work with some very talented people so I am very grateful to all of those, this is some of our team. That is it, thank you for your attention if you would like to contact us we would love to hear from you in what you have heard about this project or you would like to talk to us generally about what we have been doing you can contact us as these addresses but also we have a couple of developers here in the audience you can come talk to me, I can talk to Jesse, our marketing manager at the end and finally thank you for your attention I have time for a couple of questions what is it? I think he was just asking for the limits that we were using on the private network so I think we just use the standard one from the Ethereum of the time so the 6 meg gas whatever. Thanks for the talk I was wondering do you need the cars to be online for the consensus to work? Okay so a very important point that I completely forgot to mention was the offline mode so of course this is going to be important for you if you go on vacation you go somewhere remote and you get out of your car you don't want your car to then be locked and unable to be accessed because you are no longer connected to the internet so we have an offline mode as well so the idea is the connection to the car from your device via Bluetooth which you will always be able to do and then the permissions that your car will use if possible it will go to the internet and download and get the latest permissions into the contract but if it can't connect to the internet it will just use the permissions that it had and then also we have a timeout so that if after a certain time it cannot connect and cannot get more permissions it will then not allow access to say third party people but it will always allow access to the owner so yeah there is definitely an offline mode so for the consensus itself that is part of the way the committee works it is probabilistic so we give a target size for the committee and then obviously if some of those are missing they won't be able to do proof of work but if you have a perception of large target size then that will be fine I think you were first why would you need proof of work at all because you have a predetermined list of white listed nodes in the network and so can you just set the difficulty to zero okay so the question is why do we need proof of work at all yeah so a couple reasons first why we need proof of work is very well understood mathematically you can reason about it it's a very good system from that point of view if we just use say the sortition and just worked out the committee we would still have to find one leader from that and so trying to get the committee size of one each time would be virtually impossible what you're saying perhaps that I think is would we do something more like proof of authority where we just white listed some nodes around robbing amongst those well we're not although we do have these white listed nodes we do not necessarily trust them it is possible there could be malicious behavior so we still want the option to be able to remove minus from that white list so it's possible there will be minus that will be removed from the list and we'll no longer be able to partake because there's been malicious behavior even though it's a private network we can still get the possibility of attacks from internal attacks so we still want to take account of that and this is already solved by the white list of nodes so it's really just to get a leader out of our committee that we do then the proof of work and then we can do it in a fair enough random fashion I think this goes next my question was really related to IPFS and I was wondering why decided to use that rather than a more traditional centralized database like for example if you had IPFS nodes running on the cars and also what challenges that poses once you want to query that data compared to other okay so yeah so why are we using IPFS we wanted a decentralized system and it's the IPFS and Ethereum pattern is one that is quite well established I think and quite like so we wanted to use that and the nodes on the cars well yeah so there we're still passing it back to IPFS nodes in the cloud at this point because we can have a large amount of data the problems that we have with that are probably around privacy so we have to be careful that we anonymize the data sufficiently and we have it sufficiently encrypted so other people cannot read this data two more questions yeah yeah one of these two whichever for the data privacy law requirements how do you work around the new right to forget data okay so this is obviously a big problem for blockchains where data is meant to be immutable so why we do that so if we're dealing with encryption and IPFS we can effectively decide to remove data from IPFS by allowing it to be garbage collected and then making sure it hasn't been pinned on any node but then because we have it encrypted and we can hold keys if we're using the key management that I was the re-encryption key management because we hold those keys we can also burn those keys so not only have we decided that the data has gone but we can also remove the encryption key for that data that's the best way we thought of yeah I think okay I think this guy was next no well I was wondering why you didn't choose to use an existing business portfolio of consensus mechanism like PBFT for example yeah so this really came out of the research that Life had done our founder had done originally so he had been looking at various PBFT systems and found that they just were not secure enough so he wanted the security of something like proof of work but then something that was much more energy efficient so that's why we took the combination of the two and he found that he could easily hack into into this and do malicious things and overcome them I mean yeah okay so thank you very much


When I was 17, I had a friend that cast some demon onto me. And within the month, I was having really suicidal thoughts. I was always afraid, I was always looking over my shoulder. I felt this presence and I was just scared. And it got to a point where I couldn't sleep through the night, every night I would wake up and I'd wake up with scratches on my back, like really deep scratches. I would get messed with at night, like pulled and sleep paralysis and maybe within the month from there, I had two heart attacks. So at the time, we didn't know there was any churches doing any kind of deliverance in the States. So he's like, going to Mexico. So he sent me to Mexico, but during the deliverance, I didn't manifest, but when it came out, I could see the shadow. And it was running like all over the house and picking up pets that were there. I picked up a bird and started shaking it, like trying to kill just whatever was there. Eventually it left and I've been fine ever since.


Welcome to All Hands Update, I'm Petty Officer Amara Timberlake with your headlines from Around the Fleet. The Navy has launched a video contest as part of Sexual Assault Awareness Month. The contest is designed to promote bystander intervention and advocate victim assistance and support. Submission should incorporate the Department of Defense and Navy's Sexual Assault Awareness Month themes. For more details, official contest rules and entry information visit sapper.navy.mil. Changes have been made to the rules regarding the transferability of post-911 GI Bill benefits. The most prevalent changes are to the amount of additional service obligations sailors are required to make, which will take effect August 1, 2013. For more information, visit npc.navy.mil, click on the career info tab, then education, then GI Bill. You can read more about these stories at navy.mil. From All Hands Update, thanks for watching.