Good afternoon everybody. All right. We're live That's right, we're here at the HDS event and They invited us and so we accepted to come and speak on stage and help launch the new VSP so we're talking off camera just Start set the conversation. So you live in Palo Alto and you live right around the corner from Steve Jobs You see him walking around the neighborhood a little bit He's a healthy everything's going good. Yeah, he looks great great coverage in the neighborhood with the iPhone I think it's safe to say that AT&T will make sure Steve Jobs He's probably saying why is everyone complaining about AT&T? I have no problem in my neighborhood Well, hey great to have you on obviously I'm really excited to talk to you right now about when Hitachi at a great event to your deal with the relationship there But we had a great time at the York show VMworld the cube was a centerpiece We had 60 guests on and now he had Todd Nielsen all your partners all the top executives and customers And we heard a lot of great conversations One of the things that Todd Nielsen was bragging about and talking about and I'd be talking about it, too Is he said that for every dollar license of the mware license? He throws off $15 in ecosystem revenue So of course that's going to attract a crowd So what's the update on that? Well, so and you know, it's actually What that is it's a testament to the fact that we are fundamentally a platform and we are a next-generation Platform that's ushering a new architecture if you will that combines the best of what we've done on the web as well as in private data centers and when you have a platform of such magnitude it has impact up and down the stack and That creates a lot of opportunity for the ecosystem because customers say you know what? This is a fundamentally new way of doing things a new way of architecting and delivering my IT and Therefore I'm going to rethink. I'm going to rethink the servers the storage the networking the security How I write my applications how the middleware behaves and and when you have people fundamentally rethinking things like that It creates opportunity up and down the stack and they're willing to to evaluate new vendors new approaches And I think what you're seeing is a testament And you know, this is not necessarily new if you go back last 30 40 years major new platforms that have come along have had a pretty significant ecosystem around them and What's really surprising is that one to $15 number about two three years ago was one to 11 which shows you The investments still pretty big number significant numbers. So let's talk about the VMware's culture. The VM world was a very How do I say this woodstock like environment? It was intoxicating people were just it was energy around Compare that to last week. We're at Oracle open world. Some were saying closed world Oracle's got a different vibe. I mean their clothes are saying this is the box. It's fully integrated I didn't see a lot of excitement and you you manage the Oracle relationship Do you did you one did you see the same thing and and how do you compare and contrast the two views between Oracle and say SAP or Hitachi and say, you know, someone who's got a close architecture, you know, I think it's it's a fundamentally different approach I think Oracle's message is they'll provide every layer of the stack They'll integrate it and they will be you know, the one stop that everybody goes to But I think and what we and you know vendors like SAP and Hitachi and others talk about is well We are going to be the best at our layer. We're going to do certain things extremely well We're going to do it in an open and pluggable way so that you can plug in pretty much any other vendor or technology That you like and I think what this speaks to it's it's two fundamentally different approaches and and you know It forces customers to go down to make that decision But what we find is a lot of customers will buy into a vision But they'll have different philosophies and how they want to implement it especially at different layers of the stack So that's why we think in the long run the open approach giving customers a lot of choice at different layers of the stack In terms of service providers private versus public hosting options I think giving customers a lot of those choices is a lot more attractive Yeah, and I think you know that for me, you know I'm old enough to remember the client server revolution and the PC revolution and you know a lot of companies made a lot of money I mean a lot of wealth was created during that whole you know PC kind of grew organically and people started networking together with Novel and you know and you had print servers and next you know like hey You know we should actually put this all together. We'll run the mini computer when that hey We'll run this SAP Oracle stuff on it boom Centres were born all these consulting firms were doing deployments and you know it transformed businesses We're seeing that same dynamic now. That's why I'm so focused on that ecosystem number because I Believe you guys were in a great position to be that next catalyst and I think that was what was so exciting about VMworld is that Actually with Maritz and say gelsinger at EMC and you know Tom George is at NetApps and among others here, you know we heard from you know here at CEO and Hitachi You have an ecosystem of big players Mm-hmm who would ignite consulting firms a new way of doing things. So the question is What is that new way and now see the framework and abstracting way the complexities, but for the folks out there deploying the consultants What's the mindset and what are they doing right now and for the folks who don't know what to do? What would you recommend? Yeah, well, I think I think The clear-cut observation is that the train has left the station in the sense that the vision that we've been outlining for the last Few years is something that customers have en masse Adopted and they're moving systematically, but surely to Implementing that in different ways and I think when you speak with systems integrators and the ecosystem You know they see the value and the power of that vision and they're also rallying around it Coming up with their solutions for their layer And helping customers kind of get that that destination point You know there's been some criticism folks out there saying, you know crapplications have heard that term much of times by some bloggers The reality is they are moving there and we talked about proof points at VM world Is there anything that you're saying the same? Hey, this is you know without a doubt the trains left the station But here are examples of bona fide Environments that that's a no-brainer to be virtualized on. Mm-hmm. So, you know, it's so We call it up the customer journey There are three phases we believe to the typical customer's journey to getting to a hundred percent virtualization to some of the benefits We talk about of cloud computing. You know the first step is they start implementing virtualization in test and dev environments Those are safe environments are not very demanding. The next is to go into what we call it production. So This is where you take your IT Resources file and print servers domain controllers Active directory DNS and you virtualize them and the third and final stage is what we call business production So this is where you take your business process applications your mission critical apps and start virtualizing them now With each successive generation of technology both the VMwares and our ecosystems Customers able are able to go through those phases with much more confidence So today for example, if you look at the performance of any application on VMware We can virtualize, you know just about any app and handle and show no difference compared to physical Now there are a lot of skeptics out there and they have to be you know taking to the lab and we demonstrate that to them But we've got customers running intense databases. We've got customers running SAP We even have a lot of customers running Oracle application database on VMware and he runs as well as if not better than Physical and on just to give you one proof point We just set a world record for database performance. So the previous record was set. I believe last September by Oracle rack We just set a record in conjunction with par Excel, which is an up-and-coming Column or database vendor. We went to the TPCH benchmark They came and did the audit and we set a world record for I for database performance But we also set a world record for cost performance So the previous record was something like five dollars or six dollars per query Including all the hardware and TCO our record was at something less than a dollar a query So that that takes that whole price performance kind of concept It says hey, you know we can blow it away and lower price, right?  So there's been you know good things Hey, you know there's obviously a lot of praise with VMware, but your business has changed Yeah, I've been some criticisms in the partner ecosystem around, you know, hey You know that they told me they're going to do this But you know you guys got to make a business and you're making changes What you know what Paul laid out at VMworld was this is what we're doing. It was a clear Communications and so as the Lions executive you got to communicate and that's a core part of your challenge Absolutely communicate to the folks out there about the ecosystem strategy. What are the safe zones? And because that's all they want to know you know one we're the growth areas Tell me what the growth areas are and where do I play and then also tell us we're not to play Well, you know fundamentally Let me let me lay all that out step by step the the philosophy You know as a starting point is that we want to be an open platform. So we will continue to Interoperate with as many vendors up and down the stack as possible So you know here I am at a Hitachi data systems event. No problem at all So we support all the hardware vendors all the software vendors equally Secondly we want to being an open platform means we're going to start opening up the platform So more API's more enablements So this morning one of the things that was mentioned is the vStorage API's and how they allow a storage array to Do a lot of core processing in the at the array level rather than at the virtual machine level and that makes the overall setup Much more efficient so we need to continue doing that now This is something we started just a few years ago So it's a relative we are relatively early in the cycle Maybe we're in the third inning of learning how to open up the platform and there are our Starts and stops. There's learnings along the way, but you're better down in the lower parts of the stack That's where your core competencies may be moving up. Exactly. So but that's the thing I tell the ecosystem is we are learning how to open up the platform open up to everybody You know not just a handful of vendors and we'll get better over time number one Number two is we certainly have a direction or roadmap and We are articulating and we're getting better at articulating where we're going and where the opportunities for the ecosystem If I could just explain a few of them, you know security as people move to the cloud They're very concerned about their data and the security of the overall system So there's a lot to do in that realm We announced a couple of products, but there's a lot more that can be done And we're in active discussions with a lot of security vendors about what those things look like Same thing goes with management. That's a tremendous opportunity as Environments get more complex as people move to a hundred percent of virtualization center We have v-center, but we've designed that to be an open framework So you can plug in your management product into that or you can plug into the v-center api's and extract information out About virtual machines and manage them through your pane of glass So, you know, it's pretty much trying to project your view of the world. You're saying hey Here's v-center right if someone comes up with a better mousetrap God bless God bless them and let the customer decide and the fact of the matter Is we have 200,000 customers and we hope to gain many many more and each of them will have different requirements and preferences Sometimes v-center is the answer. Sometimes it's something else. Sometimes it's a long-term view. I mean, that's right So let's take a little kind of like go back in history Microsoft final question I'm getting that getting the hook here final question Microsoft has always was great in the early days You knew if you were on their side everyone made a lot of money if you were an enemy They killed you so Not that vm was going to be that evil But you know an ecosystem you got to articulate the boundaries where shouldn't people play can you talk about that publicly or no comment Well, what I would say is, you know Fundamentally we're a very different company than Microsoft and we also live in a different era than when they really You know came to life in in the 90s and 80s We live an era where open source Is critical you have to support it you have to play in an open source way You know, we've made a lot of our stuff open source You have to You have to be open and to all there's a lot of standards out more transparent more transparency There's more vendors out there than there were in the 80s and 90s So I think we so I think it's apples and oranges number one Number two, I think we have to earn that trust of the ecosystem So we have to every day every quarter every year You know demonstrate that there's opportunities when you feel good about that right now Just kind of on a on a on a 10 being high satisfaction Where are you at in terms of your level of? Well, you know I the way I think what is our ecosystem is larger than ever before You know, we have something like 25,000 partnered worldwide dozens and dozens of new ones sign up The amount of investment the partners are making you know as you as an example at VMworld is tremendous So they continue to read the economic rewards of investing in VMware Investment areas going forward any new initiatives that you want to share with folks Well, I think you know the desktop is a tremendous area of growth You know we laid out our vision of end user computing rather than just desktop virtualization There's lots to be done in that space whether it's management or security or storage or networking There's lots of opportunity there You know, we also laid out our vision of the applications platform You know people want to write a whole new generation of applications call them cloud based apps Well, there's a lot of opportunity for the underlying applications platform And the other thing I would say for the ecosystem is the fact that the opportunity for them keeps growing So three years ago, you know for a dollar spent on vm where there was 11 dollars spent on the ecosystem Today that 11 dollars has become 15 So we are growing the opportunity for the ecosystem. We're here at the cube. I'm getting the hook I want to go all this this is a worthy segment for 30 minutes But uh, you're in Palo Alto. You can come to our cube. We can check in with you guys Absolutely really exciting area growing on the ecosystem side I think, you know, we called it vm where a hundred billion dollar market cap And we think they're going to be there in a few years So, uh, park Patel, thank you so much for coming on. We got to go to another guest. Thanks for stopping by Unannounced, but we love vmware partnering with hitachi data systems with their new Uh, big platform. So, uh, we're going to come back with David shepherd from iowan demand. Thank you park Okay We love vmware vmware is great


All right, so my name is Marika, and this is co-authored work with Brian Felt. Brian Felt is just an hour flight away at D.F. at Universidad in Medellin. Do we have a clicker? Yeah, there we go. Perfect. Thank you so much. All right, and we're going to go to the other side of the world to Indonesia for this paper. But otherwise, I think it actually follows very naturally on what we just saw presented. Across the world, and as I've learned over the last few days here in Colombia as well, there's considerable debate about migration, particularly the worries that migrants worsen labor market conditions at the destination, and that they increase crime and violence at the destination. The first one right here, that's a really large literature, especially so of migration into high-income countries, a little bit also across the world. The literature on the impact of immigration on crime is actually really small, and mostly focused again on high-income countries and on international migration. And if I summarize these papers, the overall story, broadly speaking, is that the effect of immigration on crime is really small, if at all. Some papers find no effect. Some papers find a small effect, and if they do, it's exclusively on economic crimes, not on violent crimes, but economic crimes. Okay, that said, that stands in stark contrast with the public debate around migration. I'm showing here, from a number of countries, people's agreement with the statement that migrants increase crime rates here on the vertical axis, and that migrants take jobs away from natives. And as you see here, it's a lot of variation between countries, but it's high in a lot of, in a lot of countries, very high numbers, very high worry about those issues across the world. So for this paper, we're gonna look at Indonesia, internal migration, which is quite different from the rest of the literature. Indonesia's a country with weaker institutions and higher crime rates, but also a very large informal sector that could potentially help absorb some of the displaced workers at the destination. Because we're talking about internal migration, so those moving within the borders of their country, big country, fourth largest country in the world, because of that, there's different kind of selection. You don't need a visa, you know, there's shorter distance kind of migration, so it's a bit of a different concept than we just talked about. So in this context, we use, we combine a couple of data sources, we get a really detailed, long-term panel of over 32,000 individuals on very detailed migration data, and we combine that with data from crime reports from over two million newspaper articles, local newspaper articles, as well as some survey data on crime. I'll say a lot more about the data very soon, but I also wanted to mention right away, many of you working on migration, migration is as endogenous of a choice as it gets. People choose to go at a particular time, they choose to go to a particular destination, so we wanna take that carefully into account when we try to establish a causal relationship, and we do so by following a previous paper of mine with Jeremy McRuder, whereby we instrument migrants out of an origin, migrants into a destination with weather shocks, rainfall shocks in our case, rainfall shocks in the origin areas, and that turns out quite strongly predicts who enters a destination. In this paper, that other paper is focused, indeed, on labor market impacts, and I wanna mention right away that we do indeed find some small but significant negative effects on the labor market of internal migration in Indonesia. A one percentage point increase in the share of migrants decreases income by almost a percent and employment by a 0.24 percentage point. So that made it indeed kind of mean that there's some displacement which may then spill over to crime and violence. Okay, so thinking a little bit right away about an empirical strategy, the underlying, the structural relationship that we're interested in is the one right here. We would like to regress crime rates at a destination at time T on a migrant variable, how many migrants there are at that location at the time together with some control and time and destination fixed effects. Clearly this regression, this simple OLS would be biased, right, like again people migrate to areas for certain reasons. The direction of the bias in this particular case is a little bit unknown. On the one hand you can imagine that migrants would avoid high crime areas, so they would go to areas where we have less crime, but you can also imagine that migrants just go to areas that tend to be urban areas and they have higher crime rates. So we extend T to bias on this OLS is a little bit unknown, but we gotta address it either way. So the way that we do that is by running this first stage relationship which is motivated by the earlier seminal work by Munshi that sort of, I think was the first one to combine these weather shocks in a migration literature. Case of Mexico-U.S., as I already alluded to the paper, here with Jeremy McRuder, that's the one that we follow exactly in this paper as well. So what does that mean? We, in the first stage relationship, we predict a migrant share using rainfall shocks at the origin. We do so with a bit of a lag, we try various lags but it turns out that they're sort of about a one year lag that's the best predictor on how long it takes for people to move. And then we take into account rainfall at the origin of all the origins that are part of this catchment area of a destination. So imagine that there's one destination and sort of historically, let's say there's two origins that feed migrants into that destination. And let's say that one of these origins is responsible for half of the migrants and the other one for just a quarter, then we would just weigh them disproportionately, a half, quarter, quarter. So it's fairly sort of similar in essence to like a shift share or a bar to kind of shock. So that's what we see explained here. And then the predicted migrant share we then use in our second stage to look at the effect on various crime variables as a destination and we cluster at the destination level. So that's briefly what we're doing. Couple of more identical identification issues to think about. There may of course be serial correlation in your weather variables. So you want to control for weather at the destination. And then as such, the identifying assumption comes down to the exclusion restrictions which states that if we control for weather at the destination, the only way that weather at those origins affects crime at the destination is through migrants going there. That would be the exclusion restriction. I have a couple of tests. I haven't actually seen a bonus site. I'd love to show more about these, but we actually feel quite comfortable about that. Exclusion restriction. We do need to know that of course we're talking about rainfall-induced migration. So that is the effect that we're estimating the effect of. These are clearly a local average treatment effect of those kinds of migrants. And also we're looking at short-term effects of them. Okay, a little bit about the data. We are using a data source that I've used for some of my other migration work as well. Very detailed migration data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey. It's been collected for over five waves now. And they're really known for very low attrition across waves. And that's really important as we study migration because those are precisely the ones who tend to retreat from a panel. So bringing it together for a period of 10 years, we create a longitudinal data set of over 32,000 individuals where we know from everybody where they are at each point in time, okay? We base it both on retrospective and current data on their location. And as such we define a migrant as somebody, we also have information on where they were born, and we then define a migrant as somebody who is in a place different from where they were born. This data set only picks up on moves that are at least six months in duration. So there's not really some of this seasonal or circular migration going on. That's not what we're picking up on here. And locations are defined at the sub-district level, Kachamatan, mostly internal migration. We will be collapsing everything up to the location level, including our crime data. So as such, for each destination year pair, we create a variable of the migrant share, which says how many migrants are there at that location in that year. So here is our data and the migration data is so very precise. This is for just one month with all the moves. Let me actually see if I can just click on this button here. Just click on it, yep. And then just okay. And that's actually my favorite way to show these data. So what you see right here is our data. This is exactly our migration data. Every line is a move. We see that the time going up here is a very long panel. Every line is a move from one person, I believe from the Ratu degree, but I'm not even sure, X, I should know that. Anyway, there's lots of moves. It's only about half of the moves presented here because for about half of the people we don't have their month of migration, but that's fine for us because we run everything at the annual level. But anyway, so that gives a bit of an idea of what the data look like. Yeah, let's go back to the slide, yep. So then let me show you a little bit about the, you should be able to just, yep. There you go. Let me then talk a little bit about the crime data. The crime data is coming from the National Violence Monitoring Survey that has collected data from over these two million newspaper articles. Really interesting, really detailed data. And we classify based on the description that they have about the crime, we classify them into 15 types of categories of the kind of crime that is taking place that we aggregate to economic crimes and more violently motivated crimes. Again, we aggregate everything to the district, to the sub-district year level and we define crime rates per 100,000 of the population. Okay, where did they did the last one? This is coming from University of Delaware, where again, we see the same map and we have little grids of about 50 by 50 kilometers that we're matching these folks to. So then a little bit of summary statistics. The top here is from the migration and rainfall data, you know, kind of what the folks who move around look like. And this is then coming, these are these crime rates. So the total crime is 14 per 100,000, which is a pretty high crime rate in the world. Economic crimes, violent crimes. And we also have detailed data on people being injured, assassinated, sexually assaulted or kidnapped in every one of these newspaper articles. So very detailed data. Okay, let's look at some of the results. The first result here that I'm showing is a simple association between various types of crime variables and how many migrants there are at that destination. This is not causal, this is just a simple correlation, the OLS, and as I already alluded to, it's kind of accentually unclear what it would, you know, how the bias would go, but we actually see that by and large the effects are positive, meaning that migrants tend to migrate to locations where there is higher crime to begin with. Okay, both total crime, economic violence, as well as some of these number of individuals injured. Again, this is not causal, so now let's use our instruments. The first column right here shows the first stage relationship of the number of migrants, or the percentage of migrants on our summed origin level rainfall term, our instrument, which is quite predictive as you can see in a negative way, meaning that if there's a bad rainfall shock, people are more likely to migrate away, a fairly high F stats, so this is the one that we use. We test with a couple of other lags, but we see that the one year lag is most predictive and we end up working with that one. The rest of these columns from two onwards, those are the second stage results, so that's where we use our instrument, and now that we see, unlike in the OLS, the only crime variable that still shows up are these economic crimes, okay? Meaning that there would be a 0.44 additional crime, actually 44, multiply by 44 additional crime per 100,000. To give you an idea, dividing these by the mean dependent variable, this is about a one percentage point increase in the number of migrants, which is about a six percent increase, leads to a 3.9 percent increase in economic crimes reported in newspapers. So a little bit higher than what we've seen in some of the high income country, literature, but not huge, and also importantly, nothing left on these violent crimes or some of these other indicators, and even not on total crime, okay? So, I have them split up, by the way, by various categories as well, in case there's interest later on. Then we wanted to think a little bit better, and I have to admit that this is a little bit more a preliminary result, but I thought I would present it just as a little bit of food for thought. We started thinking like, well, wait a minute, what are these newspapers really picking up on? And the main thing, and maybe some of you have been thinking about this already, could there be some kind of a bias? Some kind of a bias in what people choose to write about, and of course the main bias that we're curious about is could this bias be correlated with the share of migrants at the destination? Could it just be like, hey, I see all these migrants coming in, all these new people, and people sort of become more likely to write about those crimes? So, we said like, well, Indonesia's a data rich country. Let's combine our newspaper data with data from household surveys, the National Economic Survey, Susan Us, which is nationally representative, more than two million individuals over districts, and this is a very rich data set on the potential crime victim, because it's asking people whether or not they were a victim of a crime, and then if so, yeah, they ask, did you report that crime to the police? So, let's look at the results of these household survey data. It's a little bit different. If we simply ask people, this is already our second stage, it's already our causal estimate, if we ask people, were you a victim of crime, we see nothing. People are not more likely to say that they were a victim of a crime if we see more migrants coming in. This, of course, stands in stark contrast to a fairly sizable effect that we saw in these newspaper articles. Interestingly for us, there's one other variable that's not a lot of data, but there's one other variable in these data, which is did you report a crime to the police conditional on being a crime? Again, we see no effect on being a victim of crime, but we do see that people are way more likely to report that crime to the police after more migrants are coming in. Again, this is a causal effect of migrants coming in on IO crime victim, and migrants coming in, did you report it to the police? No more likely to be a crime victim, but much more likely to report it to the police. Again, it's a little bit of food for thought, we still wanna export this a little bit further, but I do think it's actually quite interesting, and it could potentially then importantly tie back into these newspaper reports, because if we're gonna report these things to the police, journalists may pick up on these things as well, and they become a lot more salient. So in conclusion, I'm thinking a little bit about that, we estimate the causal effect of internal migration on crime using these wetter shocks as instruments in Indonesia. Here's the effect that we found, one percentage point increase leads to a 3.9% increase of these economically motivated crimes in the newspaper articles, but no effect on reporting to be a victim of crime.  So that brings us sort of to my little bit of food for thought, the importance of really understanding your data sources, like what is everything picking up on, right? Like, could there be this kind of reporting bias in newspaper reporting? And again, could that be a function of the number of migrants at the destination? Becomes a lot more salient. And if it does, tying back to my initial motivation, may actually see that the initial discrepancy that I mentioned in these public opinions on the one hand and the very small negative impacts that we find empirically, well, maybe what's going on is that, sure, there's actually a small impact, but we do see them much more likely to be reported. And guess what? That's how people feel, right? These articles, these newspaper, that's what you read. That's the salience of, hey, there's all these migrants around. Oh, there's all these crimes being committed. So maybe a lot of what's going on here is just really the salience about these newspaper articles and the potential for migrants causing crime and violence to increase at the destination. All right, thank you very much. Looking forward to your comments.


Thank you for clicking this video. I assure you you have not made the worst mistake of your life. This video explains the definitions of Communism and Socialism, the ways they are similar and the ways they are different. And it discusses the controversy about their definitions, because people just can't seem to agree on what these things mean. Socialism and Communism are terms that create a lot of confusion. Different people define these words in very different ways. To give you just a little idea of how complicated things are, the 1924 book Dictionary of Socialism contains 40 definitions of Socialism. It might seem like the best way to find the truth is to find out the definition that is used by Socialists. But that's part of the problem. Even the people who call themselves Socialists don't agree on how to define Socialism. Even Socialists have multiple definitions of Socialism. Well damn, now we're really in a pickle. But don't worry, this video is a pickle destroyer. It will make sense of the confusion, explain the competing definitions, and clarify what these terms actually mean. And if you'd like to check my sources, I've put them in the video description. Part 1, Defining Communism Let's say you ask a random person to define Communism. We'll call this random person Norm. You say to Norm, Norm, what is Communism? Well that's obvious, says Norm. Communism is a society with a centrally planned economy that's controlled by the state, and a state that's controlled by a dictatorship of a single political party. And also, Communist regimes don't allow most civil liberties and are quick to silence and punish those who express dissent and opposition. Alright, thank you Norm for explaining to us what the average random person on the street thinks. But what if you ask a Communist to define Communism? You will get a very different answer. If you want the Communist definition of Communism, one of the best descriptions comes not from a Communist, but from Star Trek, the next generation. Economics or the future is somewhat different. You see, money doesn't exist in the 24th century. No money. You mean you don't get paid? The acquisition of wealth is no longer the driving force in our lives. We work to better ourselves and the rest of humanity. There it is folks, proof that Star Trek is Communist propaganda. Communists define Communism as a society that is stateless, moneyless, and classless, where everyone owns the means of production and workers control production. This idea of Communism is extremely different from the system that existed in the Soviet Union and in other countries governed by a Communist Party. In other words, it's extremely different from Norm's definition of Communism. Most people think of Communism as the highly authoritarian society, but Communists define Communism as exactly the opposite. A free society with no state apparatus, no authoritarian control. A society of freedom. Well, that's strange.  How can it be that the way Communists define Communism is so very, very different from how most people define it? I'll explain why soon, but first let's explain the meaning of each aspect of the Communist definition of Communism, starting with the term stateless. Stateless means there is no state. People often use the word state as a synonym for government, and it's not necessarily wrong to do this, but there is some distinction. The state is the set of institutions that enables government to rule by force. It enables a small fraction of the population to rule over society with the power of armies, police, and prisons to force the population into submission. In other words, the state is that which enables the few to rule over the many. In the Communist definition of Communism, this no longer exists. Instead of people being ruled by a state, people govern themselves. Everyone is free to participate in making decisions on issues that affect them, and no group is given the power to force others to obey its will. Not too long ago I was having a conversation with someone about all this shit, and they said to me, I don't think Communism is necessarily stateless because anarcho-communists and libertarian communists are anti-state, so if Communism is always stateless, then anarcho-communism and libertarian communism would be redundant, right? Well, I'll tell you what I told this person. All Communists agree that Communism is stateless, but anarcho-communists and libertarian communists believe the process of creating Communism must be done without a state, while other types of Communists believe the state is needed as a tool for creating Communism. In other words, some Communists think the state will help us create Communism, but others don't. They think it will actually hurt the process of trying to create Communism. Okay, so I hope that made sense. Now let's look at the next feature of Communism. Communism is moneyless. Moneyless means there is no such thing as money. No money also means no profit motive and no market economy. Goods and services are no longer sold for financial gain. Instead, goods and services are distributed based on people's needs, as the slogan goes, to each according to their needs. And the word needs is defined more broadly than just the things you need to survive. It includes things you need for a high quality of life, what you need to survive and to thrive. When Communism is fully developed, all products and services are free, and people work without being paid. People work because they want to. All work becomes voluntary. The next feature of Communism is that it is classless. The word classless has more than one meaning, and one of those meanings has nothing to do with Communism. Classless can be an insult. That means the opposite of classy. As in, your mama's so classless, she could be a communist utopia. That joke is old and overused. Kind of like your mama. And if I'm being honest, kind of like me. But classless, as it applies to Communism, means that there are no economic classes. For thousands of years, humanity has been divided into separate classes, with a minority ruling class that enriches itself off the work of the majority laboring class.  All of these are class divisions, and eliminating class means eliminating these divisions, so that humanity is no longer divided between exploiters and exploited. Next feature of Communism, everyone owns the means of production. So, what are the means of production? They're everything we use to produce goods and services, and also distribute them. Factories, mines, farms, power plants, railroads, natural resources, and so on.  In Communism, the means of production belong to everyone, which also means they're owned by no one. This is very important, because this is what makes it possible for Communism to be classless. Another feature of Communism is that workers control production. In other words, workers control their own work, and are not under anyone's command. No capitalist bosses, no government bosses, no bosses period. Workers are liberated from command and coercion. So that is a very basic definition of Communism, as it is defined by Communists. Now let's review and summarize both definitions. On the one hand, most people define Communism as a society where one single party controls the state, and the state controls the economy. And on the other hand, Communists define Communism as a society where the state does not exist, class does not exist, money does not exist, private or exclusive ownership of the means of production does not exist because the means of production belong to everyone, and command and coercion over workers does not exist, where workers are free and liberated from that shit. Just look at how extremely different these two definitions are. The most obvious difference is the state. In one definition, the state has supreme control. But in the other definition of Communism, the state has no control because the state does not exist. So how did this happen? How did such radically different definitions come into existence? To answer that, we need to investigate the origins of where each definition comes from. Let's start with a definition of Communism that Communists use. Where does it come from? It comes from the writing and ideas of Communist political philosophers since about the 1840s, with the most influential and well-known among them being Karl Marx. Who looks like this?  Marx was extremely influential in determining the definition of Communism, but other political philosophers had an influence too, like Peter Kropotkin. I mentioned Kropotkin for two reasons. First, and also foremost, because his beard is equally as good as Marx's beard. No question. And also because he's probably the best known anarchist Communist of the 19th century, and anarchist Communism is a branch within the Communist movement that is distinct from Marxism. Anarchists and Marxists have some big disagreements, but they agree on how to define Communism. Here are some quotes from both Marx and Kropotkin, which show you that they both defined Communism as a stateless, classless, moneyless society with common ownership of the means of production. If you want to read it, just go ahead and press pause, and I promise to be here when you get back.  Hello again. See, I told you I'd still be here. So, Communists get their definition of Communism from the writing of Communist philosophers. Makes sense. But what about the definition of Communism that most people use? One party government, state-controlled economy. Why does anyone think this is Communism? Explain your self-norm. Well, it's because it describes the system that existed in countries where the Communist Party was in power, like in the Soviet Union. So it's understandable why a system that has existed in places ruled by a Communist Party would determine how people define Communism. But hold on a minute. If Communists defined Communism as stateless, then why did Communist parties around the world create societies where the state exists and has so much power and control? If Communism is classless and moneyless, then why did Communist parties create societies with classes and money and inequality? Why did they create societies where bosses command and workers obey when Communism is supposed to bring that to an end? Now here's where things get interesting. The leaders of these Communist parties will be the first to admit that the systems they implemented in their countries are not Communism. Lenin and Stalin, for example, were very clear that the Soviet Union was not Communist. And likewise, the Communist Party of China does not call China Communist. The Communist Party of Cuba does not call Cuba Communist. No Communist Party in the world calls the country it governs Communist. Well, that seems weird. Communist parties creating a system that is not Communist? What's going on? If you asked this question to Lenin or Stalin or Mao or Castro, they would tell you. We call ourselves the Communist Party because Communism is our goal, but reaching that goal takes a long time. Our countries are not yet ready for Communism, and our job as rulers of these countries is to create the societal conditions that will eventually make Communism possible. And we believe the way to do that is to take supreme control of the state and then use that state power to mold and shape society in ways that move us towards that goal. The system we created in our countries is not Communism, but it's a system we believe will lead us down the path to eventually create Communism. Now, not all Communists see it this way. There are other Communists, such as Anarchist Communists, Libertarian Communists, Council Communists, and Libertarian Marxists who roll their eyes at this and say, huh, you Communist parties will never create Communism because by having a totalitarian dictatorship or even just by having a state, you sabotage any hope of creating Communism. The leaders of Communist parties have enormous power and privileges, so they have no interest in creating Communism because creating Communism would mean losing their power and privilege. These leaders promise to create Communism someday in the far-off future, but they lie, just like all politicians lie. So as you can see, there are different types of Communists and these different types of Communists disagree about how to create Communism. But Communists agree on the final goal they are working towards. They agree on what Communism is, a stateless, classless, moneyless society, workers are free from command and coercion, and the means of production belong to everyone. This is the true definition of Communism. The other definition, which defines Communism as dictatorship and a state-run economy, is based on the assumption that if a country is governed by a Communist party, then it must have a Communist system. But this assumption is false and Communists agree that these countries are not Communist and never were. Alright, now it's time for Part 2, Defining Socialism Among people who identify as Socialist, there is no agreement on what Socialism means.  But hey, let's give this hard thing a try. Some Socialists say that Socialism is a transitional phase between Capitalism and Communism. And then another subset of those Socialists say that Socialism is nothing more than this transitional phase and that what the economic system is like during that transition is irrelevant to the definition. I'll discuss this view in my next video, but for now, let's focus on defining Socialism as an economic system. At the start of this video, I mentioned the 1924 book of Socialism, which lists 40 definitions of Socialism.  Thankfully, a professor of politics at Staffordshire University named Peter Lamb has already bored himself by going through all 40 definitions of Socialism and finding the common features. He's already done the work for us. So thank you, Professor Lamb for your sacrifice. He's a sacrificial lamb, you might say, if you were desperately reaching for a joke, which I would never do, of course. So, what common features did Professor Lamb discover in these 40 definitions of Socialism? Professor Lamb writes, Second, there was a general view that the solution to these problems was in some form of collective control, with the degree of control varying among the proponents of Socialism over the means of production, distribution, and exchange. Third, there was agreement that the outcomes of this collective control should be a society that provided social equality and justice, economic protection, and a generally more satisfying life for most people. Okay, so these three features can be summarized in one sentence. Socialism seeks to overcome the harmful effects of Capitalism by bringing the economy under collective control for the collective good. So there you go, a definition of Socialism based on common features found in 40 definitions of Socialism. But let's check out a few more definitions, just to be sure. This one comes from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Socialism can be defined as a type of society in which, at minimum, the bulk of the means of production is under Social Democratic Control. Just a reminder, the means of production are the factories, natural resources, warehouses, and all the other means that we use to produce and distribute the goods and services that we consume. Next, let's turn to Marxist Economist.  Blodzimiers... Bruce? Blodzim... Blodzim... Blodzim... Blodzim... Blodzimiers... Bruce? Who says?  Like, five times. And don't even buy it dinner? Rot. Sorry, that's not the quote I was looking for. Um... In the very definition of a socialist economic system, the basic characteristic of such a system is generally reckoned to be the predominance of the social ownership of the means of production. And here's a definition from the academic book Readers' Guide to the Social Sciences. Just as private ownership defines capitalism, social ownership defines socialism. And now, a definition from Democratic Socialism, a global survey, written by Donald F. Buske and published by Prager. Not that Prager. This Prager, an academic publishing company, perhaps founded by Dennis Prager's non-evil twin. Let's hear the definition. Socialism may be defined as movements for social ownership and control of the economy. It is this idea that it's the common element found in the many forms of socialism. So, my dear viewer, we've identified the main feature of socialism. The means of production are socially owned and socially controlled. And there's another feature which appears in definitions of socialism and that is workers' control of production. We can see this in the definition found in the book Readers' Guide to the Social Sciences. It says, And we find this feature again in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Socialism, unlike capitalism, requires that the bulk of the means of production workers used to yield goods and services be under the effective control of workers themselves, rather than in the hands of the members of a different capitalist class under whose direction they must toil. All right, now we've identified two features of socialism. Socialism, unlike capitalism, requires that the bulk now we've identified two features of socialism. One, the means of production are socially owned and controlled. Two, workers' self-managed production. No capitalist bosses, no state bosses. When you encounter definitions of socialism, feature number one is almost always mentioned. Feature number two is not. It comes up pretty often, but in many cases it's forgotten, neglected, left out. Oh, feature number two. Why are you so relatable? The reason the second feature appears less often is because it's actually an interpretation of the first feature. Since the first feature mentions that the means of production are socially controlled, this raises the question of what this means in practice. One way to interpret this is that the workers control production. In other words, feature number one is interpreted in a way that gives us feature number two. But as we will soon see, feature number one can be interpreted. Part three, ambiguity and different interpretations. Okay, so we're now equipped with the information we need to come up with a basic, broad definition of socialism. Socialism is a society where the means of production and the economy in general are socially owned and socially controlled for the common good of everyone. All right, sounds great, but there's a problem.  This uncertainty has led to different interpretations and different definitions of socialism. And oh boy, there are quite a few. Quite a few. So, what is meant by social ownership of the means of production? Some socialists say it means ownership by the state. Other socialists say the means of production should be divided into workers' cooperatives with each business owned by the people who work there. And some socialists say the means of production should be owned by everyone with no private ownership and no state ownership. And what is meant by social control of the means of production? Some socialists say this means that workers control production. Other socialists say the state or government controls production. Then there are socialists who say that workers control production but do so indirectly by democratically electing managers. Some socialists say that both workers and the state should share control of production. And there's another point of disagreement. How much of the means of production must be socially owned in order for a society to qualify as socialist? Some socialists say all of it must be socially owned. Other socialists say that most of it but not all of it must be socially owned. And some socialists say that only some of it must be socially owned. Public services, major industries and utilities, but that's it. The different answers to these questions lead to yet more disagreements. Can socialism be a market economy? Can production be driven by the profit motive? Some socialists say no, absolutely not. That's not socialism, it's capitalism. Other socialists say yes, socialism can and should be a profit driven market economy. And some socialists say it's okay to have a market and production for profit but these need to be subordinated to economic planning. And socialists also disagree about class and the state. Will class exploitation continue to exist in socialism? What about the state? Some socialists say no, socialism is both classless and stateless. Other socialists say yes, socialism has an exploiting class and the state. And some socialists say that socialism has no exploiting classes but it does have a state. As you can see, there's a lot of exploiting in quite a few definitions of socialism. This brings us back to the question of how socialism and communism are similar and how they're different. Communism is stateless, classless and moneyless. The means of production belong to everyone and workers control production. According to some socialists, all these things that are true of communism are also true of socialism. According to other socialists, socialism has some but not all of these features. And according to other other socialists, socialism has none of these features. Amazing. In other words, because socialists and communists disagree on how to define socialism, they also disagree on what the similarities and differences are between communism and socialism. So the answer to the question of what's the difference between communism and socialism is that there really is no definite answer because it all depends on how you define socialism. It may interest you to know that Karl Marx didn't make any distinction between socialism and communism. Over the course of his life, he used these two words interchangeably to describe the same thing. A stateless, classless, moneyless society. There are some leftists who say that the difference between socialism and communism is that socialism is a society that is in transition from capitalism to communism. Or in other words, communism is the goal and socialism is the journey. The first known person to make this differentiation between socialism and communism was a Russian socialist named Vladimir Lenin, the man who became the first head of state of the Soviet Union. Not all socialists or communists agree with Lenin that socialism should be defined in this way. And those who do agree are usually people whose political views are highly influenced by Lenin. And this brings us to a related point. Each definition of socialism is aligned with a different socialist political philosophy. For example, Orthodox Marxist Leninists say that a socialist economy is planned by the state. But market socialists, as you can tell by the name, say that socialism should be a market economy. While libertarian socialists say no to both, libertarian socialists say that socialism should not be controlled by the state or by markets. Then there are libertarian market socialists who are a subtype of libertarian socialists and also a subtype of market socialists. But while most libertarian socialists are opposed to the market, libertarian market socialists are pro-market. And while most market socialists think the state should exist and play some role in the economy, libertarian market socialists are anti-state.  And then there are other types of socialists that I haven't even mentioned. So yeah, it gets a bit complicated. I'd like to dive into this complicated mess and go over each major definition of socialism, so that we can have a clear understanding of what each one means. But I also don't want to make this video too long. So if you want to dive into this complicated mess with me, you'll have to join me next time in the next video which will come out next week. In the meantime, I have another video you might like about how both a socialist system and a communist system could work in practice. In systems like these, how can we make sure that the work that needs doing gets done? How can we avoid over-consumption? How can goods be produced and distributed with no market, no central planning, no state planning and even no money? I discuss all of this and more in my video, Post Capitalism. A detailed look at how it could work, which you can watch by finding the link down below in the video description. And now, I have an announcement. Hi, I'm Lucky Black Cat. You may remember me from such films as Conquest of Head and Friends of Darudy or Friends of Your Booty. Since 2019, I've been making YouTube videos and never asked for a single gosh darn penny. But now, I finally started a... Patreon! Are you tired of not knowing what to do with your money? Setting it on fire or giving it to a financial dominatrix doesn't satisfy you like it once did? Well, have I gotten news for you? Patreon! Do you not love capitalism? Want videos more often? Want them to be better quality?  I haven't showered in five days. It's all possible with your support. These are my only friends.  If you rather give a one-time donation, you can through PayPal or Ko-fi. Links to everything in the video description.


and welcome to the show. It's me, JP, and you and I are right here at JP's product pick of the week right here on Tuesday. Thanks for joining me.  I didn't drop in my new new new movie video file so we'll be doing that. But first, before we get to that little administrative detail, I will tell you, you can head on over to that URL or QR code to get a huge, huge deep discount on not one, not three, but two product picks of the week. It is a combo bundle sort of deal and you're gonna get a great discount on both of those items. So head on over there and while you do that, let's see, I don't think I have a good way to, yeah, this is just gonna be messy for a second as I get rid of a video file, so ignore this. Ignore this. It's finally here, another cutie pie. Ignore that, that's gone. And now I'm gonna drop in a different file so I'm gonna visually disappear for a moment while I grab that, but you probably still can hear me so that's good. And we will have a look at what Lamor thinks of this new product pick. Here it is. I'm just gonna do a little get that all ready for you. This is a Zippy A&O rotary encoder, which is like, okay, let's be honest, it's basically a knockoff of the original iPod Classic scroll wheel, like the mechanical scroll wheel, not the capacitive touch one. This is the original luxurious clicky scroll wheel version, which eventually I think people, like they got crumbs in it or something, I don't know. So they stopped making it these capacitive touch now. But at the time, this was amazing. So this is a rotary encoder. No, go back to. This way, this way, this way. Yeah, so this rotary encoder, the center part with the little mini divots, I think it's like a 24, each divot is a little click. It's a, you can feel the clicky rotary encoderness. It's got your standard two pin rotary encoder output and then it's got the center button up, down, left, right. This is actually a little bit like that NAF switch we were showing earlier, but this has got a rotary encoder in the center as well. Only thing about it, really annoying.  It's, you know, you can solder wires to them. The pads are quite large, but if you want to make it easier on you, you could grab our breakout board. And when you solder this to the breakout board, it makes it so easy to use because it gives you a line of headers with point one inch spacing. So I just kind of did that work for you and you see, it's all like, and you're golden. It's a pair. It's a pair, it's a pair. So it's very luxurious. Show on the overhead. Yeah. This is the- You want to make your own Nomad MP3 player? This is how you do it. Yeah, basically. It's a little. You want to make your own zoom? I like it. Can I click it? Yeah, why don't you click it? And then I see. Ooh, yeah. Yeah. Got a winner there. Yeah, so, yeah. As I rotate it, you can see the LED moving around. And it does make a little tactile click sound. Up, center, left, right, down. Comes in a classic Adafruit black. In this case, I'm just plugging it right in and onto a feather. The buttons are of course just normally open. Buttons that, you know, just use them as any GPIO inputs. And the rotary encoder, you'll need to use the rotary encoder for your mic controller because it uses the two pins in a kind of a gray code style thingy to know which way they were turned. But it is just a normal rotary encoder beyond that. So another nice navigation switch. This is. Yeah, and that's gonna loop. So, very cool. Let me go ahead and grab mine and then we can do a demo. So right here, if I open up the little jewelry case, we have the switch itself. I'm gonna go ahead and peel off the protective coating and look below. There's the breakout board. So let's introduce these properly. My product picks of the week this week are the Zippy A&O navigational scroll wheel rotary encoder and breakout board. So these act just like the click wheel on an original iPod, I think up to generation three and then it got all capacitive and boring, but these are clicky clicky. You can hear them clicking. It's got center button up down, left, right and the scroll wheel rotary encoder. When you pair it up with this, I'll go ahead and let me show you how those go together there. Get this out of the way. There are two pins up at the top. Once you've matched those, you've got the rest. You may need to do a little bit of straightening of the pins before it'll go in. These look pretty straight. And then once you pop those in, you go ahead and flip it over and solder that. There you go. It is now mounted. And then you can wire this or attach some header pins to these to get access to all of the buttons and the two rotary encoders as well as some common ground wires. And then decide how you're gonna plug that in. It can go into a breadboard really neatly. You can actually get directly into the side of a feather, the top side of a feather by pulling a couple of pins down to act as a ground. And once you've got that mounted, then you can code that in Arduino or Circuit Python to read the rotary encoder, read all five of those buttons. So what I wanna do is show you a real live demo. First of all, what I've got here is, show that off right there, this is the rotary encoder on its breakout board. And then I have soldered a TA, an Itzy Bitsy. This is a Itzy Bitsy RP2040 onto it. I just had to make one little accommodation. There's a pin there on the Itzy Bitsy that's five volt that cannot be turned into a normal input. I think I think it might be an output only. So I did a little bodge over there to pin for on the side. But other than that, it's a really neat, almost perfect size. And that means we have a little plug and play encoder wheel. So the demo that I've set up for this, I'm gonna go ahead and unlock my iPhone. And I'm gonna, I'll show you where this comes from, but this is called ipod.js. And this is a web app that acts just like an old iPod. And you can run that on your phone or on a browser, on your computer. I'm gonna go ahead and adjust my focus here. So you can see this a little better. Close, pretty close, that's good. And now you'll see I can use the click wheel plugged into the iPhone using a little over OTG dongle there, the camera kit dongle. And now I can go and choose, let's say cover flow. I can go through some album art here. If we scroll back from MF Doom to Bartlebytes there, that won't get us in trouble. I can click on that. Let me fix this focus. Hold on. There we go, that's much better. So now I can click through, pick a song, hit play. And all I'm doing with this, let me go ahead and pause that, is using the controller as a USB HID device. So I'm sending right arrows, left arrows up, down, escape, enter, those types of things. I think the space bar is the enter on here. So once you've figured out what codes you need, you've got a really neat interface that allows you to replicate the functions of a click wheel on a click wheel instead of this virtual stuff. Like sure, yeah, that's convenient because it's already in your pocket, but this, this is actually fun. That's actual fun right there. I love that. We can go back a couple, choose some other settings in here that you can't really play games on there. As far as I know, pick your music through other means such as albums and then go scrolling through all your albums. So this is just one use that you can use this for. It's also excellent as a Neopixel controller, as Lady Aida showed, as a MIDI controller, as other types of USB HID. And that is a really straightforward use of this lovely little rotary navigation encoder breakout. Now the, if I jump over, and I'm gonna just check the chat, make sure everything's good. Oh, tiny turntable controller. Yeah, that's a good one, Todd. Over on Discord, Todd said we should use this as a little, you can do it, chomp, chomp, chomp. Little record scratch. Has to be high-pitched like that. So if you head back over to the Adafruit site there and check it out, we've got the directional navigation scroll rotary encoder for half price right here. That's product ID 5001. And then if we jump over to 5221, just a mere 220 items later, you have the breakout board for half price. So 75 cents, pick up a few. You can pick up up to 10 of these if you have big project goals. These would be great for doing all kinds of navigation things. If you take a look down here in the main guide, go ahead and click this primary guide, you'll get the pinout and information for setting this up, soldering it together, using it in CircuitPython, Python or Arduino. And just so I can show you that website, this is tannerv, T-A-N-N-E-R-V, dot com slash iPod. Really cool virtual iPod. You can see here, I can use my cursor to go and change that, but way more fun with the rotary encoder scroll wheel. Let's see, what else did I want to mention? Let me check over on the YouTube. Brian Logan says that would make a great smart home physical controller. Oh, Connor McArthur, this would be fun to add to a custom keyboard. What a great idea. If you're doing your own PCB maybe, or even just the shell, if you add on a little shell to like a macro pad or a keyboard, it'd be really cool to have a nice little rotary encoder wheel. Really great navigation method. If we take a look at the code for this, I can jump over to another view. This is my code in Circuit Python. And what I'm doing here is the main things are importing rotary IO and digital IO so I can read the encoder as well as read buttons, which is what those five nav switches in the center act like. And then I'm also using HID keyboard and key code. I also experimented with using the encoder wheel as a mouse scroll wheel. It works great. So if you just want to scroll web pages, in fact, there's a really great guide. Let me show it here from, I can find that page. Liz, but city DIY in the learn system. Let me go back up to learn. And let's do scroll. Doom, scroll, and chill, a wireless BLE scroll wheel remote. So she has a couple of use cases here and it's on a NRF 52 840 to get the Bluetooth. So this is used both for controlling a game of doom, as well as some video navigation for watching YouTube videos, that type of thing. So going back to the code here that I have for my little iPod. I am setting up the encoder on pins 13 and 12. This is specific to the itsy bitsy. And then the rest of these are pins I'm using for setting up all these debouncer switches for the buttons on pin 10, nine, seven, had to skip five, four, and I'm using the SCL pin. Then setting a couple of these as sort of a fake ground, 11 and SDA.  So an enter, an escape, left arrow, space, and right arrow. And the scroll wheel itself, you can see here I'm sending either a down arrow or an up arrow, depending on the direction that the encoder wheel is going, and then checking for key presses. So it's pretty straightforward, pretty simple code. You could adapt that to any list of things that you want those buttons to mean. Pretty good for things like video control if you want like a jog wheel to adjust sort of frame by frame some edit points on video editing or music editing, sound editing. Really great for that kind of stuff. So let's see, I think that about covers it. Let me know if you have other ideas, thoughts, questions. See Groves says let's replace all the touchscreens with real switches and controls. Things would get bulky. I don't know if we have pockets big enough. All right, so I think that's gonna do it for today. Let me go ahead and grab this one, which I didn't solder back together yet, but I will go ahead and attach a little hang tag to that. And oh, yeah, look, it's my board of goodies. That's the product pick of the week. It is the ANO Rotary Encoder Scroll Wheel with navigation buttons and Breakout PCB dual product picks of the week. That's gonna do it for today. Thank you everyone so much for stopping by. I will be hanging out in the chat a little bit throughout the day. Let me know if you have any thoughts, questions. Hopefully if you wanted some, you went and grabbed them on half off right over here on our, there's the URL for those products, 5001 and 5221. You don't need any coupon code or anything like that. Just put them in your cart, hit buy and you'll get them at that price. Thank you everyone and I will see you next time. Bye bye.


Hello, my name is Phyllis Himmel. I am the current president of Suroptimist International of Davis. Our club serves Davis and Yellow County as part of a worldwide service organization. Our active group of business and professional women is focused on improving the lives of women and girls in the community and the world. We raise money for local charities through our beer and wine booth at the Davis Farmers Market and at our annual Texas Hold'em event. We help nonprofits provide services to those in need and offer grants to encourage education and volunteerism. Our members host birthday parties for foster children and provide aid to emancipated foster youths. To learn more about Suroptimist, explore our website sidavis.org, come to one of our Wednesday lunches at the Davis Odd Fellows Hall, or visit our beer and wine booth at the Davis Farmers Market during the picnic in the park. Thank you.


$200 a day with affiliate marketing. No product needed. Hey, have you wanted to do affiliate marketing? You've heard about it. It sounds really cool. Sounds like something you'd like to do. You know you don't have to have products to do it. Well, in this video, I'm gonna talk about affiliate marketing, tell you how you can do it and make $200 a day or much, much more. And I also wanna share with you a story about how I got involved with affiliate marketing and we're starting right now. Hey, I'm JR Fisher. Welcome to my channel or your channel.  It's designed to help you make money online. Any questions you have about making money online, we covered on this channel. I've been selling online since 2009. I've sold millions of dollars of both digital and physical products. And on this channel, I actually share with you the things I do that works. And I also tell you the things that doesn't work and save you a lot of time, money and hassle. So let's jump right into this thing. What is affiliate marketing? It's a great way to make money, but let's do some definitions here first and then I'm gonna give you the map to get in there and making some money. Okay, so affiliate marketing, basically, the broad definition of it is it's one of the oldest marketing practices ever. And basically all it is is you send a company, a customer, a lead, some business and you get paid for doing that. That's basically all affiliate marketing is. All you need to do is sign up for an affiliate program. Now, the simplest one that most people do is Amazon. I do Amazon, you'll find in the description below, there's a bunch of links to Amazon down there.  So that's one of the simplest ones. But there's a lot more out there. And I wanna talk about some of the different terms first off, the first one is PPC, okay? PPC is pay per click. And basically how this works is as you send traffic to an offer, okay? It can be an offer for survival food, which we have. It can be an offer for shoes or radios or whatever it is. When you send a click there, you have a line of code that's attributed to you. And every time you send a lead there, pay per click, you get paid. Every time somebody clicks, it goes to that location, you're gonna get paid. The next one is PPS. PPS is pay per sale. Now I have an association with share sale and I have affiliates there. And when they send me traffic and somebody actually buys one of my products on my survival food site, they in turn get paid a commission. And that's called pay per sale. The next one is called PPL or pay per lead. So what happens there is somebody, an affiliate, will get paid based on them sending me traffic and me getting their contact information, a name and email, something along those lines or name, email, phone number, depending on what I require for that affiliate program. Once that affiliate sends somebody to me and I get the contact information, they automatically get paid. Now what's really cool about affiliate marketing, it can really kind of be in a passive income source. Now there's really no thing such as passive income. You have to do something initially.  But bottom line is you can be making money when you're on vacation, when you're asleep. Once you set up a traffic source, whether it be an ad or your blog or a website, and you're sending traffic to an affiliate offer, you get paid while you're sleeping, while you're eating, while you're on vacation. So it's a pretty cool thing. Now the first thing I'm gonna tell you is be patient, be patient, it doesn't happen overnight.  You might, but I don't think you will. You've gotta send good reliable traffic to an offer. And if you send good reliable traffic to an offer, it will convert as long as the offer is good and you'll start making money. And I know a lot of people out there think, well, I'm just gonna send a lot of traffic to a whole bunch of different offers and that's how I wanna make money. I wouldn't do that. And in the beginning, I would pick some of the best offers you can find and concentrate on sending them a lot of traffic. It's a better way to go about it than to kinda spin your wheels and send it out there to a whole bunch of different offers. You don't even know if they're any good or not. Next thing I'll tell you is to use multiple traffic sources, okay? Some people say, well, I have a blog and my blog gets a lot of traffic and I know that'll be great. That's good. But why not add Facebook? Why not add YouTube videos? Why not add paid ads? In other words, the more traffic you can drive to something, the better off you are. What you're gonna find is some of these traffic sources are gonna be better than others. So maybe you've been writing a blog and spending 20 hours a week on this blog and it does generate traffic and you can get clicks to an affiliate offer, but maybe you run an ad and it takes you an hour and a half to set up the ad and you get 10 times the amount of traffic, okay?  Sure, you're gonna spend a little bit of money, but maybe that source will be better for you or maybe you have a great social media following and you could start posting affiliate offers there. You could be an influencer about this particular product. Now you need to attract targeted traffic and there's several ways you can do that. I just mentioned a couple of them, but you can do article marketing. So you could be writing articles in a particular niche or subject and you could have links in there that go to that affiliate offer. You could also do email marketing. Maybe you have a list that's already built up of people who are interested in a particular niche. You could put those offers in your emails. You could also do the paid advertising, which I mentioned, and you could do free advertising, which of course is social media.  So if you don't have that, you may wanna try one of these alternatives. Now this is the important part, real important right here, test, measure, and track. Test, measure, and track. When I say test, is you wanna try a whole bunch of different things. Don't try one thing and say, well that didn't work. All you've done, if you try one thing and say it doesn't work, is you've knocked out the one thing that doesn't work, but there is something that does work, okay? Keep in mind, this is a big industry. It's not like people aren't making money at it. They are making money at it, and you can too, but you've gotta try different things. Once you get a few things that work, then it's time to measure, okay? You wanna look at which one of those sources is doing the best for you, and maybe get rid of one of the other sources and go to the source that's doing the best. And then of course you wanna track it, because whatever you're doing, whether it's a blog, whether it's an ad, whether it's social media post, they come and go, okay? Some things work for a while, then they stop working, you're gonna have to switch to something else. It is gonna be ongoing work. However, you can earn passive income once you set up the things that do work. Now we'll warn you, you want to look for product demand, okay? If there's not a big product demand for what you're doing, you can't make but so much money. Like right now we're in the middle of a pandemic, and we sell survival food, and I have tons of people that wanna be affiliates. You know, I put our product up on share sale, and I had like 50, 60 people within two days that wanted to be affiliates. Why? Because it's a high demand product right now, and they know they can make a lot of money. Now you gotta stay on top of the market too. The stuff changes, I'm telling you it changes.  Okay, don't just try something to try it, but you do have to stay on top of stuff. So many new companies have come out, so much new software has come out, that you can use some of these things to promote these affiliate offers. The next thing I'll tell you is select the right advertiser. You could buy a banner on the site for $20, and the problem with that is that site may not have any traffic whatsoever.  And I know they cost more, but they're also gonna get you more results. So you have to consider that. Now, there's a lot of tools out there you can use, okay? You need these tools to make your campaigns efficient. Why? Because other people are using them. And if they're using them and you're not, you will get left behind. So I wanted to look at some of those real quick. One of the ones that I like get inspired by topics is BuzzSumo. You wanna check out BuzzSumo and Feedly. Feedly are also very, very good. For social media, you wanna check out things like Buffer. And you wanna use, in social media, shortened links. You wanna use something like Bitly. I use Bitly and Bitly links are great because they're free, they don't cost you anything. If you wanna have cool things, like cool gifts and all that, you wanna look at Unsplash and you also wanna look at Gift Maker. Okay, both of those things are great sources for making those. For monetization, you can use Google AdSense, you can use VigLink, you can use Flipa, you can use Share Asale. There's so many of the other ones out there for you to choose from. But make sure you check them out. Okay, so I told you I wanna share my story with you and how I got involved in it. And I didn't know what affiliate marketing was in the beginning. And when I started my survival food company, I had this survival food, I had a website and nobody was coming to it, nobody was buying anything. Okay, and this is like back in 2010. And I used to sit in my office and I'd look at all these other websites that had so much traffic. And I thought, wow, if I had 100,000 or a million people coming to my website a month, I'd make a lot of money. That'd be really cool, but I didn't. Okay, I tried SEO, I couldn't get my pages to rank on the first page, which is generally what you have to do. And then a little light bulb went off one day and I thought, what if my products were on these sites that got all this traffic? What if I put my products on those sites and I paid those people a commission, they didn't have to buy the product and I could just ship it out to the customer when they sold it. So I contacted a bunch of them and most of them told me no, I will say at the beginning, but after a while I got a few and I got a few more and a few more. And quite honestly for the past 10 years it's made me a lot of money, millions of dollars in sales because my products are on a lot of sites. If you want to check that out, you can search Survival Cave Food and you'll see millions of hits and just tons of websites where my products are located at. So that may be a lot of money. And then I realized there's other things out there. I got involved with ClickBank. And ClickBank is a great source and I came out with courses and I put some of my courses on ClickBank, started selling courses there. I now have in this video, you can look below affiliate links for products that I use, the lighting in here, the cameras and stuff like that. That's all below in my description. You can click those links and I make a little bit of money on it. So please do that. Also, I want to tell you, you know, if you're trying to get involved in this stuff I have a $97 course that's absolutely free. All you have to do is click the link below, grab my course, $97 course. It's free, no credit card, just click and learn. So check that out. Also, don't forget, if you haven't subscribed yet, hit that big subscribe button right there, grab it, hit it. And then what do you do? You ring the bell, you ring the bell and you turn on all bell notification so that you're notified every single time I do one of these new videos. You're part of the Fisher family. You're part of the VIP group that gets notified before anybody else. That's pretty cool stuff, isn't it? Now, if you've got a comment about affiliate marketing or anything having to do with making money online, put your comment below. If you've got questions, put those questions below. I love getting your questions. I love getting your comments. Don't forget, give me a thumbs up or a thumbs down if you didn't like it. Either one, but give me some reaction, something there to let me know that you're alive. Okay, you, if you participate, the chances are you're gonna be a lot more successful than if you don't. You wanna be successful, participate. Thanks for watching this video. I'll see you in the next one. Hey, thanks for watching my video. Don't forget to subscribe to my channel and click that little bell right here so you can be notified every time I do a new video. Also, click on one of those videos there. Keep watching on my channel.


Starting a business on your own can be quite challenging because all of the decisions lie with you. You become so focused on your work and sometimes the balance just slightly rocks in the wrong direction. As entrepreneurs, a lot of people come from similar backgrounds and a lot of people have similar concerns when they start their business. I didn't have any experience and I really hardly had any money to start it up so I was just thinking out of the box and seeing what was out there. The Business 9p Centre in London is really the start of a national rollout of business 9p centres throughout England. What we're doing is we're empowering people, giving them the knowledge that they need to make the right decisions. We've got one of the largest business and information collections in the entire UK with experienced staff on hand to help our customers use these resources. The Centre actually proves that the library is not only for academics but also for business people and provides very high quality resources to help entrepreneurs. We've got keynote reports, mental reports which will enable them to do market research. We offer workshops, we offer one-to-one advice sessions. One that we attended and that was really useful was the one with the IP lawyer. We went there and learned how to protect our images and footage. People have come back and offered to speak at some of our events because they want to share the experience that they've had in the centre with other people. The most useful programme for me was the Innovating for Growth programme which is designed to support owners of small businesses develop and grow their businesses and step outside of them and really look at them from a commercial and strategic perspective. It's always a fantastic experience to meet other entrepreneurs, share information, share doubt and success. It is the most phenomenal programme and it's helped me strip down my business which is what I really wanted to do. If you're not sure where to begin or just need someone to talk to about your idea, the BIPC is a great place to start.


Hi, and welcome to the session. I am Shashi. Let us do one question. Question is, show that matrix A is equal to 0, 1, minus 1, minus 1, 0, 1, 1, minus 1, 0 is a skew symmetric matrix. First of all, let us understand a square matrix A is said to be skew symmetric matrix if A transpose is equal to minus A. Or we can say transpose of A is equal to negative of A. This is the key idea to solve the given question. Let us now start with the solution. We are given A is equal to matrix 0, 1, minus 1, minus 1, 0, 1, 1, minus 1, 0. First of all, let us find out A transpose by interchanging the rows and columns of A. So, we get A transpose equal to 0, 1, minus 1, minus 1, 0, 1, 1, minus 1, 0. We can also write A transpose equal to minus 0, 1, minus 1, minus 1, 0, 1, 1, minus 1, 0. We can see this matrix is exactly same as matrix A. So, we can write A transpose is equal to minus A. Now, since A transpose is equal to minus A, so given matrix A is our skew symmetric matrix. Hence proved this completes the session. Hope you understood the session. Take care and goodbye.


Hei, ynghylch. A'i gofyn o'r gweithio. Cyngor nhw'n amlwg y gallu gwneud o ddod. Cyngor, rydych chi chi'n gwneud. Felly, sydd, cwmaint, cyntaf, a'n dweud. Felly, gyda'r meddwl i'r cwrs i ddod i'r wneud o'r ffordd honno. Felly, i'r ddod i'r ddod i'r ddod, i'r ddod i'r ddod i'r ddod i ddod. If you are interested in one-on-one coaching, you can email me at narksvivercoaching.com. Check out the new merchandise in the Narksviver store. We have new designs in our t-shirts, tank tops and mugs. The link to the Narksviver store is in the video description. How do narcissists react to this information? The videos on this channel as well as many others are helping survivors of narcissistic abuse. They are providing you with further knowledge and understanding of what you have been through. But what happens when a narcissist discovers this information? How do they react to it? Many narcissists will be indifferent to this information. They won't have any particular interest in the information or any sympathy for the victims. They live in their own world where they believe that they know everything and they are the experts at everything. They may not have any knowledge of human behaviour or have the mental capacity to understand it. But regardless of this, they still believe that they know everything and they are always right. They have an exaggerated sense of their own abilities or importance. These types of narcissists who are indifferent to this information are not going to take the time to understand it. They are going to do anything else in their lives rather than trying to develop an awareness or an understanding of what is going on. Some narcissists will be in denial. They have limited or no self-awareness so they cannot see these traits within themselves. They cannot identify that their behaviour is inappropriate even if they do have some level of self-awareness. They will invent justifications to feel as though they are right in how they feel or act. By doing this, they remain in denial and end up normalising their behaviour. Some narcissists will experience delusional thinking. As a defence mechanism, they hold these peculiar beliefs or impressions that are contradicted by reality or rational argument. They often create their own observations or connections which are not based on any facts or logic. It's just something that they want to believe in their minds. It validates them, makes the situation seem more favourable to them, so they use it as a coping mechanism. Anyone with a certain level of knowledge or experience in narcissism will quickly identify that their observations or connections are not based on reality. They are only used to help them cope and to justify their inappropriate behaviour. Some narcissists will find this information and then project it on everyone around them rather than reflecting and seeing these traits within themselves. Although it is likely that they may also have narcissists around them as well, some narcissists will actually be curious about this information. They are not going to use it to help anyone but instead they will use it to improve their knowledge and obtain narcissistic supply from being perceived as being intelligent. They may also use this information to be more efficient and effective at their manipulation. They might identify that we are on to some of the tactics that they use and then they will make the necessary modifications to remain undetected. Narcissists may act as though they don't have any weaknesses or vulnerabilities and as though they are stronger than you, but this is actually to compensate for how fearful and insecure they feel. If they discover one of these videos on my channel or one of the others, they will immediately feel exposed. They will feel shame, threatened as though someone is attacking them. Their feelings of shame will then cause a narcissistic injury followed by anger or rage. They may then project and say that survivors of narcissistic abuse are too sensitive, hyper reactive or that they are the real narcissists as I have seen some in comment on one of my videos. They may recognise survivors of narcissistic abuse being sensitive or hyper reactive which is understandable and completely normal because of their association with the trauma, but they cannot recognise that they are also easily triggered and act on that out of control emotions. They are just trying to justify their inappropriate behaviour, normalise it and then shift the blame onto the real victims. When a narcissist views this information, they are likely to react aggressively. This aggression could be directed to the creator of the video, the viewers or even someone who has nothing to do with the information. Someone who just happens to be there at that time. They might leave comments disputing the information in the video without an adequate explanation or comments that have nothing to do with the information that is presented in the video. They might make personal attacks or threats to the creator of the video or in a reply to one of the comments. This is designed to intimidate you. It might be something they do once or they might continue to come back. They continue to come back and they continue to feel threatened and exposed by the information that I am presenting in these videos. It really makes no logical sense. If you don't like these videos, why do you keep coming back to them? Why do you keep coming back to them just to feel threatened by them? And then you want to intimidate the viewers who do find some level of validation or fulfilment from these videos. Why can't you just leave them to watch these videos and get the information that they are looking for? Instead of hating on me or them without an adequate explanation or any constructive criticism. The reason why you keep coming back to these videos, the reason why you keep hating on me or hating on the viewers really has nothing to do with any of us. You feel threatened by the information I am sharing on this channel and it has created some level of fear or uncertainty within you. But instead of coming back and identifying why it makes you feel a certain way and then making the necessary changes within yourself. You want to take it out on me or the viewers who are trying to use this information to improve their lives. These videos are not meant for you. They were not designed to appeal to your interests or benefit you in any way. You keep coming back because they have created a certain feeling within you. Which you feel that you cannot regulate or resolve without coming back to the source. But you are not going to regulate or resolve anything by coming on you and attacking people. You are just obsessed with these videos because they are not playing out in the way that you would like. And you feel the need to punish people on you because you feel wronged or disrespected by the information that I am giving out in these videos. You feel as though I am challenging your sense of power and control. If you don't like the way a video makes you feel, that's probably a sign that you need to leave it alone. Those of you who do find some level of validation or fulfilment in these videos. Continue to watch the videos and share your thoughts in the comments. These videos help to give you further knowledge and understanding of your situation. It is healing for you to communicate with other survivors. I hope that this video will resonate with you and I will have more videos coming very soon. Thank you for watching. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. Click the bell icon to receive notifications for my future videos. If you would like to donate, my PayPal link is in the video description. Coach the inquiries, you can email me at NarxFiverrCoaching at gmail.com. Check out the new merchandise in the NarxFiverr store where you can purchase your own NarxFiverr t-shirt, tank top or mug. The link is in the video description. Thank you for watching and I will talk to you soon.