This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. At the back of the North Wind by George McDonald. Chapter 38. At the back of the North Wind. I did not see Diamond for a week or so after this, and then he told me what I have now told you. I should have been astonished at his being able even to report such conversations, as he said he had had with the North Wind, had I not known already, that some children are profound in metaphysics. But if fear crosses me, lest by telling so much about my friend, I should lead people to mistake him for one of those consequential, frigish little monsters who are always trying to say clever things, and looking to see whether people appreciate them. When a child like that dies, instead of having a silly book written about him, he should be stuffed like one of those awful big-headed fishes you see in museums. But Diamond never troubled his head about what people thought of him. He never set up for knowing better than others. The wisest things he said came out when he wanted one to help him with some difficulty he was in. He was not even offended with Nanny and Jim for calling him a silly. He supposed there was something in it, though he could not quite understand what. I suspect, however, that the other name they gave him, God's baby, had some share in reconciling him to it. Happily for me, I was as much interested in metaphysics as Diamond himself, and therefore, while he recounted his conversations with North Wind, I did not find myself at all in a strange sea, although certainly I could not always feel the bottom, being indeed convinced that the bottom was miles away. Could it be all dreaming, do you think, sir? he asked anxiously. I dare not say, Diamond, I answered, but at least there is one thing you may be sure of, that there is a still better love than that of the wonderful being you call North Wind. Even if she be a dream, the dream of such a beautiful creature could not come to you by chance. Yes, I know, returned Diamond, I know. Then he was silent, but I confess, appeared more thoughtful than satisfied. The next time I saw him, he looked paler than usual. Have you seen your friend again, I asked him. Yes, he answered solemnly. Did she take you out with her? No, she did not speak to me. I woke all at once, as I generally do when I am going to see her, and there she was against the door into the big room, sitting just as I saw her sit on her own doorstep, as white as snow and her eyes as blue as the heart of an iceberg. She looked at me, but never moved or spoke. Weren't you afraid, I asked? No, why should I have been, he answered. I only felt a little cold. Did she stay long? I don't know, I fell asleep again. I think I have been rather cold ever since, though, he added, with a smile. I did not quite like this, but I said nothing. Four days after, I called again at the mound. I made who opened the door looked grave, but I suspected nothing. When I reached the drawing room, I saw Mrs. Raymond had been crying. Haven't you heard, she said, seeing my questioning looks? I've heard nothing, I answered. This morning we found our dear little diamond lying on the floor of the big attic room, just outside his own door, fast asleep as we thought. But when we took him up, we did not think he was asleep. We saw that—here the kind-hearted lady broke out crying afresh. May I go and see him? I asked. Yes, she sobbed. You know your way to the top of the tower. I walked up the winding stair and entered his room. A lovely figure, as white and almost as clear as alabaster, was lying on the bed. I saw at once how it was. They thought he was dead. I knew that he had gone to the back of the North Wind. End of Chapter 38 End of At the Back of the North Wind by George MacDonald


Something's broken. You just got paid for a service. You're not at all familiar with. So you start adding a bunch of people from different teams to a conference line, trying to find someone who can help, slowly getting more frustrated and resentful, and then it's total chaos. Everyone's talking over each other, yelling. Hours have gone by and you still don't have a solution. Does any of this sound familiar? Whenever you experience a major incident like this, that is an unplanned service outage that actively affects your customer's ability to use your product, it's important to have an organized approach for fastest resolution. Now some operationally mature companies may have a formalized incident response process that's basically a runbook for how to behave during an outage, and incident commander is a formalized role in that process. They're responsible for leading the response and act as the final decision maker. Now whether or not you have a formalized process, it's pretty common to think the person best suited to lead during a major incident would be your senior technical leadership. The problem is this isn't scalable. If your CTO needs to respond to every major incident, they're going to burn out. I'm here to tell you you can scale your incident response process by welcoming non-technical people to serve as incident commanders. I'm going to share with you the inclusive incident response training that taught me, a project manager type, how to be an incident commander. So first you need to specifically define the role of incident commander. The important distinction is the incident commander is not responsible for finding the solution. The ICs should not be doing any investigation or mitigation tasks themselves. Their role is to coordinate the responders, keeping communication flowing and delegating all tasks. This eliminates the need for your incident commander to be highly technical. So then you need to demystify what really happens during a major incident. So at PagerDuty we host regular incident commander office hours to welcome non-technical people, to explain the role emphasizing the importance of communication skills for this role, much more than technical skills. Now after you've hooked a perspective IC that understands the need and expectations for their help, put them on a schedule to shadow the current ICs. This will give them a feel for what it's like to be on call, building that empathy, and make clear when they get paged they should join the call to follow along, but they need to remain a silent observer to avoid distracting from their response. But then make yourself available after resolution to answer any questions they might have. Now after a trainee is listened in to a few calls, invite them to start helping as a scribe. So scribe is another formalized role in an incident response process. They're responsible for keeping a real-time log of everything that happens during the incident. This is really helpful to analyze for the post-mortem. So scribing is a really low risk to start helping. Writing down everything that happens really cements your knowledge of the process and builds confidence. So next phase in training is you want to set up your trainee to reverse shadow. So at pager duty we always have both a primary and a secondary incident commander on call. And when they get paged both join the call. The point here is the incident commander always has a deputy to support them however is needed. So to set a trainee up to reverse shadow you really just put them on the main schedule because when they get paged they're going to have that backup there with them. And the backup should send tips and reminders to the trainee in the background to help them maintain control of the response while building credibility among the responders. And then that's it. The trainee has successfully led an incident response. They're now a fully fledged incident commander. Celebrate them. They're having a direct impact on the health of your services the happiness of your customers while distributing on call load internally. So here's a summary of that training process that you can take to your org. First to describe the incident commander role remember they're not a resolver. Host regular office hours to welcome people into the process. Have them observe silently as a shadow. Maybe start helping as a scribe keeping that real time long. And finally reverse shadow with the support of a backup IC. Now DevOps is all about building empathy and breaking down functional silos for ultimately better and faster outcomes. I think we should expand that collaborative mission beyond just development and operation teams across the entire company so technical and non-technical people can help each other succeed. Come find me if you want to talk about incident response or how to welcome non-technical people into the DevOps community. That's it. Thanks for listening.


Good afternoon everybody, um, yeah, I think I'm coming through. I don't see any Wild gestures that things are not being recorded. So please everybody who's joining our webinar this afternoon Want to wish you a warm welcome to yet another Crayodious cloud ferro webinar Today I am going a bit back to basics Yeah, I've been asked if I could just do a more general talk about Earth observation data So I will go a bit through the Yeah, some observators observation Yeah, have principles fundamentals and I will in the end highlight some some example use cases that Yeah from from our Crayodious platform how we use this at Earth observation data sets. So I'm warning you. I'm really not going too much into detail. I just want to keep it general For people who are just starting with Earth observation are just generally interested in the data to get to know a bit more about What is data? Is what you can do with it and and so on And so don't pin me down on too many technical details in the questions I can answer a lot hopefully but but yeah This is this talk is not intended to to really go into the nifty grifty technical details with satellite data Now, let me quickly switch to my presentation That I will have to do like Boom boom share screen And I will Share my PowerPoint which should be coming up now I think so and let me go to the beginning first. Yeah, so Let me start with a agenda for today so I would like to talk a bit about Yeah, the general print introduction into the Earth observation principles as I mentioned before Then I would like to spend some time on the Sentinel missions at the moment There's four operational Sentinel missions And I would like to go through each of them because they are forming the backbone of the data sets on the Korea's platform And yeah, they are very popular and used in many application fields like agriculture as you can see the image on the bottom right and Yeah, then I would like to highlight the older data sets that we have a bit less in a bit more general as well And then I would like to showcase three use case examples First relating to air pollution monitoring From the Sentinel 5p mission then send for cap software Send for cap stands for Sentinels 4 and a common agricultural policy. So it's a agriculture Agricultural monitoring which is a Software is using Sentinel 1 Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 data for that I will talk a bit about that and then I would like to finish off with showing some VHR very high resolution imagery that we have Available through the platform as well so Let me go into the introduction into the Earth observation principles. Let me start at the beginning Earth observation sensors are The sensors bounded on platforms and they all work to a specific They all work in some part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be Optical and the optical domain so optical and atmospheric sensors as well They usually are operating in the visual near-infrared and short-wave infrared domains So that's if you look at the spectrum image on the top Top right is pretty much in the middle Visible spectrum and a little bit to the left of it in the infrared domain So infrared is also that domain where the TV remotes work And then with the SARS SARS stands for synthetic aperture radar Radar is a longer wavelength and they yeah They they are just to the left of the infrared and domain So these the way the wavelengths in which radar satellites operate is between a few centimeters up to let's say one meter of Wavelength, so they are They are yeah, also part of the part of the electromagnetic spectrum are just a different wavelength and yeah The waves the radar waves of different Properties and different effects on the yeah on on on the Return signal to the satellites, which I will highlight later Then one very important aspect to keep in mind is that Earth observation sensors can be passive, which means that they're only receiving Electromagnetic radiation, so that's Optical sensors it's like a photo camera basically you don't send well You don't you don't send a signal To a camera on your phone or in a photo photo camera It's just Capturing the light that has been sent by the Sun and is reflected on a surface and Back to the sensor in the case of satellites and the sensors on board the satellites And or sensors can be active, which means that they're both emitting and receiving Information or the radiation And this is the case for a synthetic aperture radar. They send the radar pulse from the satellite all the way down to the surface of the earth this Signal is then in some way Reflected back to the the sensor part of it, of course, you can imagine that not all this and the signal is Is reflected back I have to say scattered back officially In microwave we talk about back scattering and not reflecting so much And that signal is then received by the Sensor on board the satellite and recorded and from that a radar image is is built But it's also very important to keep in mind is that Yeah, the Electromagnetic spectrum is not all transmitted Equally through the atmosphere you can see on the bottom right graph the blue areas are the Transmittal windows as you would call that which shows you that on the left The scale is the other way around and the top image. So the further to the right you go the longer the wavelengths are That's the visible in the visible domain, there's quite a quite a decent transmission of about 1.0.5 and This this is there's a very big gap in the middle In the far and extreme infrared where there's no signal attenuated by the atmosphere at all and in the far right It's where we and where we in the microwave domain. There's a very good transmittal transmission of electromagnetic waves, which is the the microwave domain Which is this is also very important to keep in mind that yeah, we're really operating in Areas where actually signal can be transmitted through the atmosphere. Otherwise, there's no point and to And to to have a sensor all the way up there Then I would like to highlight a bit what yeah, but kind of earth operation satellites Do we have I mean it's a huge range and they're launching loads and loads last Sunday. There was a A record launch of a hundred and forty three satellites from one rocket They were mostly nano and very small satellites from small smaller companies and Building cheaper satellites and launching them in in bigger amounts But you can yeah, but it tells you that there's a there's there's a lot of earth observation satellites up there at the moment Yeah, earth observation satellites can be targeted to specific application domains That can be meteorology is very obvious. There's meteorological satellites atmospheric Satellites satellites that measure the composition of the atmosphere for example, but they can also be focusing on urban Studies agriculture environmental geosciences. You name it Then we have the different sensor types on satellites that can be up as I mentioned already before you have optical the main the main And yeah, the main categories here are the optical and near infrared sensors Then you have the star which is the radar satellites and others. They're also experimenting now more with well with Satellites with lasers to perform altimetry And so there's this there's a lot of different sensor types Yeah, space resolution is a very important Category of all criteria and it can be low Which can be a few kilometers by few kilometers for each grid cell size that that the sensor can measure it's mostly for the meteorological satellites have a lower resolution and Then it can be higher and to very high and very high is usually a spatial resolution of less than one meter There's quite a few Satellites now up there that can measure less than one meter or let's say two meters Then high is in the domains of 10 to 20 to 50 meter square grid cell size, which is the Spatial resolution that the Sentinel Sentinel one and two missions operate in mostly Yeah, then very important categories. Well, it's a spectral resolution. How many bands does a satellite have? In the optical domain, this is very important How wide is the band for each band on what is what's the spectral domain in which each band can measure? How sense sensitive sensitive is the sensor? I mean the Spectral resolution is a very important aspect of a satellite. It's not all about spatial resolution A lot of people think that the higher the spatial resolution the better the data, but that's not necessarily true Then a revisited time is also very important category for Distinction between Earth observation satellites Some satellites they cover a very wide swath a very wide path in one go So they cover the entire globe in one day Whereas some others have a very narrow swath and they need a lot more time to revisit the same spot on the globe again and So they can be in the order of weeks Or yeah, I mean the old Landsat has a revisited time of about 16 days, which is nowadays quite low Yeah, and the size the size I mean the size of the satellite they can be big small or nano nano We think it's less than 10 by 10 centimeters Smallest, yeah, it's a bit bigger and bigger is yeah This is all a bit relative to these categories, but the size can definitely Yeah, it can be very variable Yeah, then Constellation that that that also is a distinction you can have a single satellite You can have like a double what that you often see with radar satellites now that they fly by basically in tandem There's a well-known tandem X-Mate mission, which is two radar satellites flying just off behind each other and they In this configuration they can do some very interesting Measurements on the topography for example, or you can have a swarm or constellation nowadays with these nanosatellites There's a few companies that build very small satellites and they launch them Yeah, by the dozens in one go So then yeah, they there's lots of them and then yeah the ownership That's that's that's one distinction. I would say with ownership or maybe I could also name this data availability or accessibility and there's a lot of commercial providers that Provide data that you have to pay for and there's also quite a few public providers now well known as the Landsat missions from NASA and the USDS in America and of course our central missions From the Copernicus program in Europe. This is all public data freely available Can be reproduced can be used without any limitations So yeah, I've talked a lot about satellites and what what's now the ideals EO satellites. I mean Yeah, if if somebody would want to design a satellite doesn't know anything about satellites, but what would he or she And and there wouldn't be any limitations in what what technical capabilities would be and what would they want They probably would want a very high spatial resolution Very wide swath width. So that's the area covered in one acquisition They basically the width of the angle in which it looks a very good radiometric Quality very much cloud-free data. So no clouds because clouds are usually disruptive very cheap data to replace or multiply Or they're not the data. I mean here that the satellite And the data should be very free. Well, does this satellite exist? No, it doesn't because Every satellite is a trade-off between technical capabilities different user requirements and available budget, etc. Etc. So that's a have this image on the right with a number of different satellites both commercial and public And publicly available the satellite or not the satellite but data from Satellites that either record publicly available or commercial data And they look very different, but they have all different capabilities and they usually focus on one or more of these categories for example, the Maxar worldview in some in the middle right that's a Satellite from a commercial provider, which offers very high resolution data on less than half a meter. I think I believe But it doesn't come for free and yeah, it can only cover a very small area in the world in one go Whereas for example, the ETA Sentinel 1a can cover a very wide swath in one day So every satellite is different and all really focusing on different needs And so yeah, but but usually the best way for what I always say When you want to do an earth observation study, don't stare Focus on one data source only try to combine it from different sensors and try to Do you to use the advantages of each data set? So you will get a better end result um Then oh, there's a lot of text here, but there's a few things I still would like to do to mention and because a lot of people often ask me about these things So you have a satellite. That's that has recorded data What there's what what are the only different types of data doing and what are these? abbreviations acronyms meaning so there's a few few things to really keep in mind. There's there's there's more and there's more data Criteria and then then I have on this slide, but these I think are the most important one so, um the satellite the earth observation data does Yeah, one of the one of the most important one is In terms of data set this is in what acquisition mode of the on the satellite was this data acquired for for example, here you have the sentinel one IW EW and SM SM acquisition modes they all stand for different ways to operate the satellite Sentinel one is quite a quite a yeah, it can it can be switched to different settings to satellite for example over oceans they usually record data in the EW which is the extra white swath mode And over land is more the IW which is the interferometric white swath mode. So which is narrower than the EW mode But then you also have the SM mode, which is the strip map mode, which is a very narrow resolution So these are the the acquisition mode is a very important parameter when it comes to the data types and Yeah, and also focus on what what you need. You can select which data type you want to focus on Um, then the product or processing level. Um, yeah, that's a very important one. Um Because it's really yeah, it really depends on your needs To what level you want to what level you want to start with if you're interested in, um, yeah in Getting the most Most advanced parameters from satellite data. You're really researching what what what kind of data what kind of Yeah Information you can get from satellite is probably more useful to start at the lower level If you're interested in just getting a nice image of how for example Yeah, a field is growing overseas and you can probably start with a higher level higher level data And that has already been pre-processed to that level where you can easily compare different images from different dates, for example So level zero is very raw data. Not many people use it. Uh, I mean is and and also nasa They pre-processed their satellite their landslide and sentinel data straight to level one Um, because yeah, it's it. Otherwise, it's it's very difficult to get started with. Um Yeah, level level one is is the level that you often get from the the providers. Um, so it has been time reference and geo referenced um And in sensor units level two is often Is a level that a lot of people want to use So often these steps from level one to level two is quite a quite a tricky one But you can see also on cryodias we we we provide now a number of processors that that process the Imagery that comes from the the data archives to level two from level one to level two straight away So users can easily start working with their level two data So for example in optical data, this level one to level two, that means it's an atmospheric correction, for example Or for sentinel one the radar data is often like a terrain correction and a calibration Uh of the of the of the data So you can uh, but the basic you see level two means that you can compare one image with another And you can assume that that they will be comparable that there's no errors due to our atmospheric Effects or due to terrain effects that that that that might make the comparison invalid Um, yeah level three and level four. They are higher levels that that are often They're derived from from from a workflow or from processing workflows after this And that and those those variables are often the results the really the the the final results of of models That that can be used in for example further analogies Yeah, um Then a question and I often get as well, which is a product type. What does a product type mean? Well, basically what it means that products from one sensor they can be processed into different product types Uh serving different user requirements. That's that's that's a bit vague, but uh, what it means that data in the same processing level can be processed to uh Yeah, uh to to different types of data for a very good example is the sentinel one s lc and g rd distinction s lc stands for a simple single look complex. So that's the the radar signal split into The component for phase and intensity or power I should say Um Which can be used this this type of data can be used for analysis into interferometric studies So basically comparing one radar image with another and looking at how the phase has changed Which can be used for example for mapping of elevation mapping of of subsidence of terrain um But yeah, often users don't need to do that or they're interested in other things and for that you have the the g rd data Which is it's the same processing level, but it's it's just processed to a different level It's a bit more user friendly already And and we're not looking into phase and and intensity parameters anymore, but just at uh, yeah back scatter units already so that's um It yeah, I mean I can talk a lot about this but there's a lot of information on the web Also, if you look at the link below, there's there's the user guides for all the different sentinel data sets Uh, I would really recommend to to read more. It's a very clear website and they explain it pretty well Um, then yeah, the data principles. We're going to the next category, which is the relative orbit Um Which is very important for sentinel one, especially for the interferometric studies, uh, that yeah satellite fly with a number number of relative in a system of relative orbits And these are basically fixed over pass rooms over the globe So there's about I think 200 relative orbits for sentinel one And they're just the path that that it flies over And each sentinel Satellite there's two of them sentinel one satellite Um, each of these they fly the same relative orbit 12 days after the previous time. So Um, yeah, the official revisit time of sentinel one Uh Is uh is now six days because there's two satellites that fly Fly behind each other But um, yeah per satellite it's 12 days. So yeah And then yeah, this is um, the last one is uh, what I call the the the basically the geographical the tiles or the path for row system And it which means that the for sentinel two we have a tile system for land salt We have a path and row system and these The uh, they're basically, uh fixed areas on the globe like square tiles all around the globe In which the data that's recorded, uh, is is is just cut uh are cropped into the yeah Um, so if you look at a specific area, you can find a tile code in the sentinel two tiling grid system and you can uh all the data is delivered in uh for uh in in uh per tile for this this specific uh for every every time this satellite flies over So it's uh, yeah, um, so it's very easy to to know if you say i'm looking at this tile you can you can just Search for the data that's there and then for every time every time there's data recorded within the tile The data will be made available for this uh for this tile um So then i would like to focus a bit more on the the specific sentinel satellites Uh sentinel one let's start with the beginning There's two satellites two sentinel one a and sentinel one b Launched in 2014 and 2016. Um And these this these satellites they operate uh in c band So that's that's a wavelength of about 20 30 centimeters if i'm If i'm correctly, uh, memorizing the the wavelengths exactly uh in two polarization modes so Yeah in v v and v h modally, which is the the the direction in which the signal is transmitted and received And it's an active sensor. So it sends out a signal which is uh scattered back and and and the scattered back the the back scattered signal is uh recorded As i mentioned already the six-day revisit time in a spatial resolution can start at 10 meters But it's usually lower. I mean with radar. It's not so clear Um, there's often some filtering needed to make the data a bit. Um, yeah A bit, uh, I would say good-looking but but to to correct for some some some some specific Very specific phenomena that you have with radar data So you can use 10 meter data, but often people resample it or filter it to about 20 meters So it's still quite quite a good Spatial resolution. So the application domains is um, yeah, as i mentioned Earlier ready terrain mapping agriculture forestry emergency mapping or polar studies Yeah, what are the advantages? Well a radar signal is uh hindered by clouds and that's a very big plus And also it can record at night because it's an active sensor. It sends its own signal So if it's dark it can send the signal and and you get information back So is there's there's there's much more Useful data being recorded them in an optical center Um, yeah, it's a good. It's got a very good radiometric quality and it's got a white swath. It covers quite a white area in one go On the image on the right you can see already what these different acquisition modes that I mentioned earlier mean Uh, it's just basically looking at the different width of the area that you look at and and Either you focus more or less depending on the acquisition mode Yeah, the disadvantages what I often hear is that spatial resolution is not as good as people would want it Um, yeah, they're they're a very big and heavy data sets, especially when you look at slc data So you need a lot of resources for processing And there's still quite a bit of preprocessing needed until you can really use it Yeah, and the data is it it's a different type of data than optical data optical data It just looks familiar because your eyes also work in optical domain. So as a human being you're very used to looking at optical data and microwave so radar radar Data looks a bit it's different. You look in a different domain. There's a different interaction with The surface of the earth. So that makes the data more difficult to interpret Um, but yeah, it's a very popular mission actually at the moment getting more and more popular because of this this Yeah, uh, guaranteed acquisition basically because there's no clouds Especially in areas where there's lots of clouds like the tropics or northern europe Yeah So, um, that's sent on the one. Let's go to number two Which is very similar in a sense that there's also two satellites flying sent into a sent on to b launched Just after sent to no one in 2015 2017 um Yeah, this is a multi spectral optical sense Mission with 13 bands invisible near infrared and shortwave infrared domains Also a six day revisit time and spatial resolutions are 10 20 or 16 meters depending on the band I think the the optical bands in the visible Domain are 10 meters spatial resolution um So it's a it's a very popular mission. I would say it's really it really provides very good data very reliable and Yeah, and and and it's it's it's been used in many different fields like yeah, but I mentioned as well there Again agriculture forestry has a lot of interest there coastal cities or inland water for water studies as well But also power studies. So it's uh, it's a very wide range and I can name a few more application domains there But I just yeah picked a few there advantages as I mentioned already is that yeah the data People find the data more easy to interpret And also it's got a very good radiometric quality. It's just a very well built satellite a very very good sensors These advantages. Yeah clouds As any optical sensor and there's a lot of clouds Every cloud is recorded. Um, there's plenty of very advanced algorithms to filter out the clouds to to make sure that yeah And these these algorithms are getting better and better, but you can't deny the fact that if there's a cloud you you can't see the ground Um, yeah, so that that that that that will always be a problem with any optical Any optical Mission, but depending on where you live in the world. I mean in in in warmer latitudes like the Mediterranean or Parts of the more desert arid like climates. It's it's a yeah, it's very useful. Um, you know And yeah, what I say is also all these there's a lot of atmospheric corrections needed to uh to make make sure that The acres are comparable And atmospheric corrections. They're very complex models and there's a lot of different algorithms out there and And and there's no consensus really which one is the best so, yeah And yeah, so it it's sometimes difficult to to to really calibrate the data So it you can really compare one image with another Um, then I go to Sentinel number three and yet again, there's two central sentinel three satellites Go flying at the moment sentinel 3a and sentinel 3b And this is a very very different sensor a very different mission in the sense that there's basically three missions in one satellite Uh, three centers on one satellite. So you have the SLS TR The instrument which is um a thermal instrument measuring uh land and water surface temperature um, or basically, uh into interfere infrared radiation or And that that's kind of that that then converted to land and water surface temperature Oh, yeah, is is a spectral an optical scanner It's a bit like a low resolution uh sentinel two, but it used a lot, uh for yeah for global Uh global mapping so not not part of the global but really the global mapping and then you have the s-roll s-r-a-l Which is an altimetry measure, which is also a radar which measures the the height um Yeah, and because it is a very low low resolution sensor It is about the spatial resolution about 300 meters For the olci and 500 meters for the s-o-s-d-r. It has a very low revisit time So basically every day is covering the entire globe every one or two days Yeah, um application domains, uh, yeah temperature measures or service temperature ocean color as well. So there's a lot of oceanic uh Use for ocean oceanographic applications a lot into topography or global land cover Yeah So it's a it's also a very wide range of applications also because it's all these different sensors And it has advantages that it's a very short revisit time very diverse range of applications that this advantage is It's a lower resolution and sentinel two basically, but it it it it serves again It serves a very different Need this this satellite Um, then there's one more sentinel Satellite up the sentinel 5p which is Yeah, it's just one satellite is launched in 2018. So three years ago And it's equipped with a tropomy instrument, which is a spectrometer Sensing in the ultraviolet to a shortwave infrared It's a very low resolution. So seven by seven kilometers and it's looking at atmospheric composition And there's a revisit time of every one day. So it comes over every day and it's it's uh, yeah, it's it's used for Atmospheric composition measuring so a number of uh different chemical Components of the atmosphere like NO2 CO, but also aerosols methane ozone Yeah, so it's um, it's really um, it's it's a different different different Uh Application domain all together than the previous ones in that sense But it's uh, yeah, it's very interesting and it's very being Popularized quite a bit last year during the first corona lockdowns when they could notice Or they could measure the changes in air quality Uh over specific areas in the world. So here you can see in the image in china, which was a very impressive Decrease in air quality when the major lockdown started their last year march Um, so yeah, it's it's it's an interesting mission Um, yeah the advantage again shorter visit time And it's got a wide range of uh atmosphere components And there's a lot of well calibrated products in level two already available So you can really start playing with the data very easily Yeah, and it's this advantage is the lower resolution, but that's the nature of atmospheric monitoring. I mean as Yeah atmosphere Atmospheric missions tend to have a lower resolution also because the the signal they try to catch from the Uh from the atmosphere. It's it's a very weak signal So they they you have to sample from a larger area to get a yeah more a better signal to noise ratio so, um Was this and sent for cap on creodias. That's the wrong title there. Anyway, this was what I meant Here is the other missions that we have on creodias not the sentinel mission. So I quickly go through this You have lonset five seven and eight, which is fairly similar to sentinel two It's an americans mission Then we have s mos which is an isa mission which is a passive microwave Uh scanner which measures ocean some moisture and ocean salinity. So it's uh um, yeah, it's it uh And it has a very low spatial resolution But it's a very popular mission as well for global studies Then you have data from the entry submission, which is a very old satellite, which is not active I think it stopped working in 2012. So it's already quite. Oh, yeah here in 2011 actually Uh, it was a huge satellite a bit like sentinel three, but then much bigger even with a lot of different Uh sensors on board But yeah, we have the merris data, which is the same as the sentinel three or the precursor to the sentinel three l l c i data and also asa data, which is uh, uh, uh, c bond c bend sar Synthetic aperture radar data precursor to the sentinel one mission Then we also have jason three data, which is uh, Ultimetry data similar to sentinel three as a roll data and then we have a few, um Satellite satellite data from very high resolution Satellites, which I will mention later in the use cases. Um, they're yeah, they're very high resolution So lower than one meter spatial resolution And they operate in a multispectral domain visible in the near infrared and it's commercial data But I'll highlight these a bit later as well Then I quickly want to go through this. There's also data that's not necessarily satellite data But it is often derived from satellites, which is uh, let's say high level two level three Uh, uh, products uh from different Copernicus service project. So we have the climate change service They have the atmosphere monitoring service the emergency monitoring service the land monitoring service and the marine environmental monitoring services There, um, yeah, there there's a very big archives of data We don't have them all completely stored on the cryodias, but we can always add more if a user is interested um But I would I would suggest uh to to uh, yeah to to Meet a bit further on these data set because quite often data that you uh, that you would like to use is already available through one of these services even one of these Copernicus services um Yeah, and then we have also uh, uh Ancillary some more data sets again have a different long header there Um, that is the Sentinel one orbit data. So we stored the orbit data, uh from Sentinel one as well But we also and much more A lot of people are interested in this terrain data and we stored a complete archive of SRTM, which is a terrain model recorded in 2002 from a space shuttle mission It's really available. We have the map zen data, which is fairly similar to SRTM, but it's uh Expanded a bit into areas where SRTM doesn't cover and um, yeah, and and improved Wherever the data was available, but yeah, we have that data as well. And what we start using now, which is, um I started offering more and more as the Copernicus DEM, which is a more recent Terrain model of the world Covering the complete world so from pole to pole From the Terra star X and the tandem X missions um Yeah, we we have that available in 30 meters and 90 meters spatial resolution um and Yeah, that that's that's that's something we are we are integrating better and better on our platform so we also would like to offer that as a Terrain model that you can use to process other data sets. For example, Sentinel one or Sentinel two data And I'm also one one data set that we have is a land cover map of europe based on Sentinel two data, which is the s2 s2 glc it's uh developed it's processed on creodias developed by the local remote sensing institute here in Warsaw cbk pan And um, yeah, that's that's also available for any user to to look and and and and download And then I would like to round off a bit to the oh, yeah to the the use cases um Some work that I've been doing over the last years or so just just some nice examples of what you can do so this um been looking into analyzing sentinel 5p data Um, but there's there's a list of different parameters there But I was looking I was interested in what's the impact of forest fires On the atmosphere. How can you monitor forest fire emissions smoke from forest fires? from sentinel 5p data And so I used aerosol data for from the sentinel 5p mission And I was looking a bit if I hope the animation comes a bit through and last When was it last summer and of last summer in the west of the united states? There was a very big amount of forest fires And on the animation on the right you can see Through different weeks in the end of august to to the end of september You can see how the aerosols so the basic the particles in the atmosphere were drifting from um From the west of the united states to the east and and that's yeah that I've used very simple um Script to download and process this data and and and and build this animation all with open source and free pros What is it? Scripting languages like python and r Um, so that's that's that's a nice example of how you can can visualize use satellite data to visualize Yeah events for example And then have another use case Yeah, I've mentioned already this sent for cap software It's um, yeah, it's a platform that's developed by the sent for cap consortium Which is mostly led by the university in louvre in belgium And yeah, it's a system in which a user for example a Somebody who's working at the pay agency in in in one of the european union member states or any Other person involved in agriculture and would like to monitor what's going on in an area can be a country can be a region um, they can Start a virtual machine, which is uh, yeah on on the criodias platform where the software is all pre-installed Um, and then they can start using the software straight away By defining an area of interest a period of interest The system will automatically download and pre-process Sentinel one two and lance of eight data From level one to level two and there's a number of different A different uh algorithms available for example a crop type mapper a In the detection of mowing events algorithm um That and that that can help the user to to uh investigate analyze It can you know our agriculture activity and yeah So here, uh, yeah, here's uh an overview of the different products that can be generated on send we sent for cap So the crop crop type map a grassland mowing product vegetation station the status indicator and a number of agricultural practices Um, as you can see there Um, I mean the platform the the software is still being developed. I think and um And we are in good good contact with the leader the developers and the leaders of the consortium And so any user can can easily start start using Yeah, this this software, um, yeah without having to install anything basically And then the last Use case or example, I would say And is this very high resolution data that we have available. Um, we have now VHR imagery from three providers Yealin from the yealin one satellite the casio set and the compsat satellites And it's a commercial offer so that imagery can be ordered through criodias We don't have the entire archive really available But we can we are building on an integration of their api the api from the casio set And that's the first one. We'll be having ready very soon uh, so any user can you can use our api to Or are they are data finder to search through the the archive and uh, and then can order it through uh, Through through our platform as well I have to mention that this imagery does not come from free Because it's uh, yeah, it's a commercial offer. So it's an add-on. It's not it's not open and free data On the right, you can see in a comparison of sentinel 2 on the top right image in the south of england this is and the yealin one Area image of the same area and there might not be very clear on your image at home, but there's a quite a distinctive quality difference So yeah, if you're interested, I would suggest to contact our sales department as well and they can provide more information and then I would like to stop with the last Example of very high resolution data in action This is an actual video which is recorded from a satellite from a yealin one satellite. So it's Satellite manages to capture an area for a Specific amount of time. So and and and puts all the images in in a bit of a movie Um, and the funny thing is you can see cars are driving from space. So I'll play this movie. I hope it works Yeah, it's coming and it's zooming in and I hope You will be able to see something on your screens at home Um, but if you look closely on the major road There there are some bits moving and that's moving cars Um, yeah driving through by route. This is by route so It's pretty impressive these days what what you can do from satellite. I have to say and this is uh, it's a very good example um So with that use case I would like to uh, oh, there we go again Well, let's do it once more hopefully you'll see a bit Manage to distinguish something um, but this is the last slide of my presentation. So I would like to uh, yeah If if you want to more further information, please contact our uh, either our sales department Psemec Psemec Joav Muita with email or for any technical support and Send to the email there And then I have a few more things. I am coming now Uh, yeah to uh, I have to highlighted uh, if you want to Keep in touch or want to get more training There will be more upcoming webinars. So please go to this, uh website there to finish off by Saying thank you all for joining this webinar. I hope you learned a little bit. Uh, yeah, I would like to say, uh There this is just a quick introduction that I I I wrote But there's loads more to learn. Um, if if you have any questions, feel free to reach out to uh, to cloud ferro as well creodios, uh, or on the yeah On the twitter, linked in our facebook pages that we have as well and That from my side that will be it then and everybody have a Very good day or afternoon Or morning, wherever you are in the globe


We have a significant event coming up. The United Nations has declared the World International Yoga Day. That means those of you who are living in the yoga center or associated with the yoga center means this is your day. First time in the world, you know? Since Adiyogi, over fifteen thousand years ago, since then, many things have happened in terms of propagating yoga, in terms of reaching out. Many administrations in the form of kings took to yoga and did things. When Krishna was here, this was… maybe people don't recognize him unfortunately for this tremendous effort that he took to have political system and the spiritual process fused as one. This is what he wanted to achieve and he's not being credited with this. People are only talking about the excessive butter he might have eaten and the girls and the flute and the cows and the dung and whatever. No, that is not what his life is about. His life is that he strived throughout his adult life to bring the political process and the spiritual process as one. He started over one thousand ashrams across the northern plains of this country. Nobody acknowledges him for that. This is the body of his work because he did not want spiritual process to be an archival process somewhere in some ashram. He wanted this to spread across the society. Above all, those who rule the nations must be spiritual in nature. This was the intention and always mingling and handling kings and their affairs, but he himself chose never to become a king. He was a king-maker in many ways, but never a king. He had the armies to become a king. There was land on which his people lived, so he could have become a king. Effortlessly, if he wanted to become the king, particularly the Pandavas would have given up their whole kingdom and said, you'll be the king? There's no question about that, but he never ever became a king, only wanting to get the spiritual process and the political process together. This was the whole effort. So it's wonderful today that the United Nations has declared this and the head of a state is talking about yoga. It's a big thing. We've been working to do this, particularly in the last twelve to fifteen years. We have made many efforts to bring people who are the leaders of nations to have some spiritual process in their life. For the first time, the head of a major nation on the planet is talking about yoga in public, in international fora. And for the first time, one hundred and seventy-seven countries get together to pass a resolution. Never before in the history of United Nations, hundred and seventy-seven countries have voted for anything, anything for that matter. So, the coming year is a historic event in many ways, because this could be a kind of a foundation stone to make scientific approach to the inner well-being of the human being, a worldwide thing that if you want to be well, you don't have to seek heaven's help. You can turn inward and fix it. You can turn inward and create well-being. You don't have to look up, you don't have to look down, you don't have to seek celestial help. The human well-being or the quality of human well-being essentially is originating from within. If you want to fix it or if you want to mess it up, both can be done only within you. This is the message when you say there is a international yoga day. This is what it means. The world is beginning to accept. Human well-being is not in heaven, it's within us. It's a tremendous step for the world and here we have big plans. What we want to do in the next five to six months and what happens later, a vertical scale-up of yogic practice on the planet can happen. We have very big plans for the coming six months. We want committed people, we want committed teams across the country and in the rest of the world that who will really go by this plan to see that this shift of attempting human well-being instead of heaven, we shift inward. This can be truly scaled up in the coming year. We have a very elaborate plan. We want many of you to become a part of this plan in a committed way, not off and on, but in a committed way because this is a historic event. And it's wonderful that it is timed at the time or beginning of Dakshinayana. That is on June 21st is the International Yoga Day. It indicates the shifting of the relationship between the sun and the planet from north to south when Adiyogi turned south and became Dakshinamurti to deliver this whole dimension of yoga, this knowledge or this whole sphere of understanding the mechanics of human being in relation to the mechanics of the cosmos and how one can transcend, how this can either be a tiny little creature or how this can become a cosmic being. This possibility he opened up on this day and it's truly wonderful that day is being recognized as the International Yoga Day. So plans, big plans means you know a lot of work. So let's not talk about work today, but it'll come, lots of work. I was thinking, 2015 I'm going to step back and start practicing retirement a little bit. But no, 2015 is going to be full throttle. So you should not… you should not try to tire or retire in the coming year. No tiring, no retiring, okay? Full throttle. Are you up?


In previous segments, we have used parallax to verify and calibrate the HR diagram, also known as spectroscopic parallax, and standard candles like CFID and RR Lyra variables. These standard candles then enabled distance measurements far beyond what can be done with parallax. In this segment, we saw how to calculate the luminosity of type 1a supernova, and although globular star clusters come in a variety of sizes and magnitudes, it appears that the brightest clusters have a similar luminosity. Astronomers used the CFIDs and other known standard candles to verify and calibrate these two new standard candle rungs on our cosmic distance ladder, type 1a supernova, and the brightest globular clusters. Nebula and planetary nebula are about star death. In our next segment, we'll cover star birth nebula, like this one, the Orion nebula, as seen by the Zwicky transient facility.


The current Lord Shedding has highlighted serious weaknesses in the current administration's leadership that are now too evident to most of his years in opposition. And the early part of his presidency claiming that a lot of the challenges the country was facing were because of a lack of leadership. The recent admission by the Zesco board chairman that they misled the president has further shown the extent of the problem. Never in my even years have I seen an individual admit that they mislead the head of states and remain in their position. Despite his taking on of the blame, we know that the chairman is far removed from the day-to-day operations of Zesco. Which begs the question, was he too mislead by the management of Zesco? It is shocking that given the embarrassment that has befallen the president following his numerous comments, first on how he would end Lord Shedding prior to being elected and second that he had ended it within eight months of being in office, so many of the people who told him it was over remain in office. The list of people who would have mislead the president is endless. The minister of energy, the permanent secretary at the minister of energy, his advisors at state house and the entire Zesco senior management who are still in their positions. When one looks back regarding Zesco, it seems the president has been mislead for a long time. He claimed that Café Gorge Lower had been abandoned in 2019 and his government resuscitated it and he claimed that the financial problems related to other independent power producers had been resolved and yet this was far from the truth. The president even implied that they had now started exporting power which seemingly had never happened before until he got into office. This is either truly a lack of information or the president is a man who likes to rib where he did not so. Surely with all the intelligence and resources surrounding the president where is he getting this information that is tarnishing his presidency? The export of electricity did not start with the president or with his presidency nor did it start during the PF regime. This is something that has been obtaining from the time Zambia signed the power sharing agreement over 20 years ago. The current power crisis leaves many questions unanswered. This problem and the possibility of Lord Shading was known by engineers early in 2022. Hydrology and demand focus are things that have been done by Zesco for years. It would seem that individuals in the current government were so desperate to claim that Lord Shading had ended that they ignored all the warning signs. The current water levels of the dam show serious recklessness on the part of those who manage the electrical system. The Kareepa Dam was meant in part to provide storage of water to allow for continuous generation of electricity even in years when there was low revenue. Given what is pertaining today, the dam has now lost its storage capability as every year. The water that will flow into the dam will be used for generation in the current year and will in the foreseeable future lead to Lord Shading annually. To put this into perspective, in 2015, when Zesco decided to Lord Manage leading to eight hours of Lord Shading, the dam was just over 20% full. However, this time around, on January 1st, 2023, when Zesco announced that it would finally commence Lord Shading, the dam level was 0.83% rising from a low of 0.77%. On December 30th, 2022, while the use of the water in the Zambezi River is not solely on Zesco, this act of allowing it to get to this level without intervention is criminal. As stated earlier, this problem was known before and there are sessions by the board chairman that he should have been more vigilant with his hydrologists, implies that he was unaware and makes for very sad reading. The long 12-hour Lord Shading could have been averted by two to three-hour periods starting mid-year. In addition, earlier in the year 2022, the Zesco Managing Director claimed that Zambia had a surplus of over 1,000 megawatts and was defended this week by the board chairman that at the time they were sitting pretty shows a significant lack of understanding of electricity generation on the part of both senior officers. Energy experts were in shock when the Zesco MD made such a claim as it was known that there was insufficient water to produce that amount of energy, nor was the Cafua Gorge Law Project completed. Many watched the Zesco MD glots in front of the president at the meeting of Heads of Parasatos about how he had solved all of Zesco's problems and was the shining light at that meeting. Eight months on, it would appear that he lied his way through the gathering. One wonders why the president is failing to censure the Zesco MD. Is he a true embodiment of the extent of the president's compromise that he seems to fail to take corrective action against him? Zesco today, as we speak, is financially worse off than it was a year ago. And its tough numbers are significantly higher today than they were before president Ichile Mahasium office. The president has been employing all kinds of people, the senior government, in Zesco. All those who helped him are now in Zesco. While some might argue that this has no direct bearing on generation, the reality is that it does. More money spent on human resource affects what is available in the past to invest in new generation and reduces your ability to seek tariff increases based on efficiencies. And in its current form, Zesco has no capacity to solve Zambia's power problems as bankability for new projects will be impossible in the short to medium term. The president has even gone further to constitute a task force comprised of the same people who have created this unprecedented level of load shading. What will that achieve? I think it is basic logic that you cannot solve a problem with the same mindset that created that problem. We have seen serious data and delay in the last 16 months regarding projects that had been started in the previous regime for reasons that are unclear resulting in missed opportunities and ultimate cost escalation. It is not a secret that the president is now making voters wonder about his ability to make big decisions. As we continue to speak about individuals remaining in their positions we are reminded that early in the president's term a director general of a key institution was accused of sharing images that were against the law. The images were clear enough to make an easy deduction on who the person in the images was. Alas, the president has failed to take action and that person remains in post. If we are to draw a parallel from the former president with his perceived love for fun and social engagement he was out ever decisive in making the decision to draw one of his ministers when images he made of him in a compromised manner. This president has failed to take any action. To add to the indecision it is no secret that the farmer input support program has been a disaster in the 2022-23 farming season with many areas still not having received inputs as of today. Again, everyone at minister of agriculture and all those involved have remained in their positions. The minister of health also continues to have its own share of problems with the minister weekend by a potential corruption scandal and inadequate medication in hospitals. And yet all we have seen is business as usual. As we speak the country is faced with a possible food shortage and we have seen the price of minimum increased to a high of 217 kwachas to a 25 kg bag of breakfast meal. The country is importing wheat for the first time in over 15 years. The drugs for treatment of food and mouth disease and contagious boba and pleural pneumonia in short supply putting livestock farming at high risk. These and many more truly begs the question what will it take for the president to act? At this point it is easy to deduce that the president is a very indecisive and compromised leader who cares less about the people of this country and is only interested in outsiders. He worries more about foreigners than he worries about his own people who voted for him. It is apparent from his lack of action that he is all back and no bites and that the Zambian people are in the long remaining three years filled with incompetence at the heart of government. While others have taken time to defend the president and allocate blame on those around him we in the citizen's first part are cognizant of the fact that the president is an appointing authority and therefore the people surrounding him are a reflection of himself so at the very east represent his aspirations and that will explain why most of them are still in their positions besides the market flows in their performance and at worst even embarrassing the president to the point where all the funny memes today is making a mockery of the president. Let's go on social media and see how they are making fun of him. It is really lower in the decorum of his office of president because he is a big talker he talks a lot and he acts less. President Tucker in the Hitchi level must learn from the experience others have who paid the ultimate price for holding on to questionable people and their inability to let them go when the writings were on the wall. Our commitment is to the citizens of this republic. Finally I want to advise that the citizens first is a progressive party that does not believe in making empty promises to the citizens but rather seeks to provide solutions that are transformational in nature. We are alive to the fact that empty rhetoric and baseless promises are what has led this country to where it is today. I would like to call upon the citizens of this country to start scrutinizing their leaders including those of us who are seeking to run for public office. If we had interrogated the current leadership enough and sought an explanation to the open statement of he will fix it. We would have avoided the current situation we are faced with today. And if he fails to fix the challenges and keeps on lamping the blame on the previous regime we shall certainly fix it through the balance. I also want to save notice on the naysayers that the citizens first is not an opposition party but a shadow government. A shadow government that is working on building and maintaining its state of readiness ahead of the 2026 travel type pause. Hours is not to oppose but to provide alternative solutions and the answers to the challenges that the country is faced with. Thank you and God bless our government.


How do you do? It's good to see you, dad in here. Nice to see you. I want to come in and have a few minutes of this. Hi, Paul. How are you? Good to see you. How are you? Good to see you. Nice to see you. How are you, sir? George Bush. Nice to see you. How are you, sir? George Bush. Nice to see you. How are you? How are you? Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Mr. President, I very much appreciate you giving this opportunity for receiving me as representative of Solidarity. I am instructed by Revan Wensa to give you his and your regards and warm greetings. Well, please give them a hand. We have a small thing for you which shows Solidarity, which has been hit, but it's still alive. This has been made clandestinely in the United States in 1981. I mean, during the, after imposition of state of war, it was the response of the United States workers. Well, thank you very much. We greatly admire all the Solidarity means and what it has been doing. And I have a particular sympathy because for several years I was president of my own union when I was in the Russian picture business. This we know. Well, we're very concerned and have very deep feelings for the people of Poland and what Solidarity has meant to them. And I very much appreciate the little time they have hearing from you as to what the situation is and what you look forward to. Mr. President, first of all, I would like to thank you for your calling to support Poland since the very beginning of your first period of presidency here. You are very admired in Poland and you will be remembered by our history for long. But this results that people in Poland have great hopes in you that this will be continued and this even will be strengthened. And like our answer has instructed me to give you... It was wonderful. It was a wonderful trip. Yeah, it was just great. Food is marvelous, but we just got a little tired on the jet lag. Where did you get back? Thank you. Welcome to our house. The loss of his life over at home. Once he gets out of the regular breakfast he comes here. That's the response, though. Thank you very much. Oh, thank you. How are you? I'm fine. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you for giving us this opportunity. I understand you're not only from Mississippi, but you're from his own town. That's right. Thank you. Thank you. This is an honor. I'm very pleased to have you. I understand that you have an interesting comment. You're studying communications and public relations. Yes. And I have an old sports announcer. And he's on the radio. Yes. And also your interest is swimming. Yes, swimming. I spent seven summers as a lifeguard. Did you? Tell me about what you did at Ole Miss. Well, I am a member of college Republicans at the University of Mississippi. And we, both the faculty and staff, hold our meetings when we have meetings. And they have never seen as much motivation, as much inspiration in college Republicans before ever since the University of Mississippi. So, on behalf of the College Republicans of the University of Mississippi, I want to tell you. Well, and then there's really a bipartisan... That's all my friends are public. I'll get one snack, but there we go. No, you stay there. We got it, but now we got it. Put the whole thing there. Thank you, Mr. President. You're welcome. You're welcome. Just a couple of souvenirs in the office. That's a stick. And this is just something in case you've got some papers in your desk or something. Thank you so much. Again, it's none of your business. Well, I don't know whether they think to this, because my day radio was so young that communications weren't a part of college at all.  I remember one thing. I couldn't understand broadcasting majorly in baseball every day and so forth. And I'd get mail. And obviously, usually, and almost everywhere, there'd be something about it. That you sound as if you're talking directly to me. And I don't know how I'm doing that, but then one day it dawned on me. It was a pretty good lesson. I never forgot. I realized that, you know, you've had to live a lot of stuff when you're doing a ball game. Well, I knew that it was a little group of friends of mine that were usually at the barber shop we all patronized, listening to the ball game. And when I thought of anything to say, I would say to them. Right. And of course, the listener didn't know that. So he did sound like it.  Thank you. It's nice to meet you. Good to see you. All right. Good to see you. Bye-bye. Thank you, sir. Good afternoon, sir. Well, hello there, Mr. President. Nice to see you. Nice meeting you, sir. I believe you're making some certification to Congress in Pakistan. Is it your judgment that Pakistan doesn't have the ball? Well, we have no evidence that they do. This is required of us to make it. But we're very hopeful that in Southeast Asia, countries will forego nuclear weapons. All the countries there. And yet at the same time, we want to be of assistance with regard to legitimate energy needs. And that is a source of energy, but should not be a cover up for the bombs and the making of nuclear weapons. We're going to try our best to see if we at the level of the Soviet Union and ourselves cannot do something about creating those. And I would like to think that they might one day eliminate the law. But Mr. Gandhi, our prime minister, suggested in the news week in an interview that this cement and amendment waiver could need not be extended. Is there any way? Why should it be extended any further?  That's the waiver of the cement and amendment which allows sale of arms to Pakistan. Otherwise, there's a law. There's a law which would not allow sale of arms to Pakistan because of its nuclear weapons program. But you have granted a waiver. And that waiver will expire in September in 57. He says it need not be extended. Why should it be extended? We hope by that time that we definitely know that there are no nuclear weapons. Not going to be any. Because that's what we've tried to, as I say, to impress on both the major countries there, but all Southeast Asia or for the rest of the world for that matter. Are you coming to India, sir? You have accepted an invitation to India, to visit India. But you were, Mrs. Reagan, visiting India. If we can work out a schedule to do that, we would like it very much. India is the largest democracy of the world. My only experience in New York country was one in which I wasn't even aware of it. I was on a flight from Taiwan to London, England. And I went home from some tours that I had had over there in the Far East. And it seems like long before dawn, but early in the morning, the plane dropped down in New Delhi for refueling. But I'm sound asleep. So at least I slept a few moments in India. But no, we'd like that very much. Sir, we would be very happy to see you there. I've only visited China once, but you did not visit India. So it's time that you also visited India. India is the largest democracy of the world. I know. We'd like that very much. And you are the leader of the democratic world. Thank you. Thank you, sir. Good to see you. Thank you, sir. Looking forward to seeing your Prime Minister in the next couple of days. Yes, sir. He's very much concerned about this Pakistan's program. We'll have a good talk about it. The section where they say things that happened 10 years ago, they reprint, and then they had one here 50 years ago. September 6th, 1935. Some one-of-a-bomb shell burst last evening at one of the longest council sessions since the President's City Commission assumed control of Dixon's affairs. The bomb was hurled by Commissioner Joey Vale of the Department of Streets, and in his action, he gained support from other members of the council. The commission attacked the city's application to various federal programs for financial aid, charging that the projects were only of a temporary nature and meant no good to the city. There. That's why I don't want more federal spending. Mr. President, Prime Minister Blaze of Grenada, President of the United States, it's good to see you. Well, pleased to see you. Why don't you overtake that chair right over there? No, Mrs. Blaze. Mr. President, I'd like to say this one right there. Mr. Secretary, Paul Well. Yes. Mr. Ambassador Zagir, the Ambassador. See you, Mr. President. Ah! I want you to go right over there. Your treatment is going very well. The continuity of the doctor was satisfied. The one-way happier message on the next. First, let me put that to the letter. We were very glad to be able to lend a hand. That's my message. October seems to be the height I'm going to remember. I think we did a similar kind of coverage. I mean, the discussion in the coming years is in the coming of the discussion, too. Very mostly also. Well, Friday will be the second anniversary. Well, Grenada, yes. Grenada, yes. I'm quite sure about a ready start. And I know a thing. It was good for me, very courageous. Thank you very much. And the incident, let me say we're... This is my first chance to be in person. Say a congratulations to you with that tremendous victory for December. Yes. To the reaction to what we went on before. And the people we need to assure that the booster turned the back. So, Mr. President, a lot of people think that we have won a significant victory. And we're going to see where we've won. We did win that, but we have not yet taken the battle. No, I know the economic problems and I wish we could be more help we're trying to, but we have a budgetary problem of our own right now. But how do I mean a little budgetary problem? Well, it depends. It's a relative talk, little. If you really need me to... Incidentally, we're divided to see your turn to our returning businesses to private ownership. I think... This is what we're about to do. Your field of government has no business in certain things. You can do making ice cream. But we have no business with that. No money? Of course.


Aloha, my name is Abe Park. I'm the chairman of the Hawaii Restaurant Association and Monica Marketplace in Chinatown. And I'm also the managing partner of J Dynasty Seafood Restaurants. Mahalo for joining me here for the Restaurants of Hawaii on the Think Tech platform. Today, we'll be discussing the upcoming 2024 National Restaurant Association show. As a benefit of the membership, all HRA members can receive one complimentary admission badge to the show. To receive these member benefits, HRA members must register in advance for the complimentary badges on the NRA show's website. It's www.nationalrestaurantshow.com. Let me repeat. It's www.nationalrestaurantshow.com. The NRA show will start it from Saturdays, May 18 to 21 and will take place at the Makami Place Chicago Young Analyze. Additional badges are available to purchase, I started at $250 each and then we'll have more details on that after. Without further ado, allow me to introduce the esteemed guests joining me in our discussion about the NRA show's. Fresh from the success of the recent Hawaii Hotel Restaurant shows hosted by the HRA and its allies. We witness unprecedented turnouts of attendees. It's evident that trade shows like this post immense appeals. Weather is for sourcing top notch yet affordable supplies. Networking for essential businesses, services like insurance and medical coverage or gaining invaluable insights from the experts, speakers featuring in the program. Their atmosphere was electric, dreaming and also excitement is a learning opportunity for all the operators. But today we are gearing up an even greater event, a grand event, the upcoming NRA shows. And it shed a light on what lies ahead and get a panel of distinguished individuals who are either inside of the show or seasoned attendees. So without further delay, allow me to introduce all these VIPs. So we have first Kailin Rogers, if you can wave to us. She is a Senior Director of Marketing, the National Restaurant Association show at the Kiss Me, Florida. Love that place. We have second person, a VIP is Maggie Schutz, Director of Enterprise Marketing for National Restaurant Association, Chicago, Illinois. Chicago, Illinois and welcome. And we also have Chris Imamura, CEO of Rainbow Driving in restaurants, in Rainbow Driving restaurants, Kakaku, he's an adult Kakaku right now. But his shop is at the Kalihi Bridge and Kababulu. So Rainbow Driving again is one of my favorites. So it's the most popular eateries for locals and tourists on O'ahu and the food and quality are phenomenal and the price is always reasonable. And also we have Tom Jones here, he's the President of your Taku restaurants at the Alamona area of O'ahu. As we all know, Tom Jones is a successful icon of all restaurants operating in Hawaii. Tom is also an organizer for the Hawaii Hotel and Restaurant show and we just had, you know, and also Tom is our past chairman for the Hawaii Restaurant Association. So welcome Tom. Okay, so I'm gonna enter the show. So I'm gonna go to talk to Kailin. So Kailin, can you please tell us? Yeah, great. So Kailin, can you please tell us, you know, what sets the national restaurant association show apart from any other shows in the industry? Well, thank you. Besides being the largest trade show in the Western Hemisphere, so we welcome over 35,000 people to Chicago, to McCormick Place, that includes attendees and exhibitors. Right now we're gonna have over 2,000 exhibitions on the show floor and a plethora of education and on the floor programming. But I think the best thing about this show is that it's all inclusive. No matter where you are in the food service ecosystem, this show appeals to you. You can find new suppliers, you can find new technology, you can find new foods, you can find new packaging, you can find new seats and tables and patio coverings. You can find everything at the show and it's also so welcoming to everybody as well. We take, we want everybody who's on a restaurant tour, we want independence and commercial restaurateurs, we want non-commercial restaurateurs, you know, those hospitals, those universities, those colleges, those assisted livings, all those. We want retail. Retail is such a big growing area for food service and we also have lodging. Everybody that's in the lodging industry who really is serving food service. So anywhere where you can have food service, those people are coming and converging in Chicago this May. So we're quite excited about it. Wow, sounds like a white-spout shop. Yeah, yes it is. Okay, well I'm gonna talk to Maggie. So, Maggie, what are the main highlights or the key attractions that attendees might can expect in DC as a show? And also, are there any notable speakers, workshops and demonstration plans? Yeah, and before I get into the excitement of what's happening this year at the National Restaurant Association Show, I just wanted to say congratulations to you and the team on a successful show in Hawaii. I was looking at the website before I joined on the call and I'll have to plan to go next year. So I'm sure I'll have plenty to learn to bring back to our own booth at the show. So on top of all of the great things that Caitlin has already mentioned about the show, just about everything that it covers, there are two big things that I wanted to highlight for people and they kind of hit that rent of everything that's happening at the show. The first is our keynote. So we're going to be having a conversation between Michelle Corsmo, who's president and CEO of the National Restaurant Association and chef Jose Andres. And in that intimate conversation, they'll be discussing Jose's experience in the food service industry, the profound impact that food has on communities and how those two influences really intertwine with his philosophic efforts at World Central Kitchen. And so outside of that amazing conversation, which everyone is looking forward to, on the other side, I'm a little bit of a tech and mechanical geek. So this year we're celebrating 20 years of the Kitchen Innovation Awards. And so you can go ahead and check out the award winners now on the hotel, on the, Mark me. That's right on the show website. Either on the show website or you can also get an opportunity to see them and kind of play with them and learn about them right on the show floor. So those are two highlights of many. And I'm sure we'll talk more about all of them throughout this fall. Well, so not just one soft shop, one soft education too, you know, and listen to all these great speakers. So I'm going to go back to Chris.  So what educational opportunities does the show offer that your personality has benefited? So that's a recognition. I stated going to the show, maybe I think it was four years ago or so. And for me, it was more about education than it was exploring everything to start. Yeah, what I went for first was the restaurant leadership workshop, which is like a whole day workshop during one of the days, learned a ton. In a previous life, I was a computer engineer working in tech and then came home to run family business at the restaurant. So restaurant was in a sense, semi newer to me. So education for me was big. This year and kind of last year too, we're looking forward to a lot of, there's been topics on Gen Z recruiting and retainment. Just different generations that we, because we're as a family business, 62 years, we have employees that have been with us over 30. And you know, working with, you know, certain generations is always difficult and tricky. So just new opportunities about that. Something big also this year we're looking forward to is how AI can help streamline some operation.  Wonderful, wow, great. Thank you for the information. And Tom, so Tom, you also visited show as well frequently. So can you tell us what is the cost to attending this NRA show? But as a benefit of membership, I just want to let everybody know all the HRA restaurant members can receive one complimentary admission batch to show. So don't forget about that in the beginning. So I said it. So to receive these membership benefits, HRA members must register in advance for the complimentary batch on the NRA show's website. So it's a www and national restaurant show.com and okay, so Tom, so tell us the cost. Well, from Hawaii, the cost of airfare and the hotel in Chicago, ground transportation probably could run between four and maybe $5,000 altogether. And that would include that anything out all over the great restaurant in Chicago which there are meant, you know, everyone to understand is that it's easy to find like three or four times the value, you know, the cost of the trip in the value that you'll get from the show. I think the first year I went, we, I discovered shoes for instance to pull a brand name out and we had had a couple slips of falls the previous year and I came across the shoes for cruise booth. They did some demonstrations and I realized with the guarantee that they had we could save, you know, tens of thousands of dollars if not hundreds of thousands of dollars on a shoe security safety program. And so we implemented that and that's right. That's just one booth of the thousands of booths that are there. There is so much that you can learn from at the show and it would be hard if you put your mind to it not to be able to get three to four times your investment in the travel arrangements to see the shoe. I told the right way of view, you know, great. Yeah, so much to learn. I mean, there's, yeah. One investment that you should also make is a pair of very comfy walking shoes. It's, it's, it's really, he's not least to see the entire show and it's, it's, it's a lot, a lot of walking but it's worth every step. So what are you saying? We should buy our first class to go to Chicago and come back. It's still worth it. So, yeah. So going back to Caleb. So are there any new innovative technology and local technology? I love technology. So are there any innovative technology and products that being featured in this year, 2024 show? Well, last year we saw really the, the, the beginning and AI and really AI coming into the restaurant industry. This year you're going to see more AI than ever before in a different pieces of food service equipment as well as even, you know, one of the oils that we selected for Fabi was AI generated. They went out that, how could we really make this a more plant-based product and the AI generated it? So you never know where AI or technology is going to come from. I think the best thing that we're going to see this year is really from, from food service equipment, it's efficiency. We know labor, like Chris said, is, is a challenge. So how can equipment manufacturers streamline the processes for them with more efficient equipment that automates more steps, that can take steps out of the labor's, you know, workflow to get things done quicker and easier for all staff involved. Some of the food products that we're going to see we're seeing more explosion of plant-based, more explosion of, you know, even impossible hot dogs, if you could believe it, you know, there was always the impossible burger, now there's the impossible hot dog. So one of the other ones I thought was fun is the fabby favorite is guacamole bite. It's taking the guacamole and the chip and putting it into a fried ball that you can serve. So you never know what you're going to see or taste or really experience at this show. There's just so much to see. Last year we saw robot, robot was a big thing, delivering products and things to the table. So we see more of that, more kiosks, more, more interaction, mobile ordering. You'll see Uber Eats there. You'll see toast there. You see grubber. You see a lot of these other ancillary products that really help support food service there as well, as well as Coke and Pepsi and everything else that's a favorite. So I'm really excited about that. You know, all the different innovations and all the different products are going to be here. And one other thing that's new too is startup alley. Startup alley is our one pavilion that we introduce all new manufacturers into food service.  So it can be a wide variety of products from food to technology to equipment that's going to be showcased in our startup alley. Wow, it makes me so excited. I'm looking if I take it already. So, um, Maggie. So after show added any new events, pavilions or opportunities that this year's the operator should know about which pavilion pavilions are back this year's are there more exhibitors this year? You know, I'm actually going to take you off the show floor. I'm sure Caitlin can give us a very exciting roundup of everyone who's new here. Well, what I do want to point out is Chris, I'm so excited when you mentioned education because that is one of the new things that the show is really focusing in on this year. There's a expo and education badge and that allows people to really get the opportunity to dive into over 40 different educational sessions at show. So they've really leaned into that and I'm excited to hear that it's going to like a drop of youth for us and it has been for years. The other thing that I find really exciting and that's new this year is that we'll be hosting a member networking reception on Saturday. So we're inviting all of the listeners to viewers here today to join us. It's going to be on Saturday from five to six p.m. Right on the show floor we'll be sending out invites closer to show. And then on top of that, this isn't new but it's another great community thing which I really wanted to highlight because at the show there's so many amazing things on the show floor that sometimes it's hard to meet people but the show team has really put together a lot of great opportunities throughout the event to go and it's called Meetups. There's one happening, there's more than one happening each day and it gives you the opportunity to find your community, connect on the show floor and kind of create those impromptu magic moments that really make the trip. So those are my highlights that I'm looking forward to and the new things that are coming up this year. Wonderful, wonderful.  Other than the show, what else is there to do? So I think now you let us straight to what I was going to talk about is the networking opportunities. You know, you go to the show with a purpose for learning about this or trying to gain that but I found myself just talking to people around the world. It was really eye-opening to see how other cities, countries do restaurants and get ideas from them. We've been lucky enough, some of them have heard of us from all over the world. So it was kind of cool to talk to them about that. But Chicago in May is, I mean, not fun would. It is usually absolutely beautiful. The weather is great. I think the food and drink city kind of what Tom was talking about, the restaurants there, the bars there are all top notch. And then obviously if it's your first time, you have to do all the tourist things. Go see Millennium Park, go take an architecture tour. I think the Cubs are playing this year during that weekend. So I might make it out to a game. But yeah, just enjoy the city. I think something for us coming from Hawaii because the non-stop flight lands at I think 6 a.m. or something like that. Give yourself a day to get adjusted last year because of just time constraints. I landed at six and had a show at nine or like an educational thing at nine. And it was just a long day. So just making sure you plan a little bit of time for yourselves to catch up and get ready too. Are you thinking about rainbow driving in Chicago? Nothing's out of the question. So we'll just have to see. It's exciting to see the area where Dan and I do it so. So Tom, Tom Jones is a world-wide news chef at Kotaku Japanese restaurants and the most successful Caucasian chefs on the island and operating at the restaurants and at the multiple entities here. So Tom, what interesting inspiring aspects have you witnessed when attending this show? Well, the educational webinars are really, really great. But there are a lot of demonstrations there as well. On the show floor, you'll see demonstrations by different chefs from around the globe preparing foods. And then they also have competitions. So you'll see young culinary students carving ice or doing pastries, all types of beautiful food presentations. It's really great to see young people in the show. So I always enjoy going down in the lower section where they have all the competitions. That's always fun. And another thing to look out for, make sure that if you're attending the show, check with your vendors before you go, especially the national vendors. As to often done a national restaurant, a student education, educational foundation fundraiser in the evenings. And if you're fortunate enough to get invited to that, there's great opportunities for the bone-all occasions. Things of that nature. There's a Nike event one year. So there's a lot going on after the show. Check with vendor, check with the show website to see what happened to many of the extracurricular activities. Got it. Thanks, Tom. And let's go last round with Kailin. So Kailin, why should professionals like us in the industry consider attending? I think it's a great opportunity. I want to piggyback what Tom and Chris said. It is a great networking opportunity. But I also think it's a great time to unplug from your day-to-day and just explore.  It's just a great opportunity to open up yourself to new possibilities. I always say if you can walk away from an event with three new ideas, it was worth the investment of your time and energy to get there. Because you never know, like Tom said, I might get choose for cruise. Chris might find something fabulous and new that he needs for his operation. And he found it at the restaurant show. And I think that's just amazing. So I think every professional should come. It's just an eye-opening experience. You said about wearing comfortable shoes. Yes, it's the number one tip I give everybody to wear comfortable shoes. And now since COVID's over, I think we all are a little more casual than we've ever been before. So sneakers are on the table to wear to this event. But also I'm gonna say plan. We're gonna have our mobile app up in about a week or two. I'll make sure you guys know about that. But it's a great way to download it on your phone and start looking at all the vendors, exhibitors that are there and start tagging them so you kind of make a plan that you really wanna go visit them. It's a great way to tag the demonstrations that you want to see. It's a great way to tag mixology, beverage demonstrations. So there's always opportunities to plan better, to make yourself comfortable, but please come and enjoy everything that we have to offer on the show floor and everything that is Chicago off the show floor. Like Tom and Chris said, there's so much to see it eat off the show floor as well. It is a 24, seven event as far as I'm concerned for four days. So it's just great. Hope y'all come. Thank you. Caitlin, I'm adding two more managers on the trip. Okay, go ahead. You can sell me anything. So go back to Maggie. And what sets of the show, what sets of the show apart from just serving the product online? Sometimes when I stop shopping, you can also get it online too. What, why do we need to go to the show?  I don't know if I can really beat all of the magic that she was just bringing, but really honestly, for me with any event, the magic is being in person and the magic is getting the experience of getting away from your everyday life to be able to allow that creativity to kind of like settle and spark as you explore a new place, whether it's the trade show floor or the city and everything that the city has to offer. So I would say, come and bring it to life and experience everything that the show in Chicago has to offer. Well, I'm gonna pitch in on that, I'm gonna say this, it's a great way to compare and contrast products that you might be interested in. If you're looking at a fryer, go look at all the friars. If you're looking for an ice machine, go look at all the ice machines. If you're looking for a POS system, go look at all the point of sale systems that we have on the show floor. It's a great way to compare, contrast and real time, get the salesman's pitch, see if they're telling you the truth and go and look around the hall. There's no other show that's really gonna give you that breath of product and in that space that you can really make very conscious decisions for your business. Wonderful. Yeah, so Chris, why did you continue to attend the show and what has been rainbow driving the top local restaurant here getting from your attenders for the NRA shows? I think Caitlin just read my minds a little bit. We recently switched to, maybe two years ago, we switched to toast. And it was me going to the show and kind of comparing the different point of sale systems, asking the current one we had at the time what their roadmap looks like and comparing that roadmap to other point of sale systems. Other than that, we have different services like our digital boards. We found them through the restaurant. So we were beta testing AI scheduler now with one of the companies we met there. But like I said earlier, you don't necessarily have to go there with something like I need to buy something. It's a lot of just like, what haven't I thought of that other people have and how can I bring that back? And some things might not be ready this year but they're developing it. So you keep track of them and you keep talking to them. And same thing with our AI schedulers like, hey, we're going to beta test it. Do you want to help them? We're like, okay, yeah, let's try that. So it's just going with an open mind, having some goals in mind, but also listening to what people have to say. So give your chef a vacation. Down go. Right? No, not there yet. Yeah. I'm going to tell him. Yeah, tell him. So can you tell me you're the chef? So can you tell us how does these attendees make the best out of the visit in the 2024 in our ratio? I think Caitlin said it well, plan your trip. So start in advance, make yourself a schedule, look over the vendors, have a general idea of some things that you'd like to study or learn about. But again, it's an investment and just relax. Look at as much as you possibly can, keep your mind open and get a really good feel for working on your business instead of at your business. Just take a break, get away and open your mind up and just really going with a very open mind and learn as much as you can. And again, wear nice shoes and enjoy Chicago. Wow. You guys absolutely blew me away. And I'm letting you all these bills on my credit card now. So get you all these people down. So I'm absolutely blown away by all the insightful information shared by, with all of us today on the think that platform. I would like to thank all our guests here joining us today. We look forward to hearing about what this year NRA shows can bring. Again, May is coming. Don't wait, register at www.nationalrestaurantshow.com. And please remember, newish connections, save a life, eat healthy and live well. And Aloha, Hawaii was until we meet again. Aloha. We want to announce that think tech Hawaii is moving into a new phase and will not be producing regular talk shows after April 30th. We will retain our website and YouTube channel and will accept new content on an ad hoc basis. We are also developing a legacy archive program to provide continuing public access to our content. If you can help us cover the costs of the transition and the development of our legacy archive program, please make a donation on thinktechaway.com. Thanks so much. Aloha.