which are dealing with the volume of water, we had gone into detail of defining these efficiencies, we had defined extraction efficiency, we had defined conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, distribution pattern efficiency, we had looked at water storage efficiency, all these efficiencies were defining the indicators by which you can evaluate your system, looking at different losses, for example the first two efficiencies were looking at the conveyance losses, the application and distribution pattern efficiency was looking at the adequacy of the application and then the water storage efficiency was also in the same category which was telling us about how effectively we have stored the water in the root zone and then the irrigation system efficiency was the total, the end end product or the efficiency which can include all these effects, so irrigation system efficiency we had mentioned that we can define that at any point of interest or at any location of the project if you look at the overall project then it will be called the project efficiency, if you look at the farm it will be called the farm irrigation efficiency and accordingly it will be dependent on which location at which point you are interested or which is your level of interest. We had then gone in for the group B, B efficiencies where we felt that the efficiencies which define the volumes, they are not enough to ensure that the distribution in the field is proper because our main interest is to ensure that the field where you are growing the crop that should have a uniform distribution of water because that will satisfy the requirement of the crop in terms of removing the deficit which has been created through evapotranspiration in the crop. So this volume treatment does not ensure that or you would not know you might have provided the volume, the required volume but how it has been distributed that is not known. So to incorporate those aspects we had defined another efficiency which is dependent on the depth of water and is defined as water distribution. Having gone through these two groups of efficiencies there was a third group which we had defined in the beginning that there are some efficiencies which can be related with the crop production and some other related aspects which can be additional indicators to the farmers or even to the managers of the irrigation systems to find out how effectively they are managing their systems or for the farmers to find out how effectively they are managing their fields. So under the group C our efficiencies we have the first efficiency we will define as the water use efficiency. Water use efficiency less termed as EWU is the ratio between crop production per unit area, utilization of water in terms of the evapotranspiration requirement, depth of water lost in evapotranspiration again per unit during the crop production. Now that will give you the effectiveness of the usage of water, how effective the water has been used whereas your ultimate aim is to get the yield from the crop and that usage of water which you have been supplying through irrigation should be evaluated or there is one way of evaluating that by looking at how effectively you have utilized that water in terms of getting the ultimate yield which can be in the form of marketable product or it can be in the form of and it will depend on what type of crop you are talking about. If it is a green crop then it will be green, what how much green you are getting if it is a vegetable crop it will depend on how much is the production in terms of the vegetable you have got from the total field. So it will be evaluated in terms of the kilogram of crop, there will be the units in which it will be expressed, the gram of dry matter if it is some other crop can be marketable. The volume of water depending on how much area you are utilizing and how much depth of water you have applied in terms of the total depth of irrigations, so that much volume of water you have utilized in producing some amount of ultimate produce or the dry matter that will give you the water use efficiency. The other efficiency which comes in this category is the operational efficiency, let us call it EOP. The operational efficiency is again another indicator which will tell the operator, will give you an idea, an indication how effectively you are operating your system. So it is the ratio between the actual project efficiency, the efficiency of an ideally designed and managed system and you have to put a constraint because you might be able to get a manager system by using different resources and come out with project efficiency which is much higher. That is not the idea, you have to compare the comparable terms in terms of looking at a system if all the other resources are equivalent only then you can compare with respect to the operational efficiency or the project operation efficiency. So you have to put a constraint using same method of irrigation facilities. So if you are using manure you should use similar manure in both the systems. So as to you can delineate the impact of the variation in the resources. So in this particular case now your question will be that what is the ideally operated system or what is the ideally designed and operated system? It is very difficult to come out with a definition that which is the ideal one. It might be a subjective, there might be a lot of subjectivity because ideally designed and operated system is a matter of a relativeness that you are comparing with something which is actually operated where you are trying to take all those management, you are trying to incorporate all those tools which you feel can enhance the efficiency. For example less talking terms of the preparation of the fields, most of the loss which takes place in the case of irrigation is either due to the uneven distribution or the water going below the root zone which is the loss as far as the crop is concerned. So if there is a deep percolation you will find that you have supplied more water than was necessary or if there is a surface runoff again you will find that the water which was supposed to go into the soil to penetrate into the soil has not penetrated into the soil, it has gone over the surface of the field and it might have gone as a waste. So these situations how they can be avoided, they can be avoided by proper design of the method of irrigation by the proper design in terms of the sizes of the fields, in terms of the slopes of the fields, all those things they are the tools or they are the parameters which are manageable, which can be looked at where the designs can be made in such a way that you are looking at all those features and then you are saying that this is the best way of handling the system, this is the best way of laying the fields, this is the best way of under the prevailing circumstances because all these things will depend on many many factors and that we are going to come to that level immediately after this topic, we are trying to look into which are the factors which influence these efficiencies which we are trying to look at and that is what we are interested in, we are interested in knowing which is the best way of designing your system which is the most appropriate method which should be used for irrigating the areas where you know the environment, you know all the other parameters. So from that angle it may happen that there is under the similar conditions there are two projects, in one project you are getting very high efficiencies, very high operational efficiencies, in other project where you are not taken care of some of the things which are manageable, you are getting very low efficiencies. So for that comparison because many a times you might not know that whether it is achievable or not. So just to make that happen this comparison or the definition of operational efficiency it suggests that under similar circumstances higher efficiencies are achievable. So that gives basic information to the managers of the system that since those things are achievable they can look into their system, they can look into the various aspects of their systems and come out with some alternatives. They might be able to isolate those, pinpoint those, those problematic areas whether it is in the form of distribution of the water or whether it is in the form of forming of the land, the fields, all those things can be looked into and they can come out with some alternative or some measures by which they can enhance their efficiencies. That is the idea of defining such a operational efficiency but it is a relative thing that you have to understand that it will remain relative. You might come out with a idly designed system which can be, can also be improved upon. So there is no such fixed thing that there is only one idly designed system. You are approaching towards that, you might keep on approaching towards that state where you feel that you have achieved the most optimum system. Next we will look at another efficiency which can also give you some indication and it has the similar philosophy is called the economic irrigation, let us call it EEC as the ratio between total actual irrigation. Again a similar thing that total production as we have considered in the previous case because you have to compare it with something expected under ideal conditions. In this case again what you are looking at, you are trying to look at that what yield you are getting from your areas and what is achievable under similar circumstances, what has been achieved elsewhere. Normally you will find in every country the intention of the local government will be to have the agricultural universities because these conditions keep on varying. You might be able to have the same variety of crop. In one area it might produce a different results. In other area when the environment changes its behaviour will also change, its yield will also be affected. So you cannot compare a crop which is grown in Punjab with the crop, with the same crop if it is grown in south, the comparison might not be true comparison. So unless you take an area which is having similar environment, similar conditions and to certain extent may be similar soil, when you say environment it will also include the other characteristics like what type of soil you are having. So if you can compare the produce of the yield under similar conditions and then you find that yes there is lot of difference that is what can be done under the university environment. In the agricultural universities they have all the methodologies available, they have all the resources available, they can show people that this is what can be achieved and since they belong to an area which they represent, so at least in that area the conditions are similar. They can say that if this can be produced here under our conditions of which are which are conditions where they have managed the things very well, then it can be done elsewhere also. So from that angle this efficiency is the incentive to the farmers. You might have heard that the agricultural universities they keep on having the annual fairs where they invite the farmers, they invite the farmers from their own region and then they show them that the crop which they have grown, how good it has come and what is the expected yield, they can even report the yields which they have obtained and then they discuss with the farmers that what they did to achieve this, what were the inputs, what were the inputs beyond the artificial inputs in terms of the manuals, how they manage their the irrigations, what was the timing when they had irrigated their areas which are the more crucial stages in their crop growth which should be taken care of. So all those things if the farmers can be shown that yes it is possible, it is achievable then it is additional incentive to the farmer and with those intentions these type of efficiencies are defined and they can be used for the enhancement of the overall production because once he goes back he will try to look into where he went wrong, what was the reason of his getting the yield which is much less which might be in some cases it can be half the yield which is achievable. So those are the things which work very well and with that intention this is all these things are defined and they can be used to design the systems or to even relook at your systems and come out with some alternative adjustments in your system which can improve your the functioning of your system. Now with that we have defined all the possible, there are many other efficiencies but these are the major efficiencies which can be considered by the farmers, by the designers, by the managers of the irrigation systems and they can make use of these efficiencies. Now having known these efficiencies it has given us additional advantage that when we go to the next level of designing our irrigation systems or looking at the methods which methods of irrigation we should use we will have in the back of our mind that why this method would not behave very well, why this method what is the reason that this method will be a poor performer under the given conditions. So you will by the end of your this course you will have a feeling that looking at the conditions given the conditions you will get a feel what is the method, what is the best method under the circumstances which should be selected for a specific area under specific conditions. So with that we start next topic which is the topic on irrigation methods and their suitability. Is there any question on the previous topic which you have covered? When you think of the irrigation methods what is the need? First of all why we want to look at the method? You will normally find that if you do not if you do not you are not careful about how you apply the water. The general uhh feedback is that up to around 30 to 40 percent of water might get wasted in the form of either deep percolation or as a result of the surface runoff. In order to avoid these losses there can be some other losses also. You want to use those methods which can which can reduce these losses, these losses plus any other loss there can be losses due to depressions which are formed in the field. So if you have a field if you know that this is the upstream end this is the downstream end of the field. You know that this is the requirement. You require to supply or to replenish this much deficit which has been created. Now you want to replenish this deficit and if you choose a method which helps you in replenishing this deficit by supplying this much water then we have seen earlier also that this is the waste. This is the waste due to the deep percolation. If you are the supply of moisture which you are the water which is supplied at the upstream end, the rate at which is getting infiltrated into the soil that is much less than the rate of supply then you might find that some of the water might go beyond this downstream point of the field and that will be the surface runoff. So both these losses there are many factors which influence these losses because these losses are because of the fact. For example let us consider that if I if I have the same thing I will put again here. This is the field this is the requirement upstream point downstream point. Now if I supply water at a date which is for example let me say 10 liters of water per second. The infiltration at which can which can occur it can infiltrate into the soil the infiltration rate or the infiltration capacity which is prevailing because of the type of the soil you are having that is 20 liters per second. It can infiltrate into the soil at a 20 liters per second rate. You will find most of the water which is being supplied will get absorbed and it will keep on going down. At the same point it might not have any amount which is which can travel in the power direction. So if that happens then you might find that after a long period you might have collected something like this. This much water has been collected, this much water has been infiltrated and you could cover only a very small length of the field. So the wastage is very high in this case. This whole thing has gone waste whereas you could not get any water in the field beyond this level. So what has what has governed that the soil properties? One the rate of application the stream size are the one. Similarly there are many other factors which will which will decide how the water will be moving in this particular field. So you will have to you will have to first look at all those factors all those characteristics which can influence the movement of water. Only then you can go to the level of looking at the various methods because those methods have come through experience. As we have our ancestors have been cultivating areas since ages and they have learnt earlier nobody used to teach them. They have used to just come with experience used to the experience will pass on from one generation to the next generation. So some of the methods which you are going to discuss they are age old methods, they are conventional methods and they have the the wealth of experience behind them. But we can give them scientific of understanding, we can improve upon those methods by looking at what exactly is happening in the background and in certain cases they are some some additional corrections which has been applied to those methods so as to make them more appropriate more beneficial to the farmer. So let us first look at what are the factors which influence the selection of irrigation methods. You might say that we we do not know which irrigation methods we are going to discuss or talk about but that is not necessary at this stage. We are trying to look at the factors in a generic manner which are the factors which will influence the any method of irrigation irrespective of which method we will look at is the factor like here we have said that the rate at which the water is going to be supplied is one thing which I will decide that how the water is moving within the soil. Now the method subsequently will will come to those exact methods which we have in in practice which are being used by the farmers in general but these factors which we are going to look at they can be tackled even before looking at the the specific methods which we are going to deal with because in all these methods if we look at what are the objectives, what are the objectives we have? We want to apply the water most efficiently. One aspect is the first objective that you want to ensure that there are no losses. Besides this the selection of the methods will also be influenced by are we providing a proper environment to the plants. So the second objective in doing all this what we are what will follow in terms of the selection of the methods or in terms of the designing of the methods will also look at that we want to provide a favorable environment. So with these two major objectives it is not only the efficiency which is important because you might have applied the water very efficiently but if the conditions which you have created by doing so they are not very conducive to the growth of the plant then you will have to ensure that you should look into the conditions also. For example there can be some plants which need more aeration. So if you if you try to bring the conditions to a level where it is close to saturation and that persists for a long time then the crop will have a very bad effect as far as its growth is concerned because growth can be much better if the aeration is there. So if the moisture conditions can be kept at a lower level. So all those things are include when we say that favorable environment we mean by that that you will have to look at which is the environment under which the crop growth of that specific crop which is under which is the target crop which is that environment which can be more suitable. So you generate that environment while selecting the method if you can do that then your crop production can be much better. With these objectives the factors which influence the selection of irrigation methods the first factor is the soil factor. The soil is the major factor which which influence the methods to a very great extent and the various aspects of soil for example texture or soil structure of soil. The texture of soil as well as the structure of soil they will influence the intake rates. The texture will decide what will be the infiltration rates of that particular soil. Similarly the structure will influence the ease with which the water can pass through the soil. If your texture is such that they are fine soils in that case the infiltration rate will be very low. So in that situation if you will try to supply lot of moisture on top of the soil is quite is quite obvious that you might lose this water in the form of surface. On the contrary if you have light soils which are sandy soils you will find that the infiltration rates are very high in that situation you will you will lose lot of water if you are not careful if the opportunity time is because at any stage let us discuss this point which is important that when you are talking of this field now the amount of infiltration which is taking place at any section if I take any section at this level the amount of infiltration which takes place is a function of for how long the water was available at this point on the surface. So that is what we call the infiltration opportunity time and that is going to decide how much will be the infiltration which has gone into the soil and that will be decided by many many things one what are the slopes of the field what is the rate at which the water is being supplied these are the two major factors which we have decided that how much is the opportunity time which has been observed at this particular level of the field. Similarly at some other level the amount of water which has infiltrated into the soil will be a function of for how long the water was available at the top of the surface. So the texture the structure will be the major influence on the amount of infiltration because they are the ones these are the two properties which will decide what is the infiltration rate. Then you have even the water holding capacity the water holding properties also decided by the soil type is the water which you have supplied at the top of the surface out of that how much can be retained in the soil is a function of soil characteristics and that in turn will decide for how long you can wait for the next irrigation. So all these things are interconnected because if you know that the soil is such it has water holding capacity which is very low then for that soil you have to have a method which by which you can ensure that you come back to the same field before a time which is less than the time which it takes to deplete the moisture level below the desired moisture level. So that has to be ensured then the other properties of soil which can influence the irrigation method is the soil depth where is the profile of the soil this is also when you say profile you mean that what is the extent of the soil available at that particular location. Now how this factors the soil profile affects the irrigation method what happens is that if you are let us take an example that you have a soil profile available in an area is a shallow soil the extent of the soil is not as deep as it should be. So in that situation if you go in for the land forming is not every plain area is underlating area and if you go in for land forming land forming is that you want to shape the land you want to level the land in such a way that you can ensure the movement of water over the surface in a proper and uniform manner. So if you go in for the land forming the which will be made in the soil they might be excessive and since the soil is already shallow it might expose those soils which are not fertile soils. In general you will find that the top soil the top portion of the soil will be more fertile than as you go deeper into the soil the soil will be less and less fertile and most of the time the organic matters which are available in the top layer of the soil and even the other minerals which are there you would not find the same as you go deeper into the soil. So the ferrarity of the soil is much higher in the top portion and when you go in for if you have a area which is underlating area and you have the depth of the soil is also the profile of the soil is such that you do not have a very excessive depth of the soil. In this particular case if you go in for land forming you might like to get a get some proper grade of the area to remove these undulations you might like to get this grade in this what you have done you have removed the soil from this you have dumped that soil somewhere here. So when you have removed the soil you might have exposed the soil in this zone the lower soil has been exposed you have lost the fertile soil. So those operations which are land forming operations they are restricted when you have a very shallow soil and you may not be in a position to use the methods which you feel they could have been used if the soil profile was sufficient enough. So this is what when we say that soil depth influences the method of the irrigation that is what we mean. Then the topography is another parameter and influence the method of irrigation which method of irrigation you can select how it can influence basically if you look at the basic aspect of how the land the overland flow this component which gets produced in the area this will be a function of what are the prevailing slopes available in the area. So if your prevailing slopes are such the general slope is something like this even if you try to form the areas and get a general slope still this slope might be quite excessive to produce higher rates of runoff when you if you divide this into different fields still in each field the slope is such that it will generate so you might not be in a position to use the methods which need more opportunity time. If you want to if your soil conditions are such that you have heavy soils you might not be in a position to use a method which just let the water move from the sand to the sand and the opportunity for that water to go into the soil will be very less before it reaches the downstream end. So in this way the topography can sometimes it can be the major factor which influences the method of irrigation which can be used for example if the topography is still very highly and undulating you might not be able to use any of the surface irrigation methods you might go in for a method which is closer to either it is a sprinkler irrigation method or a drip irrigation method but this is not the only condition which will influence that whether you can use the drip or sprinkler irrigation method they have to be other conditions which have to be looked into in conjunction with this one factor and only then you can decide but the topography can play a major part Moreover if you do not if your topography is such that they are undulations and you have not formed those areas properly there are some depressions which are still left in the in the fields then what will happen you will have in some areas of the field you will have more water then in other parts suppose if this is the field in this field you are supplying water this is a low lying area when you are supplying some water the water might get blocked into this depression whereas the other area if there is some other area which is having the hump now that area might get much less water. So the topography if it is having some undulation and you have not taken care of those undulations by proper grading of the areas it can create lot of problems. So in that situation again you might not be able to use a method which which lets the water move from this end to the downstream end at a rate or with a depth which is very small depth that method might not be suitable here you might have to use some method which can allow the water to get stored for some specific time so that the water can move in all these areas at some rate may be still there will be a chance that this area might get much less water in terms of if you look at the total depth of water made available this might get much less infiltration depth than this area this area since there was a depression it has got more than what it wanted it was desirable for this particular location. So that way the topography can be can play important role. So to stop here and in the next class we will look at the other factors before we go on to the various methods which we have in practice. Any question?


Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, As-salatu wa s-salamu ala Sayyidina Muhammadin wa ala alihi al-wasaabihi wa-sallim Ya Rabbana ala kalhamdu kama'in baghi li-jalaa adi wa jilka wa adi, the Sultanic, Bismillah This is a continuation of our series of Tafsir 30 Today, insha'Allah, we will be talking about Surat al-Infitar and Surat al-Mutafifin So we've seen so far that Jesus 30 is talking about the hereafter, the day after, the day of judgment It's increasing the iman and the faith of the people of the new Muslim people who became Muslims in Mecca So this jizat is almost all Mecca Surahs So the Surahs in jizat 30 were almost all revealed in Mecca before the migration of Sayyidina Muhammad sallallahu alaihi wa sallam to Medina So we started today with Surat al-Infitar, Bismillahirrahmanirrahim This Surah and Surat al-Takweer resemble each other, the Surah before that we talked about last week They resemble each other in their subject matter So they both talk about the hereafter and the signs, the images that we will be seeing in the day after So Sayyidina Muhammad sallallahu alaihi wa sallam, we mentioned that he said Whoever wants to have a clear vision of the day of Dayum al-Qiyamah Let him read Surat al-Takweer, Surat al-Inshaqa and Surat al-Infitar So now we're starting with the images that come at the beginning of this Surah And we will know why Allah SWT has done this Why did he bring the images at the beginning? What's the relation between these images and what will come after? And when the stars are scattered, they fall, when they leave their orbits What will happen? Imagine a star now falling from its orbit What will happen? Disasters And the oceans are torn apart So the seas are corrupted And when the seas are all connected into one sea, this is what will happen So they are connected because there are no more mountains, no nothing to separate them from each other Now we have water is formed of hydrogen and oxygen In the day after, when it will be a Umul Qiyamah, there won't be any hydrogen and oxygen combined together They will separate, one is flammable, one will help to flame, so there will be a huge fire And when the graves are laid open, when they are turned upside down And this implies there is resurrection of the dead So those who are in the graves will come out And what will happen to them? Each and every soul will know what they have sent forward and what they left behind Everything will be presented before a person, so he will know that this is reality All the deeds will be presented, nothing will be hidden They will know exactly what they did, whether it was good or evil So now Allah SWT has given us in these five ayahs the certain images of what's going to happen What's the question that comes after it?  What made you careless about your Lord? This is actually a threat, it's a warning, it's not a question, it's not an attempt to get a reply So why did you disobey Allah SWT? And the first thing at that moment that would come to man, it will be shaitan And this would relate us to the point that when Allah SWT outcasted shaitan from the heavens He swore that he will do his whispering, he will keep whispering to the people of Adam, to the sons of Adam, to people, to man So that he would go astray And he said, I will make them go astray, I will make them follow their desires So why, why you man did not follow? What happened to you? You did not follow the orders of Allah, Allah who created you, he fashioned you perfectly And gave you due proportion He made you complete, he didn't make you walk on floor or crawl Which is of the generosity of Allah SWT He made you complete, he made you straight, he perfectly balanced and proportioned in stature Everything in you is well created He fashioned you in the best form and shape that's suitable for you In whatever form he willed, he put you together So how do you look like? Do you look like your father, mother, paternal uncle, paternal aunt? He formed you in the way he wanted The best way for you No, this no is an emphasis that you shouldn't have done that You shouldn't have been deceived What make you disobey Allah is that you reject or you deny the day after, the day of judgment You deny the recompense and the reckoning So it's rejecting and not preparing someone and not preparing to meet Allah SWT So Allah SWT says And indeed, watchers have been appointed over you So nothing is hidden from those watchers, from those angels They are honestly recording your deeds Allah SWT and they know exactly whatever you do Whether in private or in public, they know everything Allah SWT says in one of the Hadith Al-Qudshi Allah will say atum mabiyyina zalik So Allah SWT had something that's called good deeds Something that's called bad deeds And he explained that He sent messengers to explain what's good, what's bad And to encourage good and to warn from bad So Whoever intends to do something good but he couldn't Then Allah SWT would register it as a complete good deed And if he had the intention to do something good and he did it Then Allah SWT would write it as 10 good deeds Or that would be multiplied to 700 deeds or too much more So this is the good deed But if he intended to do something bad, something evil But did not do it Look at the generosity of Allah Allah will get it down to him as a full good deed And if he intended to do something bad and he did it Then it will be written to him as one bad deed Look at the generosity of Allah SWT So he would reward the good deeds with multiplied rewards And he would write the bad deed as just one bad deed And Allah SWT mentioned that in several ayahs That If you do anything bad, anything as a spec size If it's good, you will be rewarded if it's bad It will be written to you There are noble guardians, angels over you who are writing everything If you find something good, then you should thank Allah SWT And if you find other than this, you should blame yourself So These angels who are writing, they write everything In Surat Al-Kahf, Allah SWT says Whoa, what sort of a book it is It has left nothing unrecorded of our deeds Whether it's small or great Good or bad So now we have everything recorded We have two groups, winners and losers Let's see what's going on The righteous people are in delight They are in pleasure So who are the righteous? What is Al-Bir? Who are Al-Abrar? Allah SWT says in Surat Al-Baqarah So Al-Bir is not just to perform the ibadah Praying, doing, no Who are the righteous? So it's not just doing the forms of ibadah No Who are the righteous? Believe in Allah And the day of judgement Angels, angels, the Qur'an, the prophets And the will-kurba So to give wealth in spite of the love for it To the will-kurba, the relatives The orphans, the masakeen, the needy And the traveler who needs some help He doesn't have anyone to help him And those who ask for help What is the reward for freeing slaves? And those who perform the prayers Not only prayed, remember this It's not pray, it's perform the prayer So it's not just doing the movements of the prayer No, we are present in the prayer وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاتَ وَأَاتَزَّكَا Given Zaka وَالْمُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِهِمْ إِذَا عَهَدُوا They fulfill the promise, if they promise وَالْصَّابِرِينَ Those who are patient during في البقساء in poverty وضراء وحين البقس during the battles أولائك الذين صدقوا وأولائكهم المتقوم Those are the righteous people So those are الأبرار الله سبحانه وتعالى says The righteous people are in delight إن الأبرار اللي في نعيم So what is the best of the نعيم in the day after It's to look at Allah سبحانه وتعالى to have the gaze of Allah سبحانه وتعالى This would be the highest joy in the day of judgment So Allah سبحانه وتعالى is pleased with those أبرار and they are pleased with him So this is the first group وإن الفجر لفي جحيم وإن الفجر لفي جحيم And thoroughly the wicked will be in blazing fire will be in hell fire the evildoers will be in hell and in eternal torment Those are the worst of creatures who wronged themselves So they deserved the severe punishment What will happen to them They are in the blazing fire لفي جحيم يصلونها يوم الدين They shall be there They shall enter it on the day of judgment and they will taste its burning flame They will suffer the consequences of their deeds and evil actions that they were doing and they did not care about the day of judgment and the punishment there وما هم عنها بغائبين They shall never be absent from it Even one hour of torment they would wish that this punishment would be reduced No They would wish that they would get some rest from the punishment No, they would wish they will die from and to end this punishment They will leave it and return to it Every time they wish to emerge from it they will be returned to it It will be eternal torment for them وما أدراكما يوم الدين And what do you know of the day of judgment Why they did not pay attention ثم ما أدراكما يوم الدين Again it's an emphasis on what you know of the day of judgment So why did you man take it easy during your life and you did not care It's a threat It will be a great day What will happen on that day يوم لا تملك نفسا لنفس شيئا والأمر يوم إذن لله On that day when no one can benefit anyone else no soul is responsible for another soul And the command that they will be to Allah and Allah only So Sayyidina Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said يا بني هاشم أنقذوا أنفسكم من النار لا أملك لكم من الله شيئا Oh children of Hashem Save yourselves from the fire for I have no power to cause you any benefits from Allah He even told his own daughter يا فاتيمة وعملي فلا أغني عنكي من الله شيئا It's the day when no one shall have the power to do anything for another one unless Allah سبحانه وتعالى will this thing will happen And on that day Allah will ask لمن الملك اليوم لله الواحد القهار There is no one to answer except him Who is this is the kingdom this day Who is the kingdom this day It's Allah's The one the irresistible He's the owner of the judgment Nothing will happen except what he will So The whole surah is just convincing or instilling in the mind and in the heart the importance of the day after Now we will move to another surah with a little bit of a shift at the beginning of the surah So the surah to starts with something that was widespread at the time of Sayyidina Muhammad What was it So people would go short in waiting for people and they would ask they would command for full measures if someone is waiting for them when they want to receive their due from others they demand it it should be given to them in full but when they measure for other people they would give less than what was due and one of the people at the time of Sayyidina Muhammad was Allah he used to have two measures if he wants to for people he would use one of them if someone will wait for him he will use the other one the accurate one So Allah SWT revealed this surah so it's a big threat it's destruction it's a big threat to those who give short weight and who take full weight from others so they scammed only small amounts not substantial amounts from what is due to others but this happens always who demand to receive their full measures their due in full from others and sometimes they would ask for extra as well and when they they have to give measures or to give weight to others they will give less than due they would decrease the amount or whatever to that they will be giving Allah SWT talked about this thing in several so many surahs in surah he says and give full measure give full measure when you measure and weigh with a balance that is straight that's good and better for you at the end again in surah he says again in surah he says he says and observe the weight with equity and do not make balance deficient well let's stop here and think about one important issue does this does this mean only to be fair in weighing and measures and scale this issue covers everything it covers the husband who asks for full rights whereas he doesn't give his wife her full rights it also covers the the one who goes to work he doesn't fulfill his duty but at the end of the month he gets all his salary in full it's about the father he gives his duties to his children and he asks them for full respect well it's about the wife who does not do her best who does not do her duties towards her husband her children her in-laws everything that's related to her life as a wife and she always asks her duty her full rights there should be balance do they not think that they will be resurrected on a great day do they not fear this resurrection and standing before Allah SWT who knows everything there will be great horror on that day great fear on that day يوم يقوم الناس ولي رب العالمين so people on that day will all all stand before Allah SWT رب العالمين the Lord of all that exists they will be held accountable for their deeds so Allah SWT emphasized that everyone is going to be there يقول يوم يقوم الناس ولي رب العالمين حتى يغيب أحدهم في رشحه إلى أنصافي أزوني this will be the day that mankind will all stand before Allah SWT until one of them will sink up to the middle of his ears in sweat يكونون في العرق كقدر أعمالهم فمنهم يأخוזه إلى عقبي ومنهم يأخוזه ومنهم يأخذوا إلى حقويه ومنهم يلجموا الجامع they will be submerged in sweat based on their deeds there will be those whose sweat will come up to their heels others to their knees others to their wests others to their necks there will be breathed in sweat so we mentioned in the previous Surah Surat Al-Infitan which we just covered that the angels are writing the deeds this Surah will talk about the books that the angels have written the records that have been written كلا إن كتاب الفجاري لفي سجين the record of the wicked people the record of the evil doers is preserved in سجين what is سجين سجين يقول رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول الله عز و جل في روح الكافر وكتبوا كتابه في سجين وسجين و هي تحت الأرض السابعة so Allah says concerning the souls of the non-believers record his book in سجين and سجين is beneath the seventh earth it's the lowest of the low so where is the record of the wicked people of the evil doer people in the lowest of the low so what is سجين كتاب المرقوم what is this book written complete and preserved no one can add to it or remove from it anything no one can edit anything in that book وَاَيْلُوا يَوْمَا إِذِنْ لِلْمُكَالْدِبِينَ whoa whoa that day to those who deny disgraceful torment that day to those who denied وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا عِلْيُونَ so what will happen who are those who disbelieved who are those وَاَيْلُوا يَوْمَا إِذِنْ لِلْمِكَالْدِبِينَ الذين يُكَالْذِبُونَ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينَ so those who deny the day of recompense they do not believe it will happen so Allah is threatening those people who are those وَمَا يُكَالْذِبُ بِهِ إِلَّا كُلُّ مُعتَدٍ أَثِينَ and none can deny it except every transgressor every sinner doing what's forbidden exceeding the limits when acquiring the permissible also إذا تُطلَى عليه آياتنا قَالَ أَسَنْطِيرُ الأَوَلِينَ so when our revelations are recited to him he says oh wait these are tales of the ancient times these are tales of the legends of the former people so he would deny that these are this Quran is by Allah swt they would think that the Muhammad is reciting something that has been said to him or something that has been given to him as stories of the previous people of the previous nations of previous prophets كلَّا بَلْرَانَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِ مَّا كَانُوا يَكْسِبْرُونَ name but what they have earned has stained their hearts so what's going on now أَسَرْطِيرُ الأَوَلِينَ the Quran is the words of Allah swt but the only thing that blocked their heart from believing in it that they would say about it is that it is the dark covering that overcome their hearts because of their sins let's understand this in a way take a white page and if there is a sin then just put a black dot another black dot another black dot for sins so if someone does not repent the whole page will be filled up with black dots and the whole page will be a cover on the heart so the only way to erase these black dots is to repent to Allah swt to do istighfar to promise Allah that the bad thing will not happen again so this this istighfar asking for forgiveness would be an eraser to erase these black dots otherwise the heart will be covered with a veil of blackness Sayyidina Muhammad says if our sins were black in his heart then the servant of Allah swt if he commits a sin then there will be a black spot a black spot will appear on his heart so if he repent and ask for forgiveness then his heart will be polished again in zada but if he increased in sin zada then these spots continue to increase that is what Allah swt so this explains the ayahs of Allah swt so Iran covers the heart of the non-believers when we say a story of the previous prophet when we mention a story about certain nation we take the wisdom of that story so Allah swt is saying there will be a cover on the hearts of the sinners then we have to be aware that saying this will be an eraser and as a polish to the heart they are on that day veiled from seeing the lord and this by itself is the worst of the punishment so they will not see Allah swt as the righteous people will see him so they veiled themselves from worshipping Allah swt in dunya and Allah swt veiled them kept them away then verily they will indeed enter the burning flame of hell they will not see Allah and they will be with the people of fire then then it will be said to them that this is what you used to deny it will be said to them in a way of scalding on a way of belittling, humiliating those who denied the day after so this is the status of the non-believers where their book is and how they are tortured now the other part is the verily the record of the righteous believers is preserved in a place of highness it's the highest of the high where the other ones were in the lowest of the low but the abrar the righteous, the believers are in the highest of the high, the record is preserved in highness so it is the 7th heaven and it contains the souls of the believers so Ya Allah we ask you to consider us with those who you are pleased with them now what do you know of that place is the highest place that the record of the abrar of the believers of the winners is kept in that area so it's honoring the righteous yes it's a written book complete and present it's guarded and witnessed by the angels nearest to Allah then Allah to talk about the place of the abrar so he says verily the righteous believers will be in delight what are they going to see what are they going to witness I have prepared for my righteous slaves that which no eye has seen no ear has heard and has never crossed the mind of any human being they will be in eternal pleasure in gardens that can present the bounties on the righteous they will be in eternal pleasure on the righteous they will be seated on high couches looking around they are watching and enjoying the bounties of Allah know their faces so you recognize the brightness of delight in their faces you notice a glow of delight in their faces when you look at them they are happy they are happy with the great delight they are happy with what they have what Allah has prepared for them so some faces on the day of judgment what about them some faces will be reflecting light they will be bright they will be rejoicing the good news they will be celebrating those are the people of Tardis so they will be given to drink of pure sealed wine whose seal shall be Allah SWT says the righteous people the winners will have rivers of a lot of things one of them is rivers of wine delicious to those who drink and in that for this reward for this situation for these bounties let the competitors compete let them strive to gain more so the companions of Sayyidina Muhammad SAW when they used to gather they would ask each other how many how many khatmas have you read how many raka'z have you prayed how long did you go for Qiyamul-layt how long did you do that how much time do you spend with Allah SWT how present were you in your prayer for this for the life of this let the workers work let people encourage each other let them compete and strive to gain more and his wife is from Tasneem so he is from Rahiq al-Makhtoun khitam is a mix and in that the competitors and his wife is from Tasneem so this wine which they will be offered is being described it's mixed with Tasneem what is Tasneem why do they drink with this Tasneem is a pure fountain that's coming down from heights which has the most excellent and exalted drink it's a fountain it's a fountain for those who are the nearest to Allah SWT those who were who were who were those wicked non-believers who committed by deeds, evil deeds used to laugh at those who believed they used to laugh at the believers they would mock them they would humiliate them what is their marrubihim yetadha mazoon and whenever those non-believers pass the believers they used to wink one another they mocked the believers with their eye gestures what is and when they return to their kin's false so their own people or the non-believers whoever who are related to or the same religion they would return very happy justing they would go back pleased they did something bad to the believers they made fun of them they would love to talk about what they have done to the believers what is their or them so if those non-believers so the righteous the believers, the good people they would say they have gone astray because they have gone astray by not worshiping the idols and by not worshiping the gods because they left the religion of the fathers and for fathers they abandoned this amazing religion so why are they talking about them like this why are they mocking them why are they doing them they were not sent as watchers or guardians over them Allah SWT has not appointed them as keepers over them so they are not so why are they criticizing them these wrongdoers have not been made responsible for them why have they made them the focus of their attention so what will happen on the day of judgment today on the day of judgment the believers are laughing at non-believers so they would say you are laughing at us in dunya but now it's our turn to laugh at you so those who believed they will be laughing they recline on couches watching enjoying their reward in paradise they are Allah SWT is pleased with them is pleased with them and they are pleased with them they are pleased with the great things with the bounties with the reward that they are living in have the non-believers been duly rewarded what they used to do have they been recompensed for their mockery and belittling of the believers they surely will be paid in full so if we have a general look at the surah we find that Allah SWT has started this surah by talking about those who do bad in measurements who go bad for measuring whether real measuring or whether it's just an image of the measuring so Allah SWT wants to have a strong society and wants to have good believers who believe in the day after and that's why he sent the messengers to explain to his servants what they will expect if they do good or if they do bad we'll go on next week assalamu alaikum


Hello everyone, this is Amit Dan of AmitDan.com Today I'll have another episode of Chromebook Tips and Tricks video and I'll talk about how to restart a Chromebook. So if you remember your Windows laptop or computer you can see that there's a power button from which you have the option to actually restart the computer or laptop but for Chrome operating system or Chromebooks there's no such option but there's a way you can restart your computer and that's what I'll talk about today. So I have this index card where I have all the instructions written up and then we're just going to go over it. So basically there are three ways. The first way that you have to go to notification button or notification section and then you can shut down the computer basically that will work as a restart and the second option is if you hold the power button for three seconds then that works as a way to shut down or restart your Chromebook and then there's another third option which is the you have to hold the refresh button which stays above number 3 and 4 on Chromebook and then if you hit power and then hold it together then it will restart or turn off your computer. So we're going to take a look at all three options one by one so let's just start with the first one. So the first one is the notification button which is going to be right here and I'll just you know bring it a little bit closer so if you go here then you will see that there's a power button right there so let me just put it a little close and you can see that there's this power button and then if you just you know hit it it's going to shut down your Chromebook and then that's once you restart or turn on then that's going to be a way to restart your computer so let's just turn on the Chromebook again then we'll go to the next option so one good thing is that you know I don't have to even login to show you all these features just I can just show you without logging to the computer okay so the second option we're going to use is the power button we're going to be holding on to it for three seconds so for this Chromebook the power button is right here so I'll just hold it for three seconds so let's see one two three and you can see that you know the power is gone now if you restart your Chromebook so that's or if you turn on your Chromebook so that's like you know a restart so we looked at the number two option and then the third option is going to be is that you know you have to hold the refresh button and then hit the power button so the refresh button actually just stays above number three and four so which is number three and four right here and this is the refresh button so I'm going to be holding on to this and hit the power button and see what happens so right now I'm holding the refresh button and then I hit the power button and then you can see that you know the power is gone and we're going to wait if you just showed up so this option actually restarts the Chromebook properly you don't have to do anything else so I like number three option better than number one and two so number one and two it works but you have to manually turn on your Chromebook again but as you just saw that once I do the number three option then the Chromebook restarts itself it just turns out on it by itself you don't have to like you know hit or turn on again so definitely number three option is going to be my option of choice and if you're wondering about how to you know reset your Chromebook or factory reset or like power wash or hard reset then that's a different process and I have a video about that too which you'll find in the description box below thank you for watching this video forget about subscribing to this channel forget about liking this video there will be more videos coming up so I'll see you shortly thank you


I just don't think a Genghis Khan party is in good taste. Oh, hi there. It's me, Pete Leeson. As you probably noticed, the world's a pretty weird place. Okay, an incredibly weird place. Did you know that pre-owned wives were sold at auction in 19th century England? That today, in Liberia, accused criminals sometimes drink poison to determine their fate. How about the fact that for 250 years, Italy criminally prosecuted cockroaches and crickets? I know, it sounds batshit crazy. But what if mankind's most outlandish rituals were in fact ingenious solutions to pressing problems developed by clever people and tailor-made for their time and place? What if, hiding in humanity's seeming senselessness, there was actually a great deal of sense? It turns out there is, and I've got just the tool to help you find it. Not that one. This one. Think in terms of incentives. You know, costs and benefits. Take my friend here. Just earlier today, he was telling me he wants to be a boxer. I pointed out to him that there's a small problem with that. You've got no arms, man. The constraints we face limit our choices. You could be a marathon runner, though. That, he says, would require him to give up his cigars. For him, a major cost. What if I got you that pony you keep going on about? Now he says he wants to know where he can sign up to run. When benefits rise relative to costs and vice versa, we make different choices.  If, like detectives, you can sniff out the incentives inherent in every social practice, my dear Watson's, you'll have seen the sense of it. And the instruction manual for learning how to do so is right here. It's easy once you get the hang of it, not to mention ridiculously fun. Come join WTF's cast of colorful characters on a tour through a museum containing the world's weirdest practices, guided by yours truly. Let me show you how to use the logic of incentives to reveal the hidden sense behind seemingly senseless behavior, including your own. Can you handle getting schooled by the strange? Or hurry, the tour's about to start.


Okay guys, so we have maze home. So you have two steps for this maze to clear. Let's start this out Okay, so I have already finished this. So let's start at the shallow end and This maze is going to be like a projection of what she wants you to see Or what you're seeing right now But take note of the apparent order of things here because you need to clear two types of mazes here So take note of the watch the birthday cake and the bedtime story So those three clues will be your path towards getting out of the first one. So you just have to go through sunrise And after that you have to go to cake here I'm just skipping this guy the story guys because for the benefit of everyone and the last one is This one bedtime Okay, so when you see you skip you have to go back to the door Then you'll be unlocking the second Map that you should be able to complete Let's skip this one You don't leave the maze because if you leave the maze you won't be able to finish or clear everything. So turn back As you turn back then it opens another maze And this one is pretty much straightforward as long as you know The sequence of where to go. So it's going to be here The first one would be a conversation. Just skip this one go straight to the left post Press I think this is an exclamation mark So skip this as well then move up to the second one Then skipping this one as well and go down to the last Exclamation one special exclamation point Skip this as well then return to the conversation in the middle There you go, so she's telling you to leave leave this place as quick as possible and That is what we're going to do The success guys. So both mazes are clear and I'll see you in the next one


So, our program now is focusing on recognition, the process of recognition of customer in the tenure, especially in forest area. We are working on the process of recognition, like including the few words of legislative planning, participatory planning, forest planning, and surveying, mapping of lands, documentation of the rice, you know. The aim is that we will come up with the kind of the legally compliant procedure for recognition of formalizations of the rice in different forest categories that the government can use in the future. So, this is what our work let me focus on right now. So, while we have already done a lot of legislative planning in the villages, and then we re-desize and set up the process for the few words, we introduce the new technologies for the surveying, mappings, like the UAB, and we build the capacity for the government to do this. So, we already set up quite well so that the fewer can start anytime. The big challenges in this area or this topic is that the work, this work by nature is somehow across sector one, especially the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. That's why we need very clear institutional mandates and division of responsibilities and but we grow our coordination and support from the two ministries. So, we work with our partners. We coordinate and cooperate with projects that work in similar areas that have similar initiatives and dimensions, not only as the framework of the processes, but also include support and advice on policy and legal frameworks regarding the customer utility, especially if this is the kind of challenges I call the challenges because now the provisions of the recently promulgated land law and forestry law do not provide enough clarity that the implementations can start. So, a lot of words, a lot of conversations to be had between the ministries and among the international organizations, odd owners organizations to help working on this. So, this is the big challenges I can say in this area, but with the high interest of the area, I truly believe that this efforts would be successful and there would be more people in the future would be recognized, the right of the forest and the customer right would be recognized. So, the Macon Regional Land Forum that are coming now, which will take place next week would be very good event that we can exchange and share our experiences. That's why now I would like to encourage and invite everybody who are interested in this area should participate and do not miss this chance to discuss the topics and the area where it would be relevant to us all and it would be very highly important in the future.


Hello everybody, Fenian's Eye Interviews and today I have here Yaron Brooke. Thank you very much Yaron for coming and I'm just so excited to talk to you I've made a little live stream earlier to talk to people say like you guys know him I have been mentioning him every time I talk to anybody and we end up with morals The big wall of how you get morals if you don't have masters or religious or gods, so Yaron Brooke is a Israeli-American writer interpreter and my question my first question would be an activist is that how Wikipedia Titles you a little in the end Objectivist I'm an objective that wouldn't use low Wikipedia rights about me as the definitive truth about anything So Wikipedia is what other people write. They're not what I write. So yes, I I'm an objectivist Okay, and it's funny because they they they actually titled there as a literary movement and I already Contested that as being a completely wrong title because it's a philosophical so much deeper and explain so much more I think he's trying to undermine it No question. There's no question So a little bit about your books you have the books free market to revolution from 2012 in politics and social science with Don Wattskin And also the equalism fair in 2016 that is America's me get misguided Fight against income inequality. How do you guys write those books together? You guys really see it or is like a letters that you exchange Well when we vote those two books we were working in the same offices So yes, so we worked very closely Out you know coming up with ideas and outlines and editing and Don did almost all the writing and And I did a lot of the editing a lot of the the the ideas in the outline. So yes, it's a lot of back and forth We were in the same office in those years Also, I did the in pursuit of wealth in 2018 and I I would like to ask you a little one Question that I think is the basis of a bit of a left indoctrination on public schools about of social sciences and politics it's Is there a rich class Over everybody oppressing the masses or the majority to to succeed as they try to teach in the schools No, not at all. I mean that is very much a remnant of Marxism which which tries to category people categorize people into classes. There's no such thing as a working class There's no such thing really as a middle class or wealthy class as if everybody's wealthy is the same or everybody's middle class is the same or Everybody's poor is the same Certainly there are people who are rich or bad people are there people who are poor that are bad people But most people who are wealthy Achieve that wealth through hard work and through innovation and through the creation of values and through the production of values and the wealth is just a Some you know an outcome of their successful careers and their successful work and their successful production of values But yes, there are people who inherit their wealth and real lazy They're people who use the government to get their wealth. There are all kinds of wealthy people and that's why There is no real meaning to a class where everybody is the same and again the same thing as poor people There's some people who are poor For no fault of their own because something bad happened to them There's some people who are poor because they deserve to be poor because they they just don't produce so because they're lazy or because they do bad things and so there's it's mixed and you can't judge people and you should never judge an individual by Just independent of all other information by just how much money they have you you've got to know more about them particularly in the world Yeah, definitely and it's funny because in Brazil for example these recent conversations about economics and politics and I just always go back to IRN and I was sharing and watching her this morning a little Summary of all her ideas and how she explained explains We should be secular in the economics to so apart the same way we apart religion from politics We are part economics from politics and it's a difficult idea to Talk about in Brazil when you have so much corporate corporatism and also people Started attacking when they tried to philosophize a little bit more Or don't or don't even try to philosophize but the attack terms as Meritocracy and they think like there's such a thing that is evil Yeah You know the problem is that we live Everywhere and it's not just Brazil we live everywhere in these mixed economies where there's some freedom There's some capitalism and there's a lot of state intervention And then people look at cronyism as if it is a symptom of capitalism But cronyism really is a symptom of the state intervention. The reason there's so much cronyism there's so much involvement of corporations in Brazil It's because government has a lot of power over the corporations in Brazil. So Businesses can get a lot of favors from the government by bribing people by getting involved in elections by Getting involved in politics, but imagine a world and this is the world I'm in talks about Imagine a world that's capitalist and capitalist means that the government is not involved in economics What that means is the government has no favors to give business. It has no goodies It has no special laws special protections to provide business a business You know it gets no benefit from Lobbying or from from trying to bribe politicians because politicians have nothing to give them Because politicians are impotent when it comes to the divorced from economics. They're not related to economics They don't get involved in economics. So as a businessman my only consideration is Production and treating my customers well and treating my employees well so they can produce and make money and make profits from shareholders That's it. You know the government has no role in my life So I don't interfere in what the government in in the government. So cronyism that what you call corporatism all of that is A feature of statism It's a feature of a big government that intervenes in the economy constantly and the more the government intervenes The more business tries to buy favor with the government and what we need is a government that doesn't intervene Definitely one interesting approach of like apparently everybody understand because or even of course more the people that will enter into be small business and feel that That the inequality that the big companies have those benefits from the government is smaller taxes or whatever exemptions or Benefits subsidies and then they feel like oh that is unfair But most of people sometimes in the individual level. They are Voting for the people that promote this type of agenda Mainly because for example in Brazil you have politicians that are the owners of the companies that they were contracting The only way to stop that is to make politicians have no power over business and Of course if you for example if you had no corporate tax Which is the only Which makes complete sense, right? Because corporations don't pay taxes corporations just as people and all the taxes are basically born It turns out by customers and employees So imagine if you had a corporate tax a business tax of zero Then there'd be no exclusions no deductions. No special favors. Nothing them everybody would be saying zero So it's gone. So there's no government involvement So again the more we can get government out of business out of regulating business out of controlling business out of owning business and out of taxing business They'll that morning the less the incentive of business to go and lobby the less the incentive to try to manipulate The less the incentive for businessmen to become politicians right, so the only way to get Business out of government is to get government out of business. That's right. Thank you very much Let me just brush a little bit on the USA politics What are your thoughts about this double-state solution and the if you know Trump's actions on Israel? politics external politics recently in his Monday, so more generally what what exactly do you want me to come? Yeah, yeah, what is your opinion as Israeli-American? Person I mean opinion in general and what? How do you see what he has done so far? I mean, I don't think a two-state solution is a solution in Israel. It the place is too small And in the population is too intermingled in the end Ultimately the solution will be one some kind of one-state solution And and that one-state solution will have to involve the Palestinians accepting the existence of Israel and accepting the fact that they are Many many that they're Jews there that you know They've always wanted to kick out and they wanted to get rid of it requires their acceptance of that in order to have any kind of solution I think overall Trump's policies towards Israel have been positive. It's one area where Trump is as I think done Good things. I don't think it'll be lasting because while he's lost the election now So his administration is out But overall I think his policies have been positive towards Israel moving the embassy to Jerusalem is something they should have done years and years ago telling the Palestinians that You know to stop the violence and that they won't you know, they won't be recognized and they won't be And unless they recognize Israel is a good thing He did offer a peace plan which I thought was not very good It acknowledged the two-state solution which I thought was weak But overall, I think his policies have been with regards to Israel have been favorable to Israel That's right. Yeah, I was more interested to know if you think that is possible And it always depends of course if we have some type of consensual peace and I Agree with you to not deal with the terrorism, but hopefully It could find some type of a government that could fit both sides No, just like Republicans and Democrats that is not supposed to be from one It's not supposed to be the power in one's side hand Well, ideally The Palestinians come around to accepting Israel and adopt what you would consider, you know western ideas And ultimately there would be a One state in it one state in the in that territory and it won't be an Arab party and a Jewish party It'll be parties designated by ideas and You know, there'll be Arabs on the right and Arabs on the left and they'll be Jews on the right Jews on the left and they'll And they'll or whatever the the categories are and they'll fight it out politically Uh, so so yes, that is the idea. But unfortunately, I don't think the Palestinians are ready for that And I'm and I'm not sure some of the Israelis are ready for that, but it's overall I think we're far away From having a final peaceful solution to what is going on in Israel Sadly, yeah, that's that the hopefully Yeah, if you can if you can't they can change the battle to the political political maybe parliament It should be in parliament They should have political parties should run But the problem is that in the world in which we live where people are very are becoming more and more tribal The fear is that that the Arabs will only vote for Arab candidates and the Jews will only vote for Jewish candidates And that is You know, we need to resurrect. We need to bring about Real individualism where people don't feel like they're just members of a tribe But they have autonomy and they have confidence in themselves as individual Individuals and and where the government sees individuals as ending themselves And unfortunately the Palestinians certainly don't have that but even the Israelis Don't have that mentality. There's way too much collectivism and there's way too much tribalism In israel and in the bottom at least Yeah, in the end always end up with objective Objectivism and individualism is the best answer for everything. So could you give a A type of an objective analysis of what you think it the usa elections now and it's integrity Let's Well, I don't think there was any problem with the u.s. Election I think the problem is with trump not willing to accept the fact that he lost And trump voters not willing to accept and basically trump voters Doing whatever trump tells them to do that is this again This is the tribalism and this is the collectivism involved. It's it's It's my tribe versus your tribe and I you know, my tribe couldn't have lost and if it lost It was cheating involved. That's that's kind of the the logic so I think trump lost. I think in a sense It's good that he lost. I think it's a it was a repugiation of his style of Governance and the content of his governance Republicans did well In the rest of the races. So they did well in the house. They did relatively well in the senate And even in ballot initiatives in places like california The better ideas did well. It's just that trump didn't do well But trump can't Psychologically can't admit that he has lost. He got it. What about the evidence of frauds like he did extra No, they were like 800,000 extra ballots counted like it from registration to None of that all the the other states that are Uh, you know Swing them now. Yeah, they're suing at the supreme court and my I I would bet anything that the supreme court the video evidence Of people pulling ballots under the tables and stuff like that You think that is like a puncture like if there was such a net because there are those those evidence those those evidence Not important video evidence But the video evidence is all being debunked. It's all being debunked It's all nonsense and every time it goes in front of a judge the judge throws it out because it's nonsense So there's no objective evidence I'm just a little skeptical because i'm not left or right, but i'm more Sentenced that to watch like I understand that This judge throwing away could be biased Uh, uh, some of the judges were pointed by trump Um, there's no evidence zero evidence of bias by these judges I haven't seen a single article that is that is convincingly Made the case that the judges are biased and you will see I this is my you will you'll be able to judge this This is my prediction the supreme court will Will rule against these states and they'll probably do it unanimously or seven to you know Eight to one or seven or two. It will be an overwhelming defeat against trump. There is no credible evidence That there was systematic fraud in this election now was there fraud here fraud there sure every election There are specific cases of fraud. Is there systemic fraud that would overturn this election? Zero none and the supreme court will rule that way and they'll rule that way fairly quickly I think by the weekend we will know and they will basically take the tell these states to stop it and and to get their act together and uh, that they that there's no basis for any of this and uh on december 20th, I think it is or whenever it is the uh, the Electoral college will vote joe biden in as presidents. Uh, and that'll be the end of it Yeah, I think it's what everybody wants to see is the ante and the at least It's the right outcome because that's what's happened again There's no evidence of systemic fraud all this all these videos have been debunked all these ideas that there are I just saw like people because I like to pick on both sides. I watch like from ben Shapiro to Crowder I get it going through a lot and uh, for example, like for example, crowder is uh, uh, He's of course job supporter Uh, and I don't even follow in recently anymore But I received the video that he actually made Showing that he voted He voted into states because you can yourself check your vote and a lot of people have been checking for example fracas or Or or even crowder and other people checking as like They have been registered voting in two places when they did not hide or so There is like personal not just personal experience, but uh, they were uh The number of the ballots that were required before election and the number of ballots that were counted in the end of the election There is a difference of seven to eight hundred thousand I don't believe them and I don't believe crowder and I don't believe his video And he he is out to get views and he's out to get people to watch him and he's out to create They're making stuff like that is easy to do and I don't trust them. I don't believe them and uh And yeah, so so no, I I I see I've seen nothing credible To suggest that there was systemic fraud in this election or that the election should be or will be overturned And again, every single judge it's looked at Is thrown it out every single judge we're talking about You know a lot of judges And not a single one of them even brought it to trial because they thought it was so flimsy And so ridiculous in terms of the evidence And our judicial system is not that corrupt so that you know, all of them are participating in some conspiracy to No, I understand that I've heard other arguments on that sense, but definitely it's like not going full on defending it I'm just like very curious that there is so much Uh, because I heard like a first argument was like, oh, there he is, uh, let's say When we can't we recount the votes we have sometimes a difference, but that doesn't exceed 128 apparently was a number like that 228 But now they had states that they had thousands like thousands of Difference and and I was like, wow that is it's pretty big. It goes over the line that they say it's Acceptable and that is not why widespread None of that is true. That's all like a myth. I gave planted evidence recounted in wisconsin They recounted in in georgia twice. They did a recount twice in georgia and it was very little difference So no, I mean, I I don't know where any of this is going the glitch on the system. None of this. This is all, uh, conspiracy theory It's all made up. It's not even a conspiracy It's somebody sat in the room and said i'm gonna make something up and they make it up There were stories about a computer super computer in germany This story is about venezuela This story is uh, you know with dominion. All of this is yeah, no, I heard the venezuela nonsense It's all just made up Okay, so let's talk now. We still have 20 minutes. I'm just checking on your luck Uh to talk I would love to talk a little bit and explain a bit of Objectivism and maybe talk a little bit against these strong men's and myths that people construct over Objectivism. I love the video that you the bank the The terrible the bank the the the terrible video of a ben Shapiro talking I think it was with david rubin and that he actually I almost felt personally offended With him saying that ions man philosophies garbage. I would like no he should retreat that And uh and explain to many people that how selfishness is the best way and principle that we honestly live our our lives and Because a lot of people have seen trying to understand objectiveism and rejecting when they face that it's like oh, of course not being Selfish will be the best way And I have a brush that or talked about that quite a while. I would like to see you presenting that to people, please Yes, I mean first of all you have to understand what selfishness means I mean to iron man in iron man's philosophy selfishness doesn't mean The lying cheating stealing being being bad, you know, uh, horrible to other people Are being a nasty human being selfishness means That your top priority in life is your own happiness. It's your own success as a human being It's living to the best of your ability and making the most of your life And other people are obviously a part of being successful in life. We trade We have relationships. We have friends. We have lovers. We we have We have a lot of interaction with other people and In order to benefit from those interactions with other people you want to make those interactions Beneficial to you and beneficial to them So, uh, the way in which to view the relationship between you and other people is through the the the Frame of as a trader somebody who trades value for value Win win. So, you know, the way a selfish person interacts with other people is to create win win relationships with them And a good life is one one of the aspects of a good life is one in which you maximize the win win relationships That you have in life So to be self-interested to be selfish is to take your life seriously to make the most of it and what is required To make the most of your own life. Well, the primary thing that's required is for you to use your mind It's the thing it's to figure out. How should I live life? so as to Achieve my values and so as to uh to ultimately be happy and what values should I choose In order to make my life successful In order for me to both enjoy my life to have it fulfilled to flourish as a human being I need to choose the right values And I need to make sure those values all consistent in leading me towards happiness leading me towards success So the primary thing that objectivism asks people In the context of being selfish is to think to think about how what your values should be How you want to live your life and how to maximize Your one life on this earth or one shot that you have it's living your life and achieving happiness and pursuing The values that rationally are going to lead to that happiness. So Again, it's it's too many myths about what selfishness is. There's too much You know this perception that you either live for other people Or you're a lying cheating crook And the truth is that there's a third alternative and that is to live for yourself rationally With long-term consideration to what will lead to your happiness your success your flourishing as a human being Yeah, and I I love to always talk to people to say like it It's just natural that because a lot of people want to attack this There is no such of objective morality as there is no such a thing as we all come born with such a A pattern to behave and I say no because this is learned by experience by living and it's pretty early when you learn that Love is not unconditional. You have to be good to people For them to be good back to you and you can choose to cheat or steal But you're going to be clandestine. You're going to have to live in the periphery of the society and That is definitely objectively not a best way to live So yeah, be good and people will be good to you. So I think it's uh In some way it is intuitive But requires a lot of reason To understand that you don't need much more than that to just be good and not do to other people What you would not like them to do to you. I think that's right, but to be selfish requires a lot more than that Because yes, so I I think there's there's a certain basic understanding that most people have That lying stealing and cheating are bad But morality is not about what you shouldn't do morality is about what you should do And what you should do and how you should live your life is not intuitive It is something that you have to figure out and it's just something you have to really think about And this is the value of philosophy philosophy is something that can teach you It's a it's a it's a subject matter that should teach you How to live your life well Philosophers look at the world They study human nature. They study history. They study human action and what they can induce is What are the values that are necessary for human success? What are the values that are universal to all human beings? That are common to all human beings that if all human beings pursue these things They will be successful. They will achieve happiness. They will be They will achieve, you know flourishing and and success of life That's what philosophers do. That's what I enranded and ran presents us with a with an ethical theory Based on observation of reality based on understanding of of human nature Based on understanding of human reason and its world that it plays in human life and it's a philosophy that if you Practice it guides you towards success as a human being and that should be the purpose of every morality A moral coach should be a system of values that tells you what's good And what's bad and to avoid the bad and to pursue the good and but good for whom and for what? Good for you and for a good for a life for a life well lived for happiness so You know, and that's why Morality is objective because morality is derived from reality. It's derived from human nature derived from the nature of reality derived from understanding of human activity and and what leads to success and what leads to failure for human beings, so it's not subjective and it It's it's not, you know, uh, uh, mystical because there is no nothing mystical. So Uh, all there is is reality and and the only place on which we can derive a proper morality Is from reality and from our understanding of of again human nature and the nature of reality Yeah, that is definitely a good topic I would like to just bring that back to say to try to explain that What you said is like there is no such a supernatural and The only problem is like a lot of people don't understand how to explain the feelings That you have when you do good things You know this I I have used recently the term social endorphin because again, why would I do charity? It's like, why do we do we do it? We should not be forced to do and that goes a little back on the economics and politics But uh, it's showing how philosophically you you should To love or to give away and the value is Created by the individual so it requires the struggle of each one of us But I would even say that we get too much endorphins from charity and we get those endorphins because We've been taught a bad philosophy We've been taught that the most virtuous thing you can do in life is to help other people But that's not true. That's not the most useful thing the best thing you can do in life But if you taught it and you turn it make it a part of you Then that'll shape your emotions and you'll get positive emotions from bad things And so people self-sacrifice And they feel good about it, but that's not good to self-sacrifice it as bad Even if it's voluntary You won't know If you get good feelings from charity Until you adopt the right values until you adopt the right philosophy the right set of ideas I get some positive endorphins from some charity a lot of it. I don't a lot of it's just a nuisance Because I know how wasteful charity is I know how useless charity is I know how distorted charity is and I know that charity is not that important That what's important is my work. What's important is my relationships with other people What's important is my own integrity and honesty and my own rationality Those are the things that really give me the importance and charity is like, you know, yes I don't have any objection to charity charity is nice to do Uh, if you have the time and if you have the money to do it, but it's not a priority It's altruism. It's the philosophy that teaches you that your life doesn't matter The only purpose of your life is to serve others Then when I give to other people I go, oh, wow, I'm such a good person now But with my philosophy Charity doesn't make me a good person. It doesn't make me a good person What makes me a good person is how I live on a day-to-day basis So our emotions follow our ideas Our conclusions our values If we have the wrong values, we will have positive emotions over bad things The idea is first to focus on your ideas Focus on your philosophy focus on your values And then your emotions will adapt will adjust and you'll start feeling Good consistent with your values if you do the kind of psychological introspective work that is necessary Yeah, no, I understand that but I I also think there is it could be It could be also like there is more than just the social inner thing that doing that that is like more and a Volutive interaction and that's what's built us as society. So it's like it's not just based on the altruism That's it. Oh, you have to do charity use your time Well, you know, like I saw just a post about how you have to take care of your physical and your mental And it's like exercise and then read and then there is a third one that would be spiritual And in this pre ritual they put Pray meditation and then after they put Then they put the real things they put crafting music arts And then charity and I was like, I always talked against the church in general as institutions because I always thought people in brazil spend way too much time praying When they could get together and do charity, it would be much better Or maybe instead of praying instead of praying they could actually think They could use they could actually focus on values instead of praying for something go work for it That I think would be would be would be a big improvement But but let's be clear again charity is not that important for your spiritual health You know arts and music very important. Those are real values charity is You know And also because I think like we are we are naturally in that sense of doing Giving charity and I don't think the charity should be like a charity from Poor people trying to give to church for example when they make so little and they still take like that 10 percent Give to church like they do in brazil. I don't agree with that I think like I said charity should be something that I have so much in evidence of time and money I'm gonna give away because I understand there are people that are in need and and I understand also like it because Everybody had I believe some if you give for charity You have that experience that someone in across the line you like that person definitely doesn't deserve anymore He's taking charity for like 10 years Let's say and this happens all the time in brazil There are people that start when this the government start giving the money to people to see today Receiving because they did not want to even make more money to not lose those Those charities. So I understand how charity is evil. Uh, it is bad in the ultimate sense Your video is also, uh, and there are so many other good videos talking about this But I think that is natural that we would end up giving and also Generating some type of feedback to yeah, we don't want to give to people that they just want to collect In a good society in a free society people would need very much. They wouldn't be a need for much charity And people would feel ashamed about collecting Because they would be they would be proud of the ability to work for themselves and and uh, and that's how it needs to be in america We need to just inject more individualism and people to be proud of their own work and their creator their own value I'm not going to hold you much more. So I'm going to finish here. You guys go check out yaron's books and iron rand institute irons books and Leonard pickoff that I love his books as well explained so well iron rand and I hope to have you at some point sometime again So happy to and don't forget to send people to uh, to subscribe to my youtube channel. You can watch me on youtube yaron brook show I'll put the link here down below and you guys leave comments and questions can leave questions I'll pass to yaron and maybe we can make another meeting sounds good. Thank you very much. Bye