Meantime, the Christian Association of Nigeria can advise Nigerians to continue praying for peace for the well-being of the nation. National President Bishop Samuel Ayokone gave the advice on Friday while speaking to journalists in Enogo State. Ayokone, who was represented by the Director of Planning and Social Welfare, Bishop Stephen Adigbete urged the government to refer to all Nigerians. The president also mentioned that the association stood by the decision of the governor of southern Nigeria, banning open grazing in their states.


Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States and the Attorney General. Ladies and gentlemen, please be seated. Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of the South Florida Federal Task Force, I welcome you all here this morning. It's my personal privilege to be able to introduce the distinguished guests on the dais. First Attorney General, the Honorable William French Smith. Senator from the State of Florida, the Honorable Paula Hawkins. The Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. John M. Walker, Jr. The Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Mr. James Juliana. And the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, John Harrington. Mr. President, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. The success which the South Florida Task Force has achieved is due to three principal ingredients. First, Mr. President, your personal commitment and leadership and that of the Vice President. The dedication and hard work of hundreds of federal, state and local law enforcement and other criminal justice professionals. And third, the support and encouragement of the entire South Florida community. That community support has been marshaled by the Miami Citizens Against Crime, the MCAC. The MCAC is truly a classic example of a concerned citizenry rising in righteous indignation to address a serious community problem. Mr. President, it gives me great pleasure to introduce the Chairman of the Miami Citizens Against Crime, a man I have learned to know and deeply respect for his leadership and his commitment to this community. Mr. Alva Chapman. Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen, 12 months ago, two million Americans living in South Florida were living in fear. We were afraid to go on our streets in the evening. Our children were afraid to go to school. Even the court observers were afraid to go to the courthouse to observe trials. On January 28th, President Reagan responded to this concern and fear of Americans with a courageous and a bold initiative to bring the full leadership of the federal government to address this problem. This magnificent federal response gave credibility to the concerns of Americans in South Florida. And this federal response set into motion a citizens coalition that has indeed produced a miracle in Miami. The bold, courageous federal response produced a state response. Wherein in 1982, in an election year, and against the initial desires of almost all of the state leaders of Florida, a $700 million increase in sales tax was passed by the legislature to protect the lives of Floridians and to make the largest commitment to strengthening the criminal justice system in this state that has been made in its history. And this federal response set in motion a magnificent local response. In the budget year of 1982 and 83, there will be more police officers protecting the citizens of Dade County, the greatest increase in police officers in the history of this community. And only a few influx is down that the morale of the citizens of South Florida is up. The hope of South Floridians is up. Our lives lived in freedom are a brighter prospect than they were 12 months ago. And for this, we're grateful to the leadership of President Reagan, who has indeed made this miracle in Miami possible. Ladies and gentlemen, I give you the President of the United States. Thank you all very much. Thank you. Thank you very much, Mr. Chapman. I'm delighted to be here in the prosperous and lovely state of Florida. And I'm especially delighted to meet with those of you who are doing so much to keep it that way. Here at Homestead Air Force Base, we see visible evidence of the federal commitment to the war on criminal drug smuggling in South Florida. Under the leadership of Vice President George Bush, as you've just heard with the help of his Chief of Staff Admiral Dan Murphy and the Task Force Director Charles Rankovich, the federal government has also brought in additional prosecutors and judges, extra courtrooms, and hundreds of new investigators. But most important, for the first time, we have brought together the resources of the many agencies of the federal government. As I was briefly knowing that you were waiting, looking at that exhibit over there, those emblems, and the emblems of the various agencies and departments that are all united in this particular program, from customs to the Drug Enforcement Agency to the FBI and to many others, all to assist you in a coordinated and concentrated attack on the powerful, highly organized criminal rings that deal in illegal drug trade. We've also mobilized the Navy, the Army, and the Coast Guard resources to assist in the interdiction of these drugs. And we appreciate the assistance we've received from Caribbean nations, especially the Bahamas. They've made a significant contribution, and we look forward to their continued cooperation in this effort. There's no question that the South Florida Task Force has been a clear and unqualified success. Since its inception, drug-related arrests in the area covered by the Task Force are up 27 percent. Drug seizures are up about 50 percent. In the area that's covered by the Task Force, the amount of marijuana seized is increased by 35 percent, the amount of cocaine by 56 percent, and the street value of all these drugs is estimated at more than an incredible $3 billion. The Task Force shows what can be achieved when local, state, and federal authorities cooperate closely. The South Florida Task Force is a brilliant example of working federalism. An illustration of how the genius of our political system created more than 200 years ago can still be harnessed to serve the interests of the people and to attack the social problems that confront them. One of the most astute commentators on our political system more than 100 years ago was a Frenchman who came here attracted by what was going on in this country, Alexis de Tocqueville. He said, There is an amazing strength in the expression of the will of a people, and when it declares itself, even the imagination of those who wish to contest it is overawed. Well, let no one doubt that this is the real story behind the success of the South Florida Task Force. I don't have to tell you how bad conditions were only a year ago. I don't have to remind you of the growth in crime, the increase in violence, and the gang killings. The citizens of Florida, of Dade County and of Miami took upon themselves the duty of combating crime and the drug menace. They made this fight their fight. They brought it into their homes and schools and churches and community organizations. The tour that we've just taken over here, the exhibits we've seen, the dedicated men and women that we've met are a tribute to your efforts and to the willingness of so many of you to take time out of busy lives and do something extraordinary for your community and your country. You demanded action from the elected officials at all levels. You saw those demands met not only at the federal level, but by local and state authorities who agreed to spend millions more for policemen, prosecutors, judges, and prisons. Through the wide range of self-help measures, you mobilized all the resources of home, neighborhood, and community for the battle against drug smugglers and their criminal associates. And in doing all this, you tapped the real strength of our political system, the spirit, energy, and will of everyday people who, acting through their private social institutions, as well as their political system, achieved far more than any government planner or bureaucratic dreamer could ever hope to achieve. Now, this is not to say the battle is won. The influx of drugs into South Florida and other areas of the nation is still a serious problem. Much of the work against this menace lies ahead of us. But the measure of your initial success here is not just found in the statistics that I cited. The measure of that success is also found in what we at the federal level, inspired by your example and your leadership, are now setting out to do. A month ago in Washington, I was pleased to announce a sweeping nationwide anti-crime initiative developed by Attorney General William French Smith. Based largely on the example, it was set by you who were responsible for the South Florida Task Force. This initiative will establish 12 new regional task forces, which like yours bring together all our resources to combat the major drug traffic and the crime problems in those areas. It will bring 1,000 new investigators to the fight against illegal drugs and other forms of organized crime. It will also increase the ranks of federal prosecutors by 200, a significant increase over the current strength of organized crime strike forces. As I said before, our goal is cracking down not only on the drug trade, but on all organized criminal syndicates that have been permitted to exist in America for far too long. We will soon appoint a Presidential Commission on Organized Crime with a three-year mandate to conduct region-by-region hearings on the influence and impact of organized crime throughout America. We're inaugurating a special governor's project to mobilize the nation's governors in this battle and to provide for additional cooperation between state and federal authorities. We're establishing a new cabinet-level committee on organized crime and a sub-cabinet working group to bring together representatives from many federal agencies and coordinate their work. We're also establishing a new federal program in Glencoe, Georgia for advanced training for local and state law enforcement agents in combating the new and more sophisticated forms of crime. We will open a new legislative offensive to bring about approval for reform in criminal statutes dealing with bail, sentencing, criminal forfeiture, the exclusionary rule, and labor racketeering. Incidentally, let me just give you an example of sometimes hearing that term, the exclusionary rule. This is a rule. It isn't a law. It's case law. It was a judicial decision once made that now has evidence thrown out of court if they feel there was some technical violation in the way that the evidence was obtained. And I'll give you a classic example of how foolish we can be in our adherence to technicalities. In my own state of California, a few years ago, two narcotics agents had enough evidence to get a search warrant for a home where they believed the man and woman, the husband and wife there were engaged in the narcotics trade. They came in with their warrant. They searched this house, found nothing, and as they were leaving on a hunch, one of them turned back to the baby in the crib and looked in his diapers. And there was the heroin. The evidence thrown out of court because the baby hadn't given its permission to be searched. And the couple went free. Well, we're going to have some powerful new weapons now in the battle against organized crime and especially the drug trade. Finally, new financial resources will be allocated for prison and jail facilities so the mistake of releasing dangerous criminals because of overcrowded prisons will not be repeated. Now, there are those, of course, who say the program is too ambitious and who point to failed efforts in the past and predict our certain failure in the future. No government can ever fully eliminate crime or the human impulses that lead to it, but your South Florida task force proves that we have the will and the resources to break up organized crime. Syndicates that for too long have been the terrible blot on our nation's history. I repeat what I said when I announced this program. Our goal is to break the power of the mob in America and nothing short of it. We mean to end their profits, imprison their members, and cripple their organizations. And if anyone doubts what federal, state, and local authorities working with the support of the people can achieve, let them come to South Florida to Dade County and to my Emmy and to see here what we've seen today. Aroused citizens and responsive officials who mean to make their county, their state, their cities a place where decent, law-abiding people can live without being victimized by career criminals and professional wrongdoers. We especially need the support of all of you here today for the legislative part of this initiative. During talks with the Justice Department, prosecutors in the field, Associate Attorney General Rudy Giuliani reports that doing something about our lax bail and parole systems and criminal forfeiture laws is constantly mentioned as effective crime-fighting reforms. I wonder how many of you know that we have already proposed to the Congress reforms in these areas that would make life much tougher for the professional criminal. I wonder how many of you know that parole reform passed the Senate by a vote of 95 to 1, that bail reform passed the Senate by a vote of 95 to 1, and that strengthened criminal forfeiture laws passed the Senate by a vote of 95 to 1. And I wonder how many of you know that in the House of Representatives, our crime package has remained bottled up in committee. The Congress owes it to the American people to act on these proposals and on the rest of our anti-crime agenda. Today I ask for your support and the support of the American people in urging the Congress to take immediate action on this program. I know the support will be forthcoming. What you've done here in South Florida is one example of how seriously people take the issue of crime and the extent to which they're willing to go to do something about it. I'm especially pleased that Senator Paula Hawkins could be with us here today. She's one of the 95. Now what you've done here is an inspiration to those of us in Washington and to all of your countrymen. And today on their behalf, I want to thank you, promise you our continued support for your efforts to make America's homes and neighborhoods safe again. We're going to get the job done between all of us. Thank you for being here and again God bless you all.


It kind of seems as if Dave Rubin's grift is starting to fall apart a little bit I don't think it's gonna hurt him financially in any way shape or form But I think that he's kind of inadvertently revealing himself and part of this is his own Problem, right? He had so much more room for his grift to grow what he still identified as a liberal but he came out as a conservative and As a conservative you have to say certain things There's this expectation that you will toe the line But if they think that you're a liberal or a classical liberal you have more room to kind of reason your way out of difficult situations so let me give you a couple of examples of that he was on a television show and he was debating someone and she asked for his vaccination status they were debating vaccines and vaccine mandates I'm assuming and Watch the way he melts down like a triggered little snowflake. I'll tell you why he got so offended Yes, children could transmit the disease although they rarely do but the parents are all vaccinated if they're good decent citizens So I don't really understand the connection actually. Are you a good decent citizen? Are you vaccinated? It's nobody's business whether I'm not I did that's like you the last time you got laid. I mean, it's just irrelevant. All right So, you know, what's really relevant is that it's one thing if you have the right Nor yours is mine let clear finish that hit a nerve He did not want to answer that question and I think we all know the reason for that. It's because Dave Rubin is vaccinated Dave Rubin is vaccinated a hundred percent The second he was able to get the vaccine when he was eligible He was first in line guarantee it because he knows that the vaccines are safe and effective But he doesn't want his audience to know that and that's why he's pushing this line. Oh, it's nobody's business whether I'm vaccinated That's like asking me when's the last time you got laid Is it though? Because I don't think that that's the same thing.  Why did you get the vaccine and the more smart people in his audience? There's not many of them, but the more smart ones might put two into together and think wait, maybe this person is Not walking the walk because what he's saying is bullshit Maybe he's telling me what he thinks I want to hear and maybe the vaccine actually is good Maybe I should get the vaccine because he got it.  It's not because it's a deeply personal thing to him He doesn't care that much. He just doesn't want to give up the game, right? And this is why I say that he had a lot more room for his grift to grow had he remained a public liberal I don't think that Dave Rubin really has an actual political ideology that he cares deeply about he's just gonna follow the money and wherever that leads him whatever makes him the most dollars but I Think that if he pretended to be a liberal he could then say look as a liberal I got the vaccine But I'm for people making their own medical decisions. I'm for medical freedom.  I mean look I am more than willing to disclose my vaccination status I am fully vaccinated probably so and that doesn't impact My viewership at all, right? You know that I'm vaccinated. You know where I stand entirely I got the vaccine because I know it's safe and effective and I want you to get the vaccine Because I want you to protect yourself and those around you I also support vaccine mandates because it's either we mandate vaccines or We have basically this permanent state of plague because anti-vaxxers who are misinformed by people like Dave Rubin Tucker Carlson Jimmy door they would keep us in a prolonged state of plague forever If that were possible because they know that anti-vaccine misinformation if you're mongering about the code the 19 Vaccines all of that is very very lucrative. You can monetize that on YouTube and Facebook whatever platform they're using and you know you you build up support and trust among your right-wing audience So they love that but um listen, this is how you know that Dave Rubin is A total fraud because he's using one set of talking points to describe the vaccines When this whole freedom talk contradicts what he says So he was on a libertarian podcast and they question him. Why are you Talking about personal liberty as it relates to vaccines if you're not in favor of legalizing drugs I thought this this was about bodily autonomy and individual liberty Take a look. He has no idea how to respond So you describe yourself as a classical liberal Um and as such you're against i'm assuming Mandating masks and vast vaccines Even if they can be effective in Protecting public health because that would interfere with personal liberties of what to do with your body and life Yet in your book you oppose the legalization of schedule one drugs because addiction hurts communities Why are you willing to sacrifice the civil liberties? Uh in some in one case For the public good, but not in the other so when I talk about the drug part. It's like yeah, i'm for Legalizing marijuana. I'm not for mandating that everyone smokes it. I'm for legalizing Most psychedelics, but then there's another class of drugs basically that are so highly addictive We all know about i'm sure you guys cover the the fentanyl problem We have in the united states the heroin problem I was just in new york city the amount of people that you see on the streets that are just laying there That are obviously on drugs you go to san francisco I mean go to most progressive cities that you just unfortunately have to balance People's ability to make choices for themselves with some level of public good Here's the thing vince and david like the classical liberal position is that individual liberty is paramount and There's nothing more That has to do with your own liberties and freedoms is what to do with your own body So if you are going to say that I can't ingest whatever it is in my body I think the classical liberal position would be where does it stop? Can I not drink a big gulp because you know it may harm my body and they say sugar is addictive Where where does this actually stop? So my question to david is really about What how he identifies as a classical liberal or or even a libertarian when you're saying That there should be these strict guardrails and then again when we're talking about ingesting drugs That's what i'm putting into my own body But when we're talking about covet that is something that could affect the people around me So that's a little bit different and and so i'm trying to understand how it is you marry those things That was embarrassing And whenever dav rubin is challenged even slightly his entire worldview just collapses Which is why he doesn't usually bring on people Who's gonna challenge him and it's not just that he gets embarrassed when he brings on other people who at least Are more intellectually curious and honest and know what they're talking about He embarrasses himself on a daily basis. Here's another example of him Just saying the most idiotic thing he could think of Some people who don't even work in offices nor ever have worked in offices because they won't get jabbed I got an email from a guy who's a hospital administrator who has been working at home in his basement for years before Covid he has now been laid off Give up a few more of your rights guys. Why not, you know Give them access to your bank accounts and your phone records and all that stuff It's for your own good. They're looking for somebody a bad person, you know So just give up some of your rights and don't worry I just don't know How anyone could take dav rubin seriously even right wingers if I were a right winger I would feel insulted. I would feel like this man was pandering to me. I would feel like he's trying to insult my intelligence But most right wingers to be frank are rubes and they just want to be told What they want to hear they just want their worldview to be reinforced That's why they tune into people like dav rubin and Tucker Carlson So I'll leave that there dav rubin's grift It's kind of unraveling. It's kind of unraveling and it's kind of uncomfortable to watch because we know that he's vaccinated We know that deep down if you really could hook him up to a lie detector tester or give him a truth serum He would say yes the vaccines are safe and effective because that's what facts dictate. I mean that's that's objectively Objectively true, but he's not going to tell his right wing audience that Because then he looks like a fraud and I love this whenever there's an opportunity to expose or embarrass dav rubin Somebody should take that opportunity because this man spreads of misinformation He monetizes hate and the spread of bigotry And misinformation and overall he doesn't believe a single word That's coming out of his mouth. He's making the world Or making the country rather a worse place And he's doing this because it's profitable.


In non-corruptive game theory, the focus is on the agents in the game and the strategies that optimise their payoffs, which results in some form of equilibrium. As we can see in the Prisoner's Dilemma game, the issue arises in that what turns out to be the equilibrium is suboptimal for all the agents when taken as a whole. One way of defining what we mean by suboptimal for all is the idea of Pareto optimality. Pareto optimality is a measurement for efficiency named after Vilfredo Pareto. Whereas Nash Equilibrium is a solution concept of non-corruptive games, Pareto optimality in game theory answers a very specific question of whether an outcome can be better than any other. Pareto optimality is a notion of efficiency or optimality for all the members involved. An outcome of a game is Pareto optimal if there is no other outcome that makes every player at least as well off, and at least one player strictly better off. That is to say, a Pareto optimal outcome cannot be improved upon without hurting at least one player. To illustrate this, let's take the game called the Stag Hunt, wherein two individuals go out on a hunt. Each can individually choose to hunt a stag or hunt a hare. Each player must choose an action without knowing the choice of the other. If an individual hunts a stag, they must have the cooperation of their partner in order to succeed. An individual can get a hare by themselves, but a hare is worth less than a stag. In this stag hunt game, there is a single outcome that is Pareto efficient, which is the option where they both hunt stags. With this outcome, both players receive a payoff of three, which is each player's largest possible payoff for the game. In this case, we cannot switch to any other outcome and make at least one party better off without making everyone worse off. The stag option is here the only Pareto optimal outcome. One of the features of a Nash Equilibrium is that in general, it does not correspond to a socially optimal outcome. That is to say, for any given game, it is possible for all the players to improve their payoffs by collectively agreeing to choose a strategy different from the Nash Equilibrium. The reason for this is that some players may choose to deviate from the agreed upon cooperative strategy after it has been made in order to improve their payoff further at the expense of the group. A Pareto optimal equilibrium describes a social optimum in the sense that no individual can improve their payoff without making at least one other player worse off. Pareto optimality is not a solution concept, but it can be an important attribute in determining what solution the players should play or learn to play over time. This is the interesting thing about the prisons dilemma that all options are Pareto optimal except for the unique equilibrium, which is for both players to defect. This strong contrast between Pareto optimality and Nash Equilibrium is what makes the prisons dilemma a central object of study and game theory. The fact that all of the overall efficient outcomes are the ones that do not occur in equilibrium makes it a classic illustration of the core dynamic between cooperation and competition. And this is a good segue into the next section of the course where we will be talking about the dynamics of cooperation, where we will be looking specifically at the overall outcome instead of optimizing just individual payoffs.


Statistics and Excel. Wages, data, box plot or box and whiskers versus histogram. Get ready, taking a deep breath, holding it in for 10 seconds, looking forward to a smooth soothing Excel. First, a word from our sponsor. Well, actually, these are just items that we picked from the YouTube shopping affiliate program, but that's actually good for you because these aren't things that were just given to us from some large corporation, which we don't even use in exchange for us selling them to you. These are things that we actually researched, purchased and used ourselves. Acer 27 inch monitor. I've been using an Acer monitor as my primary monitor for a few years now. This is the first Acer monitor that I have used after having used a series of different brands of monitors in the past. The Acer monitor has been performing well and I'm trusting the Acer brand more and more as I use the monitor. I have a 27 inch monitor, which I think is ideal for what I do, which is of course the screen recording and the editing. If you would like a commercial free experience, consider subscribing to our website at accountinginstruction.com or accountinginstruction.thinkific.com, where we have many different courses you can purchase one at a time or have a subscription model, giving you access to all the courses, courses which are well organized, have other resources like Excel files and PDF files to download and no commercials. Here we are in Excel. If you don't have access to this workbook, that's okay. You can either go back to a prior presentation where we basically built this practice problem from a blank sheet starting with a blank sheet from there, or you can create your own data set as we focus in on the creation of a histogram for this part of the practice problem. If you do have access to this workbook, there's three tabs down below. Example, practice blank. Example, in essence, answer key. Practice having pre-formatted cells in it so you can focus on the heart of the presentation. The blank tab is where we build everything from, in essence, a blank sheet with just some raw data to start out with. Let's go to the example on the left-hand side. In prior presentations, we're taking our raw data of simply the wages and we created the box and whisker to get a visual representation of it. Then we did some calculations to try to identify some areas of the box and whisker. Now we want to create the other type of graph which is quite common to be visualizing that being the histogram. Now in Excel, histograms are great to be able to use because they give you a really good kind of spread of the data. I think it would be a little bit more difficult prior to having Excel to obviously chart things out in a histogram format by hand. The box and whiskers might be a little bit easier by hand, but they both have their uses and we can compare and contrast them. We'll be doing a lot more work with different kinds of histograms to see how data plots on the histogram and future presentations. Let's go to the blank tab. We have a little bit different format at this point because we added some of the numbers on the box and whiskers, for example. But the general idea being the same. We've got the data on the left. We created the box and whiskers. The way we created the box and whiskers is we simply just selected the entire data which you could do with the dropdown like this. We went to the insert. That's the tab up top. We went to the charts and in this dropdown, you'll note that that's the home of both the histograms and the box and whiskers because those are going to be applied to similar kind of methods or two methods that will have similar usage. And so they kind of grouped those things together. We put in our histogram last time and then we did some formatting to the histogram. So remember our data represents basically just wages that we might see at a company. And now let's add the second bit, which is going to be the histogram. Now note, if you don't have this data wages, you can look up wages if you want to. You can also use a random generator. So if you wanted to have random wages and then add a few outliers just to have some data to work with, you could say equals random. And then random between in our data set is basically between like, I don't know, 65,000 and then comma. And the top is like 75,000. So if you use the random generator, Excel can do that random numbers between that point those points, copy it down and then maybe add some outliers right with this one be like 85,000. Now it's outside of the range. So obviously it's great to have real data because our goal is statistics is to try to oftentimes see what the difference is between the random data set and the actual data set in real life to give some glean some insights as to what's going on with the data. That's one of our strategies, of course, which we'll talk about more later. But that's one way to generate some data if you just want to then practice putting in a histogram. Once you have your data, we can select the data. You can highlight the data this way, dragging down. If you have the table data in a table format, you can put your cursor on the top of the table, select this way. You can also put your cursor on it and hold down control shift, and that'll take you down to the bottom of the data set. If you want to go back up, you can hold down control and backspace, not delete backspace. And that's another nice way. Note that you'd like to be at the top of the data set usually when you're going to be inserting the whatever charts or graphs you're going to put in. Otherwise, the chart or graph will be shown at the bottom and you're going to have to pull it up to the top, right?  So I'm going to say, all right, let's go ahead and now insert tab up top. We're going to go into our charts. We're going to go into that histogram dropdown and we're going to pick this histogram, the standard histogram. Boom. And then I can pull it. I can put my cursor in the white space and I can pull it down here. So there's the two general, you know, get a feel of the shape type of tools that we have. If I select the title, I'm going to say, let's get rid of the title for now at least removing the title. I'm going to make this a little bit on scrolling down holding down control scrolling down a little bit so I could see some more. And then I'm going to make this wider if I could. All right. All right, something like that. Okay. So there we have it. So the histogram as you can see here gives us a pretty nice visualization of basically a center point of the data. And then the spread of the data around that center point. We have a similar thing, of course, with the box and whiskers where we have the center point here, the average and the median and then basically the spread around it with the box. And of course, the whiskers and the outliers. When we look at the histogram, we generally have, you know, the tallest tower here in the middle being in essence, the center point. And then we can look at the spread of the data around that center point. Now we'll take a look at different histograms in future presentations so we can kind of label the types of histograms. In other words, some histograms might have a bigger center point here and have kind of like a tail that's going out to the right or a tail that's going to the left. Or we might have like two center points and so on. So knowing what the center point is is important, but we also want to know what that spread is and the histogram is a nice way to do that. So in this case, we can see kind of like the outliers being represented in these buckets on the right hand side related to the histogram. So once we make the histogram, we have the similar kind of things we had before creating the histogram. It's pretty straightforward to modify the histogram.  If I click on the histogram, we've got the chart design again where we have the chart elements, axis titles and so on. We've got the quick layouts over here. You could change the color, the defaults always that blue, but you could change the color scheme. You can change the whole kind of layout format this way. If you so choose the data, when I select the data, here is our data. That was to edit the data. You can see the data series where the data series is coming from. I'm going to close that back out and then let's close this back out. And so then we have the formatting tools on the right in a similar fashion as we've seen in the box and whisker and a prior chart and prior presentations. Then of course, there's multiple ways to go into many of the editing items. If I select, for example, the numbers on the left hand side and I double click on them, they're going to give us the format axis. I can select the information here and you could see if I change something like it's going from 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, I could change the minimum, the maximum and so on. And that could have, of course, an impact on the shape of the histogram, which we might dive into a little bit more in future presentations. The key to the histogram down here is going to be the data at the bottom. These are the buckets, right? So if I look at, if I click on that and I go to the three bars on the right, you've got the buckets that have been putting the data in. So notice it's here, it's on automatic. So the buckets are on automatic. The bin size then is grayed out because it's automatic, but it's 3,400, which created nine bins. So what does that mean? Down here, we've got the buckets that we're going to be putting this stuff in, right? So it's between 55,000 and 58,400 and then from 58,400 to 61,8 and then 61,8 to 65,2, 65,2 and so on and so forth. And we're looking for the information from the data set that fits within these ranges. And so you could see it would be a similar kind of thing as what we did with a bar chart. You might recall in a prior presentation when we counted the words of Hamlet, right? If I was to have a bar chart, if I was to insert a bar chart, insert and use this one, the bar chart is similar in look and feel. The problem with a bar chart is that it can't create the buckets by itself. Usually, if you're counting words, you remember that the x-axis had words down here and then we can count the number of words and that would be showing pictorially in like a bar chart format. Well, this is kind of like a bar chart. We can actually use the bar chart if we sorted the data ourselves into buckets, right? If I said how many occurrences happened in our data set between 55 and 58,4 and we'll do that in future presentations just to show you the relationship and sometimes that can be useful as well. But just note that that's going to be the difference. So these buckets are a differentiating factor. Now the buckets are also quite important because if you change the size of the buckets, then you're going to have a big difference in terms of what the data set is going to look like. And people can use this to glean more information, but they can also use it to be a bit deceptive in how the information is presented possibly, right? So over here, if I say the bend width, if I bring the bend width down to say 2000, I'm lowering the bend width. As I hit Tab, I would think that the number of bends would increase, right? So I'm going to say boom, notice the automatic number of bends down here. Now went up to 15. So now I've got 15 bends with the 2000 there. Now notice these outliers are getting more extreme as I make more buckets, right? Because now these outliers are way out here. So you're going to get like a skinnier looking graph that might kind of really show those outliers specifically, for example, out there. If you don't want those outliers to be so far out, you could have an overflow bucket, for example. You could say, okay, everything that is over, let's say 79,000, I want you to put that in like one bucket. So now I kind of combine those together. So now it's not giving as much emphasis to those outliers. And you can see that might be good in some cases. I can do the same thing for the bottom. I could say, hey, look, I want you to pull in those to like 64,000 or something, right? So now the data is being pulled in. And you can see you have a whole different looking field to the data once we start to do that. So you have to be kind of careful with the parameters that you're going to be putting around your histogram because they can have an influence on what the data is going to look like, obviously. So if I reset this, we're going to go back to the resetted format. So there we have those. Let's reset this one as well. Hold on a second. I'm clicking on this. Let's go to this and then I'll see if I can, this one, I want to go back to automatic. Let's go back to automatic. And so there we have our automatic.  And so that that's basically the default that we were given with the histogram. So usually the default is pretty, pretty not pretty good with the histogram. But oftentimes you might want to go in here. And again, the major things that you would be adjusting would be the bin width. And then and then those basically the overflows. So we'll get into a lot more detail on that in future presentations. For now, I'm just going to close this out and note that we have some more options up top. So there's multiple ways we can get into different things. So these are the axes. This is the axis title. So if I select this item, it's going to give us those titles over here that we can add. And because it's a histogram, you might want the chart title might be the way to go. Because if you were going to name the axis, you know, these would be like the wage amounts and then the number over here. So so it might just be easier just put like this is wages, you know, histogram or something like that. And then we're going to say the data labels oftentimes that's useful to to be adding. So now you can see the numbers that were counted up. We'll do we'll we'll get to those numbers in a few in a bit more detail on future presentations to get a better idea. And we typically aren't going to need a legend because we only have one item on the histogram, right? So we don't really need a legend here. So I'm going to close that if I select the numbers note that that within within the numbers you can change. Like I could go to the home tab, for example, and increase the size of the numbers. If we so choose, we could embolden the number, for example. And so we have the formatting, you know, for those so that so that's the general the general idea of the histogram that we can compare and contrast to the good old box and whiskers.


6 Steps to Becoming a TEFL Trainer One of the routes you might want to think about taking after your TEFL course is to train other people how to teach English. It can be very rewarding seeing people who have never taught before gain in confidence and ability over a short space of time. What does it take? Step 1. Complete your TEFL course. The first step to becoming a teacher trainer is to complete your TEFL certification course. Don't feel that only people who do particularly well are cut out to be trainers. You need to empathize with your trainees and it can be advantageous to have struggled through and only just about passed the course as long as you then developed your skills with experience. Taking an entry level course is only the very beginning of the journey but the journey doesn't have to be a long one if you work at improving your skills with every lesson you deliver. Look back on the difficulties and work out how to avoid them next time. Do self-evaluations every day you teach. This will help you to not only predict difficulties that new teachers will have but also to devise ways to advise and help them. Step 2. Continue your formal studies. Take a dip to solve. You need to know your stuff with regards to grammar, teaching skills, phonetics and phonology. Get certificates in Business English and Young Learners Teaching. Read articles in TEFL related forums. Build up a database of useful sites. Sign up for newsletters and read them. Step 3. Get experience. Aim to get varied experience with different class sizes, ages and levels. Your CV resume, focusing on anything that demonstrates an ability to train others. Try to get a role mentoring new teachers that start working in your school. Whilst having held a more formal senior position in a job such as a coordinator or director of studies isn't vital when applying to become a TEFL trainer, it would certainly make you more attractive to potential employers. Step 4. Choose the right location. Aim to find a location where you want to settle down for a while. Working as an EFL teacher in the school may offer flexibility, perhaps is a way to make money while you're traveling. However, TEFL trainers are expected to be more stable as people researching what course to take are attracted to training centers with well-established staff. You're unlikely to get employment for very long if your CV resume shows a history of short-term positions. You also need to be realistic about working hours. The courses are typically advertised as intensive, so expect the working hours to be long too. Look at the course dates, avoid companies that offer continuous back-to-back courses for a full year unless you really feel you can cope with it. By the end of a four-week course, you won't be fresh to start another one a few days later. Step 5. Find the company to work for.  This is going to involve some legwork rather than simply applying via email. Visit the training schools with your CV and sell yourself. You may be fortunate to get a job as an EFL teacher with a language school that also runs teacher training courses, then gradually become involved in various elements of the course, initially on a part-time basis. Networking can also help, the more people you know in the business, the higher the chance will be of finding out about any upcoming opportunities. Think about attending advertised conferences or seminars and talking to as many people as possible whilst you're there. Step 6. Plan to settle into the job. Try to run before you can walk. Be realistic in interviews when saying what you can do. Perhaps start with delivering lessons for trainees to observe, then helping them prepare theirs, observing and giving feedback and advice. Gradually start doing input sessions on teaching skills and grammar, building up your workload month by month. It would be unreasonable for any employer to expect someone new at the job to deliver an entire course. Expectations on pay also need to match your contribution to the course. There are lots of skills that trainers need beyond those needed for teaching EFL in a classroom. Not least is recognizing that the course puts some people in a stressful situation. Skill sets needed include diplomacy. Be capable of getting on with people, even those you don't like. Being clear about you want your trainees to do and give clear instructions. Being aware of what words not to use when giving feedback about trainees lessons, some people are very sensitive. Being organized. Have an encouraging manner. Tolerance within the boundaries of course requirements. Patience and empathy. Being able to identify positives out of negatives. Are you ready to teach English abroad? Hopefully, this has given you some pointers about how to embark on your journey towards training people to teach English as a foreign language. You will need to continue to develop your own skills whilst training others and may want to think about where you go from there. You may, however, find you rather like the role and settle into it for some time. Apply now for your TEFL TESOL certification course and start teaching in a matter of months. Speak with an ITTT advisor today to put together your personal plan for teaching English abroad. Send us an email or call us toll-free at 1-800-490-0531 to speak with an ITTT advisor today.


A 47-year-old little falls man is dead after crashing his minivan while traveling down his driveway to get his mail. The Morrison County Sheriff's Office says 47-year-old Scott Novak was driving down his driveway when his vehicle continued out of the driveway and crossed 120th Avenue into a ditch and into a road sign. Novak later died at the hospital. The Morrison County Sheriff's Office is still investigating the cause of death. The crash happened around 3.30 yesterday afternoon about two miles northwest of Little Falls.


I'm Salvatore Bobonis and this brief public service announcement is about how to remove that awful buzzing noise you get when using a USB headset with your laptop computer. Many people experience an awful buzzing noise when they use their USB headsets with their laptop computers, a noise that sounds something like this. Now you hear the buzz, now you don't. This sound is caused by an ungrounded electrical connection. This solution is very simple. Just unplug your computer while using your headset. Right now my computer is unplugged, now my computer is plugged in, now my computer is unplugged again. Thank you for listening. You can find out more about me at SalvatoreBobonis.com or you can also sign up for my monthly newsletter on Global Affairs.


white stuff on my truck on the ground all around me good thing it's melting as soon as it hits the road at least you should have seen this all night like I didn't park in those lines on purpose I parked off on the side in the back because if you park in those lines you get blocked in when I woke up this morning there was truck after truck after truck parked this way for some reason here at the kicking horse rest area the eastern edge of BC in the trans-Canada nobody ever parks in the lines and I think that's because if you do those lines go so close to that barrier up there if you do and someone parts beside you you can't get out so people don't even bother so whoever painted the lines on here should have made them much further back but what do I know what do I know all I know is that you don't park in the lines here because you'll get blocked in people will just park all around you can't get out in the morning it's happened more than once anyways how you doing today we should get on the road we got a long way to go let's see how far we can get today we got about 1600 kilometers to get to home not gonna make it today I'm hoping to make it to at least like let's say somewhere between Moose jaw to Belgoni any further than that is bonus points alright well as the the Sun is getting higher in the sky there and as I'm waking up the snow is slowing down quite a bit that's good I'm not too worried about the roads being slippery it's not that cold yet it's just I don't want the snow to start falling any faster diesel how you doing man you look pretty comfy back there yeah man I'm all ready to go lights are on we're in gear everything's done rock and roll spot against the back there that I like the part because like this guy again he just pulled in here too that's how everyone pulls in and they stay like that all night they don't actually use the lines which makes sense because they don't make the lines don't make sense so just a heads up if you come to kicking horse restaurant if you do park in the lines you may not be able to move in the morning you had a dilemma that washer fluid I put in this morning silly me that was summer washer fluid it froze yeah so I had to stop and get the in general the whatever the jet the ejectors you know the thing the spray things I had to get them to work again they were all frozen up so I had to just blow hot air on them until they let the fluid flow again and then I just had to drain the entire washer fluid that I just put in there stop here in Canmore grab a bunch of winter washer fluid run that through the system I'm glad that I found that I was close to town here because I couldn't use my washer fluid it froze up on me and everybody's spraying dirt up at my windshield but that's okay because we got Timmy's though I'm disappointed Canmore your Timmy's doesn't have espresso either their espresso machine was also down is this like a British Columbia Alberta thing because if you're taking out the espresso machines for good you gotta let me know you gotta let me know this is important information I'm gonna have to find somewhere else to get my coffee then why so serious man this is serious business serious business me trucking this is serious business I wish I could make it home today I'm still 1,097 kilometers from home it's like 660 miles or so and I've got thanks random voice in my computer five hours and 13 minutes of remaining drive time but that's only until midnight at midnight central time I get more hours because I drove past midnight yesterday one second what do we got here we got there we go okay so I drove till what's that say there I drove till this is my logbook from yesterday where's it say start start okay I drove told 140 in the morning that means I took an hour and 40 minutes out of today's 13 hours of driving so at midnight I get that hour and 40 minutes back get it it's a little different than the US hours of service they're both really confusing there's some things that are really confusing about Canadian hours of service and there's some things that are very confusing and don't make sense about US hours of service but hey it's all government bureaucracy it's all government regulation you know they keep piling it up piling it up I like the idea of you know if you're gonna put a new regulation on them like find another one or two to remove okay or let's just leave it the same but they keep adding and adding and adding regulations and it gets more and more and more complicated and my mom's an accountant I can't imagine how she keeps up with it she's been self-employed doing well I don't think she was self-employed the whole time but she's been an accountant for 40 years now I think and man the things she knows the the loophole here the loophole there that one got closed this one opened this over here this goes here this goes there you take this income from here and that income from there you put it over here you put yourself in this tax bracket over here blah blah blah blah it's so confusing I can't wrap my head around it I've often told her like you're gonna have to sit me down and explain this all to me one day because you know one day I'm gonna have to do my own taxes my mom does my taxes for me because she's brilliant when it comes to that kind of stuff it's what she does just sort of like this is what I do that's what she does and she's really good at it so I've never had to do my own taxes but I don't know how she keeps up with everything it's insane I grew up she was self-employed so she was at home as I was growing up I never had to go to a daycare or anything like that I was always at home with my mom she worked from home and the amount of paperwork and she's got everything organized she knows where everything is and filing cabinets galore it's it's pretty crazy but it's pretty impressive at the same time impressive takes a lot of brains and that's sort of how it is with the regulations on the trucking to everything keeps changing all the time you got to stay on top of it not getting any closer to home sitting around here though though now that we're on the prairies there's very little holding us back you know when you're going through the mountains you got to worry about traffic first of all there's always that one guy or girl who slows down to like 60 kilometers slows way down for the corner and then as soon as there's an open passing lane suddenly their their vehicle can do 150 right there's no way you can get past them but you're always stuck behind them because they slow down as soon as the passing line is gone so frustrating then you got to worry about weather and you know rock slides avalanches all this other stuff twisting winding roads you don't want to fall off a cliff and die well now we're on the prairies and all you got to worry about is a moose crossing the road at the exact wrong time and that rarely happens this far south down on well yeah rarely I think I can confidently say that rarely happens along the trans-Canada here because it's such a busy road the moose have learned to stay away from it I think and the wildlife in general plus there's fencing along both sides of the road that deters them if you go further up north like into a Yukon on your way to Alaska up the Alaska highway you got herds of massive bison like 4,000 pound bison that are just standing in the middle of the road at night like a whole herd of them like 30 of them so you got to be very careful you don't want to hit one of them there I would say they would do more damage than a moose but it all depends because the moose you take out their legs the moose comes over on top of your vehicle or through your windshield a bison is just a big wall of muscle and meat and horns like they you don't want to hit a bison they're massive got a little over obsessed with Tim Hortons again lately I don't know what's going on but I need another one here in medicine that I know this is red cliff Alberta just across the valley from medicine at Alberta and it just about blew past this place but then I remembered hey I don't know what's going on gotta have my timmies wonder what they put in it all right coffee and hand we shall drive across this land it'll actually be in the cup holder that just doesn't rhyme as well we're comfy these are you comfy you got water oh no you need water diesel should have said something man there you go just for you what's water I got left in here I got a few okay not need you to tell me what to do but there's a boulevard in the way here yeah I can't go straight cuz that doesn't lead through to those lights I gotta go around the block and that'll take me back I gotta wash these windows man and that window diesel your nose art it's very beautiful but it's getting a little bit excessive man one of these days you got to start clearing your own sketchboard you know let's let's turn left on Broadway Evan how about that diesel Broadway she says Avenue weird right everybody watch out here we go here we go right after this guy you ready diesel oh here we go actually not quite this isn't the main road yet they got a new Burger King here though that's what Steinbeck needs Steinbeck needs a Burger King we got everything else we hate we even have a Walmart kind of a tragedy isn't a diesel for travesty what's the word tragedy it's sad that we have all of this you know we got a superstore we got a Walmart got a whole bunch of Tim Hortons but we don't have a Burger King I think Wendy's is being built in Steinbeck right now we even got a Starbucks in town for the elite among us and the hipsters the handful of hipsters we got in Steinbeck they have their Frappadapachino's now every day but we don't have a Burger King ages at the same level right now so I'm gonna go to bed recharge my batteries and we'll be back on the road tomorrow morning hope you join us don't forget to subscribe and hit that like button see you in the morning


This week we have the date advancement results come out, SECDEF tapped his recommendation for our next CNO and SECNAV changed the game on basically everything. First, active duty and reserve petty officer advancement quotas come out Monday. The results will be released to COs on Wednesday and they'll post online the next day. Next, SECDEF tapped Admiral John Richardson, director of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program to be our next CNO. If confirmed, he'll take command following Admiral Greenert's retirement this fall after 40 years of naval service. Now here's the big SECNAV personnel rollout with a few clips from my interview with him. First, forget about Navy mandatory GMT. It's gone. You think I'm joking? I'm not. And neither is SECNAV. GMT is ending. First of June, no more GMT as we know it. Next, get used to calling the CAP program the MAP program. And get ready for it to start applying to shore commands as well as sea commands. As important as that program was at sea, it's equally important on shore. Secretary Mibus is also going to ask Congress for the career admission program to have 10 times the yearly quotas 400 vice 40. And he's also asking a double maternity leave from 6 weeks to 12 weeks. So that people won't have to choose between family or having a family in service. Finally, the culture of fitness is here and what it brings with it is a tangible difference between a PFA score of good and a PFA score of outstanding. Military decorations will be awarded for three consecutive outstanding patches and eval documentation will all incentivize going above and beyond in fitness. It's not get ready for one, pass it and then get out of shape and then get ready again. And it's going to be in shape all the time. That's what we need for everybody to do to do their jobs. Finally, for the officers, the Golden Career Path concept is falling away, enabling the Navy to keep in advance its best officers. So that's a lot of really big stuff. But there's still more. Check it out in the wire. And before we wrap up, understand that these changes are all occurring on varied timelines and for some the details aren't finalized yet. However, if you send us an honest question, I'll talk to CMP and get you an honest answer. Your early feedback and questions may even impact the execution of these initiatives. Now that's it for this video. For the Chief Naval Personnel, I'm Simonelli for Brizio. Thanks for watching.


It's DDK, and I'm back today with another video. Shoes out, soup to the end. If you want to win, go and subscribe. Give me a thumbs up and do not skip those ads if you want to see me get to this bag. In today's video, you guys will not believe what happened. Guess what, baby? We got one of the best orders we've ever had. We went out there and got to that bag, baby. We drove one mile. It took us 15 minutes to make $156. I got my game from a scholar. Let's go. 14 paddles, driving 18.2 miles for $68.11. We thank the Lord for our blessings. Let's go. Ken, I'm ready for you. You ready? Yeah, well, I don't really make it. 827 P-A-T-E. 827 P-A-T-E. Because y'all know what's going on. Y'all know who about the pull-up. My guy Ken about the pull-up so we can get busy. You know what I'm talking about? My guy Ken about the pull-up so we can win. And get these divin' in. No T-O, right? Track both of these. I thought I'm doing double track. Yeah, how many do you need? I need two or one. Right there. I'm good. Two of them things. All right, we did it. You can. All right, no one from someone is here, baby. Let's go. Step back, hit it with the floral yard noddles. Got that. You got to put the name in. Who was it? Karine. K-R-M. Just like that. We gone to get it on. My nickname wrong. I'm rocking on the microphone. I got to hit it with the photo right here for this pallet so we can get that $15 for that. Let's go. Order number two. If you hate, forget you and your crew. We are going back to Sun Run to get some more fun. Driving 15.6 miles for 5808. We about to pull up and get this cake. Let's go. Order is 042 Vega, V-E-G-A. It says it's 30 millimeter spaces for the wreck panels. 12 seconds later. This it? Appreciate you, boss. Off real? Sheesh. Let's go. Just like that. We are here to draw up this order to get an order, baby. I don't know where they at. What's going on with you, boss? I got something for y'all. The spacers. There you go. What's your name? Scott. Let me take a picture right quick. Hit them with the photo. Smack, got that. They always say wonder. Don't you bet. Where you at? Scott. All right, you guys have a good one. Stay safe. Let's go. In last but not least, I'm about to show you I'm a beast. I'm about to go get some of these jeeps, baby. We are about to use the app called DL. Pick up place is Pimstripes. We're about to go ahead and get right. We're going to drive RIP Nipsey. Let's go. And just like that, we are here at Pimstripes to get right. You know what I'm talking about? This joint is real, real nice. I came here one time before to pick up an order. How you doing, sir? I'm good. I have a pickup for Crate and Barrow Corporate Office, a catering order. Right this way, sir. Yes, sir. They got the bowling alley. Hey, look at that. Y'all see that? Y'all see what's going on? They got the music bomb. Oh, that music. We're taking back. How you doing, sir? How are you? I'm doing great. Yeah, the bags. Okay, I ain't know if they were going to be in a box or not, so. Yeah, I have a 50-fix it. And, uh, just take it and refine what's on it. That's it? This and that? Okay. Okay, I'm going to get the bags now. I'll come right back. I have a question for you. So, are those heavy or no? Which one? The plastic one. This one? This one? Yeah. I just want to make sure it's not going to smush. Only those ones, yeah, but this one's not. Oh, okay. You guys have like... You don't have, like, cardboard, so I can put it under it. So it'll smush down or something. Yeah, so put it in between so it'll smush it? Yeah. Yeah. I'll fit this one here and then I'll come... I'll take this while I come back. I'll leave it back here. I'll go back again, clap again. I got to be getting this together while we was gone. Browing back two bags. This one good to go? This one ready? Thank you very much. You have a good one. Here, it's a drop-off location for those who hate me. They said somebody's supposed to meet me down here. Oh, they have to go. Are you doing what, Jackie? Yes. How are you doing? How are you? I'm doing great. I'm living a dream. The beautiful weather, I can't complain. We got to enjoy it while we can because we never know. That's what's why I have it. Ha ha ha. Okay. Thank you very much. I hope you guys enjoyed. Thank you. It's going to be great. I mean, anything for free, anything for free. You can't complain. You can't complain about that. You guys have a good one. Oh, great one. Thank you. Thank you. You too. And just like that, it is the end of the video. I hope you guys enjoyed the content. Guess what, baby? Today we made $282.79. Y'all saw us getting in the grind and y'all saw us shine. I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Again, if you are not subscribed, what you doing, baby? Go ask for the subscribe button. Give me a thumbs up and do not skip those ads. And like it tomorrow, just give me a message of bad. Bobby, give me a message of bad. The $223 is big bad season. We okay about giving more reason. I'll see you guys on next one. We going, we going, we flowing. You already know it is the DK and I'm on my way.


Hi everybody, it's Sam at Mixed Up Craft. Thank you for watching my tutorial today. I've got a really nice, very unusual card to show you today. I'm calling it the reverse fold, which it is, but I'm going to call it a hanging reverse fold card or something like that anyway. It's an origami fold. Basically I've got this beautiful box that I've done. I've made this bow, popped ribbon around it and it's all reinforced.  Then as you lift it out, this rather large reverse origami fold card. Now the idea is to have this hanging. Obviously it's special so you could have this personalized with a 21st birthday, 50th birthday, any of those milestones. You could change it completely and have it as a wedding card. There's all kinds of things you can do for this. I'm the person I'm giving this to, I don't want to say, but I have put at the bottom there, you're still a spring chicken. It's going to be more personalized, but again for now that's how I've done it. The reason that it's called a reverse fold is when you fold it in, you can see, if I pop it back in the box like so, you've got this piece goes in that way and then the bit on the back here goes that way so it's reversed each time. This one's that side, that folds that side, this folds this side and it just perfectly falls down. Now what I've also done is I've done a chipboard top and bottom so you've got the weights so straight away it just falls into that shape and I've also finished it at the bottom there with one of those corner protectors just in case whoever's hanging it, it may be touching the floor so that's going to stop the bottom of the card getting ruined and you can see on the back there that's that chipboard base. Now you could also decorate the back but because this is going to be hanging there just didn't seem to be a need for it, but it perfectly folds like so. Now you could wrap ribbon around that, you don't have to have the box, the box on its own is just a really nice tutorial because that's that's really really pretty that box so everything matches. I'll go through all the papers and stuff in a minute but I just love that when whoever gets this will know straight away to pull that tab because it's just naturally what you're going to do and it just it just appears in front of them and it is just I love it. Absolutely adore it, I think it's a wicked so I hope you enjoy it too and let's get into the tutorial. So you do need lots of bits and pieces but that's what makes it such a nice card. Now the papers I'm using are from Rosie's studio which I very recently come across. I believe she's from New Zealand, the company's from New Zealand. I found these in a craft store locally and I will try and find links and share what I can with you but she does awesome stuff. It is just yeah it's brilliant, I absolutely adore it. There's nothing yet that I've seen that I don't like. So this is one of the 12 by 12 packs that I picked up which is wildflower and I'm using matching embellishments and stuff to match but of course you can make this with any any papers that you've got but just give you a quick overview there. You've got these gorgeous, that one's really nice. You've got foiled ones in here. This is what I'm going to be using, one of these ones today. That's the one I used on that gift box I've just showed you. That will make a beautiful gift bag which I might end up making for that one so it might be a gift box in a gift bag. Loving just nice foiled one there. That was the green that I used. That one's really nice, I love that. That's those embroidery rings or hoops. I think that's a lovely style and yeah so you get four of each so just the room then repeats it again but yeah really really nice so that's what I'm going to be using. Okay so first of all let me just grab my board. Right so you're going to need seven pieces of eight by eight. Two of those will be for your box so pop two to one side and the other five are going to be to make the card itself. So we're getting to that first of all so what you want to do now it's an origami fold but because I'm using a thicker card I'm going to use the scoreboard okay so if you just google reverse origami reverse fold you will see how to fold it and again I'm always looking for my stylus always it seems to just disappear from here and then I end up having to find another one so there we go I'll use this one so basically what you want to do is along one of the eight inch sides is you want to score at four and then rotate and score again at four then pop it on the diagonal so it's in a diamond shape and I'm just using my six inch guide here so I'm popping the top there in the six inch track and the bottom in the six inch track now what I've done on my scoreboard is I've just marked a little black marker pen there at six inches okay if you need to use a ruler then do so but just make sure that you've got it completely straight like so don't start from the point because you run the risk of damaging it so I always start from the middle and go out and then the middle and go out okay and then you can kind of go over if you need to so that is the same fold that you will get with the origami reverse fold but I'm using the scoreboard now you want to do that on all of those other four pieces so you're just doing this on the five because remember those other two are for your box so just completely put them to one side again so you don't accidentally go ahead and then score it so I'm just going to carry on and score mine okay so there is all my five pieces done so get rid of your scoreboard you'll need it again later on when we do the box but I've got some way yet before we get to that point so now with every one you just want to go ahead now and fold all of those score lines and burnish them again I'm driving myself insane where is my stuff oh my gosh where is my score my bone folder again gonna have to use another one okay so fold uh what am I doing that way fold it in half like so make sure you do your diagonal fold that you're getting really nice points at each end and then do your square fold that again make sure it all lies nicely okay so you can see all of them burnished there just do that on all of the other pieces okay so there is all my burnished five sheets okay now what we want to do is you're going to be sticking them down each one differently to create again that the reverse folding when it all kind of um it's like a concertina folding away because it all kind of gathers down together so what you want to do pick one this is going to be my very first one this is my top one that we're going to have the little ribbon attached to that we're going to pull out now the next one you want to flip it over and you're going to stick it so this is the top you're going to stick it down in the opposite um square so you're not sticking you're never sticking in the squares where we've got those diagonal score lines through okay only sticking in the plain squares so you'll always know you're doing it right so this one is going to go down in there like so so just go ahead and get that one stuck down first i'm just using my um tombo glue here i'm just going to watch that in there and then i can spread it all out with my bone folder so just line it up within the score lines there make sure it's all nice and even flip it over yeah i'm just going to make sure it's all spread out okay so we've got that one at the minute then the next one you're going to stick this way up again so that one we revert we folded over this one you're going to keep the same way up as the first one and again you're going to stick it down into that i guess when you're looking at it this way it's bottom right hand side but it's always that next plain square that's opposite the square you've just stuck down so again i'm going to keep putting the glue on this bit i think make sure it's obviously up the right way and this is going to mean that you won't get any cracking because you're already sticking it down in the direction that it's going to be folding when it goes into the gift box you just stuck them all down the right way you get a lot of cracking and we don't want that to happen okay so we've got this one's facing up this way this one's facing down and then this one is facing up again so then the next one we get you're going to turn it over okay so it's facing down and again we're going to stick it into this one okay stick it down again just these little tricks by sticking things the right way or burnishing them the right way and scoring them the right way that will make your overall papercraft projects you know more finish neater less cracking all those little things so it's um it's good to do it okay and then the last one is going to face up all right so just pop that one okay so they are all stuck down nicely so the very top the very bottom all right so now with that in mind you want to bring in these two sides okay like so and squash them down like that okay so again you're just bringing them in like so because we've burned fold folded it scored it right and stuck it down the right way that will comfortably want to go in that direction now the next one if you flip over you're going to do the same so bring it up and fold it in this time you've got that one that you just done before on top and again just go around and burnish and flip it over again bring those two up flip it over then the last one is going to sit on the top and you should have it all perfectly in that square format shouldn't be anything going over flopping you know kind of starting to go over to one side it should all should have a bit of a bounce to it because it will do and then as we lift it up you get your card and it each is folding if I put it on that angle you can see the reverse folding each time so a really simple fold but it turns into something really really fun so that's the hardest part done okay so leave that to one side now we're going to move on to the two chipboard pieces so we're going to stick one on the top on one on the bottom this is optional but I do think it does make a difference when it's hanging because you have the weight and it just also gives it a more finished look as well so basically what you need is two pieces of chipboard which measure this one is so three and seven eighths of an inch squared two pieces and the chipboard when I this is one mil and this is just from the backs of my 12 by 12 paper packs or a by eight or even your six by six ones if you don't have this as I've mentioned before if you've got any cereal boxes or the top card from your 12 by 12 paper packs if you stick two of those together it will give you the same effect all right and even if you don't have two one will be okay it's just that you just want something that's going to give you a bit of weight then to wrap around that so to cover it I've got two pieces of five by five okay so what you want to do is just cover your chipboard I'm not going to I'm not too too worried oh splodging it too much there just as long as it's roughly covered and then you want to sit it in the middle again don't be too precious it's just so you've got enough overhang on each side just spread out and make sure that glue is covered do that on the other piece and just go over the top side as well again just making sure there's no air bubbles or any lumps or anything like so then just go around each side just folding like so okay and then we just want to cut our corners so you just want to cut across just slightly above the end of the corner of the chipboard there about one eighth of an inch a couple of millimeters whatever just you want a little bit you can see that's better there see I've got a little bit I haven't gone right up to the chipboard so again if I just do it here you just want to cut like that so do that on both pieces and then I'm going to use my other glue just because I'm running out of that and this one's just as good so I'm just going to run a glue just like so kind of make sure you get a nice bit between the chipboard and the paper there so right in that kind of bit there and then just fold it over and with your bone folder just really make sure it's wrapped around really tight really torped and then that glue starts to splodge out which is fine it's better to do this glue with this bit because this glue dries clear and doesn't stay tacky whereas the tombo does and you just end up getting it everywhere and then where you've got that little bit overhanging just with your bone folder just kind of work it in the corners there okay and then I'm going to go to the opposite side and again just squeeze my glue in there fold it around and stick it down and then do that on all of your sides on both of your pieces okay so there's my two nice chipboard tops and bottoms so before we stick them down I'm going to do all the inside so that's for my lid let me just make sure I'm getting all the right pieces and that's all for my lid okay so to decorate all of us so just leave your chipboard to one side for one minute bring in your card again open it up so what we're going to do is I have got patterned floral pieces are going to be for the all of these triangle pieces for all your side ones then you've got one two three four five six squares just plain squares going all the way down and they were the ones that we stuck to go over those I've got these pieces here so you're going to need one two three four five six six pieces of what am I on here three and a half by three and a half and they will sit perfectly in those squares giving you a nice quarter of an inch border so these six pieces then you need two four six eight yet ten ten pieces of three and a quarter inch squared okay now those ten pieces you then need to cut in half so grab my trimmer bouncing all over the place see it needs to be weighted down grab one of them pop them on the diagonal point to point in your track and just as I always say whenever you're cutting anything with a point go into the middle first then go out come back in again go out and then you don't pucker your edges and you want to make triangles like this so you will then end up having 20 of these all right so I'm going to go ahead and get all of those cut okay so I now have my 20 triangles so now you need to stick everything down so open it all up I've popped them all open it all up flutter now it's not going to harm it and maybe go ahead and stick your plain ones down first well I say plain but you know the as in the plain square area I want to make sure mine are all in the right orientation so they are going to go like so all the way down like that obviously you don't even have to have it this long I've just thought this was a good length and then these are going to go in every single triangle like so again giving you that same border so just go and get that now all stuck down okay so mine are all stuck down you can see that it looks really really cool and then it should again just all fold you don't really need to do much to it it'll do it itself now we're going to stick down our chipboard pieces so this is my top this is my front so flip it over I'm going to do the back first I've also got one of my little corner protectors this one is 18 millimeters long and four millimeters wide okay that's how they kind of break them down when you go to look them up um this is probably my favorite size it works with with pretty much everything so right got my bit of chipboard so I'm going to pop some hot glue on the back of this just enough to stick it down and then when you stick it on here you should have a very very tiny bit of white very tiny now the reason I'm not putting that on the chipboard first and then sticking it down is the bulk of that metal on that one corner will mean that your chipboard will not lie nice and flat over your the the actual card itself so it's best to do this and then we're going to attach it over the white bit of card there okay so now that's our weight on the bottom of our card and when you open it you don't want to be able to see it okay so that's why I said you've got a very very thin white kind of border so that when you flip it over so then on this side is where we're going to stick that but for the minute I'm now going to stick this one down now before we stick this one down we want to make our little hook so I have this yellow nice thick ribbon here and I'm going to just do that so keep it straight thumbs both on top keep your thumbs on the top and bring it around to you to create that shape there it's entirely up to you how big you want it to be this one's going to be a bit bigger because it's a bigger um piece of ribbon so I'm just splodging some hot glue there bringing that across like so and just make sure that all sticks nicely now I want it so that it faces that way when it's open okay so you're going to stick it on here upside down okay so I'm going to cut a little bit of the bulk off there actually so let's just just remove some of that bulk and then I'm going to splodge some hot glue on the front there flick it over and then you've got a little bit of wiggle room with the hot glue just to make sure that you've got it nice and straight and even okay so that's now all stuck down and then again you want to stick that over the top again with that little white border so I'm just going along hopefully my glue gun is not going to run out of glue just I think I can get away with that let's go for it again making sure that you've got nothing overhanging there when you lift it over that way okay it just gives you a nice like I said finished look and it gives you that weight more so on the bottom so that is now how it should all be looking go back to the bottom again and this very very last point is where we're going to stick this so you're going to have it facing up to you because you want the nice side obviously being what's shown first so the back side is going to be on there flip the whole thing over like so I've just got some tissue here my husband's hammer and just pop that in there make sure it's butted right up into the corner and kind of push it in that direction when you lay the tissue over just turn that off and move that out of the way and then you just want to just check that's it so you see now that's nice and finished there and then we flip this all over it's all folded down you will have a nice bottom so now if you hold it I mean you can't see now when I do that but now when I hang that it's got a really nice weight to it and I still haven't you know personalized it or put any embellishments and things like that on it so I will do a few bits of that in a minute but now we will move on to the box okay so you'll need your scoreboard again and those two pieces of eight by eight so choose which one is your your lid and your base so I'm going to start off first of all with the lid all right so you've got your eight by eight side and what you want to do first of all is score at seven eighths of an inch on all four sides okay so seven eighths of an inch like so and this is a reinforced lid so what you want to do next is just pull it out so it's just coming up to the one eighth of an inch marker not quite it's kind of in between if I bring that up there it's just there it is right in the corner I'm just pulling it out just so you can see a little bit of the scoreboard there literally a couple of millimeters all right when you pull it out you then want to score get the right end there at one and seven eighths of an inch and six and a quarter then rotate it pop it in the corner and then pull it out again the same and again one and seven eighths of an inch and six and a quarter and by just pulling it out of the little bit it allows it to slip over the base and because it's reinforced you need that extra room so that's our lid pop that to one side and then your base is that other piece of eight by eight and you're just going to score at one and seven eighths of an inch on all four sides so this isn't reinforced but we're going to be adding card onto it which will make it nice and strong okay one and seven eighths of an inch all four sides so now that is everything scored so we'll stick with our base for the minute you just want to go along now and just burnish all of those score lines making sure everything's nice and straight okay that's the base burnished and while you've got your bone folder there do your lid as well so just burnish all of those score lines okay so now I've got the lid I'm going to stick with this so grab some scissors you will have four squares in each of your corners and this is just like any other reinforced lid that I do so you're going to cut up both of those score lines so I'm going past the first score line and to the second one so now I've got those two pieces rotate it round and remove those two completely and then remove just that top one so you're left with that and then just tidy it all up you're going to take a little wedge off of the two outer sides there and then wedge off of the actual little square there that's flapping because that is become our tab now okay so if I just lay that down that is what you should have so we'll go along to this side now and do exactly the same so cut down both of those score lines pass the first score line down to the second score line rotate it round remove those two completely while I'm here I'm just going to take that wedge away remove that whole piece take a little wedge off of there and then tidy up that square by taking a little wedge off of each side so again if I lay that down and you can pause that is what you want to have then you want to rotate the whole thing around and you're going to do exactly the same again okay so that's now what you should have then we need to stick everything down so just using my glue and you're going to go around and stick all the tabs first so just pop a splodge of glue bring it down and bring the other side around like so we'll stick that down okay so then go around to the next one pop a bit of glue on it you don't need to go crazy with glue because you're going to be covering this tab it's really just to kind of get it in place because we're then going to fold these larger pieces over the top which is really going to secure it and then you'll be left with those two so do these at the same time so you can fold them both in together just stick that one and so then you should have your lid forming and you've got these large four sides these larger tabs just kind of fold them out a little bit so be careful you don't want to crack your card and then just put some more glue all the way around again I'm not putting too much because you can you're going to use your bone folder in a minute and that'll spread all the glue out and then just fold one over pop it on its side and with your bone folder I can see now the glue kind of coming out so it's all spreading out nicely and go around to the next one fold it in use your bone folder and this will give you a nice crisp side I must sound like a broken record when I do these with people that watch me all the time because I say the same thing but I'm always aware that there's new people watching so yes once you learn how to do a reinforced box they are very easy to do and it's a good thing to learn it's like a staple I would say within card making so now we have this nice lid okay like so to decorate the top of the lid you need two pieces of your pattern paper so I've got the same matching so my first piece is four and a quarter squared and that's going to go right on the top with a very very small white border and this piece is going to layer on top of that and this is three and seven eighths of an inch all the way around and that's going to sit in the middle there with a nice equal border so go ahead get them cut and get them stuck down I'll do mine in a minute then your base grab your scissors and you're just going to cut up any side to that first score line then go across to the next one and cut down and this is a non reinforced so the difference is you just have one square in each corner whereas with a reinforced you have four so you're going to just then fold fold this in exactly the same way so just cut down those four like so and now we're just going to add glue which is just running out again I swear I run out in every project I do I'm going to put a bit more glue on because this is the only piece just make focus on the the outer parts I would say and just fold that one down and bring it up like so oh I know I did forget to do fortunately that one is okay take a little wedge off all the all that does it's more for the outer one so this side here because if you take that wedge off when you fold that in you don't get anything overhanging see now that just line lies nice and flush so that's really what it's for I mean I always just do both just so you don't get any of it kind of catching on the base as well so yeah just take a little wedge off of each so get them all glued down and all stuck inside okay so then what you want to do is grab your lid and just check that it all sits over nicely and you should have a nice flush box you see there got a nice like I always say you can feel the air coming out when you open and close it and that's what you want you've got a nice nice closure so I need to stick that on the top still which I'll do in a minute and then to decorate the sides of the box you are going to need four pieces of four by one and three quarters so four pieces and then four pieces to go on top of that which are three and five eighths of an inch by one and three eighths of an inch and again they're going to stick over the top like so and each one is then going to go on the side of your box I like that so go ahead and get all of that stuck down okay so that is the box now all decorated so it's become much stronger now on the sides here and then that sits nicely over the top now you can add more paper here on these sides if you wanted to but I've added ribbon which is what I've done on this one here and I just think it looks really nice and I love that ribbon a little bit there so I'm going to show you how to do that now I haven't got that same width that's half an inch ribbon which is ideal for this I've got here I think it's about three eighths of an inch but it's still going to work nicely there on the sides so you just want to decide what's your front and your back I guess so take that off I'm not too too bothered here so I'm going to start here this is going to be the back need your hot glue on just pop festival just a little bit and get that kind of laid down actually sorry this is going to be the front because we're going to be covering this join with the bow so apologies so just get it nice and centered there so you've got equal white on the top of the bottom and then just do it bit by bit so I'm just going to run a bead of my hot glue just to the end there and then lie the ribbon down just carefully just spread that glue out this is a velvet ribbon so it's quite thick so again I can kind of handle the heat of the glue and then again kind of work in my way I'll go halfway there just so the glue doesn't dry and again just keeping it nice and straight and even and just work your way around until you get back to that front again okay so I've just gone right there and then I'm just going to cut that just where it joins don't worry if it doesn't overlap so much because you are going to cover that up now okay so it doesn't look too nice now but don't worry but there and again just pop it on your box just to make sure you can see how lovely that's going to look then just with some more ribbon so I can use this here you need to decide how big you want your bottom kind of loops to be so let me do this one first and then I will tell you how much ribbon you'll need for this piece here you will need which would be for the first kind of one is six inches long okay turn it over and you try and bring equal sides in to the middle and pop a little bit of glue so I'm just going to pop a bead of glue right in the middle and then bring one bit over like so then pop another bead of glue and bring the other one over okay like so then I'm going to grab my next piece and I want this to be because that was six so this piece I'm going to cut to four inches same and again do the same pop a bead of glue in the middle bring one side over so you'll have the join on the backs turn them both over pop a bead of glue on the big one pop that one over the top so pull off any little bits of glue strings that you might have and then you want to wrap it in the middle so I'm going to cut a piece here which is you'll probably trim it again two and a half that'll be fine it's probably too much again put a little bead now on top and sit that nice and even okay and what I'm going to do is put a little embellishment there as well I didn't do it on the other one I forgot but I am going to and then put some glue there bring that one round and then you can trim some of this now so still cut it to two and a half because it's good to have that little bit of kind of movement and then pop another bead of glue and bring the other one don't bring it right around you don't want to see this from the other side so I'm going to cut it see there I've cut it more into the middle rather than on the actual edge and just get rid of all of those strings they're all stuck to my fingers okay like so and then I've just got some of these nice pearl little embellishments I'm just going to take off one there and I'm actually going to pop some hot glue because this is going on to the velvet tiniest little bead there and just sit that in the middle and it will stick much better than the the the actual sticky backing that they put on them so now you will have oh they're driving me insane get rid of all these strings this little kind of bow and then you're going to stick that over your piece there so I'm going to pop just a little bit of a bigger bead there hold it up so you can make sure you're getting it in the center make sure you've got equal distance there and just squeeze that in place so you have it they look like two normal gift boxes but when you open it up and you pull this out you have this amazing card to just hang I think whoever receives that will absolutely adore it because I think it's so unusual so different I haven't seen one my idea and then there's that one there as well which I can't wait to personalize for the person I'm going to give it to so there you go so I hope you've enjoyed today's tutorial if you have please hit that subscribe button and give me a thumbs up as well and I will be back again soon thanks for watching bye