Welcome to Toffy TV, it's my pleasure to say I am joined today by former Labour MP, current Mayor of Manchester, and more importantly, Gladys Street season ticket holder Andy Burnham. Andy, welcome to the show. Thanks for having me on. Oh, it's great, great to have you on. It's really important to think that we get as many voices out there as we can to try and boost evidence. I was going to say appeal then, that's maybe not the right word, well maybe it is the right word, I'm not sure, but certainly we've got a case, I think, isn't it, is that you know, because we've got a big argument to make on a number of fronts now haven't we, so yeah, it feels like there's not many people out there speaking for us, doesn't it? Yeah, certainly on the, certainly after the second, the second one, that the Premier League of It is where it doesn't seem like we have a lot of people speaking for us, and we'll come to that in a moment, but I just want to take you back to November, I think it was the 21st of November when Everton were hit by the 10 point deduction.  I mean, how did you hear about it and how, you know, how did that hit you? Yeah, I picked up wind of it, because obviously there's a lot of briefing going on around our situation, isn't there? And I was getting kind of getting worried, but I still was thinking, well, like, you know, I don't know, I wasn't sure what it would be, but when the news came through, I was genuinely stunned. The biggest ever penalty in top flight football. You know, I mean, the reason why I was stunned is because I'd picked up that we'd opened up and we were, you know, trying to sort of be honest about the situation, and it just felt to me all along that that would count for something. And in the end, it seemingly didn't. And it just felt, wow, God, you know, what's the sort of benchmark they're setting here really in terms of, you know, the punishment and the way in which the behaviours are awarded or not. You know, it just felt, it just felt as though they hadn't got it right. I mean, I felt that ever since and I still feel it. In fact, I feel it even more now. Yeah, absolutely. I felt the anger, the anger that's just built up is saying that I don't think on that day quite hit me, but the days after when you start hearing other people's opinions and and then you know, you're not 100% sure of like, you know, when you hear stuff like you think, will he actually go through with it? One thing that hit me actually, you know, I've been involved in football a long time, you know, and I've been involved in regulation actually a long time as a government minister. What really struck me was how not just a number of people spoke up for us, just how little coverage there was of the situation, the fact that people just said, oh well, you know, so it's fine, but it isn't fine, is it? To have something like this just landed on a club like us without any real justification, explanation, because the Premier League haven't explained anything really have they as to how they're going about this. It just, you know, feels all wrong for a founder member of the Football League, founder member of the Premier League. No one's asking for special favours as a result of that, but you are asking for a degree of respect in terms of the way the club is treated and that seems to have been completely absent to me. Yeah, and you've mentioned the coverage previously because obviously the days afterwards we did have that big gap because I think we were going into an international weekend and you have mentioned yourself, you know, you've done an interview with Sky Sports News that was never shown. We actually did an interview with Sky Sports News that was never shown and previously before that Sky Sports had been very, any opportunity they could certainly to come and speak to us and do a live. They were all over that and have you heard anything since on from anywhere why that wasn't shown? Not to me directly and bear in mind as a politician of over 20 years frontline elected politician I've never had this happen to me before. If an interview is carried out, it's always used and particularly when it's a highly topical issue. So, I've not had that before. A journalist put it to me that they were lent on, but then I had it said to me third hand that they'd been in a group meeting with others where they said, oh, no, no, the news agenda changed and something bigger happened and we just didn't need it anymore. Well, okay, maybe, but I must say I'm not particularly buying it because, you know, to have thousands of people protesting at that match because it was the United Game. It was before the United Game that I had to take that interview. You know, loads of people talking about it or the fans, not just us. You know, everyone was talking about it that weekend just to say it wasn't newsworthy. I'm sorry, but that doesn't add up. And this is the thing, isn't it, about the Premier League as a regulator. It has a different relationship with the media, doesn't it, in terms of the selling of TV rights. So, you know, can its role as regulator be sort of separated from that? Is there not potentially a conflict of interests there? You know, the regulator with an ability to, if you like, have a different relationship with the media possibly even put some pressure on the media. That's what was put to me, that pressure was placed upon the media to not to show it. I don't know. I don't have evidence to prove that, but that is certainly the suggestion that was put to me. And if that is the case, that isn't what a fit and proper regulator does. A fit and proper regulator does not put pressure on the media not to cover up an issue if it's a little inconvenient. Yeah, it is very strange.  And there's a lot of conspiracy theories out there. But I know for us, we've done a lot of live stuff where it was in the studio or at Gouldersham Park previously on anything really, anytime they wanted, you know, a good line or a good headline or fill some space. And we know that, you know, they came into the studio actually within within an hour of the couple of hours, sorry, of the announcement of the 10 points. And number one, it wasn't done live, which is a little bit strange, but they actually sent a cameraman here from Sheffield and then another guy from Manchester to cover us that we don't normally have. And as you said there for a news cycle, especially going into a week, this was the weekend of the international break as well. So for a weekend where all the conversations was about Everton and the 10 point deduction, it's very strange that they couldn't find 20 minutes or even edit it down to a five minute segment to put in other segments to use. I found that really, really strange. And again, I don't know why that was the case, but it felt really strange to what had been used before. And as I said, I mean, as I said, I wouldn't want to start any conspiracies, but it just felt very, very different to the way we've seen it. We've been used in the media by Sky Sports News before. Well, I would completely agree. I mean, the thing is, you know, you think of a VAR controversy, they will rage about that all weekend and they'll just let everyone have their opinion about it. And that's the way it normally is and rightly so, isn't it? You know, they don't normally in any way kind of try to try and block out opinions about things like that. But you know, this was as kind of debated amongst people, wasn't it? Not just Evertonians. You know, everyone was thinking, oh, God, this is the standard and the way they're going to go about this. This has implications for everybody, and Forrest fans obviously are feeling that now. So to say it wasn't a kind of topic of interest is just, you know, I don't buy that at all. You know, something doesn't feel quite right. I know the way they briefed newspapers about my letter on the day that I sent it that afternoon of the United Game. My phone was pinging up. I was in the street on that day and my phone was pinging away as I was, well, I was always watching the ball sink into the back of the Gladys Street net within two minutes. But after that, I was getting these reports from journalists saying, the Premier League is saying this, the Premier League is saying that, you know. And a lot of it wasn't, in my view anyway, strictly true. So something doesn't feel right. Something doesn't add up. I don't think it's particularly healthy to be in a situation where there isn't a very clear public explanation of the approach to sanctions. I just don't think that is a healthy situation when so much is riding on it. People are so kind of, if you like, worried by this and, you know, they, you know, we know what it means to people and for the regulator, in this case, the Premier League, not to come out and really explain their position clearly for people and really to sort of lay out why it's being done like this and what the principles are that underpin it. Because there's big questions hanging here. You know, is this same formula that they sent to the Independent Commission in the summer? Is that now being used with the panels that are being convened to here, our second charge and forest charge? Yeah. And if it isn't going to be used, well, why isn't it going to be used? We just don't have an idea of the policy framework which they're using, do we? No. Well, I'll come back to that in a moment, but I just wanted to, you know, pick it up on what you just said about the media there, especially with the second charge, do you feel, do you feel that there has been, you know, briefing taking place between the Premier League and, dare I say, some client journalism? Because I feel like the reaction to the second one has been a lot harsher on Everton and also the information getting out. I mean, we know the information got out for the first one because we know that it had already been leaked that they wanted a 12 point one. You know, to hear people like David Ornstein and Martin Ziggler saying, certainly Martin Ziggler, I think was saying for weeks before that he felt like, haven't we got a second one? And then for the day before, that David Ornstein to actually put out there that we were going to get a second one. Do you feel like the Premier League have been using a lot of these contacts to their own favour? You know, because we have already spoke about Sky obviously, but for those other journalists, do you seem to be getting the stories ahead of everybody else?  That was a good fortnight before. So that was briefed and it could only really have been briefed by the Premier League. And as you say, the day before, you know, is that the way to do these things? You know, you're kind of dropping bits to favoured people here and there. I mean, it's not all been one way. Has it, you know, Henry Winter, I think has given pretty, you know, strong and independent coverage of the whole situation. But he seems more like an exception to me than what you would normally expect where you might. OK, you'd accept views on both sides, wouldn't you? It's not saying that we expect everybody to kind of see it from our point of view, but you'd expect more of a debate about the whole thing. And, you know, on the day of the Villa Games a couple of weeks ago, you know, I was aware of this letter that was landing from Dame Sue Owen, former Permanent Secretary at the Department for Culture, Media and Sports, A Brendon Barber, Chair of ACAS, and Mark Carney, former Governor of the Bank of England. Now, there's a pretty heavyweight trio, I would say, of public figures. And it got some coverage, but not masses really. And, you know, something doesn't feel quite right. And it does feel a little bit as though the Premier League is using the power of its media contacts book to manage this situation to a degree. And I'll just say it because that's in my experience in public life. You know, you've called it and I'm calling it. I don't think this is, you know, we're seeing a situation here to some degree being manipulated, I think. And it shouldn't be like that. This should be an open, transparent process where everyone knows where they stand. But we don't know where we stand, do we? I don't think the club knows where it stands. And it just can't be right. That breaches every principle of what good regulation should be. So, there was that big ruling before Christmas from the European Court of Justice on the Super League and the sanctions handed out as a result of that. And that ruling repeatedly says that a sanctions regime should be transparent. It keeps coming back and back to that kind of judgment. And, you know, in this case, the Premier League's approach has been anything but transparent. Yeah, and obviously, with the transparency, you obviously sent a letter to the Premier League. And, you know, there wasn't the greatest comeback from them. Have you heard any more on that? Because you were obviously very public and they wanted to sort of keep it on the down low. Has that gone any further, the original letter you sent them? I have two replies. I mean, they briefed from their reply to the newspapers. So, you know, that was kind of put out there by the Premier League. So, clearly, they gave a copy of their letter to the media. The second letter that I sent, I asked them some very pointed questions. One being, would they publish the minutes of the Premier League board meeting of the 10th of August, where they agreed this formula that was then sent to the Independent Commission. And I also asked them if they would publish details of that formula as it formed part of Mr Masters' submission to that commission. They just didn't give an answer on that topic at all. And I just took the judgement not to put it in the public domain, because it didn't answer my questions. But equally, I don't want to be accused of doing something that, you know, that breaches some sort of process here. So, you know, I put out there what I feel I can, but it's a difficult situation for everybody when they are not doing this via full public statements. I would have preferred they just published their letters in reply to me as I published mine. So, it shouldn't really be conducted like this, should it? And it shouldn't be for MPs on a committee in Parliament to be dragging some information out as well. This shouldn't be done like this. Good regulation requires a clear and transparent process, a clear and transparent sanctions framework. And we've got none of that, and hence we feel that we're not being treated fairly. Yeah, and you mentioned not being treated fairly. Obviously, Everton have had a second charge. I mean, what are your thoughts on the fact that the Premier League still continue to investigate Chelsea? And now they're saying they have got a date set for Manchester City, but they're not willing to actually go public with the date of that? Well, to me, I'm just focusing on Everton's situation and looking at whether this is being done properly. And I come back to the point about a clear policy to underpin what's happening because given that there is such an overlap between the two periods that are being considered as part of these two charges, surely there is an issue of double jeopardy here. Can somebody be tried twice for the same event and then punished twice? I mean, where's the policy on that? Surely there has to be a policy on that? It can't just be left to the independent commission because the point here is they've gone out this policy now 100 miles an hour, haven't they? From not really doing much about profit and sustainability rules, they've gone at it all of a sudden, they've gone into overdrive from nowhere, haven't they? And they've hit us with this charge. And now because they've got straight this new regime of dealing with it more within season, it's created quite a bizarre situation where one club could be hit twice in the same season. And that surely shouldn't be the policy intention. I wouldn't have thought it should be, but yeah, we don't know, do we? And then all of a sudden this week, there becomes a floating round of a transfer ban. Well, where's that come from? Do you know, Pedra, where that has actually come from? I honestly, the first time he saw it was Joe Thomas. Now, I don't know where Joe Thomas has come from. I don't know where he got it from. I don't know whether he's been given a tip or a nod somewhere. I really don't know, but it's just... She's all wrong, though, isn't it? Yeah, it feels very wrong. It's not the favourite journalist and it's putting a bit of information there and a bit in someone's ear over there.  And actually football sport is everywhere because what they're doing to us will become the precedent, won't it? And then potentially it could impact on lots of others. So why is a transfer ban suddenly being talked about? It's as if that's the solution to punish us over two seasons, isn't it? That you hit those with ten points this season and then the transfer ban will punish us next season because potentially we lose players in the summer as everyone is speculating. The same journalists who are speculating about our profit and sustainability situation are then speculating about our players being sold to other people. A transfer ban this summer would be... I think that would be potentially an even more damaging punishment than ten points. So who's driving this? It starts to feel like there's a vendetta against Everton somewhere within the system, doesn't it? It's been designed to damage us at every turn and prevent the club from going to a new home which is going to enhance the Premier League if we're allowed to be in the Premier League. The thing that I just still don't get my head around at all, why was none of that taken into account that it must be the case the way in which we're stretched with the stadium has had an impact on this. It just must be the case and equally the loss of a player, just a player disappearing from our books. Again that must have had an impact on our situation. It clearly hasn't helped our situation. Where is the balance here in this process and the obvious fairness? I honestly don't see it. Equally I don't want to go too far on the conspiracy road but we're told independent panel, independent panel, independent panel. It's nothing to do with the Premier League. If that is the case and they want us to believe this is all about an independent process they should have done a better job of due diligence on any conflicts of interest or any perceived conflicts of interest on the members of the panel who heard Everton's case. It just feels like the right way in asking the right questions. I don't know whether they were getting the right replies but it feels like the things Everton said to them they just completely ignored or didn't have an understanding of the things they were being told in terms of losing players, the loss of revenue because of the war in Ukraine, obviously Covid, these huge, huge things. Losing players without Everton having an ability to make any money on them. These huge factors don't seem like they had boxes to tick and none of the things Everton actually said to them matched up with the boxes they had to tick. It feels like the formula for whatever it was just wasn't there. Obviously the formula for giving a punishments as well just feel far too open-ended. Are they the things you must be worried about as well? Being so open-ended, the punishments and not having a formula. The Premier League I believe to have offered up a formula which would have resulted in Everton getting 10 points and yet somehow decaying to the 10 points but were not told what the formula was. That's obviously very worrying as well. It's very worrying and it's not right that they still haven't published that formula. How can we have confidence in the process going forward if they won't say whether or not that same formula will be used to guide the panels in the case of Forest and ourselves? Because none of it feels like it's consistent then, does it? The thing about any sporting, governing body or league is they have to ensure consistency and there has to be a clear perception of that consistency in terms of the way things are done but it looks anything but right now, doesn't it? I think we've established that the formula that was sent in to the independent commission began with six points for the offence, for being in breach at all and then adds a point for every five million. That's, as I understand it, that was sent in because the punishment comes back. Pretty much doing exactly that. The thing is, if you read that ruling from the independent commission, they give quite a wrap on the knuckles to the Premier League when it talks about this formula or policy they call it. They called it a policy, a policy being sent in mid consideration. They are quite strong saying this really shouldn't have been done given that we were set up on a different basis and therefore we are not going to accept this formula. It's a really odd part of the ruling I find and it's why I still believe and stand by what I said at the start. There's been an abusive process. If you start a regulatory process you have to stick to the basis on which you've done it. Mr Masters told the select committee last week that the policy is to have an open sanctioning regime. What he meant by that, not open as in transparent, I think open as in it's up to the commission. If that is the policy, why were they sending in a formula mid process? To what extent does that formula still have currency? They've also said always that the club voted against having a sanctioning policy or formula or framework. If that's the case, what were they doing sending something in? Because the minute you send in a formula you've set a precedent haven't you and you've therefore created a policy. To me anyway, none of it makes sense I just find that somebody has been involved in regulation as a government minister. Number one, transparency, otherwise you just get the feeling that you get a favour treatment for one and a different treatment for one and that's not good regulation. You can't have a lack of transparency about the rules before you start. The second thing I would say in all of my experience if somebody opens the books should reduce the penalty. It's a different way of engaging isn't it with a regulator and for that to get no alongside the other mitigations we spoke about let's get to it anyway. In my view, you cannot separate the treatment of Everton from the campaign the Premier League were running to try and do away with an independent regulator for football. The two are inextricably linked together. I was just going to come on to that obviously Richard Masters was in front of the select committee last week and he was put in front to ask some difficult questions I don't think he really did himself any favours and did the Premier League any favours but how did you view his appearance at that? Probably like you, I think he came quite close to misleading the committee. If you would probably say may have even misled it I don't know I will leave my judgment on that to others but I think I certainly raised my eyebrows least twice during that session one where he said to some way the Premier League has never had a policy of trying to push an independent regulator down the road he said that now I can tell you that I was on the receiving end of Premier League lobbying against an independent regulator and I know other politicians were as well so how does he square what he said there with what was going on behind the scenes if you like with the Premier League lobbying heavily not just a little bit heavily against an independent regulator and then he said that point about we have an open sanctioning regime well how does he square that with sending in a detailed formula to an independent commission again I don't think that tallies myself so that is what I took from his appearance and I don't think he cleared things up and in fact as I say I think he came quite close to giving misleading statements to the committee Yeah it seems do you find it worrying as well just how much football is actually moving into the political side of things at the moment because obviously we're not supposed to have any connection with that's what FIFA say between governments and football but a lot of people do seem to be a lot of MPs do seem to be getting involved with it seems like a hot topic at the moment is it do you find that a little bit worrying or do you find that something that has to come if we do push it towards the independent regulator No I find it the opposite I mean I know there's not a great deal on this podcast for my profession so let me just say that at the start but no I mean I think we are seeing the effects of very poor clandestine regulation and that's what Everton Football Club are currently on the receiving end where there are in my view conflicts of interest between the Premier League's role as the seller of media rights and the Premier League's role as a regulator of a league there's conflicts of interest there and hence why myself and other politicians over many years have said we need an independent statutory regulator for football given the money that's come into the game over the years given how much it matters to the public we need a regulatory system that does things in a very different way and obviously the Super League issue brought it right to the fore didn't it and the bill is landing in Parliament next month so you know the the bill to establish a regulator is about to land in Parliament so politicians are involved and I would say from our point of view right now will open transparent debate and a regulatory regime that might mirror something like we might see for one of the other utilities it's got to be better than what we're facing right now isn't it where we just don't have that transparency or that democratic oversight of what is taking taking place and I'd say it again you cannot separate the treatment of Everton from what is going on with the parliamentary debate about the football governance bill I have heard in the last couple of weeks that the Premier League has persuaded the government to leave the implementation and oversight of the profit and sustainability rules with the Premier League not to give that regime to a new regulator and again I think that's what this has all been about they've been trying to use their handling of us as a way of lobbying the government on that front and I'm pretty confident that what I'm saying is correct there and there are obviously talks that those rules are going to change as well the same rules that that haven't been deducted 10 points for could be changing in the summer as well so this makes it even seem even more dafft about what's happening to Everton and of course not even for us now that if they're going to change the rules they obviously already know they're not fit for purpose and we've seen at the moment no one's buying anybody I mean if the Premier League wants it to make a statement they have made a statement because no one's buying anyone so therefore the Premier League's not improving as a product and they much recognise that because they're looking to change the rules already and the irony of all of this is we were trying to improve ourselves to improve the Premier League and now who's going to improve their ground in this context it gets very challenging and very risky for anybody to do that so are these rules even working and aren't they just perpetuating the imbalances within football the gap within the Premier League how does it make it a more exciting product that I don't see that because the straight jacket it traps to use the words that the Chief Executive used the smaller clubs you know how do you ever break out of that and don't you just then trap the league in a system that is hard then to you know nobody can do a Leicester again or it would be very hard to do a Leicester wouldn't it and this regime becomes really baked in to the thing but as you say in their mad dash to show they can regulate they are about it would seem to hit one club twice in one season and another club once and then change the regime to align it with UEFA potentially in the summer so just how can that be right by all means punish Everton none of us have said don't have we no one has said that that is out of order but we are absolutely within our rights to say do it transparently and do it fairly and then consistently with what comes after and I think there is massive doubt about all of those things and you talk about the role of other decision makers in football politicians and others I mean it is where we have got to in Premier League football in 2024 decision making is shot to pieces on and off the pitch you can't celebrate a goal can you because you fear something is being manipulated behind the scenes and there is some I don't know can you have trust in this sort of industrial park somewhere wherever it is they are controlling whether you can celebrate a goal or not but then as we understand it from the timetable the Premier League has put out for these profit and sustainability rules nobody will be able to you can't celebrate Ducori scoring on the last season anymore because some other random bureaucrat is going to be deciding the final league placings about sort of a week or ten days after the end of the season where is the purity of the competition I never thought I would say it but I would totally get rid of VAR and go back to referees making decisions in the moment because if you are a referee on the pitch and you can at least know there is no extraneous things going through their mind just seeing it and giving it actually I thought VAR would be fairer and level up the playing field with decision making but it has done the opposite I prefer now to go back to people just making decisions in the instant because I think on balance you get a fairer treatment out of that than you do out of what we've got now I tend to agree with you because I think everything in football whether it's on the pitch or off the pitch is being taken to the ultimate limit now it's like because you can it's like in everything it's like because you can measure to the millimetre they are measuring to the millimetre on every single thing now the little bit of grace that anyone had in football whether as I said whether it's on the pitch or off the pitch seems to be removed now and they are looking for the absolute minimal details now to destroy our game and now absolutely my son was there and loads of loads of Evertonians travelled in there Thursday night for a start off to go down for an FA Cup game Thursday night a school night first week back for everybody that was bad enough wasn't it I think it was quarter to eight and then you get a situation like the one we saw ten minutes to go I mean what do they think that represents in terms of the treatment of those people who paid to get on that coach and go down there and then get back at and it would have been a coach because no one was getting back by rail what does that say to those people who are absolutely the heartbeat of the game aren't they getting back at four in the morning to have all of that taken off them because of a I don't know was it incompetence or was it I don't know I mean the danger for us all is we veer into like you know conspiracy we mustn't go there but my god we're owed some much more explanation for the situation we find ourselves in and just to have you know all of the game being decided by I don't know lawyers and god knows what Dave Kelly makes a good point you know we're all going to be transferred deadline day in the future is going to be done on chanceary lane with everybody outside you know we can sign the best KC for you know the fight for the rest of the season well you mentioned it before I mean if it plays out we could be finding out the Friday after maybe the last game of the season who's been relegated I mean that is that's what I mean what does that how is that anything for the Premier League you know in terms of like the last day present in the game with a big asterisk on it makes me ask you know a football people making these decisions in the Premier League or what or is this sort of you know what's happening here do they understand the reason why the Premier League is so popular because it's dramatic and it's vibrant and it's you know in the moment and that's what made it popular in the first place if you suck that spontaneity and that joy out of top flight English football you will kill what made it so-called the best league in the world well it really isn't heading in that direction right now is it people are watching matches sort of pondering the back room maneuverings that are going on and they're thinking about what lies behind that Everton thing and why the minute it's gone to that you're in a different place aren't you and they are really and this is why Everton's fight is everyone's fight every football suppose I should be concerned about this because what is actually guiding the game what are they doing where is the transparency the danger is once it's gone it's gone and that's the real risk they're playing with fire I think the Premier League in terms of the damage they risk doing to the game the chilling effect on decision making as you say if they really impact get inside every head of every owner and manager we're just going to end up with people being so cautious now that they won't you know won't invest they will be always looking over their shoulder and that will just drain the life out of Premier League football yeah I mean it used to be I mean obviously we could all just go the match and then suddenly we all had to become accountants to go the match now we have to be accountants and lawyers to go the match which is which is just terrifying just terrifying well plans to be the politician and having to go to the match imagine how that is because yeah we're involved that as well just going to ask you on that just a couple of more questions for you obviously we know there's a number of Labour MPs who have been very supportive on this is there MPs you don't have to name names obviously but is there MPs from other parties that have showed support from this but maybe haven't necessarily gone public with that yet yeah there are and you know without going through all the details I just think the person who conducted the fan-led review deserves credit Tracy Crouch she gets it and I think she's a real force for good and you know I think Tracy's done a really good job to be honest with the review and then what's come from the review but to be fair I thought the committee did a pretty good job and they asked some good good questions and that was MPs on both sides so you know I know as I say my profession gets a bad name at times but there are decent people on both sides who care who care about football and yeah I picked up a lot of worry to be honest so Ian Burn as you say has spoken out for us, Steve Rotherham you know credit to Steve gave up his Sunday morning recently to come down before the Villa game sat in the Spellow for an hour or two which is pretty brave when you're the copight in chief of the Liverpool city region but you know there's good support from people I'm amazed really how much I get people coming up to me saying God it isn't fair you know keep going keep asking the questions and that comes from a lot of quarters you know people have lots of different political persuasions so yeah maybe I pass that on just in case that gives people listening to the podcast some encouragement there's a lot of support for us out there even if everyone isn't making it publicly known I think people are you know kind of worried about what this means if a club like Everton are treated like this Well Ian Burn is my MP so I know he's a good fella just one final one just one final one for me just um you mentioned the letter that was sent in recently say Brendan the barber Mark Carney Dame Sue Owen you mentioned that it haven't got a lot of attracting in the media do you think that's one thing where Everton as a club or maybe I don't know on the outside of Everton we need someone to step up on our behalf I mean you're doing a brilliant job you're getting around different podcasts you're trying to get yourself on the news I mean you're trying to get yourself on the news that's if they'll show the clip but you think we need someone out there who will stand up and I know this is difficult for the club but just someone out there whether it be an ex-player someone with a little bit of kudos out there you can stand up and try and get that message across because I do think it's the one thing as a football club we're really missing and we all know there's obviously a lot of podcasts out there with you know a lot of ex-professionals whether it be Gary Linnaker or Gary Neville or whoever it is I think that's the one thing we're missing at the moment just that spokesman on our behalf you can cut through the noise and get this message across to people I can see why you asked the question for sure but the question would come what's the relationship with that person to the club and then immediately it could have implications with regard to what is an ongoing legal legal process so I think it's a difficult one and I think this comes back to everything that we've been talking about which is the lack of a clear regime that is guiding all of this because truthfully from what I know from people I speak to in the club they don't know where they stand in relation to what's going on things are being briefed to newspapers before being told to them you can't criticise them for feeling a bit worried then for how they something might be used against them might in it so who would that person be speaking for can the club speak in this process are they able to put their points of view out there other than to the appeal process so I think it's just a really unfair and unacceptable situation all round and it's one that we really shouldn't be and we shouldn't be going into the match always protesting should we and it's last days every single game should be a celebration now of Goodison Park what it's meant to English football not just to us but to English football this is the grandest of the last great old English grounds isn't it and yet they are shrouding it in protest and let's be clear about it they are doing this to us because of the way they are treating Everton football club it isn't right what they are doing I would be the first to say look if there was a regime that we understood and everyone knew about it well that's different but it isn't like that and I just don't feel they should be treating this club of ours like they are at this particular moment this particular moment in time so we'll keep coming on I think there's lots of us who are not just me there's lots of others who are speaking out and credit to Dame Sue, Sir Brendan and Mark Carney for getting out there their voice matters as well I just think we just got to keep keep pointing out how wrong this process is and I come back to it we're not saying there isn't a case to answer or some punishment is is justified just to start throwing it out there now that it might be a 10 point ban and a transfer ban I mean for the what effectively the same period or some of the none of it it feels right does it so credit to you and other podcasters we've just got to keep pointing out these discrepancies but where are you mainstream media step up and cover this properly this is about the future of English football you're conspicuous by your absence and by your silence absolutely absolutely it's about time they got some of us on to have a bit of a rant there you think these wonders going on having a bit of a rant wouldn't you I think Jamie Carragher said we had a debate about it online I don't know if you saw that and he said come on and I said I will no we invite yet I will go on and do it I did do the interview for Sky Sports news why is there a media blackout on this I think the media need to answer that question why where is the coverage that's it and they've got the power having the ultimately they can literally just keep us all in the dark it's important isn't it in my profession where there's live debates about things the media coverage illuminates things doesn't it and then it exposes a weakness or a loophole and then that's how the democratic process works but I don't see a democratic process here I see a secretive regulator doing things without justifying what it's doing with inconsistent potentially approaches to things and no one thinks that's a matter of public interest when this is the national sport we're talking about I just don't understand any of it to be honest I'll keep coming on these programs I do care about everyone and I get grief in Greater Manchester oh well you're doing this again but this is about the game isn't it and what is the game going forward and what's it about and will our kids enjoy it like we did as things stand know is the answer to that question yeah absolutely right just wanted to be fair that's all we want we just wanted to be fair and our game to move forward because I think also a lot of people are just really protective of the game as well we want the game to grow it's not always about just being Evan it's about looking at other situations that's not unfair and recognising it as well so I honestly think we could talk about this all night because there's so many facets of this which just leave you bewildered and scratching your head and obviously we've got to wait now probably till the back end of February to find out what the appeal is and obviously a lot of stuff will come off the back of that there's some hope before we go we've got a great manager haven't we yeah well listen we've actually got a game of footy this week and then there's Nefe Cup game and hopefully we can move forward and that always gives you hope doesn't it that always gives you hope it does and you know I see a squad of players here who've got more about them than we've had in recent times maybe that's the show and effect as well but they do don't they they're players that you can kind of get behind aren't they because you know they seem together to give a lot of themselves to games even if everything doesn't doesn't go to plan it the walls game is a real disappointment but maybe we would do one like that I don't know but I don't go into any game at the moment thinking as we did in the past well this is one you just got to grit your teeth and just accept the punishment it's not like that is it you still feel you can get things from games and that villa result was actually a really good result even though we didn't come out feeling like that so the progress we're making on the field in danger of missing it aren't we and I just worry a little bit they leave this cloud hanging over us all the time who's going to sign for us our players going to drift away that's another thing here isn't it they're just shrouding us in sort of controversy aren't they at the moment but let's be positive we've got a team that's worth watching we've got a manager that we can get behind there are positives aren't they yeah there are I suppose it's important not to carry that negativity into the ground because you're right what's going on in the pitch it's going alright and if we did have our 10 points back we'd be in a much healthier position I think we'd all be quite happy where the club was going but it's just that cloud isn't it just hanging over it covers everything and if we can get to the bottom of that and get away from that whatever way that unravels then give us some points back I think we'd all just be a little bit happier well I tried to do a big positive thing there at the end if we've lost 1-0 on Saturday night and Ross Barkley's got it then don't speak to me for a week that's fine because that's football isn't it that's football we know what football is we've done this all our lives we've had ups and downs it's the minute someone goes oh those points that you've won oh no you didn't actually win them I haven't gone this isn't our game anyway and I know what the clubs have suffered that and I know what the clubs are still suffering the likes of Redding and people like that but the minute someone it's not about what's going on in the pitch and the minute it's about something that's completely away from it and lawyers that's not football to me so if you get beat like you mentioned there Wolves got beat you have a debate why you got beat but as long as you're not bringing in you didn't have this play because we're not allowed to play because of this and oh yeah nonsense but Andy was absolutely great to have you on we'll stay in touch we'll keep ourselves updated with you as it proceeds let's keep this campaign going everybody absolutely credit to you for keeping it going but everyone else out there I think this is this is almost a bit of a defining fight in the future of Everton Football Club our parents grandparents and those who supported the club before us will be requiring us I think to be doing what we're doing and sticking together and speaking up for this great club of ours so let's keep tight together and keep it going there you go big thank you to Andy Bain for joining us to discuss all the latest on Everton and their 10 point deduction and the fight for football getting our game back and more importantly getting those points back make sure you're following Andy on twitter and keeping up to date with him fighting the good fight on Everton's behalf there you go make sure to give this video a like subscribe if you haven't already if you want more great videos join us over on toffee tv premiere for daily exclusive videos videos and podcasts without any avit whatsoever the link is in the description and the QR code is coming up on the screen now see you later


This research introduces single platinum atom sites coordination with oxygen atom, PTO, PTOFE, sites into single crystalline Fe2O3 nanoflakes photoanodes, SARS-PT, Fe2O3, of, which significantly increases the photoelectrical performance of hematite-based photoanodes. The single atom PT doping of Fe2O3 can induce few electron trapping sites, enhance carrier separation capability, and boost charge transfer lifetime in the bulk structure as well as improve charge-carrier injection efficiency at the semiconductor electrolyte interface. Further introduction of surface oxygen vacancies can suppress charge-carrier recombination and promote surface reaction kinetics, especially at low potential. As a result, the optimum SARS-PT, Fe2O3, of photoanode exhibits the photoelectrical performance of 3.65 and 5.30 milliampere cm2 at 1.23 and 1.5 ViG, respectively, with an applied bias photon to current efficiency of zero. This article was authored by Ruiting GAO, Jiang Wei Zhong, Tomahiko Nokojima, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


What is happening guys? Staff Sergeant Masiba here also known as our chisel on social media I am your host and welcome to the US Army basic combat training miniseries Your future starts here if you're watching this right now chances are you are currently a future soldier Someone who already enlisted into the US Army either active duty or army reserves You are probably also a high school junior a high school senior Someone who's in college already pursuing a degree or someone who already has a degree and about to ship to army basic training You came into the right place because the main intent of this video series is to show you guys about What to expect in army basic training and with the help of the US Army recruiting command I was sent back to where it all started for me my army career started in Fort Jackson, South Carolina in 2011 there was a lot of memories there good memories a lot of challenging experiences and Ultimately it's something that I will never forget because it's kind of like first day of school for me My first day in the army throughout the whole seven days. I was there We were able to interview drill sergeants trainees everyone on base showing you guys Important aspects of basic training so you guys are better prepared before you arrive at basic training today We are in Fort Jackson, South Carolina basic training and this is reception so far I know that nothing has changed. It's pretty much the same Later that night. It finally got real the trainees arrived in a bus all coming from different places But with one goal, which is to take the challenge to become an American soldier I would also like to introduce to you Sergeant first-class coach one of the company drill sergeants at Fort Jackson So first-class to make the culture my role in this organization I'm the company senior drill sergeant company senior drill sergeant kind of bridges the gap between People to drill sergeants and the company person for somebody in the school your training program You just have to keep an open mind. You have to understand that it is basic combat training. It's not supposed to be easy So when you get here and the drill sergeants introduce themselves That's your day one of training that that's training and that's just what we do here You have to come in with an open mind. You have to understand that it is based on combat training It's not designed to be easy meant to be challenging So as long as you keep an open mind and as long as you can start to instill kind of that mental toughness in yourself and understand it Eventually it will be over. You'll be perfectly fine This part of reception is when trainees go through a shake down to make sure that they do not have any Prohibited items before going to train once all trainees conduct admit in processing Male trainees finally proceed in getting their haircuts This haircut is actually more known as the Fort Jackson fade They also go through medical screening and reception and finally get their army uniforms for the very first time Pickup day is always a good one. Pickup day is always a good one because You tend to to see everybody's two colors on pick up Here's the chaos trainees must be accounted for to make sure that no one is missing from my personal experience This is that brief moment when you finally realize it in your mind in your head that This is it for the next nine weeks. There's no more backing out. You have to follow orders from your drill sergeants at all times Be in the right place at the right time and help a fellow trainee who might need help From here the journey begins in transforming from civilian to United States Army soldier Never ever give up all the sweat all the pain even if you have muscle failures It's just in your head and you'd be surprised how much you'd get fit


Hi everyone, so here's a quick and simple way to develop hand independence on the keyboard. First start with a simple pulse, 2, 3, 4, I'm choosing A with a toggling Root, Root, Octave, Root, Octave, Root, Octave then let's get in some chords, so A minor, G major, D major, F major or A minor back and you could play these chords 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4 at minims and slowly to bring in some independence 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and 1 and 2 and pick whichever chord usually the second and the fourth chord, the alternate chords and 3 and 4 and 1 and 2 and 3 and play those either before the beat 3 and 4 at the ends or after the beat we call a delay or anticipation which I showed you earlier 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and 1 this delay


In this presentation, we will introduce the concept of notes payable as a way to finance a business. Support accounting instruction by clicking the link below, giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website, broken out by category, further broken out by course. Each course then organized in a logical, reasonable fashion, making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources such as Excel practice problems, PDF files, and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again, click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. Most people are more familiar with notes payable than bonds payable. The note payable basically just being a loan from the bank, typically. The bond payable is a little more confusing just because we don't see it as often, especially as a financing option from the business perspective. We often see it more as an investing or a type of investment. But from a loan perspective, it's very similar in that we're going to receive money to finance the business if we were to issue a bond or if we're taking a loan from the bank and then of course we're going to pay back that money. The difference between the note and the bond is that one, the note is something we typically take from the bank, whereas a bond is something we can issue to individuals. So a bond we could have more options in terms of issuing the bonds than we do for a loan. Typically when we have a loan, we typically are going to have less resources we can take the loan from the bank. When we pay back the bond, we often think of the bond as two separate things and we set it up as two separate things, meaning we have the principle of the bond that we're going to pay back at the end and then we have the interest payments which are kind of like the rent on the money that we're getting. We're getting this money, we're going to have to pay rent on it just like we would pay rent if we had got the use of any physical thing and that's going to be the interest. For a bond, we pay interest, just the interest as we go typically and then we pay back the principle at the end. So we kind of separate the two. We separate the rent from giving back the original principle. We could do that for a note, note that a note has a lot of flexibility, a loan has a lot of flexibility. We can set it up in many different ways. We could set it up in such a way that we're going to pay back both interest and principle at the end of the loan. So that would be one common way to set up a loan, meaning if we got this money today, we might say, hey, we're not going to pay it back, the loan is set up that whenever it's due, if it's due within five years, we're not going to pay anything until the end, meaning we're going to pay the original back plus any interest that we owe the rent on the money, on the usage of the money we got at the end of the five-year time period. That's one way we could set it up. Most people are more familiar with an installment type of setup where we're going to be paying back periodically as we go. If we talk about a mortgage or if we talk about a car payment or something like that, typically we have monthly payments. The bank likes that and people like that oftentimes because then it gives us a standard number to look at. This is what we owe each month and we can see the progress of it and we can feel comfortable that the payments are happening. So that's a typical way that a loan is going to be set up. So that would be another format we can set up as. We can say we have a standard payment. We're getting a loan for this amount and then we're going to make standard monthly payments possibly as we go. And those payments will include principal and interest. This is going to be the confusing piece right here, the fact that the payments that we make monthly, if we have some installment type of payment agreement that we're paying back, the fact that the payments include principal and interest is confusing and takes a little bit more understanding. So we'll go through that calculation. It's a little different from a bond, which is almost easier in a lot of ways because the bond we can separate the two. The bond we say, hey, this is the principal that we're going to pay back at the end. We can present value that or think about what the value of that will be at the end of the term. And then we think about the interest component that we pay periodically as we go, just like if we were renting an apartment, we pay the rent as we live in it and then at the end of our lease, we give back the apartment. Here it just happens to be the same thing. We have money. We got money. We're getting to use the money and we're paying back up something, we're paying back rent on the use of the money as we go and then we're going to give back the original money at the end. That would be a bond. In terms of an installment note, however, we're giving back some of this original amount and we're going to be paying some interest with every payment. And the tricky thing is that as this original amount goes down, the amount that is allocated to interest will decrease and that's what we're going to have to do an amortization table and we'll have to figure out then how much of each of these payments are going to be related to interest, how much is going to be related to principal, because each payment will have a different portion related to interest and principal. You might ask why we would set it up that way. Why would we do that? Well, our main goal here is to make the payments standardized. So that's what people want to see. The bank wants to see that we can make the payments on a standard amount and people want to have a standard payment so they know exactly what they're going to pay. The only way to do that is to adjust the amount that's going to be allocated between interest and principal because those two will vary as we go. This will make sense as we do the calculations as we go through amortization tables.


And then I think almost last is in the data sets, the tables now apply the theme of the data set. That was not there before. So the, it's open a data set, walk to the home screen, open state sets, go to the table, do the same, the previous version. I'm connecting to the same server with the two apps. So the tables were always blue. We were losing the color contextualization, but now they are actually getting the color from the color assigned to the data set at configuration. The scrolling has also improved. It's more robust and smooth now. And then the data entry field that we display now shows the context of this breadcrumb-like label here is telling the user all the time, what is the data element that you are actually entering the values for? And this is a text. So that's why the keyboard is a text. And data entry before was just opening the keyboard without context like this. So I can move, but I have to actually look at the table to know what am I entering.


Good afternoon. I have just accepted Her Majesty the Queen's kind invitation to form a new government. Let me pay tribute to my predecessor. Boris Johnson delivered Brexit, the Covid vaccine and stood up to Russian aggression. History will see him as a hugely consequential prime minister. I'm honoured to take on this responsibility at a vital time for our country. What makes the United Kingdom great is our fundamental belief in freedom, in enterprise and in fair play. Our people have shown grit, courage and determination time and time again. We now face severe global headwinds caused by Russia's appalling war in Ukraine and the aftermath of Covid. Now is the time to tackle the issues that are holding Britain back. We need to build roads, homes and broadband faster. We need more investment and great jobs in every town and city across our country. We need to reduce the burden on families and help people get on in life. I know that we have what it takes to tackle those challenges. Of course it won't be easy but we can do it. We will transform Britain into an aspiration nation with high paying jobs, safe streets and where everyone everywhere has the opportunities they deserve. I will take action this day and action every day to make it happen. United with our allies we will stand up for freedom and democracy around the world recognising that we can't have security at home without having security abroad. As Prime Minister I will pursue three early priorities. Firstly I will get Britain working again. I have a bold plan to grow the economy through tax cuts and reform. I will cut taxes to reward hard work and boost business led growth and investment. I will drive reform in my mission to get the United Kingdom working, building and growing. We will get spades in the ground to make sure people are not facing unaffordable energy bills and we will also make sure that we are building hospitals, schools, roads and broadband. Secondly I will deal hands on with the energy crisis caused by Putin's war. I will take action this week to deal with energy bills and to secure our future energy supply. Thirdly I will make sure that people can get doctors appointments and the NHS services they need. We will put our health service on a firm footing. By delivering on the economy, on energy and on the NHS we will put our nation on the path to long term success. We shouldn't be daunted by the challenges we face. As strong as the storm may be I know that the British people are stronger. Our country was built by people who get things done. We have huge reserves of talent, of energy and determination. I am confident that together we can ride out the storm, we can rebuild our economy and we can become the modern brilliant Britain that I know we can be. This is our vital mission to ensure opportunity and prosperity for all people and future generations. I am determined to deliver. Thank you.


So I'm logged in as the administrator, typically your admin will want to install it at the system level if it's something that you're using across campus. So I'll show you that part just real briefly. I've actually already got it set up on this instance of Sakai, so we'll just kind of preview some of these settings, but when you go into the administrator workspace, there's an external tools tool that you can use to set up all sorts of LTI tools for your instance. And so if you were installing a new one, you would go to this link and configure it. I've already got it on here, so I'm just going to search for it. And let's see we'll go to this one because I know I named it so I could find it with LTI at the end. So when you install it there's a bunch of different settings and I just want to call out a few of these because they're the ones that are sort of important to make sure that it works the way you want it to. So the tool title is what it's going to show up as in the list of tools that faculty choose from. So you just want to have it something that faculty will recognize. So if they know the tools called hypothesis then that would be your tool title that's kind of the generic name that's going to show up in the tool selection list. So one setting that is important and we found this out recently, it's really important to allow that tool title to be changed, because that's what allows the instructor when they're creating an assignment in their course to change the title of the link, so that it's a unique title for grading purposes. So that makes it talk to your grade book correctly. So make sure that that's allowed. Now some of these other things are optional like if you wanted a custom icon, if you want to let people change the icon. Those are up to your admin. The button text is one that I usually allow people to change because again you want to be able to modify that title so that it appears with the correct title when it shows up as a button. The status would be enabled. And this server I have it stealth because I'm only using it in a couple of sites. So if it's something where you're rolling it out to just select people. You might want to stealth it and then just add it to those courses specifically in terms of, you know, making it available as opposed to having it just there for anyone to select. If you're rolling it out to everyone at the institution, you can go ahead and make it visible for everybody and it will show up in that tool list. This information, the launch URL, the launch key and the launch secret, those are all going to be provided to your institution by hypothesis. So you'll get that information from them and it's unique to your account. So that information will vary depending on your individual subscriptions. Scrolling down a little bit, again, there's a lot of settings in here, not all of them you need to worry about. But I do want to make sure that you check these send user names and send email addresses. That's how it knows who the people are that are in the tool and can create those accounts. So if you do want to, if you expect to grade it, you want to check these boxes next to the grade related items as well as the roster. So I usually just check all four of those things under services. And this first box here allow it to be launched as a link. That's actually true. So that's a safe one to select some of these others you don't need to worry about too much. But this last one here allow the tool to be one of the assessment types. This is actually a new thing that's in the newer LTI changes that have just been implemented in Sakai. And if you select this option, particularly in Sakai 21 and up, it will actually let you make it an LTI assignment type using the assignment tool. And I can show you that if you guys are interested right now this server that I'm on is running 20 X. So this is not Sakai 21 that we're looking at right now but I did record a short video clip that shows what it looks like in 21. I didn't want to trust the QA server to not go down on me because they restarted about this time of day so. Maybe if you could share the link to that video, then people can take a look at it in their free time. Yeah, I haven't uploaded it yet. I can share it out afterward. We'll email everybody who registered and so we can share it. Okay, yeah, that'd be great. I can do that. So launching a pop up usually I will let that be something that people can change because sometimes people like to have it launch in its own windows so that you get just the the editor, you know, or just the annotator. Sometimes people prefer to see it framed in assignments or wherever else they are in the course. So I usually leave that up to the instructor and allow that to be changed. The rest of the items you don't have to worry about you don't need to worry about LTI 1.3. So those are all the settings that are really important when you're setting it up from the admin area. Now once it is set up. Then individual instructors will be able to just select it when they choose. When they choose a tool. Or when they install something and actually you know what let me just, I'm going to make it unstealthed so I can show you guys what that looks like in the list. So this is really helpful. Just kind of like basic walkthrough, especially because you notice to Kai so well it's been so long since I've actually worked with it day to day that I fumble around a lot more so I really appreciate this. No problem. All right, so now that I've made it unstealth this makes it available for anyone to select and I'm going to go into a course here. So you would find it in site info. This is where you choose the tools that you want in your course. So if you go into manage tools here, any LTI tools that have been installed system wide like that will show up under external tools. So you can see there it is the hypothesis LTI and I've got it in here a couple different ways because I was testing some stuff but so you it would appear here. Some of our clients actually like the LTI tools to appear in this upper list, and that can be done with some properties settings that would be specific to that institution so that's a minor thing that we could customize for you if you prefer to see it in this list up here. Otherwise, it just shows up under this expandable list of external tools. So once you've selected it, if you select it here what it does is it places it in the sidebar of the course so it's going to show up over in the navigation menu so that's one way to add it. As you can have it be one of your tools over here on the side. So you'll see this one, the external tool. This is one that was added in that manner. That's usually not the preferred way though most people prefer to add it in lessons. So if you go to lessons. This is where people will typically put the assignment right within the flow of their content. So there is an external tool here as well. So when you add content here, and you choose to add external tool. You'll see any external tools that are already set up, and you can choose the one that you want. I want to change those settings that I left allow editing. So I want to call this. Let's call it. I don't know. Report. And I don't want to debug it that's just for testing purposes. I'm going to let it open in the frame I'm not going to launch in a pop up but I can always change that if I choose. So let me go ahead and just pop that in there. So then it's going to take me back to my lesson page. And I see my link to the hypothesis assignment. And if I click here, it's going to take me right into that setup process. So this is where you would select the web page or PDF that you want to annotate. Now you can currently select from Google Drive or you can enter a URL. So if you wanted to use an item that's in resources, you can do that by pasting in the URL of the resource. So if you actually select something from resources in your course. I probably should have had the resources tool active in this course I didn't think about that ahead of time. Let me just turn it on real quick. All right, so resources is where you upload your files in Sakai. All right, so here's here's some files that are already in resources. And I'm just going to look to see. Okay, you want to make sure if it's something that you're sharing across courses which is what I'm doing right now that it's something that's public. The people in that site should have access already because they have rights to see it in the course, but I'm making this one public because I'm sharing across courses. So if you go into edit the details for an item. You can grab the URL here. It will allow you to link it in hypothesis so if I go back to that report that I was working with. And that was on my lessons page. So I go in here. And I'm going to paste in the URL that I got from resources. So then it places that item here and allows folks to go in and annotate on top of it. Now what we would like to do in partnership with hypothesis is make it so that you don't have to go find that URL you can just browse and select. So we want to make that not a pain point that you have to go and copy and paste. So that's kind of on the roadmap. We're not there yet, but that is something that we want to to work on making much more smooth so that instead of just the two options that you'd have a third option to browse and resources and select from there. But that's how you would add it on a lesson page. And then the the other place that you can add it in Sakai 21 as I mentioned is within an assignment.


Hello everyone, welcome back to another session in dentistry and more. So we are continuing our prosanotic sessions So today's topic is the rest and rest seats So today's session will be discussing in detail about various types of rest and rest seats the preparation of rest seats its properties Advantages and disadvantages. So as we all know Rest are kept on tooth restoration only or enamel So appropriate use of teeth requires consideration as to how best to engage teeth for the supportive qualities So the most effective resistance can be provided if the tooth is stressed along its long axis So suppose this is our tooth So it should be the resistance can be provided if the tooth is stressed along its long axis. So It should be parallel to the long axis So the prosthetic framework should engage the tooth in a manner that Encourages axial loading. This is the axial loading So the use of rest with removable partial-danger processes which was developed by Bonwell in 1899 As per definition given by GPT Rest is a rigid extension of a RPD that contacts the occlusion incisal singulum or lingual surface of a tooth or Restoration the surface of which is commonly prepared to receive it Whereas a rest seat It is a prepared recess in a tooth or restoration Created to receive the occlusion incisal Singulum or lingual rest so classification according to McCracken The basis of tooth surface prepared to receive them Can classify it as occlusion singulum rest then incisal rest and Lingual rest this is based on McCracken whereas according to Stuart a classified on the basis of function they serve as primary or Secondary, okay secondaries also known as auxiliary rest And another one more classification is there that is anterior and posterior rest So what are the basic functions of rest? The first function is to provide resistance against the occlusion load then to direct forces of mastication parallel to the long axis of the abutment tooth and To maintain the retentive terminal of the clasp arm in its intended position Then to prevent the danger base from seating past its intended position Then to provide the lateral stability against undue horizontal stress to the soft tissue of the ridges then to close a small space between teeth by bridging the space Using occlusion rest to maintain the occlusion contact with opposing teeth to prevent extrusion of abutment teeth To help where tipping or rotation of tooth has impaired Functional occlusion and to provide indirect retention using auxiliary rest. So these are basic functions of rest so what are the basic considerations while Preparing a rest and rest seat The first thing is forces that are applied to a RPD must be transferred to the supporting teeth and tissues in a traumatic fashion There should not be any trauma while transferring the force to the supporting structures and rest should be sturdily placed in Properly prepared rest seat Sturdily placement basic considerations then rest seat should be within the confines of the Greatest tooth mass and there should be having more periodontal ligament fibers. Okay Should be where we have more periodontal fibers That is a rest seat should be within the confines of the greatest tooth mass and it should not be placed on a inclined tooth surface so inclined Tooth surface we should not keep there should not be any sharp angles Sharp angles so sharp angles and inclined planes sharp angles and The minimum thickness is 1 mm and there should not be any undercuts 1 mm thickness and undercuts There should not be any undercuts So let's see what is the difference between primary rest and Secondary or auxiliary rest so primary rest a rest which is a part of a retentive class Assembly which is known as primary rest it prevent vertical movement of a process is towards the tissues and also help Transmit applied forces to the supporting teeth and it should be shallow and saucer shaped and should be function as Ball and socket joint, you know, what is ball and socket joint? So this is a socket and this is the ball Whereas an auxiliary or secondary rest a rest that is responsible for additional support or indirect retention It is for indirect retention Or for additional support that is known as auxiliary rest or secondary rest. They are used in the extension RPD's such as a class 1 class 2 and class 4 class 4 will be long span Cases so in these type of extension RPD's the secondary auxiliary rest will be used Now, let's see one by one. The first one is occlusion rest Occlusion rest So as you see the picture here, it is a rigid extension of Removable dental processes that contacts the occlusion surface of a tooth or restoration Or the occlusion surface of which may have been prepared to receive it So you can see the form is Triangular shape where the base is the marginal ridge and apex is towards the center You can see the mesiodisthral diameter of a rest that is one third to one half of the Mesiodisthral diameter So the rest should be in that dimension and the buccal ingle dimension It should be one half of the total buccal ingle width and regarding the Angulation. Angulation is very important So angle formed by the occlusion rest and the vertical minor connector should be less than 90 degree So you can see this is less than 90 degree So when the rest it is less than 90 degree and more than 90 degree You can clinically understand it Using a explorer. So when you probe it Approximately the explorer will not slip off if the angulation is less than 90 degree and Explorer will slip off the rest seat if it is pulled Approximately if the angulation is greater than 90 degree and less than 90 degree It is a posterior acid if it is more than 90 degree It is not a positive one and the floor of the occlusion rest seat There should be a reduction of the marginal ridge to a depth of 1.5 millimeter Now, let's see how do we prepare occlusion rest in a sound enamel in an existing restoration or a new restoration or in a crown in lace on lace so When we prepare a rest seat in a sound enamel The preparation of rest seat always must follow proximal preparation never preceded So proximal preparation Should be first, okay, then only Should be first Then only the rest seat Never forget Proximal preparation should be first then we can do the rest seat second First should be the proximal preparation then the rest seat So the occlusion rest see in sound enamel may be prepared with a diamond points Diamond points of approximately the size of number six and eight round bus or even you can use Carbide bus Whereas the occlusion rest seat preparation in existing restoration is same as an enamel There is a proximal preparation should be first then rest seat should be placed rest seat preparation in Amalgam should be avoided because of the Creep problem Whereas occlusion rest seat in new restoration they should be placed in the wax pattern So the location of the occlusion rest should be shown when the tooth is prepared for a crown or an Inlay so that the sufficient clearance may be provided in the preparation for the rest Whereas occlusion rest seat in crown in lace or on lace, okay, so crown Inlays or on lace So most ideal way of getting a positive support it is indicated in rotated inclined tooth mandibular bicuspid with rudimentary cusp or Tooth with abrasion So these are generally made larger and deeper than the enamel and Those made in abutment crowns Supporting tooth toothbound dentures may be slightly deeper than those in abutment supporting a distal extension base That is a abutment crown supporting toothbound dentures They will be slightly deeper than those in abutment supporting a distal extension case. Okay, so the toothbound Cases will be having slightly deeper than the distal extension So what are the types of occlusion rest? The first one is internal occlusion rest internal Occlusion rest I'll just put over that is occlusion rest So so see the picture here a totally tooth support at partial denture may use internal occlusion rest for tooth occlusion support and Horizontal stabilization so the occlusion support is derived from the floor of the rest seat and from an additional occlusion Bevel if provided So the horizontal stabilization is from the near vertical walls of this type of rest seat It should be parallel to the path of placement slightly tapered occlusion. You can see the slight tapering here and Doubtail to prevent dislodgement approximately What are the advantages of this internal occlusion rest that it facilitates the elimination of a visible glass or buckly that is the most Common problem we face with the rest Occlusion visibility so this will not be visible and Permits the location of the rest seat in a more favorable position in relation to the tipping axis of the Abortment because it is inside the second one is long or continuous rest long or Continuous Rest So the rest can be designed to extend entirely across the occlusion surface of Two or more teeth and in some instances across the entire arch Can see here when occlusion force is delivered in one area all the remaining teeth act in unison To provide support because it is a single framework So with planning this type of rest can restore the occlusion plane provide support and spleen the arch The third one is ring rest So for clinical situation with a buckly inclined maxillary molar Serving as a distal terminal abortment for a RPD. Okay, so buckly Inclined maxillary molar which serves as a distal terminal abortment for a RPD The use of a ring rest with a long guiding plane can be considered as a cost-effective and efficient alternative design option So this is a scenario can use it in this scenario where the Maxillary molar which is buckly inclined act as a distal terminal abortment next one is Interproximal occlusion rest Interproximal Occlusion rest which is also known as temperature rest The design of a direct retainer assembly may require that Interproximal occlusion recipe used So these are prepared as individual but adjoining occlusion rest seeds as you see here and Preparations must be extended further link only and adjacent rest Rather than a single rest are used to avoid interproximal wedging by the framework So also to shun the food away from the contact points and we should take care to avoid eliminating contact point of abetment teeth and Sufficient to structure must be removed to allow for adequate bulk of the components to be so shaped that occlusion will not be altered Fifth one is extended occlusion rest Which is indicated in Kennedy's class 2 modification one Kennedy's class 3 situations when the most posterior abortment is a measly tipped molar So this rest should extend more than one half of the measles means your distal width of the tooth It should be approximately one third of the buckling width of the tooth And it should allow for a minimum of one millimeter thickness of the metal and the preparation should be rounded with no undercuts or sharp angles So that was all about the occlusion rest So we learn internal occlusion rest long continuous rest Ring rest Interproximal or m pressure rest or extended occlusion rest. So this can be alone asked as a short essay or short note So it is very important this rest and rest seat and previously we were discussing how to Prepare rest seat on enamel on only crown existing restoration or a new restoration All are important now. We have the lingual or singulum rest lingual or singulum rest a metallic extension of a partial removable dental processes Framework that fits into a prepared depression within an abortment tooth's lingual surface So lingual or singulum rest are used primarily on maxillary canines So the thickness of enamel on the lingual surface of mandibular canine rarely allows a lingual rest to be used That is why it is mostly on the maxillary canines lingual rest provides improve aesthetics. That is a most striking or attractive feature of lingual or singulum rest The outline form as you see picture here a slightly rounded V is prepared on the lingual surface at the junction of the gin chival and middle one-third of the tooth can see the V here The apex of the V is Directed incisely the proximal view Demonstrate the correct angulation of the floor of the rest seat. It should be less than 90 degree Can see from a mesial occlusion and all aspects So the mesial distal length of the preparation should be minimum of 2.5 to 3 mm and labial lingual width about 2 mm. This is labial lingual. This is mesial distal and incisor apical depth minimum of 1.5 mm Okay so the mesial distal should be 2.5 to 3 mm labial lingual should be 2 mm and incisor apical depth should be minimum of 1.5 mm So it is located closer to the rotational center of the supporting tooth and does not tend to tip the tooth Sometimes we need to follow a round lingual seat Form that is mesial of the canine teeth when Typical singulum rest is contraindicated because of any large restoration lack of clearance with the opposing teeth or poor singulum so we might Go with a round lingual seat form Which should be a spoon shaped similar to occlusion rest seat and it is more difficult due to the incline of the lingual surface and Lingual rest seat on a cast restoration. Okay when we do this on a cast restoration When a crown needs to be placed on an anterior tooth and a rest seat is required The rest seat should be placed in the wax pattern first The floor of the rest seat is readily carved to be the most apical portion of the preparation a saddle like shape Which provides a positive rest seat located favorably in relation to the long axis of the tooth So the framework of the denture is made to fill out The continuity of the lingual surface so that the tongue contacts the smooth surface without the patient being conscious of the bulk or the irregularities of this rest and The lingual rest may be placed on the lingual surface of a cast veneer crown a 3 quarter crown an inlay or a laminate veneer or a composite restoration So that was all about the lingual or singulum rest So if we finished the occlusion rest and lingual rest now we have the third one that is incisal rest So incisal rest are placed at the incisal angles of the anterior teeth Which is less desirable than lingual rest and receipts for anterior teeth Nevertheless, they may be used successfully if abutment or sound and cast restoration cast restoration are not indicated So the incisal rest may be used on a canine abutment in either arch But the singulum can be used only on the upper arch So this incisal rest is more applicable to the mantular canine Okay, so this type of rest provides definite support with relatively little loss of tooth structure and little display of metal Unlike the occlusion rest So the labial view demonstrate inclination of the floor of the rest seat Which allow forces to be directed along the long axis of the tooth as nearly as possible can see the floor of the rest seat which is Helping the force to be in a Direction that is parallel to the long axis of the tooth and the proximal edge of the rest seat is rounded rather than straight The lingual view shows that all borders of the rest seat are rounded to avoid any sharp line angles It should appear as a small v-shaped notch located approximately 1.5 to 2 mm from the proximal incisal Ankle can see here. The deepest part of the preparation should be toward the center of the tooth mesiodisterly The notch should be rounded and should extend slightly onto the facial surface to provide a positive seat for the rest So that was about incisal rest. So that was all about rest and rest seats So this session was basically about the occlusion lingual or singulum or incisal rest seat So it can be asked to say long assay short assay or short not anything can be asked as a short not The occlusion rest or its type lingual or singulum rest incisal rest its rest seat preparation on enamel cast restoration or crown or anything so always draw picture It is very helpful when you draw picture and shows the angulation and the size and shape of the rest seat rather than writing up the same thing and Paragraphs, so hope you understood this concept of rest and rest seats. So I'll come with a new topic in prosthodontics. Thank you


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And then to other parts of Africa, two suspects have been charged with murder and attempted murder over an assassination attempt on a Ugandan government official in which the minister was wounded and his daughter and driver were killed, Hussain Ismayo and Yazi Yusuf Siraji attempted unlawfully to cause the death of General Kantuba Wamala, Ugandan's work and transport minister the charge sheets showed. On June 1st, Marx's gunmen on motorcycles intercepted Kantuba as he traveled through Kisasi, a suburb of the capital, Kampala. They sprayed his vehicle with bullets, killing his daughter and driver, but at the time they attacked Kantuba's bodyguards showed him and fired back. The bodyguard was unhurt.


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Antropion is a disorder in which the eyelid border slides inward, causing eyelashes and fur to brush against the eye's surface. Cats can develop antropion at any age, although it is more prevalent in kittens and elderly cats. Antropion in cats can be caused by eye infections, but it can also be caused by rubbing fur, which can cause an eye infection or damage to the eye surface, corneal ulceration. Antropion treatment varies depending on the cause, but it is typically a mix of eye medicines and surgical correction of the inward rolling of the eyelids. Antropion occurs when the edge of the eyelid rolls inward toward the surface of the eye. Antropion causes the eyelashes and the fur on the eyelid to rub against the surface of the eye, causing irritation to the eye membranes, conjunctiva, or damage to the cornea. Antropion can develop in either the upper eyelid or the lower eyelid but is most common in the lower lid in cats. Antropion typically occurs in young cats less than a year of age and elderly cats older than 10 years of age, but any age cat can become affected. Antropion is hereditary when it is caused by breed-related facial features, such as in the Persian, Himalayan, and Burmese breeds. This can also be referred to as primary antropion, meaning that it is related to the breed characteristics and was not caused by another eye problem. Causes of Antropion in Cats In young cats, antropion is most often caused by chronic squinting from eye infections which is called spastic antropion. This commonly get eye infections from viruses and bacteria which cause painful conditions like conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers. The eye pain causes intense squinting, which eventually causes the eyelid edge to flip inward, resulting in antropion. The rubbing fur from the antropion often worsens the eye pain, causing even more squinting and worsening of the antropion, leading to a vicious cycle of pain and further damage. In elderly cats, antropion most often develops due to the eye sinking deeper into the eye socket. As cats age, they lose fat and muscle from behind their eye leading to the sunken appearance of their eyes. As the eye sinks, the eyelid edge is also sink. Eventually, the sunken eyelids flip inward resulting in antropion. The irritation from the eyelid fur often causes more squinting and the antropion to worsen over time. Cats that are brachycephalic, meaning they have short noses and bulgy eyes like Persians, Himalayans, and Burmese can have antropion related to this facial conformation. The short nose and bulgy eyes cause crowding below the eye, pushing the inner, lower eyelids towards the eyes leading to inversion of the eyelid margin and antropion. Antropion can also be a developmental condition seen in young, unneutered male cats of the larger cat breeds, such as Maine Coons. These cats tend to have very large jowls or cheek tissue, and this can cause the lower eyelids to be pushed upwards towards the eyes, leading to antropion. Symptoms of Antropion in Cats. Antropion causes the fur to rub on the eye surface from the inward rolling of the eyelids, causing irritation and ocular pain. Symptoms often include squinting, sunken appearance to the eye, the raised third eyelid, pawing at the eye, increased tearing, epiphora, or mucoid eye discharge, red, puffy eye membranes, conjunctivitis, hazer cloudiness to the cornea, if a corneal ulcer is occurring. Antropion can develop in one eye or both eyes depending on the cause, and the eyes may have different symptoms if one eye is worse. Since these symptoms can develop with many different eye diseases, it is very important to have your cat examined by a veterinarian soon after symptoms start. Antropion is diagnosed during a complete eye exam, which will also likely include a specialized green dye, fluorescent stain, test to check your cat's eye for a corneal ulcer from the antropion. Hello. This video is sponsored by Beamix Pets. Are you looking for high quality cat collars at an affordable cost? Check out BeamixPets.com. Use coupon code KittenLife, to get 20% off. Eyelid surgery. Antropion is most often treated with eyelid surgery. While there are a few different techniques, antropion surgery involves removing a small wedge or smile shaped piece of fur and skin from below the abnormal eyelid margin. When this area is stitched closed with delicate sutures, the eyelid margin is pulled away from the eye, flipping it back into the normal position. Antropion surgery in cats has a very good success rate. Your vet may recommend delaying antropion surgery if your cat is a young, larger breed, male cat because sometimes they will grow out of it. Eyelid filler injections. Very recently, veterinary ophthalmologists have reported using a hyaluronic acid eyelid filler injection, like collagen lip injections, to treat eyelid and tropion in elderly cats. This technique is appealing as it is usually performed without anesthesia, which can be less expensive and less risky for older cats. The outcome is much harder to predict and control, however, as compared to traditional surgical correction. Antibiotics. Antibiotica medications are often used in cats with entropion to prevent a bacterial infection from developing, especially if there is a corneal ulcer. Sometimes pain medications are recommended even without surgery, but it is important to note that these are given by mouth, there are no pain relieving a drops for cats. Your vet may use a numbing a drop during the eye exam, but this cannot be used as an ongoing treatment for pain. Antropion surgery cost for cats. The cost of entropion surgery depends on a few main factors. Your geographic location or cost of living. Whether the surgery is performed by a general practice vet or a board certified veterinary ophthalmologist. If one eye unilateral or both eyes bilateral need surgery. How complicated of an entropion surgery is required for repair. Generally speaking, routine entropion surgery for one eye performed by a general practice vet would range from a few hundred dollars to one thousand dollars. Entropion surgery performed by a board certified veterinary ophthalmologist may be upwards of two thousand dollars or more, especially if the entropion is severe or requires extensive reconstructive techniques. These costs should include anesthesia and postoperative medications. Some veterinarians will also include the initial postoperative recheck exam with surgery fees. Antropion and cats recovery. After entropion surgery for your cat, a few things are to be expected. Your cat will have a small incision on the eyelid skin with stitches in the skin. Mild swelling and redness around the incision are normal for a few days after surgery. Your cat will need to wear a hard, plastic Elizabethan collar to prevent anything from touching or rubbing against the incision or eyeball, causing damage or infection. This is usually just for a few days, but your vet will provide exact guidelines. Your cat will need a medications usually two to three times daily after entropion surgery for one to two weeks. Medications for pain and inflammation are usually given by mouth for a few days after entropion surgery. As with any surgery, it is important to monitor closely for signs of infection within the incision or on the eye. Signs to watch for include excessive swelling or redness to the incision, pus like discharge from the incision or from the eye, squinting, which is getting worse than before surgery, redness and puffiness to the eye membranes that is worsening, haze or cloudiness to the surface of the eye, cornea, and tropion prevention to prevent entropion from chronic squinting. Eye infections should be treated early and you should have your cat reevaluated if the squinting comes back at any time after treatment. Entropion and elderly cats from sunken eyes can't really be prevented. However, some research has shown that both eyes should have surgery even if the entropion is only in one eye. For the eye without entropion, an eyelid shortening surgery performed at the same time can prevent entropion from developing later on. Most often seen in either young kittens with eye infections and chronic squinting or elderly cats with sunken eyes due to weight loss and muscle loss, entropion requires a medications to prevent bacterial infection and corneal ulcers. Entropion is usually best treated with entropion surgery. If you enjoyed this video, kindly press the like button. Also don't forget to subscribe with notifications on so that you don't miss out on videos like this. Thank you for watching.