Yeah, thank you, Richard, for moving on here and I had to move to the other platform now, to the Hop-In platform directly to the backstage and I'm now happy to welcome our opening keynote speaker. It was exactly one year ago, in early September 2020, when I met Audrey Tang at an online event hosted by the Bertelsrand Foundation and the title was Digital Democracy What Europe Can Learn from Taiwan. There was a topic for the hour and it was extremely impressive to hear Digital Minister Audrey Tang talk about how Taiwan is trying to constructively engage the population in complex decision-making processes using the latest digital technologies through collaborative meetings. Audrey started programming at the age of eight, attended three kindergartens, seeks elementary schools and dropped out of middle school at the age of 14. I can't tell that my son who is 13, you know, Audrey has lived with her parents in Germany and in the United States and she has worked for Apple on the Siri voice control system, founded several companies and continues to write software until today. In 2016, Audrey Tang was appointed to Taiwan's cabinet as a minister without portfolio and is now Taiwan's digital minister. I'm delighted that Audrey has agreed to deliver the opening keynote for our DDTA conference in 2021. Please welcome with me Minister Audrey Tang with the talk Digital Social Innovation. Thanks for joining us Audrey. Hello, good local time everyone. I'm really happy to be here and I'm told that I have like 18 minutes TED Talk-ish but this presentation as Audrey said is one hour long so I will skip some slides and I will try to leave some time for the Q&A. Now Digital Social Innovation in Taiwan means it's everyone's business with everyone's help and we've boiled down this formula of Digital Social Innovation into three key ideas and that's fast, that's fair and fun. And this is what enabled us to counter the pandemic with no lockdowns in the past couple years. We're down to one local case today and also counter the infodemic, the disinformation crisis with no takedowns. The fast part pertains to collective intelligence. You're looking at the PTT which is Taiwan's equivalent of Reddit but unlike Reddit it doesn't have any shareholders or any advertisers. It is a national Taiwan University student pet project governed in an open source fashion squarely in the digital civic infrastructure space and for the past 25 years has been one of our most trustworthy radar on emerging situations. So at the end of 2019 when Dr. Lee Wenliang from Wuhan posted that there were 7 SARS cases in the Huanan Sifu market, end of quote, it got triaged on PTT almost immediately resulting in on the first day of 2020 health inspection for all flight passengers coming in from Wuhan. And this says two things, first that people trust the government sufficiently, right? This is a freedom of speech of assembly environments and also the government trusted the people with the newest signals through collective intelligence platforms. Now for people who are not so used to text posts, maybe the younger generation, the older generation doesn't have the same digital savanness. We also provide like 1922 which is a toll free number. Anyone can pick up their landline or mobile phone and call this number and share what they want to get answered from the Central Epidemic Command Center or the CECC which hosts a press conference every 2 p.m. So for example last April, there was a young boy that called 1922 saying, hey, you're rationing out masks but all I got was pink ones and all the boys in my class have navy blue masks and I don't want to wear pink to school. People will laugh at me. Well, the very next day all the medical office including the Minister Chen Shizhong of Health and Welfare wore pink and Mr. Chen even said that pink panzer was a childhood hero and suddenly the boy became the most hit boy in the class but only he has the color that the heroes wear and the heroes hero, I guess, wear. And so this means that gender mainstreaming is not a top-down thing. It is just from people's real time input, the signal become something that we can amplify and set new social norms with. Another example pertains to the mask rationing. So the team that built the G0V or GOV0 community movement for the past, while it's been 15 years now, basically proved that people don't have to wait for the government to make digital services but rather in the past 10 years or so and the past decades, whenever people see a digital service that's not done well or missing from the government instead of waiting for something that GOV from TW to happen, people can just prototype things by themselves and call it something that G0V, the TW. So just by changing O to a zero, you get into the shadow government that's always more fun and open source and basically it's like a swarm approach where people can try various different ways to realize the digital service is always open source. So it means that, for example, last February when a young civic technologist prototyped through G0V, the real-time visualization of mask availability in pharmacies, well, within three days, we saw that this has really gained popularity. So we did a reverse procurement. It's a civic technologist doing the prototype and it's we, the government, trusting the citizens with real-time open data which enable more than 100 different tools including the mapping, chatbots, and so on to help people to locate the PPEs and also made us realize that our previous distribution methods wasn't really fair because people wasn't using the same hours of time to travel to the nearby pharmacy and so on. So in light of this data bias, we again adapted to the real numbers and then changed our distribution method to allow for pre-registration and so on within 24 hours after this has been revealed by the civic technologists. Now, of course, real-time data free from bias is very good, but also to make it participatory, we also need to make it fun and so we call it humor over rumor. As long as the science, the clarification spreads to more people than this information, then we will always get people who want to contribute to science. So for example, when we introduced physical distancing on the top left, we said this very cute dog is actually the companion animal of the participation officer of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. We've got around 100 people, sometimes themselves are comedians or they work closely with comedians, but anyway, they realize that if they make the scientific literature into memes, so when you're indoor keep three Shiba Inus away, when you're outdoor keep two dogs away from each other or on the bottom right, why would you wear a mask, wear a mask, protect yourself from your own unwashed hands, explain this very cute dog named Dong Chai. So basically by translating our scientific literature into this memes, which allows for free remixing and so on, we engage the community to further remix these sufficiently humorous information so that when the disinformation about mask use, about vaccine and so on come, well, we can rely on this community participation of people who already understand the basic science. And so this may, when we really had our first wave, the same people who designed this memes and who designed the mask rationing map, again, banded together to create a checking method called the 1922 checking method. Again, without installing any app using your phone's built-in camera, without even unlocking your iPhone, you can just scan the QR code, send an SMS, and within just a couple of seconds finish this check-in. And then the QR code simply describes the location code of that particular venue. It's an entirely random code and it says on the text for epidemic control use only. And so what this means is that when people do not have a scanner or if you're using a feature phone, you can always manually type in the 15 digits random code and send manually to 1922. And then after that, it's kept not in the government, but rather in your telecom. So the telecom keeps it only for four weeks and you can do a reverse check to make sure that all the access from the contact tracers, actually you can see which contact tracer, look at which checking information of yours. And the greatest thing about this is that it's always self-service. The posters, the use of this QR posters in various venues, such as transportation and, you know, small night market and things like that are all supported by the social sector. That is to say the same people who built and maintain the PDT, what we call the social sector provides the service and assistance to get people to print those QR codes. So we get more than 300 million SMS sent in the first four weeks and that very successfully reduce our contact tracing from hours into well, minutes. So to summarize a little bit, to counter both the pandemic and also the infodamic, we rely on universal, not just healthcare coverage, but also broadband as a human right. And then we focus on the research and development universal access so that in our basic education, we're not just saying a media literacy or digital literacy, we're saying media and digital competence. That is to say middle schoolers can contribute to climate science, to political science, to all sorts of sciences by simply making the memes and participating in the online community such as Cup Zero. And this is how we thought the infodemic was no takedown and the pandemic was no lockdown. And this corresponds to President Tsai Ing-wen's idea during her first inauguration speech. She said, before we think of democracy as a showdown between opposing values. But nowadays in the new century, we must think of democracy as a conversation between many diverse values. By the way, this is my office, like my real office in the social innovation lab in Taipei City. Anyone can drop by. This is an open space. It's literally a park. And anyone can request 30 to 40 minutes of my time, as long as they agree to speak on the record. Indeed, I publish all the conversations with lobbyists and journalists and so on, either as Creative Commons transcripts or as Creative Commons video footages. And this enables this open innovation style where people can talk to me about their latest ideas, but they always make the case based on a pro-social thing, sustainable development, because it will look really bad to the future generations, because everything's on the record if they make something that is only good for them and sacrifice future generations. So this is how we make sure that we can co-create the norms on self-driving vehicles through presidential hackathon, on water supply repair, and all sort of data collisions. And because I don't have time to go through the details, but this a prototype of the mask rationing map was completed a few years ago before the pandemic, also by the GovZero community, so that each middle school students can learn about data competence by maintaining through the what we call Internet of Things, a PM 2.5 and other sensors on a climate measurement device, and its shares to a distributed ledger, so that people can learn about data stewardship, data bias, data controller, and things like that. The very abstract notions of GDPR suddenly became very easy to understand because they participate in climate science by measuring the things and sharing with the world how they're measuring it and contributing to the climate. And every year, we use a new voting method called quadratic voting to surface the top 10 and then top five social innovations in the past year. And the president, Dr. Tsai Ing-wen, gave them this trophy and promised whatever they did on a smaller scale will make it into national scale infrastructure, like a digital public infrastructure within the next year, just like if it's a presidential promise. So basically, we scale the social sector's ideas into the public sector, and then the private sector collaborates with the norms that's already ratified by this partnership.  And we go into the rural areas, the small towns, and so on to surface the local social innovations and, of course, use digital to connect them into the sandbox experiments. Now, this time-limited experiments, which may be three months, as in the presidential hackathon, or six months or a year, after we gave them this license to experiments, we must decide whether this is a good idea or not. Just like in 2015, when UberX first started operating in Taiwan, we used the same method, Polis, is a free software visualization tool, an assistive intelligence-powered conversation where people can see, this is my reel, like friends and families and how they feel about UberX at the time. So by publishing the Fox as open data and using this online deliberative space to only collect people's feelings, we dedicate three to four weeks of time to these feelings. And when feelings resonate with one another, then we can call these ideas good enough consensus or rough consensus and ratify them into law. And so, for example, on the UberX case, I would say, oh, I think passenger liability is very important. And if you agree with me, you move toward me. And if you don't agree with me, well, you move farther away from me. But after three weeks, everyone can see, pretty much everyone agree with all your neighbors on all the points, all the time. And the abstract ideological statements like whether this is a sharing economy or gig economy, well, we agree to disagree that we spend far more calories on the consensus statements, which then gets swiftly translated into new measurements of progress, and then into the decisions that is to say the regulations and laws. And this is how we can bring those different positions into shared values and into social innovations. So that's my talk. And I would like to share with you my job description to to wrap up this talk. So five years ago, when I became digital minister, I said, okay, my job is just target 1717 1718 1716, this effective partnership, reliable data and over innovation. But the HR department said no, you have to write in plain language. And so I translated that into a poem, I guess, which goes like this. When we see the internet of things, let's make it an internet of beings. When we see virtual reality, let's make it a shared reality. When we see machine learning, let's make it collaborative learning. When we see user experience, let's make it about human experience. And whenever we hear that a singularity is near, let's always remember the plurality is here. Thank you for listening. And I look forward to the questions. Thank you very much, Audrey. Big applause from my side. And if you can't hear it, there is a lot of applause for sure from the auditorium. And especially for your very nice ending poem, which kind of resonates very well in the design thinking minds who are gathering here globally, because we are for sure focusing on diversity. We are for sure focusing on plurality and not singularity. I think that is a big, a big issue. And yeah, thanks, thanks a lot. I'm not sure how we, how we are. I see here now the questions we got. Actually, so there's a question from Romania, from Raluca. I would like to know how you made IT people and people, how you made, how you made IT people and people that could code to use the Gov platform? Right. So, so the government technologists, the Gov tech people, right, and the civic technologists, the civic tech people, how do I connect them? Is that a question? I think she was, I think the question goes into direction. IT people might, might get easy access, but how do you get the people who are not able to code also? Okay. Okay. To adapt to those platforms. Right. First of all, the idea of digital public infrastructure, like any public infrastructure, is that we adapt to the people, to the society. We're not asking the people to adapt to us. So, for example, the town hall meetings that I just showed you to deliberate into those Polish conversations. Well, it's me who goes around Taiwan on those tours. I'm not asking people on the rural and remote area indigenous nation to come to the capital city of Taipei. And so this means that when, whenever we're designing things, we're not designing for people. We're designing with people. And this is only possible because people see that it's as easy as picking up a phone and call 1922 and say you should do this better. It's as easy as set up a local like literally town hall and then being supported by the video conferencing tours provided by the local digital opportunity center. So they can connect to the other municipalities is also because they wouldn't spend an extra dime in any place in Taiwan, even top of Taiwan, which is almost 4,000 meters high, your guarantee to get 10 megabits per second broadband for just 16 euros a month. If you don't, it's my fault. Like personally, my fault. And so because of that, it costs almost nothing to transmit this conversation locally into a national scale. There's another question from you saying I'm very inspired, but also very curious to know how the governmental mindset there was shifted to promote or embrace this in the first place. When was the turning point and what were the strategies? It's actually a very good question. I'm asking myself also looking at Germany, what, where is the turning point and what, what do we have to, where is the trigger? Yeah. So in Taiwan's case, the trigger was in 2014 March, when we occupied a parliament building in demonstration against a trade agreement with Beijing at a time which wasn't being delivered to substantially by the people. And so 20 or so NGOs each occupied one side of the parliament. And for example, one aspect talked about whether we want to allow five G components at a time for G components from the Beijing regime's so-called market players into our telecom infrastructure. Now that was in 2014. Nowadays, everybody else is talking about this as well. But when we did that, and we did not have many other countries talking about this issue, so we have to handle the deliberation on the street as well as online. So it was half a million people on the street and many more online. After three weeks of nonviolent demonstration, we actually ended up on some very concrete consensus, which was then adopted by the head of the parliament. So the Occupy was a success and the demonstration was not really a protest. It was a demo, a demonstration, a software sense, a brief that's turned into a minimal proof of concept. And after that, in the end of 2014, all the mayors that supported open governments get elected or reelected and all the mayor or candidate that didn't, well, or didn't, sometimes surprisingly. And so after that, the entire kind of political culture in Taiwan shifted to the four parties at the moment at the parliaments, they are all competing by their competing to be more transparent and participate Germany. Wow. That gives me hope that there is also a chance in other countries to do that. An additional question from my side actually. So if I look at the population here in Germany, and also the kind of not being from a political side digitally enough through the past 20 years, well, there is still, there was still the saying some years ago by our chancellor that digitalization is Neuland, is new territory. And that was for me, that is 30 years ago, that was new territory. But for a lot of people it is still so is there the kind of digital education in Taiwan is that way more advanced than in other countries from your perspective, since we have lived in Germany for a while, and in the United States, you might be able to compare. Yeah, definitely. And I think that's because we prioritize the use of open source and open hardware, open API, in especially our basic education curriculum, so that the students learn to make things that is to say, instead of just saying, you know, you need to be literate, literate, meaning that when a large company decides that you can operate it, we say you need to be competent, meaning that you can design your own air boxes, or you can fact check the presidential debate and forum in real time, working with mainstream media people actually did that and things like that. So even if you are under 18 in Taiwan, you're strongly encouraged by your civics class teacher and really any teacher, that you can make a real difference. For example, in our national petition platform, more than one quarter of the successful petitions were raised by people under 18, like banning plastic straws from our national identity drink, the bubble tea that was raised by 17 years, those and so on. So with some real cases, people understand they can make things happen even before they turn 18. Oh, yeah. There's a question from Min. Who is the primary contact person in Taiwan if the internet connection gets worse or interrupted? Well, that would be TWNIC, I believe, telecom level. But for example, when the Yangming Mountain, that's a mountain near Taipei City, there was a place being purposed into a managed isolation center. And I got an email saying, Minister, your problem is problem is human right. I'm being quarantined. I just went back home in Taiwan for 14 days. But on that side of Yangming Mountain, we don't get signal from any of the five telecoms. I'm suffering from lack of human right. I'm being abused by human right. And so after two weeks, we set up a new telecom tower near the Yangming Mountain to provide streaming service. And of course, by that time, that person is already out of quarantine. But he made a point of driving back, measuring the speed and posting on social media. So that's the level of our commitments. Very good. There's a question from Juliana Proserpio. I think she is now in Australia or in Brazil. I know her from Brazil. Audrey, could you share a bit about the organizational design of your ministry? Also, how do you deploy the policy turned into use technology and then be embraced by the citizens? Yeah, well, you can check out my website at digitalminister.tw, which explains some of it. But the main idea, very simple, is that my office has one secondment at most from each other ministries. So I've got like 12 different secondment from 12 different ministries. So the idea is that there's no rank. Maybe one secondment was a section chief. Another was a deputy director. So if they come from the same ministry, only the more higher rank will have decisional power, of course, but because they belong to very different ministries. So that means that they have equal contribution to this horizontal leadership team. And the other half of my office came, I think the initial co-founder came from the CID, the Copenhagen Interaction Design. Another came from Policy Lab and previously RCA Service Design, our current design lead from IDEO and so on. So it's these sick continents from the areas that doesn't have a corresponding ministry. We don't have a ministry for design. So we need contributors from these expertise areas. But each new hire must offer a new perspective, a new discipline, and also they need to contribute as well as they take into their previous communities. And so by maximizing diversity, we make sure that whatever we design is Pareto improvement. That is to say it leaves no one behind. It's safer and also sweet for everyone involved. Yeah. There's a lot of questions here, but I just picked some of the, there's one relating to what you're just saying that Min is also asking, or saying the most European ministries are spending most of the time for paperwork. How many hours do you do daily in paperwork? I don't do paper. So I'm Taiwan's first telecommuting minister. So I had three working conditions entering the cabinet. First, wherever I'm working, I'm working. I'm telecommuting. Second, I don't give orders to other ministries and I don't take orders from other ministries either. So I'm a minister at large. And finally, it's by the idea is radical transparency. That is to say, if I work with these ministries on this particular project, the entire process is accountable because you can look it up on our transcript platform to date. There's more than 6,500 people in more than 300,000 speeches and you can see each and every one of these utterances. So it is not paperwork because as we're having this conversation, for example, some assistive intelligence majors transcribe this meeting and then we can publish it and under the creative commons. And the great thing about this is that people can just take it and make decisions by themselves. They don't have to get my approval. So because I don't do approvals, I don't do paperwork either. Yeah. We have just two minutes to go and there are several questions all around the question or the issue of trust. And here's one. Why do you think the people of Taiwan trust the government so much and why is it that the people of Taiwan are so open to innovation? What to give no trust is to get no trust. So for example, when we introduce this digital counter epidemic efforts, well, we may have approval rates of 91%, for example. But we thank those 9% because these are the people who will call 1922, who will write blog articles and so on, which will result in the public hearings in the parliament because we've never declared a state of emergency. Each and everything we do must be answerable to the members of the parliament. And so after we, for example, detailed this entire way of how our digital counter pandemic efforts work, we look back into the poll numbers and then 94% of people trust that 3% more. And with them, we thank the 6%. And whenever they raise new issues and so on, we just make sure that we respond on the next day's 2pm press conference. And so this basically means that if the government maximally trusts the citizens, some citizens may trust back. And that's what guided the innovations into truly social innovations because none of the ideas that I just share with you is my idea. All of it came from the social sector, from the civil society. Yeah. Thank you very much. Even if it's just 10 o'clock, one, I have to ask one last question, which is regarding the education system. I was so impressed to hear that you kind of redesigned, are you well involved also in the redesign of the education system in Taiwan? I think it was two years ago already. What you see is the most important thing to change in education, as your last statement here today. Certainly. So I believe just as when I said whenever we think that the singularity may be near whenever we hear that, we must always remember the plurality is here. So the role of we policymakers and teachers in general is not to give perfect answers. It's not to give so-called perfect correct answers, but rather to be good enough ancestors. Good enough ancestors should means that we tell the people what we have, but if our next generations have a better idea, then we always let them guide us and we just provide a resource to their new directions. Thank you very much. And thank you very much, Audrey, for being our opening keynote speaker here today and sharing your ideas and visions to the whole global design thinking community. We are very happy that you are here. Thanks a lot and greetings to Taiwan. Thank you. Live long and prosper. Bye. Bye-bye.


You do your very best a sincere repentance means that you don't ever go back to that sin again But even if you go back to that sin again that you make an intention in that moment when you commit that sin Even if you have there's a high level probably you're gonna do that same sin ten minutes later in that moment repent And in the next ten minutes repent and you won't do that sincerely except some point a lot to add a Will remove you from that condition, right? So don't let the fact that you're weak and you continually fall into that same revenge you from repenting That even if there's things that you're struggling with in your Dean that you know the next day that you want to commit that same Sin and that morning repent before during and after and if you're sincere in that They eventually a lot to out it will take you out of that if you're sincere And that's why you can never despair ever ever ever despair to me one of the most beautiful aspects of our Deans Allah has made despairing from his mercy a major sin It's a sin to despair and so never despair repent in return repent in return And that without doubt a true repentance as you never return But even if you return that you keep repenting you keep repenting hopes that a lot out of eventually Because you don't know maybe you'll take a lot your last breath and you died in that state of repentance


We have an assignment due. There will be one more assignment on the topic of the simple Hermione oscillator, which we will distribute later on. And then we will have an example. The exam will cover the material through the similar Hermione oscillator, which we might finish today. We might finish tomorrow. I mean, probably we won't finish tomorrow. But we could finish it on Thursday. And then we will have an exam. And, well, I haven't quite decided about the exam. I wanted to get your opinion. So the question is, what would you prefer? Would you prefer an exam of the type of the first exam? Or would you prefer a take on the exam of the first exam? Yeah, absolutely. Well, you're just going to decide to be like horrendous, right? No, horrendous. Yeah, that's kind of a guy. No, the idea would be that there would be a lot less time pressure. The take on the exam, the idea is not to be of the difficulty, say, of the homework assignment, but something that you have more time. But we'll see, you know, a little bit more involved, you know. But if that has positive and minuses, obviously, right? So think about it. And you can send me an email for your feedback. You can just do one of those polls again. I'll just get your feedback. Right. So we're talking about the Symbol for Modern Composite. In our last lecture, we were talking about different representations of the quantum problem with respect to different bases. So we could express our representation in terms of what are called the number states, which is a countably infinite set of vectors that span the Hilbert states. The number states are the eigenstates of a dagger a. They are the eigenstates of the number operator. And of course, they're also the energy eigenstates, right? And they form a resolution of the identity. And alternatively, we could look at representations with respect to the span of the states that are eigenstates of the position momentum operator. OK. Those are, those eigenvalues are continuously infinite. But nonetheless, they form a basis for the space. They form another resolution of the identity. And we, of course, look at position momentum representations. Those are the weight functions, right? So we could talk about the state in terms of its expansion in number basis or its expansion in terms of position and momentum states. OK. So we have different representations of operators. The raising and lowering operators with respect to the number basis are matrices. They're infinite dimensional matrices. But matrices nonetheless, same for position momentum. In the basis and the representation of position momentum, of course, then position and momentum operators have representations as multiplication by constants and derivatives, those operators, then are the wave mechanical operators that one is typically introduced to in introductory quantum mechanics. Yeah. Well, P was T gather by a say. You are correct. No, that's no. It is correct. That's a statement. It's because the i doesn't mean no. That's correct. Yep. That's correct. The reason we know that is that, of course, A is x plus i of T. So you just attract from a dagger and you get the right thing. The energy eigenfunctions, that's to say, the positional momentum representations of the energy eigenstates are easily derivable by just saying, by this defining equation, the ground state is annihilated by the lower operator. So when we look in the position representation, we have a differential equation for the ground state wave function, which we can solve. And that equation tells us that the ground state of the sub-ormonic oscillator is a Gaussian. And at higher energy levels, the excited states are obtained by applying the creation operator to that. And the creation operator applied to that involves taking the value of this, which is x minus, the derivative of respect to x, n times, on this. And what we get are these functions. Those functions are Gaussians that are multiplied by permitt polynomials. The permitt polynomials can be written in this way compactly. In fact, one, there are a number of properties and sort of traditional theories of special function differential equations and so forth. Just study this kind of thing ad nauseam. We don't have so much anymore. But one of the things that's, for example, useful property of permitt polynomials, which is a kind of property you see of all hypergeometric function and so-called generating function. The generating function tells us a way of obtaining the hermit polynomials from a power series. So if I look at, as a function of some parameter t, that Gaussian, one can show fairly easily that this is equal to the following. So the hermit polynomials are the expansion coefficients in the Taylor-Shearer's extent. So it's an intimate relationship, which is basically given this factor between Gaussians and hermit polynomials. The other thing that we mentioned, briefly it's very easy to see, is that the wave functions that are associated with the energy eigenstates in position space are exactly the same as they are in momentum space. And that's not surprising because the Hamiltonian is completely symmetric in position and momentum. And it's just a question of a phase convention that we have. So in momentum space, the energy eigenfunctions are exactly the same with the factor just to keep everything self-consistent of i up front. Of course, we know that because we have a reflection symmetric potential for the simple harmonic oscillator about the origin, the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian are symmetric and anti-symmetric functions. Brown state written which has a zero point energy. And then we have the first excited state, second excited state, et cetera. Let's continue a little bit further along this path. One thing we didn't discuss that I wanted to get to you last time, but we didn't get it far is to ask the question about the uncertainty in position momentum. So let's look at the energy eigenstates. Remember, eigenstates, of course, are not eigenstates in position momentum. They're wave functions that are distributed in space and momentum space. So they have a finite extent, or anything there for a finite uncertainty. Now, just looking at this equation, or could only momentum space, you should be able to read off what the uncertainty is of the ground state. How about h bar over 2? Sorry? h bar over 2? Well, there are some h bars there depending on that. It's not quite the units of x or p. Those are units of the action. I'll enter you out. So what I'm asking is a problem question. We have, in position space, we have this expression. So what that tells me, of course, is that the probability distribution in position is a square wave function, probability density, which is 1 over the square root of s e to the minus x squared. Now, is that a normalized function? Absolutely. It's a Gaussian, and everyone remembers, by heart, the form of a normalized Gaussian. And if you don't, you will memorize it now. And what is the form? If I have a Gaussian with rms with sigma, and what is the form of the Gaussian distributed in x? 2 sigma squared? 2 sigma squared. And this goes like 1 over the square root of 2 plus sigma squared? Yeah. And everyone's going to put that in here. OK. Used to be on the Deutsch Mark when, before the euro, it's like this character, the Gaussian's picture on it. Who is it? It's a very nice one. OK. So with this, what is the mean value of position for the ground state? Zero. And what is the uncertainty? Of course, the uncertainty here is sigma. 1 over 2. Wow. So in the ground state, x squared, we have these relations. OK. Or I should say the rms with the uncertainty itself in dimensionless units is 1 over the square root of 2. So you can read that off. What about a momentum? It's the same, because they're the same weight function. So in dimensionless units, we've got this. What about in dimensionful units with the uncertainty of position? How do I put the units back? x, absolutely, thank you. We have a characteristic, so everything is in units of the characteristic scale. So we multiply that by xc.  And that was the square root of hr over gamma omega. So that's the uncertainty in position of the ground state and position of x, but that's zero. Just to emphasize that this is for the ground state. And the uncertainty in momentum states is the characteristic momentum, which is equal to square root of h bar times m omega. So we have h bar and omega. So the characteristic scale that we derived just from numerology, basically, dimension analysis, are essentially, up to this factor 2, the widths of the weight function of the ground state. And we know that, generally, that the product of uncertainties must satisfy the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. And what is this, in this case, of this problem? H bar over 2. So the ground state of the harmonic oscillator is a minimum uncertainty weight factor. Does this help you? It is true that the only minimum uncertainty weight function is a Gaussian, but it is not true that every Gaussian is a minimum uncertainty weight factor, as we will see in homework. And this, for the ground state of the harmonic oscillator, is a minimum uncertainty weight factor. Now, what about the higher excited states? What is the uncertainty in position of momentum for them? Well, that's a more tedious thing to do in weight mechanics. I mean, you could do it with the Herbie polynomials and the generating functions and integrals, but it's trivial to do it in the number of representations. So that's how you should do it, OK? So let's do it. So what I seek is the mean position and momentum and the uncertainty for the energy level. That's what I seek, OK? And the way to calculate that more easily is to use the algebra of a Bay-Bagger, OK? So let's do it. Of course, x is a plus a Bay-Bagger over 2, and p is a minus a Bay-Bagger over i. So first of all, just quickly, what is this? Zero. Zero. There is no mean value of a or a dagger for a number state because this raises the numbers. So what that tells me is that for a position eigenstate for a number eigenstate, there is no mean position. Of course, we could have read that off the picture.  So therefore, the mean position is always zero in a parity symmetric potential. So that's got to be true. All right, what about the uncertainties? Well, that tells me that the uncertainty in position will to the expected value of the square since the moon itself is zero, right? And that is equal to a plus a Bay-Bagger over root 2 to the power n. Power 2? Sorry, to the power 2, thank you. That was hard. OK, so now here's another trick of the trick. Whenever you're dealing with, it's looking at the algebra of a and a-bagger, and you want to calculate something like an expectation value, the only non-zero terms are the ones that have an equal number of power of a's and a-bagger's, right? Because otherwise, on one side, I'm raising more than I'm lowering. Yeah? But that only applies if n is equal to zero, then you go and add that a-bagger to zero. True, but it doesn't negate what I said. The only terms that are certainly not zero are those. Then in addition, there would be additional ones that are zero. So that means that, generally speaking, the only terms that survive are the ones with equal numbers of a's and a-bagger's. So there's an a, a-bagger, and there's an a-bagger, a. Now, as Steven pointed out, if this were the ground state, then this term would not be there. All the terms that are so-called normally ordered, where the a's are on the left, and the a's are on the right, and the a-bagger on the left vanish. But this is general. So how do you deal with this? Well, the easiest thing to do is to, what we say, is normally order this. Let's put this in the form where a-bagger's are on the left, and the a's are on the right. That's just a jargon, because there is this common normal order, but don't worry about that. Why? Because then, this is the number operator, and we know how it acts on it. So this, if I, this is equal to a-bagger a plus the commutator of a-bagger, which is 1. So this is equal to 1 half of a, this a-bagger a is the number operator plus 1, and then the expected value of x squared is 1 half, which is n plus 1 half. And it's very easy to show, even exactly the same way, that the expected value of p is the same as it should be, because it's got to be symmetric in x and p, for example, eigenstates of the Hamiltonian, because the Hamiltonian is symmetric in x and p. OK? What this says, of course, is that the energy is equally distributed between the kinetic energy and the potential energy, right? The Hamiltonian in dimensionless units is a half x squared. And we know that this is n plus 1 half. So it's not surprising, we even have to go through that. This thing, we could have just read that off by it, as well. All righty. So what this tells me is that the uncertainty in position is square root of n plus 1 half times the square root of h-bagger. So are these minimum certainty-weight packets? Net, right? The product of this uncertainties. This is, I'm sorry, of course, the dimensions back in. So we've given up a little lower case of that. Only for the ground state is this minimum uncertainty state. Very good. So let's talk now about dynamics. So our central player in talking about dynamics is the time evolution operator. Time evolution operator is either minus i over h-r. And the Hamiltonian, I could express in terms of x and p, or in terms of a-dagger a. So if I put in the Hamiltonian, this becomes e to the minus i omega a-dagger a plus 1 half times the number operator. Now the zero point energy is there. Emphasizing the past, absolute value or what the value of the ground state energy is is irrelevant to dynamics. The only thing that affects the dynamical evolution of the system is the relative energies. So typically we ignore this in talking about dynamics. You can put it in there. But it's an overall phase factor that doesn't affect any prediction of any probability because it's never going to affect the relative phase of anything. So you can completely ignore it. It's just where we decide to put the zero energy. All right, so if we wanted to look at time evolution, there's lots of ways we could do it. Let's talk about the Heisenberg equation. And again, there's lots of ways we could figure it out from the Heisenberg equation. Let's look at the Heisenberg equation's motion first of all. So let's look at the, and what is that in this case? Well, I can write it out what that is. I have h's there. I have minus i omega times the commutator of, and what is that commutator? Well, x commutes with x squared and x with p squared. The 2 comes with it out. So this becomes 2i, the commutator of x and p in dimensionless units. So this is equal to omega p. And similarly, the time derivative of momentum is minus omega x. If I wanted to just write this loss again, there's many different ways to do the same thing. The time derivative of a minus i omega, the commutator of a and h, that's equal to minus i omega, the commutator of a with a dagger a with a minus i omega a. So what we see here is that the Heisenberg equations of motion for the Heisenberg oscillator are exactly the equations of motion that we had for the classical canonical chords. Exactly. There's nothing different about them, right? And we can write down the solution. The Heisenberg operator a commutator is a0 e to the minus i omega t and x of t.  So that's a very important result. The Heisenberg oscillator, in some sense, looks entirely classical. Yeah. This looks like it's relevant in what we were supposed to do with the squeeze operator in the homework. Because the format just seems too similar to be possible. They're similar, but in the squeezing operator isn't related to this kind of operation in something different. But the mathematics is quite similar. In fact, I would say another way of getting this solution instead of solving the differential equation is just to directly time evolve the operator according to the unitary transformation. That's another way we can get exactly this. This is equal to either the plus i n hat omega t, a 0 e to the minus i n hat omega t, and then use multiple commutators. This is equal to the sum n equals 0 to infinity, the multiple commutators. So there's many ways we can get the same thing. So what we see here is that for the simple harmonic oscillator, the expected values follow the classical trajectories. That's an important result. That's unique to the harmonic oscillator and a free particle kind of linear potential. If something is no more than quadratic, then that is the case. So what we have here is that the average x follow the classical trajectory. Brings us to a very interesting topic that we're going to spend the rest of our time on the harmonic oscillator asking about the question of the classical limit. What is it? What do we mean by the classical limit? In what ways can we think about the quantum simple harmonic oscillator like a classical simple harmonic oscillator?  We talked about the idea that when we go to very high quantum numbers, high energies, where the Roy wavelength was very small compared to the scale of the risk potential change, that there were aspects of the classical trajectory encoded in the energy eigenfunctions according to the WKB approximation. So we said, I'll come back and talk to you over here, get the correspondence. So if I have some harmonic oscillators and I have some highly exciting state, then the wave function is such that it's very deep near the classical turning points, which is kind of what you'd spend for a harmonic oscillator to ask what's the probability to find the position of the harmonic oscillator somewhere. It spends most of its time near the turning points and the middle time where the kinetic energy is large. And so the amplitude of this average looks like the classical wave function associated with this state was proportional to 1 over the square root of a classical kinetic energy at that position, where the classical kinetic energy at that position is, I mean, kato momentum is the square root of the kinetic energy, which is the total energy minus potential to F. So in some sense, there's an aspect of this which contains the classical dynamics in it. But if I prepare the harmonic oscillator, the quantum harmonic oscillator in this wave function, if I somehow were able to create this energy eigenstate, would you say that the predictions of measurements that you would do would be what you would expect, classically? Classically this thing oscillates, right? And classically the position of this guy, or I would just say this classically, what about if I prepared the state of the system in this state? What does this do? Does it oscillate? What is the expected value of position as a function of time? Does it oscillate? It's zero. Why? Well, it's true that the Heisenberg operators follow the classical trajectories, but for this guy, the mean value is zero at time t equals zero for both of these things. So it's zero for all times. This is a stationary state, and for a stationary state nothing, no probability of anything changes as a function of time. So stationary states are not associated with classical trajectories. We need to have a wave packet of different energy eigenvalues in order to have anything change as a function of time. State it another way. So let me first state it this way. So stationary states are stationary. Nothing changes with respect to time. Let's state it another way. If I look in phase space, the states of definite energy lie on the circle. Let's put it in the units. So this is alpha as a function of time. And this thing has a definite energy. The characteristic energy comes out of this state. A stationary state is a state that corresponds to something which is completely uncertain where I am on this circle. But my position momentum is not here or here or here. It's anywhere on this. So if I had a classical probability distribution on phase space, suppose that I prepared my harmonic oscillator, but I didn't tell you what little kick and position I'm going to hit. So you just then would assign a probability distribution. I said it's going to have this energy, but I'm not going to tell you what its initial position and momentum are. Well, then you would say, well, it's on this circle, but I don't know where. That's a classical hidden variable. Missing information, you assign a probability distribution based on your lack of knowledge in which case as a function of time, the position momentum would be the same probability distribution because this whole thing is rotationally symmetric. That probability distribution would not change as a function of time because every point on this curve moves around with angular velocity, omega, and they all stay the same. So that's the classical analog of the quantum stationary state. So if we want to define something that looks more like a classically oscillating particle whose position and momentum oscillate with time, we cannot look at a single stationary state. We need to think about a wave packet which is a superposition of energy by instincts. In fact, we see that already here in this classical phase space. What we have here is that if I have an energy, a state that has a definite energy, it has a completely uncertain phase. Let's say the classical trajectory is one where this phaser, the phase of this oscillator changes as a function of time. So what we see here is that from the quantum mechanical point of view, let me summarize a few things, to see dynamical change in the mean x and p, we need to consider a wave packet of energies. The relationship to this notion of phase is the following. So we see the time evolution operator generates rotations in phase space. So this phaser is rotating at an angular velocity omega. So that means that the number operator is the generator, displacements in the same way that we said momentum was the generator of displacements in position. And position was the generator of displacements in momentum. The number which is related to the magnitude is the generator of displacements in phase. In fact, this comes back to another point that's written here. We had two different ways of expressing this complex amplitude. We can express them in terms of the real and imaginary parts, which were the quadratures, which are the position of momentum. And those we said satisfied when we quantized them, they were the canonical operators and they didn't commute. What about the polar representation? I mean, I can look at this for different energies and there are different coordinates here. I can look at this in polar coordinates. Can I write down a polar representation of the quantum league? The classical amplitude, complex amplitude becomes the annihilation operator. So we had alpha of t became any of t. I'm going to just say alpha at any time. X plus alpha of q. But that representation, you know, alpha is this magnitude type of phase. Can we write the annihilation operator in a polar decomposition? Do you remember the polar decomposition? That horrible problem in the first week of November.  Here's the question. So you remember we showed in homework that we should be able to express an operator. It might be natural to think, okay, there is a unitary and then a square root. What is the polar decomposition? This is a to n, this is a to n. This has the form of e to the i phi hat, the phi intermission operator. That's a number operator, which is what we might have guessed. The amplitude is the square root of the number, the magnitude of the amplitude. Then there's a phase. Now, there's a problem with this. What's the problem? Well, in fact, I'm going to put the hat over the whole thing for a reason you'll see why in a moment. Let's look at what this operator is. We know that this operator in the number basis is the square root of n and minus one n. This operator is... What is this operator in the number table? It's n with eigenvalues n increasing square root of n. That's what this is. So it's invertible. One over that is one over the square root. So I can just take the inverse of that. So this tells me that this operator, this thing that was the unitary in the polar decomposition, is equal to n equals 1 to infinity. So right over here you do the i phi hat. They have it on it. It looks kind of unitary because unitary operators take bases to bases. But there's a problem. Let's product of this with its adjoint. If this were unitary, this should be jn of the operator, right? u times u dagger should be 1. What is it equal to? Well, I have the sum n equals 1 to infinity n minus 1 and the adjoint. The problem with that... No, that's okay. This one's fine. This is n equals 1, which is also equivalent to n equals 0 to infinity n to infinity, which is the identity. That's cool. There's no problem with that. However, if I look at this, I get equal to 1 minus the projector ground state, which tells me that these two operators don't commute. Therefore, it's not a normal operator. It's not unitary because of this fact that I can't lower beyond 0. So what that means is that this polar decomposition is kind of bogus. It only holds always for finite dimensions. But for infinite dimensions, I can't exactly do this. I can write it this way. I mean, this is true. This is correct, but it's not unitary. Which means if it's not unitary, there exists no Hermitian operator that I call the phase operator. There is no Hermitian observable corresponding to the phase of the oscillator. There's been umpteen papers written about this and what this means, how to interpret this. But I can say a few things that are important. This doesn't mean that we can't still talk about the measurements of the phase and the fact that in some sense, number and phase of the oscillator are conjugate variables. In the same way that position and momentum are conjugate. So if I come back over here, what we said is that if I had a state that had a definite energy, it has a completely uncertain phase. If I want to make something that has a definite phase, it's going to have to have an uncertain energy. Phase and number are conjugate in the same way that position and momentum are. Let's derive that and explain what we mean by that. So let's, if I look at the commutator of this operator, so that's equal to n minus 1, which is equal to minus, of course we're not holding it. So what that says is that in some sense, the number of operator looks like the generator phase translation, which is equal to IE by E5. For equivalently, I have this kind of life derivative perspective. In the same way that position operator looks like the derivative of momentum in the momentum representation and momentum looks like the derivative of position in the position representation. Now, why isn't this exactly true? Well, it comes back to this picture. You see, I can translate it x and p arbitrarily. But it's the fact that there's this singularity here, this origin. I can't go below n equals 0. It was really just a derivative. I should be able to go through to the other side, but I can't. And that's the mathematical problem. Nonetheless, what this tells me is that in some sense, as long as I'm not near that singular point, that this is approximately, as long as I'm not really close to that singular point. And what that tells me is that there is a kind of number phase uncertainty. If I want to create a quantum state that has a well-defined phase, it must have an uncertain number, an uncertain entity. It must be a wave packet consisting of many different number states. It's the only way I can do it. The state that has a definite number has a completely uncertain phase. It states with definite phase. Well, kind of find the following. Let's define phase states to be an equal superposition of all the number states. This is analogous to the fact that position eigenvector is a superposition of all momentum eigenvectors. And momentum eigenvectors are equal superpositions. Right? Why is it fair to call this thing a phase state? I said there was no phase operator. There is no Hermitian operator that I can consider to be the phase which I could measure. But we do have this operator. Let's see how this operator acts on this state. Now I can rewrite that e to the i phi times that state. So this state, as long as I don't have much of the vacuum and not close to vacuum, this state looks kind of right an eigenstate of that. If we were unitary, then we know the eigenvalues would be phases. But it's not quite unitary. It's got this extra thing that happens near the origin. Nonetheless, this is a set which spans the space and can be considered to be. We can show, nonetheless, if I integrate over all these phases, I get a resolution of 5. Oh, I'm sorry. Yes, thank you. I imagine it's important. So are these, if we have this resolution of the identity, can we make a Hermitian operator? Just out of, I mean why don't I just define for this diagonal in that representation? Well, the problem is that these guys are not orthogonal kets. It's not Hermitian because these guys are orthogonal. This, this, this. Nonetheless, we have a way of thinking about phase because we have this relationship. What this is telling us is that we have a resolution of the identity in terms of positive operators. This is what we discussed in the semester as a POVM, is to say that I can, we have a probability distribution over phase. That's to say the probability distribution of finding a certain phase is equal to 1 over 2 pi of phase states. Even though I cannot obtain this probability distribution by doing a projective measurement, there is no projective measurement, there is no Hermitian operator whose probability distribution is this because these are not orthogonal projectors. So, one of the things that has been a challenge in quantum metrology, the idea of trying to measure, say, the phase of an oscillator as precise as possible within the confines of quantum kets is how do I design an experiment which gives me this probability distribution? It's a non-trivial thing. Nonetheless, it tells us intrinsically about what the phase uncertainty is because that's just related to this probability distribution. This is equal to the mu, that's the average phase, and I can calculate those things with this probability distribution. So, there's one final thing I want to say in respect to this, which I haven't touched on, I haven't said a word about this semester. The time of energy uncertainty principle. I haven't mentioned that. Why not? Well, it's really the same thing as we have over here. I can think about what does it mean to talk about time, energy, uncertainty? Well, what do I mean by time? Well, in the context of an oscillation, a simple harmonic oscillator, I can think about as the time over which particle is oscillating, starting from tomorrow. And that time is just whatever the phase of the oscillation is, by the way, omega. So if I had a phase operator, then I'd have a time operator. In fact, we know that energy is the generator of translations in time. Therefore, we might expect that there's a time operator is the generator of translations in energy. We might expect that. In the same way that we have n is the generator of translations in phase, such that we might expect that phase is the generator of translations in number. But we just showed that mathematically we can't do this because there's a bottom to this. You can't translate a bow, a certain way. And the same thing is true about there's no time operator. There's no permission operator I can call the time operator because I can't translate an energy below the ground state. There's no math and math operator that is a permission operator. Nonetheless, we can still talk about in the same way that we talk about measuring the number of phase, we can have an energy time uncertainty. That's to say if I look at, let me multiply this by hr omega. I'm just going to multiply both sides by hr omega. And then if I say delta n is equal to delta e divided by hr omega, and delta phi is equal to delta t over omega. For the reason we just talked about. Omega delta t, I think. What we get is delta e delta t is greater than or less than or equal to hr omega. It should be squared. No, it's not. You have delta e over hr equal to grade equal to hr omega 4, right? There's an hr over here that cancels this. So time energy uncertainty relation is a slippery business. It's never in the same way as number of phase uncertainty is. But it does have a physical meaning. It just means that it doesn't follow from the same kind of measurements of her mission observables. There is no measurement I can do with projected outcomes that are timed. It just doesn't exist back. But that does not mean that I can't measure time. You do it pretty poorly on this thing. But we measure it in a different kind of way. In the same way that we measure phase, for example, in the interferometer, we can do it with the hr mission operator, but we still can measure it and there are distributions and probabilities and they satisfy certain circumstances. What we're going to talk about on Thursday then is what is the state of the quantum harmonic oscillator that really looks like the classical motion? How do we connect the classical motion of the harmonic oscillator to the quantum energy states? They're clearly not the energy eigenstates. They have an uncertain phase. We want something whose phase oscillates. There's some superposition that we'll talk about on Thursday.


Welcome to JSA TV and JSA podcasts the newsroom for telecom and data center professionals. I'm Al Bratz coming to you from ITW 2020. Joining me today is Ellen managing partner of Telexera. Ellen welcome to JSA TV. Thank you lovely to be here today. For those who don't already know could you tell our viewers about Telexera? Certainly as we are messaging platforms and solutions provider based in Zurich in Switzerland. So we focus quite predominantly on enterprise solutions not necessarily selling direct to enterprise but selling to other operators or carriers who want to enhance their messaging proposition to their enterprise groups. So we have a full reseller white label platform for them and we also a lot offer a lot of consultancy services around messaging. Oh great. So how about your personal move from voice to messaging?  Absolutely so about I made the move about six years ago now. I felt like we were long past the heydays of voice maybe 15 18 20 years ago even when we were making a sentiment in Martin and we were all loving the business. It's got squeezed so incredibly since then and of course because of people's pressure on targets they've looked to gray and gray opportunities in voice and at the same time the messaging market was exploding it was full of opportunity and in my opinion still is. So I'm extremely happy that I made the move over to messaging and I've never looked back. Oh that's great. So I hear that at Zurich has a new project to interviews viewers to your messaging school. What is the messaging school and how can it help the market? As a what I missed when I first moved over from voice was somebody to go to to explain how I can relate what I'm doing in messaging to what I already know inside out backwards in voice. So what we decided to do was put together an A to Z of everything more or less that I wish I had known when I first started out. Instead of the years it took me to acquire that information and to learn we wanted to put everything into like a one-stop shop where people could go to for the information they need. So the site is quite focused at the moment at least in the initial phase for people who are moving over from voice to SMS as there is quite a substantial movement there at the moment. That sounds fantastic. So along those same lines since you and your team are experts in messaging could you tell us the latest in the space and where the big opportunities are or your thoughts on the wave of voice carriers that are just entering the messaging market right now. Lots of questions I know. As a let's take the wave of voice carriers moving into messaging first because that's obviously in an environment like ITW that's precisely who we're targeting both with platforms and with consultancy suggestions. So my advice to them would be be clear about what you want to achieve from messaging, why you want to go into messaging, what your sales point is. You needed a USP in voice. You needed to have niche routes or suppliers or customers and you need to have the same in SMS. I don't think it's simply enough to say oh voice is getting really tight let's just start trading in SMS and see what happens because there are some old timers around who have obviously have been doing it for 20 years. So anyone who doesn't have that information to hand or isn't exactly sure but would like to look into it then we're precisely here for that to help you understand exactly whether you do have a USB and to help you build a business case before you leave. So then I think we come to the second question and what you mentioned is where are the opportunities. Well there's opportunities everywhere. It's only a question of digging in and finding out where those opportunities are. They might be in your supplier base, they might be in your customer base. It could be that you have enterprise leads on the market. I mean for me one of the biggest opportunities is still with enterprise. The enterprise space is exploding with requirements at the moment and some they need people to help them find the right solutions. That doesn't necessarily have to be SMS. It can be any of the new channels that are out there, RCS, WhatsApp, Viber. It's all happening but it all needs somebody to guide them into helping them find the right solution that suits their needs the best. Makes sense. Thank you. So where can our viewers go to learn more? Well they're more than welcome to get in touch with me directly at ITW or through LinkedIn. I would be very happy to talk to anybody. Otherwise please go to our website, either my own company telexera.com or to the messaging school.com where you'll find a wealth of information that can help you get on the road. Perfect. Well thank you so much for your time here Ellen. We really appreciate it and thank you viewers for turning into JSA TV and JSA podcasts. Happy networking.


Income tax 2023-2024. Tax law and tax authority. Get ready and some coffee because we're going to stop the tax man in his tracks with income tax preparation 2023-2024. Tax law like any law generally has a hierarchy of authority or different levels of guidance that can help us as we try to seek our goals and objectives as tax preparers and taxpayers that being to pay as little taxes as we are legally required to pay. So some of those layers of authority include the statutory sources in essence the law itself administrative sources often provided say by the IRS who's trying to enforce the law and then judicial sources meaning court cases that come about about questions in a particular section of the law.


hey everyone welcome back to figure fantasy so we are here at urban alert and our first event is going to be green alert we're gonna be starting with our easy stay so check out my lineup okay guys so here is my lineup so Mikoto is going to get the back to hit three enemies and we have here the rest of the gang for you so let's try this out okay so Alfred is our lone Vanguard here and we have to make sure that he survives because he's your only weak link in this first lineup because Crysis will definitely survive that onslaught so four allied figures survive for this round and we have three stars let's move on to the next okay so we are now at hard and let's check out my lineup for this one guys okay so for this round we have here Yamazaki who is going to play a big role in eliminating the big Chikov ski at the back so we need to have him in this lineup he needs to survive as well because we need to clear this within 10 seconds no kill the Chikov ski in 10 seconds sorry so that is it there you go guys three star clears and we're moving on to our last round okay for the last round we have Torment and let's see my lineup guys okay guys so let's just talk about this lineup while we're at it so this lineup is pretty much very challenging the 20 seconds clear time is very very short but you also need to make sure that Yamazaki and Alfred survives in your team so we need to be able to clear this one in about five seconds to have three stars I think we're gonna make it this time there you go okay so just in case if you had difficulty in your first year hours please continue because RNG plays a big important role in this stage okay guys thank you very much for staying this far so hopefully I was able to help you take care stay safe this is the warden and I'm out of here


Texas Rangers starring Joel McRae as Ranger Jase Pearson. Another authentic re-enactment of a case transcribed from the files of the Texas Rangers are fictitious for obvious reasons. The events themselves are a matter of records. Every day Monday through Friday there's top entertainment all day long when you've set your radio dial to NBC. Listen for Double or Nothing and you'll hear one of radio's funniest quiz shows. Yes, Walter O'Keefe consistently comes up with great comedy entertainment Monday through Friday on Double or Nothing. Listen and you'll agree. And then there's the program with a heart, Strike it Rich. The grand entertainment that Warren Hall brings you every day on Strike it Rich is just what the doctor ordered if you suffer from the housework blues. From Chicago Tommy Bartlett brings you Welcome Travelers and interviews with the many interesting guests who each day pass through the windy city. And for more fun listen for Bob and Ray those two zany comics. Then there's music and charm with Dave Garroway. So remember every day Monday through Friday chase your blues away with the wonderful daytime programs on this station of the NBC radio network. And now here's today's tales of the Texas Rangers. And now from the files of the Texas Rangers the case called Smart Kill. It is approximately 11 o'clock on the evening of May 14th 1939 in the small South Texas town of Carville. Mr. and Mrs. Edward Woodley have been spending the evening at the home of friends. Call to the telephone but a moment ago Ed Woodley has faced flush with excitement. Now hurries across the room to his wife's side. I thought that. Come on we got to get out of here and would leave you taking leave of yourself here I picked up the coat and purse quick now and face it.  I'll explain in a minute. Push over I'll drive well I never would be what's the big idea of running out on a party that way. I think I did right not busting up the party. Well you certainly didn't help it any now would you mind telling me why you made such a spectacle of yourself and why you're driving this car like a maniac after that phone call from Sheriff Fuller he said our feed and grain companies on fire and burning like fury knowing that's what he said look off there you can see the flames in the sky now oh oh why didn't you tell me before I couldn't see any point and tell about it the party would have busted it up for sure I'm sorry I spoke like I did don't blame it show up the fire departments there we'll know as soon as we get around this bend. Oh yes it was right you sure got a good start the fireman can hardly get near it. It's cheerful. Pretty much on the way to go up like she's filed high with feed grain and cotton. Oh I sure wish I could get in there for just about two minutes so don't you dare try to get near there. I wish Martha all my leg is in there I don't know how I'll ever get speed on paperwork. Firemen are having a terrible time getting close you can feel like heat all the way over here. Thank the Lord it didn't happen when someone was in there. That's your office right where that window is isn't it Ed. Yeah but it might just. Well Martha I don't know what is it. Martha The way the flames jump around you just imagined it. Yeah there's nothing there now Ms. Woodley. I'll tell you. Would anyone have gotten in there tonight Ed. Of course not there isn't she's right. Yeah there's someone in there. I know I saw him just before he fell back. Just one thing man pray for him it's too late for anything else. Fire raged far into the night completely destroying the feed and grain building. Sheriff Fullo suspecting criminal intent asked for the help of the Texas Rangers. Ranger J. S. Pearson was assigned arriving at Carville the following morning. He and Sheriff Fullo went immediately to the scene of the fire only to find a good many curious town spoke already there. It's a good thing my deputies were out here all night J. S. folks just wouldn't stay away. Morbid curiosity sheriff. According to what you told me the body should be right around here someplace. Yeah just about. Well that's just over there sheriff. What is. What we're looking for. What's left of. Good Lord. That's awful. Fire is a pretty awful thing to watch where you need to. Hard to tell what's burned through and what's still solid. Did a real thorough job it's not going to be easy getting an identification. It's too far gone. I was afraid of that. Fire like this didn't just roar up in a minute share if it took time this fellow whoever he is wasn't drunk or hurt why didn't he get out I never thought of that I want to see the front and back doors sure thing this way J. Here's the back door right here sure not much left of it this helps that lock up big one locks from the outside still locked let's get to that front door over this way. Be careful Sheriff a lot of these spots still hold their heat and know it. Front door should be about here someplace. This is it look at it sure another padlock this one locks from the outside to. Guess that answers your question of why he didn't get out it sure does it couldn't have been an accident he was put in here that makes it murder with malice share that figures well what's the next move right now there's only one important thing identification of the body since the J. P. is through with him have an autopsy performed sure not much left of him to work with I know maybe his teeth will tell us something but that'll take some time just won't be just standing idle in the meantime Sheriff there's a lot of work to be done a lot of work later the sheriff and I were at the home of Ed Woodley the man who owned the burned out building both Woodley and his wife looked haggard and weary eyed over their coffee cups it was easy to believe they'd been at the fire all night once the sheriff introduced us Woodley lost no time getting to the point where would you find out Ranger you know who that man needs you know Mr. Woodley we don't I'll be in the kitchen if anybody wants anything body was pretty well burned Mr. Woodley gonna be hard to identify we can use your help if you've got any idea who he could be or how he got in there not least I did in the world so the building always kept locked at night always Ranger from what I could see they're just two doors how many windows to they look burglar proof to me they were but not fireproof you own the feed and grain business by yourself Mr. Woodley no Sam Taylor's my partner in the business got that form of the joint mine I see Mr. Woodley who else beside yourself has a key to the building why there was only two keys Rangers Sam's got one and I got the other yeah this is mine right here what can I find your partner oh great you'll have to wait on that Ranger Sam has been on the road from on a week he does it traveling for us think he's in Dallas now but he should be home the day or so you think Mr. Woodley don't you know well Sam's not much of a hand for phone and me Ranger and what do you mean he and his wife they only been married about a year I guess you'd call him a kind of love sick fella when he's on the road he does all his phone into his wife we'll look her up I don't suppose I've been much helped you Ranger just can't figure how a thing like this could happen be a lot easier to figure later on Mr. Woodley after we find out who the man was in the fire the sheriff and I got in the car and drove to the farm of Sam Taylor at Woodley's partner though the two partners farms that joined each other there were both big spreads in the drive took a good 15 minutes main house is just a little farther down the road Jason good-looking farm sheriff yeah you don't have to worry about Sam Taylor or Ed Woodley everybody in town knows they got no use for each other but business-wise they do right well for themselves you get the feeling Woodley's got no use for his partner's wife sheriff yeah well she is kind of uppity keeps to herself mostly that's one of the reasons Sam Taylor isn't as popular as he might be this is just turning here James tell me something are you figured Woodley burned down his own building for some reason say you like insurance doesn't figure you want to do that you sure wouldn't put a body in there yeah that don't make sense who runs this place for him got a Mexican who handles most of it yes oh Sheriff Fuller morning Miss Taylor this is Ranger Pearson Ranger howdy ma'am but is there something I can do for you we'd like to talk to you for me of course won't you come in I hope we're not interrupting anything of course not what gave you that idea I thought I heard you're talking to someone oh that must have been the radio you'll have to forgive the house being so untidy I've been able to get at my housework what with people phoning to tell me about fire excuse me I'll just turn that radio on won't you sit down thank you ma'am now what can I do for you it's about your husband Mrs. Taylor Mr. Woodley says he's out of town that's right out of town working while mr. Woodley stays at home can't even prevent the business from burning down you know that there was a body found in the fire mrs. Taylor so I hear we'd like to talk to your husband exactly where is he now why how could he possibly have anything to do with this he's in Dallas where's he staying at the Barclay hotel have you heard from him since he's been away yes he called me from there night before last and you haven't heard from him since no that's what we wanted to know thanks for your help mrs. Taylor you're quite welcome range you have you any idea yet who could have started this fire we're more interested in the man who died in it of course goodbye man goodbye hey Jason wait till we get the car what were you gonna say share when she first opened the front door did you hear a door in the back slam did better than that where I was through the window I could see a man high tailing it away from the house look like a Mexican tall good-looking fella yeah our tour Ramirez he's the foreman I was telling you about I wonder what he was doing in the house this time of day that's what I was thinking well what do we do now chase run up to Dallas and hear what Sam Taylor has to say we made a good time on the road and at five o'clock that afternoon walked into the lobby of the Barclay hotel in Dallas as we approached the desk the room clerk fussy little man about 50 looked up at us over his bifocals yes sir can I help him what room is Sam Taylor in please oh he's in room 401 or was that 403 I just let me check on that will it please you know Jason if Sam Taylor had anything to do with that fire be in register here give him a pretty strong alibi I know I'm terribly sorry sir I was mistaken that's all right what room is he in well that's just it sir he isn't in any room mr. Taylor checked out three days ago in just a moment we will continue with tales of the Texas Rangers starring Joel McCray as Ranger Jayce Pearson you've seen it happen time and time again children playing a ball rolls into the street a child rushes after it full in the path of a speeding automobile perhaps the driver stops in time the chances are he can't and another tragedy another accident due to carelessness is chalked up to become a figure our next year statistical chart of traffic accidents let's all keep this year's traffic accident rate as low as possible stay within the speed limit don't endanger your life by trying to get somewhere too quickly better late than never maybe a tired old saying but it's also good common sense be alert and careful every moment you're behind the wheel never drive after drinking stick to your side of the road and watch for warnings at grade crossings remember it's your life that's at stake you can't afford to be careless a life you save maybe your own now we return you to tales of the Texas we continue now with tales of the Texas Rangers and our authentic story smart kill we were fairly sure that Mrs. Taylor had lied about receiving her husband's call from the Dallas hotel since the record showed he had left there three days before as we approached Carville the following morning we were radioed at the autopsy report was waiting for us the sheriff's office we decided to look at it first before our talk with Mrs. Taylor anything interesting in adjacent plenty sheriff there was a removable bridge in the victim's mouth doc turned it over to lab crew boy that could sure help yeah listen to this a broken knife blade approximately three inches in length found lodged in the third rib just below the heart stabbed from condition of the rib knife was apparently driven in with great force the rib bone itself deflecting the blow away from the heart but I saw him at the window trying to get out of that burning building sounds like something the killer didn't figure on what do you mean I got a hunch the victim wasn't supposed to be alive when he was put in there oh you're fuller oh yeah Johnny we just got in yeah we just been looking over the autopsy report well good we figured you would let us know if you hear anything huh fine that was your lab man Jayce he just wants you to know he sent out pictures of the victim's bridge work to all the dentists in the county let's hope we get a quick identification on those teeth and we won't be working only on theories Jayce you're thinking that body could be Sam Taylor aren't you what else can I think sheriff he left Dallas more than three days ago Mrs. Taylor lied to us about that phone call I think that body in the fire stands a pretty good chance of being Taylor come on let's get out to Mrs. Taylor's and see what she's got to say morning Ranger Sherry Fuller morning Miss Taylor we'd like to have another talk with you if you don't mind well I would it be all right if I dropped around the office later in the day instead I think it's important enough that we talk now Mrs. Taylor very well come in I didn't know that you had visitors but that's all right Arturo this is Ranger Pearson and Sherry Fuller Arturo Ramirez our foreman Ramirez let's not only our foreman he also cooks the best Mexican food in the state he's making enchiladas for lunch now if you gentlemen would care to stay thanks just the same Mrs. Taylor it's a little early for lunch well of course you won't be ready for a while yeah I see yes and your say good Mexican cooking takes a lot of time you know it must be started early in the day well if you have no further need of me I return to the kitchen when I started this is Taylor why did you tell us your husband called from Dallas two days ago because he did why we went to Dallas after we left here yesterday your husband checked out of the Barkley Hotel three days ago but that's impossible excuse me a minute hello just a minute it's for you Ranger thanks hello Pearson they did good who that definite I see thanks a lot that was a lab man sheriff and deputy told him we'd be here dentist about 15 miles from here identified that bridge work who was the dead man Jace who we thought it was yeah it's not easy to say this Mrs. Taylor what is it they've identified the man in the fire it was your husband I'm afraid so man would you rather we came back at another time Mrs. Taylor hate to ask questions at a time like this but there are some things we have to know look what is it you want who's your husband's beneficiary Mrs. Taylor I know what you're thinking that I had something to do with his dad but you're crazy do you hear me this is our job Mrs. Taylor I'll give you something to think about I'll show you you want a suspect do you just wait till I show you this insurance policy thousand dollars and who's the beneficiary on that one who isn't taste Edward Woodley the sheriff and I left Mrs. Taylor got in the car and drove to the adjoining farm of Ed Woodley I wanted to know about that policy I'd just been shown well you're sure that policy has been in effect for about three years one of those personal policies why was it taken out well it's pretty common practice when two partners are important to a business ask any insurance man if Sam dies I collect I die he collects why didn't you mention it when we were here before didn't seem a reason to I still don't why are you so interested in that policy anyway because you're about to collect on it the dead man in the fire was your partner Sam but how did it are you sure Ranger we're sure I think you better come down with us to the sheriff's office mr. Woodley what for why because you profit by your partner's death that could be a pretty good motive for murder for a minute I thought Woodley was gonna give us trouble then without a word he got his hat and came along with us when we got to the sheriff's office we left Woodley with a deputy and went into the inner office to see Johnny Blanch our lab man he was packing the dead man's effects in a cardboard box as we entered well finished up Johnny yeah there's nothing much more I can do until I get this stuff to the lab hope we didn't keep you waiting too long oh no I've been making out a receipt for you sheriff I'll just sign it and get along I see that receipt Johnny sure thing yeah thanks what can coins anything wrong Jayce sure I listed everything Johnny would you mind if I take a look at that box not at all everything there yeah everything you got on your list but I don't know something's wait a minute the key where is his key what key the one Taylor used to get in the building there wasn't any key found on Taylor's body well if there wasn't we got the wrong man sitting in the outer office how do you mean Jayce don't you see sheriff there were only two keys to the building one for each partner Taylor's is missing now if Woodley were the killer he wouldn't have to steal Taylor's key you mean someone used Taylor's key to get him into the building sure looks like it yeah but Jayce Mrs. Taylor'd be the only other one who could profit by her husband's death and she wouldn't have the strength to get him in there unless she had some help yeah but who had Mexican form of hers he seemed obliging in a lot of ways maybe the motive wasn't money after all yeah they were pretty friendly Sheriff let's you and I pay another visit the lady who was so broken up by her husband's death after we got a search warrant we took Mr. Woodley to his house 10 minutes later the sheriff and I were knocking at Mrs. Taylor's front door there was no one home we decided to wait till she showed up 30 yards from the house was Ramirez shack the door was unlocked so we went in and looked yes this door here is just crammed full of expensive shirts something interesting here too what do you got a piece of luggage and look at those initials ST Sam Taylor sure doesn't stand for our tour or a mirrors more shirts yes he didn't have enough room for him in the drawer yeah well this sure proves Taylor came back home yeah probably found Ramirez in the house that's what started it all hey wait a minute Jason there's a car coming could be there and leave the bag here let's get outside we can just about meet him at the house here I want to hear him explain what we found in that shack they'll try this will be the last time Mrs. Taylor I put the car away so you leave the car right where it is Ramirez get out of it come over here see I call Mrs. Taylor I got a search warrant here I'll start with your handbag you know right to do this here's a key sheriff same kind Woodley has that's my husband's keys that's the first time you've told the truth Mrs. Taylor what about you Ramirez miss and your yes you you've got an idea where we can find half a knife knife what night the one mr. Taylor was stabbed with you're crazy here here's my knife yeah shiny and new but how you're gonna explain Taylor shirts and luggage in your chakra mirrors I want to hear that 40 dollar bag and a couple of dozen shirts you just couldn't resist with me what's her idea to make the fire so it would look like an accident you won't have to worry about that anymore Mrs. Taylor I don't think you're gonna see each other for a long long time in just a moment we will tell you the results of the case you have just heard throughout the remainder of the day you'll find more great entertainment awaiting you on this NBC station be sure to hear the first night are starring Barbara Lottie and Olin Suley in a drama entitled found one mother then it stars in khaki and blue featuring talented members of the armed forces with Meredith Wilson as guest master of ceremonies and be sure to hear the hilarious Phil Harris Alice Bay show featuring the comedy addicts of Frankie Reveley Julius Abruzio and brother William remember to that theater guild on the air brings you over 21 the hilarious comedy of army life by an army wife Ruth Gordon who will star in the airplay along with Van Heflin later tonight Jack Parr will be around to ask the $64 question Sunday is fun day on NBC because of the many fine shows sent your way to add to your listening pleasure so remember for fine entertainment all the rest of the day keep tuned to this station of the NBC radio network at home or away at work or at play wherever you go there's radio and now back to the conclusion of today's tales of the Texas Rangers here are the results of the case you have just heard on July 11th 1939 Peggy Taylor and Arturo Ramirez were tried for the murder of Samuel Taylor they were found guilty Peggy Taylor was sentenced to the women's prison at Gory for 40 years and Arturo Ramirez was sent to Huntsville Penitentiary for the rest of his life and here again is the star of our show Joel McCray folks I want to take this opportunity to thank you again for the many wonderful letters that we've received from you listeners hearing from you brings us just a little closer to our family of friends who listen to tales of the Texas Rangers each week I want to tell you a little story about our good friend and technical advisor captain M.T. Lone Wolf Gonzales several years ago Kilgore Texas found an oil field at his front door in eight weeks the dusty sleepy little village of 900 population became a sprawling brawling city of 25,000 strangers streamed in by the thousands and with the good people came the motley horde of confidence men gamblers and professional thugs soon the honest hardworking people of the community found themselves at the mercy of these racketeers Gonzales was ordered to go in and clean up the community in his first offensive he rounded up 500 persons whom he considered undesirable and clapped them in jail when I asked him how he could tell the good people from the bad he said well in those days it wasn't hard at all I just looked at their hands if they had working man's hands with calluses on them I figured they were trying to make an honest dollar but if their hands were smooth and lily white I reckon they weren't up to too much good into the who's gal they'd go wasn't wrong very often either it's a long post see you next week next week Joel McCrae and another authentic reenactment of a case from the files of the Texas Rangers seen in san francisco story a Warner Brothers release the cast included tony barrett parley bair virginia greg barney philips vettie lou gerson and Howard mcnair technical advisor was captain mt lawn woek and solace of the texas rangers this story was transcribed and adapted by anthony barrett and the program was produced and directed by stacy keith hell givney speaking next it's the chase on nbc


You may recall that NCC 2019, released last year, has some new provisions which aim to manage condensation. These provisions apply to both BCA volumes, part F6 in volume 1 and as part 387 in volume 2. Not long after NCC 2019 was adopted we started to get some questions about the new provisions and this is one of them. When you talk about the respective sealing area, which sealing do you mean? Do you mean the sealing of the room being ventilated or the whole sealing that the roof covers? I'm about to give you the answer but first I need to show you the background. The new provisions require that some exhaust systems are discharged directly to outside or into a ventilated roof space and in order to be a ventilated roof space there has to be evenly distributed openings and to come up with the minimum aggregate area of those openings you need to apply the fraction as outlined on the screen to a sealing area. That's one-three-hundredth of the respective sealing area if you have a roof pitch of more than 22 degrees or one-one-fiftieth if you have a shallow roof whose pitch is less than or equal to 22 degrees. But what is the respective sealing area? So here's a hypothetical floor plan, a small residence, we've got a kitchen, living and bedroom all naturally ventilated and in the bottom right we have a wet room which is the bathroom and laundry combined and for the purposes of this exercise it has an exhaust fan discharging into the sealing space. So we need to measure the respective sealing area so that we can determine the size of the openings that we need in order to make the roof a ventilated roof space. So do we measure the sealing of the room being ventilated, highlighted in yellow here or do we measure the whole sealing that the roof covers? The answer is this one, the respective sealing area is the area of the entire sealing that is served by the roof receiving the discharge. Because when you think about it this is a measure of how well ventilated the roof space is and that's a function of the area of the entire sealing that that roof covers. It's not a function of the area of the room which is being ventilated. Something to note on this one is that we're only talking about the roof which is receiving the discharge because for example in buildings like this one we have various roof spaces for the building which are not connected like this two-story house. When you're calculating the openings required for say the upstairs bathrooms you only use the sealing area for the upstairs roof area. You don't measure the lower roof area because that lower roof area does not contribute to how well ventilated the roof area receiving the discharge is. Or if you have parts of the roof which are blocked off from one another like this townhouse which has a separating wall continuing to the underside of the roof then you only measure the part of the roof that's receiving the discharge. You don't measure the neighbour's roof because that has nothing to do with how well ventilated your own roof is. While we're on this topic we'll step through a worked example. The area of this ceiling is 86.4 square metres. The total amount of ventilating area required is calculated by multiplying this area by a factor. There are two different factors one for low roofs the pitch of 22 degrees or less and for with taller roofs the pitch where the pitch is more than 22 degrees we have a different factor like this one. We have more than 22 degrees so we're going to multiply by one over 300. That gives us a total ventilating area of 0.29 square metres and of that total ventilating area 30% has to be within 900 millimetres of the top of the roof. So we find 30% of 0.29 square metres and that gives us 0.09 square metres. You have a few options available let's use some gable vents today. The vents have to be evenly distributed so for this gable roof you would need two gable vents one at each end each at least 0.045 square metres. Now that isn't much event the size of an A4 piece of paper would cover that easily. You could also use whirly birds instead especially if you have a hipped roof and when you use a whirly bird I'm personally happy with taking the throat area of the whirly bird as the ventilating area. You could spend some time if you weren't figuring out the area between the veins but I figured that any air that enters the throat is going to leave that roof space. The smallest whirly bird that you can buy from a popular hardware shop has a 250 millimetre diameter shaft and that gives an area of 0.049 square metres so two of those would suit this roof quite nicely. 30% has to be within 900 millimetres of the top and we've done that with the gable vents or the whirly birds. The remaining 70% is 0.2 square metres and that's found by using eave vents evenly distributed around the eaves. Now what happens if our roof pitch is 22 degrees or less? The ceiling area of course is multiplied by one on one fifteen. Notice how the ventilating area required doubles when the pitch is less. This is because the shallow roof spaces are more prone to condensation because there is less volume for moisture to take up. Relative to this question there is another question and that is isn't a tiled roof without sarking already a ventilated roof? Can't I simply discharge my exhaust into that roof space and not bother with the new ventilation opening requirements that we've just talked about? Well if you think the answer to this question is yes you're probably thinking of volume two <IP_ADDRESS> C2B that I've shown here which used to allow a required exhaust fan to discharge into a tiled roof which wasn't sarked. The idea being that the exhaust air can escape through gaps between the tiles. What I've outlined in red was removed in 2019 in order to accommodate the new condensation provisions. So the answer to this second question is no a tiled roof without sarking is no longer a ventilated roof space under the deemed to size high provisions. You can still use a mechanical exhaust instead of windows to ventilate a sentry compartment laundry or kitchen or a bathroom in accordance with 3.8.5. You just need to discharge that exhaust in accordance with the new condensation provisions found in 3.8.7. That means it's going to be going directly outside or to a roof which has ventilation openings like those we've just talked about.