I'd love to welcome everybody back to the independent investor channel right on time 9 o'clock eastern standard time for the live stream this evening making money. It's elusive it alludes a lot of people it really does. I'm just going back through some of the statistics on the channel and we've been doing YouTube for about five years plus anyway. The whole intent was to start this project share a specific testimonial that being mine a philosophy that I had about markets. You know what I find interesting is that everybody thinks that they've got the philosophy that actually is the one it is the one. And the idea is to sell you on that idea that that singular perspective and approach to stock market investing is the one that can be duplicated and scaled to the masses in such a capacity to suggest you can beat the market to. If everybody out there was seeking out the goal of beating the market. We would have significantly much more failure rate than we do now I would now I would contend that regular investors do everything they can possibly do to talk them off of fundamental investing at every turn. They buy into those tempting and alluring types of philosophies that are rampant now on social media. That is the society we live in. If you want to catch a really good piece of content watch the Berkshire Hathaway annual call I highly recommend catching that on CMBC it was a replay of the entire address by both Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett. They had on the panel as well I believe their VP as well as the CEO of Geico I believe was on there as well to assist in that but you will learn a lot about the philosophies about investing in the right way. You don't have to listen to me.  Because my philosophy about stock market investing at works but my idea and my approach is not to come on to YouTube and profess that you follow my way. No no it's actually the opposite. The idea in my philosophy is to bring awareness to the power of building wealth in the stock market. To pointing out the fundamentals in life that can help augment a good portfolio strategy or wealth building strategy in general. What are those elements of life that can help really accelerate your wealth growth. Elements like real estate elements like seeking out a profession. I know I saw Rebecca in the group here in the in the gallery here she's a viper has been with the channel for a long long time. And there she is saying hi to everybody she's just nice like that. But carries with it a profession that would fit into this category of educating yourself and being able to provide a skill that you can be compensated for.  Okay and as cliche as that might sound might make a lot of sense when you look at what is being contributed to the greater good now in society and that it's not really the contributions to the greater good. Rather how many people you can do then to realizing that they've got all the answers and you don't. The sheer fact the matter is most everybody is trying to get ahead trying to earn an honest living. Trying to hustle where they can. I think for people who pay attention and they want to have a little bit of motivation of even understanding what I bring to the table on the independent investor channel. If you are questioning what it is that is my side hustle this is it. I'm kind of more of a take it or leave it type of fellow because I do have opportunity in a lot of different capacities. I heard Warren Buffett say if you want to just really win at life find the right spouse resonated with me because I have done that. And it makes everything else really put in to perspective. It allows me not to be so consumed with the ups and downs in the stock market. I don't jump up and down when the stock market goes up. I don't sing for the high heavens. I don't rejoice to the good Lord that he has bestowed upon me the dividend renderings or call call contracts or put contracts that have paid me some money.  I'd like to strike it a deeper meaning here on the channel to understand that it's really not about me. I do share my successes. I will share that this evening. I looked at the portfolio which I haven't done the reviews on the live stream for quite some time. I'm OK with that. The market has just been kind of horrific over the last couple of years. It's been a weathering exercise which is fine for me. It's given me an opportunity to focus in on other things. We've lost some subscribers to the channel which is awesome. Good riddance. I don't want you on the channel if you don't want to be here because I call into rigor the importance of personal application. In other words, I'm not going to yell and scream at you.  I'm not going to yell and scream at you. I'm not giving you the shock factor. I do not believe that all investors need to just buy BT and be happy with that. I think there's a little bit more, as a matter of fact, a lot more that I demand of people and understanding how dynamic life can be if you are just willing to take a shot. It came up in the Berkshire Hathaway call just this evening, which I've watched about half of it, I guess. They were talking about Benjamin Graham, who, for you guys that don't know, authored the Intelligent Investor. The first edition was released in 1949. A lot of the tried and true investing fundamentals that were identified in the Intelligent Investor are prudent today. It is one of the best-selling investing books of all time. Warren Buffett talked about how important Benjamin Graham was to him and his counsel. Charlie Munger added a different twist to it, as he usually does, as he chomping on butter crunch or whatever the hell he eats during those calls. I thought it was pretty cool. He offered that in the version five, there's been multiple versions. I think they're coming out with version five actually, iteration five of the Intelligent Investor here shortly, which they're wonderful. In one of the iterations, Charlie Munger talks about Benjamin Graham's admittance to half of his wealth actually being generated by one hyper growth stock that he got invested in and hit big. The rest of the wealth was generated from sound investments in the capacity that he discusses within the course of the Intelligent Investor. I thought this was really prudent and it speaks to what I think a lot of people have in way of a kind of a stigma or an idea about Benjamin Graham just speaking about value investing being the only way. When ironically, he too was one of those that was willing to take a shot and does in fact talk about minimizing those poor investments in our life, but also at the same point even scrutinizing that very trade so that the audience could understand that it was a thing in time that happened to him. He does acknowledge that on paper that did constitute or contribute to a lot of the man's wealth to the tune of half, but also to scrutinize the trade from the perspective of being intelligently critical. I think is what Warren Buffett said on his own evaluation and what he looked at to make sense of the trade where a lot of people didn't make sense of that same trade and how it was on the precipice of actually not happening. I believe he was talking about GEICO at the inception of GEICO and the deal that made that all possible in the very inception and that by taking that chance on the onset set themselves up for that grand wealth that was generated into the future. And that wealth could have not ever been realized had it not been for that deal actually coming to fruition, but it was really cool to hear Warren Buffett's take on how critical Benjamin Graham was on that personal trade of his. I think for what it means for everybody out there, I think it speaks to not limiting your capability. For me, I think of highly on I think of what it means to me now whether or not it materializes into anything special or or or anything material. I like to think of the industry moving in this direction I like to think of the solution being highly on being a solution that can be brought to the rigor of mainstream and actually catching footage. Whereas right now people look at it and they're like man it's crazy like you're you're not a good investor because in the acute I look at it in the acute and it's not performing well right. And I think to to to the point I'm making about risk taking and analyzing the level of risk to reward. I think the mass maximum risk to reward right now in a particular trade like that for example, couldn't be more apparent to an investor like myself who is looking at the future in just a couple of short years and identifying a potential catalyst for the name, and maybe having that life changing type of of wealth now. I'm not going to sit here and tell you that that's going to happen. I believe that it will, and when it does. I'm going to give you guys a very, very interesting perspective on how that is not to be followed, not to be templated and sold to the masses. This speaks to my insistence that those opportunities are out there those opportunities can lead to downfall. They can lead to opportunity. Okay, the sheer reality of it is that if you are unwilling to take those risks in life, right, you are almost guaranteeing yourself a life of of mediocrity when it comes to investing. I'm not here to judge guys, but I am here to tell you that a bottom line fundamental philosophy about stock market investing is that if you're going to make some money in the stock market at some point, you're going to have to put some capital to risk. Alright, unless you guys have figured out how to invest in the stock market without putting anything to risk and making money without putting any type of capital to risk. I'd like to understand that, but if we can just agree that there is some level of risk that has to be put on the table to actually generate some of that wealth that we talk about seeking, then we're understanding each other and where we're coming from significantly more. Shout out to Andreas. Thank you for tuning in. It's got to be late there, my brother, but I appreciate you taking the time. I'm probably thinking about maybe instituting. If we can get a little bit of momentum, I guess, started and I again, I kind of thought that this was going to happen. If I had to wager, I said it in my post Q1 reaction video that I felt like this was going to happen. I just think that the market right now is not showing a whole lot of favor to these types of opportunities and that's totally fine. What is typically the most prudent thing to do when you have conviction on a name like this is to continue to wait it out. I mean, I look at the other two, which I think are probably struggling a little bit more stock prices obviously recessed a little bit more. Highs on a Nikola interesting enough. I really are kind of attractive if you could just own the entire space and own all three of these companies.  It's kind of disappointing to see the good news fall on deaf ears with both of my high conviction high speculative growth companies and who's to suggest that, you know, that isn't going to persist with both aduro clean technologies and highly on holdings. Those are kind of my conviction buys right now in the growth category. And you guys might think, well, I'm buying growth stocks every day. I'm not a lot of the money that I've invested thus far this year in 2023. I'm super glad that I bought the Mazdaq when I did. I bought all of the big technology names put some pretty pretty big positions to work in both Amazon Google, Microsoft and Apple. Meta I've owned all the way through this downturn and I didn't add any to it. I just owned it through the downturn and it's approaching the high price that I bought it for. So just kind of proven that a little bit of patients can actually can actually pay off a little bit. I was thinking about this idea with regard to patients and I'm almost looking to graduate to a better place in understanding that maybe it's not patients that is necessary in the stock market.  I'm going to be patient about an opportunity at work. I'm going to be patient with certain things that may affect me that would have just normally maybe upset me. Maybe patients is the right application. I'm not really sure if stock market investing. I'm not really sure if patients is the right attribute to apply. I'm not really sure. I've been doing this a long, long time. And it's of interest to me what what recipe I can share with people that actually works in stock market investing. I can certainly share this evening what it is that I feel like works and that's continually funding markets to diversify markets to seek out quality through dividends. To seek out your employer sponsored either 401k or something like that might be prudent for you to start small in a diversified ETF or index fund that is low cost. Those are some of the things that have really, really helped me. I see here, Freeman's in the house here, man, so I'm going to go ahead and I'm going to send Freeman an invite. I don't know if Freeman's got the evening off, but I don't know if he'd want to come on and wrap with the independent investor channel be kind of fun tonight, man. If not, I'll continue to rock it out myself. But there it is Freeman, there's an invite for you, brother. You've never been on the channel. We missed you that night that we were throwing down. That was pretty cool. But yeah, it's really cool to see everybody and reach out and kind of connected dots from a network perspective. But, you know, I'm having a kind of a tough time because I'm a very, I'm a very real what I see on the Nicola camp and even what I see on the highly on camp. Both kind of disturbs me Tesla same thing in that they're not seeing what I'm seeing. And they're making up stuff that I think doesn't really need to be infused into the current situation. There's some real concerns right here. There really are. And I think it is exacerbated by the nature by which these companies came to public markets as well without being subject to some of the early scrutiny that some of the IPO market would demand in way of transparency before these companies were even introduced to financial markets and that I get all kinds of comments through the channel and there was one to suggest that all current shareholders and highly on will be completely wiped out and that Thomas Healy will survive and that he'll write on with his back funded sales of millions of shares and that highly on being that it's such a good idea will will move on and be bought up by another company with a heads of dollars share. That takes an imagination. That's for sure. I'd like to think we live in a society that's a little bit more honest than that. But my trust with this company has digressed. That's for sure. It's really been broken. You know, I just think that they're they're shifting and they're playing ping pong amongst their product portfolio in a manner that would suggest to me that they don't even really know that they're willing to kind of pounce on whatever the market makes available in what I would admit to be a very, very lean market at this particular juncture. I get it. I do. But I don't I don't sense a clear direction anymore. And I sense that because the weakness and the stock price has driven it so far down that that companies are potentially somewhat hesitant to fly the flag of a company that can't keep a $2 stock for stock price. And I think that's very real. I think for Thomas Haley to actually acknowledge the weakness and the stock year is probably way too little too late when it when it sunk below the $10 mark. That's when when the emergency Bell started to started to go off for me. And quite frankly, I thought that should have been the time where instead of putting his foot on the accelerator and telling everybody that it's OK, which I'm here to tell you it's not. It's not OK. It's not OK to have the stock price this this low. It's not. I can tell you basically everything that I am seeing with the company itself is is fine.  The question that I have is where are those supplemental dollars going to actually come from? And when are those supplemental dollars going to be made available in some level of material value to help cover cap X? That's really the question. And I, you know, I don't know. I, you know, I, I would be an interesting cat to put in the room here to question what is going to be addressed at this investor presentation here. I quite frankly think they should be somewhat embarrassed by the performance thus far because it's been nothing less than embarrassing. It's been totally horrendous. Be honest with you. Yeah, so I see a comment that popped in here and he's asking for my comment. I'm happy to get it. I did not know Toyota recently got carb approval. It doesn't surprise me a bit. You know, and and that's the thing is where there might have been a perception of first mover advantage with highly on as good as their idea is. Competition is going to be out there and silent alert did a good job of talking about the basic minimum of units that need to be sold. I'm a little bit more robust on thinking that it's about 4500. He seems to think and this might have something to do with my number needing adjustment based on the earlier projections on the MSRP because his MSRP was around $400,000. So he's not far off with the 3000 projection to meet muster. But when we're talking about, you know, competition out there in the landscape and we're talking about only so many OEM slots, it begs that question of when and how and in what capacity the OEMs are going to be available for this company. And and it's it's it's just really unclear to me based on the information that I read. I interpret and I'm giving you my best my best guess as to where we are right now. And there's a lot more questions than I do clarity at this particular juncture in a time where after three years of public markets. I honestly think we should have a very, very crystal clear road on how we're going to make sense of this whole thing and how they could become a little bit more nimble, which was an admirable goal. But there is just as much if not more confusion as to what slowing down the current burn rate is going to do for highly ongoing forward and when and if this market actually ever does kind of let up. When when that when that does end up letting up how it's going to affect the bottom line. But, you know, I this is to be expected. I think competition is to be expected. I saw Walmart is taking on the 15 liter Cummins engine in a project that, you know, was previously owned by Nicola, who absolutely fell on their face. Now, as a bias shareholder, I'd like to see the hyper truck ERX put through the rigor by by Walmart, because I think it's a superior product, but that's not the direction that they chose to go. But it's really yet to be seen what type of opportunities are going to be made by these fleets that are going to be mandated through the ACF mandates that are coming through that that require these fleets to actually play ball. And if they're not choosing to play ball, it's it's going to be dirty. They are going to choose to play ball. The question is going to be what options they choose to meet the mandates that are being placed on the fleets and the OEMs where highly on finds their place in that charge is going to be of interest to me and I'll be there for the show. There's no doubt about it. But I did tweet tonight that it's a horrible position to be in as far as an investor. I'll never do it again. Never, never. If this is going to be an investment of a lifetime so be it. If it's not so be it I can deal with it either way. I will be there in the end, one way or the other. But this is not a position of strength at all. You know, churning discussion and a discord group that I that I support wholeheartedly. Andreas does a fantastic job. It is still the best information that can be available and highly on. I'm just here to tell you it's it's really lean right now. There's not a lot. I mean, we can try to figure out the car now and understand how it works and, you know, debate back and forth. And in some cases get into a heated argument to boost our testosterone or, you know, boost our attitude about what we think we hold. But in the end, highly on really has to come through with and deliver on what it is that they. At some point saw themselves penetrating a class A market that right now I'm more confused as compared to what I what I was three years ago I'm more confused now as to how they see that level of penetration. I mean that you know they're they're taking 30 orders this year when they projected what I you know I think they projected hundreds of orders if not thousands of orders this year in 2023 and they're they're repurposing and reconditioning the 30 that they have because the build slots just aren't there. The interest is just not there. They're spreading out the interest hoping that those products actually catch fire in the industry. I hope so too. But you know at the end of the day the product has to perform and that's been the requirement where years ago it will continue to be the requirement. And if they cannot prove to the industry that they have a product that they can actually, you know, put to the rigor of class A. Then this project will absolutely be for not but I thought the call was interesting. I recommend that you guys go on and try to catch that Warren Buffett, Berkshire Hathaway, Charlie Munger address to shareholders. I thought it was fantastic and actually made me feel really, really good about where my philosophies are on stock market where we where we've been where we're going, what we're teaching upon here because I'm not all rah rah about what I do. I'm a little bit more rah rah about what I teach, if in fact that can go out to the masses and we can actually get some reciprocation to understand that that rah rah actually works for people out there. No matter what their income level, no matter what skin color or gender they are money is a funny thing. It's often suggested that money is the root of all evil. I beg to differ money is just money in its rudimentary sense it's a piece of paper. It backs our acknowledgement to and confidence in the spending power of that dollar, and that's really it. You can put that dollar to work in a lot of capacities you can spend that dollar to be lost forever for the satisfaction that you get on buying certain products with that dollar. And dollars can take on a number of different forms we just teach upon maximizing those forms of appreciation, while reducing the effects of fees over that those those same dollars that you want to be working hard for you. While you're out doing what it is that you're doing your own time guys thank you so much for tuning into the live stream here. Really appreciate you guys to take a short break and be back with you in just a moment. So as I can't find the stock I think this is part of the problem actually I buy the stock on interactive brokers. I think there's been some folks that have actually had some luck on Charles Schwab, but you've got a column. I can't even get the stock to register within the ledger. ACTHF is the ticker symbol for aduro clean technologies, which is doing great their options opportunity from 2001 their initial units plus warrant expired May 17. Which is why we got that short pop in the stock here. I'm not looking for anything to material over the short short term, but I do have high hopes for this company, but I use interactive brokers of all things and interactive brokers is no joke. Okay, it's no Robin Hood. It's a serious platform. You can do all kinds of crazy stuff. I had to actually do a self acknowledgement to trade in this case OTC or pink sheet types of of equities so you have to be a little bit savvy. Okay, and I'm not aware outside of what I understand. Now this is not validated by me or endorsed, but both fidelity and TD Ameritrade. If you guys are using those and do own aduro clean technology through those brokers. I think that's a problem. I don't understand kind of frustrating. I brought that to my group, my network last fall, and they do also understand it. I think there's a lot of major brokers that will pick up on the stock when it's a lot higher market cap than right now. I think it sits at about 45 million us close to 50 million probably closer to 45 now with the latest couple point digression in the stock. But yeah, that's the best I can tell you I have have bought the stock I bought 2500 more shares the beginning of this week. That was the only purchase that I made of any consequence I believe it's just the one that made the most sense and I got that at an entry of about 0.64. So about 64 cents on the entry there on aduro clean technologies. Super happy to own those shares great to own a nice block of it. That's a management I can get behind I've actually talked to the CEO many, many times I find it ironic how I've talked to the CEO haven't met him in person. But he was just unavailable. He was at his daughter's soccer game or something that he was going to make himself available to actually shake my hand and thank me for all the good work on the company. I can't even get a retweet from Thomas Healy and I'm not really sure if I understand enough to separate because it's a $300 million company burning cash like a mofo. Why I can't or anybody else for that matter I mean silent alert I give him more credit than anybody to actually try to get some reciprocation on Twitter that that's just not there it's just not there. And I don't expect to get an answer I did don't don't don't think for a second I have an arrogance problem like I should be able to banter back and forth with the almighty great CEO. Thomas Healy but I will remind you that I wrap with CEOs every single week on the channel. I had an interview today canceled with one CEO and I've got two scheduled next week. So that's the whole idea behind YouTube is bringing people closer to what has been a very elusive type of thing. Now where they were quick to take back dollars funded by you know the the the institutions and the retail investors that funded that project. I think the least they can do is be a little bit more transparent online but hey who am I who am I to judge. Who am I to judge kids. Very cool stuff says I'll continue to be aggressive and pushing for more transparency we need this from the from the folks going down Freeman to Austin. I'm afraid that there's going to be some hesitation to challenge highly on and Thomas Healy see I take a lot of grief and there's a lot of people on there that just do this a lot. They just do this a lot. That's all they do. They think I'm being unprofessional. They think I'm being rude. They think I'm being too scathing. They think I'm being Hank right too often and I often take some scrutiny and it's like I'm a share owner. I can have as much scrutiny or as much positivity. Some of the things might be considered even to my own metric overblown. But my baseline merit for challenging the company at this point is right on the money. They deserve to be scrutinized. They have not they have not earned at least over the last couple of months here. They just have lost a lot of credibility regurgitating old information because they don't have new information to provide Freeman if they did they would provide that. And I think we need to be a little bit more challenging at this point. Look if they're going to make it great. That's great. But if they're not going to if they're not going to provide any transparency because they don't have any interest in the product.  It's just not working. There's no transparency to investors and Thomas Healy and the board of directors are probably sitting there saying we've got all this stuff right here. We're behind the scenes. They just don't know how to share it or they feel like the time is not there to share that information. Maybe maybe not. Maybe there's absolutely nothing going on at highly on and we all generate this churn around this really really good idea that really is in the it hasn't even started on its commercial launch. I mean this is supposed to be that they have got some audacity by putting a hat out there that says 2023 erx launch they've got some audacity. No kidding. We're making 30 where we're selling giving people hats to celebrate some monumental monumental achievement in filling the first 30. Now maybe that generates some churn. Maybe. I don't know. I just man I'm really hungry for information and I don't feel like we're being provided very much information as a share owner. That's just my two cents Freeman but we can go in the OEMs. We can go nowhere without them yet. I mean you've heard me say that and it's just it's not it's not rocket science man. I'm not I'm not trying to be rude here. All right. But you know highly on is not a it's not an OEM and they need the assistance of that OEM and there's there's been some scrutiny over this and the talent comes to fruition. Then it's not real until it does. All right. They've says he founded on fidelity so very cool stuff he's got a thousand shares. Happy with that amount and learning more about the company so cool stuff David good luck with those shares very cool stuff so fidelity. That's probably your best option. I think to go ahead and purchase the shares because I do not recommend interactive broker to the faint of heart.  It's not user friendly. It's not just startup Robin Hood and you're investing five minutes because it's like it's like a cartoon. It's not like that. It's very very serious very technically advanced. The site keys that you have to have to get into it. It is possible guys. I'm just telling you what that's what I use. And I think I'd probably opt to go with the fidelity or the TD Ameritrade but I can't confirm and Dave's helped us confirm that you can actually use fidelity for the purchase of a duo shares. Thank you Dave. I appreciate that man. Yeah I think you know by laying it out straight I don't want to be misconstrued as a negative Nancy. All right if you want to know where my loyalty lies just look at my share position. Okay. I've added shares in the low ones. I just I don't want to see it go back there. This has been an absolute drag. It's been an absolute drag nothing to be excited about. I mean if this thing goes to four or five I know the discord communities just going to be overjoyed with rum punch and it's going to be flowing out of your out of your iPhone because you're in the discord group I get it. I'm not going to be surprised or surprised or happy when it hits four or five either because that's like halfway back to their IPO price. You know these guys have got a long long way to go and if they're not careful they're going to get delisted. And we're going to end up holding a we're going to end up holding an OTC QB stock and not a not a company that's traded on the New York Stock Exchange is as happy as they are right.  But they will delist them that there's no like hey you deliver our Christmas tree but you can go ahead and hang out at you know 90 cents a share it's not going to work that way. And they got a lot of work to do. They do. I have confidence that if they're going to pull this magic act off that they absolutely will and I think that the maximum potential of profit will be rendered for those shareholders that saw it through. Just that simple not losing sleep over it. I'm just disappointed in the performance. I mean every day every week every month goes by for the last three years and absolutely nothing absolutely nothing. No movement on prior relationships you know the story has changed so much. I think Dave said it best here highly on talking about stationary Carnot too much lately it makes their direction very confusing. I totally agree. Dave thinks like me.  It's easy as hell.  You know it is absolutely justified right now there are answers that are due to share owners. And I hope that they provide that to the investor base. I wish I could go. I actually wish I could go not to scrutinize. I lay on because I could think up some doozies and one of them would have a lot to do with the OEM integration and and and the disparity between the current cash burn and the operating expenditures which right now sit at about $150 million per year about a 35 million or so burn rate per quarter. That's incredible. And to silent alert points on the low end at 3000 units per year. I actually think it's more up around the 4000 mark now to actually make some level of generating capital. I think capital raises inevitable way way before that mark. If we are approaching break even highly on is absolutely going to go through a massive capital braze but they can't do that now. That's why they're shitting their pants on this current stock price and saying oh God man maybe we should have paid more attention to it.  Now we can't raise capital. Now if we burn this capital in the next year and a half two and a half years tops right. They're going to be stuck and and and not have access to capital and have a stock price and the shitter they're going to get delisted they're going to reverse stock split the stock. And all of us that are holding 20,000 shares are now going to end up holding 200 shares. Because they've done 100 for one split and split the stock and put the share float to 50,000 rather than 271 million or 170 million wherever it is now which is a pretty tight float.   They you know they need to make up their mind they need to focus and they need to make sure that the skews that they're checking or their verticals that they're pursuing actually have an end game to them. I just think that I have a feeling that they're pushing out all of these products with the hope of selling them in the open market without any prospecting whatsoever to understand whether or not the industry even wanted this in the first place. Right. Is the incentives going to be enough is the mandates going to be enough. Thomas Healy speaks about a genuine push toward electrification. I believe that to be somewhat genuinely true. But I don't trust Thomas Healy at this point. Yeah, I don't. I don't not until he can win it back. And I speak for a large group of share owners. Let me be fair. I just speak for myself. A lot of share owners out there love the guy. I think he's just absolutely one hundred percent trustworthy. Me. I think he acts like CEO. I think he acts like a CEO should. I think he should display confidence in all in all weather. And he certainly does that. That doesn't mean that I have to trust him in all weathers. That doesn't mean that I have to believe that the car now is going to be the technology of the future. All right. Can I get excited about it. Sure. Show me something. The E.R.X. is supposed to launch in twenty twenty three based on this funny little hat here that's cost me tens of thousands of dollars to to to wear with pride. Right. During my monthly video that fifty thousand dollars worth of free content that pushed through up for the for the company on free advertising. Where is that got nowhere. The stock is trading at a dollar sixty five. Show me something. Shake something up. And I think that's what it kind of was about this quarter. But you know who's who's to say where this story goes. We're probably emerging from the ice age that I speak about. And I think we'll probably all reflect back on this time and actually laugh a little bit on on where the stock was and not not kicking ourselves for not buying more. You know I look across the landscape and you know I think I presume that retail investors are buying a couple stocks right now. The number one stock that people are probably pouring into right now because it's such a good value is NVIDIA. NVIDIA is trading at about a hundred and eighty P.E. right now forward sales of about eighty five right now. NVIDIA is basically been anointed the A.I. King going forward. They report next week. I'm I'm interested to understand how that shakes out. But I find it ironic how a company like a highly honor and a duo which with such deep value and anemic valuations as far as their market cap goes. In compared to the actual penetration that they can make in their respective markets. I think the two are completely different universes. And if you asked nine out of ten if you ask ninety nine out of a hundred investors which stock would they rather own. They would say NVIDIA and oh what's the other stock. They would have no idea. So invest how you will. It's totally up to you. I'll continue to own NVIDIA through the indexes. I don't own it as a single stock nor do I own Netflix. I just don't believe in their business. I believe that they spend way too much for content. I'm just not playing ball and I put Tesla in the same category. I'm just I'm just I'm not I'm not a proponent of the Tesla product. I believe it's a lot more discretionary than people give it credit for. I don't think it appeals to the masses. I really don't. And until they can do that and really provide me some insight. You think competition is coming for highly on and don't think competition is coming for Tesla. You're in for a rude awakening. You really are because some of these EVs that some of these companies like BMW Audi are coming out with are phenomenal products Alan. Good evening to you. Great to have you in the live stream. My brother. Appreciate you. Victor's in the house. Good evening to you. Appreciate you guys staying with me. Very cool. Got JBJ in the house. Good evening to you my friend. Welcome. Justin's in the house. Proper nineteen. Fantastic. Good to have you brother. Classes and session. I don't know about that. I don't know. I throw a few curse words in between the lessons and hope I get under your skin a little bit. But I'm you know my techniques have have been known to work. That's for sure. I saw the coolest comment come through the channel tonight. And it was actually it was a really cool comment. It was very nice comment. It was like finding the independent investor channel was from Tim. Tim's with them that with the channel. He was like subscriber. I don't know. Number 12 and Tim's been with the channel for a long, long time. He said it's like winning the lottery. He said he you know he started and I remember when he started he actually reached out to me and we we actually spoke which I've done with for hundreds of people. People don't really understand that. And you know they think I'm just some funny guy who's not very articulate and says I'm a lot in my live stream and he's a dork and they should unsubscribe. What they don't see is that I absolutely have affected a lot of people. If I gave a little spark. Great. That's the only piece that I maybe take a little credit for. Tim did it all himself. You know we talked about what could potentially make sense and you know what he was interested in is like this is what I'm going to do right and I was like cool man do it and do it and he's sitting on 70 grand. And it's like those those changes for people man they're very very real and it would be less real if I came on and showed you some elegant graph about me kicking the S&P's ass all the time when that's not really important. It's not really important because I can lie. I can lie and make it seem awesome. I exposed Jeremy many many years ago for doing that very thing about misconstruing his investing ability and capability with the money that he's bringing in through YouTube and then conveying through YouTube that he's some sort of badass investor when the sheer reality of it is he's a horrendous investor. He's not even an investor. He's some kind of something. I don't know. That's horrible. Horrible. The guy strikes me as a guy that's not happy at all. He comes on and apologizes half of times for shitty trades and for you know pointing people in the wrong direction and I think it's great that people follow that. I think it's awesome. It proves my point. It's fantastic. Those same people would never subscribe to my channel. Never. I don't want them here. I'll keep my for you for on a nice calm live stream and tell you that my TSP is up 9.68%. Why? Because that's the truth and I know that truth is much more easily obtained by the masses than me coming on and trying to convey that my portfolio is up 386% over the S&P 500. When in all reality I make really good money. But I have obligations that I can't take in 100% of my paycheck and just throw it into my portfolio and just kind of eat those in there as portfolio gains. That's the secret. That's the sleight of hand. That's what's going on on YouTube. It's insane. People don't want to talk about what is fundamentally going to get you there and what's fundamentally going to get you there is buying diversified, passive assets, ETFs, index funds, going after some dividend renderings through the dividend kings and aristocrats. You can do something like that. Pick whatever broker you want. JGE says let's let's effing go. Good luck. And I'm pulling for you on that Nikola position. If it gets any lower than this, it might actually be a little bit optimistic to take a little stab myself in it. Would you consider me a Nikola investor if I decided to buy 100 shares of it here for 70 bucks? God dang. It's just crazy to imagine that that stock was up close to $90 a share just a couple of years ago. Oh man, how things can change. Isn't that crazy? This company's not small potatoes. It's 1500 employees strong. They've got a mega factory that's, if not complete, nearing completion. They've got first mover and advantage. Begging shareholders again to water down the share float is not really cool. But they seem to think they need financing and that's what they're asking for. I'm not here to scrutinize whether or not I think that's right or wrong. I think you guys know my position on this. I think it's absolutely wrong. Okay, they've fallen on hard market times. Boy, that wouldn't have been anticipated a couple of years ago to suggest. I don't know. Maybe we need to be a little bit more aggressive with our with our opportunity. And I'm not just talking Nikola. I'm talking eyes on and highly on as well, you know, to be a little bit more aggressive with with the opportunity that they had at the time. I think they had up over 600,000 or 600 million in cash. And now we've earned it all the way down. We're less than 100 million in cash, cash long term and short term investments really beef up that capital position. But I don't think they're as strong as they lead on. I really don't. I think if anybody's going to pull them through it's going to be John Panzer. But because I really like him as a CFO, but I just don't know if they've got the goods. I don't know if there's just too much reliance on others to ensure that their success is rendered. And you know, in the case of Nikola, they just firm so much capital.  You know, the amount of capital expenditure that they have for the amount that they're bringing in house is alarming. It is staggering. And quite frankly, somewhat embarrassing. And I could say the same for highly on to you want to be all fair about it.  And Matt's in the house. Good evening to you. Great to see you my friend. Very cool. Music recorder. I think he's got a probably a deep comment. Success in investing isn't about beating the market. Yeah, I couldn't agree more.  You'll get people's attention. No doubt about it.  No doubt about it. I you guys know I've admitted to I I spent very little time watching YouTube. I'll watch my replay again because I think I'm really good. I'm fine tuning my approach, etc, etc. But I don't really watch anybody else. I I deploy my program. I see that it works. And I know that it works for others because I get reciprocation back. What else do you want? What else do you want? Wealth building is just that it's wealth building. All right. You want to come on and try to copy my program because I make a little bit with my side hustle and I pose as if that's somehow portfolio gains. Good luck to you. I mean, I'm going to tell you not to do that. Okay, because it's just not it's not true. All right, the second that you can look in the mirror and ask yourself what you can do, what it is that I can do that makes sense for me. What is it that makes sense for me in relation to my current income?  The better off you'll be. It's about meeting or beating your goals and the timeframe you set for your goal. So Warren Buffett talked about this, your earning capability, your ability to set forth a skill in this life. In other words, if you were taken out of the equation, let's say you were too hurt, right? Could you still have the ability to generate capital in the way that you generate capital now doing what you're doing? I think a lot of people could take a hard look at what it is that they do. And I think it's a scary proposition to operate under those premises. I really do. And Tannis is in the house. Good evening to you, my friend. Very cool stuff. I think that Viper got Jamie's in the group. He's a Viper. He's always been with us and always will be. Jamie's part of the family. Good stuff. Great to see you, my friend. Great to see you. Part of the community, man. Good stuff. Steve's in the house. He's got the WRX. So he must be a Subaru fan. Good evening to everyone, he says. Fantastic. Getting to the end of the live stream. This was really the fastest 60 minutes. I didn't really talk about anything tonight. I'm going to make sure I got all the comments tonight. You guys took the time to come in here. Cashews offers E-Trade as well. So that's very cool. I had heard that before. So thank you very much. And give some people some options for the broker that they choose so you can get a hold of some shares of that company if you like that. Okay. That gives you that option. That's really cool. Let's become highly on Karen's because we absolutely have to for sure. I'd like to speak to the manager. Yeah. Highlands practical approach might not be what the market wants. I just don't know if there was the rigor of, you know, the R&D. I talk about the analogy of, you know, when you go out and the gold diggers, they go out, they don't just start digging for gold, right? They, you know, they prospect for the gold and they can strategically allocate their resources toward those areas where they know that there's inferred resource in the ground. And I'm just not sure what in way of research highly on did to determine that this really awesome idea is going to just penetrate. Now, I'm being more critical now because I just haven't seen the results. I know that this technology can work and so do you, right? It's been happening in the maritime community for ages and years. And, you know, lithium ion batteries and battery management systems are integrating into the maritime industry at the same rigor as over the road. So it's exciting to see these, you know, coming into both these massive industries. But to your point, I just, I just can't put my thumb on the pulse of where the need and where the want and where the desire are. I cannot put my thumb on the pulse of where the loyalty is going to lie in reaction to the ACT, ACF mandates that are coming. What is it going to mean? Is it going to be just like every other mandate that comes out in this country that, you know, half of the country follows it?  You know, what does it mean for the 13 states that do comply with ACT or ACF and the other states that don't? Now, what is it going to mean? You got to go around Colorado? I just don't know. I just don't know. Perhaps maybe we're a couple of years premature of even talking about any type of anything material happening with this opportunity. I think if I was going to just offer a quick response in a way that maybe brought this home. The few videos that I have seen, I think it was Robbins, actually. He's a rep with Hylian. Some of the lesser known reps that I think that they've hired on, some of the military vets, I think he's the BP of sales. I believe he's really, really quite good. He was in the ACT video or ACF video. And they were standing outside in front of the HyperTruck ERX and the ACT was discussing how it checks a lot of the boxes that ACT expects from a rig. And that's what I would point back to is that the ERX is very, very real. Whether or not it remains a concept or not, we can debate that as gentlemen and suggest that it's either not or is going to have its place in Class 8 trucking. But it exists. It exists. The question is, does it perform at the rigor that it is being projected to perform under? And even with that performance, to your point, does the market care? Does the risk and the cost associated with taking on new technology that, yes, supply for a $40,000 credit, you're still in it, $390 for the truck. That $40 is a wash as far as I'm concerned. They're just going to put a $425 tag on it and they're going to sell the trucks for $485. That's what they're going to do. They're not going to place that savings back to the fleets that are actually purchasing vehicles. But once they get these vehicles in hand, is it going to perform? Is it going to provide the long-term TCO? Is it going to be a wash? Is it going to cost them money? In other words, is this change to electrification going to hurt the bottom line of industry? And if it does, we're going to have a war on our hands. We're not going to have a fleet that's just going to sit back on their haunches that's been built up and advocated for and lobbied over for the last 150 years. They're not going to sit idly by and put these technologies to work. Now, if they work, that's a different story, which I believe that the hyper truck has a pretty good shot of being introduced into the fleet trials later on this quarter. And that's going to be cool for me to see is, you know, is the truck going to be able to really withstand the rigor of Class 8? Is it going to perform in the manner that is being projected for the fleets? And if it can, I think we've got something really, really special here. And I think it's going to be sitting back and watching how Hylian deals with an influx of an order queue and the tunes of thousands. I absolutely do. Dave, crazier things have happened in the stock market. And I actually believe that we're in this to incur that crazy time. I really do.  All right. I don't know this man. If I talk to him directly behind closed doors, I'd let him know. I'd let him know that I'm displeased and he could tell me why I shouldn't be displeased for reasons A, B and C, right? But I've always contended that 2023 is going to be that bridging year. So I'm not really that excited about making it something more exciting that I deemed last year was going to be just what it's shaping up to be. In other words, what are we surprised? It's the same old Hylian.  Credibility is gone. The trustworthiness of this company is kind of out the window. And I'm 100% true on that. If they provide and get back some of that credibility, no problem. I'll be fair and say, look, they're earning that credibility with me right now. But I'm not going to say that they've earned my credibility back. Not at this juncture. No way. They haven't earned it. You got to earn it with me. It's that simple. And in the meantime, I'll chalk this up as being a potentially very disastrous investment. If this thing goes to zero, I'm not just going to be like, that hurts. It's a situation that I tweeted tonight that you should avoid like the plague as an investor. Speculative investing is not for everybody. The risk to reward is high on both extremes. And I don't think it's a game that the masses need to be playing. I think the masses need to be playing a game that Warren Buffett suggested that all people can play. And for the most part, find success in. Guys, I really appreciate you tuning in to the live stream. We're past minute 60 here. That was super fast tonight. I appreciate you spending your time with me. I would send you on your weekend and ask you to have a good, good time. Be safe. And we will catch you next Friday on the Independent Investor Channel live stream, fast to 60 minutes on YouTube. Thank you.


It's easier to stay as you are with some slight improvements. The slight improvements make you feel more is happening than is. It's just a little change here or there. I don't do this anymore. I'm better in this area. That's good, but that's not what I'm talking about. I'm talking about fundamental change to the subsoil of your life that is governing outcomes and keeps handing you results that you don't want. It's that. So when I say who are you, I mean at a subsoil subconscious level, who are you?


All right, what is going on everybody if you saw the previous video on the channel You'll see that I reacted to the Bronco test today. I'm going to perform my very first one I haven't done anything like this before nothing timed differently now the Bronco test apparently was created in rugby as Basically a cardiovascular test performed at the start and at the end of preseason training to see how Cardio wise that the athletes have progressed with the training that's been performed. It's the first episode of rugby player tries a Certain test a certain physical test a certain challenge And today's test is the Bronco now the reason I chose the Bronco first is because I Saw recently a post by the Auckland Blues and they are beginning preseason training again because post COVID-19 New Zealand rugby is going to play a domestic competition, which is going to be awesome So every team is coming back into into camp now that you know, you can have more than 10 people At a time in a certain place. So it's all good news here in New Zealand But what happened was they ran a test called the Bronco's like well, that's interesting So apparently it was 1200 meters a shuttle run and Bowdoin Barrett probably my favorite all-blacks player at the moment One and he set a PB and apparently it was a PB for all of New Zealand rugby of all time And his time was four minutes and 12 seconds So I saw that and I was like well, I'm not gonna try and beat Bowdoin Barrett, but I'm gonna try and beat Someone's time. So what I did in the previous video I had a look at a few examples and from that, you know Basically, I've got a time in my head that I should be able to beat if I consider myself fit and fast at my weight and my height and playing the position that I do in rugby and that time is four minutes and 45 seconds So I suppose I'm going to try my absolute very best to beat four minutes and 45 seconds for this test Now the test is From this line here start The first ball that the American football is at 20 meters the second ball The white rugby ball is at 40 meters the third ball the red rugby ball is at 60 meters So you start here you go 20 and back 40 and back 60 and back and you do that five times without stopping Sounds easy, right? Well, apparently not apparently if I can get under 445 I'm doing pretty well, and if I can get four minutes and 12 seconds.  I'm going to get my head around what the distances are like And I'm going to run through a Bronco, but just at half pace. So that'll probably take about 10 minutes That's gonna be the warm-up. I'm gonna catch my breath again talk to you guys once more and do the real thing So I'll see you soon Pretty sure it would be a fateful mistake To continue and do the full Bronco Even at half pace as a warm-up. So I've done it twice Nice and easy pace I'm used to the distance When I get my breath back We'll be going again Wish me luck. All right guys. I want to officially welcome you to the first episode of Rugby player versus its rugby player versus the Bronco test and we're aiming for four minutes and 45 seconds Today's not my day. I'll do the video another day But I push through and it's these little wins you get each and every day through physical exercise and Challenging yourself that I'm just completely and utterly addicted to I've been addicted to this kind of shit since I was born I'll never stop so guys I'm gonna go home put this video together and Find out what my time was. Well, that was the first of a Bronco test.  I've done it now. I Can test myself in another eight weeks to see how we go That's the fun thing about it analytics stats I'm all about it. So I'll see you guys at home All right my friends and there we have it. I've just put the video together and you know to my Pleasant surprise I must admit I got 443 or was it for no 441 So, you know, I firmly believe that I could reduce that by at least 10 seconds You know, I finished that run thinking It's gonna be close and if I do manage to get under 445 it's gonna be because When I turned around for that last 60 meters to come back I thought right. I'm you know, it's the last 60 meters.  I'm gonna go as hard as I can and that's what I did and We were four seconds under the time So I firmly believe that that last 60 meters The thought that went through my head as I turned saying I'm gonna go as hard as I can for these last 60 meters Just in case it's gonna be close and it was and we were under time by four seconds. I mean that's that's Brought pretty cool situation, right? So there you go Jacob McDonald rugby player Does first Bronco test and gets 443 And I'm gonna head down there tomorrow because I can't leave it like that. I've got to get 430 or under And I think we're gonna do it. I Hope we're gonna do it thing that makes this a whole lot harder and The thing that you don't really think is gonna affect you but it does is the stopping and starting So apparently the Bronco test used to be just a 1200 meter run No, that doesn't include any shuttles. It doesn't include any agility. It doesn't include any stop and goes and rugby is a Pretty dynamic sport. It's definitely not all in a straight line So when you're turning, you know slowing down to a complete stop turning on the line and then having to accelerate again It's pretty brutal. I think that is the the factor that's Gonna separate the men from the boys in this this drill, but it wasn't that hard I mean at the end of the day, it's only 1200 meters So I recommend all you guys out there try it for yourself and let me know how you did But like I said, I'm gonna head back down to the same field tomorrow Set the camera in the exact same spot and we're gonna do it again now that I know that I can get 445 I'm gonna go as hard as I can and the result should be if nothing else interesting So guys that was rugby player versus the Bronco test I can't wait for the rugby season to start here in New Zealand and I hope that you know, wherever you are in the world You're kicking goals Because that's the main thing humans thrive off of achievement they thrive off of Goal-setting Following through with things achievements giving thinking but as far as our personal journey goes, you know, there is nothing like having a goal setting a plan and Achieving something and I'll leave you with that. So I'll see in the next one guys. Thanks for watching and peace out


Do you want to do the introduction? Oh, f**k. Yeah, let's do it. OK. Oh, shivus, I can't. Oh, wait. One moment. I've got to do something.  Where are you trying to go? I'm getting, I'm going to get some potions. Oh, some potions. Oh, yeah, those might be quite useful. I've got two, two of them, big boys, big flubber boys. Oh, yeah, flubber me up, daddy. Oh. What? I don't know. Hush, try, oh, hush. Hush, shush, shush, shush. I've just ended stream. My mind is a kerfuffle. Yeah, this is what happens. Usually this is only what Rose and Louie get to see. Oh, yeah. I am currently at city die shop. Let's die it.    Let me lock this door so I don't get interrupted because I think dinner's almost ready. Hello and welcome to the Grapbox. My name is Finn. And today I'm joined here with Andrew Dragonblade. Also known as Fred. Oh, look, I'm changing it up. Oh, my god. Oh, it's always the same with you, isn't it? Oh, gosh. I am Finnegan Dornrider. And welcome back to the road to 100. Also known as Finn. Also known as Ze. Also known as everything else that you could possibly want to call him. But welcome back to the road to 100, dude. Yeah, yeah. Fun, fun, fun.  It's been a while, eh? Oh, my god. It's been a long time. Do you have the quest in for repairs? I've got used precipitate of contemplation in district of the south. Oh, yeah, you do. Yeah, good job. You're doing well. You're already good. Oh, thanks for that. That's what you're meant to do, so you do that. But yeah, it's been, I think, the last time we recorded was in, like, October last year, or maybe August or something. It's been a while. It's been a long while.  Yeah, how's that going, you know? You haven't told many people, you know? Oh, friends, I'm struggling. That is the best way. You stole that from me. Fight me. Now, you have to wait for five million years. I literally do, though. It's constructed as I see. Yeah, it doesn't even give dialogue. It's so useless. It's just animation. Yeah. Like, let me make as much animation as I can. Exactly. Getting pulled in the first part of the episode? No, not today. Oh, of course not. You'd have to do a disc slam. And, you know, that's fun for your disc. Your disc is bad. My disc is nearly broken because of the last time I did that. Not even one. Not as much. I wish it was. Then I could get a new disc. It was a great clickbait title. I broke my disc. I broke my disc. I was playing Wizard 101, you know? I broke my disc playing a children's card game. Of course, of course. Please, please. Like and subscribe for a new disc. So I was, I was, I've been doing a few amount of streams as of recently when I have freedom, which is not that often anymore. But like, we like to feel like I do. But there's a certain lack of viewers coming in, and I'm like, oh, maybe I'm a Teddy streamer. So how much do you think it'll be for a six-chance? I mean, I think it would be quite a lot. Just saying. Dungeon or no dungeon. I'm just here to have a good time. Well, that's what I'm going to give you. You can subscribe to, you can subscribe to me on my Patreon for my monthly nude photos. Ooh, ooh, I like to subscribe. Wait, what? Wait, wait a second. I leveled.  There's certain tiers that you have to go through. It starts with Beta Cuck for $5, $10. You have a rather large pane. Oh, well, I do. So obviously, you know, that's definitely one that I have to get for. Oh, you're going to get that above average pane. Yeah, exactly. Patreon mode. Exactly. You also get exclusive views. I got a jellyfish.  You get $10 and then you get to about like, and then it goes from like 10 to 20, which is a huge pane. And then the next one is Arnold Schwarzenegger because we all know that Arnold Schwarzenegger has the biggest pane. Yeah, obviously. Yeah. Yeah, definitely. That's right. Well, I might have to go for that tier because that's that's more closer to my accurate size. Obviously. Yeah, yeah, well, it's $75 for that, you know. Oh, I can probably do that one, you know, a month, though. That's quite a lot, you know. You're asking quite a lot there. I mean, you get kissy faces and a name on my whiteboard, which I bend over a lot before. So, you know, it's it's definitely worth it. And bending over, that's quite exciting. That's something I can get behind, I think. OK. This has become already Jesus Christ. Welcome back to the road. Welcome back. Nothing's changed. Nothing's changed. The exact same. Your thought things have changed. No, not at all. No, there's more nudity, though. Really? Who's getting naked? It's not me. You never know. OK, I will get a couple of R-R-R-Ros in there. Hello, R-R-Ros and off you go. And for our American viewers, R-R-Ros is basically Kool-Aid. Kool-Aid? Hey, that's pretty cool. Kool-whip? Kool-whip? Whip? I love the word whip. It's such a weird word. Dude, I'm sipping on my R-R-R-Ros and it's lovely. Wow, R-R-R-R-R, I've got water.  Ha, ha, ha, ha. It's, uh, it's, it's nice. I, I can tell, I, well, yes, yeah.  Yeah, and then you got to adjust your, like, nick bit. Mm, yeah, I definitely know those fails because I definitely did not shave just this morning. Oh, yes, I have. Certainly not shaved for, uh, this morning. Yeah, obviously. Yeah. Yeah, yeah, good job, good job. Who the hell is Forrest Lord, dude?  You don't even have, like, five million pips because Forrest Lord is so many pips. Like, what the heck? Here's our place. It's kid, it's, it's worth it. Is it though? Is it really? Yes, yep. You also have to take into account not only the length of getting the pips, but also the length of the spell itself. That is like a whole century just waiting. Dude. Especially if there's, like, three or more people. I could finish my university degree before Forrest Lord finishes its cast animation. So true, so true.  My jellyfosh is, uh... Jellyfosh? Gotta get that fosh and chops with the jellyfosh. Jollyfosh, dude. Jolly, Jolly, Jollyfosh, man, Jollyfosh. Oh, did you go get some Jollyfosh? Oh, yeah, dude, oh, yeah. Have you heard about that Jollyfosh place? It does computer? Oh, yeah, really good. Really good Jollyfosh. Dude, it does kombucha on Jollyfosh. It's actually real tasty. Oh, I can get behind that Jollyfosh. Jollyfosh. Dude, you should totally try it. Oh, I will, definitely. That's just down the street on, like, the left, right? No, I did. Down the street, on the left. That's where you get your Jollyfosh. That's where I get my Jollyfosh. Oh, my God, wow. Jollyfosh.  Oh, I love that D. Gotta get that vitamin in D, and, you know, oh, yeah. Oh, yeah, I'm really good for you. Oh, yeah, dude, good to get all that vitamin D. And that's why you should subscribe to my Patreon.


In my last video, I talked about how one of the best ways to tell where syllable boundaries are is by taking advantage of the fact that syllables never span multiple words. In response, a lot of you brought up situations where syllables do appear to span multiple words, but all of your examples seem to me to be great demonstrations of the fact that what doesn't doesn't count as a word is really fuzzy. In fact, when you ask questions like where are their boundaries, and are they even a universal feature of all languages, the answers are even more complicated and contentious for words than they are for syllables. Now, if I'm going to be talking about what doesn't doesn't count as a word, I'm going to have to bring up the most famous example of people just completely getting it wrong. The myth that the Inuit have hundreds or thousands or whatever different words for snow. This idea brings up the really interesting fact that different languages do, in reality, have different numbers of words for different things, and that examining these differences might actually teach us about our different cultures. But that's not what I want to talk about today. Because the idea that the Eskimoalute languages have radically more words for snow than us is false. In reality, they actually have roughly as many words for snow as English-speaking professional skiers do, which is to say, like, 5-ish. More than most of us, but definitely not hundreds or thousands. So, how did this myth start? Well, it comes from a misunderstanding of how the grammar of these languages works. These languages have rules that allow you to easily combine smaller words into larger words and therefore tend to use a few big words instead of many smaller ones. These languages are called polysynthetic, and sometimes have individual words that can occupy the rules of entire sentences in English. I'll use Spanish as an example. Spanish isn't polysynthetic, not even close, but it does tend to contain more information per word than English, so I think it's a good place to start. Many of you might know that Spanish verbs take different forms depending on who's doing the thing. For instance, the Spanish word correr means to run, but aran is yo corro, yuran is tu corres, we ran is nosotlos coremos, and so on. We do this in English too, but not nearly as much. In the present tense, we only have two forms for the verb run. Runs, as in he runs for when there's a single third person doing the thing, and run for pretty much every other present tense situation. Now, in Spanish, because you can tell from the suffix a lot of the time exactly who's doing the thing, the subject pronoun is just dropped. Like yo corro is actually kind of redundant, because you can tell from the oh ending that it's me doing the running, so Spanish speakers will frequently just say corro. And if you can just incorporate the subject of a sentence into the verb, there's no reason you can't do the exact same thing for the object. For instance, Arabic has different forms of the verb to like depending on who's doing the liking, just like in Spanish. But in the same way, they have different forms of the verb depending on what's being liked. This way, in Arabic, you have single words that all in one encompass the subject, predicate, and object of a sentence. Now, most languages have rules that change the verbs around depending on the subject and or object of a sentence, but polysynthetic languages like the Eskimoalut languages take things a step further. They have rules for combining adjectives into the nouns they describe, and for combining adverbs into the verbs they describe, making them all one word. So if you want to talk about soft snow, you wouldn't take the word for snow and the word for soft and just put them next to each other, instead you would combine them into a single word, soft snow. But here we get into a pretty tricky problem. What exactly is the difference between soft snow and soft snow? I think it's obvious from what I've described that different languages have very different relationships with words, so how do we even know where words begin and end if different languages treat them so differently? An easy way out would be to just look at the writing and look at what the spaces are, but for one thing, not all languages are written down, and even some that are don't write the spaces between words, so unless all of these languages just don't have words, we're gonna need some other criteria. Another common definition I hear for words is that a word is the smallest unit of language that can be said on its own and people will have some idea of what you're talking about. This is often contrasted with the idea of a morpheme or the smallest unit of language that has meaning. For instance, the English word hats is composed of two smaller morphemes. The morpheme hat, which refers to these things, and the morpheme ss, which tells us that there's more than one of them. Now, if I say ss all on its own, you won't think to yourself, oh yes, this is the thing that indicates pluralness, not in the same way that I can say hats, and you'll think this is the noise that refers to these things. So hats is a word, and ss isn't. But this definition gets a bit problematic when you look at grammar words. Like, I can say the baseball, and you'll think of a baseball. But if I just say the, what is the thing that you think of? Maybe you think of some abstract concept of the-ness, but in that case there are a lot of non-word morphemes that I can say where you'll have a similar reaction. I can say anti, or pre, or ness, and there's a good chance I'll be able to communicate some vague idea of oppositeness, or beforeness, or ness-ness. This gets into the issue of what it even means for something to mean anything, which is a weird philosophical topic that is difficult to discuss and even harder to think about, and I don't really want to get into it all right now. So are there any other criteria we can use to establish wordiness? Well, there are two big ones. The first is that words tend to be able to move around relative to each other. So one of the reasons we know that the is a word, and not a prefix, is because I can say the red baseball, or the tenderly cared for baseball, and it works just as well, even though the word the is several leaps away from the word that's describing. With suffixes and prefixes, you can't do that. The second criteria is that within a word, different morphemes will often affect how others are pronounced, way more than just between words. You see this in English with the suffix that makes things plural. In the word hats, it's pronounced as an S-sound, but in the word chairs, it's pronounced more as a Z-sound. What makes the difference is that the morpheme hat ends in an unvoiced sound while the word chair ends in a voiced sound, and the suffix changes its voiceness to match the sound that comes before it. This fact that the suffix changes its pronunciation depending on its surroundings indicates that it's probably a suffix and not a word. This is also one of the big reasons we think that the Inuit terms for different types of snow are single words instead of nouns followed by adjectives. When you take a morpheme for snow and a morpheme that describes the snow and put them together, all kinds of stuff will happen at the border between the two. The sounds at the border will change to be more similar, or they might merge with each other, or they might just get dropped entirely. All of this happens according to some very complicated rules that I spent way too long reading about before I just gave up, so there's a link to a paper about in the description if you want to know more. Anyway, these three criteria are usually good enough for telling where words begin and end, but there are cases where it still gets really fuzzy. In particular, there is a notorious group of morphemes called clitics. The go-to example is the English s-suffix, not the one we talked about earlier that makes things plural, but the one that indicates possession. You know, like how Bob becomes Bob's in the phrase Bob's House, or Street becomes Streets in the Street's Name. The weird thing about this morpheme is that it's pronounced like an s after un-voiced sounds, and like a z after voiced sounds, just like the plural s-suffix. But I can say the cat's toy, just as easily as I can say the cat that lives in the garage's toy. In this way, it looks a lot like the word the, in that it's describing a word that's several words away. But it's still being pronounced as a z-z sound, because it comes right after the z sound in garage, not like an s like when it comes after the word cat, suggesting that it's just one morpheme inside the word garages. Things like these that are pronounced like they're not their own word, but move around as if they are are called clitics, and there are big reasons that what makes a word a word is still an ongoing debate today. Alright, so that makes two videos in a row titled What Even is a Blank. So might as well make it a trilogy. Next time, I'll be skipping up the ladder of linguistics a little bit, and be asking the question, What Even is a Language? See you then!


I'm Justin and I'm going to be going over AD and how you can own it using management software. And so we'll get started here. So introduction, it's going to pretty much, it's going to go over isolation and how you need to isolate AD from everything else and the management environment of AD and how it's handled. And so I'm specifically going to be looking at SCOM, HP ILO and Hyper-V and how they can be used to own AD essentially. And there's no vulnerabilities, we're just going to look at how it's abused if they're not managed right essentially and not configured properly. So the software used to manage the domain controllers is often overlooked and as you know it handles all the hashes which if you're after an environment you want to get all the hashes because once you get all the hashes you can own any box in the domain and so it's the crown jewels of the environments and recommendations usually look at IDSEG and so they only look at Active Directory and the OS level IDSEG and they don't look at everything that interacts with Active Directory. And so background I'm going to go over SCOM which is used for monitoring and of course if it's a high-valued asset you want to monitor it right and so you're going to use some sort of monitoring and in this instance we're going to look at SCOM. There's a SCOM security guide that is available on the internet, it's really long, nobody probably read it, they probably just hit next, next, next and there's also out of band management devices so which is network level network devices that allow out of band management so if the machine is off then you can restart it up, it's used for imaging, et cetera and so we're going to look at HP ILO in this instance and then Hyper-V as well so if you host which Hyper-V is a virtualization and so if you host AD on a Hyper-V host then you also need to look at the Hyper-V host and there's warnings online about it but it's often overlooked and everybody ignores the host and only looks at the OS level IDSEG. And so first we'll look at SCOM and it's used for monitoring and alerting of health and the SCOM SDK service is what it uses to interact with the agents and everything and it's opened up on 5723 and 5724 is what it uses and these are required, these need to be open if you want to access the SCOM management like if you actually want to look at the alerts and everything these have to be open and so often times organizations have these open in the firewall in order to look at alerts and everything out of the environment because they want to act upon them right and then in-map for instance won't scan for these so if you use in-map then you'll need to add these to the list and you'll see why in a minute and the SCOM agent as well which runs on every monitored machine it runs as local system and so it's great because it's admin access so if you'll see in a minute. So abusing the functionality of SCOM so SCOM has this beautiful feature called task and they let you run arbitrary db script on every monitored or every monitored machine and so obviously if you can own the SCOM app or the machine then you can run arbitrary script as local system on every managed machine and see and then you have to be a member of the SCOM administrators or authors role which is application level roles within SCOM and you're able to then run these obviously and so if you have a SCOM instance then you need to have another instance that only monitors AD and then one instance that monitors everything else so obviously they need to be isolated that's the whole goal here so here's an overview of the architecture which was on MSDN or one but anyway so it uses the SDK which then executes on the root management server and and then that runs the script on the agent managed machines and it usually runs as whatever the agent is running as and by default it runs as local system which I already mentioned and so they have an operations manager console as well and that uses the SDK as well but you can also use their libraries that they have as well and so here's just a screenshot of the installation and as you can see by default it runs as local system and there's many warnings out there on the internet that it can be very dangerous and it's bad but nobody reads them of course so we're going to abuse it so demo time hopefully this is showing here so we got a few demos okay not demo time the demo gods are not with me today all right there we go we have something now it's only on that screen so I got to look down and all right well okay cool all right so pretty much here's the SCOM operations manager so we're going to use it to auth using a low privileged account and that's in the SCOM administrators role because that's the way it was added and it's usually how it's added and so the SCOM console lists all monitored machines in this example one machines is a domain controller our new SCOM we're gonna what we're gonna execute is going to execute a reverse HTTPS show and the VB script is written out to hard disk and then executed in the SCOM task so as you can see there we're just running arbitrary PowerShell and then running the script that's gonna start our reverse shell so we'll copy that create a new SCOM task under the authoring and so next yeah we'll just call it interpreter and you can hide the name if you're you know gonna be sneaking and then we're gonna we want to run it on all Windows computers and so increase the timeout value to half an hour that way we have plenty to migrate and do another process and then so we create the task and so this SCOM SD so the actual user who's executing that has access into this is it only has access on the SCOM machine and it's so obviously it's not an admin on an AD so and then so we're gonna run the task so we ran them against each of the machines one's a domain controller and you see we got the shells back and so it runs as local system and so we're just gonna open a session on the domain controller we get the yeah we migrate yeah we're not migrating yet so yeah it runs as local system by default and then we're just gonna list the processes migrate into spooler because after half an hour it'll end because that's what we have our execution as it'll so you want to hurry up and migrate and then and migrate processes empty the hashes end of story there we go there you go there's the hashes and now we've owned that that domain and then you can also do it you can also write arbitrary exes you can also write a reverse shell in VB script as well which works there's and so in this instance we're just going to write an arbitrary exe so I'll skip ahead to well I also mentioned here so here's the SCOM administrators and as you see there's the SCOM SDK users that is that is admins in the SCOM app and not you know not in AD obviously and so so if you're an admin in the SCOM app then you're essentially you know an admin on the DC and so we just create another one here and it's pretty much the same thing I'll skip through it except it's writing out an arbitrary exe and then executing it and runs it and you can run this across however many machines there are so it'll it'll spin up an instance on every agent or in every agent so and then it just runs and empties the hashes out and one last example here that I had was the SCOM so or 5724 is used by the SCOM SDK and the operations manager uses 5723 and so if that's not open but 5724 is open then you can still use the SDK libraries that they have and and you can execute everything using that as well you just have to implement it on your own and so in this example we're going to import a new management pack whoops and it's just going to run arbitrary commands and this is just a little app that I wrote that uses the SDK really shitty app but it works and so it imports the management and then yeah you'll just see you kind of have a interactive you know you can execute whatever you want against it and so just another example so recommendations here let me switch this back okay I'll just move on so recommendations is that the SCOM servers used to monitor AD need to be isolated and not to allow SCOM SDK ports open so if they are they need to be closed off SCOM administrators and authors should be limited to only the admins obviously so you'll need another instance that only monitors AD move engineers and everybody else into the read-only or operator roles and that won't allow them to execute new agent and also to reduce the agent as well so it doesn't need to run as local system and there's a official security guide to that you can read my bad all right so for evasion so SCOM task all need to be audited obviously that way if there's any if there's any hidden task in there they need to be audited so it also has the execution logs in SCOM and by default it's one week and so but you can edit that so which is really good if you want to increase it or if you're the bad guy and you want to remove the execution logs you can also edit it and then it also logs every auth and the operations manager operations manager event log and so here's just a screenshot of the history and so you can obviously edit it to be zero days and then nobody will know what ran or you can edit it for one month and if you want audit all right so next we're going to go over out of band management devices and every machine usually has out of band management hardware used for monitoring and maintenance and so it's used for imaging for restarting if you run out of hard to space etc etc it's for emergencies essentially and so the admin interface is usually accessed over each or it's over SSL SSH or IPMI HTTPS as well and it's equivalent to actually having the actual box like in your office in your hands right so and many of them that will all except for HP have really shitty default passwords and so most of time organizations might not update those and so you can use that as access and there's also about a month ago rapid seven released some really nice remote route exploits that allow that allow admin access without off and so that's really useful now as well so and they're up they're often hard to update because you have to it's usually very manual and so organizations might not update and there's here's an example of HP ILO they have an overhead switch that is actually on the actual machine and if it's if it's enabled then it then then you don't have to off at all so it's you know it's awesome if you're after that machine so here's a list of common usernames and I was the only one that is actually updated all the rest of so one more demo of mouse isn't coming over give me one sec it's not cooperating so this is just this is HP ILO here and what's going to happen is we're going to mount an ISO and we're going to start into nopics and so and then do sticky keys and that's pretty much it so so you mount the ISO in the HP ILO integrated remote so oops let me skip back here all right so we met we mount the ISO here within the admin interface we start the machine up and rather than making you watch it start up I'll skip ahead here so it starts into nopics and we sticky key the box that way we can get access so we're just going to replace the set C.exe with CMD.exe and and that's just one way of many to easy way to get access if you actually have access to the box so we'll rename it CMD.exe except it doesn't and then override it restart the box so we unmount the ISO restart it back up restart it back up hit the shift key five times and there you go so obviously you guys know how it works do we hit the shift key five times and then we got a shell I have system sorry it's nothing new and then here you can just add another user or whatever you want right empty the hashes etc etc so we just add a user and then we get access to the box sticky keys off no it's all right we'll move on here run out of time okay so recommendations update the default password it should always be updated obviously have regular patching for the out of out of band devices monitor audit logs for unauthorized access to configure who factor off if if you're able to and you should also have a another management environment you know for all these out of band devices and there's an article online as well that you can read that helps with that and so next we'll go over hyper V and it's just virtualization software that hosts virtual machines administrator on the host is has admin rights on all the VMs that it hosts obviously so here's another example where you can also start into a live disk and steal the VHD file or either or I guess and so here's just how you mount an ISO and then once you're in it you can steal the NTDS and so and then you have all of active directory and you can extract the hashes offline essentially and so all will know that is the machine unexpectedly restarted obviously unless they look at the host audit logs but so recommendations the hyper V the hyper V host they need to be isolated with 80 exactly like everything else and the admins on it should only be admins so it's easy principle and also you need to protect the V protect the VHD files as well and so if so yeah only admin should have access to those and it should also be in a another management network available and there's another article and then lastly vulnerable vulnerability scanners as well organizations usually do off scanning and so those are and those usually have admin rights on every box and so if you're scanning your domain controller with a domain admin creds the nested box or the coolest box or whatever you're using should be treated as a domain controller I mean it's you know and so yeah you can obviously if you own one of those and you own 80 as well if there isn't isolation so conclusion is everything that interacts with 80 needs to be looked at so management stuff also has to be properly secured and so that's about it and here's my here's my information and I'll have everything up online next week


Join me on Instagram. Beautiful pictures for you guys and give you lots of good information so that you can prepare yourself well for a PA school.  It's Adana. I am back with another video for you guys. Another weekly update you guys. It is week 13 of PA school. Technically it's week 14. It's officially my first week of the fall semester, but we had a break last week. So it's week 13 of PA school because I'm only counting the weeks that I'm actually doing coursework. So guys, for those of you who were with me last week and you saw my white coat, Sarah Bowie, had an amazing time. If you haven't already seen it, go ahead and check that video out. I will leave a link for it in the description box below, but I had a great time. I did a little bit of this. Took some pictures. My family came down. Took pictures with friends and just had a blast. I got a spiffy new white coat and I got to put it into action this week, you guys. So what happens is at my particular program that I love so much, we are able, we're partnered with like a free clinic and we're able to go into the free clinic from actually the first semester and see patients every Friday. In the first semester it was maybe twice a month or once a month, something like that because we had a lot of groups, but we were able to go in and see patients with our professors, our preceptors, PAs. And we got to see them go through and talk to patients and figure out the chief complaint and diagnose the patients or figure out a new diagnosis that may have popped up, send the patients for consultations. So it was a really like invaluable experience. But this semester, this fall semester, now that we have our new white coats, we are able to actually go in by ourselves, well, technically by ourselves, with another student, with another PAs one. So a first year PAs student and see patients guys by ourselves. Like we just learned about like physical examinations and things like that. And I was there seeing a patient on Friday doing a physical examination on my patient because they were complaining of like left sided air pain like sinus pressure and needed like a refill on medications and things like that. And it was cool because I was like a PA. I was a PA you guys. I was there like seeing patients. It's an invaluable experience because I know that as the months go by this semester and then next semester because we'll also get to do it next semester. And as my knowledge just kind of increases, I'm going to be so prepared for clinicals when it comes to my second year. So I'm really appreciative of my program for allowing us to do this and the free clinic for allowing us to partner with them. And I'm just excited that I'm able to just experience this and learn from it. I was, I did an air exam on her because she was complaining of her air. And so I looked in her air. It was a pretty normal air, a little bit of air thema redness. You know, see me using my medical terminology. But other than that, it wasn't anything like serious. We also did look at some of like, you know, listen to her lungs, listen to her heart just kind of did an HENT exam in a sense on her, just make sure that there was nothing else bothering her. But it was a little bit more focused because she came in for her like headache sinus pressured stuff. And then we, we almost got to do an IND you guys. Oh my gosh, I was so excited. I was ready. I was like, oh my gosh, what do you want me to do? Do you want me to pass the scalpel? I'm ready for you. But it wasn't ready for me. The abscess was not large enough. So we could not IND because we didn't know if it would have anything purulent coming out or anything of that nature. Because it was a little smaller than usual. Like then the actual like what you would do, what you would need it to be for you to actually IND it. But I was ready. I was ready for Dr. Pimple, Dr. Pimple Pepper. I was ready for you. Say that like three times fast. Dr. Pimple Popper, Dr. Pimple Popper, Dr. Pimple Popper. There we go. I was ready for you. I was ready to give you a run for your money, but still need a little bit more practice, I guess.  Started fall semester. Of course, we got things that we need to study and we have homework like soap notes and, you know, different types of notes that we have to write. But the highlight of it was definitely going to the free clinic and seeing patients and being a PA as a PAS. Like I was really excited. So I'm glad that I'm able to share this with you guys. Definitely go ahead and subscribe if you haven't already done so and go check out my Instagram because I am on Instagram now and I post pictures and videos sometimes of the things that I'm doing. So be able to see me while I'm doing that like in the moment as well you guys throughout the week. Thank you guys so much for watching. Really appreciate you guys. Talk to you later.