Tom here from Lorne Systems, and this is my spare parts FreeNAS build that we kind of put together to kind of demonstrate setting up free NAS with spare parts and less than ideal But still be able to get some performance out of it and just kind of show the setup process If you want to learn more about me and my company head over to LorneSystems.com If you like to hire a short project There's a hires button up at the top if you want to support this channel in other ways from affiliate links down below to Get you deals and discounts on products and services we talk about on this channel And I've been talking a lot about free NAS and this is just like I said spare parts I will start with what these drives are in front of me by showing you the login to the free NAS here We've got nothing built But let's talk about some of the parts So I have a couple of drives here like this one and that's in this pile here of Three and a half inch hard drives is this Toshiba desktop 7200 rpm drive. That's 500 gigs So nothing real in performance here. Let's see. What do we have at 88 zero? That's a seagate constellation. That's some of the two and a half inch drives. Let's look at Three another seagate constellation and I hodgepodge these together. What's that nine? Oh, we got a seagate barracuda So mostly seagates, but there is at least one Toshiba on the mix here. Let's try this one six and yep another Seagate one terabyte Constellation in here. So kind of got a mix of some of the different parts in here as far as hard drives So we got some three and a half inch hard drives here And all the two and a half inch hard drives are over here The seagate constellations are on the bottom This fan is because these little seagate constellation drives which have plenty of hours on them from a old server That was decommissioned But they won't cool themselves very well. They kind of expect to have the tray cooling them So when we printed a little 3d holder for all the drives, it turns out not to work very well in terms of cooling So we got a fan sitting here But what I'm gonna demonstrate here is we have five one gig drives and five five hundred drives And yes, you can put mismatched drives together for Freenance and I've done a video before showing how yes You can expand your Freenance volume with another vdev of different size drives And we're gonna do this from the beginning But yes, this is something you do and I have another video about that now This is not the same as expanding a single vdev But vdevs are what make up a pool inside of Freenance. I'll link to a bigger explainer I have on all the details and diving into that, but let's start with this here We're gonna go and we have eight gigs of RAM. We do have Let me move it slightly out of the way if you can really see we get the overhead here This is a Melanox 10 gig single DAC connector So this will have 10 gig speed and that is you know adequate for what we're doing here 8 gigs RAM is adequate for we're doing here and let's take a look at the system itself. This is a For the dashboard We've already got Freenance loaded. This is a Intel Core i7 4770k So it's an i7 which is nice is liquid cooled as you can see by the little rigging we have over here But it's nothing. It's an older board. It's probably five or six years old. It is a Republican gamer board But it's not ideal. So so speak for Freenance. This is all the parts we had laying around now Let's run through just what the Freenance installer looks like. That's what I have set up here. So refresh this And I'm not gonna go through the install process completely because it's kind of boring But at least I'll show you for those wondering what it looks like now Freenance does have the ability when you run the installer, which is downloaded put it to a boot drive And then you want to install somewhere We're not installing Freenance on any of the data drives now This is once again not ideal, but based on a spare parts build. We put this on a little SanDisk cruiser USB You can install Freenance to USB if you're in a pinch it will work It doesn't have to be much in terms of the boot drive because not a lot's going on and if you have a pair of USBs You could even choose rating them together and then we hit okay Would you like to proceed with the installation? Installing flash media is preferred installing on hard drive. It does have that option and I say in a pinch you can do the Freenance onto a USB Freenance does, you know completely support that but USB one sometimes we found those not to be a hundred percent reliable. They work overall pretty good We've got some installed for years that have never had a problem And the reason for that is once you get this set up you take your syslog and you don't point it at the USB You point your syslog or any type of logging Over here because once it reads from the USB it doesn't write back to it unless you're making changes Which aren't very often all the data sets handle all the rest of it. I think you set your Freenance password boot via BIOS or boot via UEFI kind of depends on the motherboard you're using but in this case we actually set it up to boot via BIOS It's going to run and do the setup it's going to copy the files and reboot so not much to this to getting Freenance set up At least I just want to show it in this little VM here so we can get you an idea And I'm actually going to go ahead and force shut down this so I don't need this running And we're going to cover a couple quick topics right here. I'll leave a link to this. This is a good read up on here So ZFS Allocates writes according to free space per VDev not latency per VDev Why am I bringing it up? We're going to be creating a VDev with the 500 gig drives And we're going to create creating a VDev with the one terabyte drives And then we're going to merge both of these into one single pool. Well, actually you create the pool You just set the VDevs. We'll get into the actual creation process just in a second so This right up is to break down the fact that some people have Commented this and I think these comments are still on my video from a while ago of how to expand a pool with adding VDevs that are different sizes and there's this myth that it allocates writes based on Latency and that's not true and what happens when you have in balance VDevs because we're going to be creating some of these on the 500 gig drives and some of these on the one terabyte drives Well, you've got double the space that means for every file written It's going to put let's say call them blocks per se a couple blocks over here and one block over here And this is how it's going to balance it so it doesn't wait and right here fill this up and then flow over to here or fill this one up And flow over to here. It distributes them evenly based on their size. So it kind of creates a calculation going. Well, this is only 500 gigs so it has half the Capacity of the one terabyte ones and will balance them by putting for every two writes it does over on the One terabyte series it puts half of that over on here So this article actually breaks it down. This person has a lot of good demos and testing and of course someone always asks What if I already had data and then I expanded it the as a whole how the drive system rebalances? It's a fun read and something definitely worth looking into and I'll leave those links down below and in a forum post We're always to be done. So now that we've kind of got the concept of what we're doing Let's actually do it and show it working. So we're going to go over here to pools And we're going to add now this only had 10 SATA ports So it only gives me the potential for 10 drives and people always ask what about a caching drive? What about a Zill or a log drive on there? Well, those are more for performance systems with specific U-Case is let's say you're having NFS rights, and you really want a zill drive on there to help buffer all that That can help but you have to remember when you have 10 drives in a pool You actually have a lot of this buffering going on where it's going to distribute the rates across here And of course distribute the reads what I mean by that is you're going to get a pretty reasonable on a performance Even though we don't have a cash drive So I'm more likely in this particular scenario with these are all 7200 rpm drives to get a better performance out of these Then if I would have sacrificed one of these drives Sacrifice some of the storage for that Zill log on there, but that's I don't want to get too deep and technical on there Also, if you are using something like a zill you really should be using it as an MVME because If it's not performance and it doesn't have a really fast ability to Read and write the data. It's not going to help these either same thing goes for a cash drive Cash drives will do caching for frequently access files. There are U-Case use cases specific for that But once again, if you have the ability to put more RAM in there That is faster because your first cash hits are going to come from RAM And then it will start looking at the your level 2 cash which could be a hard drive But if you can put more RAM and obviously that would be much better because the more memory you can have the more it can Cash those files also the other myth that you have to have a massive amount of memory to get any real performance out of FreeNAS it will perform better with memory because yes, you'll be able to cash things in memory But it's not imperative that you have memory. You can still create this drive setup We're doing here without that much RAM. So we do have 8 gigs of RAM in here. And that's purposely I actually have a More RAM I could have put in but we're going to show the performance in a set up of our spare parts build with only 8 gigs of RAM Now if you try to do things like run VMs and things like that in here, which were not for this demo Obviously that would definitely affect your amount of RAM you need. So let's go back to creating a pool And uh, let's see. We'll suggest a layout. There we go It grabbed all these and said let's put all these into the first data vdev And we're just going to do them at a raid z1 which means we can lose one drive raid z2 means you can loot up to two drives for parity So kind of depends on what's your risk factor on doing it raid z2 less risk At the sacrifice of losing a little more space, but raid z2 You know, I I feel as though I can just rebuild the drive in here and it shouldn't be too big of a deal So we'll go raid z1, which means if I lose two drives, it's done Also, if I lose two drives out of here and two drives out of here It's completely done. It doesn't matter which side you lose them on it needs both vdevs to be there So if I lose two drives on this vdev, it's not like the date over here safe The data is written across all vdevs. So that that is definitely a factor when you're doing it. So Now if I try to add these to this vdev, that's not going to work That's going to go. Nope. It will say these are mismatched drives So we're going to go ahead and click down here and say add data And what that does is now I can select these drives And that's how we build The second vdev. So this is the first vdev here and the second vdev here. So we have an estimated capacity 3.63 terabytes and 1.36 terabytes down here. So obviously this one, like I said, is going to be a lot bigger So once we've done that, we got to give it a name We'll call it Orion. I do like doing encryption on these That's because if ever you have a drive, you have to send back, you know, because the drive quits reading Obviously, there's some worry that maybe some data might be on there if you have it encrypted that worry just goes away The downside of if you set this up with encryption in a password and you have lost Set encryption and password or you don't back up the encryption key that's going to get written to the drive over here The uh boot drive of the free dance itself, then you also have lost all your data So please it reminds you throughout uh to back that up But it's just something really important. We'll switch this one down here to say raid z So now they match And you because you can set it right here, but they do have each vdev has to match and we'll hit create create pool This is where it's going to warn you download the encryption key. Please back this up This is the key file you need In what this means is if the boot drive the little sand disk usb that I have plugged in the back of this motherboard Were to ever fail then you definitely need to Uh have that key with your restore. So that's just what that's doing right there It's I think that they've put more emphasis on this with older versions of free nasa I just have to say it now anytime you build an encrypted pool. It definitely Prompt you for it. So now we have this all created, but how fast is it? How well does it work? Well, let's go ahead and cover that real quick So we're going to go over here And uh, let's create a share on it Now as far as this setup, even though I didn't walk the install The only thing different from this install from like the absolute out of the box So go over here to system general And I checked the little box right here because actually by default it doesn't have htbs turned on and if we go over the services I do turn on ssh So ssh is turned on right now Those are the only out of the box configs from default that this is configured on So let's go back over here and create a share so sharing actually first Getting ahead of myself here Create a data set. I could just share the raw data set itself. We actually want to create one Demo share There we go comments. We don't really need any Let's call it demo Save Now we've got the demo share created We're going to go over here to sharing Windows share add There's the demo share allow guest access advanced And we're going to say Only allow guest access now what that's doing and I've got another video where I break down ACLs and permissions You are going to When you say only guests you're allowing guests and say don't need a password I can just log into the system open share And we're actually going to change here to open And like I said, I have another video on how to get more fine grained on ACL permissions and groups But for the purposes of this, I just wanted to have a wide open share And then you set the ACL to open. We're going to go down here and hit save And now we have this demo share and now from this point, we're going to jump over To my desktop and start copying files to it to kind of see what kind of performance we get on it But for the most part free nas as long as you have a reasonably modern system it runs pretty well on here It will Boot off of most any system. The only thing before we leave this little setup here and go to my office I wanted to comment on is I have the monitor up here because Because it created all of these the bios tries to outsmart me each time and it sees partition changes on these So the next time I reboot it's going to mix up the order of the drives Uh, I've we've actually noticed this on a couple of the motherboards Once you've written it, it's fine But then you have to go change the boot order again to be the boot order you want The good news is there's no danger after you build these drives It'll tell you hey, this is a free nas data drive. You cannot boot off it That's all you lend up with on the screen and I've seen people kind of panic on that Simple work around like I said you go back in the bios and we've Observe this on several consumer motherboards where it just kind of goes. Hey you wrote partitions We think that means you must have loaded an operating system and want to change the boot order again You could probably get around that with turning uefi on and installing it in a uefi Or maybe if we weren't using usb it would do it But I've seen them do it even when I'm installing it to a hard drive It sees the partition changes. So I'll just leave that as a note But now we're going to my office and let's see how fast this is when we dump some data to it All right, so I'm sitting back at my desk and let's take a look at the shares here So mount to ryan demo shares the path demo shares the name Pretty simple. We're going to go here And you go to and press ctrl l if you're using linux windows, you know backslash backslash the ip address And when linux, it's smb colon slash slash and we're using an ip address Not the full like name of the system, but that is a possibility as well 192 1683 dot 209 slash demo share and we have this folder now before we jump all the way over there I mentioned that this was connected to 10 gigs. So let's ssh into that server We're just going to do a quick test And this will help you oops. I meant stash s This will help you a lot because the first thing you want to know is can your system talk to the free nas system in this case At full 10 gigs because if it can't well, then your files troubleshooting woes Don't begin there. I've had people say well, I'm not getting the file transfer speeds They want let's first look if you can connect to that system at full speed Then you can start whittling down where the problem is So this system fully connected at 9.4. Okay 10 gigs. So that's what we want. We are seeing definitely good connection there I'm going to exit out and I'll do this and while we're waiting We'll type z pool iostat rion Dash v1 that should work All right, and this will show the rights going on to the drive when we copy some files over Go here and I grabbed a couple folders and we'll just Copy them some backup folders in my system and paste them over Let's see what kind of performance we get out of there Now it's going to start out sometimes so it's like a really high number and as you know when file transfers It takes a second to either ramp up or slow down to the speed that it actually transfers at Not bad at about 300 megs a second right now So that's actually pretty reasonable 299 megabytes a second Going back up 290. Oh 297. We'll let this run for a second and look at what's going on in the background over here But you can see it committing all the rights To this and slowly as it's going You're going to watch the um allocation here There we go Move it dash v over there so you can see it actually reading and writing to each of the pools And as I'd said it's going to start distributing this data across these pools and across the rights something to note here If you have slower drives in one of the vdev So one vdev has faster drives than the other It doesn't mean you're going to aggregate get better performance overall You'll actually slow it down It does have to wait for these some of these rights to commit to the other drives So if you do have a couple slow drives in your pool Especially because we use such a mismatch of not even the same brand drives It can't operate really More than the slowest drive in your pool. I mean there's still some factors It may still be a little bit faster, but it may pause when it gets to that particular drive So something to consider when you are adding these when it comes to performance But generally when you're building a bunch of hodgepodge mismatch stuff together It's not to build a performance system is building on what you have or in many cases sometimes Just a backup system and we've built backup pre-nast assistance for clients or you know You take an older server like hey this server has some of these drives and some of these drives We just need a big storage repository for all of your backup stuff and that can go over here And it's usually like the you know the last generations of servers They can be repurposed for that and then your new generation servers run all of your primary But it's nice to have any own extra onsite backup with hardware that will still perform pretty well And despite this being a little bit older of a system Let's see what kind of transfers is getting now that it's run for a while We're up to actually 317 megs a second And I grabbed this because there's a big wide variety of files mixed in here So 15,000 files in here some are small some are big If you did something and we could probably cancel this real quick and started doing it as This is an x in front of it if we just did isos which is going to be how big is this About 25 gigs with the isos and we drop them over here They'll probably transfer faster because it's just large files being transferred not a bunch of small Files where it has to be as much activity on the smb. So let's see what this transfers at That's still only about 300 and looks like some of the other ones were hitting a 320 mark so it gives you a good idea though that well 300 megabytes a second out of a handful of Old hard drives in here Is still pretty reasonable now If we want to do the z2 I figured we'll do one more setup and do it z2 It just run run through the same setup and see how much z2 hurts us in performance We know it's going to lose a little bit of space, but then we do gain that actually redundancy So if we're getting 300 mega second on a z1 with these pairs, let's just tear them down and rebuild them in a z2 format So go ahead and cancel this Control c we'll just do that and let's go ahead and kill these drives off real quick so the pools Export disconnect destroy the data by the way if you do not destroy the data um, you will have probably you'll have to re-import them or um Blank the drives because what happens is if you don't destroy the data on a pool It's expecting you to bring them back in and finance will give some warnings that you didn't erase these drives And it's to protect you from accidentally overriding them That it it's just one of those things that you want to destroy them if you plan on Exporting them and destroying them out to be reused in a pool again like we're going to do But if you wanted just to not destroy them so you could just export the pool you could do that But we actually want to fully destroy these because we're going to re Re-pull them back in also smb demo share It does recognize there's a share in there and it'll say hey you want to get rid of this too And restart service no problem Re-configuring data set to none and then we'll go ahead and restart the process Okay, all the data on the pool is destroyed So I can create a new pool do the same setup again Call this one Orion z2 consistent naming here Add another data So z2 there z2 there all right and uh keep the encryption Understand confirm Create Create pool download encryption key done Pool Add data set demo z2 z2 share cool Save Sharing samba demo share Advance same thing. We're just going to allow guests to access Only allow guests save configure Open etls Save and confirm that I have read write access over here I definitely can read write data to it and let's see what kind of transfers we get now We'll do the same thing. We'll grab both of these and give it a few minutes to ramp up and write some data Let's see if the z2 has much of a performance hit So I'll let this run for a while and even with z2 We're still seeing over 300 megabytes a second in transfer that being said What does the cache look like and what does the performance of the system look like well I predict pretty safely here that we've used all of the memory towards cache So free memory 0.2 gigs not much zfs cache allocated 6.8 gigs Services running on the system only account for one gig Like I said, free NAS does not need a massive amount of remedy memory to get high performance out of a system in terms of Not super high performance obviously, but a reasonably fast system right here being able to transfer it that With the 10 gig card So over that breaks the myth of the memory and even having mismatched drives in here that are of a random Assortments, not even the same brands all of them. There's a handful that are the same but not all of them are the same mismatched sizes of course to go with that and Yeah, we're still able to transfer at a pretty reasonable rate on this particular system So that's the thing we'll do is go over to the reporting We can see how much cpu is being used which there's definitely some it's you know hitting probably some limitations with smb going Okay, I'm going to pin out this bit of getter process. We can go over the reporting and also look at like the zfs We can see the arc size hit ratio So it is you know pulling some data and Definitely lining it up when i'm pulling it back from there Some things are getting loaded and around to make it a little faster And uh, then we can look at the disc as well. So we look at the disc And let's actually select all the devices and metric wise i o Latency It went out. Let's just select all you can see the temperature. Well, they did get warmer I'll scroll down here i o activity Which you're seeing it very evenly spread across all the drives So now we get to disc i o itself Which by the way, this is the da zero is the little usb drive That's the boot pool. These are the all the data drives on there You can see there's very little at all that gets written there all the activity happens on all of those drives here So you can see the disc busy once again kind of lines up much the same Scroll down here now We have the latency to look at and you can see the different latency now This is going to change a little bit from the drives because some of the latency Is going to be very based on the ability of these drives to handle some things whether waiting for another drive or not So there's probably a little bit of variation in this It's kind of interesting to see you know all the data going across So that's it for this freelance build Like I said, you can get an idea now that yes, it'll work and hopefully this broke a couple of the mist Yes, you can have mismatched d devs and yes, you can have only eight gigs ram, but still have a system On it's probably done transferring. Yeah, it's done transferring But you know was able to transfer at a pretty reasonable speed there at between three and 400 megs Kind of bounce around depending on the type of file transfers on there Not the highest performing stream is still not bad for a bunch of spare parts. Thanks And thank you for making it to the end of the video If you like this video, please give it a thumbs up If you'd like to see more content from the channel Hit the subscribe button and hit the bell icon if you like youtube to notify you when new videos come out If you'd like to hire us head over to laurance systems.com fill out our contact page And let us know what we can help you with and what projects you'd like us to work together on If you want to carry on the discussion head over to forums.laurancesystems.com Or we can carry on the discussion about this video other videos or other tech topics in general Even suggestions for new videos. They're accepted right there on our forums, which are free Also, if you like to help the channel out in other ways head over to our affiliate page We have a lot of great tech offers for you. And once again, thanks for watching and see you next time


There are so many legal issues in this campaign and I want to ask you about one involving the president's son, Hunter Biden, who's going to appear in court this week to plead guilty to two misdemeanor tax charges and will enter into an agreement that could avert conviction on a gun-related charge. The deal has infuriated many congressional Republicans who are holding their own hearings. And I wonder after this plea happens if you would advise your party to move on. No, I wouldn't Margaret and here's why. Welcome back viewer. So over the past week and even over the weekend, some huge bombshells about the Biden family corruption have dropped. And of course, the Democrat Party's state media is completely uninterested. Which is rule number three. The only legitimate scandal is one that involves the Democrat Party's political opponents. It doesn't matter if you have a dozen whistleblowers, many of which who are Democrats, all confirming the same story, that the Bidens are getting special treatment. They'll still dismiss it as a conspiracy theory and insist the critics move on. Well over the weekend, CBS News fake reporter Margaret Brennan carried out her part of the Democrat Party playbook while interviewing 2024 candidate Chris Christie. And we'll get right into this insane interview right after this quick message from our sponsor, Noble Gold. The U.S. dollar has lost 85% of its value since the 70s when the dollar decoupled from gold. And the government seems bent on continuing the tradition. From now until the next elections, the government can print as much money as it wants. The last time they did that, inflation went up 9%. Gold is the one asset that has proven to withstand inflation. When you invest in gold with Noble Gold Investments, you will also get a 24 carat, one quarter ounce gold standard coin for free. Go to noblegoldinvestments.com right now. That's noblegoldinvestments.com, the only gold company I trust. And remember, there's always risk in investment and there are no guarantees of any kind. There are so many legal issues in this campaign and I want to ask you about one involving the president's son, Hunter Biden, who's going to appear in court this week to plead guilty to two misdemeanor tax charges and will enter into an agreement that could avert conviction on a gun related charge. The deal has infuriated many congressional Republicans who are holding their own hearings. And I wonder after this plea happens, if you would advise your party to move on. No, I wouldn't, Margaret, and here's why. The conduct here by the U.S. Attorney in Delaware and by the Justice Department just can't be justified. It doesn't take five years, Margaret. As you mentioned, I was the U.S. Attorney in the fifth largest office in the country for seven years during the Bush administration. It does not take five years to investigate two misdemeanor tax counts and to dismiss a gun charge. And we need to know what they were investigating and why these are the charges they concluded to. This is not just any person. This is the son of the president of the United States. And while justice needs to be equal, it needs to be equal. And it doesn't appear to me that this is the way to do it. And I would say one thing on the gun charge. I mean, this is a case where Democrats yell and scream for more new gun laws in the country. Yet you hear no Democrat yelling about the fact that Hunter Biden intentionally lied on his gun permit application, mishandled the gun after he received it with a false permit application and faces absolutely no penalty. Guess what? The guy who sponsored that law was his father, Senator Joe Biden. And that charge carries a 10-year sentence, Margaret. We need to explain, they need to explain to the public why that was done. So no, I don't think it's time to move on. And you know that the U.S. attorney in Delaware was appointed by former President Trump. I don't care. As if you needed any more proof that our free press is largely just a tool of the Democrat-controlled state. I'll just add that Trump has always been notoriously bad at picking allies that ended up being his opponents. So the fact that this judge is a Trump appointee means nothing, especially since a big part of the government and media offensive against Trump and the people around him is to scare his supporters and government from expressing that support. Lastly, when do you ever hear anyone in the media taking issue with Biden or Democrat-appointed judges that make decisions against Republicans? It just doesn't happen. Like the pro-Biden judge whose daughter worked for Biden being the judge overseeing Trump's New York indictments. It's just another one of those double standards that's right out in the open in our faces. On issues. Incompetent, Margaret. It doesn't matter whether you're appointed by a Republican or a Democrat. If your work appears to be incompetent and inexplicable, you need to explain it so we can have confidence in our justice system. And I don't care whether Mr. Weiss is a Republican or a Democrat. He owes the American people an explanation. The media will continue to ignore this story as much as possible and demonize anyone who pushes the issue. That's why we can't back down. I'm not a Chris Christie fan by any means, but that response was pretty solid. This segment was sponsored by Jeep. Don't spend your money on companies that fund state media deception. Alright folks, that's all for that one. If you found it informative, please hit that like button, share it, subscribe, and make sure to leave a comment to continue the discussion. Thanks a lot. I'll see you all in the next one.


After 30 years of naval service, Fleet Forces Master Chief Scott Benning retired from the Navy in a ceremony held at the Navy Memorial in Washington, D.C., March 8th. Benning has been a key influence on leadership within the Navy, starting programs such as Coalition of Sailors Against Destructive Decisions that continue to grow and positively influence sailors. It's always tough to bid farewell to a friend and a shipmate, especially one who has had such an impact on our Navy and the men and women that serve. It's hard for me personally, though, because you and I have spent the past three-plus years together working side-by-side on many issues across Navy and DOD. We didn't always agree, you know, all that meant to that, but we always worked to resolution, which I think is very important. So I thank you for that, shipmate. It's a humbling day because for me it's a day of appreciation and appreciation for many people that helped me reach this pinnacle in my career, the ending of my naval career or start of future opportunities. And so as I look back over 30 years and I think about the number of people, family first, who have always been there for me, supported me and guided me, mentored me and helped me get to where I am today, a loving wife that's been with me since day one, two amazing young men in my family, and then all the mentors and shipmates across the Navy that have really been a part of shaping who I am today. And so this today is really an opportunity for me to say thank you. Everybody wants to make it my day, but at the end of the day it's everybody else's day because it's everybody who contributed to me to get me to where I am. We are here to say, shipmate, the watch stands relieved. Relieved by those you have trained, guided and led. For Defense Media Activity, I'm Petty Officer Christopher Hall.


So we're a few minutes away from Frankie's Syringe Meet and this might actually be the last day in the first facility we've ever been in. I know I've been telling you guys for like months and months and months, you know, we're expanding, we're getting into our new facility. But, you know, delay after delay after delay, you know, we finally signed the lease, we're getting refrigeration built and it's just crazy thing after crazy thing. This guy that was supposed to do our refrigeration had like $20,000 of our money for like months and months and months. And literally the day before we finally get in the space, the guy that's supposed to install the refrigeration in the freezer has a heart attack. Like, I can't make this stuff up, guys. I really can't make this stuff up. But, you know, with all the like crazy stuff that's happened to me and my business partner, we're just like, yeah, whatever, it was expected to happen. You know, it was expected that, you know, the one guy we chose to do our refrigeration has a heart attack. But things should be still, you know, moving along, moving full steam ahead. I'm just beyond exhausted.  I'm looking at these, you know, these new Wi-Fi antennas on all these apartments. I know we're going to be locked up for another year, year and a half, everyone just accepting what's going on. It's getting more and more and more discouraging how, you know, we're kind of screwed in a sense. But I kind of just have to put all that stuff aside and focus on things myself and try to help as many people as possible. You know, it's not really the Toyota Corolla stuff as much as it is. How much YouTube is like kind of preventing my videos from getting views.   It's incredibly discouraging to, you know, kill yourself working two, three, four hours a day to make videos every day for two, three years now. And this is how they treat me. Not only that, I'm spending, you know, my own money on advertising.  It's just incredibly discouraging. I mean, even just going in, you guys can see why, you know, we're getting a new facility. We literally have, you know, our styrofoam and our packing boxes stored outside. And just inside, you know, the storage is, we're trying to utilize like every storage, basically, boxes everywhere. So today is actually the day after Memorial Day, which is significant to us because UPS FedEx post office was all closed yesterday. So we got to ship all of our orders, or at least most of them today. Because normally we try to prioritize getting everything out on Monday because, you know, despite paying like a ton of money for shipping, like two-day or three-day express on a Monday, sometimes the packages still get held over the weekend. And then we just lose a lot of money. So we're going to try to get just about everything out today and keep you guys posted throughout the day. But hopefully this is the last vlog in this EMF hellhole of a facility. Is the lead bank coming soon? Did we order the samples? Uh, that I'm still trying to figure out. One product I was trying to get you guys for a long time was really high quality grass and marabones that are affordable. So let me know how you guys like our products. We have the, you know, the pipe cut marabones. And we also have the canoe cut marabones that are, you know, a bit easier to work with depending on the preparation. So if you guys haven't tried our bone marrow, grass fed is definitely one of the best things you could ever try. So go to a local farm, try ours. So it's about 11.30 now. Me and Mike have just been filling some orders. And I wanted to show you guys the Pemkin because on Memorial Day, Adam and Mike were down here all day processing stuff, making Pemkin. I was actually at my parents house packing orders myself. So it's not that I wasn't working. I just wasn't down here working. So we made 120 orders of Pemkin. And if you guys haven't seen our new bars, you know, they're about half a pound each. And this is literally your calories for the day. Like it's the perfect survival food. It's not perishable. I know we packed it in an awful lot of plastic, but, you know, this stuff melts very easily. So I know a lot of you guys were asking about the Pemkin. It is back in stock now. You guys can get it. Honestly, it'll probably be sold out in like a day or two. So, you know, people tend to buy like 10, 20, 30 of them at a time. But if the Pemkin is a little too expensive for you guys because it's made from beef, we are going to get some other like type of protein materials that we should have available for you guys within a week or two. So definitely keep an eye out. I will make a video on that. So if you guys want to hold off on buying the Pemkin for, you know, a couple of days, two weeks, then we should have some other stuff for you guys, too, that might be a little more affordable. It has a long finish. As you keep eating it, flavors keep developing. That's a sign of a high quality. You guys hear that? Our cheese has a long finish. Just like my Sunday. As many of you know, we sell raw cheese on Frankie Syrian's meat. This one cheese importer that we've never bought in cheese from keeps trying to like reach out to us and sell us this like cheese, like for way too much money.  But like I keep talking to this girl because it's like cheese French and has this like really hot accent. So she'll go like, what did I say she said to me?  Oh my God. Hey, I got a bunch of rotten cheese. Okay, yes, send it over the list. As long as she said it with a French accent. We're down. The main thing I'm looking forward to immediately for you guys in the upcoming month or two is expanding our beef inventory. So not only are we going to be carrying several more cuts of beef like canker steaks and possibly some other stuff. We're going to be selling like whole brisket, ribs, chuck rolls, bellies. We're going to be selling much larger portions and cuts that we weren't previously offering. So that's going to be the main goal of like the next month or two is is just to really expand our beef inventory, our selection, be a little more ala carte.   So we're going to try to add a couple more products, a little more variety, mainly for the beef right now. And as we move into this new space and we see how things go towards the end of this year, you know, right now the focus is really let's keep this going for a few months and we're going to try to get on a farm property by the end of this year. So as soon as we get on that farm property, that's where the eggs, the dairy and a bunch of other things are going to happen. And we can shift more towards, you know, 100% local products and maybe not. It's up in the air. You know, right now we sell a lot of local beef and we sell other things that are more affordable. And we're really just trying to provide people with, you know, high quality animal foods that are reasonably affordable. You know, we're not all about local beef. We're not all about this. We're not all about that. We just want people to be happy and healthy. So, you know, regardless of where we get the beef from, you know, if New Zealand Wagyu is the best tasting steak in the world, I'm going to sell it. If Ibarico pork from Spain is the highest quality best tasting pork in the world, I'm not going to buy some, like, American corn and soy fed nonsense and try to sell it to you guys because it's local. That's not what I'm going to do. And there's been a lot of, like, disinfo and people trying to discredit. And there's a lot of misleading marketing out there.  So we do really appreciate that, but we are providing a product that no one else has. We're looking at properties in New York that are around 100 to 200 acres. Now, I'll keep you guys posted on that, but it looks like it's really going to happen.  So it's a little bit after one o'clock. We're just wrapping up, finishing the orders. I just wanted to show you guys, you know, the Wagyu Short Ribs again. I think we're actually sold out. I'm just like super excited and happy that, you know, we're offering such high quality animal products for you guys. Literally no one else online is selling stuff this quality level at this price. You know, for any of you guys wondering, I do pack a lot of the orders.  This is actually the raw cod liver oil. I'll show you guys this. This is something I'm really proud of too. Yo, where's the cod liver oil in the fridge? Or which freezer is it? This is the raw cod liver oil. I know I showed you guys this. This is it, right? This is sold out after this, right? We have seven jars left. So we have seven jars left. I don't really want to show you guys this because it's going to sell out and you guys aren't going to have it for three months, but no one sells this stuff. This is raw cod liver oil without anything added to it. You know, literally just oil itself. So it's a quarter to two. We just used up most of the ice. What do we do? Like 65, 70 orders today. And then we're going to do another 60 orders tomorrow. So you guys are going to have your packages by Thursday and Friday of this week. I mean, that's really it for today. You know, as I said, hopefully this is the last time I'm vlogging in this facility. It might not be. We might end up doing one more vlog, although it's unlikely. And then we'll just film like the move over and getting in the new space. So if you guys are curious about any of the products we have, you can go to frankiesfreerangemeets.com. And I mentioned organ supplements. I also have Frankies Naturals. And if you want to know why you should be incorporating these foods into your diet, you can check out frankdashtofowner.com where I have a free meal plan, you know, free carnivore diet mistakes, as well as a very affordable book. And an affordable carnivore diet course. And if you guys do want to reach out to me for personalized help, that's also available on frankdashtofowner.com. Thank you guys for joining me today. Hopefully you're doing okay. And getting some sun, it is nice today. But Frankie Boy was stuck inside the one nice day this week. But that's all right. See you guys soon. You guys are wondering why I'm breaking out. It's because I haven't slept in like two days.


Okay, we're back live here in San Francisco. This is the CUBE Silicon Angles flagship program. We go out to the events, extract the signal from the noise. We're here with General EEs Industrial Cloud event in San Francisco. I'm John Furrier, the founder of Silicon Angles. I'm joined by my co-host. I'm Dave Vellante of Wikibon.org. Leo Spiegel is here. He's the Senior Vice President of Strategy and Corporate Development at Pivotal. Leo, welcome to theCUBE. Thanks for coming on. Thanks. That's an interesting title given the dynamics of what's happened with Pivotal. I mean, obviously, we've been following the evolution. You know, it's our fourth season of theCUBE and we've been at every EMC world. We've been at every VM world since. And just the evolution of Paul Merritt's vision has transformed the industry and people are making moves. And you were involved kind of behind the curtain, you know, pushing buttons for the Pivotal spin-out or what are they called, spin-out? Or was it? Well, initially it was the initiative. The initiative. Yeah, now we're a independent company. And you've been involved in some of the M&A side and kind of putting those ingredients together. So tell us a little bit about that and then connect it to where we are today because now GE comes into the picture, which you were also involved in that relationship. So can some of us see the dots connecting? Yeah, well, you know, first I have such admiration and respect for Paul and for Joe Tucci and guys like David Goulden. I mean, I think they really have a vision of where the market's going. And when they acquired Green Plum, I think they really understood that, you know, the world was going to go way beyond just sort of storage and that you really needed to enable the whole vertical solution up to the application. And so we've been on this journey. I mean, that's sort of where I got involved because I was the original investor in Green Plum and I always joke Scott Yarra, I was his first boss and I've worked very closely. I hired Bill Cook, who is now the COO of Pivotal. So I've worked in and around the company for a very long time. And when we became part of EMC, you know, we realized that we needed to expand our capabilities. And so I think a really pivotal, no pun intended acquisition we made was the acquisition of Pivotal Labs. And Labs really enabled us to, you know, have the people who could build solutions on top of our database platform.  And, you know, Pivotal was a combination of assets that came from EMC and VMware. And we launched the company April 1st of this year. It was a very complicated transaction just quickly because, you know, these assets all had to be valued fairly. They had to be put into an entity. We had to move employees all over the world. And so it's, there was a lot of stuff, a lot of hard work. Figuring out what goes where. We had to price it and do it fairly and lots of bankers and lawyers. A lot of people were fun. A lot of fun. As Dave said, there's one lawyer and no one's making any money. There's two. Everyone's wealthy. There's a lot of fees. Absolutely, a lot of fees. But in general, the employees are very happy. There's no real negative sentiment amongst the employee base. You got options on both companies. You guys really did a big startup move there. It was great. So given your perspective, obviously, you know, your history with Sandpiper in the early days of the web, you had to build out the plumbing back then. That was the early days of the stack. We were referring to some of this industrial internet or industrial cloud as 1991. Like we're in the early 90s and we're arguing over, you know, 802. whatever or Token Ring, Ethernet and the stack above us is unconquered yet. Or the information is super high where that was predating the web. So we're in that kind of mode now with this GE thing. So how do you view that? Because you have a perspective of the history and doing the corp dev. You got to be plugged into that 20 mile stare. So share with us this industrial revolution around the industrial cloud. So you know, it's, you know, I think it really, for me, it started with the sensors, right? I mean, I think if you think about what's been happening in the industrial world, you know, you started with these devices, whether it was a jet engine or a turbine and then you were able to add these sensors onto these devices and then, you know, these sensors, it's sort of like ET. They started to report home, right? And all of a sudden, you know, you need a platform where you're going to get all this information from these sensors and devices and do things, you know, whether it's figure out a jet engine's not happy or, you know, figure out how to optimize a power plant. And so in a lot of ways, you know, I think the ironic thing for me at least is that it was sort of the consumer companies that proved scale, right? So I think we all understood that you could collect this data. But I think the real challenge was, could you build a platform that could keep up with the velocity of data?  And I think really with the proof from, you know, companies like Google and Facebook and others and the work that, you know, really we've done at Pivot all around, you know, our database technologies and our Hadoop technologies and the analytics we've built on top of it. You know, I think all those things have come together to really give companies like GE, you know, the conviction to really take to market a next generation of applications. And, you know, I was just up at lunch here at this event talking with some of the GE customers. And I mean, they're a sight. I mean, you know, for them, this is real dollar. It's a modernization. It's like modernizing the baseball fields. Like, you know, the old Park in San Francisco, now you've got the revitalization. Yeah, I mean, I think they think they can dramatically change their business models. And, you know, we've all seen these trends, right? From to your point, Token Ring versus Ethernet or, you know, the mini and the mainframe. I mean, we're at that point now. It's really exciting, I think. It's like it's back to your green-plum investment because back then, there was no such thing as big data. At least nobody called it that. So, and essentially, what? Was it the early part, middle part of the last decade? Really, right? So, you've got this sort of new type of database. Did you have any inkling that it would become, you know, insert itself into this new data trend? I mean, obviously, you saw data is up and to the right, but talk about that a little bit. What was your idea? Some day over a beer, I'll tell you the long and interesting story about green-plum. Like all startups, it wasn't anywhere near linear. But, you know, when Scott came to us and said, look, you know, the world is changing and the amount of data that people are creating is mind-boggling and, you know, people are tired of the forklift mentality of databases.  You know, I have a way to do that software only and really, you know, have better performance and just unbelievable cost advantage.   And so we had a lot of faith in Scott and Luke Longran and, you know, and some of the technologists behind it. But for me, you know, I did see it as the beginning of a long evolution because I think what's different today, at least, you know, I'm, I was joking. I started in my first company when I was in college.  I automated Morgan Stanley and Merrill Lynch and, you know, put in Windows systems and, you know, back many, many years ago. NT or, I started with Novel and then went to NT and, you know, and, you know, I went back to Novel again. Yeah, I remember synoptics and all, you guys know, right? So, I mean. Frank Cartaglia would be proud. Exactly. But the thing that's different today or was changing back then, and we see today was the importance of the data, right? It used to be everyone focused on, like the application logic. Like, you know, could I do an expense report or could I build a general ledger? But what was happening at the beginning of Green Plum was really like, what does this data mean and what can I do with it? And that's really kind of the vision and the road we've been on. And I think with technologies, you know, like Hadoop and, you know, Gemfire and Sequelfire for real time, with all these technologies coming together in our platform, you know, I do think we're uniquely positioned to help companies really take advantage of the meaning of their data and translate that into real value in their business model. And it seems like we're entering this new phase which is what does this data mean and how can I act on it in real time with machines? Yeah. And that, what we heard today is a whole new wave of value creation that's coming. That's got to be exciting. Yeah, really exciting.  But, you know, you can imagine kind of our geek heads and the GE geek heads getting together.  And, you know, they're all talking about just the number of transactions and the velocity and, you know, kind of looking in our eyes and saying, can you really do it? I mean, can you really build systems at this scale? Because that's the unique thing about the GE solution is, I mean, the amount of data and the velocity of the data. I mean, it may be different than the amount of data that a Google accumulates over a long period of time, but the decisions one needs to make instantaneously on that velocity of data is a really unique solution that we think is going to be exciting to build. So let's talk about the deal. Because you guys, you know, again, you got to love Tucci and Goulden and Merritt, spinning out this new company. You've got, you know, they put forth at the financial analyst meeting, hey, at some point we'd like to do an IPO, we've got a lot of work to do, but market went crazy that day in a down day, by the way. And so here you have GE, you know, the industrial company saying, well, we want in. And now you've announced that you'll do $300 million roughly this year with Pivotal. So, you know, three X revenue valuation, that's pretty conservative, believe it or not, in this day and age and this day of the big data bubble. So that's pretty good valuation for GE.   And, you know, we valued all those assets, put them into Pivotal.  Because as we know, EMC owns 80% of VMware. So there are other minority shareholders. So, you know, I think it was really done, you know, to create value for everybody. And, you know, the GE opportunity and GE as a partner for us is so strategic that in effect they invested at the same valuation that EMC continues to invest in and VMware continues to invest in. Right, well, so I used to call them misfit toys when they were part of VMware and EMC. Pat Gelsinger doesn't like when I say that, but nonetheless, it sort of didn't really fit. Talk about how they do fit now in Pivotal, whether it's Cloud Foundry or Green Plum or Pivotal Labs, CEDIS, I mean, interesting collection. Yeah, so I mean, so basically the key set of technologies that came together to create Pivotal obviously came from EMC and came from VMware. On the EMC side, you know, it was primarily Green Plum and it was Pivotal Labs. And then, you know, we made a very small acquisition late last year called more VRP from a company in Israel, which is a console technology management technology. On the VMware side, you know, it was Cloud Foundry, it was all the V-fabric spring technologies. It was CEDIS, which is an analytics framework. And so, what was the company you mentioned just from Israel? More VRP. That was on the EMC, did they? That was on the EMC side, yeah. So that's still in the Viper, right? Powering a lot of the Viper stuff. It's actually working on our, it's really... Oh, okay, Pivotal. Yeah, it's powering the Green Plum database. So, one of the things we wanted to do was they have very unique technology that allows you real time to manage the database. So, if your memory allocation's not right or you have storage resource allocation issues, the more VRP technology on the fly will change that resource to ensure the system operates at peak performance. So, those were the, and it was a relatively small acquisition, so those were the, sort of the assets from the EMC side, and again, on the VMware side, it was the Cloud Foundry technology, V-fabric spring technologies, the Gemfire SQL technologies, and then the CEDIS technologies. And so, pulling all those technologies together and sort of building the team and moving the employees was really the exercise that we went through. And that comprises the Pivotal platform. Yes, and so with the genius of Scott Yarra and Paul Moritz and Rob Me and a whole bunch of amazing, I mean, we have just an amazing bench, as you know, of talented engineers, and so I think we're very blessed. But we've now announced Pivotal One, which is a framework which takes all those technologies and will provide to the customer a uniform way to acquire the technology. And it's very much, as you'd expect, a core set of technologies with sort of the data component to it, and then the PAS platform as a service component for building applications. And then we'll enable a set of services on top of it, and we're talking to a variety of companies who, you know, in effect want to use that platform to build services on top of it. And so we think we can be that layer, if you will, above the cloud. And as you know, one of the things that we think is really important is choice. And so we're sort of cloud agnostic. So, you know, we'll work with Amazon and we'll work with OpenStack and we'll work with a variety of cloud platforms. And the customer can move their application from cloud to cloud by using our layer in between, basically. We are impressed with EMC and VMware, you know, Joe Tucci, Gould, we've interviewed all of them. And you got on the Moritz side, Gelsinger. I mean, these guys are awesome. They know their tech and their geeks and their alpha geeks. But one thing that really impresses me, the most of all, just, that's just cool. But what's really impressive is that they are great at go-to-market and they're great at competing, right? So they're very customer-centric. So I got to ask you to go-to-market with GE. I mean, it's a good deal. They pay $100 million. You get a market lift. 105. Okay. But who's counting? Well, count the fees. 105. Yeah, and they get a nice deal because they get a good position. And you guys kind of... They have 10% of the company. Evaluation is low, given what they could be, given the built-in revenue run rate. Sure. And you got a great team. So team, product, market fit. But they open up that world for you. So obviously, from a biz dev standpoint, corporate development, you have a new market space. How are they attacking that? Are they going to go... Total partnership with GE? Is there going to be any derivative products? Joint products? How is that relationship going to evolve? So, you know, we'll be announced over the coming months, so I'm not going to pre-announce anything. But at a high level... You're smiling. Joint products. But at a high level, I mean, I think we're very committed to deep technology integration and deep go-to-market integration. And it'll be leveraging GE resources on the go-to-market side with pivotal resources, with EMC resources, and VMware resources.  And so we'll continue to leverage all those relationships. But I think what's exciting is that it's transformed itself from what you'd consider a customer relationship to really a partner relationship. And they'll leverage our platform in there, which is really what Bill Rue talked about today, is they're going to leverage our platform as a core piece of the solutions or products they take to market. And you guys, as early adopters, I want to say early adopters, but it's an emerging market, is what Pivotal's doing. It's essentially the top of the stack of VMware kind of put out and focused. I mean, to me, we've always loved Maritz's original vision in 2010, when we had theCUBE there. The top of the stack was all playing out, but you had all too much stuff going on in the middle of the data layer. So this is essentially a spin out, but it's still emerging. So you have a go-to-market emerging deal with GE. So I think, one, that's compelling. And it gives you guys thought leadership, because the Internet of Things has been kind of kicked around since 2001 when wireless probes were sitting in the network. But since then, you're seeing the sensors, the probes, now moving into the industry. So it's a complete early game. So how are you guys going to organize internally, given that there might be a new partner out there? Are you exclusive to GE? You have potentially other partners? Yeah, I mean, there's no exclusivity in our relationship either way. I mean, GE will partner with the companies that it needs to partner with to be successful and Pivotal will do the same. I mean, we have lots of companies in the industrial space who work with EMC and VMware and Pivotal, and we'll continue to work with them. I think if you heard today's session, a lot was talked about around standards and open source. And if this thing is as big as it can be, and if we make it as big as it should be, we're going to have to all embrace co-opetition. And that's kind of how we've grown this industry. You guys have been in it a long time, right? You just can't be sort of stuck with one. You've been very entrepreneurial. So I got to ask you the entrepreneurial question. There's a lot of entrepreneurs out there watching and we'll watch the reruns and read the blog posts and the research. They want to know where the white spaces are. So enable them, point them, give some navigation around where they should be focusing. If I'm a developer, I'm an entrepreneur, internet of things, industrial cloud, and just commercial enterprise open source, where's the white space? Well, what keeps me excited, I mean, one of the dimensions is you think about it. I mean, the number of mobile devices relative to laptops, right? I mean, they're growing exponentially. So I think anything in and around mobile and mobile in the enterprise is really exciting. I mean, I just look at how today, even at EMC, how easy it is for me to integrate my iPhone into the EMC system, right? And it's just beginning. So I think that's a great area for entrepreneurs to focus on is mobile. I still think there's a lot to do around the heavy duty manipulation and crunching of data. So I think there's some interesting areas there that entrepreneurs can sort of focus on. And then the applications, right? I mean, I was at lunch and it's sort of funny. I mean, I don't know, if you were starting a company today, would you buy an ERP system, right? I mean, would you buy an HR system? Or would you just use- Would you buy Oracle? Yeah. I mean, I think those are the fundamental questions, right? I mean, I think if you were doing it today, you'd use a SaaS-based HR system. You'd use a SaaS-based ERP system. So I mean, that goes forever, right? I mean, there are so many applications that I think people can jump on. And it makes perfect sense. I mean, why own it when you can use it and have someone else manage it and operate it?  So it's sort of like that whole outsourcing thing we lived through in the past, but it's just happening at the application layer now. What's the capital markets like in Silicon Valley right now or in the VC world, early stage kind of, and then growth companies? Is it robust? Is it bubbly? Is it constricting? What do you see? It's bumpy. I mean, I think early stage is tough.   But I think if you can get to a scalable business model and you can demonstrate traction, unlimited money. So where the market is hot right now is on the late stage and on the really, really, really early stage, but the middle is challenging. So you have that proof point.  But you know, the word business value was like popped right in the center there. So, you know, any startup that can get business value quick, but that's the promise of the cloud. That's what you guys are trying to set up with Bivital. Yeah, well, you know what's so funny is when I started as a venture guy 12 years ago, conventional wisdom was if you're gonna build a software company, you need like $30 million, right?  I mean, what do you have to sell that company for for a VC to get a 10X, right?  You know what I mean? How many companies sell for 200 million or more? So, I mean, today, the beauty of it is I think you can do that same thing for a third the cost. I mean, probably for $10 million, you can build a very sophisticated software company. And sell for a billion. And sell for a billion. There you go. Can I get in on it? I want to get in on that deal.  You didn't do the NYSERA deal? Well, sorry, the deals app, we have a great pipeline right now. So, we were talking earlier about it. I love it. The deal flow, the cube. We're turning into an M&A machine, too. Exactly. Well, I am a deal junkie. So we're talking earlier about how you guys brought these assets together. What I loved about the Pivotal deal is when we first heard about the Pivotal initiative, it was like, okay, another big data platform and Palmer is behind it. So that's a plus. But when you announced the GE component of it, then the light bulbs went off because really nobody was hardcore talking about that next wave. All right, so with all these pieces together and with the GE announcement and given your corp dev role, how much of your activity in new investments goes toward that industrial internet versus the old sort of make-a-dupe-enterprise-ready type of thing. Can you talk about that a little bit? I think we're going to have to invest in a variety of areas. I mean, we're clearly committed to GE and committed to this industrial internet and a lot of our engineering and work right now is focused on that. But at the same time, we have customers and telecommunications. We have customers that are in the internet. We have financial services.  And so we have to kind of invest across all of them. And one of the things we're spending a lot of time working on at Pivotal is figuring out who the key companies are in those verticals and talking to them about leveraging our platform, giving them the value proposition about why they don't need to build out this infrastructure. They can use our infrastructure. They can build the logic for their application and we can go to market together. So I think you'll see us with a variety of relationships, maybe not as deep as GE, but certainly many relationships in a set of key verticals to demonstrate the value of the Pivotal One platform. So you talked about the capital markets, the sentiment right now. I presume your criteria are somewhat different. Maybe you're looking for guys who can't market or can't sell and don't have traction but have great tech, but maybe talk about that a little bit. What do you look for in investment? Well, I mean, we invest basically through EMC Ventures. And so EMC Ventures has got, like all sort of strategic venture groups has that dual responsibility of investing in things that are strategic to the core businesses, which is obviously EMC and Pivotal and to some degree VMware. And then also obviously, it has to be a good financial return because at the end of the day- Are you in EMC Ventures? Or you have Mission Ventures, right? Wasn't that your- Yeah, Mission Ventures is the venture fund that I'm currently a partner of, but we're kind of, I've joined basically Pivotal. So in my Pivotal role, if we do investments, we'll do those investments. You tapped that through EMC Ventures. EMC Ventures. And Mission is not making new investments. Got it, okay, got it. So basically it's really, new investments would be done in partnership What's the small steal you've done just from a strategic? You see something strategic, how low have you gone? In terms of EMC Ventures, they've invested half a million dollars. They've invested up to tens of millions of dollars. So it's sort of the gamut. If it's strategic, they can go for it, get a look at it, keep looking. Do they lead or just mostly follow? I mean, they've led some, but they do very much like to work with traditional venture guys because they obviously have a limited number of resources. And so working with sort of a local venture person is the preferred path. And so, and they're very active.  We basically, at the end of the day, They're the Intel Capital guy there from. Yeah, so Scott Darling is a very good friend. It's kind of funny, we've known each other for a long time. And you know, he'd be a great guy, by the way, to have on the queue because he's just grown his team substantially. So he's got now five really experienced VCs who are working with him and they're aggressively going to market. They're still on Calpher and Palo Alto. Yep, they're still on Calpher and Palo Alto. We'll have to come down and do a video. Come down and do it with Scott. Scott Darling, if you're watching or anyone knows Scott, ping them, we're coming down there right now. Awesome guy. But we work very closely with them. At the end of the day, they make the decision as a partnership, but they're influenced by the business units like Pivotal or EMC, et cetera. Well, you identify the need too. The white space that you have, Joe calls them tuck-ins, right?  I think it's really underscored some of the prowess that you guys have in acquisitions. I mean, you guys, IBM, Oracle, top three in the enterprise tech business. Yeah, and Joe and David Goulden, I mean, they're in Paul and Pat. They're all really good at keeping the people, right? No, they're there, phenomenon execution. Look at Scott Yara still here. Bill Cook is still here. Rob Mee is here.  I mean, they've done a great job. They've built a culture that's really about exceeding customers' expectations. They treat their employees great. They reward the executives we call tech athletes, and that's why they stay because the environment's conducive for execution. They're great. So if the people who were performed stay because they get that emotional benefit. Well, I think they're winners, right? People want to be in a winning team. The EMC's got a winning team. There's no question about it.  I mean, they're actually really fun guys to go hang out with. It's a lot of fun. Okay, well, Leo, thanks for coming on theCUBE. We really appreciate it. What you've done has been fantastic and really historic. You look at what's happening in the industry. It's been fun to watch you guys and you guys behind the scenes because we can kind of see the tea leaves being shuffled around over the past two years. It's been fun to watch. And certainly since 2010, since we've been doing theCUBE at VMware, all that's been exciting to see. And now that you have decoupled but highly cohesive operations in VMware and Pivotal, I think we'll see a lot more action. We're looking forward to chatting more and hearing more about your M&A strategy and your Corp Dev move. So thanks for coming on. Really appreciate it. This is theCUBE. We'll be right back with a wrap up after this short break. Thank you.


Welcome back. Today we are going to discuss a very important thermodynamic quantity that is equilibrium constant. In classical thermodynamics, we have already discussed equilibrium constant at length and connected with the change in standard molar Gibbs energy. In statistical thermodynamics considerations, we are going to connect this equilibrium constant with molecular partition function. The experimental measurement of equilibrium constant can be done in a variety of methods. There can be spectroscopic methods, there can be calorimetric methods, there can be direct methods where a suitable fitting of the model to the experimental data points can give the value of equilibrium constant. Alternatively, we can get the value of equilibrium constant from the value of delta G naught and delta G naught is equal to delta H naught minus T delta S naught. So, therefore, there are variety of methods calorimetric spectroscopic and there may be some other methods which you can use for experimental determination of equilibrium constant. Even when we talk about the spectroscopic determination of equilibrium constant and then those who have consulted the book by Lackowitz and are dealing with the interaction between ligands and biological macromolecules like proteins, then Stern-Walmer kind of analysis can give you the value of quenching constant which under certain circumstances can become equal to equilibrium constant. In this course, we have been talking about the molecular partition function and by now we have discussed all contributions to the molecular partition function. For example, translational contribution, rotational contribution, vibrational contribution, electronic contribution these are the four major contributions that constitute that form the overall molecular partition function and which can be related to various thermodynamic quantities. In today's lecture as I just said we are going to connect the equilibrium constant with the partition function Q. What is the significance of equilibrium constant? Just as a recap to earlier knowledge. Equilibrium constant is a very important thermodynamic quantity because it tells you how much product is formed. Equilibrium constant is the ratio of the concentrations of the product to that of the concentrations of the reactants weighted by the power of their respective stoichiometric numbers. In industry equilibrium constant is very important because as I just said equilibrium constant is directly related to the amount of product formed and therefore in industry they are always in finding out appropriate conditions which can be tuned to achieve a desired value of equilibrium constant and the molecular partition function. Since we have discussed that it is connected to the energy levels of the molecule and therefore that means here also the determination of equilibrium constant by statistical means is in fact spectroscopic method of evaluating the value of equilibrium constant. Let us begin our discussion. There are two things I want to highlight to begin with. One is that we will discuss ideal systems first ideal gases. So, therefore initially I will restrict to gas phase reaction and also the gas phase reactions means I will talk about ideal gases. One ideality we will bring later. Equilibrium constant K is related to delta G naught by this equation delta G naught is equal to minus RT log K. In classical thermodynamics we derived this equation delta G naught is equal to minus RT log K based upon a certain derivation which was delta G is equal to delta G naught plus RT log K. In this equation delta G is the change in Gibbs free energy delta G naught is the change in Gibbs free energy under standard state conditions. Remember difference between delta G and delta G naught it is a common mistake sometimes we do not differentiate between the two, but these two convey entirely different meaning. This delta G is actually the slope delta G delta psi at constant temperature and pressure that means the positive or negative value of this delta G is going to decide in which direction the reaction is spontaneous. At equilibrium delta G is always 0 this slope is 0 and Q is equal to K. So, therefore, when you rearrange that you get delta G naught is equal to minus RT log K. The purpose of this discussion was to again highlight the difference between delta G and delta G naught these two are not the same quantities these two are different quantities. Now, since today's task is to correlate K with Q that means we have to connect this K somehow with the Gibbs free energy or the changes in Gibbs free energy under standard state conditions. From our previous discussion we have derived this equation G is equal to G 0 this is absolute 0 T is equal to 0 is equal to minus n RT log Q by n this we have discussed earlier. And we had also discussed that n number of molecules is number of moles times Avogadro constant. So, therefore, when you convert this upper equation this equation and write n is equal to small n times n a then Q divided by n becomes Q m molar partition function. And throughout you divide by n if this equation is divided throughout by n it results into this equation where n is consumed into per molar quantity. That means what I am writing here is G by n is equal to G m molar quantity. And we have invoked standard state conditions you see throughout this not has been put why I am putting this standard state conditions because the relationship that I am interested in connecting is delta G 0 is equal to minus RT log K. So, therefore, I need to have expressions for Gibbs free energy under standard state conditions ok. So, from here onwards we will talk for the Gibbs free energy under standard state conditions. So, what is a standard state? First of all we should be clear on what is a standard state. We have also discussed or your teachers might have already discussed with you what is a standard state? Usually the answer comes temperature 25 degree centigrade no temperature can be any substance should be in its pure form and pressure should be 1 bar that is the latest recommendations of IUPAC. What is a standard state? The substance should be pure in its pure form pressure should be 1 bar this is very important pressure should be 1 bar temperature can be any there is no fixation of temperature you can have standard state conditions at any temperature. For example, you have nitrogen and 2 the standard state of nitrogen and 2 is gas at 25 degree centigrade. If you reduce the temperature towards 0 Kelvin the standard state will be different. So, therefore, temperature can be any substance should be in its pure form and pressure should be 1 bar. In other words p naught this naught here signifies the standard state conditions that is 1 bar and since here we are dealing with ideal cases ideal gases I will write p v is equal to n r t that is a perfect gas equation or ideal gas equation. So, that means here v I can write this as v by n is equal to r t by p and then after that if I invoke standard state condition then v by n becomes v m naught and p instead of p I write p naught what it suggests is that when you are dealing with the gaseous systems and treating the gases at ideal gases then you can always calculate the volume by using r t by p naught volume need not be given to you should be able to calculate from the knowledge of gas constant and from the knowledge of temperature p naught is anyway 1 bar. So, therefore, under standard state conditions it is easier to get v m naught no data needs to be given it is very important to understand the concept of standard states I hope this description of standard state is clear to you. Now, let us express the molar Gibbs function under standard state conditions for any species j any species j. So, g m naught minus g m naught at 0 is equal to minus r t log q j m naught by n a m stands for molar j stands for species j naught stands for standard state conditions n a is the Avogadro constant. And as mentioned over here q j m is the standard state molar partition function of species j now consider any reaction any gas phase reaction one such example is a moles of a reacting with b moles of b to form c moles of c and d moles of d this is the expression that we are going to use this one this expression allows me to express molar Gibbs function of j under standard state conditions in terms of molar Gibbs function of j at absolute 0 and the molecular partition function what I am interested in is knowing delta g naught. And some books will write a subscript r you can write r means reaction. So, reaction Gibbs free energy change under standard state conditions can be obtained from summation j nu j g m j under standard state condition what it means if I expand this for this reaction let me put a partition over here that means for this reaction the way I will expand this expression is in this let me explain various notations r stands for reaction this symbol stands for standard state condition nu j is the stoichiometric number which is positive for products and negative for reactants I repeat nu j is the stoichiometric number which is positive for products and negative for reactants.  When I said positive for products and negative for reactants that stoichiometric number it is becoming clearly here I am writing c and d both as positive numbers they are products a and b they are negative numbers here written over here these are the reactants ok. What I will do is now let us go step by step I am interested in finding this expression summation j nu j I will retain nu j over here and in bracket I will use this expression over here this is equal to g m naught j at absolute zero minus r t log q j m naught by n a we have simply substituted for g m naught this means I can now write delta r g naught is equal to summation j nu j g m naught j at absolute zero minus r t is common constant it comes out. So, this one j nu j log q j m naught by n a try to understand it what is simply done is we use this equation which says that reaction Gibbs free energy under standard state conditions can be obtained from the standard state Gibbs function of the products and reactants weighted by their stoichiometric number and what I did was then I retain nu j of this and for g m j I substituted this and we arrive at the next equation which is equal to delta r g naught is equal to this summation at absolute zero minus r t into this expression nu j log q j m naught by n a we will continue from here.  Now, if you very carefully look at this is also delta g naught at absolute zero. So, that means I have under general conditions delta g naught is equal to this is delta g naught for j at absolute zero minus r t and then allow me to write next expression like this what I have done is I have taken this stoichiometric number as power permitted mathematically ok. Now, we need to write something for this consider g is equal to h minus t s is equal to h is equal to u plus p v minus t s and since we are dealing with ideal gases which is u plus n r t minus t s and does not this equation says g at absolute zero is equal to u at absolute zero because when t is equal to zero then g becomes u. Now, I can write next one delta r g naught is equal to delta u I will say j at zero minus r t summation when you open the summation this is log a plus log b plus log b plus log c right and when you say log a plus log b plus log c etcetera that will be equal to log a into b into c etcetera etcetera I can convert this summation into product. So, I can write this as a product that means this will be minus r t log product of q j m naught by n a it is the power nu j. So, m and j are getting interchange do not worry about that. So, log product of all this is equal to log a plus log b plus log c etcetera. So, I have used that mathematical transformation I hope by now it is clear how we got this expression what we will do is that instead of delta u we will write this as delta e zero just a symbol to describe that this is the difference in the zero point energies instead of delta u u shows internal energy we will just write rewrite in the term delta e naught ok. So, the new expression that we get now is delta r g naught is equal to delta e naught minus r t log pi j q j m naught by n a raise to the power stoichiometric number. So, by now we have an expression for delta g naught and we have some right hand side which is expressed in terms of change in zero point energies and the molecular partition functions that means the right hand side of this equation can now spectroscopically be determined. So, what we have other equations that we have with us are delta g naught is equal to minus r t log k this expression this equation we have derived when you are learning in classical thermodynamics r is a matter of convenience usually r is written for reaction. Now you see this delta g naught and this delta g naught can be equated and once you have these two equations we can come up with an expression for equilibrium constant. So, you might have noted the strategy since we wanted to develop a connection between equilibrium constant and molecular partition function and we realize that the equilibrium constant can easily be expressed in terms of changes in standard molar Gibbs energy. So, we decided to express Gibbs energy in terms of molecular partition function then through a series of steps we have come up to this expression where the right hand side can be spectroscopically determined. The next step will be to equate these two and then come up with an expression for equilibrium constant, but that we will discuss in the next lecture. Thank you very much.


This research suggests that severe traumatic brain injury, STBI, can cause a decrease in the levels of coenzyme Q9, coke 9, coenzyme Q10, coke 10, and alfodocopherol, alfodocopherol, in the brain. Additionally, it appears that STBI may alter the distribution of these compounds within the mitochondria, which could have implications for how they function. This article was authored by Giacomo Lazerino, Renata Mangioni, Miriam Wiesem Saab and others.