Okay, we're back here live at the Stanford Symposium, the Excel Stanford Symposium 17th annual symposium with all the geeks and industry comes together. This is a really Excel partners part of even the relationship with Stanford. This is Silicon Angle theCUBE, we're a flagship program, we go out to the events, extract the signal from the noise, it's our fourth year and we're kind of making our way back at the Silicon Valley, we've been doing a lot of enterprise, a lot of disruptive technologies, first blog to cover cloud, mobile and social. So we've also been watching all the moves that Excel's been making, certainly on the consumer side, but on the enterprise side, very impressive of late and we have Adiyah Agawala, VP of engineering and Dropbox and Sameer at Excel partners who's going to share with us just some commentary, we'll shoot the breeze on, obviously your business is great. Thank you.  Long way to go, long way to go. Great culture you have inside the company from what we haven't reported yet but we can talk about that later. But really the trend that you guys are really riding is this idea of getting out in the marketplace with a really good product, classic example of using open source software, putting a product out there and then scaling it up very, very rapidly and then also just iterating and building faster and stronger products. So I want to ask you one, give us an update on what you've done that made Dropbox so successful and then we'll talk about what you guys are doing right now. Sure, I mean I think that every company at a high level, the big thing that we have done is that we have managed to hire the best. I think that every Silicon Valley company says this which is that we only want to hire the 10X engineers, only want to hire the best but I think at Dropbox that philosophy is just so ingrained. And here's an example. Our co-founder Arash interviews almost everybody who ends up joining the company just because that combination of intelligence and culture fit is so important to us. So I just think we have hired really, really well and it's been difficult. Obviously the toughest part in hiring well is when you're in hyper growth mode which is when you want to double the company every year, how do you make sure you don't need the quality go down and I think we have managed to do that. So tell us the story when you guys hit that tipping point, it's like okay, wow, we got to get serious and then how did Excel enter the mix? Well, you know, I think the Excel investment was before I joined so I'll let Sameera answer that. Sameera, talk about that. When did that hit? Yeah, we invested in the company in 2008 and I've been working with Drew and Arash even prior to that. It was one of these companies where we knew that eventually someone would solve the problem about how to move information to the cloud, data to the cloud and they had just a very thoughtful approach to it that was much more consumer centric and made it a type of service that would be very easy to adopt by consumers so they wouldn't have to think differently, act differently, they could work in their normal way but all of a sudden they would start to be able to take advantage of having their food. But it wasn't like this home run enterprise play right out of the box. It was not, it was very much of a consumer story and it was designed for the consumer and even the early adoption was all about getting consumers to put their stuff, as we still call it today, their stuff in the cloud and what we found and this is one of the most powerful concepts of it which is that as people started to use it they brought it to work and started using it for personal use and for work use and from the very bottom levels of organizations at the very grassroots level, they started bringing it into companies and now today through that method, literally with no sales people, no marketing, you have a couple million businesses that run on Dropbox. So Dropbox for all the initiated is basically in cloud file sharing stores and beyond more. Obviously it started as a consumer thing, hey I want to start some files, you send it, it was out there at the time, kind of still on some older tech, you guys had a cloud version. But I want to talk to you a little bit different than that and that is that the big trend that we talk about on SiliconANGLE and Wikibon is how shadow IT has become a legitimate processor and we're covering the Amazon Web Summit right now and then we're going to be at the re-invent. So that's a big, Amazon has a legitimized IT going around the normal IT gatekeepers to go in the cloud. You guys obviously took advantage of that and so did Box.net but you guys more than Box, although Box claims to have as many more customers from what we see is that okay I got to store some stuff but then it becomes okay I'm storing some stuff in the cloud and then it's like okay, process improvement, how do I integrate that? So that shadow IT, working in the shadows now a legitimate innovation ground for enterprises. So can you guys comment about what you guys are seeing in that area and what some of the key trends are around enterprises and IT saying hey, I want to use more drop-offs. Maybe it's security, data protection, stuff. I think the way I think of it is that the reason why a lot of people kind of have made this transition from using Dropbox for their personal data and like work data is because it improves productivity. It makes your life simpler. It's like you don't have to worry about where your stuff is, losing your stuff and that applies across different contexts. Now as we move into the enterprise, you rightly pointed out having, giving IT administrators control, visibility, giving them confidence about our security. These are clearly things that we need to build out and not just build out but do an amazing job of. Like the same experience we bought to consumers in terms of like the simplest solution that just works. I believe we can provide that to IT administrators and I will say this is the first time I'm hearing the term shadow IT but if I understand it correctly I basically, the way I think of it is that we can actually make the lives of IT administrators around the world with the two million businesses that we have on Dropbox way, way simpler and we can do all of this while providing the same amazing user experience across like your work and your personal stuff. I think it's a pretty special opportunity. Yeah, so shadow IT should contact the Wikibon guys because one of the things that we're fleshing out is IT is very much a lot of rules, right? A lot of governance issues, it's just sovereign software, all these compliance and speed and productivity is really the pressure. The business units who are the customer of IT aren't being surfaced in them. So what you're seeing is the shadows and underground IT economy, because you can go to the cloud, guys are smart, they put their credit card down, they'll go to Amazon, spin up an app, they've got to store some data, make it five approvals and six months later or go to Dropbox and get instant approval. So that's the trend, right? So that's more of a buzzword. Sameer, what are you seeing now? So you're looking at a lot of portfolio companies, you know, securities and issue, all these things are out there. Do you agree with the shadow IT trend and will you have any commentary there? Yeah, I think it's, you know, I'm glad you came up with a new moniker for it. We've always called it the consumerization of IT and the idea behind that is that, you know, there's needs that users and enterprises have and they aren't always very quickly or appropriately addressed by internal IT and there's phenomenal cloud services that exist, consumer cloud services in the case of Dropbox, that serve a great purpose for business. So people bring it in and we look actually for other companies that follow that same kind of model that's very low friction adoption in enterprises, you know, literally zero touch or low touch sales and then over time, we feel like we can then go to those companies and say your users are already using this, they're effective, they're productive. Let's talk about enterprise solutions and enterprise deal after the fact. Adia, I want you to talk about the engineering side. Obviously you're scaling up, you're on the panel here on the symposium talking about scaling up SaaS. I'm sure, I mean I didn't listen but I'm sure it was kind of, you know, leveled up a little bit, not going deep in the least but I want you to be specific about some of the things that you guys are doing on the cloud and from an engineering standpoint because, you know, you have to build in the off side of it to make it easier to perform productive for users. What are you guys doing engineering wise that you'd like to share with the folks out there? Is it your proprietary stack? I'm asking Facebook builds their own stuff but uses open source software and commodity scale out open source. So you guys in the same boat, can you just share? We use a combination. We obviously are heavy users of AWS and we're super happy with like the performance and the security that they provide but we also run a large installation of our own machines to basically like essentially manage the file system. I think in terms of what we are doing. It's all scale out open source, right? All open source? We use a lot of open source but we also write a bunch of proprietary services and code on top of open source. But you're not buying software. You write your own, right? We write our own software. We don't buy software, yes. I think that's our- Commercial software. Commercial software. Oracle. The way I think of it is that my job is to create the proper emphasis within the company, within engineering, like kind of like a respect and emphasis on providing the most scaled out, like the highly scalable as well, highly secure like engineering practices, right? And I think that you know, often people are looking for a magic bullet like a silver bullet, a magic solution. I don't think that there is one except that you actually care about it and you keep on like essentially like baking that into the culture of your organization. So that's the way I think of it. And so from a discipline standpoint when you're hiring, you're looking for guys who know open source or anything specific, any new areas you're looking at, any cool projects that you're kicking the tires at, you can talk about. Not in particular. We don't have like particular open source projects that we go and monitor for people. What I'm really looking for is a dedication to excellence and essentially like having the ability to sweat the small details. One of the really interesting things is that if you do have a history of being an open source contributor, we can go look at all the code that you wrote over the years. And I think it paints a like pretty good picture of like your character and your profile as an engineer or the coder, right? And I think we are looking for- It's your digital DNA. It's your work product. Yeah, and we're looking for somebody who, who like takes pride in building something that is correct in the last two or three percent because the space that we are in, we can't like, you know, be right three nines at a time. Like, you know, like if your hard drive didn't work once every thousand times, you feel your computer was broken. And that's kind of the level that we hold ourselves to. Okay, Sumire, talk about some of the investment trends that Excel is investing in right now. Honestly, Cloud, Enterprise Cloud is interesting. We're going to have Rich Wong on about mobile. What are you seeing? Obviously spent a lot of time in some of the most innovative consumer and web services out there. But, you know, historically, and in recent times have always spent a significant amount of energy thinking about next generation products and services for enterprises. And so today, what we're particularly interested in, we have a big data fund that is all oriented around investing in early stage companies that are really refreshing to hold data analytics and data management stack. And we have a series of investments from seed, you know, through later stage investments that follow that theme. We're also very interested in sort of the next generation of enterprise SaaS. And I have a number of investments in enterprise companies that are delivering applications to enterprise, you know, via the cloud. And then I think this third area is really around the idea of consumerized services for enterprises like Dropbox, like Prezi, you know, very consumer-like services that get adopted through very organic means at enterprises. And we think that there's a variety of different areas in companies where the consumerization of IT still has yet to happen. And we're very excited about companies like that as well. Certainly we're tracking that, consumerization of IT. Final question, Adia, what do you see, what do you want people to know about Dropbox in the next year? Looking back, when we come back to the next symposium or next time we see you on theCUBE, what do you want to do in the next year? What's your major goals in the college to look back and say, hey, it was a successful year. Our team did one, two, and three. It's a really good question. I think that the first thing I want to do is to be able to make sure that we provide a great experience for IT administrators. And we have said this a couple of times, like clearly like Dropbox is a product that seems to have resonated with people at work, right? But I know we have a lot to build for IT administrators. We've started building a lot of it around control and visibility. But again, the bar I want to set for myself is not to think of this as shadow IT or something like that. I want an IT administrator to go up there and be like, this has made handling all the data in my organization so much easier, so much more secure than it ever was, right? That's the kind of bar that we set for our product. The second thing is, I really want to make sure that we continue to provide an amazing experience on mobile. I think that the world is clearly shifting to mobile. I think we want to iterate and prototype on our product a lot quicker to see what are the kinds of things that we could provide in a mobile-centric world that would make people's lives simpler and easier. So those are the two big criteria for success. Well, congratulations to all your success. Dropbox, obviously, continuing doing well.  You guys are now servicing the IT market. Well, it all depends on how big you think the market is. I want to get to 3 billion users. So I feel as though we're still a long way from that. Yeah, and you know what, it's just the beginning. Yeah, it's very much the beginning. We are less than 1% done in my mind. I love the attitude. That's tech athlete here on theCUBE. We'd love it. We'd love to hear that Mojo Dropbox is just the beginning of their journey. This is still going to angle exclusive coverage. Stanford Excel is formed right back with our next guest after this short break. Thank you. Yeah, man, pleasure. Thanks, John. All right.


Presented by the United States Air Forces in Europe. I'm the whistler, and I know many things, for I walk by math. I know many strange terrors, hidden in the hearts of men and women who have stepped into the shadows. Yes, I know the nameless terrors of which they dare not speak. Same story, round-trip tickets. Standing at the window of the cheap hotel room, and looking out over the outline of lights and neon that was Kansas City after sundown, Eve Benton felt a pressing sense of concern that the condition was past she was second. She'd managed before she would manage again some way. But she wasn't thinking of that now. Eve Benton was being sorry for herself, forgetting her good points, the quiet restless beauty in her face, the sullen attractiveness of her teachers. She was annoyed at the city and the world. Her action of raising the windows seemed almost a preparation for the voicing of her resemblance. But the words never came. Instead, other voices nearby caught her interest. $35,000, that's the bill. A lot of money, a lot of money. Ah, that's what a return of retirement debt. $30,000, no questions asked. That's what the insurance company said. Ah, that's what they said.  Listening in ironic amuses. $30,000, one of the men next door said. They're talking in thousands. While you stand so close by wondering where you'll get the money to pay your hotel bill. You start to close the window, and the voices grow suddenly louder and raised in anger. It will work. You can't go away with anything like that. I worry about that part. You just worry about this. You freeze to the spot, don't you, Eve? Your outstretched hand touching the windowsill remains fixed and rigid like a statue.  A man is outlined by the staccato flashing of a neon sign on top of the building next door. He hesitates. Turns to cast the last glance back at the room he just left. You get a clear look at his face, don't you, Eve? And then he starts down the escape steps. You lean out. See the man drop to the ground and disappear into the shadows of the alley below. You wait, staring. Then run out of your room to the hall. The door to the room next door is partially a jar. You run to it and glance inside. A man on the floor, lying very still.  A wallet, isn't it, Eve? Yes, with part of the contents filled out, a few bills and among them a train ticket. Something that you could use. Yes, Eve. A train ticket for the West Coast. San Francisco. Nearly $200 in currencies. It finances you a problem, isn't it?  The fire escape. Sorry, I startled you? Well, no. No, it's just that you look like someone I knew. Now, I have another reason to be sorry that I'm not. You, uh... You just get on this train? The Kansas City, yes. Uh-huh. An interesting place, huh? Yes. Yes, it is. He smiles suddenly. He can even do that. This man pretends to be so nonchalant. So much at ease. You wonder how he would feel if he knew that you'd recognize that you were certain he was the man you saw fleeing from the hotel room next to yours. That you shared his grim secret of... murder. Hey, uh... There's something wrong. What? The way you're staring at me, you said I'm not the guy you thought I was, but is there some other reason? Oh, no. For now, there isn't anything. Uh-huh. With some distance to travel together, there's no reason why we shouldn't become better acquainted now, is there? No. No, there isn't... no reason at all. You're unable to avoid the young man sitting across from you, aren't you? A man who's introduced himself as Frank Gilbert. A man you're certain committed a murder in the hotel room next to yours. By the time you reach Oakland and board the ferry boat, it will take you to San Francisco. The young man has become quite persistent. You know? I do think you're trying to avoid me, Miss Benton. You? Any reason? No, it's just that I've had things on my mind. I've been thinking about a job. Perhaps I can help you. I know lots of people. Well, no, I have something waiting for me in the city. Well, I'll just a thought, huh? In case it doesn't work out. If she'd give me your address. Well, I'm not sure what it will be. Oh. Uh-huh. Well, mine's 4950 California Street. I've got a flat there. I'd really like to see you again. You want only to rid yourself of the persistent Mr. Gilbert, don't you, Ease? Finally, once ashore and in a taxi cab. You feel he's no longer a worry. You register at a small hotel on Gary Street. This missed him from your thoughts. But late the following morning as you're having breakfast in the small diner, you're listening to the radio and something the news announces there. Well, perhaps you were thinking about Frank. We've increased or decreased during the balance of this year. In local news, the Parryman jewelry case has reached a stalemate with the value of still on return. According to private investigator Leonard Quinn, a contact with an underworld character in Kansas City failed to take place. It has since been revealed that the insurance company had made a tentative offer of $30,000. With, as we understand, no questions asked for the return of the necklace to Mr. Quinn or to the home of wealthy Mrs. Evans Parryman in Hillsboro. However... Oh! I wanted to hear that! Oh, shawty, lady. The guy was just about through. What was that name you mentioned, Mrs. Evans, somebody? Parryman. Mrs. Evans Parryman. Lives down at Peninsula. Parryman, I see. You were acquainted with the lady? No. No, but I've heard of the name. Yes, the words of a newscaster set you thinking, didn't they, E? Especially the mention of $30,000. That was the figure you heard Frank Gildy mention in that Kansas City hotel room. Strangely enough, after you've taken a cab to 4950 California Street, walk up the stairs to a splat, you hear the words again. This time over the trance and as Frank talks on the telephone. Quinn, yeah. Well, that $30,000 of the Parryman deal, you get me the money and you'll get the necklace back. Now, that's right. Take a couple of days to contact out of town. Yeah, sure, all right. All right. Yeah? Oh, Eve, how long ago? Hello, Frank.  I thought you looked me up after all that money. Thank you. How'd that job go? Is it all set? Well, no, I, uh, I didn't go there. Well, maybe I can help on that, like I said. I'm sure you can. I'm sure you can help me, Frank. Yeah, anything at all. I'm glad you feel that way. Because I'm referring to this Parryman deal, the $30,000 you're going to get from the Ms. Quinn and the insurance company. What? Mm-hmm. The $30,000 you wanted all for yourself.  I happen to be in the next room. I see. You've got a new partner now, Frankie. Oh, am I? Mm-hmm. And I wouldn't try anything if I were you. I've taken the necessary precautions. Oh, but effective. If something happens to me... Yes, the cops find out about that little accident in KC and they come looking for me, right? Right. Uh-huh. Well, well, well, it looks like I'm, uh, sort of behind the eight-ball, huh? Well, you don't have to stay there if you play it right.  My waiter. Uh-huh. Okay. Have you talked with Quinn? No, no, Frankie, I think you have. Okay, so I talk with him. You think so? I'm just, uh, I go between. Well, naturally you wouldn't tell him you killed a man to get the necklace. I thought of a range which you made with him. Oh, he gives me the dough in a couple of days after I contact the guy with the necklace. I bring it back to him, that's all. Sure. Yeah, I ran a deal like this before with Mr. Quinn. When's he gonna pay off? Tonight. Fine. Well, I'm so settled in. I'll meet you here after you've collected from Quinn. What time? I'll be back by nine. We'll open a bottle of champagne to celebrate. Oh, boy. Naturally. It's your party. See you tonight, Frankie. Nine. It was simple, wasn't it, E? Easier than you thought. And now you're in partnership with a murderer. A temporary partnership, you tell yourself. And it'll be worth $15,000. And that's all you want from Frank Gilbert. After it's over, you'll move on, start a new life. Yes, it was all so simple talking your way into that partnership. But as the day wears on, you begin to wonder about it. Perhaps it was too simple, E. You really hadn't expected Frank to accept your demand so readily. The more you think about it, the more certain you become that you'll bear watching. Early that evening, you hurl it back to his flat. And as your cab turns into California Street, you seek Frank's board of cable cars. Oh, driver. Yes, ma'am. Oh, don't stop. I've changed my mind. I want you to stay close to that streetcar. Yes, ma'am. But not too close. Okay, I guess. At Montgomery Street. You watch Frank step into an office building. Sitting in the cab, you wait, keeping your eyes on the entry. A quarter of an hour goes by. And then he comes out, walks back to the corner, and hops onto a cable car that starts to climb up the hill. A driver. I know. Keep close, but not too close. Exactly, driver. Close, but not too close. You know, lady, it ain't none of my business. You're quite right, driver. It's none of your business. You follow Frank back to his flat. See him hurry inside.  But you want more time to think about it alone. So you tell your cab driver to keep going. Finally, an hour later, you return to Frank's place. Well, hello.  I'll change my mind, Frank. I'd like to go with you when you get the money. Oh, well, uh... That's been called off. Called off? Yeah.  I just got a phone call from Quinn. He said he hadn't had time to get that money from me. Insurance company yet? Oh, I see. Um... Well, sit down for a while. I was looking forward to that champagne. Well, now there's no reason why we can't celebrate in advance. Matter of fact, I was just about to call you. Oh, where are you meeting? Yeah, I thought we might have dinner together, you know, North Beach, Fisherman's Wharf, maybe. That sounds interesting. Yeah? What do you say? I've always wanted to see Fisherman's Wharf. Fine, let's start there then, eh? All right. Oh, say, there's a nice little restaurant on Broadway that you'll like. It's got the best-veiled scallopini in town. Oh, I'm sure I'll love it, whatever it is. All right. Oh, uh, Frank. Yeah? My gloves, I must have left them on the chair. Oh, sure, I got it. The moment he turns around and steps back into the room, you release the lock on the door. Now you won't need a key, will you, Will? Then quickly you reach down and tear a hole in your stocking. In a moment, Frank will return. There we are. Oh, thanks. All set. All set. Oh, dear. What's the matter? Oh, will you look at that a run in my stocking? Just look at it. Ah, yeah. That's quite a run. Thanks, it's been a long time. My best fear. You won't mind stopping by my hotel for a moment, will you? Of course not. Let's go. At your hotel, you leave Frank waiting in the cab parked at the entrance while you hurry inside the crowded lobby and right on out the door on the other side.   Yes. You'll proof of that now. You hurry back to your hotel room. You put in a phone call to the railroad station. Check the trains leaving town and make your reservations. As you hang up the receiver... Yes? I got you wondering about you, sweetheart. Frank, I'm sorry I took so long, but I had a phone call. Oh. My, uh, my brother. This one? Yes, and not too good, I'm afraid. My father's had another attack. I'm terribly worried. Oh, it's too bad. Frank, about tonight I don't feel much like celebrating you on this day. Oh, sure. I wouldn't be much company. Don't give it another thought, baby. We'll have dinner tomorrow night. Oh, I think. I'm really sorry. Sure, I'll see you tomorrow, huh? You watch from your hotel window. See Frank get into the cab and drive away. Quickly you pack your things and check out of the hotel. It's two hours before your train leaves. Time to have dinner. But first there's one thing you must do.  From the moment you found the $30,000 in Frank's flat. You step into a phone booth and call the police department. I want to report a murder, officer. They're all in hotel in Kansas City five days ago. The killer is here in town. What? He's arranged a deal with Leonard Quinn, a private investigator. Anything to do with the Paramon Necklace robbery? Everything. The party I'm talking about is the Paramon Necklace, Austin, man who was killed in Kansas City. Uh, go ahead. I suggest you contact Mr. Quinn. Get him to tell you who he's made that deal with and you will have the killer. Will you give me your name, ma'am? No, I won't. Goodbye. Now you're settled comfortably on the train for Los Angeles. It moves out of the station. Rumble through the outskirts of San Francisco. Lean back and close your eyes. It's an exciting day, hasn't it, Eve?  And then suddenly you're awake again. You're staring at the headlines of the newspaper and the hands of the man sitting opposite you. Man murdered in Kansas City, Ohio, linked by police with theft of Paramon Necklace. Cold wave of fear sweeps over you. Then you lower the paper. Hello, sweetheart. Thanks. Surprise? Switchboard operator at your hotel just couldn't resist the tense spot. I see. Sounds cute enough, me. Wasn't very smart of you to walk out with my 30,000, either. And what were you going to do? Oh, you got me all wrong, honey. I was going to surprise you. Now bet. Okay. So we can just try to double-cross the other. What do you say we call it even now and split the money between us? All right, Frank. Look, we ought to try to get along. Sweetheart, you have something on me, but I can make trouble for you if I want to. How can you? You're in this as much as I am. Now I can always say you helped me do that job in Kansas City. Our coincidental appearances would make it pretty hard for you to deny. Yes, I guess it's worth it, that. Oh, let's just bury the hatches, huh? I still have to turn in the neck. I sure know we can go back to San Francisco in a couple of days. Why not? And after that, we can do the town together, baby. You have a lot of laughs. You know, I could have hunched this partnership could turn out okay. I was just thinking the same thing, Frank. We'll just forget the past and go near the future. All right. A bright future for both of us, Sweetheart. You play it smart. Don't worry, Frank. I intend to play it smart. It was a shock to find Frank Gilday on the train to Los Angeles after you thought you'd slipped away from him in San Francisco with a $30,000 all for yourself. But now he's on the train with you. And though he's agreed to an even split, you're certainly have plans to get the full $30,000 from him.  You listen attentively as Frank steps several highballs and continues to talk about your bright future as his partner. Some time after midnight, the club car now deserted, except for you and Frank. You decide it's time to put your plan into action. You yawn, say goodnight. Leave Frank alone in the club car. Next morning, when the train pulls into Los Angeles, you will have the $30,000 safely tucked into your suitcase, and you're certain it's all yours. You're still confident that the police board the train, talk quietly to some of the passengers. Finally, the lieutenant comes around to you. Yes, that's right, miss. According to the conductor, this man talked with you in the club car last night for quite a while. Will you say he fell off the train, lieutenant? How terribly he seemed like such a nice young man, too. You didn't know him before on it? Well, no, no, I never even seen him. We chatted in the club car for a while, just trading conversations. Yeah, I see. Hey, lieutenant. What? How do you reporters hear things so quickly? We've got to keep our readers up on what's happening in our little old world. Come on, lieutenant, I want this to hit the next edition. What's with this guy who fell off the train? Where did it happen? Just out of San Luis Obispo, and he didn't fall. He was pushed. No, pushed. What makes you think that, lieutenant? Yeah, what's this all about? The San Francisco police got a tip last night. A phone call from a woman about a payoff. A private investigator hired as a go-between was making a deal for the paramount necklace that the party this woman said killed a man in Kansas City. Another killing? Yeah. Looks like the investigator and the party that had the necklace agreed to meet on this train for the payoff. Quinn completed his part in the deal, all right? Because when his body was found, the paramount necklace was in his pocket. Quinn? Yes. The man who was pushed off the train, Leonard Quinn. You mean the man I was talking to was a private investigator? That's right. He told me his name was Frank Gilby. Well, Quinn probably wanted to keep his identity covered until he completed the deal. I see. Quinn was the last person to leave the club car. A killer must have opened one of the outside doors between cars. Then waited on the platform, and when Quinn came along, pushed him off the train. Do you think the killer who pushed Quinn off the train was a Kansas City killer, too? Well, that's what the woman who tipped us off told us. Now all we have to do is search the passengers and examine their luggage and everything. I get it. And if you find the 30 grand, we'll have our killer. Oh, I'm sorry to bother you, Miss, but as long as we're here, we might as well start with you. When it's again next week, and once again, the United States Air Forces in Europe presents the list of Air Force Sergeant Don Cormier speaking.


உள்ளே ஆமநிள்ளை வணக்கம் என்னுடைய தெரியாக ஜாஜன்வஹ பிரியமாணிக்கு ஒப்படி. இல்லை வேண்டும் எதிப்படியே சார்விப்படியிற்குத் திழ wash. மாதைப்படி விருவய்யாளர மநெல்லை conspir. ஷத்தம் இனிமுடன் தொழிது மlerini நாடுத்துகாப்பின், சகரிந்தildeற்சி குழிலாக மாற்று ஒப்ப நினைப்பில் வீகிர்சியில் வந்திதால், செல்லாடைய YuESTRO immediately என்னருந்து போனை எல்லாம் சிந்திருட்டுச் செல்ல aromawaszero. மிக்க நினைப்பு போன disorders போன விடுட்டுமுகள் சந்திருட்டுச் சிந்திருக்குத் தன்மாணி தருமதி ஏற்பியில் மின்னொரு நூட்டுவாளிகள் ஆசிந்தரரு. ஆனாலும் ஆக்கும் ஆக்கக்idadோகு மருத்துடமே சாப்பி வணக்குகிடக்சு அனைசெய்மொல்ளியாக முதலப்பும் நடூங்கள் அண்ணும்.非常的 புரத்துத்தால்,抵ோச நடூங்களுக்கும் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல் சிக்கல of the different elements. Now just to reinforce the fact about isotopes, I thought I will just present you the isotopes of hydrogen. Hydrogen, you know what we know is one, which has one proton and one electron, so this called is a normal hydrogen. matches and deuterium or the heavy hydrogen as it called, it has 1 neutron added in the nucleus. When you go to Mixing Triction, we have 2 neutral added but the number of electrons and the number of protons remain the same which decides the chemical property. Here, you will be surprised, deuterium is not a radioactive one, but tritium is a beta குளுவுகள் வப்ப이어த்தணன் முணத்ணும் சென்றுவிட்டார்acingcheers சுளைகளை வேலை, மல பிரச்சியக்கல் எழும்தின Phzenia கணனolate பளந்தைக் கொண்டுகிறீர்கள்.  உண்டு இந்தக்டாய் அழகாக என்னுடைய பச்சல் வந்து, மெடம் குரி சுணம் வந்து இட்தம் கொன்றுவிட்டிற்கு, bad guys, அப்படியென்றால் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொல்லில் சொ விருந்து காத்திருக்கிறார்கள். இது விருந்து காத்திரியின் வருகிறார்கள். இது காத்திரியின் வருகிறார்கள். இந்த வ இயதற்காக நமங்களை மாசியதையாக வைத்துக்கொள்ளிலிருந்து அம்மாம்படிச் செய்யுங்கள். பிரகாதனம்ем இப்படி akray emails, இசைபுக்கும் பார்த்துக் கொண்டியாக ர tricks அப்புக்கும் பாரட்சனர்கள் வேண்டும், நேரம் செய்யிற்று report உங்களுக்கும் சரந்தன, மேல் ஆத்தில் மற்றுறு மற்றும் எடுத்த மேர் விடம்ணம் செய்துகொள்ளின் தொடங்கள் மேர்கள்வின் DooT நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக்க நம்பிக் ஆ equip பிள்ளis 175. இருப்பநிராட்சி, பதிர்தி அறிக்கு அந்த விட்டத்து? ஏதனை எதற்காக இருக்கிறாள இந்த வெண்ணாட்சிகள் எப்படியில், நீங்கில் ஏற்று ஏற்று அனி ஠ாடம் உள்ளவரையானவற்றை எல்லா வகு அவற்று கணவு நடர்வு வகு விதல் நடர்கிறாள? 0 0 8 9 8 6 and this mass defect whichever is there you know by the instance theory of relativity any mass can be converted energy and the energy will be mc squared so here this mass defect converted to energy form is that energy that would be released when z protons and a minus z neutrons are brought together to form a nucleus. Now if we are able to give the same energy to the nucleus that energy will be able to break the nucleus that is basically the neutrons and protons and this is what is what we are doing in the fission reaction and this energy equivalent of mass defect is what is term as the binding energy of the nucleus that is this is the energy which binds the neutrons and protons together just to repeat when z protons and a minus z neutrons are brought together there is an amount of energy needed to bring them together and now if we are able to give the same energy and able to break it then that is what we call as the fission it can it leads to the breaking of the atom. Now if we look at the velocity of light we know it is about 2.998 into 10 to the power of 10 centimeters per second and if we calculate the energy in uggs mass into this squared this should be c squared not so this is a squared term on the 8.980 of 20. Now if we convert from uggs to mvv this is what we get we got e energy in mvv binding energy is equal to 931 into the mass defect. And now let us consider u235 which is a very common fissile atom the mass is 235.1175 and the atomic number as you know is 92 so if we calculate the binding energy as per the formula which we saw it comes out to something like 7.35 mvv per nucleon so nucleon means a neutron plus proton so the binding energy for an atom of or a binding energy of per nucleus of uranium 235 is 7.35 mvv. Now let us have a look at the binding energy for different elements of different mass numbers. You see the curve starts somewhere around 5 mvv per nucleon it goes up and then more or less steady but it slides these tubes down. Here you have find something like a peak is somewhere and this is for iron and in reality iron is the most stable element to the left and the right are not that stable. In other words you require a very high binding energy energy you have to give to break an iron. Now these higher mass number elements what happens their binding energy is less whereas this side the binding energy is very much less so here everything would like to go to a stable state so elements on this side atoms would break mostly by fission and try to come this way and become stable whereas the lighter elements like helium or hydrogen or lithium they will get fused together to come to a higher level of binding energy and become more stable and so these elements can contribute to fusion these elements can contribute to fission so this is where the binding energy concept is useful to explain fission or a fusion. Now what is a fission reaction when a neutron is able to transfer an amount of energy which is more than the binding energy of that element or atom then the nucleus breaks because something more than the binding energy so it breaks and it breaks up into two lighter nuclei because in heavy one it has become into two lighter nuclei and this process of breaking of an atom by a neutron is called as fission it is fissioning breaking so that is what it is and this lighter nuclei which are formed they are called as either fission products or they also called as fission fragments. So if we take the which are the elements which are fissionable they are uranium 233 uranium 235 and plutonium 239 these are fissile fissionable by neutrons of all energies. Now one must note here out of these three uranium 235 alone is found in nature uranium 233 is not found in nature but is obtained by converting thorium 232 in a nuclear reactor similarly plutonium 239 again is a man-made one wherein uranium 238 absorbs a neutron and gives converted to plutonium 239 after certain radioactive elements decay so now these two are artificially produced fissile isotopes this is to give a pictures idea of what happens you see a neutron is hitting uranium 235 then it becomes uranium 236 atom and then this is unstable it results into barium and krypton and also it gives on an average about 2 to 3 neutrons besides the fission products it releases 2 to 3 neutrons. How much energy is getting released in fission if you look up we said uranium 235 splits up into two fission products fission product A and fission product B plus some energy. Now we saw that the mean binding energy of uranium 235 is about 7.35 MeV so we can say that 92 protons plus 143 neutrons is uranium 235 plus 235 into 7.35 MeV. Now the mass number of the fission products are in the normally in the range of 95 to 140 you can say half the that range 240 means around 120 so if you take a binding energy of a nucleon which is having a mass number of 120 it is about 8.5 MeV. So I can say this 92 protons plus 143 neutrons are giving fission products A and B plus 235 into 8.5 MeV. If you just take these expressions and subtract you get uranium 235 will give fission products A and B plus 200 MeV. In other words, in one fission of uranium to the tibia atom you get 200 million electron volts of energy. This is a quite good amount of energy. Now how this energy in what form it is 80% of this fission energy appears as a kinetic energy the fission fragments and this get manifested as the heat. We say heat produced in a fission reaction is this so 80% of that is getting converted to heat. Now the fission fragments if you take they you know that they are unstable they are not completely stable they take some more steps so they have stable after some beta decay and it goes through a chain of reactions. What is the distribution of this total energy of 200 MeV if you look up the fission fragments as I said is about 80% about 165 MeV. Then this fission neutrons we saw 3 neutrons 2 to 3 neutrons being generated they carry some energy with them then there are some instantaneous gammas which about 7 MeV. This beta particles which are emitted they carry about 7 MeV, gammas about 6 MeV and we have neutrinos about 10 MeV. This neutrinos are similar to electrons they have the same masses electrons but they do not have any charge. So this is another part of an atom. Now we saw that neutron has interactions with nucleus of different atoms and in some cases it produces fission. In some other in all cases it does not produce fission then what must be happening maybe in some cases it may be getting just absorbed it may not really produce a breaking up or it may absorb or it may just hit it may scatter. So the processes are something like absorption and having fission or just absorption or it could be scattering. Now we must have a measure of how much ability to fission, how much ability to absorb, how much ability to scatter. So we use a terminology called as cross section. So interaction of these neutrons with different nuclei is denoted by the term cross section. So as I said we have got cross section for fission, cross section for absorption and scattering. Now the fission cross sections are again a function of the neutron energy. Here you can see neutron energy is put here in logarithmic cell 0.001, 1000 and 10 rest of 6. You see the cross section is high here and it comes down. What does this explain? When the energy of the neutron is low there is sufficient time for it to interact and you know transfer the energy. So the possibility of a fission reaction is more when the neutron is slow or having a low energy level. As it comes down, increases the neutron energy you see the cross section comes down. Then here there are some variations but if you come to the other side here this region beyond about 1 MeV is called as the fast neutron region. Here the cross sections are very low. This area is what is known as the intermediate region or the epithermal region. There are certain energy levels where there is a resonance between the hitting neutron and the atoms or the nucleus which are getting hit and under certain conditions they reinforce each other and the cross sections increase. So that is only a small region but major interest for us would be this and this. Not that fission is not possible, fission is possible here, possible here, possible here but the probability of fission is more here in the lower energy range and probability of fission here is less but fission is possible at all energies. Now reactors which operate with the slow energy neutrons are called thermal neutrons which operate in the fast neutron region are called fast neutrons. Now let us look, you have the fission, surely when neutrons are produced they have a very high energy, they get slowed down because of many other reactions. Now if I take a fission to happen in any material for that matter whether it is plutonium 239 or uranium 235 with a high probability I require a slow neutron. So what I do, I have some material which can absorb the energy of the neutron and then slow it down. So this process is called as neutron moderation. We moderate the neutron. If we look at which are the possible moderators, light water itself, all hydrogenous materials are very good moderators. Light water is a very good choice, it scatters the neutrons, the light water absorbs some energy, of course it does not cause fission there. And then the neutron is sent back with lesser energy. But as I said there are three types, it could be fission, it could be absorption, scattering. Absorption is more than the scattering, even though it does scatter, absorption is significant. The other one is the heavy water which is D2O. வாட்வாண்டைத்தை of this over light water is, it is having little absorption but a good scattering. So really speaking when you want to compare the moderating material, you try to compare which has got a better scattering by absorption. D2O, because absorption is going to be less, your ratio will be high. That is also sometimes referred to as the moderating ratio. But the absorption of deuterium, of the neutron by deuterium, it does produce tritium and you know tritium is a beta emitter. So it is a bit hazardous. Then the other one is beryllium. Beryllium has got a low absorption and reasonably good scattering cross section. Again beryllium dust if it is inhaled, it can cause lung problems. But of course we are not going to get in the reactor and inhale the beryllium. Last but not the least, graphite. Again it is similar to beryllium. But one problem with graphite is it can catch fire. You know graphite is after a carbon, an electronic form of carbon. So it can catch fire. Now another problem is all neutrons may not get slowed down. Some fast neutrons may still get escaped and they can cause the segregation of the graphite items. And in some cases this fast neutron energy which gets into the graphite, it can accumulate. And this accumulation at a certain temperature or energy level, it is possible that it can come out as a spurt. And if the value of the energy is high, it can really catch fire in the graphite. This is actually called as Wigner effect based on the scientists who found out this effect. So we generally see to it that annealing of the graphite is done so that there is no stored energy possible. Now one more characteristic of this fission process is what we call as decay heat. It is also called as residual heat. That means we are operating the reactor with the fission reaction. Fission reactions are producing heat. Now we stop the fission reaction. How do you stop the fission reaction? We put a absorbing material, neutron absorbing material. So the fission reaction stops. No neutrons are coming out. Then, but still this fission products which have been produced in the fission, they continue to decay. And in the decay process they produce heat and this heat is not small. It is quite considerable. Giving an idea, it depends on how much the reactor is operated because the amount of time the reactor is operated shows how much of fission products accumulation is there and how much time after the shutdown, both these factors. So here if you look, let us say a reactor is operated for one week and after shutdown it will produce about 0.055 or about 5.5%. And slowly in one day it will come down to 3.5%. Suppose it has operated for a year it will be about 5.8% then about 0.66% here. So slowly it will come down. Now this means heat is continuing to be produced even after shutdown. So this aspect is very important to be recognized. You take a coal-fired plant, the moment you stop coal-firing there is no heat produced. The whole thing starts cooling whereas here this heat is very important. So we need to keep, have a coolant to remove heat even after the reactor is shut off. We saw that in one fission reaction, one atom goes and hits a nuclei of an uranium-235 and on average it produces about 2 to 3 neutrons. Now out of these 2 to 3 neutrons, some may get absorbed, some may get, you know some may cause fission and the absorption could be either in the fuel itself or it may get any structures. You know you have got lot of material, the materials may just absorb. So finally if one more fission reaction is to occur, one neutron must be less out of the, out of the three. So out of every fission reaction, one more neutron is able to be available for fission like that. So it is like a chain, chain of fission reaction, this is called as a chain reaction. And in every one, one fission, next fission, suppose you have 10 neutrons, 10 fissions, continues. If you have 100 neutrons, 100 fissions continue. So this way the chain reaction continues, sustained chain reaction as we say. This sort of a situation that means in each generation the same number of neutrons are causing fission. So this is called as the ratio is called as the multiplying factor and here it is 1. For a sustained reaction k is equal to 1 and k, this multiplication factor is defined as the neutron production from fission in one generation to the neutron absorption in the preceding generation. Now this is okay as a definition but in a real reactor leakages will be happening. So the effective multiplication factor needs to take the leakage into account. So when it multiplied by the leakage factors, that is what we called as the k effective, that is effective multiplication factor. Now I mentioned to you about a self-sustained reaction, chain reaction causing fission. When the reactor has got a self-sustained fission reaction, we call it as critical, reactor is critical. Unfortunately this name or terminology as critical does create a sense of fear in the minds of the people. But I always used to say when reactor becomes critical, we as nuclear scientists are very happy. But any person who reads the newspaper and says, oh reactor is critical, he gets disturbed. But anyway this is just a terminology. So if you say nuclear reactor is critical, don't get afraid, be happy. So in this condition the overall neutron population in each generation remains same. It is neither increasing, neither decreasing. But suppose let us say the neutron production is high, means absorption leakage was less, so it was high. Then your neutron population will increase in one from one generation to other. That we call it as a supercritical condition. That means the multiplying factor k effective is greater than 1. So it is called as supercritical and it is not correct to allow the reactor to become supercritical. We should control. So that's why the control element is required. Again alternatively the other, if suppose let us say the neutron absorption leakage or high neutron production is not that much, then there will be a decrease of the neutron population and in that case we refer to it as a subcritical condition. That means k effective is less than 1. So we saw three things. k effective is equal to 1 means it is a self-sustained chain reaction continuing. If k effective is greater than 1, that means the reactor power is going to increase because more neutrons are available now. And if k effective is less, the fusion reaction is coming down, that's what it means. But now one thing which normally people tend to confuse, criticality is referring only to your neutron balance. Everything is fine. Your reactor will be critical when it is producing say 5 megawatts, when it is producing 10 megawatts. Maybe when it is producing 10 megawatts, your neutron production, the number of neutrons interacting will be more. Let us say 5 neutrons are interacting at 5 megawatts about to be 10 neutrons. So 10 neutrons giving rise to another 10 neutrons, 30 neutrons, but then again 10 are available for the next mission, it continues. So here also k is 1, there also k was 1. So criticality should not be confused with power. It is referring to the neutron balanced condition. Now there is one term called as reactivity, which nuclear scientists and physicists use very frequently. So hence it is essential for us if you have to appreciate. Now reactivity is a measure of how much your reactor is away from the criticality condition. So in other words, whether it is becoming supercritical or whether it is becoming subcritical. So what is the measure of this? How do we get this reactivity? Let us look at, let us say there are n0 neutrons in the first generation. Then there will be n0 into k effective neutrons in the next generation. So what is the change? n0 into k effective minus n0. Now this, if I express it as a function of n0 into k effective, what I get? A quantity called as k effective minus 1 by k effective. This is called as reactivity. And believe it, it has no units, k effective has no units, it is just a factor. So this reactivity is a measure to tell whether the reactor is getting into supercritical or getting into subcritical. Now how does the reactivity change in a reactor? Is it always constant? What are the things which go and change this reactivity? Now essentially, let us take the fuel. Fuel is the one which is getting fission and releasing neutrons. Let us say you have a certain amount of fissile element concentration in the beginning and the reactor is operating for some time. As it operates for some time, your fissile neutron availability is becoming less. So even if you have neutrons for fission, number of fissile atoms available are less. So there is no fission. So fission will not happen. That means this effectively will not produce neutrons. So that means there will be a fall in the reactivity. Similarly, let us take temperature. Now initially, when you are starting the reactor, things are cool condition. As the reactor power goes up, your fuel temperature goes up. Now any material, when the temperature goes up, it expands. But the mass of the fissile atoms remain same. But what is happening, the amount of fissile atoms per unit volume has come down because it is now occupying more space. So in one unit volume, the number of fissile atoms available are less now. So this gives a negative reactivity effect. Similarly, let us say if some neutron-absorbering material falls into the core, like boron, it will absorb the neutron then also or in either material which has got a neutron absorption, this can cause a negative reactivity. Similarly, let us take control rod. When I said boron, you have the control rods made of boron or cadmium. When you insert the control rod into the core, it is going to absorb more and more neutrons. This is a negative effect. So to quantify all these, each effect, we try to define reactivity coefficients. For example, if moderator temperature changes and there is a reactivity change, we call this that as moderator temperature reactivity coefficient. Then fuel temperature increase. So fuel temperature reactivity coefficient. If it is a coolant, if it is a structure like that. So the net effect on the reactivity is taken by considering all these constituents. Let us look at it in a more systematic way. Now this is the reactor core and as I mentioned, any reactivity change, if there is a net reactivity, as long as it is a critical reactor, the reactivity is zero. But if there is a change, it goes to the positive or negative, then this reactor power will change. If the reactor power changes, the fuel temperature will change, the coolant temperature will change, the moderator temperature will change. And let us say the coolant leaks out, loss of coolant, then coolant voiding takes place. Again, that is another type of effect. So the net total of all these feedback reactivities with combined with your control rod decides what is the net reactivity to the reactor core. Now just to give you an idea, this coolant voiding was one effect which caused a net positive reactivity in the case of the Chernobyl accident. And the power really rose to very high levels. So one of the important things is to keep this void coefficient as slow as possible and preferably negative. The total under any circumstances should not form, become positive. So this has to be maintained. Now in the case of 3 mile island accident in USA also, there is a loss of coolant. Again, there is a fuel melting. So in both these cases, the effects were not very simply in one case it was over power whereas in this case it was shut down. It was only having the decay heat which could not be removed whereas here it was over power. We saw about the how many neutrons are emitted once a neutron is absorbed by a fissile nucleus. This number is a function of the energy of the neutrons and let us look at this number for the three fissile elements uranium-235, uranium-233 and plutonium-239. If you look here, uranium-233 appears to be the highest and uranium-235 low. Plutonium and uranium-235 are nearly having the same ratio. This ratio is actually called as eta. That is the number of neutrons emitted once a neutron is absorbed by a fissile nucleus. Now here this is the resonance region but in the fast region if you see plutonium-239 has the highest eta. Again followed by uranium-233 and uranium-235 is but now you look at here eta is very close to 2. Now what does this eta really tell us? Now we saw that more than 2 to around 2 to 3 neutrons per fission are released in a fission normally. Now out of this some may get absorbed in non-fissile, non-fission reactions and at least one must be available for fission. So suppose let us say eta was 2. If eta was 2, one will be available for absorption, one for fission. But if suppose you have more than 2, this excess neutron if we can get into an element like uranium-238 or thorium-232 then we can get plutonium-239 or uranium-233. This conversion of a fertile element into a fissile element is what is called as breeding. We breed. So that means we must choose a fuel which has got more and more eta. That means it has got lot of spare neutrons after fission for breeding. So if you look very obvious plutonium and that too in the fast neutron spectrum that is the reason why fast reactors, most of them use plutonium-239 and or convert uranium-238 to plutonium-239. So this is a very important concept of breeding. Now we saw in a graph, you just look at numbers. I have given two classifications. One is neutron energy less than 0.025 electron volts that we call as the slow neutrons or the thermal neutrons. In this uranium-233, the eta value is 2.29. Uranium-238 is 2.07 and plutonium-239 is 2.14. So really speaking, if you see, breeding is at all possible with uranium-233. Uranium-235 practically nil. There is very little left. But with fast neutrons, say more than 100 keV, you have a figure of eta of 2.31 for uranium-233, 2.1 for uranium-235 and 2.45 for uranium-239. So here you can see that breeding with plutonium-239 is a very good thing. And if I want to convert thorium-232 and use it uranium-233, then I can either work in the thermal reactor or a fast reactor. They are quite close. I could have thorium breeders and whereas uranium-238 breeders will be surely better possible only with the fast reactors. So in what is the fast reactors? In the fast reactors, the fission is by fast neutrons. So let us see. Fast neutrons fission is only by fast neutrons are going to cause fission in the fast reactors. But their probability of fission is low compared to a thermal reactor. So you have to have an increased amount of fissile elements beginning itself. What is after all the total reaction? The probability of a fission into the number of fissile elements. Probability of fission is less. You increase the number of fissile elements, then you have the same amount of reaction. So that is why fast reactors use enriched fuel or they use enriched uranium. They are enriched or more of fissile elements like plutonium. Now natural uranium if you look up contains only 0.7% of uranium-235 and 99.3% is uranium-235. If you suppose do not have fast reactors, what are we going to do with the uranium-238? We are just going to call it as a waste and not use it. But if I use it in a fast reactor, I can convert it to uranium-238 effectively into plutonium-239. And that is why effective utilization of the natural uranium resources is possible only with fast reactors. And in India we have limited natural uranium resources and it is very imperative on us that we should go for fast reactors. Regarding thorium, we saw that the eta value was less. When the eta value was less, the breeding potential is also less. So we in India are using at the first level plutonium-239 uranium-238 breeders so that we will produce more amount of fuel which can be used in a large number of reactors. So our nuclear base of the nuclear program will be able to increase faster. And we will just take up thorium in the next stage. Now in this lecture we have tried to cover the basics of the fission reaction. We also mentioned that the chance of fission is more with neutrons of lower energy or slow called as thermal neutrons. So you need to reduce the energy of the neutrons from its production. At that time the neutron energy is high so you have to moderate. Of course in a fast reactor moderators will not be there. The fission is only by the fast neutrons. Then we looked at the concept of criticality where the multiplication factor is 1. We also saw criticality refers only to the neutron balance doesn't have anything to do with the power. A reactor at any power is a critical state. Then we looked at the concept of decay heat production. Why this concept of decay heat production is very important? Even after the reactor shutdown heat continues to be produced and if this heat is not removed the fuel can melt. And fuel can fail and come out. That's what happened in the Three Mile Island and Fukushima. So that's why even when we are handling fuel after being utilized in the reactor we need to really have cooling. Then we saw the concept of reactivity. And how this reactivity changes based on the fuel, the coolant, the coolant void etc. Finally last but not the least we looked at how breeding happens in a nuclear reactor and why breeders are necessary for effective utilization of the resources of natural uranium. Thank you.


Okay, so what we got here is a 2019 Chevy Silverado Custom Trail Boss. You'll notice right away that it's got a very rugged stance and of course that the two-inch factory lift really adds on to it. It makes it a little bit higher off the ground but it still you know it looks like it's ready to off-road and means business. One thing right away is the Chevrolet written across the front of it. It's stylized like that to kind of make it kind of look old-fashioned but at the same time it's it's you know stylish and rugged and ready to go. So opening up the hood here right away we got ourselves a 5.3 liter V8 engine produces 355 horsepower and 383 pound-foot torque so that'll be great haul in the trailer around. Continuing over here across the truck we have ourselves our front floor face events so what that does is it takes the airflow sweeps it away from the truck and it increases your fuel efficiency and your aerodynamics so that'll be great passing those pumps. Right here we have ourselves kind of like a fuzzy material that's our acoustic sound barrier and the wheel wells so that cuts down the road noise and it makes your ride a lot more comfortable. So moving along the back here we got ourselves our new deeper and wider corner steps from the 2018 models so what it does for you is that the handle up here you're able to no matter what boot you're wearing get up in the truck and get out of it efficiently and quickly. Alright so moving to the back here you'll notice right away if you pass it in here our easy lift tailgate so it just opens real comfortably and easily on the own and you'd be able to load the truck real quick. Something also too is that they're aluminum and they're real light so it's just a little bit more comfortable. You're gonna notice right away here with our Z71 off-road package those red Rancho monochop tubes you'll have that peace of mind that you'll know that like you still have that good suspension when you hit the off-road and you're gonna be on your way. Alright so looking here right now we have ourselves a capless gas tank so what that does for you is instead of fumbling around the gas cap especially on a cold day like today with cold hands you can just put the nozzle right in pump it up with gas and continue on your way so that'd be real convenient. Alright so we'll just hop right in the truck here and I'll go to the side here and so what we have here right away is our trailer break system here so it's integrated into the truck so what it does for you is that increases or decreases the gain in the brakes which of course will make your trailer experience a lot more enjoyable. What we also have here is our hill descent control what that's gonna do for you is especially if you got that big trailer behind you going down the hill instead of you having to ride the brake the whole way down it'll it'll keep it at a constant speed and it'll just be safe for you so wouldn't that be great. Alright.


Personal finance PowerPoint presentation. What is insurance? Get ready to get financially fit by practicing personal finance. Insurance is a tool to help us to mitigate or lower risk. We could think about a whole bunch of different kinds of insurance, but the general rule is that we're purchasing the insurance in order to help mitigate or lower risk. It's also a little bit different, a little bit abstract when we compare it to other goods and services that we might buy, because normally when we buy goods and services, we get the goods and services at the point in time that we pay for them. With the insurance, we're getting a service that we expect to be getting in the future. So normally when you pay for something like even a service, when you pay for the utility bill, you had already used the utilities. When you pay for the phone bill, you already used the phone, and now you're being charged for the usage of it that you have already received. With the insurance, you're gonna get the coverage out into the future. You're gonna get covered a month or a year, for example, out into the future. You're also being covered for an event, for example, that might trigger the insurance that you're hoping won't happen. For example, if you buy car insurance, then the insurance company might pay you if an accident happens to cover the costs in that event. But you're hoping that an accident doesn't happen, and if an accident doesn't happen, that doesn't mean that the insurance company didn't actually give you something because the insurance company is giving you risk protection. So you're buying risk protection with the insurance in the event that something happens in the future that would have the financial costs. Obviously there could be other costs with something like a car accident, but the recompensation that we can get from something like an insurance company has to be in the form of generally dollars that cover us from a financial perspective. So it's a way to manage our risk when buying insurance, we purchase protection against unexpected future losses. So we've got future losses, and we're saying, hey, this future loss could be significant if it were to happen. What's the likelihood of it happening, and then how can I mitigate that risk with the use of insurance? The insurance company pays us or someone we choose if a covered event happens. So the car insurance, for example, if we're covering against a car accident, if that event happened, we had a car accident, then the financial conditions with relation to it might be something that would be covered. That's when the insurance company would pay out. So if we have no insurance and event that would have been covered happens, we may be responsible for the related costs. So if we got in a car accident and we didn't have any insurance, we may still be responsible for the costs and they could be significant for us to handle because we weren't really planning for that event to happen. So in order to mitigate that, we can have the insurance. So having the right insurance can reduce risks you face. So clearly insurance is therefore gonna be a significant component that we wanna manage well so that we can mitigate certain risks. And insurance policy is a written contract between the policy holder, the person or company that gets the policy and the insurer, the insurance company, the policy holder is not necessarily the insured. So it might be the case that the policy holder is the insured person, but it's not necessarily the case. An individual or company can get an insurance policy making them the policy holder to protect another person or entity who is the insured. So for example, a company buys life insurance for an employee that employee is the insured and the company is the policy holder in that case. Insurance reduces our financial risk. Imagine driving a car, we hit someone that damages our car. So if we're driving a car, we hit something, our car has been damaged. If we have the right kind of auto insurance, the insurance company will pay the costs of the car repairs minus the deductible. So the deductible is the amount that we would have to pay so when we get the insurance, we gotta think about that deductible amount, the portion we have to pay. So what if the plumbing breaks ruin everything in a room? Typically, if we have homeowners or renters insurance, the insurance company will pay to replace some or all of the damage property once we pay the deductible. So we might have homeowners insurance or renters insurance, for example, if there was some catastrophe that happened, if a water pipe breaks or something, then hopefully that would be something that would be covered. You can see of course that insurance is typically gonna be something that we would want to cover those large type of items, those large items that are unexpected possibly that we hope will not happen. But if they did, they would cause a significant financial hardship and therefore significant financial problem for us. And therefore something we might want to safeguard against even though we're hoping the likelihood of it actually happening being low. However, insurance policies will only pay for things that are described in the policy. So it's important for us to understand what our actual risks are, which could differ between our lifespan, different times in our life and where we live and so on and what our occupations are and so on. So we wanna make sure that we're covered for the specific things that we know we're covered for. So therefore it's important we read a policy to carefully before we buy it. So when we get the policy, we wanna make sure that it's covering us for the things that we know that it's covering us for. So how insurance policy works. Insurance policies are usually in place for a specific period of time. So it's gonna be very specific because you gotta know whether or not something's covered in the policy. So you might get a policy that's gonna be a month by month policy or a year policy, for example. So this is referred to as the policy term. At the end of the term, we need to renew the policy or buy a new one. So typically we'll be renewing the policy as we go generally unless we don't need the insurance anymore. So when we buy an insurance policy, part of our responsibility includes paying a fee called a premium. Some premiums are paid monthly like health insurance. So now we're thinking about paying the premiums for the policies. We might pay the premiums on a monthly basis for something like the health insurance. Others can be paid once or twice a year like the auto or homeowners insurance. So the car insurance, sometimes we pay on a yearly basis. Sometimes it's cheaper like many things to be paying on a yearly type of basis if you are able to do that. The cost of your premium usually depends on how much of a risk we are to the insurance company. So it gets complicated to determine how much you're going to pay. So that's where it gets a little, because everything seems a bit abstract. You're saying, okay, we're getting an insurance like car insurance for an event that may happen in the future, but we're hoping it won't happen. But I have to buy the insurance to mitigate that. How do I value how much is an appropriate price to be paying for the insurance company? And obviously the insurance companies use complex actuarial kind of calculation tables, different kind of estimation tables to determine how likely that's going to be happening. And that's how we're going to come up with basically the price of the insurance. In addition to the premiums, most insurance policies include a deductible. A deductible is the amount we have to pay first before the insurance company pays their share. So now we can start thinking about different mixing and matching between different policies in terms of how much it would cost with regards to the risk and then adding in the factor of the deductible, meaning that's the amount that if the, if covered event happens, I would still have to pay myself before possibly the insurance then kicks in. So the general thought process for us to mitigate risk being, well, if I got in a car accident or if I had whatever catastrophe happened, I could pay this deductible like 5,000 or something. I think I could cover that or something like that, whatever the deductible is. And then if it goes over that, then the insurance hopefully will kick in and cover that. That would be the general kind of thought process. So it wouldn't be a catastrophe from a financial position as well as possibly other catastrophe positions in terms of health and so on. So for example, if we have a $600 deductible on our homeowners policy and a covered event caused 4,000 in damage, we will pay 600 out of our insurance company, we'll pay the 3,400. So we have a deductible of $600. Something happens, whatever it is. We have the homeowners insurance or something, the pipe broke or whatever. It's cost us $4,000. If we had the deductible of 600, then we would be paying the 600, but the insurance company hopefully paying for the rest, which would be the 3,400. So we can say, okay, we're covered. It's not gonna be a financially crushing event for us because we've got the deductible and we can handle that. But then the insurance company should pay the amount over that, that being the general idea. With some policies, we can choose our deductible. Usually a higher deductible means a lower insurance premium.  For example, because I think I can handle a higher deductible and then have lower payments on the premiums that I'm going to be paying because obviously as the deductible goes up, then you would think that the calculation for how much the insurance costs, the premiums on it would go down. So in that case, your strategy is, I don't need to be covered for the minor things. I want to be covered for basically the big thing. Like if I had a big financial condition, I can then still pay off the big deductible and then be covered for the added costs, which of course can be quite extensive if you get into medical things and stuff like that. So common types of insurance, there are many types of insurance, but some common types are described here. So clearly again, any type of thing where you're thinking I'm paying for this to mitigate my risk into the future, that you can think of as some kind of general form of insurance. Now clearly the types of insurance would include things like health insurance, helps us pay for doctor fees and sometimes prescription drugs. Once we buy health insurance coverage, we and our health insurer each agree to pay a part of your medical expenses, usually a certain dollar amount or percentage of the expenses. We've got the life insurance, which is the common one. Pays a person, we select a set amount of money if or when we die. So if we die, then we're gonna have people that are dependent upon us. So if we die unexpectedly, then that's when they would be covered. They would be covered. The money from our life insurance policy can help our family pay bills and cover living expenses. Disability insurance protects individuals and their families from financial hardship when illness or injury prevents them from earning a living. So it's kind of similar to the life insurance. People are dependent on us. We're no longer able to earn the living due to whatever circumstance. And therefore possibly we have the disability insurance. Many employers offer some form of disability coverage to employees or we can buy an individual disability insurance. Auto insurance, of course, protects us from paying the full cost of vehicle repairs and medical expenses due to a collision. In most states, the law requires us to have auto insurance when operating a motor vehicle. And then we've got the homeowners or renters insurance protects our home and personal property against damage or loss and ensure us in case someone gets hurt while on your property. So if we have a mortgage on our property most lenders require us to have homeowners insurance as a condition of the loan. So considerations when buying an insurance policy should what should we know when we're getting the insurance policies? A useful rule to live by is to do our homework before we buy insurance, obviously. So insurance is one of those things because it's abstract it could be a little bit more confusing for us to kind of figure again like what's gonna be the reward for us because we're trying to cover some possible event in the future, possibly one we don't want to think about and possibly one we're hoping is gonna be somewhat remote and happening. So it could be a little bit confusing to weigh the pros and cons of purchasing the insurance and we got to do a little bit more homework and thought process to wrap our minds around it. Research any insurance company we are thinking about buying from to be sure that the company is financially sound and provides good service. So clearly insurance is gonna be something about trust. We're gonna have to have a trustworthy company that we will be dealing with because if the event happens that you need to be insured under you wanna make sure that they're gonna be holding up their end of the deal because you're paying them upfront for coverage that happens into the future. And you wanna make sure that if that event happens that you're covered by a company that has a track record of doing so also find out what factors matter so that we can get the coverage we need to be at the best price. So that means that when you're doing comparing and contrasting what is most important to you? I mean, does the high deductible gonna be good? Do you need it to be covering smaller kind of dollar amounts that are gonna be involved? Clearly when you're looking at something like medical insurance, for example you could try to start to mix and match things like the deductible, the amount of premiums. Sometimes you're just trying to, if your budget is tight you're trying to get the premium as well as possible. And so you got the mix between the premium and the deductible. And so you gotta find what's the most important to you. And even though there's not too many factors involved when you're comparing and contrasting there's still could be a lot of mixing and matching involved in it. So again, you gotta spend some time with it.


Hello everyone, welcome to another Narc Survival Live video. I'm just in the hotel room today. And in this one, we are going to be talking about how the narcissist only pretends to move on. And as you may know, this is a topic that I've spoken about before. But I'd like to go a bit deeper into it in this one. So they act like they've just left you. They think the grass is greener on the other side. They found the next shiny new toy. A bigger better deal. Something greater than you. Or at least that's what they want you to believe. So now they've moved on. Or at least they want you to think that. They want you to think that they're not thinking about you anymore. As if they're just gone. Now they're out of the picture. They've left you behind. When in actuality, they can't just move on like that. It's not that simple. At times they may wish that it was, but it really isn't at all. And I'll explain how.  They strung you along. They give you lies and future faking. So they never fully attached to you. There was never an actual connection. Or even a relationship. Because a relationship is the way in which two people connect. You may have connected to them, but they did not connect to you. You may have fully attached to them, but they did not fully attach to you. And then because they don't fully attach to their targets, they do not fully detach as well. Which means that they can't just move on. And the reason why is because the relationship was not reciprocal. There wasn't an equal exchange. It's like a contract or an agreement. Even if it's unspoken or unwritten, however it may be, there was something that was understood between two parties. An agreement that was made. And you kept your end of the bargain, but they didn't keep theirs. So it was never resolved. Which means that they are still attached to it. And because of that, it causes them to develop an obsession. It's like they become addicted to you. But they can't just leave things alone. And you may not realise it, but a lot of times they are still watching you. They're talking to your family or friends behind your back. They're stalking you on social media. And I've experienced this myself many times in the past. Narcissistic exes. They didn't keep up their end of the bargain. I ended up doing all of the work and the relationship. And they could never fully detach from me. They were always thinking about me, Hoover and me, stalking me. And I used to wonder why. To think this relationship, this thing that you had with me, it was never so important before. You were very lazy. You didn't put in any of the work to keep me. And now as soon as I go, or even if the narcissist goes, now they're pulling out all the stops. Now you're extremely important to them. And yet they betray it as though you weren't good enough or you didn't do enough of them. When in actuality, the opposite is true. They didn't do enough for you and that's why they're still attached and they're very obsessed to you. Because they already know that the situation they had with you was very unfair. They know they did you wrong. They know that you deserved better treatment. And that's why it's like they need you now. Even if it's just to use you again. Because it resurfaces the shame. They're constantly thinking about it. It's occupying their minds all of the things they did to you. It resurfaces their shame. And they try to push it away or project it onto you by becoming obsessed with you. Because a lot of times this is unconscious behaviour as well. So that's really what is going on. That's why they're so obsessed with you and they can't leave you alone. Because when they had you, when they had the opportunity, they took you for granted. It wasn't reciprocal. They didn't give you the love and the respect that you deserved. Instead they just looked at you as an ATM. Or just a sex object. They never saw the real person within. So they overlooked you. They treated you less than what you actually deserved. And that is why they are still stuck on you. Because whether they know it or not, it may be unconscious. But deep down they know that. They know that it was their fault. They know that they messed up. And that's why it plays on their conscience. Because if you know you did all you could, you tried your best, you gave it your best effort, then it's very easy for you to let that go. And I know that myself and my own past relationships, I gave it my all. I gave everything I had. And it's very easy for me to forget about the people who did me wrong. They never play on my mind. But when is the other way around? When you were the one who did someone else wrong and it was unfair, yes that will continuously affect you. It may even keep you awake at night. But for narcissists it's even worse because a lot of times it's unconscious. So the shame is buried beneath them. And there's a lot of things that they experience in daily life that resurface their shame. And it's like for no reason at all they become very angry. They lash out at people. And you may have experienced this with them as a result of what they did to their exes. They may have been very abusive to you because they treated their ex unfairly. They didn't give them the treatment they deserved. The fair treatment and equal exchange. They didn't reciprocate. It was just their ex doing all of the work. So this is it. This is why they can't just move on. They can't just forget about you. And yet they betray it as though they have just moved on. They're not thinking about you anymore. They've left you behind. When in fact it's like whatever the narcissist does or says the exact opposite is true. However they treat you it's the exact opposite. Whatever they say or do to you unknowingly it's you doing that to them. And do you want to even aware of it?  Which is why you may notice that at the end they may say that you are obsessed with them or you're stalking them.  They will still find a way to twist it on you because they are projecting and they do this a lot. They're trying to deflect their shame because yes they already know that they are wrong. They know that they are very bad people and this is why they cannot move on. And why they continue to abuse, stalk and harass you. They can't leave things alone. And yet you may think that it's because you've continued to do something wrong and maybe you weren't aware of it but in actuality they do respond to the things that they have done wrong when fairly to you because that energy has to go somewhere. It's traumatised them and they are responding to it because if you look back at the things they've done to you I'm sure some of those things are very traumatic and when they do those things to you they are absorbing the trauma from it and a lot of times it's affecting them far more than it's affecting you. And to know that you've only got to look at them and the way that they behave they're always very angry, very miserable, they're always lashing out at you, they're always making false accusations because these are all of the effects, the psychological effects and the traumas that they're experiencing as a result of what they have done to you and that is why they cannot move on because the shame is constantly resurfacing within them and that shame has to go somewhere they try to put on to you but the more they do that they're just absorbing even more trauma and it's just building it up even more within them and the older they get the more bitter and resentful they become and to a lot of them they just completely turn against the opposite sex they just say they hate all women, they hate all men, whatever it is and one might look at them and think that they've experienced some bad situations when in fact the opposite is true they were the perpetrators they did all of these bad things to people and that is why they're miserable that is why they've experienced so much trauma that is why they're so obsessed, they're stalkers that is why they hate everyone because they didn't keep up their end of the bargain in their past relationships and the crazy thing is that a lot of them don't even know it because a lot of times it is unconscious so that's really what's going on and that is also the reason why they do pretend to move on because after everything they've done to you it's like they're so bitter and resentful that they just want to show you you're nothing you never meant anything, they could do so much better without you it's the seragans, there's pride, there's audacity they're just trying to prove a point and when they do that a lot of times they prove the exact opposite they kind of show just how special you actually are because most people they're not just going to walk out and slam the door in a huff they're not going to walk out like that as though you're nothing it's just so unrealistic so that should really reveal a message to you about how great you are and a lot of these things they're doing it comes from childhood trauma mommy issues or daddy issues but a lot of people get it wrong they mistake it, they assume that they or rather you must have been this image of their mother or father and now they're taking it out on you because you treated them wrong just as they experienced childhood trauma from their parents but actually you are this exact opposite image of their narcissistic parent you're the exact opposite because they experienced abuse and neglect they were treated bad you as an empath you gave them the best treatment they ever could have had and that is where they end up hating and despising you that is why they're so envious and jealous is because they're looking at it like you're too late where were you 10, 20 years ago and unconsciously it's like where were you at my childhood in place of my parents that's exactly what they're thinking but it's unconscious so you were the exact opposite of what their narcissistic parent was enchanted and how they treated them because they experienced abuse and neglect they were treated bad but remember you treated them good you gave them the best treatment they could have ever wished for you went above and beyond for them but it was never good enough and it never could be good enough because they're already damaged they've already experienced the trauma they've already got mummy or daddy issues so now you come along and it's just nothing that you can do to fix it because the damage is already done and in fact the better you are the more they just hate you because you're this exact opposite image of what they had in childhood and they were waiting for that for such a long time and it never came so now they want to reverse the roles they want to be on the other end of it and they want to show you no I don't need you I never needed you I can do it on my own or I can find better than you I can find someone way better who will give me far better treatment and yet they show no gratitude or appreciation for you despite everything that you have done they will never be satisfied and never be happy because it's just far too late for them the damage was already done a long time ago and that's why they never show any appreciation for you because of their childhood trauma and that's how they're able to go out and just slam the door like you meant nothing they could just walk away and so they're trying to show you they're trying to prove a point to you that you're nothing and they can find someone way better and everything you did for them you could have been with them for years and you did everything you cooked, you cleaned you bought them everything, you gave them a home but did they ever say thank you they were so arrogant it's like they felt they're just entitled to it and as though they don't owe you anything you owe them a living because you're unknowingly taken on from their narcissistic parents and they never treated them right they never did anything for them and you come along you're like this mother figure or father figure this exact opposite image of everything their narcissistic parent was to them and now they expect the world from you they expect you to give them everything everything they never had and more these are just the effects of childhood trauma and now it's like you can never do enough there's nothing that you can do to fix them because these mummy or daddy issues are still there and they're always going to be there because they never accept where they are in life it's all about blaming someone else they never go with them, they never self reflect they never even think to parent themselves they never think to do any of that but this is just how it goes and this is why it is very important for us as well to heal our childhood traumas we have to go with them, we have to process these emotions I've been through it myself many years ago it's like I was just hoping that someone would come along and save me give me the love that I needed rather but then at some point I realised that I needed to give that love to myself and then that changed everything for me I started to experience real self love and I didn't need any external validation it's something we should all do at its end paths it's a lot easier for us to do it because we can self reflect, we can take accountability so yeah just to finish this with a healing message I'm just going to go now insert my bed, do some work I've got some good videos coming up over the next few days so if you enjoyed this video please do give it a thumbs up down below we've got 133 live viewers but only 21 thumbs ups so please do that down below show some support to the community and let me know your thoughts in the comments section as well I read your comments every day share the video, subscribe if you'd like to book a one on one with me you can do that on my website which is NarcSurvivor.co.uk and check out my Instagram as well it's NarcSurvivor YouTube and Instagram I have new pictures and videos of my travels every day on there other than that that's it for this video but as always I will talk to you in another one very soon


We said before the game, all these cameras, they didn't come here to see. No, no.  Okay, when the keys don't go your way all the time, Johnno.  Every single guy in here with shoulder pads and a helmet on helped us win. I watched it. I watched it. Every single one of you guys. It wasn't perfect, Kenny. Guess what? It's never going to be. It isn't. Okay, that's a damn good football team. With a great quarterback, a lot of speed, pound of the ball. Ryan came up and you led this team. You led this team, Ryan. I appreciate it. Okay guys, we have just begun. Okay, all we did was get ourselves back into the race. Okay, we've got us back into the race. Now we got the box. Ain't no better way than the specialty in an adult.  I love this. Easy work. Easy work on three, one, two, three. Easy work!


So today we're executing port support activities. This is the the SPOD for this battalion as we execute Atlantic Resolve a rotation of pre-planned exercise that we announced back in December of 2021. There's a massive amount of organizations involved from all the supporting units, the movement control team, as well as our battalion as well. Great, great support to get us all here and we're working as a team to overall accomplish the mission. So the 166 armor is here in Europe as part of an Atlantic Resolve rotation. We will execute multiple planned exercises with our allies and post-nation partners. One of them is Defender Europe 2022 where we execute a long-range movement across multiple countries with our partner and post-nation to stress the statement and mission command systems throughout the duration of the exercise. My battalion is responsible for strategic seaport operations across Southern Europe and Africa. So we're here today to discharge this vessel for 3-4 ABCT in support of the Yukon RAF rotations. So the 839th Transportation Battalion and SCDC as a whole is responsible for mission command and Singapore management for the strategic seaports in the deployment and redeployment of troops all across Europe and Africa. In support of Alexander-Opeli, it's a tremendous opportunity for us to partner with 21st TSC, the incoming unit 3-4 ABCT, the movement control battalion also out of Germany. But then the partnerships with the Greek government and the Greek military has been tremendous throughout this operation. We come here very often to discharge vessels in support of RAF rotations and exercises here in Southern Europe and then Northern Europe as well. And it's just a tremendous collaboration to make this all happen. And to have the capabilities of Alexander-Opeli on display is great for the U.S. Army. It's great for the Greek, Greeks and the Yukon in general. Our job as a movement control team come out here to provide movement control support for their equipment's movement and also their personnel's movement. And not only that, we provide intrinsic visibility for all of their equipment lively. So any echelons of command will be able to locate where their equipment is currently at. So it will enable those command teams to locate or place their equipment to the right location in the right time. Even though it's cold and windy, we're very extremely proud of being out here that every soldier understands how much impact they are making to this entire brigade combat team's movement. And they all understand each individual's role is extremely important to making sure this unit is moving from this port to the final destination. 166 Armored is here in Europe as part of an Atlantic Resolve rotation. We will execute multiple planned exercises with our allies and post-nation partners. Here at the port of Alexander-Opeli, it's a tremendous opportunity for us to partner with 21st D.S.C., the incoming unit, 3-4 A.B.C.T., the movement control battalion, also out of Germany. But then the partnerships with the Greek government and the Greek military has been tremendous throughout this operation. Every soldier understands how much impact they are making to this entire brigade combat team's movement. And they all understand each individual's role is extremely important to making sure this unit is moving from this port to the final destination.