So thank you for being here. So today we're going to talk about the C-PASS project, which is one project under the LF Energy Embraer. And it's a configuration project. So just let me present myself first. I'm Maurelian Watai. I'm working for RT, the French TSO. If you don't know what it is, it is the entity that is in charge of the transmission of the energy in France. And my colleague Florent Caly, which is an IT expert at RT. So a bit of context. So the grid used to be the same for the last 30 years. It was pretty stable. We had nuclear power plants and the same substation and everything was fine. But the world is changing and we move toward renewable energy and low carbon impact. So there is more and more renewable energy sources on the grid. And as a TSO, we need to integrate those new sources of energy in our infrastructure. And the place to do so is within the substation. This is the key connection point for renewable energy sources. For those who don't know, substation, this is the small brain, the local brain, where you can connect different energy sources and when you can manage and distribute power. So you have a lot of common and control functions and also high voltage equipment and protections. So in the substation, that's where you have the SCADA, so System Control Data Acquisition Protection. And as I was saying before, the traditional system was built for stability and longevity to work with nuclear power plants. So basically, in each substation in the whole country, it was the same and it was very standardized and nothing changed. But with renewable energy sources and solar panels, there are new requirements and it's evolving all the time. So we need to be way more flexible. So we need to move from a traditional approach that you can see on the left with a very fixed control and command system that is built to stay the same for years to something that is way more flexible. And that's what drives us to virtualization because we needed to benefit from the OT world and also from the IT world to be able to move fast in this new environment. So the goal of the C-PASS project is to build the backbone of this new system. So it's to build the RT virtualization platform on which you will be able to host all the virtualized critical control system applications. So let's talk about the platform. It's not we don't code anything. The project is an integration project. Everything already exists from the hypervisor, KIVM, preempt RT for Linux and real-time functions, pacemaker, corrosion, CF for the clusterization and OVS for the network. So the goal of the project is to allow the user to build a ready to run VM cluster. And the other constraint that we have is that in common and control, it's always multi-vendor. For safety reasons, you cannot have, for example, a protection from one vendor and the main B from the same vendor. So you have always a vendor A and a vendor B. So that's what we talk about, virtual machine, because since you have different vendor, it's easier to have a virtual machine that, for example, containers because they have to maintain their own environment. So the key requirement for the platform are virtualization, of course, real-time performance. Because if we talk about distance protection, so the protection that will protect the lines, it works in real-time. So when we talk about real-time the acquisition is around 250 microseconds. And the time of operation is around one millisecond to three milliseconds. You need high availability. Of course, if you lose one server, you need to be able to, you need to keep to the protection on the system. And you rely a lot on time synchronization. And you also need good networking performances because there are lots of data in a substation. So now I will let Florent talk more in detail about the platform. Yes, let's dive into the meat of the project. Once again, everything already exists. And the C-Past strategy is to integrate and to provide code to configure everything very easily. But we are not coding any of the of the function. We are relying on already existing and stable software and code. A deployed cluster might look like something like this with several hypervisors. You must have an uneven number of machine for core purposes, but you can have only two hypervisors or three or five or whatever. And you are using a core sync and pacemaker to do that. We will give you the opportunity to replicate data from one machine to another. And the VMs will have their disk stored on the distributed storage. If the VM has to move because of a problem that needs to be moved on the other side, then it will find its data because it's been replicated. So basically, the technologies we are using, we're using either Yocto or Debian, then a lot of Ansible because we are using infrastructure as code and everything we are scripting to integrate. Those breaks is done with Ansible. We are doing tests and continuous integration with GitHub actions. This is the out of the box software. In the cluster, we are using, like I said, real-time Linux, KVM, QMU, core sync, pacemaker, Ceph, OpenV-Switch for all the inside networking for the VM to be able to communicate with each other and with the outside. So basically, you have a view of the technologies we are using. And a lot of other out of the box technologies, open flows, if you want to do some cybersecurity between the VMs, XDP, SROV, this is for the network performance, stone it for the cluster stability, other stuff and other custom tools. We will get into that a bit later. So, let's review the prerequisite. We need the platform to be real-time. In our case, we chose to use preempt RT. Like many of you know, it's not hard real-time, but it's real-time enough for what we need to do. And it's getting traction. It's getting in the mainline kernel now, almost entirely. There are some things to be done, but it's no problem for us to patch or to use an already RT kernel, like the Debian kernel, for which they have a real-time version. Then we are using the preempt RT kernel, and then we are using all sorts of methods to do resource isolation. On the CPU, for instance, we use either dedicated cores or we can do isolation via ISO CPU, CPU sets as a new C-group way of doing that. CPU pinning for the VM, priority scheduling, like FIFO scheduling with different priorities. We use a lot of the control groups, and everything Linux has to offer to make your isolation better, basically. On the virtualization side, we've been talking a lot about Xen in this conference. We have chosen KVM at the time of the choice. KVM had a better reputation for low latency. Oh, with preempt RT anyway, KVM was supposed to be better than Xen, and we chose VM of our container, like Orien said, because of mainly the multi-vendor constraints. We need to have different vendors running applications on this cluster. VM makes it very easy. We have a shared responsibility model. If it's in the VM, it's your problem. If it's not in the VM, it's our problem. It's more versatile. If you want to provide a function running Windows, you can. If it's a container, it would be a bit different. It's easier for resource management. It's very easy to give a CPU to a VM and to increase this number because you need a CPU, one more CPU for the VM. Basically, right now, using only containerization was not an option, and VM made things very, very easy. And the second thing we noted with virtualization, and that's the meat of the project.  Many people are doing virtualization, everybody's doing that, and many people are doing pre-empty. Doing pre-empty with virtualization is still kind of new. KVMRT is still kind of something not seen very much. We noticed it being getting traction. For instance, we will be next month in Prague, and we've noticed there is a disconference. So we see other people investigating pre-empty in the virtualized environment. So we believe in it, and we think we're on the right way to to work on it. About resilience, once again, we are not developing anything. We are using caressing and pacemaker, and they can do very nice clusters. We are using CEP as a second layer for the storage. And on the network side, we also support PRP, which in our electric grid environment is almost a norm. That is to be sure. If you don't know PRP, basically every packet is duplicated on the network. They can use different ways. And in the end, it's de-duplicated. So even if there is any kind of problem, you won't lose a packet. So it can be implemented hardware. So you can buy a hardware card that already implemented the PRP on a hardware level. So this is something we had to support in CEPAS. Before going into IT stuff, networking, there is two types of networking in CEPAS. The first networking feature is the VM. When you implement a full system with different VM that needs to talk to each other, you need to have a very versatile networking stack. OpenVswitch provides this. You can create bridge, you can plug the VM, you can have firewalls if you want, and you can redesign, like, do software design, software defined network in your hypervisuals. You can use the XLAN, VXLAN, so that you can even extend virtual bridges from one CEPASer to another. So basically, we can do everything we need with OpenVswitch. It's very nice. And this is, once again, for the VM communications. But when the VM needs to exchange data with the external world, then we support SRIOV, which allows a VM to have very good performance on network hardware, because it's bypassing the hypervisor. And basically, the VM can have access to the NIC with no overhead. So this is something we support, and we think we try different things. We also try DPTK, for instance. In the end, for the external communication, we think SRIOV will be the target. PTP, like Orien said, in the electric grid, but it may be somewhere else. In our world, everything needs to be synchronized with PTPs, precision time protocol. Our way for, so this is a standard way of using PTP in a substation. There is a whole architecture, a whole way of doing that. We can have transparent clocks and boundary clocks and GPS and everything. The idea, when you virtualize, it's kind of different because the norm, like it's been written, has been designed for hardware. So the hardware is supposed to be synchronized with PTP. When it's in a VM, you can't, or at least it's not optimal anymore, to synchronize every VM in PTP. So the architecture we chose to implement is to use Linux PTP, of course, but to synchronize the host, the hypervisor with PTP. We don't synchronize the VM. And then we use PTPKVM, another way of doing that, to synchronize the guest with the host. So we never synchronize the guest directly in PTP, but we are confident enough that the guest will be synchronized very precisely. Once again, enough for our use case. So how do we deploy that? So for the people who were just before, we had a nice presentation on Yocto. Yocto was the first approach we chose, because we were in this industrial environment and building environment. Yocto has many advantages, the deatability, the reproducible builds, the features, it can help you for the S-Bom problematic, minimal footprint. You can design a very small system with very limited footprint. In our context, since we are using a lot of software, and anyway, we need to configure it to create clusters and everything, Yocto wasn't required anymore. We are not creating, for instance, we are not using images, because if we have three machines, for instance, they are all different. They are not using the same image. We need to run a playbook, an Ansible playbook, we need to exchange keys, we need to configure the cluster. So since we need to configure the cluster with Ansible, we ask ourselves the question, if we need to configure the machine, why don't we use the standard distribution and then configure everything with Ansible? That's the second way we worked on, which is the Debian approach. So basically now, we are creating a basic installation media with an FAI project, which is a very nice way to create your Debian ISO software. We only do basic customization on this image. So basically, we deploy a Debian system. The only thing we do with the FAI is that we take all the software we need in the installation media, for instance, a safe open-v-switch and everything, and so we can deploy the machine with no internet connection. So we create our USB key, for instance, with all the software we need, and we can deploy all our C-pass machine with one USB key and no internet connection. Once we have done that, basically we have a hardware running Debian, but it's not much. Everything else is done using Ansible and playbooks. So we connect to the machine and then we do everything we have to do. We do all the prerequisites, we configure the system, we do the cybersecurity, we create the clusters and everything. So this is the Debian approach. Just so you know, on the C-pass project, both branches are still maintained and exist. So customers can use the Yocto branch and those who are willing to switch to Debian can also use Debian branch. I myself am working on the Debian branch, so I know the Debian branch a little bit more. And what was that? Yeah, cybersecurity. So yeah, this conference is a lot about cybersecurity. So how do we manage cybersecurity in this project? So basically, since we are running a standard Linux system with a standard IT software like clustering and everything, basically we used the NC, which is a French cybersecurity agency, and there is this configuration of a Linux system, which is 70 pages of best practices on how to secure your Linux system. So basically, we implemented that. And once again, we implemented that with NCBOOL. So you can run the playbook and it will harden your system. You can run a rollback playbook and it will harden your system. And it's very easy to update, to add a rule or to use to do compliance. Is my system still like I deployed it? I rerun the playbook and then I know NCBOOL tells me if everything is still as before or some things have changed. The other way on the Debian branch we have for cybersecurity is to basically delegate a lot of work to the Debian community. When you install Debian, you know your system is updated. You know you can do updates. And basically, this is not CPAS project problem anymore. We just have to provide a way to update the system. But if there is a patch to be installed, then APT updates. And it's working. So we found that it was a bit easier than Yocto. Yocto is to install a patch. It's a lot more complicated. You have to rebuild the image and then to deploy the image and then to switch. You have to have rollback processes. And yeah, we think it's also in the interest of cybersecurity to move to Debian. So now, because it's smaller than a book, it's not just an R&D project where we want to try things and make them work. We just so you know, RT will be using CPAS in production in a few months. So we have to integrate it in our environment. And so we have to provide non-unbedded solution. Like for instance, how do you back up to your VM? How do you export your logs? How do you check the CPU if it's running at 100%? The administration? How to do I don't know, cybersecurity profiles or whatever. So everything we call IT tooling. These things that IT needs when they need to to administrate the system. And so I'm going to show you in a few slides what we did for IT tooling. First thing is implement SNMP, which is a standard monitoring protocol.  We know the load, the ping, the temperatures, the interface status, the disk, the NTP status, whatever. And basically when you deploy, at least CPAS starts, it's very easy to pull the SNMP status and to recover, to know of any alerts. For instance, if a VM has crashed, if your provider is not synchronized anymore. So this is the first thing. Second thing in logs is logs. We are able to export our logs to any log operator. For instance, this is a STQ, you can use Splank, you could use the standard SysLog server. So exporting your log is also something that we had to implement to make our system acceptable. VM backup, very useful. It can be, we can imagine in situation in which you upgrade a VM, it goes wrong. How do you roll back? How do you export your backup off site? So once again, we developed on the CPAS project many tools to be able to do this VM backup to provide the service and to restore VM. We've used this a lot in development. For instance, when we want to clone a cluster, we backup all the VM and we restore them in another cluster. Works like a charm. For this BOM problematic, since once again we wanted to be able to provide what's running, what are our dependencies on other software, since we are using Debian, it's pretty easy. DPKG can list every package you have in the system and all the versions. And with this implementation that once again, we didn't code. We used it, it exists. It's very easy to have a list of all the packages you use, all the software, all the versions and all the licenses you use. So it's a first step toward SBOM. It's not enough. The project is young. It's a very young project. We've been migrating to Debian not even a year ago. So it's a very young project. So we are trying to go in all directions and to solve all problems. We know we're not done, but we want to code first and then solicitate the community, you for instance, to help us finish or change things or add stuff. That's the idea of our presence here also. We also developed many tools for VM management because when you want to create a VM, move a VM, stop a VM, duplicate a VM clone, create a snapshot, everything. So we developed tools to make it easy so that you don't have to go SSH on the server and run a pacemaker or libvirt commands. So once again, to make it more easy to onboard the project. So I hope I gave you a sense of all the technologies that are used. Once again, it's not a product. It's more of an integration of everything. But the idea is that you can deploy, so now you understand, you take your USB key, you deploy Debian on the server, you run a few playbooks and your cluster is up and running and can run low latency VM. Okay, thank you, Florent. So as we said before, this project is going to be used in production and for control and command system, we have protection that are critical applications. So of course we need validation strategies and it's basically it's based on the continuous integration and continuous testing. So we use the same approach as before. So as a test as code, so basically as Florent told you before, everything is based on uncivil and playbooks. So we unfazed on automation, continuous testing and place book for the testing process. So for example, if you want to test one word security requirements, you will add the security with an uncivil playbook and you will test the security with a test that is launched with an uncivil playbook as well. And as it is an embedded project, you need to test directly on the targets.  So there are two levels of testing. The first one is, I would say Linux oriented. So we don't unfazed on the command and control, we just unfazed on the Linux platform. So for this, each time there is a pull request on the project, we re-install CPath on the real cluster in our laboratory. And then we have maybe today 2,000 tests that are run each time. And each time there is a new functionality, we add a new test. And we generate a test report to assess for changes. And this way we ensure the reliability and the performance of the platform. So with this intensive testing, we are going to test, like I say, cyber security, there are tests regarding the cluster features, there are tests regarding the latencies. So yeah, we try to test each items. And if you have any ideas regarding those tests, feel free to contact us. We can add tests to this. And the second layer is what I call the factory acceptance test approach. So in this, we use a very common approach that we use for command and control, what we call HIL, so hardware in the loop. So we have simulator, real time simulator, that will simulate the high voltage network, so like the production, the solar panel or whatever. And so we will connect our system to this simulator. The system will think, okay, it's like I'm in the field, I'm connected to a real high voltage equipment. And so in this, and then we can test its behavior. So basically, the test that we can do is simulate a fault on the line and see whether the system reacts at the right speed. And then with this kind of environment that we also call sometimes digital twins, you can test all the, you can test the loss of, for example, synchronization, the loss of the clock, anything that you want. And with those two layers of tests, I think we get a good base to have a good coverage for this approach. So what next? As we said before, CPATH is an open source project. And if we want to, what we realize is most of the people from the control and command are not specialists in Linux. That's not their business. What they want is a product that they can use and build their control and command on top of that. So the first thing that we'll do is encourage, for example, as RT, we do our part, we did our part in the research and development, but that's not our business. Our business is to run a substation. So we will encourage companies to provide support on CPATH. The target is to have a subscription model and then we subscribe to it and then we can have our services. The second point is enhancing the factory effect approach for knowledge, sharing and assisting utilities and vendors. So the idea is to, we have the chance to have a very, very nice labs and I would say lots of histories, so lots of tests. So with virtualization, it's pretty easy to rerun tests and tests and tests. And I think that's the only way to, for everybody to accept virtualization. The only way to do it is to run dozens of tests to have the system to run for one month, one year, two years without interruption on this platform and to show that it's reliable. So basically more and more testing. As I said, CPATH is not a NAND project. It's a way to build your platform. So we need input on resilience, critical, what is your approach on building your infrastructure? Are you using main B approach, application level failover, other ideas? Because the idea of the project is to integrate all those features, then after you can do your own integration. If I may add, the thing is there is an architecture issue that we haven't solved yet. The resilience that we use for instance, SpaceMaker and Core Sync, if a VM crashes, or if an hypervisor crashes, then SpaceMaker will say, okay, I need to restart the VMs on the one that is not crashed, fine. But it will take like 30 seconds to restart a VM. So on one side, we host critical VMs and they have to react in a few microseconds. And on the other side, if an hypervisor crashes, it would take 30 seconds to restart the VM. That is not compatible. So the way we do is to split the VM into two categories. Either they are not critical, SCADA for instance, it's not critical if you lose observability for 30 seconds. That's a big problem. So this one, you can just use the standard resilience, have only one VM. If it crashes, it moves, you lose 30 seconds, no big deal. But for protection, for instance, you can't lose a protection for 30 seconds. So what we use is a main B. We have two VMs, basically. Two VMs running on two hypervisors and see if one crashes. Then the VM that is crashed, we always start on the hypervisor three, for instance, but you will still have main B running. And so it won't be a problem. The thing is, in that case, the resilience is just a nice to have way to reduce your degraded mode time. And so we're soliciting the community in that case to say, how would you do it? How would you implement resilience of critical function? Because technically, pacemaker is not good enough. We thought about main A main B. We thought about an application level failover, for instance. There might be other ideas. And maybe you want to explain, yeah, that's how we work. Maybe you want to say something about this. I think you did it pretty well. Basically, we also stuck with the architecture of common and control. Basically, you cannot put two skaters at the same time because the rest of the architecture will not support it. So you have to have only one skater running at the time. However, for protection, since it was a critical application since the beginning, the architecture is made to be able to have two protection in parallel at the same time. So yeah. So yeah, we are welcoming ideas. A few words about the project before we move to question if you have any. Yeah, so it's an active project. There are several companies working on it. We have a website, of course. We have a wiki. We have a GitHub with many repositories. We have a Slack channel. So basically, yeah, come talk with us. We're always there. And just so you know our planning right now in Vancouver next month will be in Paris at the beginning of June. We'll be in Prague at the end of June. So yeah, like you say, as you can see, it's a project that is going very, very active. Thank you. Thank you. And if you have any question, of course, we're there for still a few minutes. I'm just curious, so you're doing DMs, why Docker's up there, what role it plays? Sorry, I do. Oh, yeah, it's more like for the CI. Yeah, we're running when we have to build, when we have to run Ansible to deploy the cluster, for instance, the GitHub action is building a continuous integration image. It's building the image because it needs Ansible and it needs all the playbooks and everything and then it runs the cluster. And so that's why it's, it's throwable. It's just for the CI or for the test and then we throw it away. So Docker is very nice of that. To complete on that, that's, we say that the VM is basically the container. But inside the VM, most of the time you have container. Yeah, of course. So yeah, the VM there. This is a vendor, for instance, if a vendor wants to provide a protection, if it wants to, he can provide a, like I said, any OS, we don't look into it. But often what we imagine is that one vendor will provide several protection, one network stack, and usually it will, it will provide a VM, but in the VM it will be many containers running. So yeah, we encourage vendors or providers of VM to use Docker because it's very, it's more easy to do upgrades. I'm curious, how is the name CPath chosen? It doesn't make sense. No, it's an acronym. What does it stand for? I just like to say, I'm curious. What's the acronym for? I didn't choose it. You didn't choose it? Anyone, anybody remembers? I don't know. It's within. Yeah, tell me. We don't use it much, and it might be a little stretched. Any other question? What is your observed drift with PTP KVM? And what is your tolerance for that? And what actions would you take if it drifts too far out on the constituent VMs? I'm not sure we observe a drift because since PTP is working all the time, it's always synchronizing. So if it is, the order is a dozen nanoseconds, that kind of delay. If I may add something, basically, if you do the PTP synchronization directly in the VM with the network, you won't have hard time stamping. So basically, the precision that you get is lower than the one that you get directly with the host. And it's not even compatible with SRIOV. I mean, if you use SRIOV, art stamping is not an option. So you can't do hardware time stamping with SRIOV, so you won't be able to do proper PTP. And PTP KVM, you're on the host, and it's a KVM hypercall, so it's very, there is no delay. And what is our tolerance, you asked, well, we tried to respect the norm. So we didn't talk about it a lot, but there is a norm that governs what we try to do on the substation. It's called IC61850. And IC61850 has a PTP profile, and the norm tells you what they expect for PTP configuration. Well, thank you, everybody, and have a nice day.


We got to study. Study the craft. And a lot of things that we think we can't do or we're not allowed to do, if you read the fine print you could do it. That's what they do, they read the fine print. Just got to study. The best team is the most prepared team.  The one that is the most disciplined has the best workout. You know most of the time the people that are successful aren't the best at what they do, they just are the best at working the hardest at what they do. The discipline. But if you're not doing something you love you ain't going to want to do it. So you have to find what you love, something you would do for free and then that's what you do every day all day. Get paid for doing something you would do for free.


Can't believe you've been a temp to that. Our teacher is going to remember you forever. What a thought. Me getting a blender, plugging it in and turning it on causes such a commotion.  Her face is priceless, man. Now I'll be the laughing stock of the school forever. Yeah, man. That's something to be proud of. I can have a point if they like that.  I can't believe I did all of that in front of the whole class, too. Now we've got to find something even better to do next. One of the guys, they would get me something if I went through the stairs, so it's probably what it is. I don't know. It said to be something out of this world, though, so I guess we'll find out. Plankton from SpongeBob. This tastes like a 7-Eleven bathroom. This, bro! It tastes like cat piss.  You good? My nost... My nostrils are burning. So, was it any good? No, it was disgusting. So you lot about it being good. So much for that. Your hair's weird. You should fix it. I didn't mean that. I don't know where that came from. It just kind of slipped out? What do you mean? I don't know. I just...  And that happens to be how bad my hair is? Yes. Yes, it does. Your hair is a mess. Your shirt's tucked inside out. Your chain's on backwards. Man, usually you're dripped out.  Are you cool, bro? No, I don't know what's happening. Just everything keeps on coming out, and I don't know what to do. I've never heard you say anything in my life about how bad my hair is or my style and my chain, bro. Maybe I have a fever? I feel fine. What's wrong with me? What's up, guys? What are you just checking on here? Well, speaking for me, I'm doing my project in Mr. Davis' class. And I've closed class three times. Three times, so. A couple of times. Mr. Davis? That excuse for a human? Even zero on my English project on gorillas. Granted, I didn't actually do the project, but still, it's down and disrespectful. Hey, what are you looking at me, bud? Want smoke? That's right. You don't kind of bug me a little bit. Why, there's a North and South Dakota, but, you know, Ohio's just there. And some body armor? What are you, a Canadian?  You'll play it degenerate. Why don't you have a case on your phone screen? It's gonna break. Whoa, man. Never heard you say more than five words in my life. So I see you tried my new truth serum, huh? Your what? My truth serum. Found it online. That, that weird blue-green stuff? Oh, yeah. What the hell, dude? Why would you send me that? You did it there. That stung your pull yesterday? So cool. Thank you. Your hair looking fine as hell today.  What?  What's up, guys?  What's going on? Not that much. Just confess my love to Abby. I mean, bro. Does anyone know the answer to this question?  That is no way to talk in my class, young Carlos. Do you want to get out? I would love to. Then get out.  I'm out. This is such a disaster. What happened in there, man? I don't know. It just, everything came out all at once. I just didn't have control of what I was saying, I guess. Oh, you have no control over this truth serum thing.  Look, you weren't supposed to know about that. I didn't want to tell you. Yeah, obviously not. I can't help. What's up, guys? How's it going? So, um, I was looking online, right? Turns out it's permanent. Doesn't go away. Permanent? Yeah, it's permanent. Permanent? Listen here, you blood-sucking mosquito.  You know what? You know what? I'm tired of your shenanigans. I'm, I'm, I'm enough. Listen. Carlos, did we do our homework? Did not do my homework. I went to sleep at 4 a.m., making cheddar and cracker sandwiches. I proceeded to get an hour and seven minutes of sleep exact. And now, I'm in your groovy class. Cut me some slack for once, please. Thank you.


I'm from the United States and I am a master's student in future design. So my final project is about artificial intelligence, but I'm not so much interested in the technology of it. I'm more interested on the impact of AI. Obviously, AI is like a hot topic right now and everybody is talking about it. And whether you consider yourself a user or non-user, I think AI will impact all of us. So my project really investigates how AI might affect us and what we can do about it. AI, obviously, is, like I mentioned, it's a huge topic right now. I think we're at an inflection point with AI because even within the last few months of this year we've seen mass amounts of developments and also financial contributions to the development of AI. And it is moving at an incredibly fast pace. And while I think that's exciting, for the most part, I feel like I'm an optimist when it comes to technology, it's also terrifying. And I think we very rarely spend time pausing and thinking about what we're creating when it comes to technology. And so I was really interested in exploring the impact of all of that, how people feel about AI, how people use AI, and what they can imagine their futures with it to look like. The preparations for my exhibition are going well. The past semester I ran a social simulation preparing for our futures of AI. And so basically what I did was I created news of the future. So there's speculative news articles about artificial intelligence. They were published on Substack and then on Discord I had people talk about those news articles. And so my project is really about participatory design and co-creating with artificial intelligence and co-creating with each other about our futures with AI. And so my exhibition is a showcase of those outcomes. So we will see newsreels from the future, so the stories that came out of the simulation and you get to read about those stories and learn about what happened during the simulation. So my exhibition will actually be in this room. It will take place in the library of Proxody University and it will present newsreels from the future. So the stories that came out of the social simulations you get to see and then there'll be a companion to it which will be these newspapers that explain more about the simulation and have the stories of those final outcomes from what people co-created together. I would say come see our exhibition. We're a small class but I think our creativity is mighty. And if I could like impart some last words I think it's important for us to really think about our futures and play active roles in shaping it together because anything's possible and that should be encouraging for all of us because you know we can change the future for the better.


We're back with a breakfast and plus if you have care we are set to look at what the papers have for us this morning Our guest is always standing by is equally I took will be joining us when we're done looking at Those headlines of course. We'll start off with a nation newspaper interesting take on the paper this morning. It's still paper still you know giving prior attention to the people's Democratic Party and Like we analyzed a couple of days ago. They Like I said a couple of days ago the Nation this is just a media media review. The nation has almost every day Talked about the situation the PDP. In fact, they use this term PDP crisis today is a first time in a while. I've noticed that they didn't use Say PDP in crisis, but they're still showing Again attention to the situation the people's Democratic Party Marking they lead Southwest PDP on are you must go call Marking they lead Southwest PDP on are you must go call for this is true? I'm just in the paper has given its top Pace on the front page to the situation PDP for the past how many weeks Now the writer to that story or your governor to a tickle party must be restructured Chairman's exits must follow do you process? All right more from the nation. I carry the lure. They buy your head teams for tinnable Puhari to present budget to national assembly next month Or yetola dedicate bicker over report of overvoting Buyers of seized legal properties to pay 2001 price lucky them. I don't know if that's the right way to put it Banks to stop PTA BTA payments in cash As custody possess. I think this was covered by some papers Yesterday. All right more from The nation Two scientific works win 10,000 or 100,000 dollar nlng price and police kill five kidnapped suspects stories on front page of Foundation, let's go over to the punch with these headlines. So big story there the kicker PDP crisis The headline says attico warbara meet agree with the governor's marketing day demands are used exit And writers to that former POT church a brain forced to resign party still in crisis says but a judge Southwest PDP agrees to back xvp Or your governor seeks restructuring of national working committee indeed a marketing day described Attico as an incoming president of Nigeria in 2023 I use resignation achievable must be negotiated to avert crisis attico Benway senator that's that's a Irremarkable one or that is worth noting that attico said that More from the the punch fgeu afd complete 104 billion our electricity agreement Senate to scrap over 400 mda's in 2023 is that too little too late Bank deposits rise by 24 to 42 trillion nas and people are not spending these days or what PSC chairman that's police service commission Smith resigns amid police recruitment crisis Okay, of course a bit of a issue between the police service commission and the inspector general of police Prochancellors vcs intervene in assos seven month strike Prochancellors vcs intervene in assos seven month strike or they be paying assu themselves I'm sure that they be that's the only intervention. That's who want to hear um, akc road collapses motorists grown see governments intervention And of course you can see a picture there on the front page of the punch Doing some human angle stories right there Uh picture of the governor of akc state staring at the road in shock in shock And it's quite a bizarre one Uh, uh, I mean if no life was lost then that is a big testimony But you can see the quality of that road. Look at it. Look at it. Look at the the sand underneath just a very thin layer of asphalt It's what we're talking about I'm sure someone was paid to do that road This is a quality of road that the government does for its citizens Look at sand You don't even have stones no Gravels no, um, what do you call it again? Uh, no base nothing no stone base. All you have is shaft sand then A thin layer of asphalt in the city of donning road So when there's water running on there at erosion and everything it's okay being What a shame And the governor looking at the road in shock I mean, I don't know if this road was done in his time. I don't know. I can't judge him but Um, governments need to do better If it wasn't done in his time it was done in someone's time Did a person the course governor then? Not inspect to see that the road was properly done Because you're paying for a quality road You must have a quality road.  I hope you don't take them one year to fix so I mean if you come to legal state The a co-bridge has been closed for some time now after a fire incident They are to place called a pom pom and uh till now I don't think that bridge is open. It's affecting traffic flow From the mainland to the island parts of Lagos Affecting economic activities and I'm reducing all all ramp productivity I don't know why it's taking this long. I'm not an expert But I do sincerely hope that that will get start bridge gets done quickly In the same way, and I hope that this equity road will not take forever I have to move on. I guess we'll provide us analysis of of our stories, but more from the punch Tackling security can Anglican primate tell federal government customs intercepts 80,000 liter tankers Uh carrying dirty diesel Who imported the dirty diesel? Or was it produced in the country? Maybe it's uh One of these locally refined products and sars panel awards 289 million narrow compensation to 74 victims I have a personal story. I will share in now. You know some other day and uh That strikes strikes me. All right more from the next paper. Let's go to the leadership this morning. The leadership Has an interesting interesting front page headline. That's a leadership newspaper All right. What the leadership is saying on this front page the kicker to that big headline 1995 derby hotel bombing 1995 derby hotel bombing I can't talk until u.s. Embassy speaks accused x u.s. Envoy envoy All right. I'm the writer to that. I can't recall the incident Madishie who is talking about Kaduna x military governor general jafaru isa police dss u.s. Embassy keep mum. I'm sure I guess we'll remember this This is episode quite well FG orders buyers of seized legal properties to pay two thousand and one price I'm sure I guess we'll remember this This is episode quite well FG orders buyers of seized legal properties to pay two thousand and one price Uh, UK police judicial office passed a buck on the query matters health Revenue shortfall senate backs measure of mda's Dugara Baba chair continue to a continue agitation against apc muslim muslim ticket police service commission chairman resigns and five die In part she put mishap really sad So stories on the front page of the leadership newspaper All right. We have the last paper for consideration this morning being daily trust a big one on the front page Of daily trust call for state police acf nef Affinity fair pandaf back northern governor's Monax, so it's interesting that It's now a national thing Right there the writers to that akiti passes bill kanu in two weeks Jigawa to follow soon. It's knowledge here without national Assembly approval professor yadudu.  I guess we'll talk some more about this when we put him on a southwest pdp meets atiku Demands iu's resignation how smith was forced to resign as psc chairman I don't know if this is all connected with his tussle with the igp over recruitment police kill kidnappers Sharing ransom in forest. All right. What happened to the ransom? We'll hurry to present 19.76 trillion narrow 2023 budget in october. It's according to the speaker of nigeria's house of reps. Bajabi amila Senators ok or rosa a report over 400 mda's risk scrapping My Nigeria french agency a sign 25 million euro deal for power Transmission projects 23 abuja kajuna train passengers still in captivity 186 days after lord have mercy lord have mercy. All right, let's um Say good morning to our guest analysts Um, ziggler. Yeah, I took good morning to you. Mr. Yeah, I took thank you very much for your time Good morning. Have to be nicely here. Good morning. Fantastic. Great to have you great to have you great to have you and let's start with this This call by the northern governance in the country For state policing. We'll discuss this later on the program, but the interesting aspect of this is that Daily trust is telling us that other groups in the country ACF NEF A fairly very impressive. These are the major groups. I think the one that's missing there is ohanese and ego Also joining this call. I mean when last did we say unified front from the social political organizations around the country saying the same thing at the same time Yeah, I think the concept of um state policing has been almost unanimously adopted nationwide by virtually all the divides Because we've come to realize that the security that we have is not being Handled the way that national Interest comes beyond any other parochial including individual interests if you really look into The the the security concerns that we have you realize that there's a lot of um discrepancies There's a lot of um unexplained You know pockets and you can't really see that commitment to the welfare of the people including the north And um, I think each person is coming to a point where they are like look Why don't we just do what is corporate or global best practice? Why don't we have the national police looking at setting infrastructure that they look at and then Let's go down drill it down to state police And if possible the county or what you may look at as a local government police Because abroad you won't have certain places like campuses having their own police system depending on the size and everything Let's redefine, you know, what policing is all about because Right now policing is about about power about control and not about the general good of the people So I think that even the honoree or hanese that is not listed They have taken a position long before today to the best of my knowledge Which is why why would you have um the a bube a bube agu if it's not something that they subscribe to So I think that um in the condition reconstruction review, we have to look at that You know, you know the the general agreement the unanimous agreement within all sides of the divide On the need for state police All right, another one coming on the front page of the daily trust is uh, also echoed by a few other papers Um senators ok or ross and a report say over 400 mds risk scrapping I think it's good that the the daily trust mentioned or ross and a report because some papers didn't mention it for instance Leadership said senate backs major of mds because of revenue shortfall. So this is the way the leadership needs to be put it revenue shortfall senate backs Major of mds The civil ross and a report has been submitted to president gulag jennathan or let me say the federal government in april 2012 precisely april 16 2012 and fast forward to 2022 is when the The authorities national assembly the federal government are considering Implementing is this a cnc implementation? Or is this a sinking man grasping at whatever he can grasp but uh to survive It's our understanding. I'll look at things holistically is our understanding of the concept of government and governance The day we realize that governance is about the management of the Goods of the generality of the people in their larger interest And not an opportunity to serve personal interest when we have that perspective would realize that when you look at Governments generally i've been doing a lot of thinking a lot of strategizing a lot of research As somebody who wants to be the governor of a state and i'm asking myself exactly where is the problem? And i think the problem is the entitlement of the title The entitlement of the title Once you call you are called a dg. They are saying things that must come, you know with that office But if those entitlements didn't come with the title then you could have the subdivisions and not have the problem So coming back to orasia's report On the major of all these parasitals and lots of you know The first thing is that I agree with the report to a great extent They are just setting subdivisions that have a lot of subheads that have a lot of budget And you really can't have the second arm which is absolutely necessary in any setup. What is the second arm the deliverables? What are the targets? What are the essence? What are the things that we are getting from them? You can't you discover that the deliverables is employment Create employment and that's not you you can't have public funds going into create employment Just and these are not even the people that are getting into certain productivity Within within within within within the the governance structure It's it's about creating employment. It's about benefiting your people It's about bringing them in and rewarding them on public accounts, which is Unacceptable So I think that looking at that I've taken time to look at a good section of that report And I think that any focused government will adopt a good section of those reports because A lot of this by time you look at the list of the of the mds You you feel scandalized because it's like what you mean this exists. We are how what they exist Yes, they do they are collecting salary. Yes, they do. They are paying rent Yes, they do there's a whole lot of entitlements attached to each of the offices and what is the outcome zero So I think that uh, they should implement whether it is as a way of, um, you know You know, how do I damage? I wouldn't even call it damage control. Whatever it's worth Let them look at it and implement as much as they can But I can assure you that the next government is not going to be like the past government It's going to be more focused. It's going to be more people oriented It's going to be more purpose fit and going to understand the essence of government and governance I can tell you that for free. It's not going to be one of these two big people that come and do same old same old There is a change that has begun and it is unstoppable at this point You know, uh, it's interesting that for what you've said the um, this particular Or else a report was Was was was submitted to president jennathan in 2012 april 16 after being the Committee headed by the former head of service of the federation civil russia was set up in 2011 um, when This administration came in in 2014. They said they were going to Implement this was in 2014 uh, they announced a decision to implement the This was last year rather. They said we're going to implement the White paper All right, the white paper of that report But interestingly another committee was was set up to make recommendations recommendations based on the white paper Of that report. I don't know. You are you are uh, an administrator. You're in the circles of what exactly is this white paper thing But before before you go to that We're told that they want to reduce the agency's departments and ministries created since 2014 the borough administration came into power on the back of You know reducing resources and they started with a push of trying to cut You know government spending government excesses But if you look at them the ministries department agencies created since 2014 they've actually increased what you had before um, that report recommended that Of the 541 statutory and non-statutory federal government paracidals 541 the zika to 541 and we are still where we are And out of those 541 um 263 statutory agencies should be reduced to 161 And 38 agencies should be abolished 52 agencies merged and 14 reverted back to departments in ministries You know, so so that is that now subsequently the white paper was reported reported and issued in march 2014 and it's taking march 2014 till Uh, 2021 for them to now set up another committee to make recommendations based on the white paper But another interesting point. I also like you to speak to it's that president buhari Created five new federal ministries in it was reported in 2020 2019 You know, you look at the ministry of humanitarian affairs Um and disaster management and social development ministry of police affairs Special special duties and international affairs aviation and par You know and some we should ask why did we have Aviation as a separate ministry when it's transportation Why do we have humanitarian ministry where we have maybe for instance, uh, nema You know, why do we have office of uh, the special advisor on diaspora affairs when the minister of foreign affairs is there You know, sometimes you don't know who is who it will help to agree who will speak when You know, so what I thought some this how many agencies and ministries. Yeah I'll tell you the way government operates if people understand it is that Governments has to be dynamic and not static for the simple reason that government is created to solve problems and sometimes problems come unanticipated And government needs to set up a system a structure depending on the nature of the problem But that system or structure serves that purpose setting things as statutory For instance, education will always be there and you know, um, the health care Housing, you know, all that social infrastructure the road network, you know security the welfare So they are setting things that are statutory but from time to time Setting things come up. For instance, there was the petroleum equalization agency that was set up because they realized that When you bring petrol, it comes to the center, which is like Legos And it has to be taken from Legos to, you know places like, uh, maybe, um, Katzina or so koto or may do guri and that is different from taking trucking it to Ogun state or or your state or any of the neighboring states So that differential in transportation Has to be imputed in the cost and you know, government is to provide a setting level for You know, the generality of the people and fail was something that was or power was something that that applies to all So on account of that that agency becomes a necessary agency, you know to come up and handle that Specific problem now by the time government now comes to a point of saying for whatever it's worth We are not we've we've taken ourselves off that um, we've deregulated that that sector and left it to be private sector driven Most of the time the agency created does not like get extinguished They remain even when they do next to nothing And secondly a lot of these agencies some of them are created on account of the problem That exists within the ministry and then you have somebody that comes in and is favorably disposed to a particular person So he kind of Curves that out so that he has his own command and control as distinct from the boss that was there before And that leads to Duplication and a lot of times another time it comes with the the the zeal of a particular You know person in power He says look we must get into this nuclear thing nuclear Nuclear thing or we want to get into a certain it mode because that's the world of the future So instead of putting them because of bureaucracy They kind of take them out and create them as a certain agency So what a reasonable government should do at all times? I'm never against Creating new agencies never if you are responding to the problem per time But what you should do is always profile and always critique and always look into All the agencies periodically, you know and for each budget review session Ask yourself, which are the relevant agencies? What can we merge? What can we set aside? There's nothing wrong with creating a new agency for instance when insecurity was becoming a major major major problem Or we are having a lot of problems with corruption Then you may have to create the efcc as different from icpc as different from nfiu These are different arms that do different things But because you really want to take these things head on so you put them separate And then you now have maybe the police is there and then the vigilante is there And you know, but you must come at all times to critique them again And never be afraid to bring back to one unit But then you have this concept of i'm tenor, you know I'm giving this this appointment for four years and i've just done two years I still have two more years So if you fix me take me back to an existing agency What is going to be my status? Who cares what your status is? All right, that's interesting very interesting very interesting and I so much have enjoyed your analysis there, but finally This report on Russia was submitted in 2012 A committee was set up to To review and have a report on that Russia a commentary report called I'm a people committee And between 2012 and 2021 they were to look at the the ministry's panel agencies created that was last year I'm a people committee has submitted his own report on the civil or also a report And Obele o KK committee has now been created and Has done a A draft White paper on the I'm a people committee that some day report on the Russia a committee So we're waiting for them to implement So what what what is up with this? No, you're waiting for the committee that will review The work of the current committee that is set up. Yes. So three committees now Yeah, yeah, no, we are waiting for the fourth one to take care of this It's the concept of political will actually It's just that I had made a commitment that because President Buhari had signed the electoral act that I have forgotten For given every wrong he did in the past including the ones he would do till he leaves office So and I still keep to that commitment But I feel a lot of times I I I think that There's a disconnect between The Buhari that was seeking office And the Buhari that is in office I'm not talking in terms of all those conspiracy theories whether he is this or that no I'm just thinking that age has played a game on this man and he is He's not so forceful. He's not so target driven He's not so we don't really see him as taking on to make a legacy with respect to governance I don't see it because all these ones are setting committee to review committee is just time wasting as far as I'm concerned And lack of political will to get done what should be done But if I were close to President Buhari, I'll tell him that No man stands a better chance of getting this thing done right now than himself because it's like eggshells They're going to step on things, you know, but for several reasons number one. He's not seeking a third term Number two, he is Respected to a great extent. So there are three things he can do and get away with it and number three He wants to leave a certain legacy behind That he did this. I think mr. Mr. President should actually sit down and think of what what could be what would be his exit strategy? And what would be his legacies? He has to really sit down He has children he might not be reading these letters or this um listening to us, you know Do this review that he has friends He has relations. He has relatives Particularly relatives particularly children Who at this point in time should sit down and think of the father and think of his retirement and say What would be his what would he be remembered for? Nigerians have very short memory and Nigerians are very forgiving The president can take one two three decisions now and everything he did wrong in the past will be forgiven and forgotten Give us clean Electrical processes no matter what he takes give us clean free fair credible elections You'll be held as a hero number two Look at this report take that decision that somebody coming in and you know Think you have second term may not be able to want to rock the boat if you do these two bold things I think that he'll be remembered on the right side of history. Interesting very interesting Let's go out to the country's paper Artico Baccar has been on A how do I call it again a wing toe? You know when a woman is trying to a mind is trying to woo a woman He's he's been on a a checking toe of the pilipe in the south southwestern part of Nigeria But he met with the oil state Or the southwest a piece pilipe stakeholders in oil state yesterday not in legal state And would you say this is a catch 22 situation for Shea mackin day And even i of ioshe and then the oceans state governor because i mean they can't say they won't turn up for For for this meeting indeed mackin day had to address Artico as the incoming president of migraine 2023 though. He still said you must go But interesting one from that meeting Artico is saying that ioshe resolution is achievable, but must be negotiated to a very crisis. So what are your thoughts on this? Visit to the southwestern part of Nigeria by artico. You see there's there's a perspective to all these things that Um, artico is not looking at and he needs to do that very fast because there's something he's losing Faster than he knows, you know, one of the things that was given to artico Was that or is that he is a bridge builder? And that at a time like this where nigeria is so fragmented where there's so much divisions that you need a man That with the capacity to build the bridges and bring all the sides of the divide to bring back nigeria to To her feet And then you cannot resolve a little problem that concerns you and your election and your future I don't see I think that one night one night one meeting Where artico calls are you privately? Calls we keep privately they see the three of them not that person sit down in a room and say Guys we're hurting ourselves What do we do? Politics is about compromise Politics is about negotiation Politics is about give and take that is what politics is all about Not my way or the highway So guys, what do we do? This thing has come to a point is like the president anasu All those oh minister go and negotiate these go and all those things are just yeah, you're wasting time I believe that if they sit down the three of them man to man eyeball to eyeball in one night This matter is resolved and you get a man saying Um president, let me tell you this This is what happened This man did this to me What does he mean he was looking the other one knowing that before the meeting there's always a meeting before meeting Artico will first meet Um, are you privately as a guy? Please help me. I beg you. Do you want me to kneel down beg? I'll beg you if we need to make a compromise Let's make a compromise when we go there, you know your week is hurt Please I beg you whatever he says don't flip. Don't lose it. I beg you Okay, then he he has a private meeting with i We came self and says my guy. I know how you feel. I understand this whole thing Let's see what we can do. Let's have this meeting. We'll grind it out. You know, we have a bigger future We have a bigger stake. We can't leave this thing for these people if you leave it will hurt us all all of us You can't imagine this please less and then they now have that tripartite meeting Do you understand me the moment they come out of that meeting? I can tell you that the problem would have been solved because they don't need any further Weekend does not need to consult anybody Do you understand me as soon as he leaves there before any because nobody knows about the meeting He's going to give a call to um, you know marking day and them or tom and you know all this and then You know then this guy will now say then are you will now say look this thing is getting out of hand My guy. I know how you feel. I know that this is this guy is just trying to be and everything But let's look at article. We're losing it. Why don't we just think about him? So what do we do? We want to make a compromise. Let's make it Let's just move forward and then we now come together. I see me meeting where it has already been resolved And then this matter is resolved and it's why don't they just call me as a consultant Let me fix this even let they pay me money make a take and do a lecture You know, you know a song, you know, like I can really Bring in here to describe what's happening is a song that has been playing on radio Over the last year or two. If you leave me, yeah, we're good Maybe that's that's what I think we're singing right now. I believe me When you get when you get a ticket article knows is more than me now When you get a ticket You can run your campaign. Do you understand me? What does Jonathan do? It's just that there was a kind of backstabbing somewhere along the line When the party was becoming impossible article Jonathan just created time And run his campaign people don't understand what campaign means and party There are certain lines that people have not learned how to you know, put situate where they belong, but I took I took made one statement said that Are you can only be removed by amending the party constitutions one of the things he said yesterday? No, no, no, no, that's not correct Any man at any time can decide, you know, in the larger interest of this stuff Let me Step aside It's a personal decision. It is sacrificed in the larger interest of the party a decision has been put already Okay, when he leaves by right the the the the the person that should take over is a deputy. Okay Right now that deputy is is is an understanding Politics is understanding. You understand me that deputy can step aside So that the next person comes up And then he can be brought back. It's it it's it's negotiable politics is is is negotiation That's what it is is an under is understanding between them. It's great. I took we have to say thank you A fantastic analysis from you this morning as always and we can't wait to have you back. Appreciate your time Thanks so much. I'm always grateful and god bless you. All right. All right. That's easy clean I took up public affairs analyst right here on the off the press segment on the breakfast and plus TV Africa We have a today in history, of course, tell you what happened on the 15th day in september Many years ago. We'll be right back after this to dive straight into our first major conversation. Please do with us


The Global English Expansion. I briefly remember the first time I recited in front of our classroom during a public speaking subject, I was tasked to recite a short story about Florence, the Nightingale. I still remember the words as if it were only yesterday. After finishing the task, our then professor told us about the importance of learning the English vocabulary, and consider it as our second language if we wanted to succeed in the corporate world. Eight years after my recitation, I find myself discussing business matters with Italian suppliers in Treviso, Italy, and I will not forget the surprised look on their faces. They were amazed at how a middle-aged woman like me who comes from a developing country, can communicate with them in English more fluently than any of their agents combined. For that I take pride in my education dating back in high school. My school wasn't included in the top 20 schools in Metro Manila, but they sure give importance to the quality of their teaching, especially the English language. Cross-cultural communication. The global communications expand rapidly and the competition grows by the day. Learning a different language can be of good merit, but English is truly the most acceptable universal language. The words are easier to comprehend, the numbers are easier to pronounce, and the length of letters are easier to write. Our main language is called Tagalog and this has been used all over the country, though some remote areas are still using their main dialects, and English is being taught to all schools from Luzon the Visayas to Mindanao. Not only does it help us in communicating outside of the country, but learning English as our second language has also equipped us in communicating with some foreign people who travel within the country. We have a lot of tourist spots and are globally famous, and even though some areas have little education about the English language, the locals are manageable to communicate with the visitors properly. I believe this is a great thing, this way both parties, locals and foreign visitors can communicate properly and avoid any misunderstandings. Career opportunities. As a developing country a large portion of our citizens choose to work abroad to provide for their families, and with the little knowledge of English grammar, they are well equipped to travel and communicate freely and soon develop these skills further on. I've seen how the language barrier has affected most people, and I truly believe that learning English and being able to communicate with it properly, you are not only equipped to the modern world, but it gives you the confidence to talk to people and express your mind freely. Some countries still think otherwise, they prefer that foreigners learn their language before stepping foot into their country, but this doesn't reflect good civility impact to visitors for that matter. If you are joining a global competition such as the Miss Universe beauty pageant, isn't much more pleasant to be able to express yourself wholeheartedly, then rely on an interpreter who may or may not express your thoughts the way you wanted it to be. Do you want to teach English abroad? Take a TEFL course today. To sum up, I consider English as our global language and children should have the privilege to learn it, but I am not imposing English as the superior language among all languages. Each and every language has its own characteristics and uniqueness, it just so happens that the English language is much easier to learn and widely accepted globally.