Today I'll speak about poor management integrated circuits The goal is to present Why you would want some thing like that in your board or why not? I'll take a few example on some MIC I actually developed the drivers for So yeah, I'm content shows Quentin for English-speaking person I'm an embedded Linux and kernel engineer at Freelictron's for six months now We're mainly doing work on the on the upstream Linux kernel We have a lot of contributors in our company and also maintainers For myself I worked on drivers for the XP 209 and XP 208 to 23 sorry for the chip of next thing company and Also for another customer we have which is working with Orinor a 33 so see so Are they a little summary of what I will present today, so basically what is pay PMIC? That's the main point of it, and then you will discover they are mainly Common features in all PMICs, but some have really funny and Misc features in it and I'll present I'll try to present a bit An often overview of the PMICs So what's actually a PMIC what you want to get from it what you can get from it So PMIC is a poor management integrated circuits It handles the poor sequence of the board. So for example, this is actually the critical part of the PMIC Maybe you don't know but your So see needs to have some of Poor sequence we call it so regulator to be in for to be on for Four millisecond then another regulator for four millisecond also But then you have to turn it off and turn another regulator. So it's poor sequence to get your SOC Getting on this is really if you don't get this poor sequence, right? Your board will not boot So you have two ways to do it with a PMIC or two hardware hard-coded The PMIC also supplies port to the different components inside your board so for example you can have five Ten twelve whatever number of different components with different voltages as inputs The PMIC handles all that It also protects the board from unsupported of a voltage and under voltage That's quite nice because if you have a faulty charger Maybe for some milliseconds some even some seconds will just output seven volts instead of five That will just burn your board, but the PMIC tries to Protect your board it does really the best it can You can also have multiple poor supplies inputs in a board so for example on the tip You have an AC poor supply the battery poor supply and also the USB poor supply So I can just choose the best one So as I said, there are also different mix features so for example GPIOs or ADCs or LED strips or whatever you can think of It's usually software control war so for The X powers XP 20 X for example, it's an a square C devices or proprietary Bus, but it's usually software control. That's the main point of PMIC But actually the PMIC is not mandatory. So for example on the Raspberry Pi or the orange orange pie. It's not there So you cannot have multiple Examples to play at the same time or you will just burn your Raspberry Pi for example That's not mandatory actually you can do a Successful board like the Raspberry Pi with that one for example, so Here we have a board without a PMIC You have three different components requiring different input voltages So for example three three point three one point eight volts so your external pulse supply supplies five volts, but you Want a different one different voltage in each of your components? It will just go through DC DC converters or what we call it the regulators and that's it so everything is hard-coded hardware hard-coded and It just works But of course there is nicer way to do it. So for example on the at most summer 5d3 explained You have the PMIC in darker gray Which can actually turn on off or Control the voltage The voltage value you want the DC DC converter to output The PMIC does that it handles everything so switching on Controlling the voltage and you have also buttons. So for example the power reset button if you Press the probe button for let's say two seconds. It will ask the system to reboot But if you press it for four seconds, then it's an it's how are hard-coded you just reset manually the poor supply So this is a First kind of PMICs and you can see there are three difference by three Poor supply sorry, so battery AC and USB and he calls it can also handle the recharging of the battery Then we have another one. So for the bigger bone black Still the same components Still the DC DC converters which are controllable with the PMIC the LEDs. So this is quite a Funny feature so you can actually control a lead strip. So Yeah, why not? You have also the poor reset buttons and still the poor supplies and Then you have the overall kill PMIC from X powers the XP 20 X and XP 22 X So you have also GPIOs which can Be used either I as GPIOs or as ADC's you have also ADC's to get current values For example the current current your poor supply is delivering or the voltage Currently supplied by your poor supply You have also RTCs with the backup poor supply so you can have you can keep the time during the reboots Between reboots. So, yeah, that's quite an overview of what you can do without and with a PMIC PMIC. Sorry So as you could actually See there are Commonly integrated features so mainly the the main point of PMIC is to control your regulators The regulators are in the regulator subsystems the drivers which is located in drivers regulators The point is to Still to control if it's on off And also the voltage control I will I will get into that later So the PMIC supplies power to components requiring different input voltages So I controls the regulator actually the DC-DC converters and LDO regulators handle these different voltages So the main both main point of regulators is that you can save power with them So for example, you can decide the components your regulators is supplying for two They are unused or useless for your case for your board.  So you I mean there is a whole number of components you don't supply for two then you of course you save power Some components also Support a range of input voltages. For example, you have GPS which can have as input As boring put between 1.8 and 2.8 volts You want the most power when you want it to fix maybe quicker But if you want to save power, then you will just send it the less power you can handle So the PMIC actually handles all that So the range of input voltages if you want to switch in or switch it on or off The the point of regulators it's it's really the core of the poor consumption and also the poor The raw power With the undervolting and overvolting. This is how you can actually achieve achieve CPU or GPU DVFS So dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. So if you want to really overvolt your CPU to be really fast Then you will need this regulator to adapt and so you can set a really Higher frequency also But if you want really a poor efficient board, you will need to lower at the maximum level of the poor your SOC can handle So without PMIC you cannot actually do it nicely It's so as I said, it's the core of battery life and poor consumption So I'll just give some example of each driver each subsystem impacted by the the PMIC and To illustrate that I will take mostly example from the XP 20 X drivers These one are all mainline instead one. I'll Tell you when it Goes on the slides So here, I will just quickly present the XP 20 X regulators driver So you have a regulator operation structure You set you give him the functions used to set a voltage get the current voltage How to get the list of available voltages how to enable disable and check if the regulator is enabled So Then you will describe your regulator actually you will give it a name. Oh, you cannot see my point Okay, I will give it a name With Oathmatch you will Tell the regulator framework where to find your regulator in the device tree and Regulators node is also the node the parent node of your regulators in a device tree so for example if you have a DC DC to in the root of your Device tree it will not match it because it needs to pound Divide three node to be regulators. So we'll have regulators and then DC DC to So the type is of course voltage regulator for us the idea to match against your code in the driver the number of voltage available voltages so here we have the maximum which is 2.275 volts minus the minimum which is 700 millivolts divided by the steps, which is 25 micro volts So yeah the minimum micro Microvolts you can get to 700 and and go on so then after you have the the register for which you can select the voltages of V cell reg its mask and the enabling register is max mask as well and at the last one is the Structure we defined earlier. So this one so That's it for the description of the regulator then we will have to actually map things together to register and you know the framework the subsystem so here we use a rack map in the regulator config so it's nicely We just take care of the Writing and reading on the same registers at the same time by different regulators so we don't get things messed up and then at the end we just Register all the regulator in the regulator subsystem So that's actually a really strict example, but only the remain part of the code are remained here So next one with the commonly integrated features are the poor supplies, of course need one So here we have three different sports supplies. So the battery the AC and usb The poor supply subsystem is in driver slash post slash your supply The PMIC actually takes care of all possible supported external supply. So here you have the AC so socket USB battery, maybe you can have Solar panel or whatever you can think of It defines as I said the poor sequence of the board It also protects from overvoltage and the voltage for for example a xp's Explorer's PMICs are designed mostly designed for five volts boards, but can handle from 0.3 to 11 volts It chooses actually the most suitable one depending on a study of status of each so for example if your AC but poor supply is plugged in but does not Output enough Current you'll need And there's an USB for supply plugged in and it will just switch over to the years to the USB poor supply And if either of them have an enough current Output it was just mixed them together to have enough current going on in the going in the board It also may handle the battery so recharging taking care of the recharging cycle of the battery So that's actually a nice feature So I will just present quickly the poor supply subsystem as I say it's located in poor slash drivers slash poor slash supply It has typically typically one driver per physical input Poor supplies or for example one driver for the AC one driver for the battery one driver for the USB That's the case actually for the XP 20x It can expose so I'm talking about the subsystem here You can expose really a lot of different data So you have for example the current voltage the current current the current battery capacity the battery type the temperature the Whatever you can think of and if it's missing one then you just can hide it at it, sorry You can set as many data. So for example, it's really interesting to tell the PMIC What is the? The voltage of your battery when it's full fully charged You can also say which which voltage is the highest supported one etc The the information you are Exposing it's really specific to a PMIC. So of course you will you cannot invent an Information your PMIC can give so you have we'll have to check in the data sheet to check if it's supported or not So for example, even in series of the same Vendor so the X powers you have the X XP 20 X which can read the current current and the current voltage of The AC and USB for supply, but the XP 20 X 22 X cannot do it So here we will go with a small example of the XP 20 X USB driver. So for the poor supply driver example it's quite Straightforward and it's already in mainline for a number of release already. So on top you have The properties your PMIC support For this particular Poor supply so for example here we can say if the poor supply present or not So if if it's plugged in your board, what is the minimal voltage allowed for your board and For for this poor supply, sorry And what is the current? voltage of this board of this poor supply Then just at the bottom you have the description of your poor supply so its name its type So for example here, it's USB, but it can be main for AC or battery for the battery poor supply the properties is it is the the structure you defined on the NMU defined on top and an interesting part is that You can say which property is actually writable. So which one you can set That's the function in the middle You just have to say I want here I want the vote the minimum voltage to be set setable by the user from ccfs Then the last two functions or get property and set property are the Function called by ccfs when you ask to read or write to file in ccfs Here is the structure which will be used just after so don't worry You can this is the structure you will fill in or get from ccfs when you write or read to a file so Here is actually the get and set property from What which will be called from ccfs? So get is called when you actually echo to Sorry got a file and set property when you echo to a file So as you can see the union on top of the last argument of the two Functions This is where you will get so in get property get set Sorry your values of involve involve you will put The status of your battery for supply for example USB for supply So here was just call a function in set property you will get the Integrity you put in the file. So you were called in a file. You can get it with with a well in va Then you will have to allocate your Custom structure and put it into driver data so it can be used along the driver codes and Of course where you register your USB for supply driver in the sports supply subsystem So now we can get a little bit more Into miss features So You have to know that all these features are really Specific to some PMICs The the two I presented before so regulators of post supply are really common things among PMICs, but this one are really Specific so for example You have the buttons so they are present in the one In the 8 mil some of 5d3 explained the big old bone black and the for example the chip and This is used to shut down your system based on how long you press your button Dpio so for example the XP PMICs have several pins you can use either either as a Dpio or ADC RTC with backup battery a few goals. I'll get more deeply into that later more deeper and the ADC to get actually current data value for the poor supplies present in the system So I'll just present the two main Miss features in the XP drivers. So here we have the ADCs and I'll also present The fuel gauge So ADC is the way to get current data values So the current current the current voltage the internal temperature the consumed current the discharging or charging current The battery percentage whatever you PMIC can tell you It's often stored in registers of an embedded ADC So within the PMIC the proper way to do it is to have a driver specific to this part of the PMIC so for the ADC and impacted subsystem is the ADC in IO so drivers slash IO slash ADC So a small example of the XP 20x ADC driver So here we have the small define which will be using the next slide. So you set Actually the type of your ADC channel. So if it's temperature voltage current Power whatever and if you have many different Channel of the same type you will have to index them. So that's why there is indexed equal one equals one If it indexed you have to tell him which index it is. So channel is here for that Well, how will you will also have address which is the registers in register in which you will have to write or read to get the value and also the Data you can get from these ADC channel. So for example here you have the raw values and the scale But you can also have the offset for example. So it's everything you need to compute process value and of course you have the datasheet name so everyone can Understand better your the relation between your driver and the datasheet so then after you just have indexes so the The one which will be put in channel actually so then We'll use the define I've Briefly presented before so XP 20 x ADC channel and you will do you will create an array With all the channels you can Get from the the PMIC So here you have VBS V from the USB for supply Which gives the IO voltage the current IO voltage of your poor supply and the register is here Which will be read to get the values or XP 20 x Phoebus V ADC H and Then you will define ADC scale which I will call in the next slide to tell How to compute or what is the for the scale for your channel?  So here it's the first value to the point of all will store the the number before the comma and fall to will Store the number after the comma which but in micro Scale and if you don't have any scale for For channel just return minus a nva So here here are the the functions which will be called when you read from ccfs So read row when you write to the ccfs so write row you have to unlike the poor supply framework there is no mean to say this Property is writable this Channel is you can get it. You can set scale offset. You have to check all the the the channel you added to your driver you have to Check if you want it to be writable or not So here in read row it will be called either for the raw values to get one to get the scale or the offset so here we get the raw values for the USB poor supply and the scale as well and at the end you have the IO infrastructure which stored the Function used to read or write from ccfs Then of course your I Said that your To get actually current values for your poor supply driver So not this one the poor supply driver with read your ADC driver Which in turn will read the register so there is no direct access from the poor supply to the register storing the ADC values So of course the you need a way to map the ADC driver and the poor supply driver So there is to it. There are two ways to do that. The first one is to use IO map structures So as it's presented here and the second one is to use device three P handles and Yeah, so We went with this one for particular reason which is explained in the mailing list So, oh, I forgot this this driver is still pending. It's close to be merged, but still not So here you map actually your driver, so you say the consumer Dev name is the poor supply driver. So here it's a XP 20 X dash USB dash poor dash supply and and You give him the consumer channel. So the name under which your poor supply driver. So your consumer will ask for the The channel and Also the ADC channel level. So it's the name within this driver. So the ADC driver. So for example Here you have V bus V But maybe we can call it USB voltage. Then you will have to say ADC channel level is USB ADC voltage So we also map the current for the USB poor supply and then We just have to register it. So here are a lot of different settings. So You set the name You set the parent node and also the mode. So on top on the top right You have the modes. So here it's direct mode. So it directly access the value, but you can have hardware or software buffer mode and Info is a customer structure You have also the channels. So the the channels we declared before so Here XP 20x ADC channels on top and Then after you just register it in a map So and you register of course your ADC driver in the IO subsystem So now with this your poor supply driver can actually get the values directly from the ADC driver so Here we have in your Get property. So when you read a ccfs file, you will ask the ADC driver to get the process value. So the Row value times the scale plus the offset and It's worth noting that the ADC subsystem expose values as Micro units while the poor supply Framework as for No, sorry Millie units for the for the ADC driver and micro units for the poor supply driver. So of course you have to do times a thousand Then you set the poor supply Provol so if it's an integer you just put it in involve So now to actually get your ADC channel You just need to do IO channel get and You put here Vibus V which is the name you put in your I am on IO map structure So for example here, it was Vibus V So consumer channel, but maybe we can put any other Name so this if I remember well, this is System-wide so For example, if you you can have in ADC channel Amongst all the ADC drivers any name for your For so the name in the datasheet But if you have to have different Unique name for the the consumer channel so you can get actually the right one With IO channel get because you don't need to know which is the ADC drivers feeding you data So you just have to get the channel before registering in the poor supply framework so a small word on fuel gauge because that's a trick pot So the battery percentage is actually approximated from its voltage. So for example, you say a battery at four volts it's it's equals to a battery charge at 40 percent and Battery at 3.6 volts. It's 20 percent of charge So the battery voltage does not linearly decrease in time or load So it's rather a curve which we call the open circuit voltage curve or CV curve The curve is battery specific. This is really important to get so It might be given by the battery vendors. You might have to actually Do it yourself so to charge and discharge a battery fully a battery It also depends on the environment if the room is hot cold humid try The number of charges you have done with the battery the age of the battery the usage you have How you use your battery The battery percentage Approximation by software must be done in user space. We don't want any computation hard compensation approximation in the kernel But some PMICs like the XP 20 X Have some register in which you can put the points of your or CV curve So the PMIC will actually do itself the approximation and return you the the I mean right almost right battery percentage So this is fine for us So you use poor supply pro voltage OCV so if software approximated you only give the points of the OCV curve and Then after with a user space application you approximate the actual battery percentage If it's hardware approximated like it's in the X powers XP 20 X or XP 22 X You can actually get and set the points defining OCV curve used in the PMIC So you give him the points so he can actually compute and approximate battery percentage by itself So I'll just I pointed a small Explanation by TI here So It's really fast Quick overview of this why it's important to get your OCV curve right so for example, you have a battery of the red OCV curve and Your PMIC returns your batteries at 3.6 volts So normally your charge would be 20% so we'd have Your battery which is your system should return 20% of battery left But actually you have inputted the the green OCV curve so your battery is at 3.6 volts and You have your system returns your battery is actually at 60% of battery That's not That's not good. I mean you cannot have a really efficient poor consumption I mean You get it you you have to you to have the right OCV curve or it's really a useless Data you get from the PMIC So normally the vendor will give it to you, but you might have to take With a constant load get the curve by yourself So as I said, there are a lot of different drivers And also there are drivers which are Linked together so the ADC and the post-applied drivers and The nice way to do it to have everything Probed together is to use an MFD so a multifunction device It will probe the different drivers of the PMIC so-called MFD cells will maps the interrupts to the driver which needs them. So for example, you want the Plug-in interruption of your USB power supply Only in your USB power supply driver, so we'll just map them It usually passes a right map to the MFD cells So it makes sure that the different drivers do not write at the same Register or read the same register at the same time So a small example on this So we have a little bit of the overview of the PMIC in the ball itself. So we have here the regulators ADCs to the buttons to pull different poor supplies and the MFD will actually Probes every single one of them. So the regulators drivers the battery for supply AC for supply USB for supply drivers The ADC driver buttons driver GPO driver. Let's trip driver. Whatever driver there is in there are in your PMIC So here is a little example on the MFD for the XP 20x So first you define your resource for your here for your USB poor supply so you want to get to Define the resource which is the interruption you get from plugging in your USB poor supply and After that you define which Drivers you want to probe so inside the MFD cell array You have the name of your Driver so here the XP 20x USB poor supply driver the OF compatible So for example some drivers need Information from the device tree, so you have the same driver, but some property are different between PMICs between boards and That will do the mapping between the device tree and the MFD cells So it's always the same device The then you just define the resources you will affect to your drivers so to your MFD cell and in the device probing of your MFD driver You just add the devices So here with we use the parent parent node we use the automatic ID selection and we Tell I want to add all these MFD cells So I think that's all yes So that was all for the PMICs with some examples on the XP 20x PMICs So if you have any question You can ask them now or hit me with a mail or whatever I'll be glad to answer them. Is there any question? Okay. All right. Thank you. Have a good day


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In addition to their direct benefits, civic action programs such as this are playing an increasingly important role in combating the Viet Cong propaganda. 45 generals gather in Seoul on August 13th for the commanding general's fourth invitational shooting match. The five event program between general officers and colonels of the Republic of Korea and U.S. armies was held at the picturesque Korean Military Academy range, bordered by pine-studded slopes. Team positions on the morning-long card are decided by lot. Host for the match was General Dwight E. Beach, commander of the 8th U.S. Army. At last year's meet, the first ROK Army walked off with the top prize in the star-studded field which has been dominated annually by Koreans and their firearms. Teams take their places at the firing line for the three rifle events, the carbine M1 and M14. The last two events were shot with 38 and 45 caliber pistols at a distance of 25 yards. 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The M79 is designed to furnish the squad with grenade protection between the maximum distance a man can throw a grenade, and the minimum ranges a mortar can be fired. The M60 machine gun has a cyclic rate of fire of 550 rounds per minute, and with its quick change barrel, offers a great advantage over the old caliber 30 machine gun. The M60 can be hand-held, mounted on a bipod, or tripod. The 50 caliber machine gun has a semi, as well as full automatic capability. When equipped with a telescopic sight, it may be used as a sniper weapon. The 90-millimeter recoilless rifle replaces the 3.5 rocket launcher as an anti-tank weapon. Upon impact, the round burns its way through the tank hull, and the molten metal then ricochets killing the crew. It can be fired from the monopod or from the shoulder. The 106-millimeter recoilless rifle is the company's long-range anti-tank weapon. The 81-millimeter mortar is a widely used weapon and is normally placed in support of the rifle company. For spectators and recruits alike, a good show.


I'm adding some three-quarter inch dug holes to a temporary workbench top. This top is just sitting on top of my samurai carpenter saw stallions. Those are my saw horses that are too nice to be called saw horses so I call them saw stallions but anyway I've just got those underneath here and then I've got a piece of plywood actually two layers on top of here and it's really anchored down to my saw horses and it's a temporary workbench but now I want to add some three-quarter inch dug holes. As I was trying to use this 90 degree device for drilling I was having a little trouble because of the small base of stabilizing my drill. It's not overly critical in this situation. It struck me that I could take my base off of my router. This was a concept that Jesse, the samurai, came up with for stabilizing your router and that has been a godsend and I'll link you to both my video on building this as well as his video. All I did was simply mark out where I needed some attachment holes for this device, this 90 degree drilling device. The drill is separate from this little device. I'll put a link to this down below in the description so I just attached it to this that gave me the ability to put some clamps on there and stabilize things really really well. All right so here I go I'm going to give this a test and see if I can get a nice 90 degree hole. I know I got tear out down below that's obviously going to happen on plywood when you plunge through like that but that's all right that's the underside and I'm not worried about tear out in this case. That was my experiment let's see how we did here. I'm clamped this puppy massive tear out upright that worked pretty cool


Hello and welcome to this session. This is Professor Farhat in which we would look at section 1031 exchanges Section 1031 exchanges falls under the concept of the third gains and the third losses Something that I covered briefly in the prior session. So if you're not sure what the deferred gain What's a realized gain is please look at the prior session but now we need to discuss what is the idea of Section 1031 exchanges which is part of this concept of the third gain and the third losses So what's the big idea think about a company that owns a building and they want to update this building They want to sell and update to a new building. So they want to go go ahead and buy this building So what can they do? Well one option is they can sell this building and let's assume They can sell this building for the sake of illustration for a million dollar Let's make it five Let's assume they can sell this building for five million. That's the amount realized minus the adjusted basis and the adjusted basis for this building. Let's assume is three million So the adjusted basis is three. They would realize a gain of two million. This is the Realized gain now from this realized gain if they did indeed sell it Let's assume they're gonna have to pay for simplicity 20 20 percent in taxes They're gonna have to send the government a 400 000 dollar attacks bill for selling this building well They're gonna take this money and buy this building Well, hold on a second. Let's see what happened here They sold the building but what they really did they replaced their building Let's assume they bought this building. I don't know for eight million or whatever amount They bought it for it doesn't really matter the amount that they bought the building But the point is they sold the building and they purchased the building So the the congress says look this transaction does not warrant that you pay taxes if this is what you are doing however Why don't you do a 1031 exchange basically exchange this building for this building in this way Your gain rather than realized it will be the third. So that's the idea of Section 1031 exchange You defer your gain By doing what by doing an exchange replacing your building with a new building So the transaction would look as an exchange not would look as a sale and simply put you did not sell this Building you did not sell this building and you deposited that money in your account Or you would you would draw this money from the company and you use it for personal use what you did is You sold the building and you replaced it therefore You don't have the ability to pay taxes because you you use those funds. So based on that logic Section 1031 comes into the picture where you don't have to pay taxes on that gain You will have to defer this gain. So that's the basic idea before we proceed any further I have a public announcement about my company farhat lectures.com Farhat accounting lectures is a supplemental educational tool That's going to help you with your CPA exam preparation as well as your accounting courses My CPA material is aligned with your CPA review course such as becker, roger, wiley, gleam, miles My accounting courses are aligned with your accounting courses broken down by chapter and topics My resources consist of lectures multiple choice questions true false questions as well as exercises Go ahead start your free trial today. No obligation. No credit card required And here's what you have to understand A non-recognition treatment for gain and losses is granted for qualified like kind exchanges Now we are not going to go into the nitty gritty of what's considered like kind exchange But on the CPA exam and your accounting course on in the enrolled agents exam They will tell you this is a qualified like kind exchange basically simply put For example, if you have a building if you exchange it for a warehouse, they're pretty flexible Now bear in mind A qualified like kind exchange. We need to know what type of properties we have we are dealing with We are dealing with real properties real properties means real building land something that's attached to the land It's not only has to be real. It has to be used for trade or a business or health for production of income or health for investment So this real property it has to be used in business. It cannot be Personal use property. It cannot be personal properties. Remember, we have personal properties and personal use property The asset exchange must be like kind and nature or character and must serve as a replacement property So remember the idea is you sold the old building To replace it with a new building again, it doesn't have to be building. It could be a warehouse. That's fine as well So personal properties like furniture computer desks those they don't qualify even if they are used in a business They don't qualify personal use property. Obviously. They don't qualify including Personal use property including real personal use property even if you have a land for personal use A building for personal use in a house that doesn't qualify Inventories don't qualify securities partnership interests that don't qualify for this type of exchange So let's kind of zoom in we are dealing with real properties And those real properties are used in a business or health for production of income or as an investment Those are the assets that qualify under section 10 31 In a like kind exchange The taxpayer relative economic position changes in form but not in substance and this is this is the whole idea is Yes, you did sell a building buy a building But your economic position did not change. You still have a building. It's a new building Nevertheless, it's a building. In fact, the newly acquired asset Is considered a continuation of the taxpayers old investment. So that's why we don't Make you pay taxes on the gain in an exchange like this An exchange transaction that qualify for the like kind exchange to generally produce Beneficial consequences to the taxpayer. However, it's not tax-free transaction Realized gain and losses Are the third it means they are pushed forward to a future period Unless the taxpayer received receives both now on the exchange sometime you might receive a boot. What is a boot? A boot when the other party remember those the two parties that are exchanging they have to be equal So sometime to equalize the deal The other party might have to pay you cash or give you some boot like stocks or something in In addition to the cash in addition to the property to equalize the deal under those circumstances if you receive a boot The boot might be taxable and we would look at the formula for that taxable amount Always remember that the deferred gain and losses are subsequently recognized when the property is disposed of in a taxable transaction And we're going to see how the concept of that deferral Let's take a look at this simple example to illustrate the overall concept under a non-taxable exchange NIA exchange building with an adjusted basis of 150 with a fair value of 195 So the fair value that she gave up was 195 The adjusted basis of that property was 150 And she exchanges for a land for 195 remember Exchange must be equal. So if I gave up 195 if NIA gave up 195 she expect to receive and return 195 of value which she did Now in her exchange NIA realized a 45 000 gain because The The building was 195 fair value adjusted basis 150 the difference is 45 if she we assume that if she sold it She would realize so the realized gain Is equal to 45 now since she sold the building and bought another real property for business Then the gain the 45 000 gain will be the third will be the third The third means we're going to see what does it mean later? It means it's not tax Tax now it will be taxed later So remember in any transaction the fair market value of the asset given should equal to the fair market value of the asset received or asset or assets received Because the assumption is we are dealing with two rationale individual two rationale parties So if I give up 195 I expect to receive and return 195 just keep that in mind as we're going through this Now let's take a look at when boot is involved Taxpayer are required to recognize a gain in a transaction that qualify under like kind exchange treatment if they Receive a boot so the first thing I want you to understand is if you receive a boot not if you pay a boot And think of boot for now just think of it is cash But it can be other than cash it can be cash securities inventory anything that you give to equalize the deal Boot has defined Any property involved in the exchange other than the like kind exchange it can be cash It could be net debt relief simply somebody paying taken over your debt That's basically given you money or other non qualified property In general the receipt of a boot not the payment triggers a gain Recognition now how much is the gain when boot is involved? So we have to know Okay, we're gonna have a gain, but it doesn't mean the whole gain will be Realized Let let's see the gain will be the lesser of The gain realized or The fair value of the boot received so after you compute the gain You're gonna have to look at the gain and compare it to the gain realized and the fair value of the boot received And the lower of these two amount one or two the lower of these two is the amount that's going to be taxable Losses are the third even when boot is received for losses. It does not matter for losses You defer them you defer them for later So remember we're only dealing with gains An exception applies when the boot consists of non qualified property other than cash In which case the giver of the boot may recognize a gain or a loss on the exchange for the difference between the boot Property fair value and it's adjusted basis and we'll work an example Okay, so bear in mind if you're exchanging something other than the non qualified property For example securities inventory something other than the section 1031 assets and You're exchanging it. It's as if you sold it got the cash and pay the cash So if you exchange it you might have to recognize A gain or a loss because it's basically it's a separate transaction Gains or losses on an unlike kind property are not allowed to be deferred and don't worry We will work an example about this. So we'll work an example showing you this Let's take a look at examples with boot received And a transaction that qualifies for like kind exchange treatment under section 1031 Emily exchange a building with an adjusted basis of 100 fair value of 210 So the fair value is 210 the adjusted basis of 150 If she sold this building she would have a realized gain of 60 And she exchanged it for a parcel of land with a value of 195 Well, that's not enough because I gave up something that's worth 210 In addition Emily received $15,000 in cash. So the other party gave her the land But that's not enough because that will not equal to 210. She gave up to 10 Plus they gave her 15,000 in cash now We have what we called boot received, but at least we see that the exchange is equal What is the amount of the gain or the loss that Emily should recognize in this exchange of this transaction? Well, let's first take a look at the realized Emily realized $60,000 Of gains and I showed you how what's the difference between 210 and 150 Given that she received $15,000 in cash, which is a boot. She is required to recognize the lesser of 60,000 or 15. Well, it's either the gain or the Boot received the lesser of these two the lesser of these two is 15. Therefore 15,000 is Is Realized realized so simply put of the 15 of the 60,000 15,000 is taxable now Is realized and the remainder 45 is The third the third for later so the 45,000 is the third until Emily sells that land into the future in the future Assume that Emily exchange a building with an adjusted basis of 200 and fair value of 210 Now changing the scenario a little bit For a land that's valued of 180 and received cash of 30,000 Now again Now what we're doing now is we are assuming the fair value is 210 The basis is 200 so we have 10,000 of gain The land that you received is 80 plus 30,000 in cash What's the amount of the gain or the loss that she recognized on this exchange? Let's go through it again The realized is 10,000 And she received so the realized gain is 10,000 which is the difference between 210 and 200 and the boot that she received in the exchange is 30,000 Okay, now, what do we have to do as a result? We will choose the lesser of realized gain in boot the realized gain is 10,000 is the lower of the two Let's take a look at another example Assume that Emily exchange a building with an adjusted basis of 200 and a fair market value of 190 Well, what does that mean? Is if we take so the fair market value is 190 the adjusted basis is 200,000 If she sells this building she would experience a loss Now she exchanges for a land valued at 185 and received cash of 5,000 So we did receive a boot. What is the amount of gain or loss? We already know that we have a loss of 10,000 from the exchange realized loss computed as the difference between 190 and 200 also Emily received a cash Boot of 5,000 to equalize the deal because the land is worth 185 The owner of the land had to give Emily another 5,000 to come up to 190 The receipt of the boot does not trigger the recognition of a loss So the loss would always be deferred remember that as a result Emily does not have any recognized gain or loss The entire loss is Postponed until the property is subsequently sold remember we don't recognize a loss If we receive a boot it doesn't matter the loss is always deferred Let's look at an example with boot given Emily exchange a building with an adjusted basis of 200 and fair value of 210 For a land that's worth 215 Now Emily also have to pay cash because she gave up a land That's worth 210 and she received something worth 215 to equalize the deal She's going to have to pay 5,000 Now she give up 215 she received 215 What's the amount of the gain or the loss that Emily should recognize? Emily realized a gain of 10,000 which is the difference between 200,000 the fair value of the of the building and its adjusted basis Now Emily in this situation Paid a boot Paid not did not receive well. Therefore She does not have to recognize Any gain therefore the entire amount is postponed. She did not receive the cash. She paid the cash So remember the boot makes a difference with the gain if the boot is received Emily exchange Emily exchange a building with an adjusted basis of 200 with a fair market value of 180. What do we have here? We have a loss And she exchanges for a land that's worth 210 now Emily She's going to have to equalize this deal because she received a land that's worth 210 She gave up a fair value of 180. She's going to have to come up with the difference The difference Emily also gave Boot with an adjusted basis of 15 and a fair value of 30. So she has to give up another 30,000 Okay, so now she gave up to to 10. She received to 10. She's good What is the amount of the gain or loss? Emily should recognize on this exchange. Well, let's take a look at this transaction slowly Emily would realize a net loss Of 5000 in this exchange being the difference First the fair market value Of the asset given up. So she gave up the asset 200,000 minus 80 I'm sorry. Let's put the 180 first not 180 not 80 So the fair value of the asset she gave up 200,000 if she sold this asset She would realize a loss of 20,000. That's the first thing Then she gave up Another property and that property is worth 30,000 And the basis of that property is 15. So we have another Transaction 30 minus 15 would give her a gain Of so this is a gain. This is a loss and that's why we said the net is 5,000 loss. So the net is 5,000 loss. However, just having these loss, let's go through them slowly The net loss stems stems from the realized loss of 20,000 on the like kind exchange And realized loss on the boot. Okay. Emily is required to recognize the gain So she cannot net those two out. You would say, okay, but isn't 20,000 gain 20,000 loss minus the 15 gain. Yes, these two exist No netting you don't net them. You're not allowed to net them. Okay So Emily is required to recognize the loss on the on the boot, but the further realized gain. So simply put the 20,000 loss That she realized on the land. That is the third and the 15,000 gain is realized yes Is realized now in total in total you would say it's a net realized of 5,000 and loss That's realized But when it comes to recognition 20,000 of the loss is the third you cannot net it against the 15,000 gain that is realized Remember what I told you earlier. I told you if the asset is not a like kind exchange But it's part of the deal. It's a separate transaction. It's treated separately and this is what I meant by That separate transaction the 15,000 gain on I don't know what she gave up She gave up some boot. Let's assume stocks that are worth 30 with a adjusted basis of 15 She's gonna have to pay taxes on those separate transaction. Just be aware of this Basis of property received now we're gonna look at when you receive the property now We understand the realized gain realized loss all that now we need to understand How do we compute the basis of the property received? So when we receive the property the basis of the like kind exchange received should reflect any the third gain or the Third loss. So this is where we bury or not bury Basically the third the gain or the loss. So remember we have a the third gain at the third loss I told you it's the third the third until when the third until now when we compute the basis Here's what's gonna happen. We're gonna look at the fair value of the property received There are two ways to do it first. We're gonna use at the fair value method We would look at the fair value of property received Plus we're gonna add the loss not recognized or the third simply put plus Any the third loss the loss that's not recognized just to kind of kind of define it Minus any gain that's not recognized, which is the gain the third simply put fair market value of the property plus loss the third Minus gain The third I just defined it here loss not recognized as the third kind of to remind you it's not recognized Why now we have to kind of it's good to logically understand this? I mean you can memorize why do we add the loss? Why do we subtract the gain? But let me explain it to you because it's worth spending a few minutes on this just to kind of really understand it So you have no doubt when you say I am adding the loss or subtracting the gain. Let's assume you receive You receive a property that's worth $10,000.  If you had a deferred loss and you understand how we come up with the deferred loss from the prior From the prior lecture what we did earlier we learned how to compute the deferred loss So we're going to take this deferred loss and add To the value of the property that we received as a result. We're going to have basis of 13,000 So the question is why do we add the loss? How is that deferring the loss? Here's what's going to happen In the future what you did here is you increased your basis. So in the future, let's assume in the future You sold this asset for 20,000 sell sell it for 20,000 in the future Okay, so what happened is this This 20,000 if you sold it into the future and 20,000 you compare it to the 13,000 the gain will be seven Okay, so what happened is this If you if you did not add the deferred loss and the basis was 10,000 which is the fair value of the asset received your gain will be 10,000 your gain will be 10,000 Which is the difference between 20 and 50 20 And 10 so what happened when you added this $3,000 loss? It reduces your gain from 10 To seven So by increasing your basis by increasing your basis you reduced your gain So you accounted for that loss later when you sold this asset now. You're saying okay now if I sold it again What if I sold it at a loss? Well, if you sold this asset at a loss, let's assume you sold this asset for Let's make it 6,000 if you sold this asset for 6,000 later into the future you will compare six to the 13 Well six to the 13 is seven Okay, rather than comparing six to the 10 if we compare it six to the 10 the loss will be four Now the loss is seven So what you did is you recapture that loss down the road when you sold this asset So by deferring the loss you increase the basis by increasing the basis You're either going to reduce the gain in the future or increase your loss, which is you recapture your loss Now the same concept would apply If you receive an asset of fair market value of 10,000 and now we have a deferred gain of 3,000 the deferred gain of 3,000 it would reduce your basis the 7,000 So how would reduce in my basis deferred my gain? Same concept in the future If you sold this asset for 20,000 in the future and your basis is seven You have a gain of 13 Okay Now if you sold it for 20 and your basis was 10 Your gain will be Your gain that's where am I doing losses here? So 20 minus seven 20 minus seven equal to 13 gain This is so basically what happened is you recaptured that additional 3,020 minus 10 if you did not reduce your basis Your gain will be 10. So what happened this the third gain was recaptured later on So this is what we meant by this Okay, and if you sold it at a loss, let's assume you sold it for 5,000 You compare the 5,000 to 7,000 and you only have 2,000 of losses versus if you sold it for 5 in the basis What's then you would have a losses of Five so simply put that the third gain would increase your gain in the future Or reduce your loss in the future. So it doesn't go away but By burying the the third gain and the third loss into the new asset it will be it will be recaptured down the road On the other hand the basis in the boot received is the fair value of the boot. So if you received a boot The fair value of the boot is the basis. So if you received cash, if you received 10,000 in cash Well, the basis of the cash is 10,000 if you received the boot The basis of that boot is the fair value of the boot. So that's separate from the like kind exchange asset Let's look at an example Miriam exchange in office building she uses in her business for a land that has a fair value of 523 At the time of the exchange the office building has an adjusted basis of 48 So the difference between 523 and 523 and 480 Is her gain is her realized gain And a fair market Let's take a look at an example Miriam exchange in office building She uses in her business for a land has a fair value of 523 So she got a land with a fair value of 523 at the time of the exchange The office has an adjusted basis of 480 and a fair value of 523 Now we know that Miriam will have a gain a realized gain at least 523 minus 480 Okay, let's take a look at this determine the amount of the gain realized and recognized. Well, let's first look at the gain Given that this is a like kind exchange it qualified under section 1031 The gain is the difference between 523 and 480 which is a gain of 43,000 Look, she did not receive any boot Therefore the total gain is deferred The question is what is her basis? What is her basis on the property the basis in the property? Remember the fair market value of the asset received the fair market value that the of the asset received is 523 Then we reduce it by any deferred gain minus 43 the deferred gain So the basis is 480 so 523 Plus the deferred loss which is 0 minus the deferred gain equal to 480 therefore her basis is 480. So what happened? By deferring the gain We lower the basis So in the future when we sell when she sells this land her basis are lower Which make her gains are higher or if we show that at a loss her losses will be smaller Which is with which is we recapture the gain Now let's take a look at another example. Assume now that the building has an adjusted basis of 480 And a fair value of 420. So what we did here? We changed the value and now we have a loss loss And the land that she received is 420 But now she has a loss Miriam has a loss because she exchanged a building that has a loss Determined the amount of the gain Realized if any and and the basis well actually she received a lot. She She realized a loss, which is 480 minus 420 Now what are we going to do with this loss? What do we do with losses? Remember? We always defer the losses We don't have to worry about About realizing the loss because it's always deferred The loss should be deferred. Therefore the loss recognized as zero and her basis will be The fair value of the asset received plus the deferred loss minus the deferred gain We have no deferred gain therefore what we did with the loss we deferred it and how do we defer it? We increase the basis of the asset Let's take a look at this example and a transaction that qualifies for like kind exchange treatment Jane and George exchanges the following asset Jane gave up a building with a basis of 25 and a fair market value of 120 so right there we would say that 120 minus 25 Jane will have a realized gain realized gain of 95 George gave up a building with the basis of 30 And a fair value of 90 and a security with the basis of 20 and a fair value of 30 Okay, so what George gave up is a building that's worth 90,000 with the basis of 30 Now we have a gain here of 60,000 on the building But that's not enough because if George gave up only 90 and Jane gave him 120 Well, he's going to have to give up something else cash or boot and to give up securities with the basis of 20 fair value of Fair value of 30 basis of 20 therefore 30 minus 20 Equal to 10 this is also Realized and we immediately say this is also Recognized why realized and recognized? Because the securities are not part of the like kind exchange So usually you have to understand from this transaction immediately We have 10,000 that's realized and recognized and we have 60,000 here of gain that's realized We're gonna have to find out how much of it is recognized or not So make sure we are starting from this point here. Okay. Now. We also have to understand for George The basis that he gave up What he gave up is what he gave up in total what George gave up in total is 120, right? Which is the let me change colors here, which is the building And the securities total of 120. He have to do this because he received A total of 120. Now, what's his basis? Well his basis we would say 30,000 here And what what's gonna happen is since this amount will be realized and recognized his basis will be the 30,000 So his total gain Will be 60,000 Why because The basis of the securities becomes 30,000 now we can go back and say, okay Let's assume the basis is 10 and we're gonna see what would happen. Okay, but this is what we have at this point So let me show you the figures and we would assume that the basis of the securities is 20 and we're gonna get to the same answer But let's look at this. Let's first look at Jane Jane fair value of property received 90 plus 90 plus 30 equal to 120 And this is basically what she gave up 120 minus her basis will give her a realized gain of 95 So for Jane, we already computed this a realized gain of 95 She received a boot of 30,000, which is the securities Well, how much is she gonna recognize the lesser of 95 and 30 the lesser of is 30 and she will defer 65 so of the 95,000 for Jane The taxable amount right now is 30 and the deferred amount is 65,000 now Let's look at George We said George's fair value of the asset given up is 120 in total And we're gonna consider the basis as 30 because George paid 10,000 in taxes on the securities. Therefore, it's gonna increase his basis to 30 therefore realized gain is 60 received no boot There's no gain recognition Then the deferred amount is 60 Now, let's assume we we we did this in a different way. Let's assume. We said, okay, George gave up Which is this is what we did here actually gave up two asset for one He had the gain of 60,000 a realized gain And for the other one, he had a gain of 10,000, which is realized and recognized simply put if we assume that 120 and we assume the basis rather than 60 use it as 50 120 minus 50 is 70,000 Of the 70,000 10,000 of this gain is has to be realized because it's a non non like kind exchange We go back to 10,000 gains realized And 60,000 deferred So whether you said the basis they're not really 60 they're 50 Okay, if you want to say the basis are 50 for George Then George will have a total of 70,000 of gain 10,000 immediately recognized and what's left is Deferred that's basically how it works or you can say 120 and I'm going to assume his basis In the land is 30 in the securities is 30 because he paid the taxes Therefore the gain is 60 and now all of it is deferred, which is it we come back to the same Answer because we recognize the 10,000 separately Okay, let's go go ahead and summarize this The securities are not part of the like kind exchange. Therefore George has to recognize The difference between 30 and 10 30 and 20 as a gain which is a 10,000 dollar gain as a result the adjusted basis of the property given up Is equal to the adjusted basis of the building Which is 30,000 plus the fair value of the securities given up the fair value 30,000 Which is 30 plus 30 will give us the 60,000. This is just another Way to look at it Now determine Jane and George's basis for the like kind exchange. What is the formula? Well, the formula is this fair value of the property received minus the deferred gain plus the deferred loss Let's take a look at this for Jane Fair value of property received is 90,000 That's what Jane received fair value of property received 90,000 And the deferred gain was 65 Therefore the basis is 25 George the fair value of the property received is 120 the deferred gain is 60. Therefore the basis is Again the fair value of the property received now. You might be saying Hold on a second. Didn't Jane receive the additional 30,000? Yes, she did receive the additional 30,000, but that was not part of the like kind Property that was not part of the like kind property another way to compute the basis is using the what's called the code approach I prefer the fair value approach But you I want to show you the code approach in case it's in your cpr view course or in your book The code approach is basically starting with the basis of like kind asset given So you start with the basis versus the fair market value approach where you start with the fair market value received Then you add to it adjusted basis of the boost of the boot given if you're giving if you are Giving any boot you will add the adjusted basis and this makes sense if your paying cash should increase your basis If you recognize any gain in the transaction, you will increase your basis Remember if you recognize the gain it means you already paid the taxes on that gain If you paid the taxes the amount becomes part of your basis. Remember gain recognized is means what it means you pay the taxes If you pay the taxes it should increase your basis because the basis are not taxable the basis are already kind of You already pay the taxes for them. So this is important to understand this once you pay the taxes on something That becomes part of your basis Minus fair value of boot received so if you receive any boot obviously if you receive benefit cash That's going to be reduce your basis Less any loss recognize if you recognize the losses It's going to reduce your basis because you already recognize the loss you took the deduction If you took the deduction you cannot take it twice you took the deduction Guess what reduce your basis you took the deduction you cannot take the deduction And don't change your basis you took the deduction reduce your basis Okay Let's go back to the example To the previous example between George and Jane and let us determine the basis and the property using the code approach Well, Jane gave up a building with a basis of 25 and a fair value of 120 George gave up a building with the basis of 30 and a fair value of 90 and the securities with the basis of 20 And a fair value of 30 basically the same example Let's do Jane first Jane recognize a gain of 30 000 if you remember the fear that the the lower between remember we We said it's the gain was 95 the realized gain was 95 And the boot was 30 so we recognize the lower of the two of 30 000 So let's take a look at the Jane using the code approach She's going to start with her basis the basis of the property she gave up is 20 25 000 so we start We start with the basis 25 000 adjusted basis of boot giving Jane did not give any boot Gain recognized Yes, she recognized you remember 30 000 Since she recognized 30 000 that amount was taxable to her because it's taxable It's going to increase her basis. So that's why plus recognized gain Minus fair fair market value of boot received. Well, the boot received is 30 000 If she recognizes the gain on it, she's going to have to deduct this Minus any loss recognized loss recognize is zero. Well, her basis is 25 000 which is back to the same formula that we worked with Gave us 25 000 so you add what the gain was recognized Then you subtract any fair market value of boot received if you receive the boot It should be removed from the formula So 25 000 and notice here we have using the fair market value approach We got to how much we got to 25 000 as well. So notice in either way you will get the 25 000 now Let's do the same thing But computing the basis for George using the Code approach. So let me go back and show you that The basis for Jane. Give me one moment, please. Let's go back to that slide. I went back very far Okay So notice Jane is 25. Now we're going to go back to George and recognize Compute the basis of 60 000. Okay, let's let's look at the code approach now for George for George Adjusted basis of like kind asset giving the adjusted basis. Let me just look at the numbers here The adjusted basis George give up a building of 30 000 That's the adjusted basis of the like kind asset given plus the adjusted basis of the boot giving And he also gave a boot with an adjusted basis of 20 adjusted basis of 20 Remember when he gave up this boot of adjusted basis of 20 The fair value of that boot was 30 30 plus 20. Remember this triggered again again, that's realized and Recognized so there is a recognized gain of 10 000 Minus fair value of boot received George did not receive receive any boot minus loss recognize George did not recognize any loss 30 plus 20 plus 10 equal to 60 And this is the code approach again the code approach and the fair fair market value approach should give you the same answer Which is 60 000 and the basis for George is 60 000 So make sure you are comfortable and understand how the code approach works because the code approach It has more pieces and if you understand the pieces of it, you should be in good shape What should you do now? Whether you are a cpa ea or an accounting student go to farhat lectures dot com Look at additional mcqs through false questions. That's going to help you understand this topic better Section 1031 exchange is an important topic on the cpa exam. You cannot Go to the exam or ea exam or taking An income tax course and not knowing this topic in depth I'm always here to help you. Good luck study hard and stay safe


sup you guys what is going on it's Jacob here welcome back to another reaction video in today's video we're looking at the 44th by my calculator yep 40 yeah 44th best player in the NFL as voted by his peers for the year of 2020 this video came out in July 28th 2020 the current date is December 23rd so first and foremost I want to say thanks for being here but secondly I want to say merry Christmas with that being seedlet's get into it at the details you would say that's the word there's one word that came to mind that I was trying to say I was trying to I was trying to pick it out of my brain I was gonna say it's the detail man it's the detail I can't say exactly why he said that or what for I'm not gonna embarrass myself by trying to predict that but we are gonna hear about it look at the details to be honest man I like Mark Ingram I really do he's he's certainly a personality I've seen him in a few of these other Ravens players videos and well with that being said there's one thing I need to do fuck that looks good doesn't it oh my god that looks absolutely stunning um now I realized that Mark Ingram is not in a Ravens jersey right there so following this video we're gonna look up his stats and look up his story got me the first time it got me the second time you know his energy off the field is just electric it's his fucking voice I'm telling you it's his voice it is crack up juice mine um if he down he ain't gonna be down for long what a guy do you know it's crack up bro I just saw I didn't see those exact ones but I did see a lot of clips like that where he's getting his teammates up and I really enjoyed it and I did think that you know what at least he's gonna be himself forgot he's gonna be unapologetically Mark Ingram the second or the third good the details Mark Ingram is back on the top 100 after dropping 15 touchdowns and another memorable catchphrase what was it that's my king on last year's rookies and then mark camps here and he does the big trust and I guess everybody's on it now yeah yo yo yo big truss what is big truss big truss big truss whoa whoa Lamar Jackson in the flesh yes is that big truss is he calling them are Jackson big truss you see I'm Mark Ingram with the very first play in the back field for the very first and he's running back God that makes me happy he was not easy to bring down yes boy oh my god with that personality underneath that helmet you do want this guy to succeed not afraid nobody I'm gonna have fun watching this guy these holes a lot different what I've seen since I've been with the Raven Lamar in the backfield that obviously makes a defensive coordinator strap a lot yeah oh fuck you go son go son he reminds me of a guy called Matanonu one of my favorite ever rugby players same size same stature same kind of personality I'm not gonna lie although I do believe Mark Ingram is more comfortable with it than Matanonu because just overall you know the person at like the cap on on a rugby players personality and their flair and what they can actually say okay so this is a veteran he certainly is five foot nine two hundred and ten pounds 28th pick in the first round of the 2011 draft he played for the Saints you probably would have thought he'd be a career Saints player but he he got released to the Ravens he's made two pro he's made so three pro balls he won the Heisman trophy fucking joking Mark Ingram junior Mark Ingram the second won the Heisman trophy in 2009 first team all SEC unanimous all-american SEC offensive player of the year sporting news player of the year SEC champion with Alabama played running back for Alabama huh now what were we gonna check before sorry let's go back to May 8th 2018 where he was suspended for the first four games of the season due to violating the policy and performance enhancing drugs in the end he got let go on March 13th 2019 Ingram signed a three year 15 million dollar contract with the Ravens he made his debut with the Ravens in week one against the Dolphins in that game he rushed 14 times for a hundred and seven yards and two touchdowns as the Ravens won 59 10 and I assume in that week that was when this relationship between Ingram and Jackson was formed in week three rushed 16 times for 103 yards and three touchdowns in week nine he rushed 15 times for 115 yards and at the end of the season and by the end of the 2019 season Ingram finished with a thousand and 18 rushing yards and 10 rushing touchdowns to go along with 26 receptions for 247 receiving yards and five receiving touchdowns so he had a total of 15 touchdowns and just over 1250 or 1260 or actually 1265 yards from scrimmage in total for the year okay five foot nine five foot nine I never seen that a person but you don't see that in real life it's total off time for the Ravens fans with their favorite running back Big trust Big trust Big trust Big trust who we got now Jimmy Garoppolo this should be interesting oh these players are just gonna get better and better um Big trust let's just write Big trust into Google and see what comes up here's what the Ravens Big trust means when Justin Tucker took the podium after Sunday's walk-off 49-yard kick to beat the San Francisco 49ers he started with this let's have a look in the spirit of my teammates who have been up here to talk to you guys the last few weeks I should say something like real inspiring Big trust I'm not sure I'm not sure about this one okay but does Tucker know what Big trust means I wish I could tell you with some level of confidence I could tell you what it means to be me it means to me at least give you my best guess really more than anything I'm just trying to fit in I'm the 30 year old dad now I don't think I even was cool and I'm definitely not cool now but Big trust has become the Ravens catch catch phrase this season but what does it mean exactly I asked a smattering of players around the locker room this week and I found out that some Ravens don't know others think they do but don't and some aren't willing to share okay we've got a fair few okay we've got a few um a few explanations here but we do have one by Marquise Brown I can't speak on it you've got to ask those boys Lamar and Mark so it's got to be something between Lamar Jackson and Mark Ingram it's a Ravens thing caught about Robert Griffin the third it honestly originated from a lot of our South Florida guys in our team and it's for us to know and no one to find out we've got tight end Mark Andrews I think it's hard to describe exactly what it means but I think this city the energy in this locker room we all trust each other big trust Jackson said a bunch of people where he's from say it he didn't come up with it doesn't know who did but it's just part of his regular vocabulary so he's brought his Baltimore Jackson said it last year too but it didn't really go mainstream until Ingram repeated it with his own signature style after the Ravens went over the Texans that's when it went big trust anybody else got to say something different about that then come see me I'm right here be more outside the bank if you got an issue with that come see me plus look at this guy's eyes he's a fucking nutter I love the guy anyways it's time to move on in the next video we're looking at Jimmy Garoppolo quarterback for the 49ers and believe it or not this guy will always stick in my mind because because one of the first videos or the first top 100 videos I ever watched of the top 100 players of 2018 and that was the first list that I did and I believe if my memory says me correctly that Jimmy G came in at number 90 on that list and ever since then I've been a fan so guys as always thank you so much for watching consider subscribing consider liking the video if you've enjoyed it and I'll see in the next one peace out guys