Welcome everybody. You are watching a People's Guide to the San Francisco Bay Area with Rachel Brahinsky. I'd like to welcome you all here tonight. I just have a few announcements to make before we get started. First of all, let's see here, I would like to welcome you all to the unceded land of the alone tribal people. We acknowledge the many Ramatush alone tribal groups and families as the rifle stewards of the lands on which we reside, SFPL is committed to uplifting the name of these lands and community members from these nations with whom we live together. SFPL encourages you to learn more about first person culture and land rights and are committed to hosting events and providing educational resources on these topics. I would also like to add that SFPL stands in solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement and supports collective action to end structural, systemic, and institutional racism in our institution and in our communities. As a library, we are here to help our communities by providing useful and factual information. And to start off, I would like to talk about our one city one book, 16th, our 16th one city one book, know my name by Chanel, Chanel Miller. She will be doing, I believe an author talk in March and we have a few other book clubs lined up on the way to find out more. You can go to our website and check out the events calendar. We have all the information on our one city one book there along with the other two programs that I will be introducing to you tonight. One of which is the Black History Every Day Panel, 3.9 Collectives Art of Research, and the President and the Jane Ball Teast Atkins African Americans of San Francisco. Both of these will be running in February. For more information, we can provide the links to it and you can find it on our events calendar on our website. Oh, whoops. I was hoping that screen share only showed the one thing. My apologies for that. Anyway, without further ado, let me present and introduce Rachel Brahinsky. I am going to have to pull up my notes again, so you'll have to excuse that. But Dr. Rachel Brahinsky is a human geographer and associate professor of the University of San Francisco where she is affiliated with the graduate program in urban and public affairs, the politics department and the urban studies program. Her scholarship focuses on race and justice in cities, particularly in California. As a former journalist with a focus on urban policy and social change, her current research investigates the geography of race and property in the San Francisco Bay Area. She earned her PhD in UC Berkeley and her BA at Hampshire College. With that, I'll pass it along to Rachel. Great. Thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you. Let me do... It's great to be here and it's really fun to see these comments. Hello, people who I know. It's very good. It's fun to see your names in the chat. This is in the Zoom. I assume... I think there are people on YouTube and I can't see who you are. It's great that you're here too. So I'm going to share my screen and get this moving. All right. So hi, everybody. And this is a sort of mock-up of the cover of the book. It's not exactly the cover, but it's the same photos that are on the cover of the book and similar colors. And so I just want to thank Norman and Anissa, if I'm pronouncing that correctly, for inviting me to do this talk for the Public Library and for the introduction. I really appreciate it. I'm going to do one more thing there so I can see... Sorry, I need to change my screen a little bit. Okay. Here we go. So it's just... It's terrific to be here and thanks to everybody who's out there. My presentation today is based, of course, on my recently published book, A People's Guide to the San Francisco Bay Area. And this talk is adapted from a talk that I gave in the fall with my co-author Alexander Tarr. It's somewhat different. So if you've been down this road before, it's going to be a slightly different road. So hopefully that's a good thing. And I guess I just wanted to stay for some context. I've been studying San Francisco since 1997, first as a newspaper reporter, then as a doctoral student, and then now as a professor and researcher. And so all of that experience kind of walks with me as I worked on this book and as I kind of thought through how I wanted to do this presentation today, too. So before I dive into the content, I want to acknowledge that while Alexander Tarr and I wrote most of this book and edited the entire manuscript to kind of create one voice, this book owes a great debt to wonderful Bay Area scholars with special expertise in certain aspects of local history.  It's not the royal we. It's actually just that this work, even the parts that I did myself with nobody else helping me feel like the product of collective labor. And so it's important for me to acknowledge that and just kind of recognize that. And it is kind of one of the themes of the book as well you'll see is the kind of importance of and the power of collective collective work, collective efforts. One thing is you'll see a lot of images today. The primary photographer for our contemporary images is Bruce Reinhart. And any photograph without a name attached to it will be his any image that was contributed by someone else or that's from an archive will be noted with their name. I'm pretty sure I got that right throughout the presentation. So watch for those names and otherwise it's Bruce's work. And I want to start with this kind of collage of images from the book just to orient you to the people's guide and give you a sense of the kind of book that this is. What kind of book is it? So this is an unusual book. It's a hybrid of styles and ideas, though it's a guide as you can see in the title. It's also an academic work. It's peer reviewed. It's deeply researched. It's built through a series of more than a hundred short essays about places. And typically we use each place as a starting point for thinking about something larger. For example, the role of public space or the legacy of a particular activist movement or ethnic group. So through the book we're offering stories about places while also kind of reaching for the larger meaning with an emphasis on social justice struggles and on the political and economic tensions that produce those struggles. So the essays are very short and they collectively produce this larger narrative about the social and political geography of the region, how it has been produced and by whom. So that it's shaped like a guidebook means that it's written in a way that we hope will be accessible to a broad public. Also it's part of a series all by UC Press, Laura Polito, Lara Barraclough and Wendy Cheng are geographers who produced the first people's guide and this was on the city and counties of Los Angeles in 2012 and last year another people's guide came out on Boston and there will soon be people's guides to New York and Orange County of all places and then many more. We hope over the years it will be forthcoming as well. So again another piece of the collectivity of this project. The books are all different, the authors are all different, our approaches may even be quite different but there is a common theme of kind of trying to understand people's geographies in urban places in particular, mostly urban places, not always urban. So I'm going to take you on a little journey through the book today and with that all around the Bay Area and so this first slide is an overview of the region that we cover and it's also a guide to our chapters which is how I'm going to do the talk today. So we start in the East Bay in chapter one and then you can see that we head to the South Bay in chapter two up to San Francisco for chapter three and then to the North Bay and Islands mysteriously titled North Bay and Islands chapter four and there's more to the book than this but this is kind of what I'm going to cover today, these are the basics and you know I'm going to leave this map here while I kind of set the scene and frame out some of the big ideas and what I'm going to do is walk you through some of the themes that we cover and speak at more length about just a few of the sites, a few places in each chapter. I'll also sprinkle in a couple of the interviews that we did with people on the ground so you can hear some voices from the field. Excuse me and as you can see so we cover the whole region that was an important political choice at one point we thought is this going to be a People's Guide just to San Francisco or just to some other place we went for the whole region but we start the book in West Oakland and that's not because it's hit it's not because it's transit accessible to San Francisco as you might have read in the New York Times I know I read that in the New York Times but it's because it is in many ways one of the historic centers for so much of what we think of as San Francisco so from intergenerational activism to the painful scars of urban change from the historic visual culture of Victorian homes to the murals that grow and evolve with the community all told West Oakland reflects a really remarkable spectrum of the Bay Area's culture and politics its contradictions its challenges maybe even its hope for the future this is a place for example where mid-century redevelopment devastated the neighborhood but it's also a place where people responded by building movements calling for self-determination and community control and that cry really echoed around the world so in wandering West Oakland you'll intersect with the Bart train tracks as they swoop from under the San Francisco Bay shuttling thousands daily into San Francisco or normally they do right now not so many people but normally shuttling thousands daily into San Francisco and out to the east county suburbs and in the distance you can see the cranes of the port of Oakland our economic gateway to the world you'll almost certainly notice tent camps under the freeway overpasses or in the in-between places where uneven development has produced gaps in the urban fabric and not far from where these houseless folks find shelter you'll also see shiny homes often upgraded Victorians with high-end cars tucked in behind new fences these are the now ubiquitous uh polls of the Bay Area's economic extremes and Oakland is really only one piece of the larger story of course that this tells about people and place from there we take you in all directions from residential neighborhoods to tech campuses from office towers to hiking trails we really do so let's check out some more maps and this will give you a little more of the scope of the book I don't know what size screen you're looking at right now and so it's possible that this is very hard to read the words but don't worry I'm gonna I'm gonna share some of what this says as we kind of go through but basically you'll see some familiar places in this book and some unfamiliar places so we both wanted to cover you know topics that are of some general knowledge to folks in the Bay Area and we also wanted to cover places and people and movements that were less known and so you'll see a variety of kind of content this is the East Bay of course there were 26 sites and then the other thing to know about the book is that almost every site not every single one but most also has a nearby site mentioned or related sites mentioned so really the book is kind of referencing maybe 300 sites or something like that and just only about 100 of them get a get a full write up um here's the South Bay and Peninsula and you'll see we cover a lot of territory there we had a great debate as we were putting the book together about what constitutes the South Bay is Fremont part of the South Bay or not if you're from there you'll understand the debate I think and then we wanted to in the end include the entire peninsula all the way up to Daily City which as you can see is right on the edge of San Francisco but didn't make it into the San Francisco chapter so we're organized in this way and each chapter as you can see you know we have the kind of regional map and then a zoomed in map for the cluster of sites that are often in the urban core of whatever the the chapter's covering so in this case San Jose for the South Bay San Francisco has 33 sites and you can see that they're clustered around the downtown and the kind of central core of the city the mission western addition those kinds of neighborhoods there are a few elsewhere around the city there could have been way more we could do a whole book just on this city but we didn't do it that way so this is what we did and then North Bay and Islands where and the islands are you know Angel Island and Alcatraz Island and the Feralon Islands not all of which are always associated with the North Bay but we put them in this chapter and and we can talk about why sometime if you want to know but so this is the organization and so how does it all come together why does all matter what were we thinking about to answer that I'm going to start with this image of a Black Lives Matter demonstration you may have noticed a dot on the East Bay chapter map I'll show it again later so you can check it out that was out in the middle of the Bay Bridge and many of you might remember at least the impact of this action this was a demonstration that strategically stalled traffic on the bridge for several hours on Martin Luther King Day this is several years ago now maybe five years ago to raise attention specifically to the idea that Black health matters and we write about it as just one local example of the methods and tactics and kind of spirit of the now global Black Lives Matter movement and so I'm going to leave that on the screen for a minute while I talk just a bit about some more of the big ideas behind the book you know San Francisco has a progressive reputation but we argue in this book that the Bay Area is also a place with entrenched injustices racism economic violence homophobia this means that the work of understanding what has come before and how people have survived fought back reimagined and dreamed is essential here and beyond here what this book shows is that from San Jose to Oakland to even Petaluma people continue to seek and strategize for a better world these people persist they are creative sometimes they're victorious the scholar Catherine McKittrick writes about something that she calls the geographical imperatives in the struggle for social justice and following her line of thinking this book looks at the role of place and geography in understanding justice and asks how communities have reshaped the bounds of justice over time so throughout the book we come back to the idea that investigations into the two-way relationship between people and place people and the geographies that make them or that they make matter deeply for dreaming a new future Tony Morrison one of my favorites writes about this sort of work through the metaphor of mapping she says and now I'm quoting I want to draw a map so to speak of a critical geography and use that map to open as much space for discovery intellectual adventure and close exploration as did the original charting of the new world but without the mandate for conquest that's the end of the quote so this is an approach that we emulate here in this book detailed mapping and exploration and without trying to own or conquer we are all guests here that's our attitude in this book so what kind of bay area do we reveal in this book to help answer that I want to share a quote from an interview with activist and community leader and Tanya Lee and these are interviews that are sprinkled throughout the book she said when people think about the bay area bubble they're often thinking more of the hippies of Berkeley rather than the communists of chinatown the marxists in oakland who started the black panther party or the feminists of color that created all kinds of local institutions in the 1980s these stories give us a window into what kind of leadership and struggle are required for transformation of the whole country and so that gives you a sense you know sometimes when I say it's a people's guide to san francisco people say oh yeah yeah of course because they think that they understand that it means the san francisco bubble that Tanya's referring to but we're referring to bigger and more complex in this book so let's check out more specifically what we're referring to so we're going to start in the east bank once again and I'm going to have a sip of water so we're going to head here first and we use this entry about this park middle harbour shoreline park which is next to the port of oakland that's actually what's pictured here is the port of course the park is next to it you'll see it in a second but we use the entry about it to think about the role of ports in general and this port specifically in the rise of the region as well as the rise of the power of organized labour which has grown in part through the realization that closing this port has a massive effect across the economy and so it's useful for making political statements that will really be heard the park itself there it is has a fascinating history that I won't get into tonight but it offers a terrific underappreciated view of san francisco one of my favorites not too far away we write about the 1500 block of adeline and we write about the whole block really it's about one house but we didn't want to publish an address of someone's home but this is in the heart of west oakland and this entry opens the door for a discussion about the impact of foreclosures and the 2008 crash on bay area cities and the story of activists reclaiming a home that was threatened by bank foreclosure so the entry is about the success of that action but also about the legacy and succession of community work in this neighbourhood which was central for the pulmon porters union as well as for the black panther party and this is also where the successful moms for housing occupation took place just about a year ago after we finished writing the book but it's another example of the potential of direct action organizing to save working-class homes and this succession is you know it's about you know this is a place that continues to face struggles and that's why there's continued activism of note but it's also a place that continues to see organizing in response to seek and find collective solutions to these often individualized struggles home foreclosures is a really good example of that so nearby in downtown oakland our entry latham square tells the story of the oakland general strike in 1945 which was centered around women's labour in the retail district of oakland's downtown all of those beautiful old art deco buildings you know those when i see them now having done this research i think about the labour struggles of the post war era that's what they represent to me this historical photo shows strikers gathering in front of cons which is now called the rotunda so you may have been there it's an office building here's a site i'm going to talk about at a little more length this is the the francis albreyer community center the center is not in this image as you can see but francis albreyer is and this is some ephemera from a research file at the bankrupt library at berkeley about her and you know in our entry we tell the story of this one woman but it's also about the neighborhood in which she was central the place that she helped make albreyer's migration to south berkeley from alabama and the racial and gender barriers that she continually broke through really offer an emblematic story of post war struggles in her neighborhood and in the region at large albreyer was the first african-american to run for city council in berkeley in 1938 and she was the first black woman welder at the kaiser shipyard in richmond so in demanding her rightful place for this position with for which she was highly highly qualified but at first rejected she helped open up space for a generation of black women and this is just you know one of her many accomplishments you can see her in this photo here alongside ephemera from a national civil rights campaign to boycott discriminatory businesses this entry also gave us a chance to talk about the diverse cultural creativity of south berkeley long home long a multi-ethnic community largely black white and japanese-american for many years and this place had a really special community vibe fostered connections across these groups at a time in which segregation was still strong and racial tension kind of ruled the day in many places as it does again unfortunately now today one example was was that black families held deeds for japanese-american families who were forcibly incarcerated during world war two so that they could get their houses back when they returned years later this also was the neighborhood that successfully fought to underground the bar train when it came through and another amazing black woman community leader mabel howard led that fight so another place that has this sort of history and succession of activism and there's more going on there today actually that i couldn't mention if we had time but i'm going to quickly pass through a couple of other sites sites just to show you some images and a sense of the scope of some of the other topics that we cover for example we write about nine two four gillman which is a subcultural music venue made for a particular kind of rebellious youth you'll note that the sign says no drugs also no racism or misogyny and more in a very different vein we write about a section of the east bay this is around richman and san pablo that we call the fossil fuel corridor which is our way of thinking about the contradictory impacts of the oil refineries in the richman and san pablo area elsewhere in the book we write about the border between two cities piedmont and oakland and in this case a border that is heavily watched by surveillance cameras i'm going to tell you a little more about this site this is the intertribal friendship house or really it's a mural on one side of the parking lot of the intertribal friendship house and you know this is one of several places that we use to think about the bay area as a long-standing site of native american life from pre-conquest through today and tomorrow the intertribal friendship house was founded in 1955 by members of several different tribes and as the name implies and many of whom had been coerced by the federal government to relocate to the bay area with the government's intention that they would assimilate into white culture some people did indeed lose their way and lose their connection to their culture but others came together to build an important urban native identity which connects to deeper histories but also to the radical political movements of the 1970s including what was called the american indian movement and the takeover of alcatraz island which we write about elsewhere in the book as well as to contemporary efforts to reclaim indigenous spaces like the sagorate land trust which is a woman led indigenous land trust in the east bay based in east oakland not far from the ifh it's much better known now they've gotten quite a bit of news coverage lately than it was when we first wrote this entry several years ago when it was in draft form fewer people had heard of it so it's been really exciting to see sagorate out in the news and getting attention and getting funding so with this site we emphasize how history is made and remade through people and the institutions that they build and sustain and that's another important theme across the book as a transition to the next chapter i just want to briefly mention one more east bay site this is the front steps of the pacific center others there would be lots to say about the center itself here we tell the story of south asian queer cultural organizing starting with the chance meeting of a couple of tech workers in the 1980s they met through a flyer that was posted here at the bay areas oldest lgbtq center it was founded in 1973 over in berkeley and then the organization that they created together and this is now back in the 80s when these folks met tricone is believed to have been the first formal south asian or desi lgbt identified organization in the world and the people in this image a couple of them lead a wonderful historical walking tour that they researched and told this story that's where i learned it and many others and you should check them out so let's head down to the south bay though i'm checking my time time to go to the south bay and peninsula and we're going to start with a little bit of history that's hidden in the landscape so this first one the gold street bridge this is one of my favorite kinds of people's guide sites they're all my favorites but but this kind i particularly love that the sort of approach and this kind of thinking because this is the kind of place where you can go to think about how vernacular or just every day that's what vernacular means every day landscapes don't always reveal radical histories but those histories are very likely there what so so this bridge connects the city of santa clara to the former city of el viso and though you just might see it as kind of a freeway overpratt overpass this bridge is the place where chicano activists working with activist scholar Ernesto Galarza who was then a professor at san jose state university set up their own toll booth as part of a campaign to demand that the streets here be paved back in 1973 so in the book we tell the story of how the city of el viso went from it was a city back then went from being a santa clara boom town to an underdeveloped enclave home to a succession of immigrant groups and eventually largely home to chicano families that's when the toll booth activism took place and i've got a picture here from the newspaper it's the best one we could find and now the city or that it's now a neighborhood is now being threatened by the long march of tech generated wealth across silicon valley the toll booth action wasn't intended to raise a lot of money but instead to draw attention to the disinvestment that was the norm in the city which was later incorporated into san jose so the the lack of paving of the city streets was one visible issue but of course that was just the tip of the iceberg with housing health jobs and other concerns also at the top of the agenda meanwhile as a side note although maybe it shouldn't be a side note uh today el viso is sinking literally the land is sinking in part because of the historical over drawing of groundwater for agricultural and industrial uses so i guess you could say the struggle goes on in a variety of ways so in other parts of the south bay we talk about housing justice specifically which is not always a topic that people associate with silicon valley and so i wanted to share this one story so this is the lorenz tractor it's the entry to the lorenz tract and so many mid-century subdivisions across the south bay and across the country were very specifically and consciously designed to be segregated that's what developers and realtors believed would sell best and it's what buyers who were able to buy seem to want but this place was explicitly designed to be integrated back in the 1920s the palo alto chamber of commerce had tried to formally segregate the city they did not succeed 25 or so years later in 1948 the palo alto fair play council kind of brought a different take to thinking about segregation to the city of palo alto and they led the development of this new neighborhood it started out as one third african-american one third asian-american and one third white they were very careful about those ratios and here is one of the original planning maps so this carefully calculated integration that they began with has really faded over time as you can imagine people move things change but the history is worth revisiting particularly in the ways that it represents solidarity across groups that's one of the things that i find interesting the fair play council formed just after world war two led by a human rights activist and german immigrant gerda eisenberg she was working to help japanese-american families that were returning from world war two internment camps to a city that was openly hostile to them she worked also with elsa olsberg who was a retired social worker and she was working to help german jews with their immigration papers so lots of different groups kind of working together to find their way in this place they oversaw free counseling on housing discrimination early efforts to provide culturally appropriate education to latino students and the creation of this place the lorenz tract the name of the tract comes from paul lorenz an african-american student at stanford who was on the fair play council board and he played the delicate role role of moving the project through the palo Alto planning board tough job so another big theme in the south bay is labor we offer a couple of different takes on it i'm just going to swoosh through a couple of them to give you some images and thoughts for example the new me auto plant as you can see now this is tesla but once upon a time it was called new me and the transformation of this site really represents more than a half century of workers struggles changing dynamics of race and the changing meanings of both suburbanization and industrial technology so we found it interesting for the way that it represented all of those things i'm also interested in how much space it takes up look at all of that if you know especially with this drone photo you can really see the massive parking lot the massive buildings and just consider what that means and and how else we could use places like this a little editorial so also about labor let me get back on track back to my notes we we look at the labor and environmental implications of quick silver mining so that's mercury with a story about the new almadin mine and this is an image from the san jose history room archive of either miners or people posing to be miners i'm not totally sure but they're meant to represent miners in the hills over the santa claire valley so we try to show the ways that the gold rush was more about more than just gold and about more than just the sierras with this story as well so it was also important to us to think about the role of young people even in the south bay which often i think it's stereotyped as kind of a culturalist suburbia the kind of classic americana but there's there's more than that going on there and you know so through this story at the san mateo fairgrounds we tell the story of filipino dj culture in san mateo and also thinking about the youth over at san jose state we end the chapter with the what we call the victory statue salute which memorializes the very well-known story of the 1968 olympics in mexico city and this famous fist in the air strike protesting a range of injustices and the production of the olympics but what we point out something that few people know i think or those less are known which is that this had its roots in san jose san jose state students organized for years to develop the theory and practice of athletes taking a political stand and tommy smith and john carlos who were shown here in the sculpture by rego 23 bay area artist these guys were san jose state students mentored by other san jose state students say that 10 times fast i'll stop trying but they were mentored by other students of color athletes of color at the university who supported them and taking a stand so one of the really big points here is that an act that appears to be the work of one or two people may well be the product of collective action and in this case it was and with the words collective action let's head to san francisco and i'll pause here for a minute on the map for you to just check it out again and we will start this chapter where we do in the book which is um on bernel heights where san francisco police horrifically killed alex nieto while he was sitting on a park bench eating a burrito many of you will already know this story especially if you're locals so i'll just note that this entry uses the community intervention of creating a memorial for nieto to think about the twin and not unrelated histories of left activism and latinx migration into the mission district an official memorial is coming soon thanks to organizers this photo is of one of the temporary memorials that has been made and remade several times i was there a couple of weeks ago and it's a lot larger now um so if you do the walk around bernel hill you'll find it if you don't know where this is different topic one of the themes of this chapter so you may know um the story that the african-american population in san francisco has been leaving there's been an out migration going on since at least 1970 and that's true black san franciscans have been migrating out and so it felt extra important for us to cover some of the key touchstones in african-american history in the city and i'm just kind of walk past a few of them but these include and you can look out for them if you check out the book at the public library by the way they have it at every branch um so you can uh uh get the story of the hunter's point shipyard which as locals will know this is a still unfolding story but we kind of you know we try to situate what's happening there now with the transformation of the shipyard in the kind of bigger question of what the fate of the neighborhood will be and and who has been um able to kind of participate in the process of transforming the neighborhood which has long been a stronghold for african-american san francisco still is to a certain extent um and just up the hill from the shipyard we look at westbrook court and the hunter's point hill street names there are quite a few street names up there uh that represent the activism of a group of women and their allies in the 1960s. Eloise Westbrook was one of them and there are several others you can go walk around and check them out i'm working on more research on those folks right now so maybe i can come back to the library in a couple of years and talk about talk more about those people sometime soon. Also we write about kaypoo radio that's how we say it around here if you're not from here and this is the oldest black owned community radio station on the west coast born out of the activism of the late 60s and 70s in part because of student activism at san francisco state but also in relation to urban renewal uh programs all across the city and people's resistance to them um and the radio station still stands and persists and um this is on divisadero street in what used to be more central to the western edition but it's a piece of the western edition so speaking of media in the book we take you down to market street and this is what i like to call what we we renamed the media moguls corner that is not a name that anybody uses that i'm aware of but maybe that'll start to be used um you can see latas fountain which is where people came together after the oh six quake um but what you also can see is this red office building or red tinged office building what we write about is is this is the corner where the major newspapers of the late 19th and early 20th century fought to establish visual dominance over each other through the development of larger and larger buildings so the red toned building was the first in that battle this was the city's first skyscraper built in 1890 by the de junges who owned the san francisco chronicle at that time and if you could spin around at this corner you would also see the sf call building across the street both were outdone in terms of height at least by the hearse building which was originally home to the san francisco examiner and i'm checking my time i'm going to skip past this is a site familiar to many san franciscans the international hotel i'm going to move on here and head to the trans march so we take on one thing that we do try to do in the book is take on familiar topics with new approaches so for example here at delores and 16th street streets we're at the site of the start of the trans march and this is an example of a people's guide site that is not just a single place and yet it is an event that actually creates both metaphorical and literal space for trans people and i have a reflection quote here from cecilia chung who was a co-founder of the trans march and she says up until that point we really didn't have any space that we could claim and we said why do we have to wait until somebody dies before we show up we were thinking about celebrating creating a new space now trans march has become its own animal even if we didn't step up to organize it would still happen and cecilia went on in the interview to talk to me about how taking up space in the street in this particular way has produced a whole series of other things often people say marches don't matter here's a march that really has mattered institutional support for a trans cultural district which is centered in the tenderloin funding for health care other things like this so i want to close the san francisco chapter with two sites that are centered around the themes of power and surveillance this is uh as you can see the civic center and un plaza you know if if you were in my urban studies class we would be talking about how civic centers represent urban power and studying their development and use can really tell you a lot about the fundamental values of a city where many people might focus on the classical architecture here the museums actually the public library right around the corner or the mayor these are all really terrific topics really interesting topics but what we focus on in this entry is on the people who seek shelter in these plazas and we write about the crisis of homelessness that continues to grow but we also write about the way that activists use this central civic space as a kind of venue for making their claims to the city to the state about how they see how things should be different how we should manage this problem differently in this space this this area that ends up being surveilled so much you can see that we're representing that with the police truck in the front and city hallway in the back is very very important to to activists and the way that they both help people survive and also help people make their voices heard around homelessness and I head to the other end of market street quickly this is room 641a or it's a building that contains a room with that number so this is the atnt building on fulsome street and it was revealed some years ago as a secret surveillance node where our digitized information including probably this interaction right having right now over zoom and youtube all of our information is routed and can be read with the blessing of congress so in this entry we tell you about the ways that your data is being captured and watched and we use this entry also on the other hand to talk about the open source software movement which shows how tech is not always about top-down power and the bay area has been very important in the early development and continued development I think of the open source software movement but we also argue here that to find the bottom-up tech you need to look a lot farther than the apps that claim to democratize our lives with ride hailing and things like this this point also makes the this piece sorry also makes the point that this is one of the many places of the supposedly place less internet and the bay area has lots of views I would love to see an atlas of the physical dynamics of the internet in the bay area that would be really a great book someone someone make that book please here's the north bay and then a swish through and just show you a tiny the tiniest bit of the north bay people often associate the north bay with nature and not surprisingly that is one key theme in our book but we treat it often in some unexpected ways so we look for example at this trail the tamales bay trailhead but for us this is a story of labor and land use struggles we look out at the feral on islands really beautiful amazing I love this photo of all these animals but we write about its troubling toxic history when you know the US Navy was trying to get rid of nuclear waste from hunter's point it ended up out here by these islands we talk about china camp and I'll talk a little bit more about this one this is you know a park that represents a really important intersection between chinese immigrant history and environmental and labor struggles and renae young who's the director of a nonprofit called chinese whispers chinese whispers has done a lot of work to preserve the true history not just the mythology of china camp and she explains a little bit about it here in this quote she says you hear about the railroad you hear about the mines you hear about laundry and restaurants but somehow chinese maritime history has been a hidden story and there's a strong relationship between the loss of this history and the loss of the landscapes where these events happened there were other chinese camps in this area and they were all burned down by arson and you know actually that quote does everything that I want to say about you know kind of why this place matters how this history matters and the relationship between things that happened here and the way the landscape is treated the way the people are treated and the landscape is treated by our society so just a couple more things to say before we shift to q&a and I want to close with this image here from the albany bulb which is in the east bay this is of course the former landfill that has been over the years an open space that inspires creativity and art a home to the houseless for many years not now as far as I can tell and now really a formalized part of the east bay park system which is part of why it's no longer home to people without houses I want to share a quote from susan moffat who runs an organization called love the bulb that takes care of the bulb and helps keep all this really amazing art going her quote expresses something meaningful about the way that places become embedded with history and why we should continue to excavate these place based histories she's speaking about the bulb of course specifically but the metaphors here apply more widely so here's what she says she says the bulb kind of holds up a mirror to the urbanization that has happened around the bay everything that got torn up in order to make room for change and the urban fabric got dumped out here it's where the waste created in the process of development is made visible when we build something new we forget about the old stuff that has to go away but the chunks of highway and bathroom tile and pieces of rebar sticking out here remind us that there is no away there is no away and so while not all places have such visible remnants of the past as the albany bulb does this story of the albany bulb reflects a larger need that we have I think collectively to excavate and understand what really constitutes the ground we're standing on how did we get here who claimed power along the way and what are the implications of that claiming in the landscape and in our lives are we more or less unequal now and how can we change that for the better sometimes the answer is in the histories that we walk across every single day so each place is a story and each story opens up a broad set of questions that can take you in many directions virtually or literally and in the end I kind of want to leave you again with the idea that the ongoing study of the relationship between places and people can teach you a lot about of course where you are but also who we are collectively and how to move through difficult times like the ones that we're we've all been experiencing for a while now thank you for listening thank you for your interest in the book we do have about 10 minutes for questions and I'm going to unshare my screen and thanks so much thank you Rachel um before we go ahead into q&a I just want to mention that for anybody that wants to see the recording of this of this event well we do have we will have a copy of it on our our youtube page which the link for that is in the chat bar or chat window rather and if you have any other questions for us feel free to continue using the q&a function we'll still be taking them the first question that we have for q&a is comes from Estelle Schneider and they're asking if we can I'll just read this word forward could you please explain a little regarding your your comment about surveillance somewhere between Oakland and Piedmont thanks yes thank you so this was our the site that is the Oakland Piedmont border and what we look at there is that there are a license plate reader cameras that are installed all along the border and ostensibly you know these cameras are about catching people who run red lights or they're speeding things like that but what I just lost track of his name but John his last name is going to come to me John did the research on this on this one and what he argues in this piece is that this produces this kind of invisible fence and it produces a situation where only this kind of border between these two cities you know the city of Piedmont is entirely surrounded by the city of Oakland and there has long been a socioeconomic distinction between the two Piedmont being much more wealthy and choosing not to incorporate essentially with the city of Oakland and so because of that history in light of that history the cameras that are apparently meant to be about car violations feel like something bigger right they feel like something bigger and so it ends up being kind of a surveillance fence that's invisible you know you don't notice it unless you know to look up and check out those cameras our next question is could you tell us a bit about how you and your co-author Alexander chose the sites to cover and thanks terrific yes it's you know it was quite a process over the course of many years I think we started talking about this book as a concept you know in 2012 or 13 and it took some time to get around to doing the book proposal in which we included certain sites and then it took some time to get to devising and expanding and you know there's a huge the cutting room floor is large in terms of sites that we thought about covering and then didn't write about and I would say we were looking for you know we wanted to write alternative stories about places that people kind of know about we also wanted to identify places and stories that aren't as well known about but we also wanted to cover across many different themes it was important to think about labor struggle it was also important to think about environmental issues we wanted to think about lgbtq histories and legacies perhaps ones that are lesser known you know and that's part of why we're interested no the pacific center being in the east bay and being the oldest lgbtq center whereas people usually think of the Castro when they think of the bay area at least folks who aren't from here when they think about queer histories and legacies so we you know wanted to think about racial justice in some ways we were trying to do a little bit of everything which couldn't wasn't possible of course but we wanted to cover sort of a breadth of concerns and also kind of good geographic coverage and we wanted to show how you could go to a place like the gold street bridge and be in the presence of living history even if it just looks like it's a piece of the freeway so we were looking for a lot of places like that as well and there's probably more that I could say about how we were choosing sites but hopefully that helps give some idea I see there's another question let's see our last question here is will there be a volume two no I don't think so this this was a labor of labor and love over many many years and I have to say I am tempted in the sense that since the book came out it was published the pub date was sometime in October of 2020 so it's just been out a few months and every week not every day but probably every week I come across a new story that I think oh I wish I had known about that maybe we could have put that in the book and on that front you know that makes it sort of tempting to think about more but I think it's more I want the book to be an invitation to all of you and other people to you know write your own versions of these stories and research and we do have a website that's in production and when the website is up it'll be a place where we may produce some new material I'm not sure yet exactly how that's going to work because it's a website for all of the different people's guide books there'll be a little bit of content from each book and then space for some new material but I'm not I'm not planning right now on volume to my personal project now is to write a book about one thing myself I'm not sure it looks like there might be some more questions oh David Kessler hi David will Kamala's house be in the next edition that's cute I don't know if it would have been you know that that's an that would be an interesting thing to ponder would be would be right about Kamala Harris's house which I just someone just showed it to me Donna Graves who is one of the writers for our book one of the contributing writers took me on a walk and showed me Kamala Harris's house just very recently so we'll have to consider whether it should go on the website and I see Christina Moreta who I have to thank for her help she's a on staff at the library and she I think right now is doing emergency work around COVID and not in the library but she wrote a question do I have a current research project that I'm working on and that's yes which so I mentioned the the Westbrook court and Hunters Point Hill street names and I'm working on a book about the women of Hunters Point and of the big five who in the 1960s and 70s were community leaders who kind of reshaped the way that redevelopment worked urban redevelopment in their neighborhood and and so I'm researching them interviewed several of them before they passed thankfully and that's that's the book that I'm working on right now I see one more question here from someone do you have any opinions on how we might do city do city planning and couple it with efforts that can incorporate place-based histories yeah I do have opinions about that and it's kind of a big I'd love to have a conversation with you about it I mean I you know I I've had a lot of you know I teach in a program where students are learning urban planning and I teach about histories of urban planning and sort of critical histories of urban planning and I think there's been a lot of effort over the last bunch of years recent years decade really I would say where planners are trying to incorporate local voices and artwork and kind of different approaches to planning and some of them are really interesting and creative and also they come into collision sometimes with the kind of development mandates of a neighborhood and so it can be a tricky thing but I'm thinking about you know the Buchanan mall which is this walkway in the western addition in the Fillmore district which has been redone in this really beautiful way you know it's a space between buildings it's kind of a an alleyway almost but it's bigger than that anyway it's it used to be a street but it's it's pedestrian only and it's been redone with art and with murals that include photographs of community activists and things like that and I think that's a really beautiful way to to kind of bring place-based history right into the city kind of in your face they've done it really well I think it's still underway there's going to be some new things that are coming in there but I would I would love to talk to you more about that sometimes there's more to say I see a couple more questions that have popped up and so I'm going to read those um let's see someone says what do you think about the increase in urban community gardens so they help neighborhoods or cause gentrification or both yeah I think that's kind of the answer the both which is you know it's tricky it depends who's who's using the garden and it also depends on whether there's community organizing I think in the neighborhood nearby if there's not you know gardens don't automatically produce gentrification but they can be used to sell neighborhoods and so you see this where you know in in advertisements for new homes they'll be you know the amenities are you know great there's a garden here and it and along with lots of other things I've been seeing the slow streets you know the COVID era slow streets have been named often in in ads for new homes now and so that doesn't produce gentrification but they are part of a package of things that are considered to be amenities that can be used as part of a claim to raise housing how home values which then of course raises rents as well and so it gardens can be a part of the process of gentrification but if there's community organizing in the neighborhood it's also possible to find ways to make gardens kind of productive of other kinds of things as well or instead community connection engagement support networks growing food for people in need rather than just private plots that's another way to do it so it depends it depends how it's done but it's a really tricky question for sure and a good one to ask I see one more question here which is if Kamala's house is included in you know the mythical volume two of this book so should be the Berkeley South Asian radical history tour yes and actually and I'll read the rest of the question and I'll tell you actually they're in our book already in in the people's guide and you saw a picture of them but I didn't I was moving fast and so I didn't name them but the Berkeley South Asian radical history tour connects all kinds of things actually I won't read that whole question because I don't want to go down too many different roads but basically in our book we have two sites that look at the politics of the South Asian diaspora that came that are some of the information came from you know first walking on the South Asian radical history tour with Barnali Ghosh and Anurvan Chatterjee and you should all go take that walk it's really fantastic and I believe they're still doing some version of it during COVID and you will start if they still do it the same way at the Pacific Center on those front steps so that was where you saw a photo of them leading a group several years ago starting their tour and it's a tour that kind of gives you a sense not just of history but the way that radical history and place intersect with each other so we have a lot of affinity I think or I have affinity for them you can ask them what they think of me I think those are all of our questions unless there are some in the chat I don't think so and just lots of love from YouTube okay great questions from YouTube or no questions just love and thank yous and great work and yeah sounds great great I do see one question that popped up just now in the chat here which is is there an ebook version and yes I believe there is and go to the UC press go to UC press and or go to my website which I flashed on that last screen I don't know if you got it but if you google me you should be able to find it and if you go to my website to the tab with the name of the book there is a discount for buying the book that you can get there's a code and it'll also get you to the ebook and it looks like Anissa has just shared a link possibly to the library's version of the ebook as well so you can do that for free which would be great and all the links are there so thank you and and I'll just pop into all the links are in that document that I shared with you and you can pick that up and again it is available on youtube and yeah thank you Rachel thank you Norm thanks so much I'm just here for a few words thank you Rachel uh for you know joining us tonight and you know talking about you know all the history that we we weren't aware of I'm definitely interested in picking up the book now all right and reading it from cover to cover excellent thank you thank you so much it's so great and everyone you know everyone here already knows this but support the library that's all I have to say take care see you all soon in real life I hope


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards, ripping one box of 2022 leaf exotic multi-sport for Dylan Pete. Good luck here, Dylan. Let's see what we got. Nasty. We've got a peacock Erling Holland of seven. That is massive, dude. Let's go. Nice Holland. Wow, that's so nasty. That's insane, man. Yeah, true. Erling Holland. Wow, that's insane. Congrats on that one there, Dylan. We'll get it right out to you, man. Thanks as always.


Welcome to Ola Houston a public affairs program addressing issues of interest to Houston's Hispanic community First some very important health information, especially for Latina So listen up. You may not know this but heart disease is the number one killer of Hispanic women and Latinas tend to develop heart disease Earlier than their non-Hispanic Caucasian counterparts. What's the reason for this and what can we do about it? Well here with some insight we have Dr. Silva an interventional cardiologist with the Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital Thanks so much for joining us this morning. My pleasure. First of all Why don't you just talk to us about heart disease and and how it correlates with the Hispanic community? The correlation is very direct heart disease is a consequence of Some risk factors such as diabetes being overweight being inactive Smoking and having high cholesterol and hypertension and that's quite prevalence prevalent in the Hispanic community Why is it so much in the Hispanic community? Out of the rest. That's a very good question maybe because of the diet very rich in carbohydrates and There is a very high incidence of diabetes in the Hispanic community and sometimes Hispanics go Too far beyond the point they since diabetes is most of the times asymptomatic people don't feel anything They develop it and they continue the disease progresses without being attended for how about particularly in women Are you seeing it more in the Hispanic women than the Hispanic male? Absolutely? Hispanic women are a very difficult group to Attentive because the problem with women in general is that their symptoms are not as clear as in men So sometimes women don't pay attention to their symptoms because they're used to taking care of other people taking care of the kids They can care of the husband And they don't pay attention to no chest is gone for chest pain chest pressure shortness of breath when they walk or Even sometimes a little stabbing pain in their chest or in the back all of this could represent heart disease in women And are some of those symptoms different? between men and women will they You know feel things differently in their body I know a lot of people talk about the numbness in the left arm or the right arm. Is it same for the bowl? It's the same for both if you're having but the problem with women is that they usually don't have The typical symptoms which is the elephant sitting on your chest with radiation to the left side here with numbness in the left arm Women have what more what we call atypical symptoms They also have the chest pain and numbness sometimes But most of the times they have just a twitching in the chest or some shortness of breath when they pick up the kid And so women need to be more attentive Through the symptoms because most of the times they don't have the quote-unquote typical Angina, which is you know your heart pain and it's also important to know that some doctors especially and fortunately primary care physician doctors are not as aware of Of that as cardiologists, which are specialists are more aware of this characteristic of pain in women And so would you say doctor when you see some of these patients for some of them? It might be too late or how does that work? Absolutely Unfortunately, and that's that's very very common with Hispanic women and men Like I said before they develop diabetes and they don't they don't attend to the disease and then things progress Far beyond what we can fix How about the family history some people don't go to the doctor because they say well it doesn't run in my family But what if it does if it does it's even worse So family history can can function not only for heart disease and heart attacks But also for family history of high cholesterol or family history of high blood pressure All those things run in families and high cholesterol and high blood pressure actually cause heart disease So if even if you don't have a history of quote-unquote Heart attacks or heart disease in your family if you do have a history of high cholesterol and high blood pressure You need to be checked How do you know if you have heart disease because I know in many cases some people will feel bad one day They feel good the next and then maybe a week later they feel bad and it's one of those things They don't go to the doctor because in that instance, they're feeling great. Yes The symptoms of heart disease can be very deceiving. You're absolutely right Most of the times what you need to do is you need to see your doctor and have what's called the treadmill stress test And maybe an ultrasound of your heart to make that diagnosis of the presence of heart disease But you again, you should not discount your symptoms and can you give the folks who are watching this some advice? I know you talked about that Hispanic diet. Is there anything that we can do to curb that? Yes, for example, you can make food choices that will reflect in your future health such as change from flour tortillas to corn tortillas Privilege the use of chicken and fish instead of pork and absolutely cut back on the fried food Anything else that you feel that our viewers should know about this this very important issue This is a key issue in the United States the Hispanic community is usually not attended to Unfortunately and Hispanics need to pay attention to heart disease more than cancer for example Okay Well, we are gonna get some information up for our viewers just in case they want some more information We definitely want them to turn to the experts. Can you give us that website there is that without the dot? Texas heart or G and you have a full Gamma of information for heart disease in that website perfect. Okay, good stuff. Thanks so much doctor for joining us. It's my pleasure. I really appreciate it Thank you


Good morning folks. Steve Rhodes coming to you live from the shores of sunny and very pleasant Delray Beach, Florida. It's your 11-ame update. We've got a sea of red out there. You've got all the U.S. indices that we track trading to the downside. Dow's down about less than one-tenth percent, 30 points there. Eight-tenths, though, for the S&P or 35. One-and-a-half percent for the NASDAQ. Two-hundred and twelve point move. Their rustles down one-and-two-tenths or 20 points. A little over two percent, two-and-a-quarter percent nearly for the Semi's. They're down 73 points. Trend is off two percent. Two-hundred and seventy-five point move there. Gold is up two bucks, with silver being down 13 cents. Life's recruit is off 48 pennies. Natural gas up a couple pennies and a 30-year treasury. Down nearly one point, trading out at one-oh-nine-oh-two. Let's figure out what all that means by looking at that nine panel. Market update chart. We begin with the ES mini, upper left-hand side. New information that we've got out here is a new profile that is attempting to form. It's got support at forty-two-thirty-four. Resist is at forty-three-eighteen. Forty-two-thirty-five-fifty is a buy-the-de-point pattern. Price is closed below that. Well, we've got a, it should lead to a lower price out there, but we do have that new profile. Forty-two-thirty-four-and-a-quarter use that. We won't be having, we won't have confirmation of that profile until tomorrow or this evening. If we take a look at the spot politics, it's still above its fifty-day exponential moving average that gives sellers the edge. The NQ is testing its TD-9 count bottom. That's at the fourteen-five-and-a-six level. There was a new profile that did form. It is bullish in structure. So price right now is trading inside that buy zone. The buy zone is between fourteen-five-ninety-nine and fourteen-eight-fifty-five. We're trading right now at eight-fourteen-six-forty. We take a look at the US dollar index. Given up some of its early gains out there, it is also trading into its sell zone structure. It's a bearish structured profile. That's between the one-o-five-ninety-nine-one-o-six-forty-two level. Gold formed a new profile yesterday. The bottom which are support is nineteen-nineteen-eighty. The top is at nineteen-eighty-six-forty, but your real resistance level is the TD-9 count top. And that's up at the two-thousand-nine-twenty level. That's the area. That's the level that price needs to close above in gold to tell you it's off to the races. We take a look at silver. It also formed a new profile yesterday. Price consolidating within sighted. Support at twenty-two-fifty-three. Resistance twenty-three-thirty. Light speed crude. It's trading into its buy zone. That's the buy zone of its bullish structured profile. That's between the level of eighty-one-forty-three and eighty-three-eighty-eight. Natural gas yesterday or two days ago tested and rejected. Its swing point low. But today it's testing and rejecting the top of its daily profile. That's up at the level of three dollars and thirty-eight cents out there. Watch that. Take a look at the thirty-year treasury. It's got a roadsman communicator bottom pattern. Just needs to continue to stay above the one-oh-nine-oh-nine level. If we can do that, price should run into that descending trend line resistance today. That's priced at about one-eleven twenty-one. Stay tuned for the Trader Z show. But if I have to start your Wednesday, please have a look.


So, on behalf of the World Intellectual Property Organization, it gives me great pleasure to wish our very good neighbour, the International Telecommunications Union, a very happy 150th anniversary. It's a great event where neighbours not just physically in Geneva, but also I think in spirit. The ITU of course has been at the forefront of the development of communications technology and we at WIPO are concerned with what runs in the communication pipelines, namely the content, so we're very good neighbours and very good partners and we're very proud of this partnership.


Welcome to Toffy TV. It is the Everton News Daily. This video is brought to you by One Football. One Football is that makes it easier to find out the way to scores, stats and news all in one place. To download the One Football app, click the link in the description. Dan Mice has been talking about the challenges of building new stadiums and having a little chat about how excited it is about Everton's new stadium, the project and how iconic it's going to be. First of all he's spoken about stadiums as a whole in Europe and he's saying how hard it is now to build stadiums because how expensive they're becoming. He said they're going up from being half a billion to a billion pounds within a blink of an eye. It's because owners want the grounds to just be a place that you can use all the time with more VIP corporate facilities and that is driving the price up and up and up and up because everyone's bigger and better because not only during the matches, the prices you can charge, but also for concerts and non match day events and all these things. So he says the challenges are getting harder and harder and are getting away from just being about the match day football experience. So we'll have to wait and see. We've just seen spaces growing and how incredible that is, but how expensive that is and how complicated that stadium ended up being and we've seen how many great facilities it has in it as well. So that's the benchmark now and I'm almost afraid that Everton fall below that benchmark because they probably will just because how much of a financial burden that ground will be to spares then people are going to be disappointed. But we'll have to wait and see. Dan Mai said it's the evidence ground has got the incredible hallmarks of history with the evidence history and everything that's involved in it. He said it's going to be it's going to have iconic skyline elements because he says when the ships come up the Massey, the cruise ships and when they see Gooderson Park, it's going to be part of this incredible skyline and he also said it's going to have a little bit of everything in it as well. So he spoke about filling in the dock and the issues with it being a wealth heritage site as well. So he understands how difficult it is, the challenges, but he seems so happy and so excited by the challenge of building this ground almost like as people keep on saying it can't be done or the challenges they have to face that almost plays its part for me the way he seems. He's going to make such an iconic stadium. All these challenges are going to help build that iconic stadium. So we've heard and talked before about how it's going to fit in with the surrounding area and how it's going to fit in with the docks and be part of the city rich tradition. So hopefully we're going to get to see those plans in the coming months. It's not that long now till the second consultation and we will see those stadium plans so we're looking forward to all that. I'll leave a description to that full interview where he talks about all that in the comments. Morgan Snarland spoke today about Luca Dean and what a fantastic player it is. He said that he's the kind of guy you can go into war with on the football pitch of course. He says he hopes he can be at the club for a very long time. That's him talking about Luca Dean. That's an interesting comment though because that doesn't sound like the comment of a man who wants to leave the football club as well. So is that him sort of saying well I hope Dean's here for a long time with me. So I know if towards the end of the season there was talk among some people that we would find it hard to keep all the Luca Dean person. I don't think it would be that hard. He's had so many moves in the last few years. I think he does want to get him cemented to a football club and he seems to really love being at Everton. I don't see why everyone would sell a ladder with the money being at the club for one year. But it's great to hear a fellow pro, someone who's obviously clearly his friend, the French international saying. Because sometimes you get these players who come out especially someone you might worry about his commitment to Everton football. Might say oh he could do all great things and I hope he ends up with one of the best clubs in Europe. How many terms have we had that in the past? This is a player who's saying I hope he stays here for a very long time. That's Morgan. You're winning me back mate. You're winning me back. I've had me doubt over you in the past but you're winning me back. Not only with your performances on the pitch but with your attitude off it. So fantastic. I like to hear that kind of thing. Let's get into the room as you know what there's going to be roomers every day. We're just going to give them to you. A lot of them are nonsense. We know this. We're just going to pass these on to you though. Everton have been linked with three players in the Portuguese press today. Os Jogo is saying that Everton are tracking Pedro Alverre who's a centre-back at Benfica and Nuno Tava who's a left-back. Both 19, both young players, both seem to fit the kind of demographic that Everton are looking for. The up-and-coming top players that are going to come through and come into the Everton side. These are the players I actually feel are more realistic kind of buys for Everton. Players who were in the late teens, early twenties, get them before they hit that next mark where everyone's looking at them and developed them and make them Premier League players. So they've been both linked today. Obviously young players, I don't think there was any price tags attached but they make sense to me those kind of buys. When people say to me, well, who do you want this summer? Who do you want to buy? I mean, I wouldn't know those two players. And they're the kind of players I think we'll be looking at. So yeah, interesting number we can see. Everton have also been linked with Porto centre-forward Moussa Merege. He scored 21 goals last season. He is 28 years of age and he's valued at around 25 million from Porto. See, that's a little bit less realistic because of his age. But wait and see, wait and see. Centre forwards are hard to get and it doesn't really matter what age they are. They can put the ball in the back of the net. We'll have to wait and see. And finally, we've been once again linked with Santiago Sosa, the young Argentinian midfielder. TYC Sports, you know that famous outlet. I've said that he's going to come over next week. It's a sign of deal, but I don't know. I think that's a player. I think I've mentioned this earlier in the week. That's a player that Everton will just track and see how he develops. Maybe try and get faced, refusal on them, that kind of thing. But we'll wait and see. Everton might be saying that they're not interested, but yeah, bring them in. And finally, finally Everton have also been linked with Diego Larente. He's a 21 year old centre-back from Real Sociedad. Again, see that makes sense to me. That's the kind of deal that does make sense. A young up-and-coming centre-back. Good age. That's the kind of deal I think we'll be doing this summer rather than the higher end ones. So, do you have it? Give this video a big thumbs up if you've liked it, of course. Why wouldn't you have liked it? I'm trying to give you the news. It's quiet and wicked out here. If you haven't already subscribed, please do. It helps the channel and if you want more great channel, more great shows. Join us on Patreon, where I will be following this video up with a live show to discuss all those stories in more depth. Get questions, get comments and all those stories. I'm just about to do that on Patreon right now. So, thanks for watching. I'll see you later.


I'm delighted to stand here to have the opportunity to share some thoughts on the subject of wind energy. This is going to be a very brief tutorial, as it were. It's not going to get in any technical depth in any of the aspects that I will talk about. I understand that there is an audience here with very diverse backgrounds. And so hopefully I will say things that will make sense to you. If you have questions about anything particular and so on, please come talk to me later on and we'll be happy to engage with you. All right, so I sit in these two departments, aeronautics and astronautics and mechanical engineering. And the topic of wind sort of fits nicely across these departments. Wind energy is about extracting energy from the wind. That involves both mechanical and aerodynamic aspects to the problem. All right, okay, let's move on. So what I will try to do today is have some very basic sort of concepts associated with wind energy. That's how we will start. And then we'll jump into some current issues and opportunities that's going to be the focus. And hopefully if you're interested in some of these, you will find people who are working on these topics and so on and engage with them. And so for that, I will try to give you a glimpse of some wind energy research as Stanford. I'll talk more about work that I'm involved in, but I'll also try to provide glimpses of work going on in other labs. And a look towards the future, all right? Okay, well, wind is a renewable energy source. It's driven by the power of the sun. The sun shines on the land, on the ocean and so on. Heats up air and so on. And there are slopes, a terrain and so on. Sort of different processes set up wind in the atmosphere. And wind is being driven, the energy for the wind is coming from the sun. And that's sort of a basic thing we have to keep in mind. And it's a clean source of energy. We don't need to use any fossil fuels or water or and so on in terms of environmental impact, the operation of wind power plants has very little environmental impact in direct fashion. Wind energy resources are distributed around the world. And if we focus on the United States, here the map at the bottom is indicating where the current, this is a map from 2015, where the various wind farms are. And the color coding is based on the capacity, the total capacity in the state. State of Texas has the largest developed wind power. California comes next. Iowa and others in other colors you can see. So you can see that it's spread out across the United States. And in terms of cost, the economics, costs have come down over the decades and so on. And now, depending on exactly how you do the calculation and those who are in business and economics majors and so on can do this better than I can. So it of course matters as to what the policies are in terms of subsidies, in terms of assistance and so on. But so the numbers might come out a little different depending on how you do them. But one can argue that the cost is now comparable to a cost of other traditional energy sources, which is really dramatic. This is not where things were 20 years ago. Install capacity today, well it's 2015 data, is 73,000 megawatts, this is significant and we'll understand these numbers more as we progress. Another key thing to keep in mind is that wind is intermittent, it's not blowing at some fixed velocity all the time, it's not. And so if we're gonna use, make significant use of wind energy in the overall energy that we are going to provide to people, then we have to cap, we have to factor this in because we need to be able to take peak loads but also balance them out and so on. And so this becomes challenging as the when the fraction of energy that is produced by wind becomes significant. And then of course where the high winds are might not be where the highest demand for it might be. And so you need efficient transmission of energy from where it's being generated to where it's gonna be consumed as something which is true of many sources. Okay, let's discuss some very basic operation. So there are two types of wind turbines depending on the orientation of the axis around which the blades of the turbine rotate. So if the axis is vertical as is indicated here then it's called vertical axis wind turbine and if the axis is horizontal and these blades only part of the blades you can see in this picture and note the scale of human standing there on top of this tower, these blades are gigantic. If we look at the size of these blades, they are larger, the tip to tip distance from one tip to the other tip, that diameter is bigger than the largest airplane. A380, which is the largest airplane you may have flown in A380 or in 747. These machines are huge now and they produce large amount of power. Seven megawatts is a machine from Siemens. They range from a few kilowatts that you can install in your backyard if you have some open space, two large capacity machines. So of course the crucial thing is the scale and how efficient is that installation. For an isolated wind turbine efficiency is very straightforward to define. You can take the ratio of the energy that the machine is extracting from the wind to that which is available. And for conventional wind turbines, there is a well-known way to think about this and it comes up with a limit which is called the Betz limit. It's sort of like 57% or something. Why can't it be more is something that we can easily appreciate by imagining what is happening. The wind that is going to be intercepted by these blades that is going to influence these blades, that wind which is coming in has to also leave. We cannot just capture all of the wind, all of the power associated with the wind. If we were to do that, if we were to capture that airflow, that amount of air somehow we'd have to store and we'll have to grow in the region where it's going and we just can't sustain that. So wind has to come in and has to leave. Because it has to leave, it has to carry a certain amount of energy with it. And therefore there is a maximum, there is a maximum efficiency of a wind turbine which can be predicted and for isolated turbine. And an interesting question is, how should one think about this when one doesn't have an isolated turbine? When you have a large-scale wind farm, you have turbines here and there, spread over tens of kilometers of distance, how should one think about the turbine of the efficiency of the collective farm rather than efficiency of an individual device? That's still an open question and it's one that we actively work on. Each turbine has a power curve here in the schematic power produced by the turbine as a function of the wind speed. There is a cut-in wind speed below which it's not economical to operate the device. So it's stationary, it's not rotating. Then starts producing power. Power rises rapidly as the wind speed rises essentially like cube of the wind speed. And then beyond a certain wind speed, the power is regulated to the maximum power and this is for purposes of both aerodynamic efficiency and for safety. You don't want the speed of the blades, the speed at which they are rotating to keep increasing and the loads on the blades to keep on increasing.  And so since mechanical loads have to be well within the structure limits of the device, one cuts off the operation at some rated power and so although wind can increase, the power is then not increasing. This is essentially the situation which is called stall control where the orientation of the blade is changed so that the amount of power that it produces remains constant. All right, okay, let's continue on. So at present around the world, one finds many installations. I hope that the image is coming across here. It's not just one row of turbines, but there's another row of turbines, there's a third row of turbines, there's a fourth row of turbines. And on this particular day, a nature cooperated in terms of producing clouds that sort of gave rise to these regions of condensation of water vapor. And so we can, in this image, we can see the wake or the region of the wind which has been affected by this turbine. That region is flowing into another turbine. And so if we say just qualitatively, if we think about how much energy the wind has and if we extract some of that energy by a turbine, then downstream of that turbine, there'll be less wind, there'll be a smaller wind velocity, there'll be less energy in the wake. And if that wake is to impinge on another turbine, then this turbine is not gonna see as much wind and therefore the amount of power it can produce is gonna be significantly less. So if you have a situation where the wake of one row of turbines hits another row of turbines head on, then you have a very significant loss in the power that the collection can produce. So this is what is called a wake loss and this wake loss can be substantial at the farm scale. It can be as much as 30 to 40%. And so imagine that your $1 is now only going to buy you 60 cents worth of power and so on. So it's a very significant number and of course it depends on many factors. It depends on the spacing, it depends on the wind orientation and so on. And so this was not very well understood when some devices like this one farms, this Horns Rev farm off the coast of Denmark was built. The story is actually that it was designed with wind turbines of a smaller size and by the time the regulation, the process for permitting went through and they started building. At that time, the turbine technology had improved. A larger turbines became available and they were more efficient. So they thought, why not deploy these larger turbines? They are more efficient, let's put them everywhere. Well, their calculations, which were for smaller turbines probably would have been fine for the spacing that they have, but not for these larger. So there is a very significant power loss that is occurring. You can also imagine that in the wake, the wind that hits this turbine is more gusty, is not as uniform as it might be for the first row of turbines. And therefore, fatigue and maintenance costs associated with failure of components of the turbine also become more severe in a farm situation. And of course, this is a picture of an offshore wind farm. There can be significant waves and wave loads on the structure supporting these turbines also become a critical topic. All right, of course, one can contrast large scale wind farms to distributed winds, wind farm, this term is used by Department of Energy to describe isolated wind installations in remote areas and so on, where there is no other source of energy and so on, maybe solar and distributed wind can nicely combine for remote locations. Okay, all right, let's move on. So current issues and opportunities are reducing the cost of wind as a critical topic. And there are many ways in which this can be achieved. And we can talk about this later on, developing new energy resources. And this offshore wind is being very strongly emphasized. Integrating horizontal axis turbines and vertical axis turbines is something we are pursuing. We're also pursuing strategies for reducing wake losses and for reducing fatigue. And of course, improving turbine aerodynamics is a topic that is always of interest. There are some other issues that I would like to bring your attention to. Addressing the intermittency of the wind that I stressed is a critical issue. And of course, sort of the big issue with respect to the energy infrastructure itself is an important issue that has to be addressed as well. All right, okay. So let's now switch gears and talk a little bit about different research threads that are being pursued in different groups. Professor Alonso, Crow, and myself, we all three are in aeronautics department. I'm also in mechanical engineering as is John DeBiri. And we are interested in wind turbine aerodynamics, different problems being looked at, performance prediction and optimization for a wind farm is a topic of interest to at least these individuals, perhaps more, full scale field testing of turbines is something that John DeBiri does. And distributed energy systems is also a topic of interest to him. And of course, there are others who are interested in wind energy policies. So that's not a very fair way of describing everybody's research, but we need to move on since we are going to be out of time very soon. So we developed computational models that can do a flow around a particular wind turbine or an assembly of wind turbines. And we can develop models that can then describe the performance of a farm. And we can use that for optimization. And John does full scale field testing and also is interested in these distributed energy systems. So a big challenge that we face is that wind is highly variable. Wind has variations of the order of days. You have weekly variations, seasonal variations. You have daily variations as the sun rises, many places it's calm and then it becomes turbulent as convection starts and so on. And of course, there are variations that are associated with turbulence in the wind. And so there is a plethora of time scales. And so of course, the issue is we have to model this appropriately. We can't capture everything. And so there is many different methods that are available. There is a high fidelity simulation method where you try to capture all the details and so on. And as I summarize here at the bottom, this is very expensive.  This will take about two million CPU hours. All right. It's something that we do do for research problems and so on these days. So I want to give you a sense that high performance computing has come a long way is this is not something that you would just dismiss when you can justify the cost. One does do in fact, simulations of this kind but it's not something you can use routinely for purposes of design. One can also do low fidelity simulations where different models are put together and so on. And these are now relatively inexpensive. You can run this in a matter of few hours on a desktop. You don't need a high performance computer system but there are deficiencies. There are a certain important physics that are not captured. For example, dynamic loads associated with wakes impinging on another turbine are not captured by such a model. And so what we have been doing in our group is developing models which allow us to do both at relatively low cost. And so we call this multi-scale kinematic simulations. This is work that my graduate student Aditya Ghatte has developed. We have some papers and we can talk about details later on. I just have some words describing it. I'm gonna move on. We take lots of pain and care to make sure that these models are validated, that they produce realistic results and so on. And details, if they are of interest to you, come talk to me later on. And so we are now applying it to large scale wind farms. And so to give you a sense of this, this is motivated by this big fire wheel wind energy complex, which is, when it's fully built, is gonna be the largest wind complex in the world. And this is being done in collaboration with map reality. And so this is what we are able to do today. This prediction I'm showing you is for about 200 turbines. They are located in here. We synthesize the turbulent wind that is going in. The colors are showing the wind speed. Downstream of the turbine, you see the blues where the wind has slowed down. This is for a north-south flow. This is for east-west flow. And you can see that the structure of the wakes and the manner in which they interact is very different. And so the power loss for north-south orientation is 13%, whereas it is a large 40% for east-west orientation. So the idea is that with tools like this, we can look at the sighting. How do we place these so that the overall output is optimized not for one particular orientation, but for the distribution of wind and wind orientations that one expects for a particular location and so on. So these tools are gonna be very helpful in future. So this is my last slide. If you look at the Department of Energy website, you will find this very fancy glossy report. DOE is very good at conducting very comprehensive studies of particular problems and then sticking out their position. So in 2015, they published this report called Wind Vision. And the vision they have is that in 2020, 10% of electricity could be generated by wind. And this fraction increasing to, this is the goal of 35% in 2050. The amount of land area this might need is very small. It's 0.04%, it's tiny just to make sure that we don't get concerned about that. This growth in blue here is that targeted for offshore wind and that's sort of a big new technology push that Department of Energy is envisioning. These are maps where the offshore wind energy resource has been mapped. And if we compare it to what the install capacity is and you can plot that data is available over years over the last many decades and you can see a rapid growth. This is from 2010 in three years, there is a 20 gigawatt increase. And so one can look to new deployments at large scale of wind and the problems that offshore wind at large scale introduces are multidimensional and so on. There's the problem of structures, building these large structures, supporting them in water under the loads associated with waves and currents that may be present. And of course, installing the turbine itself and then questions of power that will need to be drawn from these installations back to where the high demand for them is. So cabling that is gonna carry the transmission line that is gonna carry this power back to where it's used. And then of course, other issues of fatigue and maintenance and so on, never mind those. They are also important, they have to be factored in and so on, but lots of exciting opportunities not only from technology side, but also from the side of policy and from the side of economics and where we as overall community move forward. Of course, it's a nice way of addressing challenges associated with sustainability are reducing our greenhouse gas impacts and so on. Those are something that very naturally and in a clean way happen. So without further ado, let me close and take some questions. Well, so John is very keenly interested in vertical axis wind turbines. And the vertical axis wind turbine, well actually I think if I go to the next slide here. Yeah, this is a picture of turbines that he's interested in. And of course, this is the simplest configuration that you can have and it's easy to install and easy to inspect and so on. One can have more complex aerodynamic shapes in here and get more power out. And so on. I think this is an area which is less developed. There are fewer designs that are being used of vertical axis wind turbines. So it's a naturally rich area for further exploration. I should say that overall efficiency wise, these guys are more efficient than these guys. But these guys can be small. They can sit close to the ground. And so there's no reason why we can combine these with an installation of the horizontal axis turbines. And that's an area of collaboration between my group and John DeBerry's group. Well, so it's a question that you have to ask, what is the penetration? How much wind resource are you deploying? How much of it is being modified by the turbines that you're operating? And if that is significant, then in the local region, there may be other effects because obviously you are modifying the atmospheric boundary layer. And so the manner in which it may be transporting, say moisture or it may be dispersing other things in the atmosphere is affected. And so these are topics that are of interest and are being studied and so on. Now, whether the impact is negative or positive depends on the quantity and also depends on how everything is oriented, what the details of each situation is. And so it's a topic of interest to many faculty here. So I can't say that there is a very simple short answer to that, yeah? One last question, yeah? So I would say all large wind turbine companies are interested in tools and models of this kind. They have in-house capacity to do a sort of the ranks level. I mean, I don't know whether technically I can speak about the details. But the kinds of models that we are developing, we're trying to collaborate with the companies, create these relationships and so on, and make these tools available to them and so on. Because the more they're used, the better it would be. Thank you for that question. OK.