From Hollywood, the NBC Theatre presents... The director's assignment, production, her husband's affairs, director, S. Sylvan Simon, star, Lucille Ball. The Hollywood screen directors present something to laugh about. The Columbia Pictures comedy, her husband's affairs, starring Lucille Ball and introducing the director of the film, S. Sylvan Simon. One of the most valuable tools in the art of comedy direction is an educated laugh. The scene the director thinks is funny is the scene that finally appears on the screen. Tonight our guest screen director is a man whose laughter has the very best references. He employed it well and often to bring you such grand entertainment as Rhea Rita, Whistling in the Dark, The Fuller Brush Man, and tonight's story, her husband's affairs. Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. S. Sylvan Simon. Thank you. After that introduction, I can see a new nickname coming up. Laughing Boy Simon. Actually, even a screen director doesn't go around laughing at thin air except maybe the night before his pictures preview. Nobody minds then because it might be his last laugh in a long while. But most of the time you have to have something to laugh at. For me, her husband's affairs was a lot of fun. I hope you'll enjoy it too as you hear it tonight for the first time on the air starring Lucille Ball in her original role of Margaret with Elliot Lewis as Bill. Time to sell hats for the good old crook shank advertising agency. Crook shank. Bald-headed old booby. Egghead. I'm glad I don't work for him anymore. I'm glad I married you. Bill Weldon, the working girl's refuge. You're a genius and I love you. Crook shank doesn't. I think he hates me. Why? Because you married me and left the agency. Oh, that's ridiculous. That's why I keep telling him. You know, Margaret, even though you practically ran old eggheads business, you're not so bright. Of course not, dear. I'm just as good an advertising man as you are. Better. As a matter of fact, Margaret, I hate to say this. But when we worked together, you used to drive me nuts. Bill. That's true. Always coming up with bright ideas and cramping my style. Well, I hate to say this, dear, but I'm not cramping your style anymore and look at us. We've been married a year and we still haven't even enough money to go on a honeymoon. Well, we'll take that cruise to Bermuda when our investment pays off.  He isn't either crazy. He is too. Professor Glinka happens to be my partner and I'm proud to have him use our garage for his experiments. Even if the insurance company did cancel the policy. But he's crazy. What's crazy about trying to make rubber out of banana peels? Margaret, what you don't seem to understand is that the professor is going to make us fabulously wealthy. I don't want to be fabulously wealthy. All I want is a honeymoon. I'm sorry, we haven't got any money. But we can get some. Crookshank promised you a $5,000 bonus if you can think up an idea to sell more top-L lightweight hats. I'm working on it. I'll help you. Margaret, stop meddling. I don't need any help.  Got any slogans? As a matter of fact, I have. Tell me. Here's one. If you can't wear a feather in your cap, wear one on your head. Too pessimistic. Please, honey, I don't want your creative ideas. Just agree with me. I was only trying to help you, dear. I know. I know you are, dear. You have the finest noblest character since little orphan Annie. But stop using it on me. All right, all right. All right. If it happens, I'm not fussy about that slogan myself. Here is the clincher. Short, dignified. Now listen. I'm listening. You never know you're wearing one, but other people do. Well. It's perfect. That's our slogan. My slogan. Your slogan, dear. And it's worth $5,000. Well, that's a good day's work. Let's go back to sleep. Oh, no. Oh, no. We're going right downtown and sell it to Crookshank, and then we're off to Bermuda. You never know you're wearing one, but other people do. That's it, boss. Isn't it wonderful? You did a fine job, Margaret. Grab. Splendid. Oh, it's Bill's slogan. He wrote it. Oh, if he wrote it, I don't like it. What's wrong with it? Mr. Crookshank, this isn't just a slogan. It's a campaign, a stroke of genius. Oh, do you really think so, Margaret? I know so. Now take it from me, Mr. Crookshank. Well, Margaret, you haven't been wrong yet. If you say so, I'll use it. Well, how about the $5,000? I'll make out the check right away. I'll tell the truth, Bill. Did you write that slogan yourself? Of course he did, Mr. Crookshank. It was all Bill's idea. Well, here's the check. It gives me great pleasure to present it to you. Thanks, boss. There you are, Margaret. Oh, thank you. Mr. Crookshank, I also thank you on behalf of my brilliant wife. Come on, Bill. Run along, Margaret. Enjoy the money. You earned it. Bill, we're going. At last, we're going to Bermuda. Isn't that nice? Oh, darling, you're not angry, are you? Who, me? Angry? Of course not. Why should I be angry just because Crookshank paid you $5,000 for my idea? My dear Margaret, you're not married to an ungrateful cad. You were superb. I enjoyed your entire performance from my little dunce seat in the corner. You are sore. A complex. That's what's wrong with you. A U.S. Marines complex always coming to the rescue. You don't love me anymore? Of course I love you.    And I won't interfere anymore. I love you. I love you. I love you. Kiss me. All right. Mr. Wellman. Mrs. Wellman. Oh, it's Professor Glinka. Hi, Professor. What are you doing here? I had to see you. An emergency. No more money. But he hasn't even... You're sorry, Professor, but we're going to Bermuda. Yes, but I'm on the verge of a great discovery. You mean you know how to make rubber out of banana peels? Rubber schmubber. Who wants rubber? All my life I've searched for the secret of eternal man.  And now the secret is almost within my grasp. A few more days. A few more dollars. What we're having safe. What is it? Embalming fluids. I buy him $400 worth of bananas and he comes up with embalming fluid. What did you expect? Fruit salad? This is not an ordinary embalming fluid. My invention will convert people into glass. Glass? In any position. You mean every man becomes his own tombstone? Everybody can pick out in advance what kind of statue he wants to become. How beautiful. How touchy. Oh boy, I can see it now. Let Weldon and Glinka model you for eternity. I need money to buy more equipment, Mr. Weldon. We can't afford it. Pardon me. This is like saying you can't afford to become rich. Yeah, Margaret, that's right. No, Bill, we're going to Bermuda. Okay, okay. No dice, Professor. Well, I wait. Maybe you change your mind. Goodbye, Glinka. Oh, I almost forgot. I brought you a little present, Mr. Weldon. Here, this jar. What's in it? A little something I made out of my embalming fluid. Please, Professor, I love life. No, please understand. It's only by-product. Good for nothing but removing hair. It removes hair? Instantly. Bill, don't fool me. No shaving? No razor? Rabitane, rabidof, no more whiskers. Silly, isn't it? Silly. Margaret, this is it. This is going to make us rich. It's a miracle. I always said I was a genius. Please, Mr. Weldon, my embalming fluid is a problem. Later, Professor, later. Come on, Margaret. Let's eat crook shank. We've got work to do. But what about our honeymoon? Margaret, what's more important? The honeymoon or the whiskers of the world? Amazing, Weldon, amazing. This means the end of the stone age in shaving. Man will no longer be a savage in the bathroom. Bill's right, Mr. Crook shank. Can you say you have any interest in it? Complete control of the commercial rights. Let's start selling. Right. And Miss Brady, get me the sales department. We have to think of a name. We must have a name for the invention. Off again. How about the off again cream? Wonderful.  Weldon, your wife has solved our first problem. Now it's up to you. Thank you, dear. Mr. Crook shank will start publicizing off again tonight. We'll set up a banquet for 750 guests. We'll get movie stars, celebrities. I'll have the governor there. The governor. He's running for reelection. Be glad of the publicity. Good. I want every man unshaven. We'll make it a mass-shaving demonstration. Beside every plate, we'll have a jar of off again.   The way you talked to all those people, the governor and the mayor. Oh, it was nothing. Any other genius could have done it? Forty-three, forty-four, forty-five. What are you doing? Counting million-dollar bills jumping over a fence. Oh, forty-six, forty-seven, forty-eight. Forty-nine. Bill, you won't change when we're rich, will you? No, of course not. I'll always be the same plain simple bill. But, honey, I still think you're wrong. But what, dear? Not having a personal maid. You might as well, as long as... Oh, but, Bill, we're having a cook, two housemaids, a laundress, a chauffeur, a stable boy, and a butler. Yeah, but if you don't have a personal maid, it puts me in an awful jam. How, Bill? How can I have a valid if you don't have a personal maid?  All right, I'll have one. Thanks, honey. Oh, good. Margaret? Margaret, what's wrong? Bill, we're going to have a big house, aren't we? Yeah, kind of. Reminds me, I wonder where I can find the floor plans for the Taj Mahal. And we're going to be lost in a forest of butlers and maids. And it won't be the same, and I'm scared. Oh, no, no, don't talk crazy. I just love this room. And I will have 20 bedrooms, and I'll never be able to find you. It's no fun. Oh, well, darling. Darling will only have one. You promise? I promise. Scout's honor. All right, then I'll know you haven't changed. Good night, dear. Good night, Bill.  He's here. Who is it? Do you want to... Bill isn't an income poop. What? What? But that's impossible. The governor... What? Oh, no. But there must be something we can do. The police? What? Mr. Kruikshank. Mr... He hung up. What is it? Oh, Bill. Bill, there won't be any big house. No servants. Bill, we aren't going to be rich. And Mr. Kruikshank says the governor's going to put you in jail. What are you talking about? Bill, you'll have to hide. I'll think of something. I won't let them take you away. Margaret, will you talk sense? Professor... Professor Glinka's cream. It backfired. All the guests have beards a foot long. And Bill, they're still growing. You are listening to the Hollywood Screen Director's presentation of her husband's affairs, starring Lucille Ball with Elliot Lewis, and introducing the director of the film, S. Sylvan Simon.  No, no, no. Governor, don't get excited. Be calm. Look at me. I've shaved five times since eight o'clock this morning. I'm sure. I'm sure the doctor can do something. Can't you, Dr. Sandler? This injection should do the trick. Just hold still, Governor. The cream seems to have overstimulated your pituitary glands. You'll be all right in a few hours. I'd better be.  I've got the police coming in the city for them right now. They'll pay for this. Good morning, Mr. Krugshank. Good morning, Governor. Oh, Margaret, thank heaven you're here. Where's your lunatic husband? Oh, he's celebrating. What the devil has he got to celebrate? Easy, Governor, easy. You can put your trust in Margaret. Trust in Margaret? My wife put some of that concoction on her upper lip. How can I trust in Margaret when I've got a wife who looks like Joe Starley? Husband of yours has certainly done it this time. He certainly has. Bill has presented the world with one of man's most precious gifts. Throw her out of here. I wanted Bill to tell you all this himself, but I can't wait. Mr. Krugshank, we've got a new name for off again, a much better name. Name, name, what's in a name? It still grows hair.  It's a hair restorer. Put it on your head, not on your face. There's millions in it. All you have to do is change its name to on again. Great God. On again? Here, I brought some with me. In a few hours even you can be an Adonis. Try it, Aged. I mean, Mr. Krugshank. Oh, I will, I certainly will. Hair, can you imagine? I'm a little thin on top myself. The women voters, you know, may I try? Certainly, Governor. Gentlemen, when you look in your mirrors tonight, you can thank Bill Weldon for what you see. I'll call off the police immediately. That young man is to be commended. It might be Bill's idea, but it seems to have Margaret's touch. But anyway, gentlemen, let us show our appreciation to Bill Weldon. All together, sing. For he's a Johnnie Goodwill. For he's a Johnnie Goodwill. Professor Glinka! Professor Glinka! I'm afraid to go in the house. Police are after me. They came and went. I watched them from the tree in the backyard. I've got to go get some dry clothes. I've been hiding in the sewer. Not yet. You better wait till it's dark. Listen to me. I listened to you once and look what happened last night a millionaire. Today a sewer rat. I should have warned you. Glinka, how could you do this to me? You must understand, an invention is basically an embalming fluid to preserve people after death by turning them into glass. But you didn't say anything about growing beards. Yeah, well, it seems, Mr. Weldon, that the by-product is somewhat unpredictable. In its present state, if my shave, if my grow hair, it might have even more unusual effects. I'm not interested. You're not interested? I must devote myself to my embalming fluid to finding the secret of eternal life. Look, unless we do something about that cream, they'll toss us in the pokey. Can't you punch it into shape somehow? Well, then grow hair on my fist. Look, Glinka, this is our next. Well, I'll try. But I'm warning you, anything can happen. Okay, okay, but make it fast. I'll be down in the sewer if you want me. Try to sneak into the house as soon as it gets dark. Oh, Mr. Cruikshank, come in. Margaret, Margaret, it's wonderful, wonderful. What is? Sit down, Mr. Cruikshank. On again. Look, I'll take my hat off. Oh, is it real? Did you ever see such a beautiful head of hair? Did it all grow in at once or sort of sprout in sections? It grew like a blossoming flower.  Bill's a genius. Has the governor phoned yet? Well, I know, should he?  His hair is due at six o'clock. Bill, where is Bill? I don't know.  Oh, no, no, he'd never do that. That door, somebody's there. Oh, it must be Bill. Oh, well then, come here. Don't shoot, Cruikshank, I'll go quietly. Come on in, dear, it's all right. Nobody's mad at you anymore. The governor called off the police. Everything's fine now. It is? Well, I'm sure glad to get out of that sewer. Hey, Cruikshank, where'd you get the snappy toupee? This is real. It grew in since this morning. You two have earned my undying gratitude, Wellington. We all knew, Margaret, and you would think of something to get us out of this mess. Oh, yeah, well, the professor and I will have off again in a week. Bill, there is no off again. It's on again, remember? What are you talking about?  You deserve a share of the credit, too, you know. Something tells me my little wife has been helping me again. Wasn't it your idea to turn off again into on again? No, it wasn't.  But, darling, it grows hair. So what? Who wants a beard grower? Not beards, Bill. Hair on the head. Who the devil wants hair? I do. An emillion like me.  It'll make a fortune, Bill. Oh, you're out of your mind. It doesn't compare with off again. It's just a sock for a handful of egg heads. Egg heads? Look at this. Look at my hair. You mean to say you put that stuff on your head? Certainly. And so did the governor. That doesn't. I suppose that idea came from my brain-laden spouse, too. Bill, it was for your own good. My own good? Don't you know that cream is unpredictable? Anything can happen to egg heads' head. Although, in his case, it'll probably be an improvement. But, Bill...  Prancing in like a primadonna and pulling the rug out from under.  I should have kept you out of jail, didn't I? I was doing all right myself, wonder girl. That's probably the governor now. I'll bet. You'll want to thank you personally instead of locking you up. If it wasn't for me, you'd be a convict. Hello? Mrs. Weldon? Yes? This is Dr. Sandler. I'm speaking to you from the governor's bedside. Oh, dear. Is he ill? He wants to speak to you himself. Just hold on. It's Mrs. Weldon. Where are they? Throwback, husband of yours and that lunatic scientist. Is something wrong, governor? Wrong. I'll tell you what's wrong. That miracle cream has turned my head into glass. Oh, no. How can a fishbowl run for reelection? I'm ruined. My cranium has been sabotaged. I look like a chandelier. You mean glass? Real glass? Yes, yes. Listen, I'll tap it. Awfully sorry, governor. Your maniac husband will be sorry. I'm calling out the state militia. Those two are going to jail. Oh! Orders. Bill, they tried to keep me from seeing you. You're darn tooting they did. I told them to. I'm happy in jail. I'm safe. My wife can't help me. Bill, don't you want to go to Bermuda with me? Unless you're wearing a muzzle. Don't be angry, Bill. I was only trying to... Don't say it. You're only trying to help me. I started out to make a fortune. With your help, I wound up in jail. But everything's all right now. And that's what you said the last time they arrested me. But darling, this time I really fixed it. The professor and I made a deal with the governor. Oh no, now they're probably hang me. No, darling, it's all right. Glinka fixed the governor's head. So now he's letting you go. I don't want to go. I don't want to be helped. It might kill me.  Peacefully. A broken old man. Aw, please, Bill. I'm sorry. I'll never help you again. You mean that? I promise. No more meddling? No more mixing in my affairs? No more. You saw me swear? Scouts' honor. We're going to Bermuda. Well, we've still got the $5,000 from the Top L hat account, haven't we? Another visitor for you, Weldon. Professor! Mr. Weldon, Mrs. Weldon. I had to see you. I've just made the most amazing discovery. Look at this flower. It's beautiful, professor, but we're not interested. No, feel it. Go ahead and touch it. Yeah, let me see. Holy Ike, it's steel. It's embalmed. Petrified. We last forever. But it still has its perfume. Certainly. It fell into my embalming fluid by accident. A perpetual flower. This makes Luther Burbank look like a high school student. Thank you. All I need to develop it is a few hundred dollars. No, professor, we're sorry. Margaret, honey, don't you realize what this means? It's not as big as off again, but it's still a million a year. We're back in business. Well, I don't know, Bill. We have to find a name for it. Forever flower. How about the forever flower? The forever flower. Eternal beauty. The artist's answer to the atom bomb. Indestructible loveliness. Bermuda will have to wait. Oh, there's always Bermuda, darling. Let's go to work. Bill. What?  Our guests will return in just a moment. Next week, the NBC theater sets its course for Around the World Romance as we present the intriguing motion picture story, Trade Winds, and our star will be Frederick March. And I'll hear again our tonight stars, Lucille Ball and Elliot Lewis, and screen director, S. Sylvan Simon. You know, Elliot, Sylvan Simon is a very important man in the motion picture business. He is?  I guess that keeps you pretty busy, huh, Mr. Simon? Well, every once in a while, I manage to get away and relax with my hobby. What is your hobby, Sylvan? Hitting my head against the wall.  That's crazy. Not for me, it isn't. Why not? Because of the difference between directors and producers. Well, what is the difference? Well, it's a matter of responsibility. If you're a director, then they're producers responsible for everything that goes wrong on a picture.  Then you put all the blame on the director. Uh-huh. Well, wait a minute. What happens if you're both, like you?  Good night, Lucille. Good night. Good night, good night. Good night, everyone. And good night to you, Lucille Ball, Elliott Lewis, and S. Sylvan Simon. Her husband's affairs was presented through the courtesy of Columbia Pictures, producers of the soon-to-be-released film, Lust for Gold, starring Glenn Ford and Ida Lupino. S. Sylvan Simon's latest production is Columbia Pictures' Miss Grant Takes Richmond, starring Lucille Ball, who will also be seen in the forthcoming Paramount production, Sourful Jones. Included in tonight's cast were Hans Conrad, Wilms Herbert, Jane Avello, Ken Christie, Herb Lytton, and Dan Riss. Her husband's affairs was adapted for radio by Richard Alan Simmons, and original music was composed and conducted by Henry Russell. Production was under the supervision of Howard Wiley, associate producer Bill Karn. Your announcer has been Frank Barton. Listen again next week when the NBC Theatre presents Screen Directors' Assignment, Production, Trade Wins, Director, Tay Garnett. Star, Frederick March. The NBC Theatre came to you from Hollywood. This is NBC, the national broadcasting company.


Imagine a church rock uranium mill spill, but with coal ash. Before we get started, I'd like to say thank you to this video's sponsor. Brilliant. More about that later on. Over $1 billion estimated to clean up, millions of dollars worth of damage, many workers dying of long-term illnesses, including brain cancer, lung cancer and leukemia, were only similar results of a massive spill of toxic fly ash. Today we are looking at the Kingston Fossil Plant Fly Ash Spill. This disaster I'm going to rate here, because why not? The Kingston Fossil Plant, or better known as the Kingston Steam Plant, is a coal-fired electric generating station in Kingston, Road County, Tennessee, which is around here on the map. The area is fairly rural with a small population. The plant, a 1,398 megawatt coal-fired power station, was commissioned in 1951 and when completed in 1955, was one of the world's largest of its kind. The plant was originally intended to supply power to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which has unsurprisingly been on this channel quite a few times. The site is operated by Tennessee Valley Authority. The organisation operates and maintains multiple power stations, including coal, hydro and nuclear powered plants. The plant is located on a junction of the Emory and Clinch rivers, just over four miles from the clinches mouth to the Tennessee River.  Fly Ash is a byproduct from coal burned in power generating plants. To stop this particulate matter getting into the atmosphere, a type of storage is needed to reduce the risk of environmental pollution. To achieve this, containment pumps are used. A full power operation, 1,000 tons or 1,200 cubic yards, of coal fly ashes produced daily by the plant. The fly ash is captured by electrostatic precipitators. A mix with bottom ash, which is taken from the boilers. To get the waste product to the storage areas, the ash is mixed with water in the plant and pumped to a settling pond. After the ash has settled to the bottom, the pond is dredged and the wet ash is pumped into storage cells. The ash then sits in the cells waiting for the water to be evaporated, after which a new cell is built on top. Once concentrated together, these ponds contain many toxic contaminants including arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, nickel, lead, mercury, selenium and phallium. Such pools can even have high levels of radioactivity. Since commencement of operations in the 1950s, the plant had been storing its coal ash in its containment ponds at a site adjacent to the Emory River. Due to high levels of waste, the initial ponds were filled by 1965. This necessitated the need to have a more comprehensive storage arrangement. To combat the growing waste problem, a new settling pond and ash storage cells were constructed. The storage area was divided into a number of smaller dredged cells. These consisted of a perimeter 60 feet above the winter level and 740 feet above sea level. Dykes were then stacked on top of each other on top of the previously sluiced ash materials. To maintain safety, these dykes were visually inspected by workers daily and more in-depth surveys were undertaken by engineers yearly. In between the daily and yearly inspections, quarterly checks were undertaken by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. In the early to mid-2000s, a number of small dyke failures were investigated and repaired by TVA with the assistance of an engineering firm. After that and leading up to disaster, no other issues were reported on the dykes. This leads us to the disaster in December 2008. On the 22nd of December 2008, at 1am Eastern Standard Time, the central and north portions of the dyke failed and tons of ash slurry were released over a period of two hours. Initially, the first wave lasted around one minute, but was followed by several other smaller waves. The spill extended over approximately 300 acres outside of the ash storage area. The effluent flowed through houses, disrupting gas, water and power services, flooding nearby railway line and blocking off roads. 5.4 million cubic yards of waste spillage was estimated after aerial surveys were undertaken. Once settled, the sludge was up to six feet deep. Due to the blocking of the road and rail services, coal supplies to the plant were shut off. The toxic contents also made its way into the Emory River, poisoning the food chain for the local wildlife. A day after the spillage, TVA released a statement acknowledging the event, saying, We deeply regret that a retention wall for ash containment at our Kingston fossil plant failed, resulting in an ash slide and damage to nearby homes. We're taking steps to stabilize runoff from this incident. Tests of nearby water showed elevated levels of lead and fallium, however arsenic was not recorded to be too high. Drinking water tested six miles away was shown to still be within legal standards. However, later tests by independent laboratories showed elevated levels of arsenic, copper, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and nickel in the nearby river water. Within days of the spill, cleanup efforts began under the watchful eye of the EPA. In 2009, TVA hired contractor Jacobs to provide program management services to assist with the cleanup. The first stage of the cleanup was run by TVA and was called the time critical stage. During this 18 month period, around 3.5 million cubic yards of waste was collected. Removing around 90% of the ash in the Emory River, allowing it to be reopened in 2010. The cleanup involved mechanical excavation, hydraulic dredging and rapid materials handling. The ash was dewatered at Kingston and then transported by rail to Arrowhead landfill in Perry County, Alabama, which is around here on the map. Phase two was a non-time critical stage and involved mechanical excavation of approximately 2.3 million cubic yards of ash near the Watts Bar Reservoir. The excavated ash was dried on site to a storable moisture level and was placed in a 240 acre cell. This phase of the cleanup ended in December 2014. The third and final phase consisted of a human and ecological health risk assessment for the remaining ash not removed from the Emory River during phase one. During this phase, monitored natural recovery was selected to complete the cleanup. This used natural processes such as mixing, scouring and re-depositing and sedimentation of the remaining waste. Now here's some words from today's sponsor, Brilliant.  Brilliant helps you build up your problem-solving and critical thinking skills running at your pace, your rules. They're puzzles that really help me get back on track to start training up my fatty brain into a brainy six-pack. Not just that, but as a person who enjoys learning about the technicals of how things work, some of Brilliant's courses help you learn new subjects. For example, learning about how a search engine works. Or this course about scientific thinking where you explore the laws of physics and principles of engineering which I really enjoy doing. And all of their courses are made by experts.  Even better than that, the first 200 people to subscribe using my URL link www.brilliant.org slash plainly difficult will get 20% of a yearly subscription. After around 70 years and $1.1 billion, the cleanup efforts were considered complete, taking 6,700,000 worker hours. During the peak remediation works, around 900 people were on site per day. Although no one was killed during the spill, as many as 40 would die during the cleanup with hundreds more left with illnesses linked to the toxic materials left on site. The contractor Jacobs Engineering was discovered to have misled many of the cleanup workers of the hazards of coal ash. As such, the company didn't provide correct PPE to workers, meaning many did cleanup works without masks or protective clothing. After a number of years seeking compensation, a federal jury in November 2018 ruled in favour of the workers paving the way from much needed payout. This would be a vital lifeline as many of the workers did not have health or life insurance. The lawsuit is still ongoing with a rejected offer of $10 million in April 2020. The legacy for these workers is respiratory difficulties and long-term illnesses such as elevated chances of cancer. Although the effects were pretty obvious, I mean just look at this aerial photo, the main question remains, how did this happen if it was regularly inspected? LA-based engineering firm ACOM was commissioned by TVA to launch an investigation into the root cause of the dike failure. ACOM, at the start of 2009, began to analyse samples collected from the site. The scope of the work was limited to the identification of the likely cause of the disaster. Something was used to find out the native and non-native site materials to find out their properties in order to see if there are weaknesses in the ponds. On June 25th 2009, ACOM released a final report on their conclusions on the root cause of the disaster. They set out four likely causes, fill geometry, increased fill rates, soft foundation soils and loose wet ash. It was found that the unstable wet ash had slipped underneath the pond, weakening the dike leading to failure. This failure point was compounded by rainfall leading up to the failure of around 6.48 inches between December 1st and December 22nd. However, ACOM's findings were not definitive as unsurprisingly they were unable to get undistributed samples, but that would have really only been possible pre-disaster. In a court case in 2012, to see if TVA was liable for the spill, found that the organization did not build the holding pools according to plans and failed to train its employees on how to properly inspect the dikes surrounding the ash ponds. This led to a failure to maintain the facility to prevent rupture of the dikes, essentially guaranteeing a disaster. The site still operates today and many workers paid the price for the remediation with their health and in far higher number than necessary with their lives. I hope you enjoyed the video. I'd like to thank Brilliant for sponsoring this video. Sponsors like this really help keep the lights on here at Plainly Difficult HQ. So don't forget, if you'd like to check out Brilliant, use this link, www.brilliant.org slash plainlydifficult for the first 200 people to get 20% off an annual subscription. And all that's left to say is thank you for watching.


Alzheimer's disease, AD, is a global health problem that is difficult to cure. Drugs aimed at slowing the progression of the disease have been developed and approved by the Food and Drug Administration, FDA. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of FDA-approved anti-ameloid, anti-A, monoclonal antibodies, MABS, for the treatment of AD. The study identified six randomized controlled trials, RCTs, with a total of 4,471 patients who met the inclusion criteria. FDA-approved anti-A MABS showed statistically significant improvements in clinical outcomes, including CDOSB, ADCS-ADLMCI, ADCMS, and ADISCOG. Additionally, these MABS increased cerebrospinal fluid, CSF, A142 and plasma A42-40 ratios, DECRAE. This article was authored by Winshua Wu, Yiji, Zilan Wang, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Hello, I'm Tenea Taylor and welcome to another MTV News, Jan Pat with all the latest goss on your favourite celebs. Charlotte Crosby and Stephen Bear are here to give us all the goss on the latest episode of Just Had Two of Us, where they were joined by Jordy Shaw newbie, Abby Holburn. It basically gets very emotional, so grab yourself a tissue. You might just need one. Abby was great, she was really lovely, new girl on Jordy Shaw, but her tattoo was really boring, doesn't suffice really to talk about it. The tattoo of that reveal was the one to give our mom. The dog had just died, it was like a family to them and when our mom saw that tattoo, it was so emotional.  We had two dogs, Milly and Molly. That is amazing. Mother and daughter and last week Milly passed away and my mum found it really hard. The dog looked so real. I wanted to stroke it and feed it, but I didn't mean because the dog was dead, but it looked real. Prince Harry and Meghan Markle have announced their engagement with an official statement from Clarence House saying that the wedding would take place in spring 2018. I can hear the cries of girls everywhere as one of Britain's most eligible bachelors is off the market. Some of your favourite celebs are just as excited as the rest of us about another royal wedding and have been sharing their thoughts over social media. Leading those reactions was Meghan's suits co-star and on-screen fiancé Patrick J. Adams who tweeted, she says she was going out to get some milk. Shatter Show host Chelsea Handler also wanted to get in on the action, tweeting, Can't Prince Harry and his American girlfriend run our country? They seem so nice. Don't think that's how it works, Chelsea Love, but one can dream. As if that wasn't enough to be going on with, Barack Obama, Chloe Kardashian, Chrissy Teigen and Leona Lewis also shared their well wishes. Kendall Jenner and Bella Hadid head to the Caribbean to help celebrate Hailey Baldwin's 21st birthday. Last week, Model Hailey turned the big two one. It's what better way to celebrate than to get all your victorious secret model friends together on a private beach in the Caribbean. I sat looking through these pictures, eating pizza and feeling great about myself. You should try it too. I mean, look at this pic. Bella makes her log look sexy. Who does that?  Who even knew that that was a thing you could do? The Girl Gang was sure to keep us up to date with all the shenanigans on their instas, which I've had to swiftly unfollow as it was getting a little bit too much. Lily Reinhart has finally opened up about her pizza obsession. In a recent interview with us, the Riverdale started admitted that she's a picky eater, which means she resorts to ordering in a lot. She said, I order pizza a lot to set. I'm a picky eater, so often if I can't find something to eat at catering, I order pizza. The problem with that is the delivery drivers can't believe they're luck when they realize the pizza lover is none other than Lily herself. This can sometimes get a little bit creepy as she then went on to say, Last time I did that, the delivery guy kept my number and tried to get me to follow him on Instagram. Slightly weird and pretty inappropriate, yes, but we would all try to get Lily Reinhart to follow us on Instagram. Yes, yes, we would. But guys, I wouldn't bother trying to flirt with Lily next time she happens to order an extra large wine special from you because it's thought that she has a boyfriend. They're not official in public, but she might just be dating Riverdale co-star Cole Sprouse. He wasn't always this cute though, as he recently posted this throwback pic from when he attended New York University and said he was the creepy guy on campus with long hair and sweet clothing. He then went on to beg us all not to look for more photos because he's embarrassed of that phase in his life, but of course we're going to dig as much as we can. That's your lot for today on MTV News. I've been Celia Taylor and you can catch me tomorrow.


Hi and welcome to the session. Let us discuss the calling question. The question says find the point on the curve y squared equals to 4x which is nearest to the point o minus 8. We begin with the solution. Let the required point be p having coordinates x by y minus. Given curve as y squared equals to 4x, question this point lies on the curve y squared equals to 4x. So as the curve, sorry, as the point p having coordinates x1 by 1 lies on y squared equals to 4x. Therefore, y1 squared is equal to 4x1. Now, equation of tangent y squared equals to 4x at point x1 by 1 is given by minus y1 equals to 2 by y1 into x minus x1. Now, equation of line through x1 by 1 minus x1 equals to minus 8 minus y1 divided by 2 minus x1. Let's name this equation as 1 and this as 2. Now, from 1, we have y minus y1 divided by x minus x1 equals to 2 by y1. Substituting in place of y minus y1 divided by x minus x1, we get y1 equals to minus 8 minus y1 divided by 2 minus x1. This implies 4 minus 2x1 is equal to minus 8 y1 plus, sorry, minus y1 squared and squared plus 8 y1 plus 4 minus 2x1 is equal to 0. Let's name this equation as equation number 3. We know that y1 squared is equal to 4x1. y1 squared by 2 is equal to 2 formula. We find that y by 8 plus minus square root of 224 divided minus 2 into square root of 24x1. 2 into square root of 40. x1 is equal to minus 8 plus minus 2 into square root of 40 whole squared divided by minus 8 plus minus 2 into square root of 40 whole squared divided by 4 by coordinate is minus 8 plus minus into square root of 40. So, this is our required answer. So, this completes this session. I am taking care.


Hey everybody, it's Brett, and today I'm extremely excited to show you our very first 2020 Ram 1500 TRX Level 2. This one also has the final edition package on it. I'm going to go all the way around in this video. I'm going to show you all the options that come with the final edition package. We're going to talk a little bit about the TRX, all the colors you can get. I'm going to show you the inside. We're going to start it up. Take a look under the hood and just give you the most accurate representation of this vehicle. If you like the videos, subscribe to the YouTube channel, click the bell notifications and get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. This one of course comes with the 6.2 liter supercharged V8 Hemi engine, 702 horsepower and 650 foot-pounds of torque. It's going to get you 14 miles per gallon on the highway, 10 miles per gallon in the city. This one is flame red over diamond black crystal pearl. This truck can be bought in seven different colors, granite crystal, billet silver, night edge blue, which is a new color I haven't seen that one yet, Delmonico red, flame red, harvest sunrise, which I have not seen either.  Those are the different colors you can get. Of course with the TRX you're going to get that granite crystal ram logo on the front, the front bumper parking sensors, the LED headlamps, running lights, and fog lights. Also going to turn all those on at the end of the video, so stay tuned for that. You get the black TRX decal on the hood, also the cowl induction on there. That's all part of that final addition is the decal there. You get the 6.2 liter supercharged badge on the hood as well. Comes with Goodyear Wrangler territory AT tires. These are LT325 65R18 tires. You get that kind of bronze-ish or grayish bronze painted alloy wheels. Get the wide fender flares on there to accommodate for those wheels. The back is also flared out. You get the nice factory painted step bars.  It's over $124,000. You get the LED tail lamps as well. The huge dual rear exhaust tips, towing package of course with receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring. This one does have the power drop down tailgate. Comes with a spray and bed liner from Mopar. Red rail cleats and tie downs, LED bed lights as well. And that spray and bed liner goes on to the tailgate. You also get the LED tail lamps. But back to $124,000, the original window sticker is linked in the description below as well as a description on this truck. And just wanted to give you a good walk around here first and then we're going to dive into the interior before we started up. I want to show you the back seats first. Because these back seats are heated and cooled on the outboard side. You get the patina stitching on there. Power slide and rear window has the Harman Kardon premium sound system with the speakers and the ceiling. This one has the optional dual pane panoramic sunroof. These seats fold up. You also have a storage area under there. The seats also recline a little bit. You can see just how much they recline.  There are your heated and cooled seat buttons. Two USBs, two USB-C's, 115 volt, 400 watt plug-in. You'll notice the real carbon fiber around the cup holders there. That is part of the final addition package as well. And then you do get in-floor storage with removable bins for easy cleaning. Child safety locks in the back doors. Here's a look. This is kind of like a carpet. And then this is the real carbon fiber on there. It's kind of like a carpet texture to it. Really cool trim on the doors as well. The dark chrome on the handle. The Harman Kardon speaker cover there looks good as well. I like how they kind of made these modular gas doors. I really like how Ram did that. Capless fuel fill. And let's check out this interior here. You get the TRX stitched into the backrest of these seats. The light gray accent leather. Both these front seats are heated, cooled, and powered. Driver side lumbar. You get the bright pedals down there. Power pedals, factory all-weather formats, auto headlamps. Doors trimmed out the same way as the back ones. You get an extra speaker up here. Power windows locks mirrors. These mirrors power fold in. And you get a memory driver seat. Top inside. Take a look at the instrument cluster radio. And then we'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Check out all those lights. So this one does have the 12 inch LCD display. Digital spinometer, digital tack. Really good looking. And you get the kind of accent lighting behind there. This one also has heads up display, which is a really nice feature. Love this steering wheel, the real carbon fiber accent. At the bottom of the steering wheel, the flat bottom steering wheel. Definitely some big thumb pads on there. It's suede on the top and the bottom. Leather on the sides. You get the dark RAM logo there. Adaptive cruise controls, regular cruise controls, Bluetooth information center controls, and then audio controls in the back, as well as the big paddle shifters. And you can see you can either do them up top or down low. So that's really cool. So here is your TRX modes. And let's see if it's going to let me change the modes here. So you've got sport, Baja, rock, sand, mud, custom, and then auto, and then snow. We could use some snow settings today. And then, of course, tow mode and sport mode. So all those different options there. You also have a launch control, stability control. It also has an E-locker for the back. Push, button, start. You get that carbon fiber trim on the dash right here. It comes up on top. And then the passenger side glove box has the carbon fiber on it as well. The other really cool thing about the final edition is you get this badge right here. Let's take a look at that. 702 horsepower, 650 foot-pounds of torque. It says final edition. And this is a numbered truck. So 1604 is the number on this truck. So pretty low production number on here. This is suede and leather wrapped on the center console. You get your automatic transmission shifter. You connect five 12-inch radio. You can see it since you get all these different performance pages on here as well, which is pretty cool. It does have the factory navigation system, AM, FM, and Sirius. And you can do your climate controls here, including your dual climate controls, heated seats, cooled seats, all that good stuff. I don't want to get too much into the radio. Factory Brake Controller trailer, reverse guidance system.  It has the wireless cell phone charge pad, two USBs, two USB-C's, and an aux jack right there. You get your keyless entry with the TRX on the back, remote start, and power drop down tailgate. We're going to check out that remote start in just a little bit. I did want to show you the center console because there is a cool thing in here. It's got a TRX next to the Raptor to scale 1 to 60. And you can see the TRX is chasing a Raptor. And then they have the scaled person to the size of a TRX. That's kind of neat. You get all these geometry information here. This is on most RAMs. I think it's on all the RAMs. But anyways, that's the interior. We're going to check out the original Windows sticker in just a second. And but first, we're going to start it up and listen to this thing because this thing is amazing the sound of it. So I actually got to turn it off here so we can start it in back. Once again, thank you so much for checking out the video. If you like it, remember to like, subscribe, and share, and click the bell notifications. Let's start it up. The best sounding truck on the market. You can just feel the air that it's pushing. It's really crazy. These TRX logos are also part of the final edition. Take a look under the hood. And then we'll finish it with the original Windows sticker here and we'll check out all those lights up front. Really a cool truck. Love those LED lights on there. You get the lights in the cowl induction too. That's really cool. And under the hood, not much to see because they got this big cowl on there. But you can see where the air comes in. There you go. There's your 6.2 liter supercharged Hemi. 702 horsepower. And under here, they have a TRX EDNA Raptor. I think that's probably a dig at four. Yeah, really a cool truck. Love that cowl induction, how that works. There's your emission sticker. All right, I'm gonna turn it off and we're gonna take a look at the original Windows sticker here.  Amazing. 2024 Ram 1500 TRX 6.2 liter supercharged final edition. There is your standard equipment, 355 gears, electronic locking, rear axle. You also get a 33 gallon fuel tank. Everything is standard equipment there. The preferred 29Y package is your final edition, which is a $12,850 option. You get the special edition council badge which we looked at, the special edition hood badge, the patina accent stitching, the TRX special edition side graphics, the hood graphics, the real carbon fiber accents, which we checked out, the leather and carbon flat bottom steering wheel. So that steering wheel is special for this package as well. The 18 by nine and a half inch bead lock capable aluminum wheels, lower two-tone paint, adaptive cruise control, lane keep assist, pedestrian emergency braking, trailer reverse steering control, trailer tire pressure monitoring system and deployable step by Mopar. The four adjustable tie down hooks by Mopar and the spray and bed liner is all part of the final edition package. Now the TRX level two package is a $10,995 option. So not as much as the final edition but still a good chunk of change. Accent color door handles, the leather trim bucket seats, ventilated front seats, wrapped driver and passenger assist handles, luxury door trim panel, full length, premium upgraded floor console, heads up display, head up display, digital rear view mirror, the premium wrapped instrument panel bezel and I forgot to show you that but it does have the rear view mirror camera that you can see it right now it's just a normal mirror but it actually does a video display of what's behind you. You get the instrument panel, LED ambient lighting piping, the radio driver seat mirrors and pedals memory, driver seat memory, eight-way power lumbar adjustable passenger seat, eight-way power or four-way power lumbar lumbar adjustable passenger seat, eight-way power driver and passenger seats, power adjustable pedals with memory trailer brake controller the 19 speaker Harman Kardon premium sound system blind spot and cross path detection, heated front seats, heated second row seats, heated steering wheel park sense, front and rear park assist with stop, pickup box lighting, rain sensitive windshield wipers, powered tailgate release rear 6040 split bench seating with the reclining seat and the ventilated front seat or ventilated rear seats are all part of that level too. Dual pane panoramic sunroof is a $15.95 option the off-road styling running boards by Mopar 1195. Total MSRP is 124,970 to get your summit price with all the rebates incentives on this truck in the upper right-hand part of the screen and linked in the description below as a link to our website, click that to get all your pricing options for this ride. If it's still available, if it says sold in the title this truck is sold three or 36 bumper to bumper, five-year 60 powertrain and there are your miles per gallon, 14 highway 10 city and 12 average and it no surprise it is a one and a one on the field economy and small gradings and I would guess that is probably because this is the biggest gas guzzler on the road with 10 and 14, but you do not buy this truck for fuel economy. You'll buy this truck to go very fast and tow things and look be the coolest person in your town. Anyways, thank you so much for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe and share on the YouTube channel and to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 550 new news cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, halftones, three quarter tons, one tons. You name it, we gotta go to the website right there summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summitauto.com and if you wanna check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Click the bell notifications, get updates on the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and light duty truck walkarounds on YouTube and stay current on our ever changing and vast inventory here at Summit Auto. In fact, in a second you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left, a link to all the Ram 1500 TRX videos I've ever done in the upper right, a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those, check us out, we're super excited and to be offering this brand new 2024 Ram 1500 TRX level to final edition in flame red over diamond black. Thank you so much for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe and share in the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


Everybody forced here ripping 2022 gilded and finest baseball hobby 4 box mixer number 8 random team style Check the results anytime at late sports cards calm. I dropped a link in chat as well. Let's go ahead and get started See it now Link posted YouTube no You get that Three finest one gilded good luck So you do have more gilded we have gilded and pristine mixtures tomorrow night I guess I go for more gilded. I Know we're working on getting more in because the stuff is mega popular That's even worse that the next the Nixon six or start earlier Don't be over earlier Bobby Whit jr. Rookie refractor Joe Ryan for the twins Green speckle yada and Molina Cardinals numbered 55 of 125 Josh Jacobs is still out there.  Nice and Eddie Murray finest moments auto Orioles Nice legend hit the fractor auto there Vaughn, what's your favorite part about the current Pro Bowl? What's your favorite part Ricky refractor White Sox Gavin sheets are of excellence Jose Ramirez Aqua shimmer Red Sox Xander Bogarts Number 167 175 Refractor Jose Altuve purple refractor Fernando Tati's jr. Padres Number 240 out of 250 Why do they keep doing the Pro Bowl? I'm guessing they make money on it gold refractor rookie auto Redett and res angels 45 of 50 the angels Yeah, Tyree co got leveled in black football Fractors and her Bogarts. Yeah, light blue Vladimir Guerrero jr. Blue Jays 229 to 300 Pena base Yeah, maybe NHL all-star game look like You know dramatic television So that means baseball is still the best all-star game in sports, right? Derby the best all-star event in sport not close rookie refractor redett and res angels How much were tickets Joshua? I know you looked at him. How much were they? Rookie Aqua Nikola Dullo for the Reds 1 12 of 199 Kenzie Gord who Lee Rodriguez base Finest rookie auto tree amber jay for the Yankees. It's still Yankee and finest. Are you didn't even look? When they when it was in Orlando, like they weren't cheap Tate's refractor, but people still went I Think it's because there was something to do with the NFL in Orlando. I think that's why proper refractor Rangers Corey Seeger Number 102 of 250 One year that I was here. It was like rainy. I'm like dude. Did you imagine one of the Pro Bowl in the rain? What a horrible use of a Sunday night McCutchen refractor Sky blue McCutchen for the Brewers of 300 rookie refractor auto astros Ronnie Dawson refractor Trevor Rogers Wanderfranco or of excellence rookie insert gold refractor rookie Stephen Kwan nice one guardians. There we go 10 to 50 on the Kwan gold rookie Terry playing defense.  So again, everybody just mosaic tonight along with a football mixer and the Was the other one the mosaic football mixer green lava rookie Ryan Vellate Rockies 25 of 99 green refractor auto Tim Anderson white Sox 10 of 99 Solid vet here for the white Sox there refractor Jean-Carlo Stanton Stephen Kwan base Marsh insert Aqua Vladdy Jr. Blue Jays 181 of 199 Louise Heel finest rookies insert Elio respond terror rookie refractor Rockies blue refractor rookie look at that true blue Julio Rodriguez Man Julio is coming out out in these packs tonight 37 to 150 back to back little Mixers here with numbered Julio That's awesome Congrats again mariners rookie refractor auto Detmers again angels got a gold and a refractor auto now refractor Corey seager Beltray green speckle tigers Miguel Cabrera 72 of 125 and cornerstone hater. All right onto the gilded Giants here first the gold edge of Chris Bryant's Giants Chris Bryant 85 and 99 Cubs rookie Alfonso Reeve us 36 of 99 chromatograph a's Matt Chapman a's Matt Chapman 67 of 99 and all very nice O'Neal Cruz rookie mini diamonds 50 of 50 bookends Sick card pirates love it man Pittsburgh has Natalie And framed auto Jeff Bagwell to 99 Astros Hall of Fame framed auto Astros Jeff squat. Well, let me just a sec. We'll do a recap one more of these up next and we're on to the mixer All right, here we go autos read Detmer's for the angels Ronnie Dawson Astros Amber J Yankees Eddie Murray Orioles finest finest moments insert Tim Anderson green for the White Sox Matt Chapman a's to 99 on this one and a gold read Detmer's Angels to 50 the Jeff Bagwell framed auto Astros to 99 Rookie mini diamond O'Neal Cruz pirates bookend 50 of 50 And rookie true blue from finest Julia Rodriguez Mariners Very nice rookies there 37 of 150 That'll do it. Thanks again everybody one more of those three boxes or four boxes up next


The last time I was on a stage like this, a beautiful setting like this, I was up in the Hyde Park Opera House.  And I was part of a winter production of the best Christmas pageant ever in the historic Hyde Park Opera House. And it strikes me how similar this is in structure and space and feel and how important it is to have spaces like this for our communities and for our people to come and enjoy and make them stand for a long time. So I appreciate your efforts and being here and your engagement with this process. There's a ton of things about emergency management. I teach emergency management at the college and as well as being an EMD from Cambridge for three and a half years and the EMD for the college now and part of the association. I stick my nose into just about everything I can. And there's a ton of things that go with it. But we can start pretty simply and we can use small bits to make this all understandable. So I'm just going to talk about the basis of emergency plans, how we know how to make a plan and how we're going to be effective at it. The first thing I'll start out with is a quote from General Eisenhower, which is that plans are useless. Planning is essential. And the reason he says that is because it's never going to look exactly like you think it will when you're making your plan. That was one of the last things Ben said was when we can't prepare for the last disaster. It's going to look different. So we're going to prepare for the next disaster. How do we do that? By being flexible and how we design our plans. The basis of any good emergency management plan is to understand the actual risk, the hazard that you face inside a context. And then you'll be able to know what you're facing and then what you can do about it. So this is, and I'm not going to go too far into it, but what we're going to talk about this is called Thyra, threat, hazard, identification and risk assessment. It's part of a much larger framework. Welcome to the world of emergency management. Just so you know, I never figured I would be on stage. I'm Mr. Dark and Stormy. I've spent my entire life in public safety.  She's a graphic designer. She's looking at the Uncle Ben's rice and she's like, oh look, they redesigned their packaging. The colors are very warm. The texture on the photo is really nice.  She's like, stop. I'm like, no, I read the email on him last week. I have spent my whole life showing up at bad times. And one of the things I love about emergency management is it's one of the only places I've found where I can put all my experience responding to bad things. Into action during good times and have the chance to reduce what happens when things all do go wrong. You're entering into a whole system, a whole framework of being able to anticipate, being able to potentially mitigate, maybe even prevent bad things from happening. And they're all over. The picture is very dramatic. Of course, Irene, flooding. Of course, flooding is not just Irene. The last time that the wrong way bridge flooded in Cambridge, it was April because it snow melted. That's kind of what happens out there. Thankfully, there's no infrastructure that's really at risk when that happens as a regular occurrence. But it's something that happens all the time. We also face other risks. One of us in his room haven't heard at some point recently about an active shooter event, mass homicide or attempted mass homicide. There's been a fire somewhere at Brattleboro, lost a whole block a couple of years ago. There's some risk out there at any given time. This is a system that can be used to identify all of the different potential risks, rate them in terms of the outcomes and the likelihood in the outcomes, and then how to best apply our resources because we're all dealing with limited resources. Inside the world of Ben and I and the folks who do emergency management is a whole thing. We're up here in the identifying and assessing risk and estimating capabilities section. Before we can get to building capabilities, before we can get to validating them, all sorts of things that go with this. The cyber process is actually pretty simple and you probably do this in some other way without recognizing it. The first thing to do is identify the hazard, the threat, the risk, the concern. And I'll use the words hazard when I'm speaking about a natural occurring thing, flooding is a hazard. And I'm using the term threat about a man made or a person caused thing. And whether that's a cyber security, whether that's a car through your front, your office. Is the lesson really, watch out if we hire you to be in charge of everything? Because there's just this little, there's over 40 years, that's fair, that's fair. I've worked with some folks that just seem to have this little dark cloud and I'm just conscious of that. Give the threats context and then establish what you want to be able to do with the capability target and then develop what the resources are that you would need. These are the four steps in conducting a thyra and from there you can end up building a plan. This is just about as mathematical as I get, I was an English major. So this is letters and then I don't actually have to come up with a number of works for me. But this is just a way of conceptualizing how this works. The threat, whatever that thing is, we're going to name it, we're going to call it, say it's flooding, it's a hostel of intruder, it's fire, whatever we need to call it. The vulnerability, what is the risk in this space? Okay, I'm going to say this is a lot of old wood in this space. I would not want a fire breaking out here. So this is a high vulnerability to fire in this space. And then what are the consequences? How many people, if you've ever heard of the station nightclub fire, 100 people killed and they were almost all killed right at the front door they came in, even though there were two other viable exits, people didn't use them. The risk, the vulnerability, that's actually state fire code requiring crowd managers for any event over 50 people and more than one for every 250 people based on fires like that.  So the consequences, what can they be? And then what's that total risk package? Another way of looking at it, a little easier graphic to view, is if we have the probability high to low and the impact low to high, what are the things that we may suffer, what may happen? Ben talked before about fluvial erosion, that the river decides it's going to go, and by the way mother nature, kind of bigger than us. If she decides the river's going this way, that's how it's going to go, at least for a while, inundation flooding, another significant risk. This is straight out of Ramon's, I didn't create this PowerPoint, I modified it along the way. This is straight out of Ramon's threat hazard assessment. It's actually an exercise as they do annually. We're going to be at it tomorrow and Thursday down in Killington. They do a three day exercise, I'm only there for a day and a half of it. But this are what we face here in Ramon, the highest ranked things. Ice storm, you'll notice that the ice storm is relatively likely to happen and relatively low impact compared, high impact compared to some things, lower than some others. We've gotten kind of good at this, we know how this works. But when 1997 came around, the January 98, it was a mess, wasn't it? Everybody remember that one? Just a couple of years ago we had the same thing, and we had at one point, what was the estimate? Literally half of one of the power company's customers out of service, literally half 50% of the people because of the ice storm. We have a system set up for that where we'll have trucks from Canada and trucks from Pennsylvania and line people, line workers come up and repair these things, but it's also an identified risk, and we know that. So we're going to spend time and infrastructure and money in trying to mitigate those kinds of risks. And interestingly, so in Cambridge, if you've ever gone around the wrong way bridge, that bank is hardened because we know that river's going to flood. We know that happens to be an area. So the state has, transportation has built that bank up so that it can take that kind of flooding. There are other roads that were the same amount of water to run across it, it would just wipe them away. We figured out this is a space, we armored it, we dealt with it. Winter storm, very likely to happen, but overall not that much of an impact because we know how to plow, we're used to it. I laugh, my brother lives in North Carolina. Three inches of snow, they're done for. He can't go to the grocery store for a week. I called him up, my first year in Vermont, I came out here for college in 1992, and I called him up January 93, I was at Linden State, it's up on the top of the hill, it was a wicked cold winter, and I'm like, oh, Scott, it's so cold up here. He goes, yeah, I know, it's been cold down here too. Last week I had to put on a sweater. I was like, shut up, it's not nice. So when we identify the risks, we're gonna find the highest risk things, and we're gonna say, how do we deal with these? How do we mitigate these? This is where our first dollars and the largest number of dollars, our first effort and the largest number of effort are going to be disease outbreak, you can see, probably not really for the arts and culture, probably not the thing you need to worry about most. If there's an outbreak going on, it's public health. If there's an outbreak going on in their recommendations, you know, if you have an exhibit that gets touched a lot, then put some hand sanitizer next to it, things like that. That's all good. Not where you need to invest your dollars, even though it's in the news a lot. If you were up here, like, I didn't look out back, but it seems like we're kind of high up, flooding is probably not the biggest risk for this theater. Anyone check me on that? We're a little bit higher up, right? So I'm not worried so much about flooding here. Somebody down the river, somebody down a little closer to, obviously Weston, that's going to be the concern. Here, we would use this process and come up with a slightly different answer than this. And that's okay, that's the point. It's flexible, it's here for you. From there, the state loves these little diagrams. From there, this is everything I've said already. You identify what the threat is, you give the threat or the hazard context, you establish the capability target, and then you say, what is it that I need to do to get there? How does this work?  I want to hike up on Camels Hump. It's a little kind of granular. Yeah, you can read that, okay. I want to go hiking on Camels Hump. I have a couple of things I need to keep in mind. One, I'm kind of sensitive, I get sensitive feet. I don't know, it's a thing. I always need good insoles. My left one bothers me, my right one. My boots that are going to not make my legs hurt when I'm going up. Last time I went hiking, weather outside, right? It was 40s today, so I don't want to get up to the top and then be really cold. Things I have to keep in mind. If it's a five-hour hike, there's no facilities along the way. This is some context. The top third of the mountain is above the Clermont Climb. Anyone hiked Camels Hump? You know this, right? This is all stuff. And that's what I'm saying. I'm going to hide this in this setting and how to move it into the world of emergency management and protecting this stuff, if you do. It's a gorgeous view up there, but that top third of it is above the Clermont Climb. There's no trees left, it's just scrub, and it gets wicked windy up on top. So you're going to need to know that you need to bring a jacket. Let me see the next one. Yeah, removable layers, right? We're out hiking, that's an old thing. And then when I get up to the top and then I want to sit, I'm going to want to have a bite to eat, I need to have some snacks with me. The time I went hiking, the last time I went hiking up there, I went up and got up having my little peanut butter and honey sandwich and another crew managed to get up there with a six-pack of beer and I'm like, dude, you guys beat me. I just got a sandwich. I suppose they had to figure out how not to get too shaken up going up the mountain. So this gives us context, this gives us some capability targets, this gives us some resource requirements. Once we do that, we're going to say, okay, what do we have and what do we need to get? So if I have lots of granola at home already but I don't have any protein bars because I ate them on my last hike, I don't have any peanut butter, but I got plenty of honey. I know what I need to run to to get to the store. I also need to make sure that if I just bought new shoes that I have transferred my insoles, got new insoles, I don't want to be sore. I need to make sure that I actually grab my coat, my light layers, whatever it is. Just yesterday when I was wearing my boots, these are actually brand new shoes so I'm actually doing okay for once. I feel good. Now that I know that, I know that the week before I'm going to swap my insoles, I'm going to go buy some food supplies and I'm going to make sure I pack a light jacket. It's all stuff we've done before, right? At some point, you know, anyone ever travel with kids? Right? There was an NPR this week, about two weeks ago, I think it was actually, they did one of those little blurbs, it was kind of funny news, they just threw it out there. A state was trying to revoke a woman's license plate and she ended up winning the argument and keeping you know exactly where I'm going with this, right? The license plate was the license plate was P, B, 4, U, Go. Clearly she travels with kids a lot. That's a little bit of an emergency plan.  It's the same thing. Here, this isn't so silly. This is our beloved historic building, okay? We're going to look and say we want to protect this from flooding water damage. So I don't, yeah, there's no sprinklers in here either, so that brings us back to fire risk in this building. If there were sprinklers in here, that would be a separate risk to the historic building like this. Okay? If there's a, if there was a shop down in the basement, like a carpentry shop, I would really be concerned if there wasn't some kind of fire suppression system here. I'm not trying to ding on the, on the theater here, I'm just saying that we've got to be conscious of where we're at and the risks. So in our context, we'll go back to the Western Playhouse. They know that they're in the floodplain. They know that they're concerned about risk. In fact, we heard how they were conscious of what a three-foot flood would do and move stuff out of the way. They weren't expecting, you know, the whole dam river to come into play. So if we're worried about flooding and water damage, the building is within the 100-year floodplain. And again, the FEMA maps that are out there and the 911 maps that overlay the flooding. Again, that's inundation flooding that is not the river deciding to move or overpowering its banks. That's just if it's a lazy Sunday and all the water backs up. But the other thing we need to consider, especially an old building like this, a water line might break. If the bathroom window gets left open and it's, you know, zero degrees outside, 10 below, that might freeze up the bathroom. The pipe bursts and we soak everything downstream of that, below that. We want to be able to protect our stuff. Knowing that, we know that we have a lot of paper or historical articles. Actually, going up, anyone remember actually the very first meeting that started this network, we had a presentation from UVM from the Fleminghaus where it was a Fleminghaus. Another area, yes, where they had just barely finished moving the majority of their collection into waterproof containers when the building caught fire and the firefighting effort poured water all over everything. And if they had not just finished that project of moving everything into those waterproof containers, they would have, they're just a hundred years of stuff would have just been gone. And they said this is a risk we face just because we have sprinklers, just because I don't even know what the genesis of them wanted to do that was, but I know that they actually saved themselves a phenomenal amount by engaging in an active process. So if we're conscious that we have historical items, papers, articles, whatever, and we need to protect our paper records from flooding, then we determine the volume of materials to be protected, what the right storage system comes into assessments of what's money, what money is available, what functions, what space. I can't tell you and no one can tell you what's right in your space. This has to end up being a decision you make based on the logistics, based on the need, based on the resources you have available for connecting with people. This might mean that you identify that you need to make some kind of a capital campaign or an outreach campaign to get what you need. There's restrictions of the space that you're in. Maybe there's things that just can't be done to retrofit this space. Maybe you can't lift a 200-pound 8-foot steel cabinet up the only flight of stairs you have because the stairs are too tight. Up on St. Mike's campus, we have the old hero theater and the stairs just wind all the way around.  So what is the best you can do? What's the mitigation? But the thought process behind this was down in Wilmington where the town clerk realized when the river was rising during Irene that all of the land transfer records were handwritten into books in the ledgers that were down in the basement of that building which was right next to the river and they spent a couple of hours walking downstairs, grabbing an arm load of books, putting them in a room, walking back down and sure enough the basement flooded. And that was millions of dollars in transfer records, tax records, time and effort that would have had to have been recreated or just lost entirely with no way of getting it back. If they hadn't done that mitigation project right there in the moment, better to have that happen intentionally have it ahead of time because if the river was rising at 2 in the morning and she wasn't there to think of that in that moment there would have been no way to fix that. So from there we know that if everything is in boxes in the basement if we have an upstairs office again this is, you have to say decide what works in your space but this is the foundation for how to write a plan, how to create a plan how to put one in place. If we were talking about an active threat and a hostile intruder comes into this space what would we do? We need to understand where the exits are. There's a great example with the magician being able to say I'm going to perform my next act out there. Everybody follow me out. I've actually been in stage productions before where something from the smoke machine set the fire alarm off and then everybody's like is that part of the show? And so somebody has to jump up and this is a crowd manager and if you don't have crowd managers be conscious of that because it's actually state law that you fire code you have to follow and somebody go up and say folks this is not part of the performance we need everybody to follow some basic directions and have a plan for how you're going to direct people out of there and in fact it might have even been an option in that case even though the threat wasn't to fire maybe that's the easiest thing to do because everybody knows how to do that because let me just say hey guys I just want everybody to stand up, you know there's a bomb maybe so if you just comes off kind of rough right versus hey pull the fire alarm sorry we had to interrupt those to show everybody to step out because of fire alarm we're all going oh fire alarm I don't bring my jacket bring my water bottle how are you doing okay it's a much less of a a traumatic thing if we thought about that ahead of time rather than trying to make it up in the moment then we'll probably succeed better the other thing cooperation from other incidents we know that Vermont snow melts eventually and that happens if it does rapidly especially if a storm system is coming through at the same time that the flood may happen six years ago three years ago someone left the bathroom window open things like that are context you can look around either in your facility or you can look around for other buildings in your area or other places or places like yours and say what has happened here and I assure you it has happened here one of the key things we keep pointing out in emergency management and again on Mr. Dark and Stormy this is my whole life is that it has and therefore it will again in Essex 2006 I was one of the police officers that responded to the shooting that took place in that school okay it has happened here okay fires all over the place flooding all over the place ice storms it has happened here broken sprinkler systems they've happened so we do need to make sure we're aware that we're being conscious that we understand what we face is real and our responsibility our obligation to the people that come into our venues to the people that have donated to the venues to the people that have given their lives and their sweat and their tears and the space and the people that need the cultural opportunities and experiences we have that obligation if we're the stakeholders if we're controlling the venues if we're in charge of the shows I was just talking with Tom just a minute ago were you hiding in the back you must have run out even the fair the street festivals I'm Mr. Dark and Stormy what happens if somebody drives a truck into your crowd just like they did in Nice France you know that stuff exists in the world and that's the difference between hazards and risks anyone from Middlebury here excellent I got a buddy who's a cop in the Middlebury Police Department and every time we get a thunderstorm I open the radar app on my phone because I love thunderstorms the good storm I never do wherever I am but Middlebury gets hammered every time doesn't it no matter which direction the storm is coming it runs right through Middlebury like a freight train if you're having some kind of outdoor festival and you've got the little tent canopy thing set up all over the place you need to have a plan for what happens when the wind kicks up and those things start rolling like tumbleweeds through the aisles something to be conscious of we can do this in every space we can do this for every event whether we're inside or outside some bad thing has happened and there is some way to protect, to mitigate to make sure that we don't have it as bad as it could be because we were prepared believe it or not that's the basis of what you're going to end up writing your emergency management plan on now writing a plan is a whole separate conversation but you can already go back start looking around your space and go this might work this might not we don't have a resource to deal with this we should look at that because that's a gap that's going to be how you end up coming up with a plan I'm probably way early I'll take some questions and then any other questions that need to be had from anywhere along the line as well because I doubt I have that much to talk about on this topic anyway so we're coming on our 10th year of the River of Light Lantern Parade in Waterbury which is an outdoor event at night with two or three thousand people and so what do you recommend for a plan absolutely so here's the thing anywhere you have people you can have problems right we're all human and again I'm not exactly the optimist my wife does the rainbows and sunshine I don't so traffic control and the venue control are one of the primary things if this is going to be if there's any way to be able to solidly block off the area where it's going to be out of service for a while get the fire department to park their truck block in this or Waterbury get the construction vehicles it's a mess I know they're doing good work so have those vehicles this section this section are going to be blocked off park vehicles on this side park vehicles on that side that gives you a whole space to protect from a vehicle born incident from there the next thing is probably just education because it's not like in a wide open venue it's not feasible and also it's not really in the context to try and set up a metal detector everywhere because the risk really isn't that high you'll notice back in that the you know the crosswise in active active shooter wasn't even listed because it's such a rare event by the way I know I know some of them just went what really it happens all the time it actually doesn't there's when you look at the FBI standards for what an active shooter event is attempted mass murder with a firearm it's actually happens about 20 times a year in the United States that's the average 16 to 20 in the US that's a lot of square mileage hundreds of millions of people 20 times a year less than 200 people die in these events each year more people die from the flu okay we don't see that because we're constantly inundated with the media images and with the politicals and every and it's very emotional and all that's valid but be conscious that it's not actually high of a threat and as imminent as we're being kind of just processed with all the time so we don't want to live especially in a celebration like that with the idea that we have to have four knocks around us that's not reality so if you take some basic precautions about put vehicles here vehicles there and actually we face a greater risk from a drunk driver crashing into the crowd than we do an intentional homicidal act but that vehicle would protect against that just the same so the fire truck or the construction vehicle and giving us a nice safe space in between to just have a good time and then move them afterwards and from there have people conscious that okay water rate doesn't have its own police department anymore so make sure that somebody recognizes that the state police have you reached out and have a liaison with the state police are they likely to have a presence there you have two officers there fantastic then you've handled 90% of what's gonna come up we're gonna have a fire department and a rescue squad they know they're gonna be involved in the planning they probably have a plan about we're gonna have a dedicated ambulance crew just for the festival and an ambulance crew because they have at least two trucks that's still able to take the medical calls from anybody else that has their issues knowing as an event organizer what the fire department has for a plan does it just go right on Main Street right in front of the fire department okay everyone's gonna need to make a plan okay this is the road this is the road this is the road that are blocked off you wanna as an event organizer know what their plan is to get if whatever their other unrelated emergency is on that side of things how they're gonna do so that you can help them so that's a conversation we have a planning meeting with the fire rescue the state police just a probably one hour coordination meeting everybody loves coffee and cookies and have a quick conversation about this is what you would want to do to protect how to help you out best a couple of things just to keep that incidental from happening and you've got 90% of a plan right there we have one more maybe time for one more question in the back and then we'll move on to the next speaker hi my name is Shana Bowler I'm from Middlebury College I'm the arts events manager at the Mahini Art Center I have I just want to first of all say that all of my student ushers are trained crowd managers and that we are all trained crowd managers I can't recommend that enough even if you have volunteer ushers it's just really important that they have some basis of knowledge in that but I had a question about accessibility we've been working on that a lot at Middlebury and so we've been we're incorporating how to evacuate folks with disabilities during all of the emergency scenarios and I wonder if you have that at St. Mike's if you have included that in your plans at St. Mike's absolutely and by the way I work with you folks from Middlebury and your public safety counterparts quite a bit they're really on the ball and doing some great work so yes we have to be conscious when we have a person a student that is in a wheelchair that we don't put them on the second floor of a building because in a fire alarm the elevator drops to the first floor and waits for the fire department and you can't use it our housing assignments have to be based on where a student will be able to still get out of the building under their own power we have a student with actually a medically sensitive to temperature so we're actually adapting the fire the fire evacuation plan to that person be shelter in place much like the Department of Health in Burlington on One Way Cherry Street has a cafe that is staffed by people who are visually impaired it's on the second floor they're not going to be able to find their way out of the hall down the stairs out onto the street so they have an area what's called an area of refuge I'm not a fan of that I'm not either but it's better than having them fall down the stairs and break their neck if the fire department knows that that's their job is to get to that window and get them out of there because it's part of the plan right so in an arts center they don't come with plans they don't come with IEPs which is why plans which is why plans are very very helpful planning so if you thought about this ahead of time in your space then you know so someone coming back and here usually there's a cutaway like there's two or three chairs that aren't there right where the camera platform is that's where a person would be able to set up with a wheelchair because they don't have to be in the hallway that's already in part a plan the next person the next thing is for your person who's a crowd manager to go one or two people say it's between the two of us to get that person out that door or that door whichever one is available one of the two of us is responsible to do that that way you have redundancy in your system and you have some of its definitively tasked with that so that it doesn't get missed I noticed on your Doug I noticed on your risk and outcome assessment diagram it doesn't have long term electrical outages or grid failures and I was just thinking about this hall you know like if the power went out for two days in the middle of the winter and that the heat would stop the pipes would freeze the alarm systems would fail the internet and phones would be down the door locks might fail and there would be electricity light batteries were used up so just curious about how the state thinks about that and what kind of planning for grid outages if it's not going to be in the risk diagram you know how do you plan for it absolutely so the power and I'm not going to speak for the state but I'll tell you I've been involved in the in the planning process and the long term power outage is actually a whole separate system this is just an example it wasn't comprehensive of everything the state's considered think about New York City if you live on the 99th floor of a skyscraper and the power goes out right you're either not getting groceries or you're not going back in your house after you do but even even beyond that if you get down if you do get down to the store how do you use your debit card if they don't have any power either remember the blackout they had a couple years ago it was a squirrel that got into a transformer that they didn't have a replacement for and it took days to get New York City and have the Eastern Seaboard back online and all of those things are risks in that case it was during the summer so heat stroke and exhaustion was a risk as well as fresh water which we've all become accustomed to but you can't get up 99 floors without electricity or power absolutely right inside this space it wouldn't be the state's obligation to figure out what to do but it's great that you thought of it if the power goes out in this space you might have to consider whether you need to find the water valve the water main and turn that off and open the lines to bleed them out so that they would have room if they froze to to expand and not crack the pipes that would be part of your long-term power out plan the batteries the exit sign is going dead not your problem because if it's out for two days you're not having anything in here anyway you've secured the building until everybody will be back when the power is on and you don't have to worry about that light so just wipe that concern away it's identifying those kinds of things and thinking about them ahead of time when I'm doing active threat presentations I say I try and get everybody to be paranoid for five minutes a day I want you to be here I want you to be in Hannaford I want you to be in the bank and I want you to get this all goes wrong right now insert disaster here happens I can see that there's a door there I can see there's an exit sign there so that probably goes right outside I've been in a lot of bad situations I've been an EMT firefighter, coast guard all sorts of bad things and I have thought all sorts of ways this goes south what am I going to do do the same thing be paranoid in your space for five minutes a day and figure out what would you do and then actually pick it up and do it or pick this chair up actually pick it up see what it's like that muscle memory that's building a plan not because the plan will work but because planning is essential alright thank you Doug very helpful


Here we go. Welcome to Church of the Chair where we wish this book didn't exist. I'm your hostee and today We're floating in the wrong direction if you're new around here I need to give you a warning in this series. I will be spoiling all of Stephen King's books So if you haven't read them all I suggest you click away now. You've been warned today. We're talking about Elevation by Stephen King. So how does elevation tie into the Dark Tower series and the Stephen King universe in general? Let's get into that now. There are very very many a Lot of shoehorned-in references in this book But the first one is going to be Castle Rock The story takes place in Castle Rock. Also, there is a mention of inside view when inside view is important because Richard D's from the Night Flyer Ties in that short story, but also inside view is mentioned in the vast majority of Stephen King's books Especially the Dark Tower. We have a mention of the number 19 the number that Deidre wears at During the race at the end of the book her number is number 19 Then we have the suicide stairs Which are mentioned at the beginning of Gwendi's button box the book that Stephen King wrote with Richard Chismar I'm not sure if I'm going to be redoing the Gwendi's series Well, I only did a theorist video for the first Gwendi book because I'm not doing any Theorist videos on anything not written by King and King did not help Chismar write the second book It's very obvious in my opinion, but if you guys want to see it I will put myself through it and I will read the third and final book that King is actually a part of supposedly But this is the book that I point at when people say I don't believe that Stephen King had anything to do with Gwendi's button box I do you can feel King's Presence in that one you of course couldn't feel it in in the sequel the Gwendi's magic feather And I don't know how much of a hand he had in the last book But from what I hear from people who are close is That he probably didn't have much at all to do with it other than signing off on certain ideas and letting Chismar use the dark tower As his own personal playground in the original video once again Everyone was either complaining about the book along with me or they said that they enjoyed it So I don't have any extra user. Sorry viewer. I keep saying user comments and I apologize I don't have any extra viewer comments as far as theories are concerned So that's really all I have for this one. Sorry the video is short I was going to lump it in with cycle of the werewolf at the end of the day that didn't make any sense whatsoever So cycle the werewolf will be up tomorrow, but that's all the time I have for you today Did I miss anything? Do you have any corrections of anything? I said in this video or do you have theories yourself on how? Elevation ties in to the dark tower series or Stephen King's universe in general Let me know down there in the comments But until next time I'll hell the chair. It's going to be insanely obvious that I did not want to do this video But it's done Y'all have fun. Have a good day. All that stuff. Why why do you exist? Why?