Hey everyone, welcome to our monthly update where we like to go over all of our closed trades for the month May is over may is in the books. So let's jump in and take a look just a quick recap Had a total profit of nine hundred and one dollars in May average profit per trade Fifty six dollars and thirty one cents, which is down quite a bit from our normal average just because of a couple Losers that we did take this month But we had 13 winners three losers 16 total trades for a winning percentage over 81% Had a lot of different trading strategies and we continue to really pound this into the head of our members that you want to Diversify not only the symbols you trade, but the strategies you trade the amount of time in the trade So this is just one example of how we're able to continue this consistency Short strangles iron condors calendar spreads short call verticals short put verticals long put verticals long puts Pre-earnings long call and post earnings short put verticals. So a lot of different strategies traded Let's go over to the Platform and take a look. Here's our performance page. You can always access this navigation trading comm Slash performance by the way our pro membership has reopened So if you're interested just to go to anywhere on our site navigation trading Click on the orange button that says pro membership and you can check us out there But this is our performance page. So we've been posting here going all the way back to June of 2017 You can click on this to kind of enlarge it a little bit But this just shows, you know going back to June of 2017 all of our closed trade profits And this is updated below. So in 2019 we've closed 57 trades average profit per trade right at $99 with a winning percentage of 80.7% and then if you scroll down below you get a breakdown of each month showing the symbols We traded the number of contracts the strategy and the overall profit as you can see We had three losers this month two of them pretty sizable and this was due to these were long Positions meaning we we were bullish. We wanted the market to go up to benefit those however The overall market this month was more to the downside now The good thing is we keep short delta in our portfolio. So our overall profits actually grew this month Significantly even though we had to take losses on these long positions So anytime you're trading with positions in both directions Obviously, you're gonna have some losers and some winners in this case We went ahead and just cut these loose and took the loss, but still profitable. Nonetheless And this is may you can scroll down and look at our past months as well And let's go into our members area and recap a little bit more detail about these trades So if you're a pro member, this is what your membership area looks like You've got the navigation alerts with the current alerts current portfolio our closed trades We do a weekly video update on all the trades at the end of each week And then you have access to all the strategy training from iron condors to short strangles butterfly spreads calendar spreads and Every strategy that we teach here But let's go back to the closed trades and just give you an idea of what we did this month in Boeing We did a long put vertical so we were bearish on Boeing booked a nice profit of $442 there oil was a great trade From a perspective of turning a losing trade into a winner And I recorded a separate video all about this trade because it's so important to understand how to adjust How to manage how to stay mechanical this is a position that we put on and starting with in October of last year and immediately went significantly against us in fact oil dropped 40 percent from the time that we got in To hit the bottom and then right after that basically did a V bottom and rallied 57% with very little pullback so check out that video I go in more detail there, but the bottom line is we Managed from a significant loser. I think we were down over $10,000 at one point on this trade and just managed our way back stayed mechanical ended up booking a nice profit of 460 on that one next trade EEM we did an iron condor and booked a profit of 230 in XRT. We just bought a long put sometimes simple is good Booked a profit of 284 just looking for some downside on XRT and we got it EWZ we did a short strangle booked a profit of 136 XBI we did an iron condor booked 140 in video We did an iron condor how to make a couple adjustments, but ended up booking a nice profit of 148 in Walmart We did a pre earnings long call Just never got the upside momentum going into earnings that we wanted took a loss on that one of 430 And then Facebook and Apple the two bigger losers that I mentioned We just had short put verticals, which are bullish positions We're looking for prices to go high and then the market just kind of collapsed Momentarily and so we ended up just taking a loss on these booked a loss on Facebook of 1310 and apple 1404 XRT we did a short strangle you can see we had to manage adjust roll several times there But stay a mechanical booked a profit of 340 in VXX, which is the volatility index We did a short call vertical booked a nice profit of 225 XLV we had an iron condor. That's the health care ETF booked a profit of 224 in SPX when implied volatility was nice and low we entered a calendar spread and booked a nice profit of 540 and XBI we did a long put vertical so we were bearish on XBI booked a nice profit of 610 And on Apple we did a post earning short put vertical booked a profit of 266 So those are all closed trades in May again great diversification as far as symbols strategies time in the trade All those different things that really matter when you are trying to become Consistent as a trader so hope that was helpful. Don't forget to always check out the trade hacker community Just go to community that navigation trading calm We've got hundreds of members in there answering questions asking great questions You can interact with and meet like-minded traders just like yourself So check it out that is free no cost to join the community and hope to see you on the inside Have a great one great another month of trading. We'll see you next time


T.F.N.N. The Tiger. Financial News Network. T.F.N.N. Headline News Update. Hi everyone, Basel Trapper here on this Wednesday the 18th of May. Thank you Tommy O'Brien for that market kickoff great show starting off at 9 o'clock here at T.F.N.N. We go all the way through to 4 o'clock. We're looking at the Dow down 471 points at $32,182. Yesterday was a really good day. Stop dead right at the 14-period moving average. This morning it opens at the 9 o'clock and then goes low. This is going to be tough. This is the 4 to 5 sessions after a low that was made on the 12th of May, $31,228. This is really important. Can the market keep moving higher if you've got a target? Target retail stores down 54 points at $160. This is down 25%. That is amazing. Walmart did the same thing. Walmart down very sharply. Walmart is down 4% off the yesterday's big move down. So it's gone from 160 to 26 of April to 125 this morning. That's really tough but there are areas that are pockets of strength. So let's just go through them. We're looking at the S&P down 67 at $4,022. Stolen nicely off the low of $38,588. We'll see how we close today. Can we find some strength that should at least ameliorate some of this tremendous selling pressure that we've got due to some of these retail stocks tanking. The QQQ is down $5.5 at $300.58. Also, not too bad when you're looking at the overall picture. Looking at the IWM. IWM is trading now down 179. Actually holding the nine-period moving average. The indices themselves are showing some resilience to the days young. We'll see what happens in a few hours time. Gold is down at 10 at $1808. That's interesting because the dollar found some support right on the 40-period moving average. It's up 17 ticks at 103.52. If it's able to get back to 104.30, that's very good. For drops below 102.20, that's not very good. We're looking at crude oil. Crude oil is still showing strength. It's turned around now. It's up 20 cents at 109.80. But it's holding very nicely in the TLT. Oh, those bonds. The bonds are giving up just a fraction at 150.25 up 79 cents. I'll be right back for the Tiger Technicians. I'll check out more people on my debt views later. Hope to see you in a few minutes. Otherwise, have a great day.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com coming at you with the number block randomizer for the following teams right here for pick your Team 18 diamond icons 18 will be in a separate video These teams won't be part of the hit list promo But everyone get a block of numbers Non-numbered cards will be randomized to the group zero gets any and all redemptions including one of one redemptions one gets live one of ones blah blah blah blah blah but PJ ended up getting all the spots So I have to run a randomizer. Thanks PJ appreciate it. We'll see you for the break jaspyscasebrakes.com


السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته. مرحباً لكم في الحكام SOS لحصول أن تتحدث عن محاولة الإسلامية ومعاقشاته بأمام الخاص بها. أخبركم بشيء مرحباً أنا السلام عليكم ورحمة الله. سيحاكم. سيحاكم. سيحاكم. سيحاكم. نحن نتحدث عن محاولة الإسلامية ومحاولة الإسلامية. أعاد لكم تسأل من المؤكد لأسأل من المؤكد من المؤكد عندما لدينا محاولة الإسلام ونحن نتحدث عن محاولة الإسلامية ومحاولة الإسلامية. لذا مثلاً maybe there's a corner shop or grocery store they serve alcohol or haram meat this person has now decided that you know he wants to pay homes maybe he stopped selling the alcohol in the haram meat but from his income we've got a mix of haram money and haram as well what is that person supposed to do with the money? the second category in which the khumus becomes wajib on is the wealth of the money which is halal but mixed with the haram and the example you've mentioned if somebody was selling mixed haram and halal products and items in his shop or company in this case if somebody falls into such a situation and he was to start paying khumus and he's got the wealth in which he's mixed and he doesn't know how much is it it's mixed with the haram halal is mixed with the haram he doesn't know how much the haram is exactly it's all mixed, it's all in one account in this case he should pay khumus on the sum of the profit or the money he gained and he made and of course the rest of the wealth in sha Allah will be halal after paying the khumus on the total amount gained from these two sources of income the halal and the haram which he doesn't know so if they pay the khumus on such money then it becomes halal nowadays with people with money they like to invest they like to invest in stocks and shares sometimes invest in the bank and this is usually like interest rates are we supposed to pay khumus on such investments as well especially if they become very very profitable those who wish to participate in such trade i.e. selling buying shares and so forth and with regard to considering the interest for example in this case such people should initially ask permission from their marja the hakamashara so they can actually involve and engage in such trade number one number two whatever they gain as profit they have to pay khumus of course so that's the issue that they have to pay khumus there's no way they can get away with it but they need a prior permission from the jurist شكرا being a bit tricky a bit sly and trying to work with loopholes can a muslim sell halal products and halal products alongside halal products and then use khumus to purify the whole money so let's say I've got I'm making very good money on alcohol sales I decide that I want to sell halal meat as well and other halal products and the profits that I make I pay khumus on it and it purifies all of the money can I get away with this? well it is not permissible to trade in such items and products and they must stop trading in such items such as alcohol and pork meat it is haram so with regard to the income or the profit made out of these haram sellings and trade this profit and money will become what is known as مظالم or رد مظالم رد مظالم means wealth in which has no owners رد مظالم so there are no owners for these money because you cannot own alcohol or pork meat they are haram to be used and trade with so the money gained should be paid to حاكم الشرع المرجع so they can pay it to those who are in need but not in the means of khumus in the sense of khumus in a different title so you cannot trade you cannot sell alcohol or buy alcohol for selling them and so forth it's a haram it's a forbidden act you're committing a sin every day every minute when somebody comes and buys that haram product and it's not counted you cannot pay khumus on such thing it goes somewhere else it goes to let's say like a charity and goes to as رد مظالم as mentioned it doesn't go and fulfills the payment of khumus so the best thing is to avoid such trade and business and Allah سبحانه وتعالى will sustains the one who is engaged in حلال trade and حلال buying and selling so what happens when someone has حلال money and حلال money mixed together and this person has spent all the money before even paying khumus on it what happens in such a situation in such cases the one should go to the merger or the jurisdiction follows and he should reach an agreement with him as they say a settlement with regard to the payment of khumus so if that settlement is achieved and agreed upon then that's fine I think it's really important that people really take khumus lightly that this money actually belongs to the Imam of the time and you're kind of like stealing from him if you're not paying your khumus it's a very serious matter masha'Allah شخنة I mean growing up we always used to read stories in regards to and treasure and treasure hunting I don't think we find much treasure these days but it has happened where people find bag filled with money or they dig in their garden and they find artifacts which are worth a lot of money gold coins and so forth on these treasures and treasure troves are we obliged to pay khumus on those what if they're not ours what if they belong to somebody else with regard to the treasures found in the ground or as the said mentions in a mountain or in a wall that is known to be as a treasure and the land in which you found that treasure doesn't belong to anyone so you're let's say in an overland in a mountain that doesn't belong to somebody if you found such a treasure of course there's a khumus for it you have to pay the khumus and the rest is yours so you cannot just because you found it you can own it everything inside that box or that bag you pay the khumus and the rest becomes حلال and yours as long as they don't belong to anybody else so that's the most important thing it's to make sure that it's not on someone else's land and most likely they have a right to it not you but if they don't if it's on a land where it's free then make sure and enjoy the money maybe donate to if I was on TV شخنا let's move our conversation for now in terms of how to pay khumus and you were discussing that you're supposed to pick a particular day and throughout the whole throughout the year when that day comes you pay khumus on that day however what happens if I've got a product I bought a week before the day or let's say my khumus day is tomorrow I bought a hat or gloves or a jacket the day before I haven't used the item yet because I've just bought it I haven't even taken it out in the bag the next day comes and it's time to pay my khumus so is it a yearly date where I have to pay khumus or is it that I have to wait for one year on the actual product or item or property before I pay khumus on it well there's two ways to pay khumus there's an easy way and there's a difficult way there's a common way and there's a less common way the common and the easy way is to set a day in the year as I've mentioned previously the first day of the month of Ramadan for example the 10th day of Muharram I don't know whatever date you can choose to remind you of the khumus maybe occasions they hold you or a sad occasion for example to remind you of the khumus date due and from by setting that day the fiscal year then it becomes why do you want you to pay the khumus when you reach that due date and as I've said you calculate whatever is left over and surplus of your annual income and you pay the 20% the khumus of that amount the second difficult way or less common way is to pay khumus without of course setting a day in the year is to pay khumus on everything you get you possess immediately so you buy this book you have to pay a khumus for that book as you mentioned you borrow the hat you have to pay the khumus on that hat immediately okay so the good and the advantage of having a date set for every year is that you can be rest assured and relax and when it comes that particular due date you calculate and then you pay the khumus of the surplus and the remaining amount I think that's a lot easy for everyone else I don't think people are quite happy to pay khumus straight away as soon as they buy an item we pay enough tax as it is شخنا how does a person set a date for the beginning of the financial year in order to pay khumus on his wealth as mentioned just recently that you have to choose a hijri calendar year so a day in the Islamic calendar let's say ربيع الأول ربيع الثاني the month of Ramadan صفر محرم دول حجة دول قاعدة whatever date you wish a month you choose a day you choose you set that date and which is the start of the fiscal year so you choose that date you stick to it and every year when it comes a new date you start to calculate and you take out the khumus of that not only money but in overall assets you own whatever you have you have not used you haven't used them during the year as I've said you haven't wore the clothes in which you bought them for example the gifts you haven't used them for example they just left for the whole year without use so whatever is left over you haven't used them spend them then you have to pay khumus شخرة if someone is unemployed they don't have any money and maybe they receive money once twice three times a year large large sums of money to help them are they obliged to pay khumus on that well as I've mentioned that they have to set a day in the year in which they can start paying khumus so when they have set that date and they reach that due date then they have to start paying khumus from that particular date in the year in the hydro calendar so they must pay the khumus but they have to initially set the date so they can manage their payment of khumus by calculating whatever is left over from from the past year Excellent شخرة if a person pays for the expensive of others is he or she obliged to specify a fiscal year start date for himself in order to pay the khumus on the surplus to his requirements yes of course of Gatria and Wajib the one might be the son or the daughter living with their parents for example and they're getting money from the father for example or mother or from the cousins or from the uncles and so forth that money which is gained it's a gain isn't it yes it's a gain and it's left let's say they put the money in the account in the savings or in the cupboard for example and they leave for the whole year they plan to go holiday or buy something or for their university for example they must pay the khumus for this leftover money in the bank or in the cupboard or the drawers for example they left for a whole year for example they haven't spent it they have to pay the khumus it doesn't matter to be the son or the daughter or the grandson and then get the money from your parents or grandparents you still have to pay the khumus when you meet the due date by the end of the year whatever is left over you pay the khumus whatever you spend you spend it's yours if you spend the money in something you get the aid and the aid you get the idea or the gift from your family and friends on the aid day you spend it that's fine it's yours but if the due date comes and you haven't spent them then you have to take out 20% the khumus one-fifth of the remaining amount I understand I understand in regards to the date of the khumus is it possible to change the date is it possible to delay it just in case I need a bit more time to organise my finances well initially you must ask permission from the merger you follow that if they allow you to change the date to bring it forward or backward that's why you have to ask the merger himself or his representatives to see if they allow and mostly they allow of course you can change by their permission of course أحسن thank you very much شكرا and thank you to all of you for joining us on IHKAM SOS إن شاء الله we'll have more discussion on khums on our next episode until then السلام عليكم رحمة الله وبركاته


It is a wonderful, wonderful local historic treasure. To put it in perspective, the house was completed in 1817. The state of Kentucky was only 25 years old. So 2017 is a very, very important year for the state of Kentucky as well as they celebrate their 225th anniversary. But it just shows the wonderful and rich history of Eastern Kentucky.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we are going to discuss equations of some particular planes. The equation AX plus BY plus CZ plus K is equal to 0 represents a system of planes parallel to the plane AX plus BY plus CZ plus D is equal to 0. So, K being a parameter, let the given plane be AX plus BY plus CZ plus D is equal to 0. Mark the equation as 1. Now again let A1X plus B1Y plus C1Z plus D1 is equal to 0. Mark the equation as 2. Now planes 1 and 2 are parallel if 1 upon A is equal to B1 upon B is equal to C1 upon C is equal to say lambda. Therefore A1 is equal to A lambda, B1 is equal to B lambda, C1 is equal to C lambda. Now substituting the values of A1, B1 and C1 in equation 2 we get A lambda X plus B lambda Y plus C lambda Z plus D1 is equal to 0. All we can also write it as AX plus BY plus CZ plus D1 upon lambda is equal to 0 which can also be written as AX plus BY plus CZ plus K is equal to 0 where K is equal to D1 upon lambda equation of the plane parallel to the given plane plus BY plus CZ plus D is equal to 0 is given by AX plus BY plus CZ plus K is equal to 0. Next we have the equation plus BY plus CZ plus K is equal to 0 represents a system of planes perpendicular to the line with direction ratios. A, B, C the equation A1X plus B1Y plus C1Z plus D1 plus K into A2X plus D2Y plus C2Z plus D2 is equal to 0 represents a system of the planes passing through the line of intersection of the planes 1X plus B1Y plus C1Z plus D1 is equal to 0 and A2X plus B2Y plus C2Z plus D2 is equal to 0. K is being the parameter now we shall discuss equations of the planes parallel to the coordinate planes. The coordinate planes are XY plane, YZ plane and XZ plane. Now X is equal to A represents a plane parallel to the YZ plane at a distance A from it similarly Y is equal to B and Z is equal to C are planes parallel to the XZ plane and XY plane respectively. Now we shall discuss equations of planes perpendicular to the coordinate planes is plus BY plus CZ plus D is equal to 0 is perpendicular to the plane X is equal to 0 then A into 1 plus B into 0 plus C into 0 is equal to 0 that is A is equal to 0. Therefore BY plus CZ plus D is equal to 0 is perpendicular to the plane is equal to 0 similarly AX plus CZ plus D is equal to 0 is perpendicular to the plane Y is equal to 0 AX plus BY plus D is perpendicular to the plane Z is equal to 0. Next we have equations of the planes perpendicular to the coordinate axis. Now any plane perpendicular to X axis is evidently parallel to the YZ plane and its equation is equal to A similarly the equations of the planes perpendicular to the Y axis Y is equal to B and perpendicular to the Z axis is Z is equal to C. Now we shall discuss equations of the planes parallel to the coordinate axis. The equation BY plus CZ plus D is equal to 0 is parallel to the X axis the equation AX plus CZ plus D is equal to 0 is parallel to Y axis and the equation AX plus BY plus D is equal to 0 is parallel to Z axis. Now the two straight lines given by X minus X1 by N1 is equal to Y minus Y1 by M1 is equal to Z minus Z1 by N1 and X minus X2 by L2 is equal to Y minus Y2 by M2 is equal to Z minus Z2 by M2 our co-planar if, if the determinant containing elements X2 minus X1 L1 L2 by 2 minus Y1 M1 M2 Z2 minus Z1 N1 M2 is equal to 0 in general we can write it as the determinant containing elements X minus X1 L1 L2 by minus Y1 M1 M2 Z minus Z1 M1 M2 is equal to 0 and this is the equation of the plane containing both the lines in case the lines are co-planar the condition shows that the point with the coordinates X2, Y2, Z2 lies on the first plane and the point with the coordinates X1, Y1, Z1 lies on the second these two planes are identical and contain both the intersecting lines this completes our session hope you enjoyed this session


Hello and welcome to our video summarizing all you need to know about the transatlantic slave trade. My name is Barbara and in this video we'll examine the history of the transatlantic slave trade, its peak, as well as its decline and ultimately how it was outlawed. This video is useful if you're studying this as part of your history course, so if you find it helpful, we'd love it if you could give a video a thumbs up and share it with others who may also find it useful. So let's get started. Now, if you're thinking about the transatlantic slave trade as a whole, it's really important to bear in mind that it was a segment of the global slave trade that transported between 10 to 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic oceans to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th century. So that's the transatlantic slave trade in a nutshell. It was the second of three stages of the so-called triangular trade in which arms, textiles and wine were shipped from Europe to Africa, slaves from Africa to the Americas, and sugar and coffee for them from the Americas to Europe. The transatlantic slave trade was the largest forced migration in human history and it completely changed Africa, the Americas and Europe. It also became the linchpin of racial hierarchizing and stratification. Now, when it comes to a more detailed history of this slave trade, beginning with its start. Now, the European slave trade really began with Portugal's exploration of the west coast of Africa in search of a sea route to trade to the east. The east had bountiful new resources like spices and silk and the Portuguese were really eager to acquire these goods without the laborious journey by land from Europe to Asia. But the 1480s, Portuguese ships were already transporting Africans for use as slaves on the sugar plantations in Cape Verde and the Madeira Islands on the eastern Atlantic. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle in present-day Ghana on the west coast of Africa. Originally built as a fortified trading post, the castle had mounted cannons facing out to sea, not inland towards continental Africa. The Portuguese had a great affair of a naval attack from other Europeans than of a land attack from Africans. Although the Portuguese originally set the fort, or rather used the fort for trading gold, by the 16th century that shifted the focus to trading enslaved people as a demand for slave labor inflated in the New World. The sharp prize in the demand for slave labor was a result of the growth of sugar plantations in the Caribbean and tobacco plantations in the Cheapscape region in North America. In 1526, they completed the first transatlantic slave voyage to Brazil. Spanish conquistadors took African slaves to the Caribbean after 1502, but Portuguese merchants continued to dominate the transatlantic slave trade for another century and a half, operating from the bases in the Congo and Gola area along the west coast of Africa. Soon, the Spanish, Dutch and English all followed the Portuguese in transporting enslaved people across the Atlantic. Consequently, slave trade became associated with competition for influence among European powers in the New World. Now this is a really interesting map that really charts the slave trade and as you can see the arrows, the green arrows really represent just how many slaves were transported from Africa and into the Americas and as you can see the bulk of them went to Brazil and interestingly enough the French Caribbean also received a bulk of these slaves but of course Northern America as well as the British Caribbean islands also received this share and of course also the Dutch Caribbean. Also do bear in mind that of course in the across the Atlantic Ocean most of the slaves came from the western part of Africa as well as kind of the southern part as you can see from the Angola region but don't forget that also in the Middle East as you can see from the eastern coast of Africa a lot of slaves are also traded into the Arabian islands. Now on the comes this peak of the slave trade, the Dutch became the foremost slave traders during parts of the 1600s and in the following century English and French merchants controlled about half of the transatlantic slave trade taking a large percentage of the human cargo from Western Africa between Senegal and Nigerie rivers. Britain was also heavily involved so until the 1730s London dominated the British trade and enslaved people. It continued to send ships to West Africa until the end of the trade in 1807.  Between 1699 and 1807 Britain and British colonial ports mounted 12,103 slaving voyages with 3,351 setting out directly from London. The first Africans imported to the English colonies were also called indentured servants or apprentices for life. By the middle of the 17th century they and their offspring were legally the property of their owners as property they were merchandise or units of labour and were sold at markets with other goods and services. Indeed they were they were even sold on the stock exchange so there were huge slave plantations that were traded on the London stock exchange and they were seen as really profitable. The largest numbers of slaves were taken to the Americas during the 18th century when according to historians estimates nearly three-fifths of the total volume of the transatlantic slave trade took place. Now when it comes to the impact the transatlantic slave trade database estimates that 12.5 million Africans were sent through the middle passage across the Atlantic to work in the New World. An estimated 10 to 15 percent of the captives died on the way to the Americas and those who did arrive often faced conditions worse than the slave ships. Soon the Atlantic slave trade would contribute to enshrining a racial hierarchy into New World culture. The slave trade had a devastating effect on Africa. The forced removal of up to 25 million people from the continent obviously had a major effect on the global population in Africa or rather the growth of the population of Africa. It's estimated that in the period between 1500 to 1900 the population of Africa remained stagnant or declined in some parts. Economic incentives for warlords and tribes to engage in the slave trade promoted an atmosphere of lawlessness and violence. Depopulation and a continuing fear of captivity made economic and agricultural development almost impossible throughout much of Western Africa. A large percentage of the people were taken captive and there were women in their childbearing years as well as young men who normally would have been starting families. The European slavers usually left behind persons who were elderly, disabled or otherwise dependent, groups who were at least able to contribute to the economic health of the societies were stolen away. The transatlantic slave trade also created conditions for the subsequent colonial conquest of Africa by European powers and the unequal relationship that still exists today between Africa and many of the big world powers. The slave trade is sometimes called the MAFA by African and African-American scholars meaning Holocaust or Great Disaster in Swahili. Some scholars such as Marimba Ani and Maulana Karenga use the terms African Holocaust or Holocaust of enslavement. An important legacy of the slave trade is the continued existence of a body of ideas initially formulated to justify it and which now underpins modern anti-African racism in various forms. Now when it comes to European colonization upon discovering new lands through the naval explorations, European colonizers soon began to migrate to and settle in lands outside the native continent. Off the coast of Africa, European migrants under the directions of the Kingdom of Castile invaded and colonized the Canary Islands during the 15th century where they converted much of the land to production of wine and sugar. Along with this they also captured native Canary Islanders the Gaunchers to use as slaves both in the islands and across the Christian Mediterranean. Using the Canary Islands as a naval base, Europeans at the time primarily Portuguese traders began to move their activities down the western coast of Africa performing raids in which slaves would be captured to be later sold in the Mediterranean. This obviously led to an establishment of a very unequal relationship. Africans were forced into a colonial trade with the more economically developed Europeans exchanging raw materials and human resources such as slaves for manufactured goods. Now also do bear in mind that there was a huge demand for slavery. So firstly one of the conditions that caused this demand was a labor shortage. Created by the desire of European colonists to exploit new world land and resources for capital profits, this labor shortage really fueled the slave trade. Native people were first to utilize the slave labor by Europeans until a large number died from overwork and old world diseases. Alternative sources of labor such as indentured servitude failed to provide a sufficient workforce. Many crops could not be sold for a profit or even grown in Europe. Exporting crops and goods from the new world to Europe often proved to be more profitable than producing them on the European mainland. A vast amount of labor was needed to create and sustain these plantations that required intensive labor to grow, harvest and process prized tropical crops. Western Africa, part of which became known as the slave coast, Angola, nearby kingdoms and later Central Africa became the source for enslaved people to meet the demand for this labor. However of course a lot of people succumbed to diseases such as malaria, smallpox, whooping cough, yellow fever and so on and they were not present in the Americas before 1492. These diseases obliterated large amounts of native populations in the Americas that were not immune to these diseases. The European colonizers and the African slaves brought to the new world however did possess this pathogen due to having been previously exposed to smallpox in Africa. This is known to be a common illness many underwent as children which in turn built up their immunity to withstand this disease. As a result of the of the Native Americans no longer being able to work the lands, as the labor required them to mine gold and silver, European colonizers such as the Portuguese took advantage of their access to regions and the African continent such as Angola from which to extract another source of labor in which Africans had proven to be prime candidates of course this exacerbated the slave trade. There was also a lot of European competition so this trade of enslaved Africans in the Atlantic has its origins in the exploration of Portuguese mariners down the coast of West Africa in the 15th century. The first Europeans to use enslaved Africans in the new world were the Spaniards who sought auxiliaries for the conquest expeditions in laborers on islands such as Cuba. As Britain rose in naval power and settled continental North Africa and some islands of the West Indies they became the leading slave traders and at one stage the trade was the monopoly of the Royal Africa Company operating out of London and also publicly traded on the London stock exchange. Now when it comes to the role of native Africans in the slave trade so Africans also played a direct role in the slave trade and it would be a mistake to just think that those who traded other Africans were only Europeans. Africans were also important or rather some Africans are important in selling captives and prisoners of war who were Africans to European buyers. The prisoners and captives who were sold were usually from neighboring or enemy ethnic groups and these captive slaves were considered by those Africans who sold them others and not part of the people of the ethnic group or tribe that was selling them. African kings held no particular loyalty to them and so had no problem in selling them off to European slavers. Sometimes criminals would also be sold so that they could no longer commit crimes in that area. Most other slaves were obtained from kidnappings or through raids that occurred at gunpoint through joint ventures with the Europeans as well as Africans. Now when it comes to the first and the second Atlantic systems the first Atlantic system was a trade of enslaved Africans to primarily South American colonies of the Portuguese and Spanish empires and it accounted for slightly more than 3% of all the Atlantic slave trade. It started on a significant scale in about 1502 and lasted about to about 1580 when Portugal was temporarily united with Spain. While the Portuguese were directly involved in trading enslaved people the Spanish empire relied on the asiento system awarding merchants mostly from other countries the licensed to trade enslaved people to the colonies. During the first Atlantic system most of these traders or Portuguese given them a near monopoly during the era. Some Dutch English and French traders also participated in the slave trade. After the union Portugal came under Spanish legislation that prohibited it from directly engaging in the slave trade as a carrier. It became a target for the traditional enemies of Spain losing a large share of the trade to the Dutch, English and French. The second Atlantic system was a trade of enslaved Africans mostly by English, Portuguese, French and Dutch traders. The main destination of this phase were the Caribbean colonies and Brazil as European nations built up economically slave dependent colonies in the New World. Now when it comes to triangular trade the first side of the triangle was the export of goods from Europe to Africa. A number of African kings and merchants took part in the trading of enslaved people from 1440 to about 1833. For each captive the African rulers would receive a variety of goods from Europe these included guns ammunition and other factory made goods. The second leg of the triangle exported enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas and the Caribbean islands and the third and final part of the triangle was a return of goods to Europe from the Americas. The goods were the products of slave labor plantations and included cotton, tobacco, molasses and rum. Now of course it's really important to remember that the abolition movement really really started and began and took hold and ultimately led to the end of the slave trade. So as the trade and enslaved people reached to speak in the 1780s more and more people began to voice their concerns about the moral implications of slavery and the brutality of this system. From the beginning the inhuman trade had caused controversy. London was the focus of the abolition campaign being home both to parliament and to the important financial institutions of the city. As early as 1776 the House of Commons debated a motion that the slave trade is contrary to the laws of God and the rights of men. The slave trade finally came to an end due to a variety of factors including the protests of millions of ordinary people in Europe and the United States. Its abolition was also brought about by millions of Africans who continually resisted enslavement and rebelled against slavery in order to be free. Resistance started in Africa continued during the so-called middle passage and broke out again throughout the Americas. The most significant of all these acts of resistance and self-liberation was the revolution in the French colony of Saint Dominique now Haiti in 1791. It remains the only successful slave revolution in history and it led to the creation of the first modern black republic. Haiti's constitution was the first to recognise the human rights of all its citizens irrespective of race. Denmark which had been active in the slave trade was the first country to ban the trade through the legislation in 1792 which took effect in 1803. Britain then banned the slave trade in 1807 imposing stiff fines for any slave found aboard a British ship. The Royal Navy moved to stop other nations from continuing the slave trade and declared that slaving was equal to piracy and was punishable by death. The United States Congress passed the slave trade act of 1794 which prohibited the building or outfitting of ships in the US for using the slave trade. Of course the American Revolution also played a role in the abolition of the slave trade. So at the time of the American Revolution which was between 1775 to 1783 there was widespread support in the northern American colonies for prohibiting the importation of more slaves. The United States Congress passed the slave trade act of 1794 which prohibited the building or outfitting of ships in the US for use in the safe trade. However after the revolution at the insistence of southern states Congress waited for more than two decades before making the importation of slaves illegal. When Congress did so in 1808 the law was enacted with little dissent but Caribbean smugglers frequently violated the law until it was enforced by the northern blockade of the south in 1861 during the American Civil War. So that's all if you found this video useful do give us a thumbs up and subscribe to our channel but also make sure you visit our website which is www.firstrate tutors.com there we feature lots of material which helps in revision as well as model answers exam papers and past papers that you can use to practice. If you found this video useful as we mentioned do give us a thumbs up and thank you so much for your attention.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com. It's got to be a late one, but I appreciate everybody Making breaks happen all day today Here's 2020 Panini Donner's optic football six-box half-case pick your team number nine from a fresh case All-card ship and we'll do that break credit randomizer at the end of the break along with a quick autograph recap if I forget that recap which Which I tend to do Try to remember to put it in a separate video or something like that. If not, I apologize Let's see which side we're gonna do here one two three foot long a choose a die one two three for the left side four five six for the right side and it's two Left side so this side we will save four What is this? This is pick your team nine. So this will be Or the next pick your team that doesn't quite look like PYT, but trust me Pick your team right here This is the last Donner's optic football that we have I think I saw more contenders cases in the back, but this is the last football All right Let's go All right, what do you have for me Robert? Robert's got a bit of a hot take Next season Leonard for net in the backfield for the Chargers What's your I think that's not a bad call. What's your reasoning for that? What is your thought process there? Because Leonard for net a free agent Maybe with Ronald Jones for the Buccaneers don't really necessarily need a Maybe give Austin Eckler a little bit of rest Josh Kelly didn't really work out for the Chargers last year At least this first year, but Josh Kelly could still be a good third string running back But Leonard for net up there Austin Eckler could still be in there for pass-catching downs, right? Maybe it works. Maybe that makes sense Put less pressure on Justin Herbert. You don't want I mean he's good, but Maybe you don't necessarily want a young quarterback throwing like 50 times a game you coaching staff Do they have the money? I Don't know what the Chargers money situation is and they have the cast-based Robert the same be pretty interesting Sean Jaspie is listening. He's a big Chargers fan. I wonder what he thinks about that. I can't wait for a They got 25 to 28 million dollars. Okay. Well the next what what when does the league calendar? reset where all the deals are official, right like the Carson Wendt Steel isn't official until like the March mid-March somewhere so There's actually gonna be I feel like a lot of players being released To to open up cap space. So over the next few weeks. There's gonna be a lot of release news Trades that are squared away. I mean there's gonna be a lot of a lot of crazy things happening I think the T Higgins blew to 179 For the bangles for Sean Jeff Ocuda hollow going to Jarrell in the Lions. There's elite series rookies Joe Burrow Let's try to find a nice rated rookie hollow. That's what we want to see 17th of March. There you go. I'm just talking about Austin Echler Denzel Mims to 199 CD lamb rated rookie Tom Brady Super Bowl champ Buccaneers Capola with that one CD lamb rated rookie for Chris and the Cowboys Denzel Mims Jets that'll be for Capola as well Jalen Hertz nice Jalen Hertz what 22 out of 29 Aqua Eagles Matthew Shearer. So I guess without Carson Wentz For now, this is QB1 Although I've heard rumblings that they may try to They might draft a quarterback or bring someone in for Because they think that Jalen Hertz needs to marinate a little bit more They might be a little bit of quarterback competition It's possible. There's the Fonte Adams to 299 and we got a Derek card 25 nice. That looks pretty sharp that goes to John and my Raiders Right TV deal getting giving just over 5 million more cast base and Helps a little bit too Yeah, yeah, I did hear that well Yes, and no I think Robert I want to say that the cap was close to 200 million Like two or three years ago So it went backwards To 170 something and then cap went back up to 180 something but still below what the cap was a few years ago But I mean That's kind of splitting hairs. I think and a film is doing just fine There's Jonathan Taylor Colts autograph Kurt Derek Henry to 35 two other rookies And that's box one There that Derek herring lime green goes to Sean Maddock as well All right next box NFL is is king Pandemic ratings are kind of kind of weird. I don't think I think it'll be I don't think it'll be until many years after where we'll really kind of unpack the impact of cord cutting of Broadcasts of COVID of how much it's not being able to go to live sports affects watching of live sports or there's so much content now Everyone was everyone was talking about how the NBA ratings were down But then but then they were playing in the middle of the summer in a weird situation Competing against sports. They normally don't compete against Ratings are back up for for the NBA. Yeah, this pack is gonna be the one that has like the gold vinyl inside, right? Yeah, me too the dish on it'll be so bummed Robert and I'm a I have no dog in the fight, right the the the The Dishon Watson thing. I don't think I don't these going to my Raiders I don't think the raiders are even aren't they don't have the money. They don't have the the assets And I think their offense was actually okay, you know It was actually the okay spot their defense. I was horrible So unless Dishon Watson can play you know can rush the passer effectively So I have no dog in the fight, but I want to see something happen, you know, and it would be it'd be good to see Dishon Watson you know Kind of maybe better be in a better situation Unfortunately, that's just not happening in Houston. So if you're Houston tear off the band-aid move Dishon Watson Let's see if Dishon Watson Can get into a better spot? Broncos maybe someone mentioned that earlier today. It's Kenneth Murray to 299 JJ Watt Someone said someone looked at Vegas odds and someone said that the Browns were actually in the lead for JJ Watt Which I thought was interesting. It was Terry McLaurin and Justin Jefferson One of the two great Justin rookies from last year. There's Edelman To 125 Terry McLaurin for Mark and Justin Jefferson rated rookie for Steve Locke, you know, I I That Miami, I mean, I feel like Tua should deserve a couple years or so, but But that's in a that's in a market where there's Tyler Boyd to 25 this these black parallels look really cool But that's that's in a in a market where Dishon Watson isn't available But if Dishon Watson's available And look how good now Joe Barrow rated rookie look how good the Dolphins looked With that sort of Tua Ryan Fitzpatrick sort of thing and their defense is excellent you know, so Miami might be one of those and the Niners, I think might be one of those few teams where they're a Quarterback away. There's 23 out of 25 nice Jordan Love autograph Packers Sean Maddock But yet Niners Exactly Watson is now. So in a market where Watson is available. Yeah teams like teams who perceive themselves as a QBOA Like the Niners and even even the Dolphins, you know, now that the BigBat Patriots are pretty much They just have the battle of the bills now. Can you imagine? Twice a year seeing Dishon Watson and Josh Allen playing against each other. Oh it would TV would love that How long has it been since since Buffalo, Miami was like a marquee matchup like a late game Sunday night Monday night Thursday night My aunt Buffalo Miami a few years ago that game is like buried That game is buried That's not getting a prime time matchup Ricky Masetti saying 1991 was probably early 90s was probably the last time was the last time Buffalo Miami Got people fired up 30 years ago says Robert. Yeah. Oh Man now I want now I want I guess Dishon Watson and the Niners would be cool, too Russell Wilson versus Versus Dishon Watson Kyler Murray versus Dishon Watson. I mean that's that's fun, too But yeah, but but Buffalo and Miami would if Miami got to Sean Watson They would definitely be competing for the division every year for the next X amount of years so a couple Quarterbacks like Josh Allen and I mean, they're not they're not their age gap is not too different, right? Dishon Watson is 2017 Josh Allen 2018 2019 It's not that much difference. So they're there you can still concern the two young quarterbacks To see them in the next for the next 10 years Battling each other twice a year be pretty exciting. It's a lot a lot of prime time games for that Right and Miami Robert was saying earlier Miami's like right the environment that he's looking for organization-wise within the team right the head coaching staff the GM's and everything and and yeah, I mean You know, which which is just something that I think would be a big deal for Dishon Watson Right and trading back use. That's true. Right trading back Houston picked to Lamar Jackson hollow right here And then AJ Dillon rated rookie hollow For the Packers Sean is is there any is there actually any smoke to this fire? Like are they Is this are we just at speculation level on this Robert sounds like you're a Dolphins fan, right? Is this just speculation? Talking heads just just connecting dots or is there actual are there actually phone calls going back and forth? I mean, I guess we don't We don't know until someone reports that but There's Jonathan Taylor for the blue horseshoes to 299 and here's to him. We're talking about him his ears are burning John DeNene with the Dolphins. Oh from downtown This Jerry Rice Gotcha.  Gotcha players fan. There's Jerry, right? This is what downtown San Francisco. It looks like There's just bars of gold laying around bats and signed semi-abandoned mines Right an old prospector right here old old prospector Gus Chiggins peaches That goes to the Niners David Rodriguez going downtown Levee on Bell lime green little color match there Vegas trying to crawl back here It's all speculation right now right and guys. Yeah, Houston's like now. We're not doing it Oh and a Patrick Mahomes to 299 Patty Mahomes going to Matt Lieber and the Chiefs and a Joe Burrow autograph Joey B Shawn Matic wake up since Natty bangles Joe Burrow rated rookie autograph blue 43 out of 75 get well soon Joey B Get well soon a lot of times. He's a redemption. So I guess he signed some cards There's Logan Wilson pink velocity Jason Huntley to 125 and Michael Pittman, Jr. Jason only to 125 Logan Wilson pink velocity also for Shawn to 79 there. He is there Shawn. Wow. He says I Guess I'm so used to seeing him as a redemption Shawn that I guess I wasn't I Definitely was not expecting I was I was expecting to flip this around and be like like one of the the inserts that they flip around So that's that caught me off guard right on the card to all right. We're halfway through this half-case break We've got about another 15 minutes to go. I'm kind of cruising fine for this I'm going a little bit more quickly than I usually would Towards the end of my my evening end of my week. So Sorry already got late really fast Yeah, Shawn was caught off guard as well. You're welcome. Yeah, usually I'm looking for redemptions for Joe Burrow Maybe he signed maybe his base autographs Could be redemptions. Maybe he signed parallels. That's possible. It's not that that happens frequently in the hobby Or someone will get like The parallels sent in but then they don't do the base. I imagine it's a big stack of cards You know, you know, the hobby has arrived When someday we're gonna I feel like we're gonna see this someday That someday there is gonna be This sounds like a baseball player injury to where like a baseball player has like a strained thumb and the reason will be Because he was autographing cards for like a pinning ear top set or something like that We're gonna see that someday. That's when you know the hobby has arrived truly arrived It'll be pretty funny Lynn Bowden, Jr. 52 out of 79 pink velocity Xavier McKinney for the Giants 12 out of 25 Nice black parallel and autograph for the Giants Taylor with the New York football Giants Xavier McKinney questionable today with a strained thumb. Apparently he was signing too many trading cards Harrison Bryant to 179 for the Browns Cleveland, this is for you Jalen Régor rated rookie hollow for the Fly Eagles Fly Matthew Shearer Devonasi assi to 299 Patriots Karen Jordan Love base rated rookie for the Packers shot There's Chase Claypool nice to 125 Rated rookie his emergence. I think Well, I will probably convince The Steelers to not re-sign juju Smith Schuster. So where does juju go? What are they gonna do with big Ben? There's Russell Wilson to 299. It's for Seattle. They'll be for Chris Do they restructure Ben or do they do something more drastic? Tyler Boyd to 179 Another bangle Two more to go. We know what the bangles need to do. It's just first first five picks offensive line Creates offensive line trades offensive line Protect Joe Burrow Mmm, that's interesting mark David juju Smith Schuster goes to the Eagles. They need to receive I think they released to Sean Jackson, right? I love to Sean Jackson, but But I think Injuries kind of caught up with him. I don't think he was barely on the field But would love to give Jalen hurt some weapons, right? Now they got a and I'm sure the new coaching staff will they'll use they'll use miles Sanders They'll deploy him better. I hope So you can get that still got Zach Erz Do you do Smith Schuster? That could be very interesting. That's not a bad play Big Ben needs to retire and let Pittsburgh rebuild Yeah Like Eagles offensive line is still okay. You know, I mean maybe I mean every team could just kind of tweak the offensive line get some depth here and there and blah blah blah blah You know and Just had just had an inordinate amount of injuries For the for the Eagles on an offensive line.  That's still a better offensive line That that had when sacked like dozens and dozens of times so and hearts can move a little bit better, too So with that some juju Smith Schuster Some miles Sanders some Zach Erz safety valve, right? You know Zach Rick still could be key playmaker, too Still be a number one Gives a juju Smith Schuster more room to operate because Zach Erz is still a threat. I'm seeing it all add up There's a Michael P. Ryan red to 99 and then maybe then there's Ross Blacklock for the Texans Coppola with that one And if they find like a second third-round receiver that they just kind of develop There's could be interesting David Montgomery to 199 I was surprised though at just how quickly the relationship between Wentz and and Peters Doug Peterson and the Eagle like how that whole relationship for all three Just disintegrated just just so quickly. There he is right here That's a little bit of a surprise me. There's George Kittle, you know, but it got to a point where Just maybe everyone just needed a change of scenery the one South quick Yeah, I We got a lot of Eagles fans here So we end up talking a lot of Eagles football here Jason Jaspie Nick Jaspie his dad bus man all Big Eagles fans So they get talked about a lot here at the shop It's brand and I have to 199 But you got to admit that the Eagles front office just kind of They did chip Kelly and then that kind of went South quick. I Think they kind of just got lightning in a bottle with With Frank Reich and Doug Peterson and they lucked out with Nick foals just being a stud in the playoffs and in the Super Bowl you know so maybe there was a little bit of a Maybe because of the Super Bowl there was like a leash a longer leash and I've no one really thought Like really the the bigger problems may be Some front office Like the front office has to kind of look at themselves to I think right because you chip Kelly didn't work out Right next one Doug Peterson. You got a Super Bowl, but You know But I think that just kind of paper over the what the real problems were so Front office really needs to make sure whoever who's a new coach again kind of some kind of Not a huge sexy name. I think but but you got to hope that this coach can kind of stick around for like five to seven seasons, you know, wouldn't that be nice instead of Maybe catching lightning in a bottle and then looking great in the playoffs and then another like Five years of just agony and then keep a little more consistency in that Philadelphia organization. Let this coach, you know Let's develop some players Let this coach marinate a little bit. Let's keep those expectations in check Who is the guy? Keep frigging the guy that that would that like And that this team is gonna go to the Super Bowl when the Super Bowl Last box. I think that's what the Eagles need. They may maybe want to with this coaching hire Let's like let's keep You know, and if they don't like Jalen Hertz within a year or two like just rip the band-aid like just Give put the coach in the best position to succeed Even if it takes a few years, maybe even if it means stepping a couple steps back if you know you can take Three or four steps forward chip Kelly's at UCLA now I mean, I know UCLA is not exactly a football powerhouse, but I Think it's a good spot for chip Kelly because basically UCLA is just saying because chip Kelly really does need to I Think have he's good in a college program where he can be a little underrated He can do some goofy things like, you know, some non-conventional things There's Aaron Donald and then develop a program like he did in Oregon, right? but he needs like some years to To get that players that he wants on and so forth, which was something that didn't really work out in his head coaching other head coaching positions Whether he wasn't effective quickly enough or maybe the ownership front office lost patience or whatever the case may be But I think he's in a good spot at UCLA. They've had some interesting games. I think he can build a pretty competitive program He's kind of under the radar UCLA doesn't care that much about football. I mean they do but You know, it's more of a basketball school boy Tom Brady is Anthony McFarlane to 25 Cole McDonald had a farm. That's our last autograph EIE. Oh Sean Maddock with the Titans unless there's a bonus autograph hiding in there All right, we'll fuller to 125 Josh Allen there he is to 299 for Buffalo Jake from his backup and There you have it Chris with the bills has the Jake from Apollo the Josh Allen blue and the will fuller as Well, and there you go boys and girls Pretty nice break. Let's give away some money And then in a separate video will give away even more money if you bought at least two teams You'll have an entry. So basically if you bought an even number of teams You'll get one half of that will be an entry for break credit So Chris you bought five but four really count for the purposes of the promo. So there is two. All right, Mark Thanks for hanging out with me, man. Have a great night, too Coppola you have six. So that's three entries Karen to that's an entry mark to that's an entry Miguel to that's an entry Sean with five four count for the purpose of the promo still two entries See you and Taylor with an entry. So let's see if All right, so there's 11 People right here and how much break credit are we giving away top five? So almost half top five wins 50 bucks each That's not bad Top five after seven. Good luck one Two three Four and seven the final time after seven. It's Chris to Coppola's Miguel and another Coppola three break credit Codes for I couple I'll send them all in one Chris and Miguel you'll get break credit as well And there you have it ladies and gentlemen 50 bucks each. I'm Joe for Jasper's case breaks calm. Thanks for watching Thanks for getting into the action and I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye. Bye


Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey. Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey. Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey. Hey. Next time. Hey, hey, hey. Okay, one tail, come on. First cut was fine. I just, I need you to, if you, if we could just show them how the extra few steps that you could come at the last minute will help clear the cows and it'll help these guys from turning back. You're just like, as a judge, I'm like, keep coming, keep coming, keep coming, okay? So keep coming on your cuts.  But that's the best run we've seen so far about controlling your cow and no penalties. Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey. Good. There you go. All the way, all the way. All right.  Yep, there a little bit. Hey, 28. So on your first cut was great, right? Real good. Your first cut was real good.  The only thing I'll say is like, just from knowing you from the two days, your body structure was so much better. I mean, I wouldn't know that if I hadn't watched you two days. But going to that side, your horse just wants to be like that a little bit. Everything else was fine in there. Like everything else was fine. But no, no wow factors. You know what I'm saying to mark that three to 75? We got to go stop. You have plenty of talent riding, but don't worry about the go. Worry about the stop. You got enough go. So the only thing I'd add to that, on your first cow going that way one time, you didn't send her with that cow side leg to go stop the cow. So you got over there at that end and kind of ran up on top of the cow. You did it once on the last cow too, but on the second cow one time you took that cow side leg and sent her over and stopped it and your horse stopped straight. Okay? So like, when that cow goes send it on over there to stop that cow. And the one time you did it, your horse ran over and stopped straight and came out with the cow. The times you didn't do it, your horse went over and kind of dribbled up into a cow.


Sometimes I just can't help but poke the bear and rile up some people, so I figure why not do a part 2 of the most overhyped and most underhyped Super Nintendo games. Once again, I should explain, by overhyped I do not mean bad. I just mean a game that either may not be as good as it appears on paper, may not be nearly as good as you may remember it to be, or maybe there are similarly themed games that are simply better. Of course, by underhyped I just mean games that should be held in a little higher regard, but aren't for whatever reason. To start out with overhyped, I'm coming out guns blazing with Illusion of Gaia. Again, no, I do not think this is a bad game. In fact, a couple of the dungeons are really cleverly designed, and the game absolutely has a lot of strong qualities, especially the music. But as an entire package, I don't think it's as good as a lot of other top-down adventure style games, that's mostly because the story keeps getting in the way. Normally that'd be fine and all, but there are these long, unskippable cutscenes that interrupt every so often, and the story is so strange and so out there that I have a really hard time caring about what happens. So now, of course, having said that, there will be three dozen comments explaining the story of Illusion of Gaia to me. Look, I get the story, and if you like it, that's totally fine. My point is, why are you playing a top-down action-adventure game like Illusion of Gaia? To explore the sky garden, to figure my way around Mu, and to fight huge bosses, I don't play it to sit through these cutscenes that barely make sense. And that brings me to Soul Blazer, a much more streamlined game that has aged really well, because it has a pickup-and-play style quality, with easy access save points. This is a no-frills hack-and-slash style game, and yet has its share of story elements too, but it's more gameplay-focused, and I just don't hear this game talked about in the same light as something like Illusion of Gaia for whatever reason, and I think it's aged much better, and I'd much rather play Soul Blazer, or Terranigma for that matter, rather than Illusion of Gaia today. Moving on, back to Overhyped, the Mortal Kombat series definitely falls into that category. These games serve their purpose back in their time, I suppose, since fighting like this had never been done before to this extent. Also, the rotoscoped characters were definitely a revelation back then, but these games have aged really poorly, movement is very stiff, and just about every character might as well have been the exact same guy, since everybody had the same size, speed, and range of motion, the same punches and kicks, the same uppercuts. It wasn't until the third game, when there was finally a little bit of variety in that regard, but yeah, not only did the games play poorly, but the single-player campaigns, especially in Mortal Kombat 2, are freaking impossible. You win the first few fights, and you practically hit a brick wall in terms of difficulty.  In my opinion, you'd be much better served playing something like Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Fighting Edition, it's easy to ignore this game at first glance because it's licensed off the TV show, but it's a surprisingly fast and polished fighter that's a really fun playthrough, featuring 8 characters in versus mode, with lots of special moves that all look fantastic. This game also serves as kind of a makeshift prototype for an even better game, as developer Natsume went out to make Gundam Wing Endless Duel, which was exclusive to Japan. That's another game well worth looking into, and has aged much better than something like Mortal Kombat. Next, for Overhyped, there's Ninja Gaiden Trilogy. This game sounds like a cool idea, it's all three NES Ninja Gaiden games on one cartridge. Well, damn, that must be why it's worth almost $200 on eBay, right? Unlike Mario All-Stars, however, these three ports just don't click. One major problem is that they left jump and attack as A and B, and you can't change it. That may work on an NES controller, but it feels clumsy on an SNES controller, where you'd rather use Y and B, it feels much more natural. Also, the visuals and sound just seem garbled and half-assed. You're so much better off playing the original games on NES where they have a better look, feel, and sound. If you want a Ninja-style action platformer on the SNES, then check out Runsaver, a two-player co-op game that doesn't get the praise it deserves. It's one flaw is that it's really short, it's only five levels, but this game almost has a Contra 3 vibe going for it. Some of the bosses are just spectacular-looking, and I really like the huge level layout. Did I mention this game is two-player co-op? There's your reason to go play this right there. Runsaver is totally worth playing, and playing a lot. Last, let's dip into the Japan-only Super Famicom catalog with Bahamut Lagoon. In the early days of emulation, this game was seen as a pretty big deal since it was one of the first to receive an English patch back in the early 2000s. I remember being so intimidated by the fact that there were these huge games I'd never even heard of and hadn't had a chance to play yet, so when I first played Bahamut Lagoon way back when, I was really impressed. And don't get me wrong, this is a very good strategy, RPG, with a detailed battle system with maps that emphasize movement and terrain. The only flaw with Bahamut Lagoon might be the story, which gets a little incoherent at times. It's a boilerplate Empire vs. Resistance role-playing game story, but beyond that, it's a little tough to follow what's going on. The point is, if you're looking for a 16-bit strategy game, you shouldn't rest on the laurels of something like Bahamut Lagoon when there's better stuff out there. Like Tactics Ogre, Let Us Cling Together, man, oh man, this game is awesome, and it should be considered one of the very best games to never leave Japan. There's Knights, Mages, Dragon Trainers, Ninjas, you can recruit monsters, you control up to 10 allies at once, and it takes the environments and maps to a whole new level, to the point that each spell a character cast will differ based on where the battle is taking place. This game is nuts with the kind of detail it offers, but maybe its best feature, however, is that it hits a perfect balance between story and gameplay. It sets a nice pace, so you're not too overwhelmed with battle details, and you're not too bored by the long dialogue scenes. It moves right along very nicely. Really, I'm just using this space here to tell you, if you're into strategy RPGs and you haven't played Tactics Ogre, you gotta go check it out. It is awesome. Anyway, that's all I got for now. Thanks for watching. Have a great rest of your day.


The form here that is the purchase order requesting the inventory, but something that we have not yet paid for, therefore there's nothing actually recorded yet on the financial statements until we actually receive the inventory. So that's kind of an internal type of form. The open purchase order detail, so similar kind of thing by giving us more detail, purchase by product detail report. So this is the other one that I'm going to go into in a little bit more detail, so we'll talk about that later. These two are the main ones that are similar to the income accounts that we looked at, income being broken out by customer or product. Now we're looking at the expenses broken out by the vendor or product. And then we've got the purchase by vendor detail report. Similar, I'll take a look at that in a second, transaction list by vendor. Let's open that one up. And so now we have our transactions by vendor. You would think that the things that we dealt with vendors for where we made purchases or recorded expenses by vendor. That's why it would be in the kind of expenses area. Let's do a custom range. 1, 2, 3, 12, 31, 2, 3, run it. So there is, and so we have each of our vendors and the detail for each of those vendors. So that's good. However, if we're looking at the detail for each vendor, it might be easier to do this from an internal standpoint by going to the vendor center on the left-hand side and searching possibly by vendor in that way and looking at the activity within the vendor center. Okay, I'm going to close this one up. I'm going to close this one up. I'm going to close this one up and then get to the main ones that I'm thinking to look into here. That's going to be the expenses by vendor summary. I'll right click and open that. And then the purchase by product service detail. So I'm going to right click and open that and then the purchase by vendor detail. Let's open that one up and let's take a look at those. So I'm going to go to the tab that we opened up, close up the hamburger and change the range date range. Let's put it a custom range, bringing it back to 010123 tab, 123123 tab. So now we've got the purchase, the expenses that we have by vendor. So if I go back to the income statement, you'll recall when we looked at the income line, we said, hey, you don't want too many income lines because you want to record just what it is that you're selling as a general category, not who you're selling it to by customer and not what you're actually selling by product. Why? Because then you can have sub reports that will allow you to tie in that more detail, meaning income by customer and income by product. Similar thing on this expense item down here. The cost of goods sold is kind of a special area because that deals with the selling of inventory that we can track more specifically with inventory, the flow of inventory reports. But the expenses down here, we have a similar kind of thing as with the income. If we have the expenses, you'll notice are being reported not by who we sold it to. We're not recording expenses that says Edison expense because it's the Edison company utility company. Instead, we're putting it under utility or electric expense. We're putting it under the thing that we bought, not who we bought it from. So that's sometimes people have a tendency to want to enter things into the system here as expenses by vendor. And that makes sense to some degree because if you look at the way most people enter on a small business, you might be using bank feeds. So if you go to the bank feeds over here and you're entering your expenses that way, then the data that comes in through the bank feeds is usually going to be in the memo section if it was an electronic transfer. And the memo is going to give you who you paid. So that means we're not going to have an account yet unless you've set up an account and basically memorize the transaction to go to that account. So you might be tempted then to say, I'm just going to make an expense account called like Hicks Hardware, Hicks Hardware Expense. Well, that's not really what you want to do. You want to put it into supplies or whatever you actually purchased. So that's the general concept here with the expense forms. Now, most of the categories, we kind of have an idea of what they are because they're somewhat standardized like utilities expense or the telephone expense or automobile expense or something like that. But sometimes it can be a little bit more abstract and unique to a particular business as to what the expense is. But we still want to generally record them by what we purchased. And then we can have a sub report that gives us the more detail about who we purchased it from. Note, it's a little bit different also from the income in that with the income line items, we would expect not to have too many income accounts because we specialize in the thing that we do. Whereas in the expense accounts, even though we're recording by the thing that we purchased, we're still going to have a whole lot of expense accounts because we're not specializing in everything else, right? Everything else we need to run the business. We're purchasing from someone else, right? We're not doing it ourselves. We're purchasing everything else. And then we're doing what we do well, and that's what we're doing to generate the income. So there's going to be a lot of expense categories. When I look at the expenses by vendors, it's actually a smaller list or possibly the same size as the list of expenses, right? That's kind of normal on the expense side. Whereas on the income side, you would expect the expenses or the income by customer to be much longer than the list of types of income accounts on the income statement. So in any case, this of course, then we have our expenses that would be by customer, the total at the 8198.59. You would think would tie out to the total down here. So if I minimize these ones, I'm going to say that the expenses here are at the 5203.31. Plus, we have these expenses.


A one quick word, I guess, before we leave this, and this is looking really specifically at the effects of temperature. Now we're going to look at temperature in a little bit more detail in future videos because temperature is a very important factor when we're looking at equilibrium systems. This distribution that you can see on the slide here is called the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. And you can see that there's a point where we always talk about the average kinetic energy of the particles. And whether or not the average kinetic energy of the particles will be greater than the energy of activation. That is the energy that's needed for the particles to react. In any given system, we have a certain value that represents the activation energy. The energy above which particles that collide will react to form the product, or if their products will react to form the reactants. But how do we change this value? Well, there are two ways that we can change this value. The first we already know about is the use of a catalyst. What the use of a catalyst does is it basically just brings down the amount of activation energy. What it does is, if I just sort of artificially just drop this to a certain point and say this is the new energy of activation without doing anything else, what I now have is a much larger group of particles that have sufficient energy in order for them to react. And therefore they will react, and that's the advantage of adding the catalyst. An alternative to this is to increase the temperature. Now changing the temperature doesn't just shift the whole graph forward if you like. What it does is it changes its shape somewhat as well. So there will still be a slight skew on this graph. I've kind of drawn it a little bit too symmetrical. But what you will notice is the peak has certainly shifted forward. That increase in temperature changes not only the average kinetic energy of the particles, it also changes the shape of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. And that means you have a much larger number of particles with sufficient energy in order for them, even if that activation energy is the same, that we now have a much larger number of particles that are now able to react because they have sufficient energy to overcome the energy of activation.


Aaron, what was Kukuchi able to do to you guys tonight? Well, everything. I mean, was able to change speeds on his fastball. You know, he could dial it up there in the 90s at times. Looks like he cut the ball, pulled the string in, out, pitched really well, and really shut us down. I mean, we didn't make much hard contact against him. He was in command from the get-go, and obviously they got out to a lead, and we just couldn't mount much against him, you know, threw a couple hits out there finally.  What did you see from the wise guy? Just again, you know, a lot of pitches that struggle to put away guys in certain situations.  And then, you know, then he starts to fatigue a little bit from just a little off on the stuff and then command a little bit as it, you know, especially having a long first inning there, just kind of snowballed from there.  Dan, how is Urshala? I think, okay, I haven't seen him yet, but they took X-rays just to be safe, and they were negative, and it seems like a bruise, so we'll just kind of monitor that overnight. And with Dan Duhar, I know he asked you about him before the game, how do you make sure that he doesn't let this get into his head, just kind of getting off to a rough start since he's been back?  So he'll work his way through it, and it'll be fun when he does. Who else, Brian? Aaron, the TV cameras pretty clearly showed a substance under Kukuchi's cap. Were you aware of that, and do you care? I was aware of it very late. I heard they were talking about it, so I was made aware of it sometime like in the eighth inning there, so I'll take a look at it and we'll kind of see what we make of it.


Angelina Jolie has long been gracing our screens with her beauty and Oscar worthy roles. Although she's a prominent actress in Hollywood, she's also well known for her humanitarian efforts. Considering this and the fact that three of her six children were adopted internationally, Los Angeles isn't the only place she calls home. We'll take a look at Angelina's home base in Los Feliz, her getaway in Cambodia and more. We even found some of the listings. Angelina Jolie is an actress, filmmaker and humanitarian. She's received numerous awards and accolades over her career including an Academy Award and three Golden Globes. In addition to being an actress, she's noted for her humanitarian efforts, even receiving awards for this side of her work. Angelina is passionate about many causes from conservation to education to women's rights and is most noted for her advocacy on behalf of refugees. As I mentioned, three of Angelina's six children were internationally adopted and of course she spends a lot of her time traveling too, but maybe a little less right now because of the pandemic. Although it was recently said she was uprooting the family to Africa, that's proven to have been a rumor. I don't think Mr. Pitt would have been too fond of that. Cited as Hollywood's highest paid actress multiple times, Angelina has an estimated net worth of about $160 million at the moment, affording her the most beautiful of homes. Hey guys it's Kara and today we're doing another house tour here on Famous Entertainment. You guys have been requesting this one so we'll be looking at where Angelina and Jolie calls home, like her current estate in Los Angeles, her getaway in Cambodia and more. If you like these videos make sure you're subscribed and ring that bell to be notified when we post so you can always be up to date. We've all done house tours and likes of Mary Cate, Ashley Olsen and Megan Fox and we'll link to some at the end. Follow me on Instagram to chat and as usual let me know who's house tour is next in those comments down below. Now let's get into this video. Before we jump into where Angelina is currently living, let's take a look at an iconic place she lived while she was still with Brad, Chateau Miroval. This one is worth a look because I totally remember the couple living here and it's phenomenal to say the least. Considering Angelina and Brad were the most famous couple in the world at one point, they had to go above and beyond when purchasing real estate, especially to house their large family. The Chateau Miroval seemed up to their standards, which is essentially a castle and vineyard in the south of France. Talk about lavish. The spectacular property lies in the village of Corins, France and Angelina and Brad scouted the land via helicopter in 2008, leasing it for 3 years before finalizing the purchase. By 2001, the duo reportedly spent 67 million to buy the Chateau. The property boasts 35 rooms in an estate situated on an ancient Roman road. This 17th century estate is straight out of a fairy tale with olive groves, fountains, a private lake, a helicopter pad and a moat. Well I don't think there were helicopter pads in medieval ages, but I'll say a modern fairy tale. Angelina's previous French castle sat on 1200 acres of land apparently and hosted an award winning vineyard where their own wine is produced, Chateau Miroval Rosé. What's more is Angelina and Brad married in the property's travel back in 2014. Maybe that's one reason why they wanted to unload this place. Despite the beauty of Chateau Miroval, it may have been too good to be true. It became a major point of conflict for Angelina and Brad once they split up, going back and forth in court deciding what to do with it. Angelina wanted to keep the estate because it was allegedly her idea to purchase it, but Brad wasn't letting it go that easily. By the end of 2019, the former flame still co-owned Chateau Miroval and continued to produce a lot of wines. So who knows what's going on. When it came time for Angelina to start fresh and move into a new home post divorce, of course she found a luxurious estate for her and the family that just screams old Hollywood charm. If you've ever heard this saying, Mr. DeMille I'm ready for my close up, you may know that Cecile DeMille was one of the most iconic filmmakers in the early days of Hollywood. And Angelina's mansion, well it used to belong to him. It's only fitting that Angelina, one of the most affluent A-list actresses, would jump at the chance to purchase the Cecile DeMille estate in Los Feliz, regardless of the record-breaking price at $24.5 million. We hear the historic home as Angelina's main residence, and in the neighborhood of Los Feliz she's surrounded by neighbors like Natalie Portman, Kristen Bell, and more. Angelina's mansion was built in 1913 and most of the estate recently went through a thorough restoration, taking six years to complete. In total, there's about 11,000 square feet of living space divided between more than one structure as well as six beds and ten baths. It's really just as massive as you'd imagine. The home sits on 2.1 acres of land in the gated and private lawland park community, offering breathtaking views of both the city and the ocean. Angelina's main house on the property spends 7,500 square feet and apparently it underwent the largest revamp. Although the original style of the house was kept intact, every modern amenity you could think of was added. Delicate molding, arched French doors, and other touches all play a role in keeping the old Hollywood vibe alive here. The architecture and detailed designs are a theme throughout Angelina's home. The main residence is an Italian revival villa and walking in the grand foyer has a spiral staircase, double height ceiling, and dark hardwood floors. Other common areas here include a step-down living room with fireplace and a mahogany paneled formal dining room with another fireplace. In total, four fireplaces can be found throughout the estate. Other areas for Angelina to hang out with the kids include a spacious library with high ceilings and built-in bookcases, a family room, and an adjoining office or study. Her updated kitchen offers another casual dining area set against arch windows. Upstairs you'll find the bedrooms and several bathrooms which have kept the original art deco style of the property as well. We can see Angelina's master suite here holds another one of the gorgeous fireplaces. In addition to the main home, there's a separate pool house on the property with state-of-the-art gym as well as a tea house and a self-contained guest house. If you're interested in the history, D'Amil added on the main structure gradually back in the day. The second smaller home he added to the property was even once occupied by Charlie Chaplin. The grounds of Angelina's family mansion offer rose gardens, manicured lawns, and mature trees which the tea house overlooks. There's also a swimming pool with classic arched fountains on either side and elsewhere a gated motor court and detached garage. Apart from Angelina's gorgeous estate in Los Feliz, Angelina also owns property in the jungle of Cambodia. It's here in Cambodia? It's more personal to me, it's more intimate, it's more alive, there's more freedom. Which has actually caused quite a bit of controversy. Apparently the actress purchased the land from a war criminal but hasn't commented on this. Although we haven't seen much of Angelina's secret hideaway, it's said she bought an 18.5 acre plot of land in Cambodia back in 2002 from a commander charged in 2015 with mass murder. The notorious commander is said to be responsible for the deaths of 600,000 people about 40 years ago. But reports say he received 35K from Angelina to vacate the huge patch of land. Angelina and her children often spend holidays at this jungle oasis and it doubles as a compound for her charity, MJP Foundation. Since the initial land purchase, the actress has added onto the property, building a getaway home and a forestry base for her charity. Villagers have claimed she's planning an eco-resort on the once heavily landmine site. Despite the dark past of this land, Angelina has created a beautiful home here, has been working for almost two decades to help conserve the environment and support local communities. Although we haven't seen much of her house and details are kept private, she shot a perfume commercial here in summer 2019. The behind the scenes video shows some of Angelina's property, including the traditional Cambodian longhouse and tropical surroundings. So now we've taken a look at Angelina Jolie's homes, including her previous Chateau-Miravelle in France, her current home in Los Feliz, and what we know about her Cambodian property. After looking at her places, what did you think? I really think her main estate in Los Angeles is gorgeous and suits her perfectly with its history and old Hollywood charm. I've got to say that this one is my fave and Angelina has owned some really nice houses over the years too. Anyways, be sure to let me know down in the comments as well as whose house tour should be up next. Follow me on Instagram if you want to chat. Be sure to like, hit subscribe, and I'll see you all in the next video. Bye!


This week, we're back into very high fire danger ratings for Tuesday and Wednesday across the northern and central parts of Victoria, which tells us that you can still have a fire that runs, but obviously the chance of suppression is a lot higher, which means that obviously fires are not as intense. But the Bureau also indicated we'll see a shower of rain in the Gippsland or East Gippsland corner later in the week, so that'll be interesting to see. It's mild conditions all week, so we don't expect to see anything of significance. However, it's really important this week to focus on returning to school and for those parents that have got children for the first time going to a school or to a new school, or even back to school to refresh what happens in the school environment if a fire was to occur. So we've still got to get focused on February. The hot weather will come back and it'll just be a matter of how significant that weather is during those weeks. But it's certainly the time to think about schools. And when we say schools, think about buses or public transport or how people are leaving school, particularly in the afternoon, because that's the critical time of when fires are more active and we all know what can happen. So in summary, I think it's really important to connect to the teacher, connect to the principal, talk about what happens, get yourself a tuner that's back into normal life and schools are part of it and kids are back in school. So they're school buses, public transport and obviously going home either by themselves or with parents. So that's the key thing. You have to do that. We can't do it for you, but certainly focus on what it means about schools this week and on the next coming weeks. So thank you.


So I'm probably, seems like maybe the only person here who doesn't draw and so there's no slides here, you're just going to have to look at me. And so one of the things about Zine Fest is of course it's all about being super commercial and selling a lot of zines. So this is my short piece, it's called the buy my zine rant and this is all the reasons why you need to buy my zine. You need to buy my zine. Here's why. First off, if you're one of those people who doesn't own any zines, you need to buy my zines so that people don't think you're illiterate.  If you're a mainstream gay, you need my zines so you'll find out that there are other ways of expressing homosexuality culturally. If you're a non-mainstream queer, you need my zine because finally someone is putting down and writing the things you've always thought. If you're someone with a short attention span, you need my zine because it's digestible bite-sized pieces. If you're someone who likes music, you'll dig the references you'll find here. If you're someone who likes spoken word, you can imagine me reading these pieces in a snide sarcastic humorous way and you can buy my zine and laugh. If you're broke, you need to scrape money together and buy my zine or else go to the library and read my zine at the zine library. If you are rich, you should be a patron of the arts and buy my zine. If you're a fundamentalist Christian, you need to buy my zine as evidence of the decadence of modern society. If you're a college professor, you need to assign my zine to your class so they all buy copies. If you are an internet addict, my zine will help wean you from your compulsion. My zine will cure illness, lift depression, incite revolution, build stronger bones and improve your hairstyle.  So buy my zine already. And it probably goes for everyone's zine here. You probably should buy everyone's zine. And they'll be around this weekend. So next thing is, I'm going to read something from my book. This is The International Homosexual Conspiracy. It's published by Manic Depress and I'm going to read a piece here called Preserving Gay Culture. I have a new excuse for my consumerism.   This is not because I'm addicted to shopping or for my own benefit, I'm preserving these items for future generations of gay people. I'm currently constructing a tomb which is to contain my mortal remains carefully embalmed in the manner of the ancients, along with those possessions which will convey to some future archaeologists the gay culture as it exists in the current dynasty. Imagine some thousand years hence as some future Howard Carter breaks through the wall to find a dusty room crowded with the ephemera of my real life.  My pet cat's mummified and a treasure trove of gay culture. After all, we are the ones who harbor the pinnacle of western culture. Visit your local mega-record store if one still exists where you reside and enter through the soundproof doors to the classical music section. You will find nobody there but gay men. Sure, there are plenty of gay Philistines shopping for techno out in the rest of the store, but in this section one finds the true elite of the gay world, the crème de la crème. Similarly, who visits art galleries? Heterosexuals only know to visit museums when must-see shows are hyped.  When I buy, I am not similarly propping up capitalism, participating in a system in which elites buy luxuries while the poor do without. No, I am building a new Alexandria, an empire whose glory will be in dust. And now I'm going to read from this short scene called Hangouts, which I made its debut at last year's Zinefest and I will have copies this year as well. And it starts out on the cover with, I just realized something that has gone largely missing from my life, Hangouts. Right after college, several of my college friends started an art gallery in St. Paul called Speedboat. It wasn't about making a million bucks on art. It was about hanging art by people they were friends with. Eventually, half of the space became a coffee shop called Motor Oil Industrial Coffee, and the basement was a place where local and touring bands played. There were thrift store couches and coffee was super cheap. You could just go check out the art and sit around and read the zines on the wire racks and talk with friends. One of my pals lived in an upstairs apartment. So that's one type of Hangout. The other was a book or record store where I knew people. I looked back and realized the first place like that was The Hungry Mind, the bookstore on Grand Avenue near McAllister College where I spent a lot of time as a kid, particularly in the science fiction section. Many of the people who worked there were current or former college students and there were people who pretty much had autonomy over different sections of the store, like Ann who ran the kids in science fiction sections. I buy a lot of paperbacks but also just hang out and read and browse in the store and talk to the people who worked there. After college I'd go hang out at a brother's touch which was a gay bookstore owned by Harvey Hertz. Harvey had been an addict in New York who had stories of hanging out with Tim Buckley and Laura Nero at the Fulmore East. He'd moved to Minnesota to go to rehab, got sober and stayed. You couldn't take the New York out of the man though. He spoke in an almost incomprehensible Brooklynese and was a lot more direct than the kind of people that Minnesota nice could stand.  None of which he suffered in silence. You'd hear about it when you hung out with Harvey at the store. If a gay writer was not such a sellout to pass by his store in favor of a straight indie or chain bookstore, you'd see them at Harvey's first signing, Dennis Cooper, Sarah Shulman, et cetera. If you feel like researching further, you could examine back issues of equal time, the LGBT newspaper where Allison Bechtel worked to see ads listing who else passed through there. Eventually the competition, particularly from online bookstores, was too much and Harvey closed the store. All right, let's see. So anyway, there's more of that and I have pictures of flyers and so on in here. So anyway, I just want to wrap it up and thank you.