It appears as if white mold is is the least Possibly dangerous of the molds as the white coloring means that it has not yet flourished its spores Caught it in time.  Saramon the Saramon red mold does sound very black black does but red sounds. Yeah green mold brown mold pink mold purple one minute All kinds of mold, you know what I use bleach just bleach everything Yeah Spray it down. Let it sit for an hour come back scrub rinse That's right. Good day internet where you get mold Kanye and more Moldy Kanye news I missed the mold Kanye. Oh good one keeping it mold school. I Like you guys We like you too even on a trying day Tell you Try to live spirits always always boost the spirits. Yeah old Langzine Mold Langzine All right, 10 seconds 10 seconds not we go Five four three two Hey, thanks to everybody who supports daily tech news show Directly to find out the benefits head daily tech news show comm slash support This is the daily tech news for Thursday September 20th my anniversary happy anniversary wife 2018 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Eric and from studio feline. I'm Sarah Lane and from Oakland, California. I'm Justin Robert young And I'm Roger from somewhere in LA County Hello, Roger from somewhere in LA County. Oh our audience Thank you for joining the daily Amazon news show We'll be talking nothing but Amazon as Amazon announced approximately 500,000 products today And just about an hour. I mean they didn't take long to do it, but they just it was rapid fire boom boom boom Well, if there's one thing you can be very excited about that. That's always right Yeah, no, I if they had to announce this many products, which I'm not sure they did at least they did it fast So I'll go I'll give them that let's start with a few tech things you should know I'll play that As Tom just mentioned Amazon announced a big pile And I mean big of new gadgets and voice assistance features Thursday we will run through all the new echoes and a clock and a microwave a little later in the show Sony Interactive Entertainment SVP Hero Yuka Oda said that the company will stop production of its PS Vita in Japan in 2019 Sony has no plans for a successor to the Vita. He did mention that other countries But most markets sell Vita's made in Japan. He did not mention not mentioned. Sorry the other country mention it Yeah, GoPro announced its hero seven line of cameras going on sale September 27th The hero seven white is a hundred ninety nine dollars and the least dangerous of the gopros Can do 1440p video at 60 frames per second the silver version is $299 with 4k at 30 frames per second and GPS and the hero seven black has all of that for $399 and can do 4k at 60 frames per second adds in super slow mo and live streaming capability as well It also introduced an improved image stabilization feature called hyper smooth It's what I have tried to be in junior high Never succeeded. All right. Let's talk a little more about insurance Justin. Ah, yes the exciting world of life insurance John Hancock announced that it will no longer underwrite traditional life insurance instead selling interactive policies that track fitness and health data through wearable devices Hancock introduced the interactive policies in 2015 It is an established product in britain and south africa and gaining popularity in the united states The policies can offer discounts for hitting exercise targets and gift cards for logging data How much does this affect people because I don't know how many people actually have life insurance independently like this right where you Go to John Hancock. I know a lot of people do but I'm I'm I'm curious because my first thought the reason I asked this is That's kind of a burden like oh if you want life insurance, you're gonna have to shell out some money for a tracker Well, and it's also John Hancock saying all right you got life insurance like why are you getting there? Are you being cautious or is there something wrong with you and if we can track more data that is You know more and more being established to be Accurate that we can use to figure out whether or not we want to give you a life insurance policy I don't blame the company for doing so, but it is it's a whole privacy conversation as well I would hasten to clarify Uh in case someone gets the wrong idea It's not about getting the life insurance policy You can't be turned down because you didn't wear a tracker in the past This is about giving you deductions and perks For wearing the tracker while you're doing the life insurance So you kind of have to wear it after you get it you can't be turned down for not having one But you're gonna have to have it to keep going with it The idea being it will keep you healthier if you have a tracker That's what they found it encourages you to be more to be healthier And this is it John Hancock trying to incentivize and keep good bets All insurance kind of boils down to whether or not you are going to be paying in more than you are taking out But for life insurance specifically It's a little bit less of a immediate How is this going to affect my life kind of thing because you're worrying about the future You're worrying about your family and who you're going to leave behind So what they want to do is say hey look We like the people that are wearing wearables that are at the gym that we can verify through this fairly easy Process are doing it and therefore We can make it a little bit less expensive for you or give you some kind of incentive To say okay We'll keep doing this because that means you're going to stay alive longer Which means you're going to pay us more which means we're okay with paying out your life insurance when you die Nobody wants you to stay alive more than a life insurance company. Yes Well, okay, so what happens when you you lose your smart watch that's tracking all the things that johnny hancock says Is going to give you perks. What do your deductions look like? Yeah, well, I don't know if you could lose your policy if you stopped wearing it. That's a good question I'd like to know that if anybody in the insurance business knows how these things work Uh a little better.  Yeah, yeah, this this is more carrot than stick I think they just want people to to feel a benefit for doing just be giving the trackers to people And saying like if you want a more expensive one great But you get at least a basic fit bit if you do this This is all about making you a better statistic on the actuarial table that they compute every year to make sure that they're not insolvent Instagram announced users can now use gifts using giffy into their instagram direct messages Oh happy day starting today instagram direct will also have a gift button on the composition bar So if you click on it You'll get trending gifts where you can hit random people who use giffy within slack are already familiar with this For whatever giffy thinks you probably want based on the keyword Instagram already offers this and it's cool toolkit for story stickers. So more of a gift rollout on the instagram platform Who's excited me I I'm glad that instagram is more gift friendly I don't know exactly how much I want to use it in my direct messages How many ship at all show good gifts do they have that's It's sort of like how much do you want to use emojis in your direct messages? It comes up once in a while. This is a nice feature. I'm sure I will use it I hope it leads to instagram being more gift friendly for not only posts in your main feed But also in your stories and stuff like that. I I want I want instagram to continue to be more gift friendly I need to use them more That's I I know how to properly use a gif and I know how to properly say gif But I don't use them often enough I'm just trying to there's a There's a faction out that needs to be addressed. There's a faction. I try to throw them a bone every once in a while The balance of the show, but yeah, I I don't I don't use them in a way that this is going to change my behavior much Maybe a will I doubt it though No, it's it's uh, it's It's lovely gift friendly people. I I'm a big fan of giffy in particular platforms that have it integrated. Well, I mentioned slack before use it all the time in slack. It's very funny um But yes in a stories feature slash dm feature great It's it's not going to revolutionize your instagram experience But if it can help you express yourself to people without using actual words I'm not mad at you I'd like you to send me a gif that explains that I will do that after the show. Thanks Uh facebook launched a test of its dating feature in its mobile app in colombia Facebook dating Uses what it knows about you to suggest matches from people who have chosen to be listed facebook bent over backwards to Point out you have to opt in It's separate from facebook messenger. It's separate from your facebook profile We're trying to do it right the default doesn't show friends You can't see your friends in this and you can even choose to exclude friends of friends If that's even a little bit too close to home users can express interest in up to 100 people per day There is a max and there are no plans at this time to monetize it They just want to see if it works in colombia and if it does they plan to roll it out to the rest of the world Hot nights in bogota Well, yeah, I know this is a limited testing slash roll out and we've talked about the idea of facebook introducing dating on his platform in the past It's interesting that facebook's like listen We know you might not want to be matched with friends or even friends of friends because that's awkward Even though most dating apps actually use facebook As the repository to figure out who your friends are and who your friends or friends are in order to match you With those people So it's almost like the opposite of like facebook saying this might be sort of an underground thing You might want to do don't worry. We're not going to make it weird for you Even though it's sort of the antithesis of what a lot of dating apps already do Yeah Regarding the hot nights in bogota. Justin they're they're also saying we don't want to be a hookup app We're doing things to actually get in the way of that and try to foster people who want longer term relationships Right because everyone knows if you meet a friend of a friend. It's a hookup app You got to get that out of there and meet a stranger look, uh hinge is already a very popular dating app that uses facebook data. There is obviously a A market there for people who want to use the data that they already enter into social media to make this Obviously a comically ridiculous and painful process for some a little bit easier and more successful so I think that it's there really my biggest thing is that just Make a hinge clone make a better hinge clone that is powered that is more explicitly powered by facebook I just don't know facebook is such a overloaded brand with so much kind of tied to it I I really do wonder whether or not this would be something that if you gave it even the patina Of a different name that it looks a little bit like a different product If it wouldn't be something that people wouldn't jump all over immediately I you know you say that but If we've learned nothing from the whole election snafu over facebook and privacy violations and cambridge analytica. It's that facebook can kind of do everything and people will still use it so It's it is the right the right thing to do like yeah, sure some people won't be attracted to it because it's called facebook dating But that won't be the most majority Yeah, uh, maybe I don't know. I think people already are volunteering their data to date with uh, uh, so it's it seems like it works So whether or not it works as a facebook feature will see investigations By the cbc news and toronto star claimed ticket master recruits professional scalpers to expand its retail business and optimize pricing Automated purchasing of tickets is prohibited by the terms of service, but a ticket master sales rep is quoted as saying quote I have brokers that have Literally a couple hundred of accounts It's not something that we look at or report and quote The source said the resale division of ticket master does not report users To the abuse division Eddie vener was right ticket master sucks A division of ticket master sucks. I mean it's it's tempting to run with this and just you know and say to all Ticket master has been trying to fool us the whole time And it does seem like the resale division is saying that like the the undercover investigation found Sales people at ticket master who are like look the abuse division. We don't talk to them. All right So wink wink do whatever you want. We're not going to turn you in if you get caught by them Though it's it's it's out of our hands ticket masters official policies prohibit the sort of behavior and the abuse division Does try to crack down on it But I but what what is controversial here despite all of that is that you have a division that is kind of actively saying Wink wink nudge nudge if you can get away with it great. We won't tell on you Look ticket master talk about a brand that has been defined for for many many years ticket masters Brand that people don't look at kindly between the fees and exclusive windows and when people are able to buy stuff This is I mean I joke about pearl jam and Smashing pumpkins and louis ck and so many other artists trying to take things away from the ticket master monopoly But this is an industry that had that was rocked by private resale of tickets with stub hub and similar communities I'm not shocked that they are trying to control it as much as possible Nor am I shocked that this company that has a bad reputation Has another as a an element within them that is doing things that would earn one a bad reputation Yeah, and if you don't understand what it what we're talking about on ticket master You can buy a ticket from someone or or directly, you know from the venue and then resell it and what what's going on is Scalpers go in and automate bots to buy the tickets and then Resell them and they'll have hundreds of accounts To do this so they can they if there's a limit on the amount of tickets per person They can get around that and sell hundreds of thousands of tickets Folks if you want to get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes Be sure to subscribe to daily tech headlines dot com All right. I broke down the amazon announcements into four categories The first of the four is new versions of the classic echo Amazon announced the echo dot by the way, we'll just say it right now. Everything's covered in fabric now. Everything looks like a google home The new echo dot has a few fewer microphones for microphones But a pros supposedly improved sound quality prices of everything are also the same. They didn't raise the prices The echo show is twice as big of a screen now 10 inches real-time dolby processing Integrated skype and firefox, which I found interesting and the echo plus. That's the one that has the built-in smart home hub Has a temperature sensor and really interestingly something called local voice control that lets you control your smart home devices Even if your internet is down It'll just use your local wi-fi network with a limited amount of voice recognition That's built in on the device itself rather than going through the cloud. What do y'all think of the new classic echoes Well, uh, you know a new fabric design is sort of I don't know whatever the the Uh apple does it as well, but it's a nice look It's nice that we're getting new features for roughly the same prices among all these devices And as far as the echo show having twice as big of a screen at 10 inches Unless you had like a tiny little space that you were trying to shove it into in your kitchen or something I think that would be advantageous to most people who are looking for a video screen version of an echo device That was the one thing I didn't like as much and I don't think it's a bad feature But I like my five inch echo it fits echo show because it's where I have it really well I wouldn't want a 10 inch one there So kind of sad to see they don't have a five inch and a 10 inch available But but whatever that's that's fine. Justin anything else on these? Uh amazon knows the spoilers. Uh, they know what sells they know why it sells they know what uh people They know what uh consumers want because they're the ones selling them they sell Probably the most amount of google homes because they sell google homes on amazon So if if if fabric is the order of the day, that's the order of the day I like the the echo plus though That's one of the things that I found out with an internet outage yesterday How much my smart home completely goes from uh, you know, uh 60 to amish There is any kind of outage so i'm happy to see that all right Let's talk about their high-end audio announcements. The echo sub is 100 watt bass woofer sub woofer That is able to pair with an echo It doesn't work on its own So add some bass to your echo sound or if you have two echoes you can now pair all all three of them together And have stereo sound with the sub woofer They're also opening up their multi room music feature to all devices for free starting with the pulk Com command bar later this year There's also the echo link amp and the echo link That have a built-in well the amp has a built-in 60 watt two channel amplifier And they both have higher quality audio than the echo dot provides So you get digital and analog inputs and outputs The echo link is basically the same thing without the amp and then there's the echo input Which is kind of the opposite side of the dot So you have the echo link that's like, hey, what better quality audio than the dot go with this one There's the echo input which has no speaker at all It's just line out and bluetooth and amazon says they're going to partner with existing speaker makers starting with bows To bundle these in so you buy a bows speaker And you can put a few of these around and have them connect by bluetooth and one of them by line Uh, and and now suddenly that speaker becomes Throughout the home sort of at least controllable I love this stuff personally But these are the conversations that I have with a lot of my friends where people are just like I don't know it's audio. Can I just plug it into the wall and it just sort of like Play in my music This is more of a yeah, like sort of audiophile want to tinker around You know, most people don't even know what a subwoofer is or why it would help And certainly amplifiers You know go into that category as well This sounds great to me. The prices are low and it's wonderful. However, it's all about the setup process Because if it's complicated setup, you're you're just you're you're not going to get casual audio listeners interested in most of this stuff in my opinion We're this is going to also be my commentary for the next few things. So just go ahead and copy and paste I don't have to say because we have a million products to get through christmas time is here They want you to think of the music lover in your life and they want a very affordable hundred Around 100 to 200 to 300 dollar device depending on how much you love them that you can say hey look Here's a new functionality to your already existing set of speakers or here's a way that you can bring This is for your for your audiophile A member of your family that you want to buy a reasonably priced gift for that is the theme of this announcement Which is we are putting our voice assistant in everything And the knock on the echo has been not a great speaker Well, guess what we put a subwoofer to make it a better speaker And if you're really into high-end audio and you're like, I would never give up my high quality speakers We got an answer for you there, too What if you want a dvr over the air? Well, I got an answer for that. Here's a bunch of their home announcements fire tv recast is essentially a tableau Or a home run If you know what those products are then you know that what you do is you plug an antenna Into the the recast the fire tv recast in this case and put it wherever the signal is best in your house And then it will use your wi-fi network to send All the dvr recorded content and live over the air to your device over your home wi-fi or you can access it over the internet as well and that Is available for the fire tv the echo show The echo spot or ios and android So that's interesting because it's turning your echo show into a television now And it has two versions two tuners and 500 gigabytes for 229 dollars or a terabyte and four tuners for 279 dollars amazon also announced a smart plug Which is like every other smart plug it can it can through an app or through voice control Turn whatever's plugged into it on or off by giving it power taking the power away And it can be scheduled to turn things on or off, but this one is also hubless So you don't need to have a smart hub to make it work unlike some of the others But it's 125 All right, there's also the ring stick up cam which is not as they joked in the verge story about Pointing a gun at you. Uh, it just means you can stick it anywhere which lots of these cams could already be done Uh, so this one can be battery powered or wired the echo wall clock I know is rogers favorite because it's a wall clock Like that can set alarms like that one And can show you the progress of timers as well as the current time And it has microphone in it. So it's a full on echo Then there's the home basics microwave, which does not have a microwave or it does not have a microphone in it But it is a microwave You have to have an echo to control it But it does have a dash button built in meant to help you order microwave popcorn Or it can just keep track of your popcorn usage and order it automatically when it knows you're out That one's 60 bucks Uh, and then a couple of technologies that go along with this stuff wi-fi simple setup Is using wi-fi lockers to store your wi-fi credentials and then share them when you add a compatible smart home device To your network tp link and ero are their first partners there and there's the alexa connect kit That's what turned the microwave into a device that works on the network And that includes a module with bluetooth le and wi-fi the companies can put in devices to make them smart They're trying to get other companies to pick that up. All right, so lots of home stuff here I think the most ridiculous one is the electric plug for $129, but what do you guys think? Uh, I think that that's high price, but that that's for a very specific use case Uh, my guess is that they are looking at other products like that and they're saying, okay If you have a need to do it then this is for you know, you're you're Beach home or something or people who are renting their houses out on air b&b and they want to go plus is $149 It's only like 25 bucks more To get a thing that then you can go buy the $15 20 plugs and use those I'm only giving amazon credit for being price smart on this because of what i'm going to talk about next All right, walk clock is the stocking stuffer of 2018. I can't imagine anything else being more of a I have no idea what to get somebody 30 bucks it looks impressive It can hang anywhere it does some of the stuff that that is is popular elsewhere And if you already are in that ecosystem, here's another place for it I also think that the microwave as silly as that sounds and as much as we can make fun of we do We really need it on a microwave. Yes for $60 if you're looking to buy a microwave And it's that or a comparably priced $60 microwave, which is about what they cost But that doesn't have that functionality. You're gonna go for that functionality I love I'd love to know how many people who get the The amazon wall clock in their stocking if it even fits in there Um are like, oh, but I don't have an echo device and they're like the person giving them that I was like, well shoot. Okay. I kept my receipt Because the you just like plug in the walk the wall clock doesn't need another echo device It's the microwave that needs another echo device. No, the wall clock does it connects to an echo device via bluetooth No Uh-oh debate. All right. All right. You may be right. All right. We'll we'll hold that over I I thought the wall clock had the voice built in but I could be wrong about that That one you can't get yet either We can't right because there's very limited information about it Yeah, if uh, if you buy somebody the microwave too, right? Uh, if you buy somebody something that Sarah's right. Sarah's right. It does not have alexa built in if you buy somebody doesn't have alexa built in and they don't have an echo Well, and then you're gonna have to buy an echo too This this is the gift you get that you got the echo for them last year, right? That's my father-in-law That's my father-in-law All your father-in-laws So yeah, uh, wall clock Don't buy it. All right. Let's talk about the uh, I'm sorry. Don't you can't buy it yet, but maybe All right. Let's talk about the car. Uh, echo auto. I think maybe More confounding to me than the the electric outlet echo auto connects to a car through bluetooth or an audio jack Uses your phone for connectivity and as a display. So you need your phone Uh, but there you go. You can technically put amazon voice in your car Amazon also introduced something I think is a cooler thing which is guard mode for your echo devices It detects the sound of breaking glass Or a fire or co2 alarm will then record a clip of that sound and send it to your phone So you know what's going on and it can even uh integrate with security companies including amazon's own ring But also ad t and it can do things like randomize the lights going on and off To simulate you being home. Uh, it's a it's a cool little function of the existing echoes There's also something called hunches Where it will use some neural networks to try to guess what you're doing and say hey, you left the porch light on Did you mean to do that or you know, I think the door is still unlocked Do you want me to lock that before you go to bed and stuff like that? Uh, and then for parents the free time service on voice power devices now supports routines Uh, so the the routines like good night You can now have them for for the free time service for your kids And uh, there's a whisper back function. So when you whisper to the echo, it knows you whispered and it's like Okay, I'll keep it down and it gives you a whisper back Fast fast thoughts on this before we move on. Yeah, these are all uh Again, I think that they are also taking Either other products that they see so well or functionalities that they are looking to serve and they're putting their own Product out on it again. This amaz this is not a guess for amazon They know what products sell they know that uh that we have been covering Literally every device uh has some kind of voice assistant built into it and many of them are Amazon so this is them putting it into it. I actually do think that the car thing is a is a smart idea But just use your phone It's not always on though But you have to have your phone on to use this thing. So if your phone's not on then that thing doesn't work Huh, give your phone in your pocket. You mean you you can't like click them. I don't know Maps on this thing anyway, you're gonna pull it out of your pocket. I have had friends of mine buy devices buy a dash cam Just so it could have The echo voice assistant built into it also, uh, I want to apologize for sarah for correcting her when she wasn't wrong and Criticized amazon for calling something an echo when it didn't have voice You know he we won't apologize to is our reddit community because they're the best Thank you to everybody who participates in our sub reddit You can submit stories and vote on them at daily tech news show dot reddit dot com And if you prefer facebook or if you like both great facebook.com slash groups slash daily tech news show Is where you can find us there on word to the mail bag On word this one comes from ryan the dj who suggested omni charge for frequent top travelers who need their gear charge And this was actually in response to um christ christiansen's amateur traveler Tip from the other day ryan says First model that i suggesting from omni charge uses a 20 000 milli amp battery with two usb ports A regular wall plug for charging laptops with small appliances and all the good stuff You know because when you take your small appliances with you on the road Which you might no judgment the next version includes usb c for more complementary laptops The current model is in its endy go-go campaign. So it's still trying to raise money featuring a four 40 000 milli amp battery which can be swapped out on the fly So you don't have to keep recharging the power pack out in the field if it dies ryan says i took the type c version to a conference with me in july I was able to get through pretty long conference days with my service book two my iphone 7 plus hot spot And the mobile power pack didn't have to bring a single power supply with me to the conference center ryan i'm with you on this i have this the fewer cables the better oh you do I have it and i love it and it's got a regular old outlet on it and it can get me about 20 from a dead laptop It can get me about a 25 charge on my macbook Which is if if folks have been a pinch. Yeah, that's that's huge It is it is the difference between sitting at the coffee shop that you want or trying to go to somewhere else Where you can get by the outlet uh, it is it is freedom that unlocks part of your world fan of the omni charge And uh insta correction as well. Thanks to another j martin in the discord The amazon smart plugs only 25 bucks now the verge tech crunch many of the outlets out there that we rely on All said 125 so at some point somebody told him 125 Maybe that was like a four pack or something. I don't know but when you go to amazon now and you look at the smart plug It's 25 bucks. So that changes my opinion of it entirely. This is a great thing This is another stocking stuffer here does not need a hub Stocking stuffer, uh, man. Well the record for the shortest stocking stuffer of the year reign for the amazon wall clock It's the amazon plug Our email addresses feedback at daily tech Let's say say thank let's say goodbye to just rubber young first. Oh, sorry about that. Justin. Thank you. Thank you You've been wonderful today Um, I let folks know what you've been up to since uh since monday.  Well, where are you gonna get it? I mean from a news paper Well, what are they? What is this an ancient times? Why don't you go ahead to my newsletter? It's free You can go to the free political newsletter Actually, not the just free political newsletter dot com. You can sign up for it Uh every weekday five stories and a funny video man The campaign videos have been coming hot and heavy and there have been some doozies this week that people have gotten on free Political newsletter dot com go check it out. Thanks to everybody who supports us on patreon We are very very close and we just need a handful more if you are on the fence Be like ryan the dj who became a patron of dtns Finally, thank you ryan for not only sending us great feedback on on the the battery Uh, the the portable battery charger, but also becoming a patron of dtns join ryan right now He put it off for a long time. You don't have to you can make it right right now patreon.com slash dtns Our email addresses feedback at daily tech news show dot com love your feedback keep it coming We're also live monday through friday if you can join us for 30 p.m Eastern 20 30 utc put it on your calendar and find out more at daily tech news show dot com slash live Back tomorrow with shannon morse and led peralta talk to you then This show is part of the frog pants network Get more at frog pants dot com Club hopes you have enjoyed this bro We did it We made it we did Hey looks like we made it beautiful across the amazon and you've survived That was an amazon of announcements I'll tell you what I think amazon effectively realized this is why you do several announcements or release You know a press release with half these instead of doing all of them at the exact same time because If they're getting some of these details mixed up in like the day one press then you've effectively not done your job for Having a gigantic announcement, right? Say that again Like the reason why you do a big announcement is so all the press can report in one single solitary voice This is the product. This is when it's out. This is how much it costs, right? That's why you do these events otherwise You could just list them on your website or send out a press release or or do something But you want to make a Leave a little song a little dance a little salsa down your pants because you want to get the biggest bang for your Buck in the press possible But if people are all screwing up that your plug is 125 dollars instead of 25 dollars Then maybe there could have been a little bit more care Into making sure that there was a lot more sunshine on a few products instead of a billion products. Yeah I kind of think that's true. I get it now I'm going back to the tech wrench article now to see if that that's been updated Uh Yeah, it costs 25 dollars, which is pretty standard fare is what it says now Other than earlier when it said it costs 125 dollars, which is quite expensive for a wall plug Um a list as wide and deep as the amazon Man, I mean it's got the right idea. It's just a little wordy The amazon flows through it it's also amassing amazon announcements It's also amazon echoes everything, but the kitchen sink Is there an echo in here that I like a lot. Oh, that's actually a good one Yeah picture of the clock. Is there an echo in here? Is that what we're going with? Uh, is there an echo in here sounds good fun Is there an echo in there and I can't wait till monday when I can get along with the stress of having moved and unpacking and setting things up Instead of the stress of about to move And packing, you know, but yeah moving feels a little silly. It's like we're putting all these things boxes. You're just going to take them out again Shouldn't we just be able to Transport stuff I'm wondering if maybe moving toward a minimalist lifestyle where you're just like Yeah, I'm just going to pack up my clothes and A couple of personal effects and everything else just moving will do that to you Every time I move. I'm like, you know what? I don't actually need anything in this box. Let's just put in the dumpster Save ourselves the trouble I tried really hard to do that ahead of time this time It's sort of like, uh, when you're getting married and you're like at the very end you're like, okay I don't know $500 like just do it.  I'm sick of the details I wanted to be as painless as possible Apologies to anybody who enjoyed the getting married process I mean, there were fun times, but I definitely You know what I'm talking about. You're talking about where you're like, yeah, fine. Whatever. Just do it. I don't care Yeah I just don't want to do this anymore There were the family members who decided to show up without RSV peeing the day the day before and we had to add a table and uh, oh That's nice. Our reception was not not stressful. We uh, we we had, you know, like My family was sitting at the St. Louis Cardinals table Eileen's family was sitting at the Los Angeles Dodgers table And so we gave them the Florida Marlins because they had the worst in the league at the time Oh, very passive aggressive of you. I like it. I know Show up at the last minute you get the marlins table And it's an oily fish. It won't taste so good either We did not serve them marlin. No, I don't know if I've ever had marlin. I'm sure I have But I can't remember it being oily or not or what it tasted like Or is it sailfish or is it sword? No, I think it's one of those fish. Swordfish is meaty. It's not very oily I don't think Oily fish are good for you though. Yeah, swordfish is definitely meaty Meaty. Yeah, that that's that I was gonna say I don't think it's a very oily fish. It's a very Oh, I'm gonna marlin It's a hearty a hearty fish. It is. Okay Harlins are marlin steaks. Yeah fish with heart It's a big heart got a lot of heart right out Oh to eat that heart A few yeah, what is uh, this is uh at the top of the food chain so you can't eat too much you'll get too much mercury Oh great. That's not funny Wait, where's my star that that's just over my head saying now, you know The more you know The morning, you know I'm gonna mr. Rogers it today and take off the jacket Again, so anyway back to our mold conversation from before the show. Yeah. Oh, yeah molds. Yeah penicillin Mold wine Yeah, you Which you know for a while. I thought that that's what it I thought it was moldy wine Gross during the holidays where I'm like kind of good.  No mold. It's mold The mold wine is I'm just saying oh, oh, yeah, I know I don't well It's like Bob mold the the the guy from I used to think his name was spelled M. O. L. D Like I can never find him Uh, yeah alcohol being essentially kind of a spoiled food, right? Yeah, uh because it's it's been fermented You could think like oh, it's mold. It's like like like cheese. Cheese is a it is kind of a mold thing. So Although cheese wine although spoiled wine gets turned into vinegar or becomes vinegar True correct That is a fact The more you know What are you reading Justin? Oh nothing i'm just uh I'm making sure that everything Is okay Is everything okay? Everything's okay I've had A little bit of a I don't know if i'm getting sick, but like around halfway through my stream this morning. I have my face exploded Oh, yeah What does that mean? You look much better. I have considered A drainage out of my Yeah, occurred it was an everything out said everything must go situation in my nose and so Uh, I took a a day quill And I think i'm good, but i'm a little Head in the clouds I hear you you know I used to I used to take drick sorrel. Do you guys remember drick sorrel? Yes drick sorrel is That was the commercial that was the commercial I don't remember the commercial drick sorrel is Something that helps you it was like it was almost like a mad lib.  I'm looking it up. Oh, look at this. Look at this Hold on. Wait a minute. Let's see if we go Oh, and it's it's putting up itself up against the I miss those commercials. I miss the newprin ones small I think they still sell they just they don't advertise it anymore I brought up dricks roll though because it used to just make me feel really good It's probably the effedron Calmed me right down. Oh, maybe not the effedron then. Yeah, well, you wouldn't think it was the effedron that would do that But I just I was always like, oh, I feel much. I feel less anxious. I feel good You know feel calm when I drink sorrel. It was more it was kind of I don't care about anything kind of head in the clouds cold medicine feeling like i'm calm because I don't care It's it's you know, when you're in chemistry class in high school is probably not the best state of mind I don't care Let's blow up this beaker. Yeah Is it burning my finger? I don't care. Uh, whatever. I took some just tricks orl is tricks orl is Going to help you get through chemistry Uh, yeah, and then it's off the market now because of the effedron They just they weren't one of the ones like pseudofed that went behind the counter. They just quit Oh, wow. I mean, I'll tell you what farm, uh, you know the pharma specifically like, uh It's a high stakes game Like there there's there's not a lot of room for for error or problems with it. Uh, Which kind of gets lost me because they're they're easy to You know, uh Make fun of or cast aspersions on but it's like that's You know for for as many times as you Hit with a big drug, right? There is a tremendous amount of cost that goes into researching Getting something through trials Uh, then you're also and even then then starting to get it into the doctor's offices where they will start We give up free samples and little flyers and oh, yeah Yeah, and then you're still on the hook for a class action lawsuit that it's you know doing something that it shouldn't or or yadda yadda yadda I actually I actually way back in the day. I I dated a pharmacologist and he he worked for A big pharma company.  This is a very long time ago, but even at a young age. I was like this seems borderline You know in my former existence when I was doing Uh stuff at sales conferences for the go game You get some stories a few people get a few pops in them start talking about the medical rep field Have some stories, but uh Lots of the board above board stuff going on certainly But definitely there were there were certain instances where I'm like, huh This is okay. I see what's going on here. Uh Yeah, uh Short skirts big promises, uh You know, there's there's a lot of I heard a lot of stories a lot of stories of of It's a weird field because it's high stakes. It's either you make it's life and death stakes Well, I mean there's that the fact that these are literally drugs that are you know In some cases either making people's lives better extending them or saving them but also like You know, there was a a show on a Uh a network that you know once used to pay all of us uh that uh did not have a ton of listeners but it was for the right audience because All you needed was to convince One person that was listening to it To make a decision that would oftentimes lead to hundreds of thousands of dollars Uh in referrals for or in gains for people who were advertising on it So it didn't matter if 13 people were listening to it It mattered that the right 13 people were listening to it because that Going to draw top dollar advertising And that's what a lot of this pharmacology field is is that You either got to get this stuff in the hands of doctors. So doctors are going to prescribe it. So doctors know about it Uh or yanked and so all of that money spent on trials all that money spent on Getting it through the fda and approved that is all for not unless it is getting prescribed by doctors Video folks. I want to apologize. We were going to leave you with a teaser of of short skirts and big promises Uh accidentally gave me the the substantial, uh, you know, uh targeted audience information But we are going to leave it there and get into even uh more Uh substantial And and and skirtless Wait, no, that makes it sound like this thing Just we're we're gonna add the video audio folks stick around. There's more to come right


I'm going to talk about three things. Firstly, the climate outlook. Secondly, fine age ratings. And thirdly, the Continuous Haines Index. Let's talk about the seasonal climate outlook. Let's look at the 12 month rainfall decile map across Victoria to the end of July. Now remember, this doesn't include the healthy rainfall that we received during August. The past 12 months has seen above average rainfall across the majority of Victoria. And for a significant part of western Victoria, the last 12 months rainfall has been the highest on record. These antecedent conditions have meant that deep soil moisture remains above average. As of mid-August, the Pacific Ocean was displaying neutral conditions. It's highly likely that these neutral conditions will continue through to the end of the year, although we can't make it a definitive statement about summer quite yet. The Pacific Ocean being in neutral conditions is likely to continue, and this is suggested by the global climate models from around the world. However, we must be cognizant of the fact that one in two La Nina events is often followed by a subsequent La Nina event. So now let's look at the seasonal climate outlook for spring. This outlook is based upon the current state of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, which indicates that there is a marginally higher chance that conditions will be drier than normal during spring. Supporting this forecast, the Bureau's experimental dynamical climate model is also hinting at a drier spring in general terms across Victoria. So how are the public fire danger ratings issued for a district? Now remember, you've got to apply the appropriate fire danger index to the correct weather district. And remember that each weather district now aligns with the total fire ban districts. For the Malley, Wimmera and Northern Country, the Grassland fire danger index is used. And for all remaining weather districts, the Forest fire danger index is used. Last year, for the first time, a gridded approach was used to determine the fire danger index in each weather district. It's best explained in four easy steps. The first step is to split each district into hundreds of small grids. In fact, the grids are a three kilometre box. The second step is to calculate the forecast fire danger index in each grid every hour of the day. We then save the forecast maximum fire danger index value in each grid. And then the fourth step, the fire danger index for the district is determined by the 90th percentile, which can be thought of as 10% of all grid points must be higher than this value. This is often called the 10% rule. This approach is thought of being a fairly conservative way of determining the fire danger index for each district. And once we know the forecast maximum fire danger index for each district, we then apply the national-scaled fire danger rating system to determine the rating for each weather district. Of course, at the top end, the code red is always determined by the state fire controller. This information is displayed in tabular format in the fire weather forecast summary. And this is issued each afternoon for the next day. Of course, we're still issuing the forecast fire danger index at the time of maximum temperature, and that's located in our fire weather forecast locations product, available for the next four days. The Bureau of Meteorology is also planning to update the fire weather version of the forecast explorer. You may have seen the new and improved forecast explorer on the Bureau's public weather page. The fire weather version contains much more information specific for the users of fire weather information. You may find viewing this information in a graphical format much easier than in the tabular format that we also provide. Of course, the State Control Centre weather briefings will continue during the summer and also during the shoulder seasons to assist with planned burning activities. We introduced the Continuous Haines Index last year to complement the forest and grassland fire danger indices. So what is the Continuous Haines Index?  The Continuous Haines Index values range from 4 being low to 13 being quite high. So what does the value really mean? Well, in Victoria, a Continuous Haines Index of 10 or more is considered significant. A value of 10 or more indicates a quite unstable atmosphere and a quite dry atmosphere. Fires that develop in these types of conditions become quite explosive. They develop a significant smoke column, often developing a cauliflower-like top and we call that a pyrocumulus. The toastery fire is a classic example of the fire behaviour that can occur when the Continuous Haines Index is 10 or more. This fire generated a pyrocumulus on a day that the Continuous Haines was greater than 10. The Fireanger Index was also greater than 50 and a wind change added extra energy to the smoke column. This fire resulted in a significant increase in fire behaviour once the plume developed a cauliflower-like top. The combination of atmospheric instability and the wind change resulted in an increase in fire behaviour and the fire becoming very dangerous. So in summary, we're expecting a dry spring but stay tuned and keep an eye on the Bureau's seasonal climate outlook for summer. Secondly, when we determine the fire danger ratings for a district, remember we use the 10% rule. And thirdly, on bad fire days, remember be aware of the Continuous Haines Index.


at what point should you get help with your Facebook ads, Instagram ads and versus doing it yourself? So I personally do all my Facebook, Instagram ads myself because I like the precision that I get to put into everything and I like to kind of key track of all the numbers and run experiments myself. I'm definitely a geek in that way. And but, you know, that if it's not something that's fun for you to geek out on, I would say you should, I would recommend you learn it enough where you feel comfortable with analyzing the numbers. At least you should know how to analyze the numbers. If you don't even know how to analyze the numbers and you're just outsourcing it all, you might get into trouble probably because your outsourced person doesn't necessarily know how to do it well. I've noticed anyway that the people who I've noticed doing Facebook, Instagram ads, I think most of them are doing it wrong, not in my framework. They're not doing it the way that I think is most reasonable and sustainable over the long-term, especially for solopreneurs. So I think most people are doing it wrong. Now people who have been trained by me, I have a few people trained by me that I refer to and they are more likely to be doing it right, but you should still know how to analyze the numbers. And if you don't know how, you should always come to one of my Q and A calls and say, well, I've got these numbers here. What do you make of it? It doesn't seem to be working. And then I can teach you more and more over time how to analyze numbers. So that's the main thing I would also teach you to say, besides analyzing the numbers would be quantity. But second one is, do you know how to analyze the quality of the people that are engaging with you? So if you know how to look at the likers of your ads and look at their profiles and go, am I even reaching the right people here? Or just because I put people interested in herbalism or whatever, are these the actual people or somehow they like these weird pages that have nothing to do with herbalism but Facebook thinks it does. And so we have to analyze both the numbers and like spot check the people that are actually liking our ads and go, this is the right people, right? So I do that, I do everything myself. So I have a very tight grip on all this stuff. But you should learn and come these Q&As and we'll continue to work through that. Hope that helps.


Oh, I see. There's a mic. Okay. All right. But, you know, so Michael has had a really interesting career. He's the operational director, operational head of market strategy at Google. But he has done a lot of things within Google in the energy space, including some of the things on striking deals with utilities to go carbon, low carbon and carbon free, green tariffs, etc. And many, many other things he's going to talk to you about. The latest thing is this 24 seven carbon free, which he's going to talk about. But what is also interesting is in addition to the corporate background, he spent time in the White House in the Council for Environmental Quality in the Clinton years. And as a five year old, and he has a very diverse background, and he's got a JD from University Michigan, master's degree from Yale and BS from the University of the South. And in this navigation of the energy, I mean, he is now heading, he's the chair, the board chair of the Renewable Energy Buyers Alliance. And if you haven't heard of that, here it is. This is going to be the driving force of renewable energy, at least one of the key driving forces of renewable energy in the United States. It's in hopefully in the rest of the world as well. Great. Thanks, Arun. Thanks for having me. I'm really thrilled to be here. My voice is coming and going because I'm getting allergies. It's not the cold or anything else like that. So I'll do my best here, but I'll probably need to speak in a little bit of a lower voice. So can everybody hear me? Okay. Okay, great. So I sit within Google's global infrastructure team, and this is the team that manages Google's power consumption globally. And I'm going to talk a little bit about how we've been wrestling with decarbonizing the power supply at Google. That's where I'm going to focus most of my talk. How many of you here are familiar with the sort of 100% renewable versus 100% clean conversation and debate? Okay, a few. Well, we're going to get into that too a little bit. So why do we care about energy? When people think about Google, they don't think about energy, but it's pretty easy. People watch a billion hours of video on YouTube every day. We have nine products that have over a billion users, and we use essentially as much electricity as two San Francisco's. And that's actually a little bit old data, 10.1 terawatt hours in 2018. And we've been in a steady growth trajectory in terms of our electricity consumption for quite some time. So we're growing on the average of 20% year over year. And, you know, we are now making plans for how to manage our infrastructure when we're at 20 or 30 terawatt hours a year and maybe even beyond. It's all powered by a global network of data centers. These are the Google owned and operated data centers around the world. We're now at about 21. And then if you take into account the networking and the points of presence and sort of broader part of it, this is what our compute architecture looks like globally. It's essentially one of the biggest computers in the world when you think about it as a networked entity. This is just, I wanted to give you all a snapshot of what a Google data center looks like. Most people don't think about this, but these are actually huge industrial facilities. This is our data center in Monks Corner, South Carolina, just outside of Charleston. And these are facilities that can use up to hundreds of megawatts each. So they're very, very large and they run a lot of compute at each one of our Google data centers. This is just a little bit of a gif of what the inside of a data center looks like. Not surprising rows and rows and rows of computer servers. So I'm just going to talk really quickly about energy efficiency before I get to the work around carbon-free energy. But it is important, I think, to touch on this. So not surprisingly, the more we can make our compute efficient, the more we can save the company money. And also it helps with modulating our energy consumption. We're doing a lot of things to make data centers more efficient. We keep the temperature in the server rooms higher than what a normal human being would want. Humans are comfortable at 72 degrees, servers are comfortable at 80 or 85. We're doing evaporative cooling, a lot of work. We're also using machine learning to optimize how we run our cooling systems at data centers. And we're also looking at how we actually optimize the compute itself. And we're getting 7x the compute power that we did from a unit of energy that we did five years ago. And then also, this is actually an interesting paper that just came out last week in Science written by John Kumi, who was here at Stanford and a few others. And it basically looked at global data center energy consumption from 2010 to 2018. And they found that, even though the compute has grown exponentially, the actual energy load has been pretty flat, just a little bit of growth. And that's mainly because the ship to these hyperscale data centers, like the ones that Google owns and operates. So now it's really the sort of heart of this, which is really talk about, thank you, talk about how we are decarbonizing our energy supply at Google. If you look at Google's overall carbon footprint, about 85% of it is associated with our data center on energy consumption in terms of our the emissions associated with electricity that we use. So for the last 10 years or so, we've actually been going out and sourcing renewable energy for our data centers. Now done over 50 projects. And it's about over five gigawatts of renewable energy deals. We do that in really three ways. One, if there's a deregulated energy market, we could just go out to the market and say, we want to purchase renewable energy from a new additional resource. And a retailer will typically provide that offering to us and deliver us that energy. If we're in a vertically regulated energy market, we have to work with our utilities to actually find ways to source, but to have them go and source the power for us, or we've actually changed the law to allow us to go source the power ourselves. So for example, most recently in Taiwan, which is a vertically integrated grid with a national utility, we went and actually changed the law to allow companies like Google just to go straight to a developer and sign a deal. And we just did our first deal in Taiwan. We did the same thing in Georgia. We did the same thing in North Carolina. And it's slow going, but it's been, it's worked. And then the sort of third way that we do this is in markets where the wholesale side is deregulated, but the retail side is vertically regulated. We've gone also straight to the developers, signed a wind and solar deal, buy that power from those projects, retire the wrecks and then sell the power back into the grid. So none of these ways is perfect. Probably the deregulated option is the best, but we're finding ways to work around what is a system that is very outdated. And for the last couple of years, we've been able to match 100% of our electricity consumption with purchases of renewable energy. So you total up all of the electricity that we use at our data centers over the course of a year, and we've gone out and signed deals for new renewable energy projects that matches that on an annual basis. Does it mean that we are 100% renewable at all times? And I'll talk about that. But it is a nice sort of early milestone that we've hit. And a lot of other companies are getting into the game. We're the largest non utility renewable energy purchaser in the world. And you can see that there are a lot of other corporates that are now going out and trying to do these projects themselves. And there's just a lot of interest in the whole space around corporates sourcing their energy from renewables. So just to go back to the 100% again, we hit that for the last couple of years. So in 2018, we used 10.1 terawatt hours. We matched that on an annual basis. What does that look like at an individual data center site? It looks like that. So this is data center in Iowa. And you can see that there's a lot of variability in the energy that we're sourcing. So we've gone out and signed wind deals. We're using a little bit of what the clean electricity is on the grid from the utility, but there's still significant times of the day and of the year, where we're having to source whatever the carbon based power is on the grid. So this is a pretty good snapshot of how we're over procuring in some it sometimes. And then we're under procuring at other times, which gets us to our long term aspiration, which is to source 24 seven carbon free power. So everywhere and at all times. So how do we go about doing that? The first thing we've got to do is measure our our footprint, measure our energy footprint of our data centers. And so we developed these what we call heat maps, which is a 8760 perspective of what an individual site looks like from a carbon free energy perspective. This is our data center in Lenora, North Carolina. And you can see that dark green band is actually where we signed a 60 megawatt solar project with the utility under the green tariff program that we had to that we created. But only 67% of the hours are carbon free given here. So I'll just show you guys a few other a few other sites. This is our site in Finland. It's actually pretty clean grid. It's a lot of nukes, a lot of hydro. And we've also done some wind deals. And so we're up to 97% of the hours a year are carbon free at that site. On the flip side, this is our data center in Taiwan. They have a very, very small amount of renewables. They have a little bit of nuclear and a little bit of hydro. And but only 16% of the hours a year carbon free. So how do we start tackling that? And then also just looking across our global portfolio. There's a lot of variation. And this doesn't have all of our newest sites on it. But you can see that Asia is really, really tough. You know, the the the APAC grids are mostly coal and gas with a little bit of nuclear. And as you guys know, there's site in like Japan, the nuclear is being built back. So how do we how do we solve this from a transactions perspective? How do we actually start to fill in these dark hours? So this is a heat map from our data center in Chile. Pretty good grid. A lot of hydro already some renewables on the grid. And we were looking at how can we actually fill in some of these hours? Can we get to 100% 24 seven at this particular site? So we did a solar deal and 80 megawatt solar deal. It's been about three years now, I think.  We came back on top of that and did more solar. Now keep in mind, in the middle of the day, we're actually over procuring it's generating more power than we needed the data center, but we are filling in the hours. And then we've added wind to it, we've gotten pretty close, you know, 96% but again, we were starting from a grid that was very, very clean to begin with. This is an example from a dirtier grid. So to go back to the Iowa example, before we started procuring wind in that market, it was only 17% carbon free. We've done a lot of wind deals there gotten ourselves up to 68% carbon free energy. And this is kind of where we are now. So this is sort of just to give you guys a picture of how are we how are we modeling out? How are we thinking about taking each one of these sites to 24 seven carbon free energy? So in this case, you could add solar to that wind. And you could add storage to that solar and a little bit of load optimization to sort of stretch those hours into the day. Yes, sure. And by the way, you guys, please ask questions at any time. Question about this graph. The color gradient shows that half that 100. The first graph you showed there were lots of variants regions where it was far above 100. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So that's this is a, you know, an 8760 picture of sort of looking at, you know, every hour of the day. And the the you go green when you get to 100% carbon free, it doesn't measure going over there actually to you can't do it in one graph we found. So the other graph was actually covering the overage. So you could do one word. Yeah, you just you have an even keel across the way. But we just found that this is a little bit easier way to to measure for Microsoft. Great question. Yeah, that's what you have been doing that graph in those times. Yeah. But when you plot it this way, erase that information. Yeah, yeah, it's a great point. And I think it gets back to what is the best way to even represent the data in the first place, you know, and when we started this, we didn't really even have a way of representing it. We hadn't seen these maps like this. And so this is what we've been using. But I think I agree. I actually like that graph too. I like the way it shows where you're over procuring because again, it's that you have to solve for that too. Exactly. Yeah, the trick is, is actually doing it in the balancing authority where we have a site. So on a on a global basis, then we're doing this now where we can over procure in these markets. And so we add up all of the electricity we're consuming at every site. We we we're going to add up all of the electricity that we're consuming at every site. And so we're going to add up all of the electricity that we're consuming at every site. We we procure over procure in certain markets like the Central US, the Nordics, but there's other markets like APAC, like Asia, where we're not able to there's just not cost effective renewables at that scale. And so we're matching our annual consumption with these purchases, but we're not actually doing it on the balancing authority. So what does that mean? I'll take for example, our data, we have a data center in Oklahoma, we've procured three X wind at that site.  Last August, there were days where we were 98% carbon power, because the wind wasn't blowing. And so how so if what we're trying to get at is, how do you actually drive the carbon off the grid? How do you ensure that every hour of every day in the balancing authority where you're operating is covered by clean power? So you're right, we can go out and so we could source three X our load. But what we're finding is is like, when you're at a grid that let's take a grid like Oregon, that's, you know, 90% hydro do you really want to go through a bunch of wind there? That's just stranded in that balancing authority if you can't sort of ship it out and let it and use it to displace and carbon, carbon freezing, carbon balance. Yeah. So again, back to in. Yeah, go ahead. Yeah. Yeah. So yeah, that's a great question. And it is it's pretty flat load. And but there is a little bit, there's a little bit of variation we can do in terms of how we shift how we do schedule jobs during the course of a day. So there's a it's not completely flat. It's got a little a few hills and valleys. And there's some compute that we can actually move and schedule at you know, it doesn't need to be done right away. You know, it's not associated with a Google search. It's backing up data files or that sort of thing. Actually, we'll have some we'll have more to say on this publicly here really soon. But it's a great question. But they are generally pretty high load factor pretty flat loads. Yeah, so we have gotten in the US, we've gotten authority from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to buy and sell power on the wholesale markets. And it's a it's a very imperfect solution, you know, and when we started it with our first 100 megawatt wind farm, I don't think we ever envisioned having gigawatts of wind that we're buying and selling into the markets. And so it just gets back to this, you know, when you when you are optimizing at a global level, we are not optimizing for each site, there are you start to distort that you actually introduce distortions into the market. So just back running through this scenario here. This is another one where we've run on the Iowa data center where you do wind solar batteries and load optimization. But even even then we couldn't get this to 100% carbon free in a way that was economically made sense. And so the big question is how do we get this to 100% carbon free? And I think that gets back to it's very hard to transact your way out of these problems, you really need to also be goosing the grids where you're operating and getting those moving towards carbon free. So how do we do this? If I'm sure we can do a little bit with transactions, but we don't that doesn't completely get us there. And it gets back to things that you guys talk a lot about here, which is advancing technology, transactions and finance and advancing public policy. And, and we're looking at sort of all these three areas in terms of how we as Google can move the needle. And this is a this is a pivot for us. We had sort of set these goals to be 100% renewable energy company matched on an annual basis. And we sort of see that as the start. And the real ultimate goal is to get to be carbon free at every location in every hour. And so we're really starting to turn our efforts in this direction. And we're finding that it's not something that's easy to do. It's it's it's arguably a moonshot, especially in places where the renewable resources of today are not very cost, it's cost effective as they are in some places. Can I ask a question? Yeah, sure. Are you from a project called the sea water dialysis of carbonate carbonic acid? Almost. Yeah, yeah. It was a map I saw in a book even provided how the research center, you mentioned the cost of both systems. And then he said it was too expensive. But I'm not sure that I agree with your math. I think that the astro teller has repeatedly used to describe the mathematics and so it is both people and I asked one about it, specifically here on campus, and he just refuses to say. And I think based on my reading of the research, it would be much less expensive than the proposal, which is often mentioned on this campus, which is to convert carbon dioxide into a super critical fluid and eject it back under underground. That adds about 18 cents per kilowatt hour to the cost of natural gas, for example, which is that's crazy. And if you want to keep making those economic purchases, you might consider that there's power gas solutions that you can get by leveraging the natural gas pipeline system as storage. So you don't have to build big tanks, you just have a shipping container size piece of equipment, probably a lot less expensive than other kinds of storage, batteries. Yeah, that's great. That's why I'm here today. So keep them coming. And actually, one of the things I've been talking about is ways that we can work together with you all to try and generate ideas and find solutions to these problems. And your point about gasses, I think last I saw there's $8 trillion of gas infrastructure in the world. And, you know, that's that's something that'll be hard to turn over in other ways that we can harness it in my region. So it's a great point. Okay, yeah, I don't have I don't have a whole lot left and we'll open it up to questions. So just again, technology transactions policy, how can we get work going in these areas to try to solve this problem? So the first area where we've really started looking like as looking at as technology, you know, we look to our strengths around data and machine learning and how can we apply that to solving some of the problems that we're trying to solve with 24 seven. And the first one that we've really gotten to work on is is this these large wind portfolio that we have where we're buying and selling power in the markets? Is there a way to optimize how we do that? For example, we have wind curtailments. We're not getting the full benefit and the value of that power because the way that a lot of power markets work is you have to schedule your assets a day ahead. And you get tend to get compensated higher when you do that than if you sell into the market real time. Well, how to variable assets like when when you don't know the wind is going to blow scheduled day ahead. How can you actually reserve your place in line? And what we've been doing is working in partnership with the deep mind team to use machine learning to take the weather data that's available publicly actually forecast what we think the wind production will be the next day and bid that wind into the market into the day ahead markets. We've been doing this now with 700 megawatts of wind and SPP, which is the Southwest Power Pool, one of the RTOs the United States. And we've been finding that we've been able to get about a 20% revenue uplift, both in predicting the production of the wind and also using machine learning to help us optimize how we actually schedule it how much we schedule and when. And so that's very promising. It's also it's challenging in that we've had to build the system to fit the RTO in which we work. But it is an area where we've been making progress and also can help reduce curtailments of wind. Yeah, I'm sorry. Yeah, so it's really actually getting more revenue. So when you sell into the day ahead energy markets, you tend to get compensated at a higher rate than if you sell in the markets real time. Most wind operators just sell real time because they don't know that they don't know what they're going to be the day ahead. So they can't actually go and reserve their place of line. So that's where we've been able to get more revenue from doing this because it's allowing us to schedule day ahead versus selling in the market. Transactions, I mentioned the Chile deal. This is another example of a way we're sort of looking at how we transact for energy. We've in the past just did transactions for wind or just did transactions for solar. Now we're looking at pairing up storage. Storage costs continue to come down. It's getting more economical to do these kinds of deals. And this is a deal that's actually not been approved yet by the Nevada Regulatory Commission, but it's under review right now. Not going to wood. And it's interesting in that it's a four hour battery. It's 180 megawatts of solar, 170 megawatt four hour battery. And we're using portions of the battery in the summertime to let the utility use to optimize the system. And we'll just take a hit on our CFP for those hours, but it's helping to actually pay for this very large battery. On the policy, there's a lot of work that needs to happen on the policy side that that can help us get to 24 seven and hopefully help others. Just information. I don't know if you guys are you guys familiar with electricity map that word that you can go online and you can actually see what the CFP numbers are for particular grids around the country. But it's actually this this information is not readily available for every electricity grid. The EIA in the US also releases some of this information, but it's sort of hard to get and it's not in real time. But if you had information, real time information on what the carbon performance of the grid is, you can actually, you know, you can have an app or you can you can optimize your appliances or your electricity use for carbon. So one of the things we're looking at now in terms of our data center compute is actually forecasting a day ahead what you think the carbon mix of the grid is going to be in any given hour and can we actually schedule our compute to align with that and save and use more sort of less carbon intensive electricity. We talked about a room touched on this. This is just like how do you empower energy users? You know, one of the, to me, one of the most interesting developments in the energy space these days is that you have this sort of new class of actors in the energy sector that beyond just the traditional players, you have these companies that have very large energy groups that are doing quite a bit on the purchasing side. We've formed an alliance with these other companies called the renewable energy buyers alliance that's trying to break down barriers to allow corporates just to go directly sourced to the market.  Like a lot of companies are now making pledges around sourcing clean power. And the question is can we use our market cloud and work together as a group to remove some of these barriers not only in the US but around the world. And that's something that we've kicked off here in the last year and a half. And it's super promising in terms of what we think we can accomplish. And I'm happy to talk about that in the Q&A. One example is we need to regionalize markets in the US energy markets. So for example, you need to, like one of the things we talked about we talk about is is greening the, greening the actual power grids. Well, how do you, what about changing the grids themselves, expanding the scope of the grid, covering a larger area. It lets you bring in more variable resources whether it's wind and solar and optimize over a larger distance. It also leads a huge cost efficiency. So the existing RTOs in the United States are now delivering on the order of one to $2 to $3 billion of savings a year just from being more efficient. And so how do we create RTOs in places where they don't exist now? And that's something that the Renewable Energy Buyers Alliance and others are looking at and hopefully we'll make progress on here in the next couple of years. And then lastly, how do you actually decarbonize the grids themselves? I don't know if people saw this study that came out of Colorado a few weeks ago but it really looked at what was a business as usual scenario for the state of Colorado. What was a scenario where you gradually took the coal off the grid over the next 15 to 20 years and what was a scenario where you took the coal off the grid in 2025. The most interesting findings from the study was that the BAU scenario was the most expensive scenario and the cheapest scenario was to actually gradually take the coal off the grid but actually taking the coal off the grid pretty quickly doesn't lead to huge cost impacts. And I think this is actually a trend you're gonna start seeing in grids around the country and around the world is looking grid by grid and taking really aggressive postures towards how we can decarbonize them. And with the cost of wind and solar and storage coming down, it's getting to be where you can do these things in a way that actually can make sense for customers because coal is so out of the money and so many markets. And then lastly, what do you do with the infrastructure that's already been there? So what do you do with old coal plant infrastructure? This is a picture of a site that we are, we've built a data center and actually it's just about to go live. It's in North Alabama. It's the site of an old TVA coal plant and we were looking to put a data center in the region and we were asking the utility, what are the really firm strong parts of your grid that are very robust? And it turns out that that's not surprisingly where they have power plants and this particular site had 300, 500 KV lines running out from it and also 9161 KV lines. It was incredibly awesome from a transmission perspective and a reliability perspective. So we're plopping a data center down right at that site using a lot of that embedded transmission infrastructure cut a couple of deals with TVA to source renewable energy from solar farms that are closed by and really trying to recapture the value from that coal plant. It's now been retired. They've blown up those smokestacks and we're using all the transition infrastructure including portions, that's what you're better there. So it's a super interesting way to redevelop sites. We've got another site now in Minnesota that we're trying to do the same thing at and I think looking forward are there ways we can incentivize and look for opportunities to redevelop these sites. Lastly, I know a lot of people here have probably seen this, but I love this slide. I think that the question is like, are we now in this sort of period for energy? Like we haven't seen this sort of radical transformative disruption in energy, but are we here? Because we have finally, the dog is called the car. The clean stuff is actually the cheapest option in many places and getting cheaper by the day. And so are we finally at this moment where we're really going to see rapid disruption and energy over the next 10 years? And I think we are. That's it. All right, let's open it up for questions. Maybe you'll ask the students to ask questions. So we'll then save you all the money. It's a great question. I think there are a lot of benefits. We are finding that in a lot of markets we can now go sign a power purchase deal for solar and wind as a blender with storage. That's actually cheaper than what's on the grid, mainly because of expensive coal and expensive nuclear too, which is what you can talk about. But there are also benefits to hedging power, signing fixed contracts in markets where you have variable power pricing due to coal and gas, I'm sorry, oil and gas prices. And so I think the short answer is we're still seeing, some markets it's cheaper and other markets we're still seeing premiums and some markets like Asia, it's quite expensive. Thanks a lot for the question. Energy storage, I think that's probably a part of it. What is Google doing in that area? And then the second question that I just wanted to I just want to mention negative emissions. Is Google really producing emissions for fossil fuels or are you sort of seeing that? Or are you starting to see that? So you're liking the way it sort of offsets. So on batteries, a couple of few things. One, we've done our first couple of transactions that I showed you the sort of Nevada deal. So just looking at how do we actually add batteries to the renewable energy transactions that we're already doing and we're seeing a lot of opportunities there. You're now like when you go out to the developer community and you ask for, hey, we need 2000 megawatts of solar, you're starting to see storage be blended into that. It's actually economical in a lot of places. So we're starting to do deals. We've got our first, it would be the largest corporate solar storage deal ever done and we're looking at other options. We're also looking on the technology side of like how do you optimization of batteries? Where does it make sense to put batteries on the grid? Can you put batteries in a grid on the grid in a way that that alleviates the need to build new transmission, for example. And then also data center backups. We use batteries now, like in the actual server trays, very small batteries, but can you use utility scale batteries to backup data centers? And that's another area that I think is super promising. Yeah, so you'll see more from Google this year on. You know by the standard student, what skill in that area is that you use your time, remaining time at the center. Listen to everything this guy says. You know, like I've been in this space 25 years. I used to hold out course slides when I was in the White House. It was my first job out of college and it was a slide carousel back then. And so I think this is the most exciting time we've ever seen in energy. And so I think there's like enormous opportunity and I think it's in all of these areas. So if you're interested in policy, there's a lot of work that's gonna happen with changing policies to get to faster decarbonization. If you're interested in technology, there's all sorts of things that need to happen on the technology side. And if you're interested in finance, how are we gonna build all this stuff and pay for it? So I think you follow what's of most interest to you. Which one of these areas is most interesting because there's so much happening right now that you don't need to sort of cherry pick which one you think's gonna have a future. They're all gonna have a huge bright future. There he goes. Student out there. Okay. Yeah, yeah, absolutely. I mean, almost every utility we go to now and every clean energy developer, we say give us a 24-7, give us your best 24-7 deal. So before we would just say, oh, let's go sign a 100 megawatts of solar. Now we're saying, okay, we'll do 100 megawatts of solar but what is like, we give them the heat map of our data center and we say, what's the best you can give? Can you get us to 70%? Can you get us to 85? Can you get us to 65? Depends on the site and where we are. But yeah, we're looking for it everywhere now. And back actually to the question on carbon removal, it's a great question. And I think there's a really interesting, there's a lot happening right now. Microsoft just made their sort of carbon negative announcement and I look at our sites in regions like Asia, Singapore, Taiwan and it's hard to see us getting to 80 or 90% renewable penetration in those markets unless maybe offshore or something like that. And so you're really gonna have to get into direct air capture, potentially carbon capture, that sort of thing. I have to say direct air capture, there's a mean pre-packed between law tools but I believe space is always gonna be more efficient because there's always going to be AHA. Yeah. Can I just say if you want to reboot Foghorn into a more viable company, producing carbon neutral fuel is a nice idea and it has a whole lot of moving parts and it does not fit into a single shipping. Yeah. But if you want to sell to the seawall construction market because a lot of cities all over the world and coastlines everywhere are gonna be interested in keeping the flood encroachment possibility in their near-term future. The seawall construction market for composite materials is something that uses a whole lot of carbon and CO2-chemistry.eu has a couple of CO2 to polymer projects. The one that, I like the one that's, that we'll send you an email about. Yeah, I definitely want your contact info. When we get into this space, we gotta talk to Scott. Yeah. Okay. Sure, what? Um, so in the markets that you talked about, where are you at? Yeah, it's all of the above. So in the, for example, the resource itself may not be as strong. So in very human environments, the solar resources isn't as strong as it is and the desert of Mojave or Nevada. So that's an issue. They are operating under antiquated regulatory regimes where they don't really have a good support system for clean energy. Some of these countries do have feed-in tariffs, but it's on a pretty small scale. And then also there's just not the market that's there to sort of help drive costs down when you have lots of actors and lots of projects and lots of things happening. So all of those things work together to keep prices high. It doesn't mean that we can't do it. The other sort of big limiting factors land and renewables for fire land. And in some places that's really challenging. Singapore, for example, they don't even swap power with Malaysia next door to them. They have one line I think that goes between the two and they have almost no land in Singapore other than the rooftops. But there's not enough rooftop space to cover the load of the country. So it's just those kinds of things. I think they're all solvable, potentially with other solutions. So it'll be something we look at. We're kind of going for the low hanging fruit first. So for example, solar and storage in Nevada, that's like where we're getting, it's penciling out the easiest and the cheapest. And so we're going for that right away. This is great. There's so many questions. What we're gonna do is to have like two at a time. And so that everyone gets to ask questions. So we're gonna ask them. Okay, sure. So what we're doing in this region, sorry. Yeah, it's a tough as region, no doubt. The first thing we've done is really just change. First of all, we don't have a huge presence there. So we're in Taiwan and Singapore. We've just started a building in Japan, but it's a pretty small site. So we don't have as nearly as big a footprint there as we do in the US or Europe. So it is a smaller market for us, even if the population is enormous. And what we really had to do right out of the gate is in Taiwan, we just haven't even been able to source power ourselves. And so like I said before, we weren't to change the law to allow corporates to do direct deals. And we just did our first solar deal in Taiwan and we're now looking at doing other deals. It's a little bit challenging because the resource is still pretty expensive there. And they have a feed-in tariff. And so the feed-in tariff is meant to sort of bring the market to maturity, but it's also adds an expense if you just wanna go and do a project. A project developer can go get the feed-in tariff price or they could sell to cheaply to us. So we wanna be careful about not paying too much for power. But that's an example. We're working very closely with the government there to really open up the space and allow more of these to happen and also make more land available. The government has a lot of government-owned land that can be used to develop renewable resources, whether it's wind or solar. And then also looking at offshore wind in Taiwan. Singapore is a little bit different. It's a deregulated market. So we can theoretically go out and do these deals. There's just no land. And so the big challenge there is actually importing power from Malaysia because Malaysia does have land and availability to do solar. And so that's something that we're working with the government there on now and we'll see. You had to hand out for a long time. I've been, mom and we wanna go together. It's new for us and then mom, I've been. And that's a question. Since many of these companies. So Wahilo has asked me to repeat the question. So the mic picks them up. So optimization of how we use, how our load in the data centers, is that correct? And then moving it, moving it. So yeah, wait, I'm sorry, what was? Market, market, market, market, market, market, market. Okay, so optimization of data centers. Yes, like I mentioned before that we, we optimize them so much now that the loads are pretty flat. There's not a lot of variability, but we are looking at ways to do more efficient and how we get more compute out of every unit of energy that we use. And so we are doing a lot of work around that around how we provision machines and that sort of thing. We are, there are opportunities to potentially shift compute location to location. And I think that's another interesting area that's something that we're looking at. So could you actually follow the sun? You know, or follow the wind with your compute migrating it from data center to data center. I think that's an interesting area that we're looking at. And then in terms of the marketplace, yeah, that we've done some partnerships. We did a partnership in Europe where we worked with a co-op in a local town and three other companies to do a group buy of wind deal. And there are platforms that are doing sort of connecting these corporate buyers with these renewable energy developers. So, you know, the easiest way to do that is to move towards more competitive markets where you just have deregulated markets and people can just, there'll be suppliers that are offering certain products and then, you know, the buyers can choose what they want. But it is something that we're looking at. And I want to say Goldman Sachs or one of the big banks has also done, where they'll go, they'll do a big project and then sell sort of pieces to companies. Yeah. Two questions. One you and then, okay. The source technology that you will use, is that developed in-house or you contract it with? And you mentioned vision as part of your carbon briefing. If you had your drillers, would you like more vision? And if the answer is yes, are you guys doing anything? Yeah. Storage and music. Yeah, yeah. So, what are you doing on storage technology and what are we thinking about on nuclear? So on storage, the answer is yes, mainly on, you know, optimization. I mean, obviously trying to sort of leverage the areas where we feel like we have strengths. So in some of the battery chemistry areas, no, we're really letting others sort of take the lead in that work. But when it comes to sort of how we actually optimize the use of batteries, I think that's maybe an area where we can, you know, actually have something to add. And, but I do think like one thing that is important to think about for companies is, you know, really trying to leverage your strengths the best you can. And being mindful of areas where you may not be as strong. And so I think obviously at the X department at Google has a lot more sort of freedom to experiment and tinker, whereas those of us that are actually running the data centers, we really want to try to leverage our strength as a buyer, as a large buyer, our networking ability, our ability to manage big data, the machine learning capability that we have, those sorts of things. Yeah. Can you see lithium battery technology with time quality? I'm sorry, what? Is it using lithium? Are we using lithium technology? The battery deals that we're looking at are lithium ion batteries, yes. And I can't speak too much about the battery chemistry we're using behind in our data center server racks, but yeah, we are using lithium. And then on nuclear, there are a lot of Googlers who believe really strongly in the opportunity created by, you know, nuclear power, whether it's fission or even fusion. We actually have done a little work in both areas. On the fusion side, we've actually used some of our machine learning capability to help speed up the plasma-based fusion testing. And I don't know a whole lot about that, but it's our research group. And they've just sort of working on the side doing that. And on the fission side, we have supported some increased R&D around advanced nuclear technologies in DC. We've done some work around that. And I think one thing we're worried about looking at our portfolio and looking at the heat maps is that, you know, if the existing nukes come offline, there's actually a pretty significant carbon hit. And what are we going to do about that? And do we need to keep those running a little longer than maybe we would have liked? And then how do you get new nuclear built? And what are the, you know, what do you need to have? What are those characteristics that you need to have in order to get it built? You know, small modular reactors. Everybody I talked to has a different definition of what advanced, what they think is a nuclear. I mean, your borrowers are on the line. Yeah. It's this first thing to support the guys down. We had a lot of debate around whether to call it a clean energy borrowers alliance and not a renewable energy borrowers alliance. So we ultimately decided that we're really trying to solve this specific market barrier right now that we just can't even get to the market. You know, like in a lot of places, you just can't go do a deal for the stuff that's there now. And we want to sort of solve that problem and then really sort of look more long term, especially if you start talking about, well, if you look at the utility, just decarbonize its grid as fast as possible, then everybody's buying clean energy. And so I think that's an area that you may see this group evolving into. I personally think that we need to be doing a lot more work on nuclear as a society. And that there's a lot of opportunity there and we shouldn't take it off the table. But I will say that for Google, politically, nuclear is really tough. There are countries where we just absolutely probably wouldn't be able to do it, or where the public backlash would be overwhelming. And then there's other places that we probably can't. And I think it's something that is we want to have on the table. We are looking into it. And again, it sort of gets to like, how can we really help significantly help the space? Is it by putting out an RFP for nuclear power with these certain characteristics? I don't know. It's someone looking at that. Let me just follow up on this, buyers and lines. As we all know, this problem is bigger than Google. And Google is doing it's part, but when you form this alliance together, my question is twofold. One is Google is 10 kilowatt hours. If you put the full alliance together, what is the 10 kilowatt hours? That's number one. And number two is that when you drive to renewable energy, obviously this is economically affordable. But there are issues of, I know you pushed that on trying to decarbonize the grid. And their corporations, they're obviously, as you know, very well, having lived in Washington, there are issues about social equity that comes in. And how do you address those issues at the same time, some things? So I don't know the number on terrawatt hours. We need to find out. Yeah, it's a lot. I mean, it's tens of terrawatt hours. On the social equity issue, it's something we're very mindful of. When we go and create a new buying program with utility, we're making sure that, we have to make sure that we're not getting subsidized at the expense of other rate classes. So that's one big consideration is that as you're sort of structuring these markets, you don't wanna make sure, you don't wanna set it up in a way where there's winners and losers among the buyers. And then the second question is like, how do you empower, should just the rich corporates be getting access to clean energy? Or how do we make it available for everybody? I think that's a question that we need to answer. That's a great question. Besides that, you also need to consider all your allies, members, and what you've managed on this good night. Yeah. Yeah, I don't think anybody thinks you can get to 24-7 carbon free energy without really getting smart about how you manage demand. What's the perspective on natural gas? I'm sorry? What's the perspective on natural gas? Our perspective on natural gas. Well, we're not going out and doing natural gas deals. You know, I don't like the term. That's the message. Which you'll, you know, but I think like our approach is really firstly, tackling coal and getting, I think there's a lot of opportunity to get coal offline very soon. Sooner is a lot sooner than we thought because it's really out of the money. Gas is tough. I think you're gonna start to see the same thing happening, but in certain markets, it's the only option available.  You know, it's a great question. And I know we're moving away from it to some extent. I mean, you're seeing this sort of trend where like even new building codes are not allowing for it. So, yeah. So I think it's not something that, I mean, it's something that the building team is aware of and are trying to sort of move their direction. Well, let's thank Michael for a terrific thing to discuss and talk and discuss with the students.