Your mission Patrick Beja should you choose to accept it is to host this daily Techno show with me for 30 minutes and free Jenny from the logo box in which he has trapped I don't think I'm up to it. I I'm gonna. I'm gonna not accept take what happens then you'll need it It's dangerous to go alone I already have a bigger one Hey, that's what it's good Patrick literally All right, uh, whoa iPad went to sleep wake up iPad You're upside down doesn't even know which way is up. All right ready to go Maybe it's from Australia. We have a special audio intro just for you today Patrick I pretend like I didn't play it for him already five four three two The Daily Techno show is brought to you by people with ridiculous french accents And Patrick Beja who has a remarkable good french accent Join our legion at dailytechno show dot com slash donate Oh the subreddit at dailytechno show dot reddit dot com Now Thomas This is the Daily Techno's for Tuesday, September 23rd, 2014. I'm John Merritt. I'm just recovering Patrick From Big Jim's introduction That is apparently a french accent, but you you took some prodding to recognize it. I hear Well, I guess I I knew Obviously that it was a french accent because it was said in the email accompanying the recording So do you want to hear a real french french accent Tom? Well, yeah, obviously Well, I can I can do a french accent very well And we can do the whole show if you want like this it would give a certain je ne sais quoi a flair I don't know what it is. I don't know what that would do Uh Thank you very much to too big Jim for for the intro. It's I feel honored to elicit such Skillful parody. So thank you very much. If you were to if you were to guess what accent that was, where would you guess? Somewhere in Kentucky, I guess You obviously don't know american accent. All right. No, thank you big jib. That was a lot of fun. And now to the headlines Geek wire reports on former microsoft chief software architect ray ozzy's new service called taco Not Luncheon options. Sadly. It's with an l t a l k o It lets users do things to voice calls like tag them or bookmark certain moments Record parts or all share those parts are all that are recorded share your tags Users can also share text messages and photos through the app during a call It can even do clever things like let you exchange recorded voice memos and then seamlessly turn that into a live call If you want ozzy and co-founded taco with matt pope and eric patty the app is free to use and out first for ios I usually uh, i'm comfortable loving or hating something and this one i'm i i'm not sure I think I have to try it right because I trust ray ozzy I know he makes some pretty amazing things in his career like lotus. Okay, forget that But uh, but but this sounds like it could be the kind of thing where i'm like, wow This is really changed the way I use voice, but it's kind of hard to wrap your head around without using it. I think for sure During his annual competition reports to the european union's committee on economic and monetary affairs Joakim al munia officially acknowledged that his department has asked google for more changes To their proposed search settlement at issue is that google favors its own services and search results In february google proposed several changes most significantly displaying three competing services next to its own Opponents complained that the proposal did not do enough to mitigate google's dominant position in the eu marketplace We're going to dig into this uh this a little bit later on in the show Ars technica reports the united states federal trade commission has filed a civil lawsuit against butterfly labs aka bfl Alludging fraudulent and deceptive practices the feds believe that bfl's founders spent millions of dollars on saunas and guns While failing to deliver promised bitcoin mining equipment It's pretty much just like the scams pulled off in san francisco in 1849. Well. Yeah, we'll send you your mining equipment Meanwhile saunas and guns CNET reports microsoft has set has set september 29th as the new date for the launch of the xbox one in china In compensation for the delay pre-order customers will receive two free games microsoft will be the first game console Maker to launch in china since the ban on game consoles was lifted the xbox one will cost will cost 3699 rmb that's 600 dollars without connect and 4 299 rmb that's 700 dollars with connect China is a really huge market and being there first even though the prices are very high There is a very large rising middle Class in china and that could be interesting for microsoft and given shijian pings Kind of cracked down not on not on a lot of things But specifically giving their administration has been Putting some roadblocks in front of apple and microsoft this got resolved a lot quicker than i expected I thought this would dry down at least through october Remember the tech crunch reported yesterday That apple was going to shut down the beats music service. Well, the new york times reports apple spokesman tom newmire said quote This is not true That's an uncharacteristic flat denial from apple hell. It's an uncharacteristic comment on anything from apple there To be honest, it's a fairly uncharacteristic straightforward response to any request for comment on anything for any company. Yeah. Um, well, I guess you're right there. Yeah I think they wanted to say no, but they thought that was a little bit too short That was true. They had to you know to to preda preda is not true What do they mean by that those four words? Let's overanalyze I I honestly let's look at the font and the background Probably what's going on here is that apple does have a plan to change the beats branding for the music service to itunes I said that yesterday and I still believe that today and that would allow newmire to say this is not true We're not shutting down beats. Uh, because otherwise, why do they put the beats app on apple tv? I just don't I just don't see them letting that happen That's not apple style. So I don't I don't know Android police reports microsoft announced a wireless display adapter that fits in the back of your tv or monitor And mirrors content from any maricast enabled device for 60 dollars You get a little black cable with the hdmi on one end and usb for power on the other That will let you mirror maricast enabled devices screens So it's a it's a 30 60 dollar Chromecast kind of except yeah It's it's almost twice the price price of chromecast and then arguably either more functional because it just does straight mirroring Which chromecast doesn't do chromecast does some mirroring in certain cases Or it's less functional because it doesn't have the app ability to send Video to the device and then still let you surf the the device that you're sending from you know because you're just doing screen mirror The verge reports paypal has partnered with coinbase bit pay and go coin to process bitcoin payments for some merchants in north america if you sell intangible items like music ring tones and the like through the paypal payments hub You can accept bitcoins now Cool. Yeah, although paypal is not processing themselves. So they haven't accepted bitcoin into the paypal womb yet It was disturbing how you said that The next word reports that jola's uh sail fish os phone is on sale in india now Through snapdeal.com jola has been selling the phone in europe through its own site since december customers in india will pay 16 499 rupees or 270 us dollars If they want to pick one up Two things i guess first of all rupees always makes me think of final fantasy and i was certain It was the final fantasy money until i realized it was actually you know like a real currency And uh, so that's the the the phone and the os created by the ex nokia guys, right? Yes, uh, the mego folks who left nokia Went off and and created now You did you ask your wife how to pronounce this? Because i've heard yola Yes, it is yola, but is it all right everyone is saying mojang for moyang Well, and that and and nach has even said if you're speaking english say mojang if you're speaking swedish say mojang Or he's got billions of dollars. He doesn't care about anything at this point. So i don't know anyway. Yes This is this yola. This is them That's who you're talking about excellent. We've settled that we can move on Time for a very important tech topic right right time for you would be surprised like i bet 20 of my email is about pronunciation Time for some news from you. These are things submitted at our subreddit daily tech news show dot reddit dot com If you haven't joined in go join in the fun I know there's more than 3000 people in there voting things up voting things down Submitting stories submitting articles it definitely informs how we put the lineup together every day and alan char submitted an article The wired report that at&t is offering a new bundle for $39 a month that includes 45 megabit per second internet HBO and basic cable now that alone might sound similar to the comcast and time warner cable hbo basic packages However, there is more At&t also includes one year of amazon prime Which gets you the instant streaming video the kindle lending library and the free two-day shipping take that comcast Yeah, you got any amazon prime? The the the most important thing for me in all of this is the 45 megs per second internet Which is a very good connection, but isn't there a catch there? It's if obviously if you can get that kind of speed which i'm guessing Not a lot of people can in the u.s. Well, you have to have the at&t uverse Service available in your neighbor. I can't get I can't get this package because I don't have it in my neighborhood So it's not universally available. It's good point Yeah TM204 passes along an end gadget report that google now has a new card in the deck If you search for a plane ticket in google flights Google now will slip you a flight price monitor card to keep you updated as prices change Based on your recent destination or itinerary searches android police notes that searching for flights on major travel sites like orbits or kayak Does not trigger a google now card I don't like that and anti competitive concerns Yes, siri should be allowed to voice her opinion in your google now cards All in av passes along the wired article about four MIT students going to court to defend against a subpoena demanding the source code of a project called tidbit It's a tool that was created for the node knockout hackathon designed to let website visitors Voluntarily use their computers to mine bitcoins in exchange for going ad-free on a website The new jersey attorney general claims the programmers violated new jersey computer crime laws and demanded the source code And details of its users bitcoin wallets The code was actually never fully functional though was made available for download MIT has stepped in and asked for the subpoena to be withdrawn and the electronic frontier foundation is aiding with the defense I haven't I haven't found a good reason why new jersey is subpoenaing this. I'm not sure what they What actual criminal charges they think could be levied, but they haven't charged them with anything It's only part of an investigation and these guys aren't even in new jersey But I well it applies if you're using the the browser then you can visit any Site from anywhere and I'm wondering if it's not one of those tempering with computer, you know, very wide-reaching legislation where You're actually changing the web page So in the way it could be said that you're tempering with the server that's serving I mean, I really don't know but that's the only one that I could my guess is that they have a suspect Of some sort who happened to have downloaded the tidbit app And they and that led them to just be like get as much information on tidbit as you can Let's see if we can get any more on this guy Because that's kind of the you know, that's that's been the trend is Cast your net as widely as possible for data. Don't worry about, you know Snagging innocent people in its wake. Well, they still have to to make a case for the reason why they're they're Doing that procedure. What's the the law that they that tidbit is breaking? Yeah, no That's going on in court right now. So I'm sure we'll we'll figure out more in a little bit That is look at the headlines All right, let's talk about the eu the vp for the The committee responsible for competition competition policy. That's Joaquin al-Munya In an annual competition report to the econ committee. That's the ec's economic and monetary affairs committee said that some of the 20 formal complaints Against google have given us fresh evidence and solid arguments against several aspects of the latest proposals Put forward by google and he said at the beginning of this month. We let google know that we're waiting for them to respond This is a change from february when al-Munia said I believe that the new proposal obtained from google after long and difficult talks can now address the commission's concerns So he has bowed to the pressure of the microsofts of the world Of the other search engines that have been pushing for stronger Punishments fines and restrictions on google in europe Here's what google had to propose back in february patrick Going to lay this out And then i'm going to lay out some of the objections that have come up over the past month And then you and I can make our our best opinions About what whether we think google has done enough or should do more or shouldn't do anything google's proposal back in february was that they would have results from three competitors show up alongside its own Services there'd be a label on the google services. They would be separated from search results And those links from the rival services would be comparable now on a search engine Where the links would just be services that google provides for free like maps Nobody would have to pay anything. However on a shopping search engine that google does Links from competing shopping services would have to pay To have the privilege of showing up in those top three links So it's not as clear cut as oh, we'll just always put three up there somebody's got to pay in some of these cases There were also several other Lesser publicized agreements new rules on using website content in vertical search services Basically allowing people to opt out easily from the vertical searches like shopping and maps And reviews and things like that Allowing adsense customers to place ads on sites from multiple providers rather than restricting them and saying hey If you put adsense up you can't use anybody else and changes to the api to make it easier If you have multiple ad services to administer them from one interface The objections to the google proposal microsoft says that tests showed that Even if google did this and they used bing as their test bed They said we're going to take the the provided services from the company and we put them in one area and then we put some competing services And traffic still went to the to the preferred services of the host They say that if google did this the google services would still get most of the traffic In fact users 99 times more likely to click on google services A couple other studies out there travel company ettsa argued that google would earn 330 million euros Selling those promoted links those three competitive links in those situations where they can charge Uh, and they don't think that's okay That's just a revenue boost for them and then computer scientists to hamburg university Found that 27.5 of clicks stayed within google shopping When they were presented with google links next to competing links Whereas 7.7 of the clicks went to rivals and there's also some rumors out there that they want youtube results to be covered here That they want data display covered, you know things like just facts not just search results It essentially they're saying even if these remedies go in place google will still have a dominant position in the search marketplace in europe patrick What do you think? That is a very wide question and one that's very difficult to answer In a concise manner basically when you look at i meant about this issue. Oh, oh, sorry My bad then in that case it's very easy I thought about going there as I was saying it but then I figured you have a serious show here We're running a business So google's proposals when you look at them In isolation they not they seem very reasonable They seem like they would address the e use and the competition's concerns It's like, okay, you're displaying links from Competitors and you're doing all of these things that I'm not quite sure how google could do more than this in order to To benefit the competition in this situation Then you look at the tests which might be a little bit skewed because obviously microsoft is doing it Is doing the tests. I think we might need In this case a more neutral Entity to do these kinds of tests and see if it would if they would work or not But when you look at the test results, you're thinking Well, the initial proposal seemed fair, but if it's not working Then it might not be as fair as we as we think and more importantly even it doesn't solve the problem And I think that's the key thing to remember in this issue and in this debate. It's very easy to go over this Problem and think well, you know the eu is bashing google over the head google's being reasonable It's not their fault that they're you know, they have such Performing services that they're so good that everyone wants to use them But the thing you have to remember is that under when you're you have A service that occupies so much of the market then it's not about fairness anymore The competition is in jeopardy and you have to apply a different set of rules now I'd like to go over just two numbers um to to illustrate that The reason why google is under such immense antitrust scrutiny in europe in the u.s Google's market share those numbers are from last year 2014, but google's market share is or was 68 percent now that's still enormous But it's there is room for the competition In france and in europe google's market share is 94 to 95 percent That is an unbelievable number. It means that businesses webpages All the internet which is basically everything because everything goes through the internet nowadays Is completely beholden to google with no Almost no alternative now. We might discuss For hours whose fault it is and if the competition is not good enough and all of that It doesn't change the resulting situation, which is google has an immense Majority Of the of the of the market here and that is definitely a problem where Again fairness sort of gets out of the picture and you have to re-inject Somehow forcefully possibly the the competition that is very important for an effective Open market and and Capitalistic approach to the market I think it's also important to remember the microsoft Trial that took place in europe You know it lasted like 15 or 16 years about windows Entitrust issues and that took a long time, but it was also a lot less difficult to solve basically A number of things were bundled into windows and because they had to be like a browser and a media player and things like that But ultimately the way it was solved was that you would Offer microsoft would offer the choice to the consumer to install or to Yeah, to install competitors browser. Yeah, exactly and they had silly things like Windows media player Less windows versions. So you had the same windows version without windows media player that you could get if you wanted But it was even that was very complex at the time But it was a lot more simple here the the the crocs of the issue is What exactly do we want google to do and I don't think for all the complaining and and and Laying out of the issue explaining of the issue. I don't think anyone's come up with an exact Answer to what we want google to do a lot of people are talking about the fact that the algorithm is very obscure and some EU members are saying google is favoring its own services in the Search results and of course google is saying no we're not we're just using the neutral Algorithm, but of course the only way to resolve that question would be to take a look at the algorithm Which google is probably never gonna let anyone do so I've been talking for 15 minutes. It's a very complex issue and I started out with a very anti-eu Stance on this this was almost going to be a rant now having looked at it a little bit more i'm i'm Not sure there's an easy solution or even a bad guy in all of this Yeah, I mean as far as the the report goes I mean you can look at that report from hamburg and basically say Okay, well, that's not microsoft doing it. That's that's some researchers And maybe they have their own axe to grind but 27.5 clicks stayed with google shopping 7.7 went to rivals That makes sense. What the question is what would be fair, right? If i'm on amazon and I see two products and one is like available through amazon and the other is available from a third party And amazon does this they link out to other people where you can buy stuff Even if the price is a little cheaper with the third party I'm more likely to stay with amazon because I know and trust amazon So that's my problem with this is well, of course you're going to have 27 stay with google They're at google they went to google because they like google and so they're going to stick with google And this is this is the problem with How do we decide what's fair, right? Your most compelling fact, I think in everything that you said was the google has a 98 share in the EU I think people don't realize that even within europe. They probably don't realize just how predominant that If you define a monopoly as more than 50 share, that's a ridiculous super monopoly, right? The question is what would be fair? How do we get this back to fair and I don't think fair is an equal number of clicks because bing would not agree to that Bing wouldn't say well all of your clicks have to be equal as well Nobody would the question is how do you remedy the marketplace so that people actually realize that there are choices? Is it just that google serves the european market so well that everyone else sucks? I don't think that's true, but how did they get to this dominant position in the first place? It's different than microsoft with microsoft you bought a computer It had windows in most cases and when it had windows you used ie That's just the way it was with search engines people have more portability They most of them are buying windows and probably in a lot of cases At least in the united states choosing ie Maybe this was caused By the fact that the eu now has a ballot where they can choose firefox They can choose chrome when they install a windows machine and suddenly they're using browsers that google is the default search engine Maybe google shouldn't do anything with their actual search results Maybe they should go after the market share problem and say hey, guess what google? You can't be the default search engine on all of the browsers anymore That that could be actually a very interesting at least thing to explore because you're talking about fairness and As I was saying earlier, I'm not exactly sure I think we're talking about the same thing, but I wouldn't call it fairness at this point I think it would need to be effectiveness. What would even work in this situation that is very difficult to entangle and the the effectiveness aspect is what irks me the most because google is giving different types of different proposals and going farther and farther into things that do seem kind of fair but ineffective and What irks me and that was going to be my rent is that the eu is saying no, that's not enough Do it make another proposal, but not saying what they want to get So it's a very dysfunctional relationship where they're they're They're putting google in a very difficult position By asking something without even knowing what that thing would be It's I think it's a mistake to ask google to change how they do their business to fix this Because it's google's website google should be if you go to google you should get what google thinks you should get And then the free market should allow you to say, oh, you know what? I don't like that.  So the problem is why are people not moving to other search engines more often And that's the problem. I think they need to solve for not make google send people to other search engines That that is putting the cart before the horse Because the problem isn't the search results, right? The problem is and I'm going to use this example won't work for you I actually tried it on google.fr If you do chipotle, which is a restaurant chain in the united states You get a search result for chipotle at the top, right? That's an unpaid search result But then before you get the rest of the search results, you get four reviews. They're all google reviews They're not yelp reviews. They're not four square reviews. They're google reviews over to the right You have a little info box with a google map in it and google reviews below it This is what people are objecting to is like, hey, wait a minute If this is just a search engine now, they're sending everybody within to their own google results There's only one link on this on above the fold above the scroll here that doesn't go to a google thing So I looked at bing. They do exactly the same thing You get chipotle then you get bing local reviews Underneath that and then you get a bing map to the right and that's why I'm like don't make google change This is this is actually the way people want to use the service Because if you go to ask dom they do the same thing But they use yelp reviews because they don't own a review service So they're using a third party that they made a partner with again The problem what you should be solving for is letting people shoot let the company do what the company does And let people Have a choice between search engines and if you have 98 market share something is impeding that choice I would I would argue I yeah, it's possible. I'm not saying it's not But I would come back to the fact that once you get into an enter trust situation You can't consider the company or the service that has an enormous market share in the same way that you do everyone else And that's why I think in this case it could be It could be a good solution or a necessary solution to have google change the way they do things I'm not saying it is and I think it irks me very much to have to get into google's own search results and change things But maybe that's the only solution in because of the antitrust factor. It might be okay But maybe that's why I don't think they've considered other solutions because the pressure is coming from search engines who are like Hell yeah, we want our links showing up in google. That's exactly what we want for free Right and I agree that because the ally would be having microsoft solve the windows domination problem By putting other operating systems within windows in virtual form Like that just doesn't make any sense at all. Yeah, I'm not sure It doesn't make any sense because it's not the same situation. I would say but I will agree with you that The root of the issue or at least one thing to explore would definitely be making google not the default search engine everywhere That could be something that could be very easily Addressed and that would make a lot more sense and would have i'm certain very immediate Results so if firefox didn't have google as the default search engine for example may and may and firefox is like no That's all the money. That's where we get all our money. That's how we get money, right? Yeah So it's it's a thorny issue and I agree with you that we don't know what the solution here is But I don't think the proposals that even google has agreed to make Actually solve the problem. I actually think microsoft and friends are right. It doesn't solve the problem But I don't think anybody's put forth a solution that actually solves the problem because I don't think they're addressing the right problem All right We haven't solved anything either so i'm not going to exempt us from this as well But let us know feedback at daily tech news show dot com if you think you have the solution Our calendar shows that tomorrow september 24th is blackberries see the bigger picture event in toronto london and dubai So you'll get to see the new big blackberry phone tomorrow Is also the start of derby con a meeting of security professionals in louisville, kentucky that runs through the 28th And today in 1889 125 years ago today fuzajiro yamauchi founded nintendo kapai in kyoto japan To manufacture hana fuda japanese playing cards And then later mario, but starting with playing cards I'm wondering if hiroshi yamauchi who was nintendo's president for a very long time at least in in my time Unfortunately, he passed away in uh 2013. I wonder if he was a direct descendant of the venerable I did not research that question, but I would guess likely so yeah Interesting our pick of the day comes from vance mcallister known google lover Uh, who says if iphone and ipad users want to get tastes of androids upcoming material design aesthetic And get a great news app try out google play newsstand which was released in the app store today This replaces the older currents app and is a huge improvement You can select which categories of news you want and can customize the sources feeding into it for me It has replaced feedly all together and i'm also using flipboard a lot less as well This is one google app that works well as a standalone even if you are not in the google ecosystem Fast and nicely designed and that's why i call vance a google lover because he's not just a fan boy He's recommending an ios app for you and he follows this stuff. He knows this stuff. Uh, so check it out The google Play newsstand is the new name for currents on ios and folks on android have had this version for a while But now you get the material design over there on ios, which is kind of interesting as well Yeah, I wasn't going to check it out because I checked it out a long time ago and I didn't love it when it was currents Uh, but yeah, you've convinced me. Uh, thank you. Good job very much events Send your picks to feedback at dailytechnewshow.com and you can find my picks at dailytechnewshow.com slash picks In fact, I ordered some coffee from one of my picks just this morning in the still box Uh, finally our message of the day comes from russell He was uh talking referring to our oculus rift discussion yesterday And it reminded him of a really great book called ready player one by urnis kline Which was published a couple years back russell, uh describes this story It's a dystopian future centers around a virtual space called oasis and the outside world has become a place of some misery As the population spends their quality time in a gigantic mmo Called oasis using an oculus style vr device including the gloves discussed on yesterday's show It goes on to talk about wade watts the story's main character There's some wil weaton references a core doctoro reference in there It won the 2012 prometheus award the audible version is read by wil weaton So you you got to check this out if you haven't already ready player one dot com Or just look for it at your favorite source of books and audiobooks. Thanks for the reminder russell yet. Yeah ready player one is a great predictive story In lots of ways because it's pointing down the road from ultima through warcraft to oculus Of of where we might end up. I'm not saying we'll end up in a dystopian society But the technology that he he described is really interesting It's been recommended to me on several occasions. So I will have to read it at some point.  Uh, you know, you look you do sometimes don't like things that other people like but I think you'll like this I'm remembering many movie-licious conversations suddenly, but I still think you'd like it Uh, patrick beija La ronde de vu tech and of course regular contributor here on daily tech news show So Hey, uh, what where should folks best follow you? Is it not patrick on twitter? It's probably not patrick on twitter indeed. I do a couple of french language shows, but For now, let's keep it to not patrick on twitter If you want to have more of my ramblings and I'm sure that by the time I actually leave my real job at A large computer game company I will have more to contribute in many different forms and languages So keep your you know years on the ground is the expression and for now not patrick on twitter Excellent and thanks to our patrons 4,288 folks out there Willing to give a little value back for the value they receive from the show. We super appreciate it If you find some value in the show and you're willing to give some value back Daily tech news show dot com slash donate is the place to go a couple people recently just up their contributions out of nowhere You guys are the best. That is not necessary, but incredibly Appreciate it. We've got some new milestones. We're going to be adding in there as well I let the patrons know a little bit about that So more news on that to come daily tech news show dot com slash donate Don't forget you have a voice in what stories we cover sub reddit is daily tech news show dot reddit dot com Email address feedback at daily tech news show dot com phone numbers 51259 daily And you can listen to the show live at mobile dot alpha geek radio dot com 4 30 p.m Eastern 1 30 p.m. Pacific and our website is daily tech news show dot com We'll be back tomorrow with brian brushwood as our guest. See you then Yay Wasn't there an iPhone 6 review post show thing? Yes, I'm going to I'm going to put that in the audio version post It's two minutes long So there's one of those things video viewers that you got to go to the audio podcast to get If you want to hear anthony's iphone 6 for you the other exciting thing about ready player ones It's going to be a movie Oh, is it it is? Yeah, which is optioned Is it it? No, it has a writer now zack penn And the awesome part of that is uh, he has a credit on the avengers although we all know who really wrote the adventures But it's fine. Uh, and I'm sure they've hired a team of rights gatherers. So it's definitely going to happen No, they don't have a director or a cast or anything But let me tell you something the world wants this movie and we're slightly closer to it. Definitely going to happen It's gonna happen. Sometimes you just have to have faith And this is one of those times. Would you like some titles? Let's Okay Saunas and guns Kind of writes itself doesn't it? Uh, trust us europe Uh, one that's too long, but uh, it's a little it's search engines info seek altavis to ask being hot bot like osiyahu I do like don't get your being in my google That's that's a good one Uh Sounds like a 1940s dance song. Yeah Don't put your being in my google I'm looking over a being in a google Remember it's my being Okay, that's getting greedy creepy now I Torch song about search engines. We have no being like us. We have no being like goes today. Yeah Nice I don't know it's up to you. What do you think? I guns and saunas saunas and guns saunas and guns. Yeah, I was like The Todd wait What is It's having a party in the street What I don't know. There's some loud music in my neighborhood. Oh I'm I'm unhappy Do you know that I've never agreed to the terms of service of itunes on this computer I just accidentally launched it and it said agree to the terms of service. I'm like, no I Will not You can't make me apple Although apparently the the uh m4a is still set as a default play in itunes. So I should probably change that Is there also a ready player one game like called stacks? Is this possible? I don't think so There was one when the when the uh book came out. They had their own game out It says ready player one the stacks game download available monday may 26 2014 after a year and 2000 hours of development The stacks is ready to play Go figure All right guys, I'm gonna jump off Thank you for explaining things to us Thank you for agreeing to listen to me rant for 15 minutes. That was good. Good stuff, man As always I I will thank you chat room. You are old champions in my book. Even though that's not ready player one And bye jenny. Bye tom. Bye Patrick arvois this game great Very simple game. Um Oh man Every once in a while, I wish that I hadn't read what ready player ones so that I could read it again It's that kind of book that kind of book. Although, you know, there's so much in there You could just reread it every year and find something new And if you haven't done, I don't know if you've done the audiobook, but anybody who hasn't done the audiobook Then should go do the audiobook because it's read by will That's true. And he's a great narrator every audiobook. I've ever listened to narrated by will weeden is fantastic cool Have you listened to one? I have not I've not a big audiobook person Um, well, that's a way for you to re experience the book. Yeah, that's true Although I have this dream Although it's basically an illegal dream of I've mentioned this before of getting all my friends to record a chapter of the lord of the rings Uh, and just so I can have it like it's not for sale. It's not for it's just for me Uh, you know because I love hearing it lord of the rings is one of those books that You have a whole new appreciation for when you read it out loud Which has been done in our household over the course of four months It took four months to read all three books Um, so yeah, so that's my dream Is it your primary dream? No My primary dream involves like cheesesteaks and games How is uh the your adventure Oh in skyrim. Yeah Oh, it's going very well. Um I have noticed that i'm old and my eyes hurt so I can't really play eight hours of skyrim anymore or any video game um, but yeah, it's Stunningly compelling Because I basically had to spend no time learning the controls because it seems fallout. So Um, but yeah, I'm like way in the beginning stages Uh, but it's kind of awesome Then I have to figure out what game is next what game is next chat room Oh, that's a good idea Atticus minch What is getting will weaton on dtns? Yeah, he's island accepted. We should ask him. We should ask him I don't think I've ever asked him for dtns, but usually he very nicely explains that he's like crazy mega busy Yeah, and I totally understand, but I'd love to have him All right, let me see what I can do. We could talk scotch and Guinness and hockey and tech All of the things of life My question is well, it's going to be the game that gets me to buy a playstation 4 Because nothing has yet compelled me to do so No feel This need to upgrade. I don't have a feel for what you What your particular thing is Fallout skyrim open world massive character based Unrestricted as humanly possible. Well, you might like destiny actually You should try diablo. Although that's not ps4 specifically Diablo three Diablo three for the console wide open fantasy open world Okay character based Lore lore out the yin yang lore is good lore is good. There's so much lore in skyrim I'm like my eyes are I hadn't even thought about it before you would love diablo Okay, especially because I don't get the feeling that the mechanics Of the character of the fighting are what you know are important to you Like some people are like, I don't like diablo because you're not doing as much first person shooter Fighting and I don't I don't think that that would matter.  I don't know I don't really play those games. So I have a harder time on that side Maybe if you like fought, I mean, they're generally in the same category All right Really the answer is what games genny should play is no games. No games no more games But I gotta keep my skills. That's a horrible idea. No more games. What are you talking about? Who said that? Um But yeah, I gotta keep my skills up because uh, Oculus is coming Hey, when we all get Oculus rifts, can we do a virtual show inside? Like an Oculus rift verse Yes And have everybody in the same room but different Uh, huh. Yeah, you probably could All right, let's make let's make it put that on the calendar That'll be a I think you could put that on the calendar since we don't know when the rift is we'd actually we should get a Calendar should get a dev version of the rift. Yeah, I don't know how you shoot that Yeah, I don't either and that's what I really want like what I want to know is how What's the ecosystem like the default ecosystem? For a rift. That's what I don't know. What do you mean? Well, so like is there a baseline level location you can go to or do you just play game game game? Uh, yeah, there's no there's no all they have right now is a gallery Essentially of things you can download and use the rift for but that's like saying what's the ecosystem for a joystick or your monitor Like the it's it's not meant to be someone will create that ecosystem I don't know. Yeah, there'll be several ecosystems steam will be an ecosystem game consoles will be an ecosystem PC gaming will be any, you know, I guess steam is PC gaming, but I guess I'm asking is where is my oasis Where where is oasis? Well, somebody see that's what I'm trying to say is oculus won't make that but somebody might And there actually might be more than one Yeah That would be awesome.  Yeah, I think you should you think so All right, I'm just all for I'm all for advanced notice I guess I'll make it. I guess I'll make the file public Do it I thought you were talking about the other thing of the gangs of oculus. Ooh, that sounds good gangs of oculus Sounds like an HBO show in the making. Yeah Warriors put on your heads I saw James Rimar On the one street in Hollywood or actually in LA where you can always see any celebrity anytime of the day Uh sitting there and I was like, oh my gosh. It's a guy from the warriors and I was so excited And then I resisted Screaming that in the middle of large mobile. Uh, and I thought that was very responsible of me Um, so yeah, that was exciting in one day. I saw mark ferris-deen Uh Schmidt from real girl Nice a new girl new girl not real girl.  Yeah, but I still have to do my job So I can't you're talking about the oculus you don't pretend like that's not going to be the same problem I know it's really going to be a problem I used to think the same thing of warcraft actually I was like, no if I play it, I'll never stop It wasn't true. Actually I could I could stop I well my interesting thing though is like I am not a big fan of the multiplayer Because it a multiplayer does what I do in real life, which is deal with people I don't want to deal with people I want to go deal in a world that has been created for me without other people except matt who's like do that Do that do that. No, I totally hear you um my My thing uh with with multiplayer though is like if you do It with people you know and know you like it's really super fun That's true. So you either have to treat the other player less like they're not people Or find people that you want to be around and then it's it's totally fine I mean games in which you like I can't even be a bad guy for five minutes in these games Like I can't make immoral decisions in a video game So the idea of actually trying to kill someone who was a real person and they're I couldn't do it Yeah, no, you just got to forget there. I couldn't do it. They're not people In in the video game That's not at all a problem for our society Um, anyway, so that's that's my that's why I stick to like the big online worlds that have no social interaction Unless it's with a robot Oh, and how do we feel about vince vaughn being casted in true detective with con ferrell? I Don't have a problem with that. Okay Do you Feel like that's a trick question No, I feel like I'm supposed to have a problem with that like like it's a ben afleck and batman sort of thing Well, I actually am a huge ben afleck fan and always have been so uh, I support all afleckian things but uh I actually have always been a fan of ben afleck ever since he wrote an article really really early on in his career for like Gq or esquire and he was a damn good writer and he had really good voice And after that I was like nope. He can't do any wrong Um, but yeah, I guess we'll see I guess we should trust the people who make the thing All right. I'm out of the post Goodbye video people. You are the best


Welcome back everybody. In the previous gargantuan video we ended at this slide but I'm going to start here again because it's a lot of information and it's worth repeating. There are 20 universal amino acids, that means there are 20 amino acid molecules that are found in all living organisms. Amino acid molecules are connected to each other by a special type of dehydration synthesis reaction. The bond that gets made when you connect amino acids to each other is called the peptide bond. If you attach enough amino acids to each other, the molecule you make is called the polypeptide. This is also known as a protein molecule. So your cells use these 20 different amino acid molecules to make protein molecules for you. So now I'm going to show you the 20 universal amino acids or at least their names I think. Here they are. They are listed alphabetically starting with alanine, arginine, da da da da da. All the way down, number 20 is valine if you at least do it alphabetically.  So sometimes you can just write the names of the amino acids like this and you can say oh this is the part and this is the end that has the end terminus. This is the part that has the C terminus. This was on the previous slide. But if you have 100 or 1000 amino acids connected to each other like this, even this is tedious. That's not the easiest thing to keep doing 100 or 1000 times. So chemists and biologists have come up with abbreviations for the names of the amino acids. There's a three letter abbreviation for every single one of the 20 amino acids and there they are. I don't expect you to memorize these but I will give them to you on the last exam. You'll have them at your disposal. You'll have a table or you'll be able to look it up in your book. I'll expect you to understand what those abbreviations mean. So instead of saying end terminus, glycine connected to serine connected to tryptophan, C terminus, we could use these three letter abbreviations and instead of writing that we could write n gly because glycine three letter code is gly, serine, ser, and then tryptophan is trp. And that's a little bit easier, right? If you saw that it means the same thing as this up here except took fewer letters to write everything. Even this can get tedious after a while so guess what? People have come up with one letter abbreviation for all of the amino acids. So if I wanted to write the same molecule, well glycine one letter abbreviation is G, serine one letter abbreviation is S, and tryptophan one letter abbreviation is W because T got used somewhere else. And in this case you actually don't write the N and the C on either end. The reason is because N and C are being used as one letter abbreviations. So the convention is if you're going to use the one letter abbreviations, you always write the N terminus end on the left, you write the C terminus end on the right and everybody assumes that you're doing that. And this is even easier, right? If you use the one letter abbreviation and you had to tell someone, oh I have a polypeptide or I have a protein molecule that is made of a thousand different amino acid molecules connected to each other, you would probably want to use the one letter abbreviation because it's just going to be easier to write. Again, I don't expect you to memorize these, but I expect you to be able to use them and to be able to interpret them if you see me writing, you see something like this and I say this is a protein molecule. What amino acids is it made of? You should be able to use a table like this to say, oh, why is tyrosine? R is arginine, et cetera, et cetera. So that's what I expect you to be able to do with these different types of abbreviations for the 20 universal amino acids. As I mentioned, there are 20 universal amino acid molecules. They are all different from each other, but you can put them into groups because we are humans and we like to put things into groups. There are many different ways that you can put the amino acids into groups, but I'm just going to put them into one of two groups and this is all I want you to know. There are certain amino acids that have hydrophobic side chains. Remember, side chains are the collection of atoms that make the amino acid molecules different from each other. Some of those amino acid molecules have side chains that do not like to mix with water and those are called hydrophobic. Informally, sometimes people call those side chains in those molecules greasy, but hydrophobic is more proper. Every amino acid molecule here is considered to have a hydrophobic side chain, so that's why it says hydrophobic here. If you look, right here's glycine, this is an amino acid called alanine, valine, et cetera, et cetera. The parts that all of these molecules have that's highlighted in purple, this part here, this part here, those are the parts that all of the amino acid molecules have in common with each other. In other words, they all have this, right? You can see it in all of them. They'll have this part. The part that is highlighted in yellow is the side chain. These are all different from each other. All I am telling you is that these amino acids, the ones on this page, the side chains are considered to be hydrophobic. In other words, those little parts in yellow, they don't like to mix with water very much. They will if they have to, but they're not too happy to do it. I don't expect you to memorize which amino acids have hydrophobic side chains. You can if you want, but you certainly don't have to, but you should be able to consult your book during a quiz or a test and figure out which ones are hydrophobic and hydrophilic, because this table is in your book. It's in chapter 16. There are other amino acids. All of the other amino acids are generally considered to be hydrophilic. Hydrophilic means that the side chains like to mix with water. You can break them into subcategories, but I am not going to. Every amino acid on this slide has a hydrophilic side chain. So this little bit here, these are the side chains again. All of the side chains in general like to mix with water. And again, the parts in purple here, those are the parts that all of the amino acids have in common with each other. So there are basically two categories of amino acids. One's with hydrophobic side chains. They don't like to mix with water. And one's with hydrophilic side chains. These are not all of the hydrophilic amino acid molecules. There's another bunch on the next slide. All of these amino acids are also hydrophilic. In other words, this likes to mix with water. So does this, this, this all the way down the line. And again, the purple parts here are identical between all of the different amino acid molecules. Again, please don't memorize which amino acids are hydrophobic and which amino acids are hydrophilic, but you should be able to look at these tables in your book and just look up which ones are hydrophilic, it says right there, and which ones are hydrophobic. Who cares? It's probably what everybody is staring at on this video. Probably nobody, but there is some relevance to human disease and other things, which I will get to in a later video. So we're going to come back to who cares. This is going to be the end of the video. Again, another summary slide. There's a lot of information, so there will be a fair number of summary slides. Remember this, I've said it about 6,000 times. There are 20 universal amino acids. Each amino acid of the 20 has its own special side chain or R group that makes it different from the other ones. And each different amino acid has a slightly different behavior because of the side chain. But you can put them into categories. There are amino acids that have hydrophilic side chains. In other words, the side chains like the mix of water. And I don't care about the distinction here. Just think hydrophilic or there are amino acids that have side chains that are hydrophobic. That means the side chains do not like to mix with water. You can put the amino acids into either one of those two categories depending on which amino acid it is. And again, the big point, protein molecules or polypeptides are just chains of amino acid molecules attached to each other by what's called a peptide bond. So that's the end of this video. See you in the next one.


Fluid Mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids, liquids, gases, and plasmas and the forces on them. Fluid Mechanics has a wide range of applications, including mechanical engineering, civil engineering, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, geophysics, astrophysics, and biology. Fluid Mechanics can be divided into fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest, and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion. It is a branch of continuum mechanics, the subject which modeled matter without using the information that it is made out of atoms. That is, it modeled matter from a macroscopic viewpoint rather than from microscopic. Fluid Mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research with many problems that are partly or wholly unsolved. Fluid Mechanics can be mathematically complex, and can best be solved by numerical methods, typically using computers. The modern discipline, called computational fluid dynamics CFE is devoted to this approach to solving fluid mechanics problems. Particle image velocity tree, an experimental method for visualizing and analyzing fluid flow, also takes advantage of the highly visual nature of fluid flow.


First question is from Dan Granucci. How do I put on muscle without putting on a lot of fat? I have a million dollar question. Mm-hmm. This is a secret. This is a big one because part of putting on muscle or part of the formula for putting on muscle has to do with increasing your calories, right? You want to be in a surplus of calories to provide your body with the nutrients it needs to build muscle. Now the challenge, of course, is will this surplus be shuttled to muscle or will it just be turned into body fat? And again, that's a tough question. The fact remains that storing body fat is an automatic function of the body. If you take in extra calories and do nothing else, your body very easily will take those calories and turn them into body fat. What we have to do is figure out... It's an insurance policy. Exactly. 100%. And so we have to figure out what can we do to ensure that these extra calories go somewhere else? Because remember, extra calories don't just evaporate into thin air. They have to be converted and stored into something else. Again, this is a rule of physics and thermodynamics. Now the first thing, and I'll focus on this one, that you need to do is send a proper muscle-building signal. If your body wants to build muscle because of the workout that you provided in your life, the workout sends the right signal, everything's appropriate, then those calories, or at least a portion of those calories, will get turned into muscle. If that signal doesn't happen, the default is to store more body fat. For that point, that's why I love to change my routine while I'm also switching over into like... Send the loudest signal? Yeah, so if I'm getting ready to switch over into a bulk or transition out of a cut or a maintenance phase, I also like to transition into a new program. So it's just a whole new stimulus. And that way, I almost, you know, I don't guarantee, but I better insurance that the extra calories... Is a muscle-preserving effect. Right. We'll get allocated over into building muscle instead of storing body fat. But if you're in a bulk, it's really really...  Now, if you measure every three weeks to a month, and you stretch that out long, it's actually very reasonable if you do like many cuts and many bulks in there, right? So if you run in a surplus for a couple of weeks, and then you have a two, three day cut, and then at the end of the month, there's a really good chance that maybe the scale stayed about the same, and you gained two pounds of muscle, and you lost two pounds of body fat, and you've done exactly what you're trying to do.  Yeah, wouldn't you say, I mean, drawing this out for an elongated period of time versus like trying to do a more extreme approach to this would make a big difference as well in keeping the body fat low? Yeah, and it really does depend on the individual and the circumstances. Typically, yes, but there is evidence to show that sometimes a shorter, more aggressive bulk might actually be more beneficial. It really does depend on the individual. You know, here's the truth, and this is what makes it so challenging. You don't need that many extra calories to add muscle to your body. Now, some of you might be thinking, how does this make any sense? I thought you had to, you know, dramatically increase your calories. Okay. First and foremost, if you're the, like most people, you're an average lifter, you're working out, okay, let's just imagine you're doing everything right. Gaining one pound of lean body mass in a week is a lot. Okay, that's a lot of lean muscle. That's four pounds in a month over the course of two months. That'd be eight pounds of lean muscle. That's pretty aggressive. That's actually probably expecting more than what most people can achieve, except unless you're a beginner and you get those kind of new beginnings. But just for the sake of argument, let's say that you're gaining a pound of lean muscle in a week. Now, if you do the math in terms of how many grams of protein and calories that requires, it's not much at all. We tend to think we need to have all kinds of extra calories to make that happen. Now, here's where the challenge comes from. Extra calories on top of that also, believe it or not, sends a small muscle building signal. Just adding calories when you're working out, even above and beyond what you need, also might trigger a little bit of extra muscle. And then the second part that makes it hard are the strength gains. Extra calories will make you stronger in the gym, even if you don't gain extra muscle. This is why you see power lifters oftentimes have higher body fat percentages than body builders even in the off season, because adding body fat, I've done this, right, where I'm gaining weight on the scale and I'm probably not gaining a lot of lean body mass, but my strength keeps going up. It's all the extra calories, extra energy, body fat can change leverage, make joints feel more secure. Some lifts respond better to this than others. Like, if I just gain weight, my squats tend to go up no matter what versus my dead lifts, which not necessarily. And it can be different from person to person. So this is kind of the balancing act in the challenge. Now, the leaner you are, the more likely it is that you're going to need to gain body fat just to gain muscle.  Your body may need to gain body fat just to gain muscle, because that lean of a body fat percentage for a lot of guys isn't optimal for building muscle. So also consider that. Now, what if you're really overweight?  Well, you could probably get away with not gaining any body fat and gaining muscle.  But I think the keys are this, right? Make sure you're doing everything right, getting good sleep, your workout is really effective. You're not overdoing it, you're not underdoing it. You're noticing strength gains. It's appropriate. Like Adam said, you change the phase that you're in to kind of send the loudest muscle building signal, and then increase your calories, but do it minimally. I would say probably, you know, two to 300 above maintenance is probably more than enough to get that lean body mass to come on your body. And then the last thing I'll say is to be patient. What always used to screw me up with bulks was one, you know, if I gained four pounds in a month on a bulk, that was too slow for me. Even though, even if it was all lean body mass, I'm looking at the scale going, Oh, I could gain more than that. And I would aim for twice as much in a month. It would be easy for me to put on 10 pounds on the scale in a month. Was that muscle?  So those things I think we'll give you that we just talked about, we'll give you the best chances of gaining lean body mass without putting on too much body fat.


Oh, Champs Elysees! Oh my God! Woo, these guys are crazy! There it is! On the trail, riding round and round about! Hi, I'm Lavi and this is Oli. We are attempting a new world record to become the youngest pair to circumnavigate the globe by motorcycle. Click the subscribe button to follow our adventure around the world. See you later! Good morning world! Welcome back to the channel! It's day number 11! 11! On our round the world trip! We've spent the last couple of days in this little room, laying low, doing some editing, but it is time today to hit the road again. Bumblebee has been resting down there where we can keep an eye on her, covered by the Oxford rain cover, doing great. But today we are going to be taking on the streets of Paris. So let me show you where we're going to go. So far, we have managed to make our way across the ferry to Calais, up to Dunkirk, where we then went down through the heart of the French countryside, ending up in Compiègne, where we spent the last couple of days. Today, we are going to be taking the road south towards Paris, taking on the streets of Paris. We're going to head in from the northeast, straight through the centre, coming out the southwest, where we're going to be spending the night camping back in the French countryside. So it's going to be a day of massive contrasts from the countryside to the city to the countryside again. It's going to be a crazy day, so let's go! Good morning! Yeah, good morning from the road! The sun is shining and we are heading into Paris. 41 miles to go into Paris and we're already into this beautiful, forested countryside. And it's a great day for riding after a couple of days off. I was so looking forward to getting back on the bike and getting going. Hooray! Just getting in to the outskirts of Paris. I don't know if you guys can see, but up there in the distance, we can start to see the sprawl of the metropolis. The building is coming up on the horizon. We can see that the road is starting to get busier. Yeah, you have a lot of trucks coming. Oh yeah, this is the start of the chaos! The chaos of Paris! I heard a lot of bad things about Paris, about the traffic and stuff, so you know what? The only thing to do is for us to go right into the heart of Paris, take it head on and see how it is for real. Just stopping for a quick little coffee break before we head into the centre. Okay, we're under five miles now. From the centre of Paris, we have routed ourselves actually to the Arc de Triomphe, to that roundabout right in the middle. And then we want to drive the Champs-Élysées and we want to go to the Eiffel Tower, all in a big whirlwind motorcycle tour. Yes, and you can see here quite good, like the traffic is going crazy, cars coming from the right and from the left. Yeah, but we're fine, we're navigating, we're getting in. Yes. And everything seems to be flowing reasonably well. I expected worse. Yeah. Very cool. Yeah, look at that. A café in Paris. And look at this beautiful tree-lined avenue with these giant buildings. This is exactly what I expected. From the streets of Paris, look at this. Wow, we've got just over a mile until the Arc de Triomphe. Beautiful, beautiful. I love the architecture here around. Yeah, it's really charming here, it's really charming. Very charming. Oh, this is the Paris-Farique and now we're coming into the very, very centre. Here we go. Whee! And do you know what road we're heading down now? Oh, Champs-Élysées. Oh, Champs-Élysées. I just wanted to come down that road so that I could sing this song. Nice, look at this. So here it is, the quintessential site of Paris. The Arc de Triomphe started building in 1806 and it wasn't completed until the 1830s. It was commissioned by Napoleon and it was inspired by, I think it's called, the Titus Arch in Rome. And look at it, it's crazy. And it's a beautiful arch. A huge, beautiful arch. That is one hell of a doorway. It's 50 metres high and that is all the information I have for you today about the Arc de Triomphe. For more information, please look up the Cipiria. Oh, my God, these guys are crazy. There it is, Arc de Triomphe, riding round the roundabout. Nice. Amazing. Look at that. And I've never been to Paris before. And now here we are, riding through the very centre, going round the roundabout. Now I just need to find the right exit because there are so many exits here. I think it is not this one, this one. Yep, that's it. Wow, wasn't that a crazy roundabout, hey? Oh, my God. And now after our whirlwind tour of the Arc de Triomphe, we are heading to France's most famous landmark. Yep, you guessed it. We've now routed to the Eiffel Tower. And it's only about a mile away from the Arc de Triomphe, so we are going to roll on through to the Tour Eiffel. Look, there's the Eiffel Tower. Woo! Whoa, that was sprung up on me. Oh, my God. Well, I'm going to... Oh, my God, these scooters, these scooters are crazy. Honestly, we have to be more careful of the scooters than we do with the cars. It's true, and he is just going, and he is going as well. Everyone is just going for it, hey? Here we go. Look at that. Wow, this is my first time seeing it in person. That's incredible. There it is, the Eiffel Tower. 300 meters tall. Oh, look, we can drive all the way down here. Oh, my God. That is crazy. Oh, he is like...  He is doing whatever he wants. Look at that. Oh, my God, look at this. This is crazy. Wow. Nice, look at that. Beautiful. Oh, my God. Now, I can't remember when this was built, but it's built out of steel, must absolutely weigh a ton. It was actually the tallest building from when it was built. I think it was 1890, 1889, and it was the tallest building until 1930, when I think it was beaten by New York. But there's a lot of traffic. I think we're going to have to end our world-win tour of central Paris, and I think we're going to have to start making our way out because we can't really stop anyway here, and the traffic is crazy. Coming back onto the periphery, and also, this is now the official start of the Paris Dakar leg of our trip. So that was kind of one of the reasons why we sort of came into the center of Paris, other than the fact I've never been to Paris, so I really wanted to see it. Yeah, and Bumblebee wanted to see it as well, so. Yeah, Bumblebee had never been to Paris. I had never been to Paris. So in homage to the Paris Dakar, we're starting here in Paris, and we are on our way now to Dakar. Dakar, we are coming. So I've actually been on the periphery of Paris where we are now once before, but it was actually by accident. I was heading to a friend's place in Tour in the center of France. I took a wrong turn out of Calais, and I thought, oh yeah, it'll probably be okay. I'll just carry on, I'll just carry on. And yeah, I ended up here in Paris, and I had to go around the periphery, and then take one of the exits off and go down to Tour. So that's as close as I ever got to the center of Paris by accident. So now we're heading back out. Goodbye Paris. Goodbye Paris. It's been really, really brief, but it was really nice to see these amazing famous monuments. Yeah, absolutely. It was really, really moving actually. It was absolutely crazy. Yeah, that's quite a tour. Oh man, that's quite a tour. I don't think many people would be like, oh, let's drive into the very center of Paris, but I'm glad we did. Oh, I'm missing the countryside already. Don't worry, we're heading back out now. We will be in the countryside in no time. We are back in the countryside, away from the city. We have now traveled today 115 miles, and we have 17 miles to go until our stop for the night. And we're back in the beautiful, beautiful open fields and the tree-lined countryside roads just to the southwest of Paris. But yeah, tonight we have found a campsite, which we found on Park for Nights. And this campsite is basically pay what you want. Yeah, you pretty much just rock up there. It's like some farmers who have like a field with a couple of basic facilities. And yeah, you just pay as much as you feel when you're there. But it should be a pretty cheap night after spending the last couple of days in a hotel, which wasn't an expensive hotel, but for our budget, which is a tiny budget, anything that's not camping is pretty much over budget. Okay, it looks like we're just coming up to our campsite for the night. And it's in a beautiful rural countryside setting just fields, fields, fields, fields, fields, all around in the very small little hamlet of Sécuré. So we just have to look out for the camping sign. Nice. Wow. I think, ah, he's there. Okay. Cool. Very cool. Oh, this beautiful little area. Yeah. Cool. Should we just go here? Just here. Yeah. It's fine. Okay. Yeah. Perfect. It's full of these places. Just listen to that. Yeah. The owner tells us the donkey is 40 years old. We can actually pitch the tent right next to Bumblebee tonight. We can sleep right next to Bumblebee. Yes. Oh. So we're just having a picnic at the moment with some pastries and some cheese. And just, yeah, obviously, um, forget, of course. And the croissants. Of course. Oli has been driving the whole day.  So I will set up the tent now for us, make everything nice and cozy. 15 minutes. Good evening. Snuggled up cozy and nice and close where we can keep an eye on her. Yes. We managed to drive 148 miles today, which considering we went right through the centre of Paris, I think that is pretty good going. It wasn't too hectic in the city centre, actually. No. No. Not as bad as we were expecting. Yeah. Exactly. I mean, for me, it was quite scary when we drove through the roundabout. Oh my God. Yeah. That roundabout with no lanes, just traffic going absolutely everywhere. It was pretty insane.  And it was fine in the end. It was fine at the end, but I think as a pillion is like, you don't have anything under control, you know?  Yes.  Yes. Yes. So that's it for today from us. We hope you enjoyed the episode. Please subscribe to our channel. Give us a comment and like and all of these things below. And a thumbs up. Exactly. We will see you next time.


ノーションブレイケージリジェンゼロナレッジノーションブレイケージリジェンゼロナレッジ against the verifierswho obtains the leakage of the proven secret state.So in particular,レイケージリジェンゼロナレッジis defined by considering verifierswho make any leakage query during the protocol.So the verifier can query any functionat any time of the protocol.And after the query,the function is evaluated immediatelyon the current state of the proven stateand the output is returned to the verifier.And of course, the verifier can queryany number of queryand this query can be made adaptably.So more formally,レイケージリジェンゼロナレッジis defined as follows.So for any cheating verifierswho can query any leakage querywe require that there exists a simulatorthat can simulate the cheating verifier's viewincluding the answer to the leakage query.So the simulator is requiredto simulate the leakage for the cheating verifier.However,since we consider cheating verifierwho can query any leakage query,the verifier can request leakagefrom the witness of that proven house.And then in this case,the simulator cannot simulate the leakagebecause it doesn't have any information about the witness.So in the definition of the leakagereality on the knowledge,we consider the simulatorthat can obtain some information about the witnessby making query to a protocolcalled the leakage protocol.So leakage protocol is parameterizedby the witness that the proven houseand it evaluates any function on the witnessand returns the output to the simulator.So in the setting of the leakage region,the knowledge,the goal of the simulatoris to simulate the cheating verifier's viewincluding the leakageby obtaining some informationabout the witness from the leakage protocol.And I know that in order to make surethat this definition guaranteemeaning security,we require that the simulatoratmost the same amount of the leakageas the verifier.So we require that if the cheating verifierobtain a little bit of the leakageby making the leakage query,then the simulator can obtainatmost a little bit of the leakagefrom a leakage protocol.Then in the previous work,in the work by Gag et al.,they show that we can constructleakage region zero knowledge protocolif we use a relaxed definition.So in particular,they consider definitionif it is the simulator can obtainslightly more amount of the leakagethan the verifierand they show that we can constructthe protocol under such a definition.And the round complexity of the protocolis at least omega log n.And the assumption they useis a statistically hiding commitmentwith the public coin property.And it is known that such a commitmentcan be based on any one function.Then in a recent work by Pandey,the result of Gag et al.was improved.And in particular,Pandey shows thatwe can constructleakage region zero knowledgewithout relaxing the definition.So Pandey construct a protocolusing the definitionthat I explained in the previous slide.And Pandey also improves the resultof Gag et al.In terms of the round complexity,and in particular,Pandey's protocolhas only a constant number of rounds.However,these assumptions,these improvements come with the cost of the assumption.And in particular,Pandey usesDDH assumptionand the existence of thecollision-resistant hash functionto prove the security of his protocol.So of course,the both of the DDH assumptionand the existence of thecollision-resistant hash functionare quite standard.And there is no problemof using them in practice.But however,in a theoretical perspective,it is important to determinewhat is the weakest possible assumptionto construct primitive.And in that perspective,the use of the DDH assumptionis not so very goodin the protocol,in the work of Pandey.Because the DDH assumptionis seemingly much strongerthan the existence ofcollision-resistant hash functionor one-way function.So,in this work,I consider the problemof removing theDDH assumptionfrom the result of Pandey.So,the goal of this workis to constructthe retail-religion-zero-narrated protocolby assuming only the existenceof thecollision-resistant hash function.OK.So,now let me statethe result of this work.So,in this work,I prove the following theorem.So,assume the existenceof thecollision-resistant hash function.Then,there exists a constantround public coinDK-ZGN-zero-narrated argumentfor any language in NP.So,compare with the previous work.This work achieves the same securityand the same round complexity.And at the same time,this work uses a weaker assumption.And in particular,we use onlythecollision-resistant hash function.So,DDH assumption is no longer used.And I also want to know thateven though this work uses a weaker assumption,the protocol of this worksatisfies an addition propertycalled the retail-religion-sandness,which is a soundness againstcheating proverwho obtainsunbounded amount of the leakagefrom a verify as a secret state.So,leakage-religion-sandnessalone is not so hard to satisfy.And actually,any public coin-zero-narrateis already leakage-religion-sand.However,satisfying bothleakage-religion-zero-narrateand theleakage-religion-sandnessis not so easy.And in particular,previousleakage-religion-zero-narratedoesn't satisfyleakage-religion-sandness.So,the protocol of this workis the first onethat satisfiesleakage-religion-zero-narrateand theleakage-religion-sandnesshemitaneously.Okay.So,this work uses a weaker assumptionand provides a protocolthat satisfiesstronger securityin the leakage setting.So,this is the result of this work.So,in the rest of this talk,let me explain the techniqueof this work.So,first,let me explainthe basic simulated strategyin the setting ofleakage-religion-zero-narrate.And in particular,I want to knowthat in order to proveleakage-religion-zero-narrate,it suffices to consider a simulatorwho simulatesproper the messageand prove the randomnesssemitaneously.So,recall thatin the definition ofleakage-religion-zero-narrate,the simulator is requiredto simulate a cheatingverified view,includingthe answer to the leakage-oracle,leakage query.So,the simulatorhave to simulateproper the messageand leakagefor the cheatingverifier.However,it iseasy to see thatif the simulatorcan simulateproper the randomness,then the simulatorcan easily simulateleakage for cheatingverifierby just forwardingthe leakage queryfrom the cheatingverifierto the oracle,to the leakage oraclewith simulated randomnessbeing hardwiredat the input of the function.So,it isso,in order to proveleakage-religion-zero-narrate,it suffices to consider a simulatorwho simulatesproper the messageand randomness.So,we construct a protocolsuch thatproper the messageand randomness can be simulated.Then,I constructleakage-religion-zero-narrate protocolin the following two steps.So,in the first step,I construct mainToolwhich isnew instance-basedequivocal commitmentthat satisfy not onlyequivocalitybut also a niceleakage-religion-zero-narrate property.And I construct such a commitmentby using only one way function.Then,in the second step,I use this instance-basedequivocal commitmentto constructleakage-religion-zero-narrate protocol.And I will explainboth of these stepsand let me first explainthe first steps.So,require thatinstance-basedequivocal commitmentis a commitment schemethat is based on anNP instancesuch thatwhen the instanceis false,then the commitment is bindingbut when the instance is true,then the commitment isequivocaland in particulara commitment can be opento both zero and oneby using a witnessfor the instance.Then,in this work,I constructnew instance-basedequivocal commitmentby convertingtheleakage-religion-zero-narrateprotocol of GaG et al.to our instance-basedequivocal commitment.So,in particular,since theleakage-religion-zero-narrateof GaG et al.is based on theBramed Hermitian-State-zero-narrate.All I did hereis just usea well-known techniquethat convertsBramed Hermitian-State-zero-narrate.to our instance-basedequivocal commitment.And a nice thing hereis that sinceour instance-basedequivocal commitmentis based ontheleakage-religion-zero-narrateof GaG et al.Ourequivocal commitmentinherit theleakage-religion-propertyfrom the protocol of GaG et al.So,in the next slide,I will explain this property.So,okay.So,roughly speaking,ourequivocal commitmentsatisfies the following property.So,consider athree-round protocolbetween theprover and the verifierin which theprover commit to zerousing ourequivocal commitment.And then,after receiving a bit Bfrom the verifier,it opens the commitment to Busing equivocality.Then,the nice propertyof ourequivocal commitmentguarantees that we cansimulate theprovered messagerandomness of this protocolas long as we can predictthe value of B in advance.So,I know that this propertyis not so simpleand it is not clearif this property is really niceor not.But the important thingis that this propertysay that we cansimulate theprovered messagerandomness of ourequivocal commitmentas long as we knowourequivocal commitmentjust as in thiscommit theequivocal protocol.So,this means thatif we can constructthe zerounit protocolby using ourequivocal commitmentjust as in this protocol,then we canshow that we cansimulate theprovered messagerandomness of such a protocoland so we canconcrete ourleakage-region-zeroknowledgeness.So,now our goal isto constructleakage-region-zeroour goal is to constructthe zerounit protocolby using ourequivocal commitmentjust as in this protocol.So,now let me explainourequivocalgent-zero-unit protocol.So,in our protocolwe useso-calledBarak's preamblewhich ispreamble stageof theBarak'snon-Barak box-zeroknowledge.So,the detailof theBarak's preambleis notneededfor this talkand what is neededis thatBarak'sis the fact thatafter the preamble,the pruber and the verifierobtain a statementcalled the trapdoor statementand it is guaranteedthat any cheating prubercannot make the trapdoorstatement truebut there exists a simulatorwho can make the trapdoorstatement trueand obtain a witness for itby using the codeof the verifier.OK.And I know that actuallyin this workI need to modifytheBarak's preambleso that it can be usedin the leakage settingbut in this talkI could do this fact.OK.Then,usingBarak's preambleI constructleakage-illusion protocolas follows.So,basically,ourleakage-illusionzero-knowledge protocolis theHarmistonicityzero-knowledge protocolin which the graphis committedby usingwhy-cubock commitmentwhich is based onit is based onthe statement xand also the statementto be provenin trapdoorstatementis thetrapdoorstatementthat isgenerated byBarak's preamble.So,our protocoltheproverand the verifierfirstexecuteBarak's preambleto obtaintrapdoorstatementand thentheyexecuteBrammedHarmistonicityzero-knowledgein whichthe trapdoorstatementis proved.Now,beforeshowing the securityof this protocollet me first checkthe correctnessof this protocolmeaning thatthehonestprovercan proveprove thestatement.So,actuallythatthe correctnessof this protocolis not clearbecausetheproverhave to provetrapdoorstatementinHarmistonicityzero-knowledgebutthe trapdoorstatementis forcedfrom the propertyofBarak's preamble.So,the key point hereis thateven thoughthe trapdoorstatementis forced,theprovercan stillgenerateacceptingHarmistonicityzero-knowledgeprovebysimulatingitbyequivocation.So,inparticularsincetheproverknowthewitnessfortherealstatementx,itcanequivocatein theopeningoftheourequivocalcommitment.So,itcangenerateacceptingHarmistonicityzero-knowledgeprovebyjustcommittingzerozerometricsusingourequivocalcommitment.Andthen,openthecommitmentto eitherRandompaptationofdependingonthevalueofthechallenge.So,inthis way,even thoughthetureverhalftotureproveforstatement,theproxtenceofaproticlestillfollowedstillhold.So,next,letmecheckthesoundness.And,actually,thesoundnessofourproticlefollowedalmostimmediatelyfromthesoundnessofHarmistonicityzeroknowledge.So,inparticular,sincebarakthepreambleguaranteethatthethe trap of statement is false for any cheating prover,thecheating prover have to prove a falsestatement inHarmistonicityzeroknowledge.However,sincein the setting of soundness,thestatement x is a false.Ourequivalent commitment is binding.Andso,usingexactly the same argument as thesoundness 2 for theHarmistonicityzeroknowledge,we can show that theprover cannot prove a falsestatement in Harmistonicityzeroknowledge.So,wecanconclude that there's a sound.Wecanourprotocoid sound.So,finally,Iwill explain theprover leakage inzeroknowledge.But,beforethat,let me first explain theprover sound,aprove of zeroknowledge as a warm-up.So,herewe consider a simulator whosimulates theprover's message for thecheatingbarryfire.So,thekey point here is that thesimulator can generateaccepting proof oftopper's statement byjust provingtrapter's statementhonestory.So,inparticular,thesimulator canmake thetrapter's statementtrue and obtaina witness for itin thebarrexpreamble.So,itcan generateacceptingHarmistonicityzeroknowledge proofby just committingto arandom permutationof thetrapter'sstatement inthe firstrand.And then,openthe commitment toeither the entiregraph or thecycle in thegraph byopening it,openingthe commitmenthonestory.So,inthis way,it iseasy tosimulateproper'smessage.Andas I saidearlier,inorder toprove thereakageregimentalknowledge,allwe have toshow now isto show thatpro-simulatorcan alsosimulateproper'srandomnessin additionto theproper'smessage.So,inorder toshow thatwe considerhybrid experimentthat isdefinedas aforward.So,inthishybrid experiment,justas in thereal experiment,theprover commit tothat zeromatrixusing ourequival commitmentand openthe commitmentby usingequivocality.However,inthis experiment,insteadofopening thecommitment toeither therandomtapitation ofthetrapodalstatementorrandomcycle,theprover openthe commitmenttoeithertheeitherrandompampationof thetrapodalstatementorthe cyclein thatstatement.Andyouwant todo that,theprovermake thetrapodalstatementjustlike thesimulatorin thepreviousslide.Andit is not sohard to seethat theverified viewin thisexperimentis indistinguishablefrom theverified viewin thepreviousin thereal experiment.Soall wehave to shownow isthatwe cansimulatetheverified viewequalthe leakagein thishybridexperiment.Andinwant tothat,it'ssuffice toconcent.It'ssuffice toshow thattheprover'smessageand randomnesscan beshibratedin thishybridexperiment.Ok.Andthe key point here isthat sincein thishybridexperiment,theproveropened thecommitmentto eitherthe entiregraphorcyclein thegraph.Foreach bitin theadjacentmatricofthatgraph,theprover doeseithercommitthenequivocateorcommitthendon'top.Soinparticular,whenthechallangeis there,thentheproveralwaysthechallangeis there,thencommitterdoesproverdoescommitthenequivocateifthe bitrepresentsedgeanedgeonthecycleanditdoescommitthendon'topanothercases.Thenwe observethatifwe cansimulatetheprover'smessageand randomnessofcommitthenequivocate.Wecantribiallysimulateprover'smessageand randomnessofboththese cases.Soso itremainto panscommitthenequivocate.Butthis is exactly whatthenight property ofourequivoccommitment guarantee.Sowe canconcretetheproof just by usingthenight bike property.Sothis isUTthis israthsketchofftheproofofthe proof.Sofordetailproveprove iss spinning日本 오け、okay.Solet meconcouragenightproveinファンクションand like previous workWe assume only the existenceof the collision-register functionand also unlike previous workwe construct a protocolthat satisfies bothstereo-narrativeness and soundnessin the leakage sector.Thank you so much.We have time for a very quick question.Thank the speakers of the session.