So, without further ado, I guess, Alessandro, the floor is yours. Thank you, Alex. Thank you very much for the invitation, and especially to Julian and André, and thank you, Jay, for agreeing to discuss the paper, I really look forward to hearing your thoughts. Jay has, if anything, the seminal paper on this topic, and so we haven't managed to talk about it one-on-one actually yet, so thank you very much. This is joint work with Dirk and with Tangang, who's a rising third-year student at Yale. This is a paper on information intermediaries, on data brokers, with an emphasis on information design. What do we mean by social data? We mean that data about an individual user is informative about other users similar to them. You know, we all have something in common in this webinar. We're all interested in the economics of platforms. Now the social dimension of the data drives the value of digital services provided by many large online platforms, of which I don't have to tell you about. For example, shopping data conveys information about demand for similar users. Now the point of this paper is going to be that the social nature of the data, or if you prefer the correlation in types, generates a data externality that is not signed a priori. This is not like pollution or climate change or global warming. Whether the information that Google learns about me from you benefits or hurts me will depend on what problem am I trying to solve and how Google uses that data. So this is not clear at the onset. So within this growing literature, we ask three central questions. One is, how does the social dimension of the data facilitate its acquisition by a large player? How does the market power both of the platform and of any data buyers, any advertisers or firms that acquire this data, how does that change the terms of trade in the downstream market and what is the best information design, what is the best way in which a platform should collect and redistribute their users' data? So in the interest of time, I'm not going to spend any further time motivating this. Let me just tell you exactly what the model is in all of its details, and then I'll come back and comment on sort of why is it that we model it the way that we do. And I don't see the chat, but please ask any clarifying questions at any time. So in a picture, this is going to be our model. They're going to be critically greater than one consumers, and they will exchange information and money with a single data intermediary. Information can go both ways. I can tell the platform something about my preferences and they can provide me recommendations, so that's unrestricted. The data intermediary is going to monetize on the producer's side. They're going to sell this information to a single firm in this model. This firm, call it a producer, has an independent interaction with the consumers downstream here at the base of my triangle. They sell them a product. This interaction happens anyway. The question is, how will it be informed by the data that the producer has acquired from the intermediate? So this is the map that we'll be playing in. Now, let me tell you a little bit about each of these edges. So we're going to have a symmetric distribution of the consumer's values or their true types, W, WI. Critically, each consumer does not know their value perfectly, but rather, they only observe an informative signal thereof. All we require is that all the signals are independent from all the values and that the distributions of signals and what did I say? The signals, it's 8 in the morning. What we require is that the error terms in each consumer's signals are independent of the values and that the errors and the fundamentals are symmetrically distributed. So I would like to know my WI, but I only see my SI. And so does everybody else. Where are these WIs useful on the product market? So each consumer's WI is going to be their baseline willingness to pay. What do I mean by that? That would be the intercept of their demand function in a linear world if they actually knew their type. So their realized utility is quadratic, so that WI minus PI would be their demand function if they knew their type. The producer chooses linear prices. That's a restriction. In principle, the producer can choose personalized linear prices, but they will need information to do that because at the onset of the game, each consumer only knows their signal and the producer only knows the joint prior distribution of values and signals. So both players, consumers and the producer, can benefit from augmenting their data by interacting with the information broker. The consumers can figure out what their true demand is. And of course, the producer can also figure out what the demand is and can price better. So how is the data market going to work? In a nutshell, the intermediary is going to acquire signals from consumers and sell them to the producer. This will be modeled as a sequential game where the intermediary cannot commit upfront to a policy that says how they are going to use their data. In particular, it cannot acquire the consumer's data and promise them privacy in this baseline model. So more specifically, the intermediary is going to contract simultaneously but bilaterally and independently with each consumer first. That's stage one. They're going to specify an exante payment. You can take either sign for a data inflow. For now, let's just say the broker is acquiring exante the right to observe the consumer signal. With that structure of information at hand, the broker can then contract with the producer and specify a fixed payment M0 in exchange for what we call a data outflow policy. The data outflow policy specifies who is going to receive what signal. So surely how much information the producer is going to get, but also how much information about other people's signals is going to be shared with each individual consumer. The producer is paying for this on this slide. But of course, they care about that because they care about how informed their consumers are when making their purchase decisions, their demands. So the data market is going to have this sequential structure. With the data in hand, this is the last model slide, what is the producer going to do? Well, it's going to refine their price setting ability and potentially price discriminate. So let's imagine for now that all the data, so the entire vector of signals has been shared completely, meaning each consumer reported it to the platform and the platform gave that information to everybody, all the consumers and the producer. Now, because every player in this game now will have symmetric information, they will form the same posterior expectation regarding each individual WI based on the entire vector S of signals. So the consumers will take this WI hat, this estimate, and use it to build their demand function. They'll just demand WI hat minus P. And the producer, who has exactly now the same vector or posterior expectations, will be able to charge the optimal linear, so not fully extractive, but personalized linear prices, PI star to each consumer. I'm not saying that this is what will happen in this model, but this is how the data bought from the platform will then inform every player's decisions. So having run through the entire description of the baseline setting, especially to a platform's audience, let me tell you how we think about this. So there are several special features and probably more than I can name right now, but a few that I want to focus your attention on. Well, the first one is that this is a slide from the digital conference introduced two months ago. The first one is that in the real world, we don't really see consumers uploading spreadsheets with their data to platforms who then take these spreadsheets and sell them to firms. I described it like this, but that's not what happens. And there are good reasons why the direct sale of information is the exception if not absent from real markets. Well, Aero has talked about that in 62. It's hard to ascertain the quality of this data. Once the firm that has bought it from the intermediary has it, then it's going to live forever. So it's not surprising that we don't see this literal model being used very often. Instead, we see what we call, and that Matti and Fly there were called first, the indirect sale of information. How does that work? Well, a user doesn't really upload their data to the platform. They submit queries to Google declaring what their preferences are and what their intent is. And they don't get paid, but they get quality of free services like Search and Maps and YouTube and what have you in exchange. Likewise, advertisers do not buy a spreadsheet of consumers' information, but they target their bids on, say, keyword advertising to the keywords, which means to consumers with certain traits. And then conditional on having reached them at the auction, they manage to personalize their message, their product offer, and potentially their price to the consumers they've been matched with. So a literal description of these two models, the first one is more stylized. The second one is more real. The literal descriptions are very different, but I am trying to make the point that all of the salient features of what you just saw appear in real-world platform markets if you don't take them at face value with my money changing hands and signals changing hands. Crucially, the platform enables advertisers to tailor their message to a consumer just like on this slide, the data acquired from the platform allowed seller to charge their price. And then we can talk about whether price discrimination is a right or a wrong model for this. But in order to talk about that, let me tell you about what really are the assumptions in our stylized environment that we think generalize and what do we actually want to capture. So the point of this slide was, don't take me too seriously, but for any real-world platform that you have in mind, there is an analog of the story that we're telling where the economic forces apply. And our model is easier to explain. And here are some further modeling choices that you've already seen, but that are important for what we're doing. So the first one is that information is distributed. So the seller and the platform, they don't know everything, but any information beyond the prior is in the hands of the consumers. The second is that data sharing back to the consumers teaches them about their preferences. In the Google cases, what product I like in the model here is what quantity you should buy based on what I've learned from everybody else. But there is definitely this value-generating potential by learning about myself from others through the platform. The flip side of this is that the buyer of this social data, the firm in my model, can exploit this to the detriment of the consumers. So in the model, we have the classic example of a price-discriminating monopolist, but you can think about product steering, which has curated results. You can think about election influence operations, addictive social media. There's no growing work on this. The bottom line that we're trying to capture in this paper is by data going around, consumers can learn about themselves, but other parties can, too, and that can backfire for that. So you can plug in your favorite downstream game here, if you want. Then the last feature that I want to turn you to is that I didn't have any IC constraints in the model. I said all the data trade happens ex ante. The consumer sells the right to the platform to observe their signal. That is an explicit choice, of course. And it's one that wants to capture the idea that when I'm using YouTube or Facebook, not to talk about Google products all the time, it's not like I wake up in the morning and what I post depends on what my type is. It's more like, on average, over a long period of time, I decide whether the terms of use and the conditions at which I participate are worth it for me or not. And then once I am on the platform, I act truthfully. So this is what I'm trying to get at with this. So all the contracting and all the participation constraints will be at the ex ante level, and I will not be getting into interesting screening questions about whether the consumers will report the truth or anything like that. All right. Alex, are there any questions I should feel? No, not in the chat, nothing. OK. Please, you can even jump in if you want.  Now let me tell you some results. So before I get into what the equilibrium of the contracting game is, let's talk about what the value of information is in this set. In the interest of time, I don't have a theorem for you, but this is the first result of the paper. So in this game, where preferences are quadratic and prices are linear, even though they can be personalized, the welfare consequences of sharing information are signed and are quite clear. And so we think that's a feature and not a bug. The consumer and the social surplus, as you might imagine, increase with how much information is in the hands of the consumers, and which is a feature of linear pricing, they decrease with the firm's information gains. And so we know that in principle from Bergen and Brooks and Morris that the second part could go either way, but it is conveniently going the wrong way in this model so that we have a tradeoff between consumers learning and the firms learning and the effects of welfare. These are opposite. So for example, what are some consequences? If the consumer's signals were perfect to begin with, sigma 0, which means my SI is equal to my WI, then I have nothing to learn from anybody else. And any data sharing that will occur here is harmful to consumers and to society. Likewise, even if I don't know my type perfectly, but I can't learn it from you because both our fundamentals and our error terms are independent, then also I have nothing to learn. The firm has a lot to learn, and data sharing of any kind will be socially harmful. However, if you imagine taking a nice limit where the aggregate information shared by the consumers is informative, but each individual signals becomes arbitrarily noisy and uninformative, well, then data sharing will benefit consumers because they know nothing about themselves and they can learn a lot from everybody else. So let me just, so that you have a sense of what we're working with in the paper, just walk you very quickly through to pull our cases to make the point that consumers can learn about each other in two very different ways. These are two extreme cases. If we really all have the same W, but we observe conditional independent signals, then surely if I take the average of all signals, well, this is going to W as n gets large. So if I have a large number of consumers and share everybody signals, I will learn my value perfectly. But this is also true in the bottom case where we really had independent values, but we all have the same error shock. That could be, we're all exposed to the same traffic conditions we're trying to estimate what's the fastest way to get from point A to point B. Again, here, if I were to just take the average of these signals, this would go to mu, which is the average of the Ws, plus sigma E. And that's great, because it tells me what the error term is perfectly. And then I can subtract it from my signal and get my value. So there are two different ways here in which consumers can learn from one another. And both of them would increase welfare. And now what I'm about to show you is that you will not always be able to capture this value in the equilibrium of the market. So let's get to data intermediation. Let me remind you of the timing. So all I've said so far is what the model is and what are the welfare consequences of distributing information under different information structures. Now the data market works as follows. The intermediary offers exante payments to consumers. Consumers say yes or no. Based on the collected data, the intermediary is going to offer an outflow policy, again exante, based on the consumers you signed up to the merchant. And intermediary transmits the data and the merchant charges their prices. The consumers make their purchase decisions. So I want to begin this being a sequential game. I want to begin entering the second crucial stage of the information of the data market, where the intermediary has collected some consumer signals and needs to decide what policy to offer to the producer in terms of sharing with both sides of the market and at what price. And the result here is clear and it's also very helpful who comes later. Regardless of what data the intermediary has collected, meaning they made some offers before maybe some consumers have said yes, some consumers have said no. The data outflow that they have to choose has to maximize the information value of the producer. That's clear because the producer is paying for it. But the structure that maximizes the value of the producer in this sub game is the complete data outflow. The complete data outflow says whatever information you have, give it all to the producer and give it all to all consumers. Including some that might have not given you their signal to begin with. The intuition for the proof of this is that it's pretty clear that you want to give all the data to the producer because they are paying for it and so the more data you give them, the better informed they will be, the more they will pay you. But the other part of this is that there is no gain ex ante for the platform in giving to the producer superior information relative to the consumers. If you did that as the broker, then you would force the producer to try to signal for their prices to consumers what their values are. And that's costly. There will be an equilibrium of signaling but it's costly for the producer. Instead, just give the consumers whatever information they would have learned from the equilibrium prices, remove the signaling motive and the producer will not have to be fudging with their price to deviate from profit maximization in order to convince the consumers that their W is high. So symmetric information structures are optimal and of course the best symmetric information structure is the one where the producer and the consumers have the most information. The key implication of this is that the consumer eye is going to learn the signals of others for free on the equilibrium path. In fact, off the path too, meaning whether they give the signal to the platform or not, they know in the next stage of the game they'll get a recommendation based on everybody else's signals which is sort of the maximum quality. But that is good because now we can write the participation constraints of these consumers and the producer in a very intuitive way. So let me begin with the producer. So M zero is the fee that the producer pays to the broker for the information. What does this have to equal or be less than? Well, it has to be less than N times the profit that the producer will make on each consumer. What are these functions of two variables? In each function, the first argument is the information structure held by consumer eye and the second argument is the information structure held by the producer. This is for all functions on this slide. So SS means everybody has all the signals and SI empty set, while PI of that is the ex-ante profits under no information for the producer because the consumer knows their signal and the producer knows nothing is the value of information for the producer. For the consumer, what does it have to be? Well, for the consumer, the payment MI that the platform makes to the consumer has to be large enough that the payment plus the utility that the consumer gets with data sharing exceeds what the consumer could get without signing up for the platform. What would that be? That would be no payment plus the utility that the consumer gets when they have all the signals because they're gonna get them in the firm only has S minus I because the consumer has held their own signal. So these are the two terms on the two sides and of course you wanna charge as much as you can to the producer and as little as you can. You wanna pay as little as you can to the consumer. But already from this slide, you can see that the data externalities at play. If sharing my signal is harmful to me, then I will get compensated because it will be the difference between the two U terms on the opposite sides of my participation. If sharing SI helps the firm predict some other WJ, I don't get paid for that. If sharing SI is harmful to J, J doesn't get compensated for that. So the only thing that the consumer gets compensated for is the difference in their surplus given that everybody has all the other signals, the firm included, and the difference between the case whether the firm has mine or the firm doesn't have mine. That is the marginal contribution that each consumer gets compensated for. Now with that, we can decompose things a little better and represent consumers' eyes compensation as the sum of two terms. And this is just adding a subtracting a constant. The latter term is clear, is the change in surplus associated with the whole data sharing. The first term is what we call the data externality. If you look at the first term here with a brace, it is the difference between what I get when everybody has all the signals and the firm has S minus I and the status quo. So it's really the effect of sharing fully S minus I signals. And that enters with a positive sign in my payment, which means that if sharing everybody else's signals hurts me, that is coming right out of my pocket because it's reducing my payment, the payment I get from the platform. It's even easier to see it when you put it together and you write the revenues of the platform of the intermediary, they're gonna be the sum of two terms. The first one is intuitive. This is a broker, Delta W is the change in total surplus. If they increase the pie, they can get the difference back. The second term is the sum of the data externalities with a negative sign. So again, if these externalities were negative, then the intermediary would be required to pay less to the consumers. And therefore, that's another source of profitability. Where I'm going with this very simple expression with two terms here at the bottom is that in this world with market power and externalities, the broker does not maximize total surplus and takes a cut. Rather, you can easily imagine that there will be situations in which data sharing is harmful to society, but then because the externalities are also negative, it will be profitable and the opposite. Situations where data sharing could be helpful to society, but the externalities are positive. That means you need to pay consumers even more on the margin and it won't be profitable. So let me first give you the result and then give you some examples. Complete data intermediation is going to be profitable in our world if G is the information gained by anybody under a given information structure. It's a reduction in square error with these preferences. If what the broker can learn from S minus i signals is sufficiently, is not too bad relative to what you would learn with all n signals. So another way of saying it is if signals are sufficiently close substitutes, the broker will make money. At one extreme, if all our types and signals are perfectly correlated, then if one code gives this signal out, then I have to give mine for free because they already know everything anyway. Good. So here are two examples of what we call market failures in this world. And I froze, right? Yes, your video froze, but lovely. We can hear you fine. OK. Sorry about that. So the first example is what we call common attributes. So if we all really have the same type but we observe independent errors, then if we're sufficiently informed at the beginning data sharing is inefficient because we know almost everything about our type. Yet if n is large, n minus 1 signals are almost as good as n and data sharing will be profitable. And that's sort of type 1 error where inefficient intermediation occurs. The opposite case can also happen. This is where our types are truly independent but we see correlated errors. In this case, if sigma is large, meaning consumers are uninformed to begin with, then data sharing would be efficient. But with independent values, data sharing is never profitable. The reason for that is that the firm doesn't know anything about me until I share my signal. So if you have all shared your signal, then that is the last case in which I actually want to share mine because it's like giving the firm the key to my type. So in this case, the externalities are positive. The broker's revenue can be negative even if information were socially efficient. So so far, I painted this very bleak scenario where I've kind of stacked it against the platform because there's market power on the platform, market power downstream and externalities. So nobody would have bet on the first welfare theorem. But I've showed you that in plausible cases, you can have failure of efficient intermediation in two ways. So what we do in the rest of the paper is then, let me put some quotation marks around optimal, is to characterize some dimensions along which the broker's information policy can be refined. One of them, and perhaps the main result of the paper, is one that talks about anonymized signals. So far, we've talked about a world where if I buy Alex's signals, I get his entire signal as it is. In this world, it turns out that if you give the broker the choice between collecting personal signals or scrambled signals in the sense that you know the vector of signals, but you don't know who they correspond to, or put differently, if you collect data that can only enable market-level pricing but not personalized pricing, but all those statements are equivalent in this model, then the broker will want to do so. And will want to economize on the payments owed to consumers, even though they're taking a hit on the selling side because the producer will pay less, and actually distribute aggregate data, anonymized data, call it what you may, that in some sense will preserve some of the consumer's privacy, it is still valuable for the producer. So this result has strong implications. One is that we have set up a model of personalized pricing, which doesn't really happen, or it's not like first order in online platforms today, and it actually doesn't occur in the equilibrium of our model. Instead, what happens is that prices are very responsive to aggregate demand levels because you only get market data from the broker, not personal data. So we think this is not a bad approximation of Amazon, where if all of us search for the same product right now, we're all going to see the same price, but that price varies very quickly and it is very responsive to market conditions. The intuition for this result, I sort of already said it, it can't quite be that you say, well, consumers are happy to reveal their signals for less if they are promised anonymity. I mean, that's true, but it's also the case that the producer is willing to pay less, so that's not very satisfactory. The true intuition is that anonymized signals, because the producer is going to average them anyway, are closer substitutes to each other. So the externality is a little bit stronger and you can reduce the payment over to consumers more than proportionally in some sense. Okay, so what we do in the paper at this point, I figure I have five minutes, give or take, what we do in the paper at this point is explore the limitations and extensions of this result. One thing we do is to say how anonymized information intermediation facilitates growing the platform and has increasing returns to scale within the number of consumers. Another one is, how would things change if there was no price discrimination game, if the downstream game were different? How would things change if consumers were exalted heterogeneous in a very limited way? So because it's a short talk, I get to pick and I'm happy to refer you to the paper for that or for Q&A. Instead, let me summarize the results up to now and then give you a sense of what is maybe the most platform-centric aspect of this work. So what we found is that the optimal data sharing is not complete, it yields uniform prices rather than personalized prices, but that still means we're far from the socially efficient allocation of data. The anonymization decision in our most general result that I haven't shown you is made in a socially efficient way, but not the overall intermediation decision. What does this mean? I just told you that anonymized signals are better. Yeah, that's because giving information to the producer was harmful here. So in that sense, the broker is going with the efficient thing, but they might still intermediate information anonymously that degrades to all the surplus that definitely does happen. And what I also haven't shown you is that the cost of information acquisition vanishes, but the revenues grow linearly as the market goes. So let me spend the last three minutes telling you, this is actually not in the paper or very little of this is in the paper, asking sort of a more two-sided question, which is so far we have assumed that the platform makes money from advertising. And because the platform sells information to the producer, I've shown you that consumers can expect to receive everybody else's information for free. So there's no point trying to charge them for this information sharing, they wouldn't be willing to pay for it in equilibrium anyway. The reason for that result is lack of commitment. So we can envision a different world where the platform can commit upfront to not sharing any data with the evil producer in this game. And in that case, consumers would be willing to pay for this information from others because and they would be willing to share it, there would only be good consequences of that. So let me just run a super quick horse race between two informational structures. One is the one without commitment that we just saw in the model and the other one is the first best. I mean, the first best subject to the fact that there's market power downstream. What would that be? Well, that would be give all the information to the consumers and give none to the producer. That maximizes total surplus in this game. If you can't tie your hands to not selling the information to the producer, you can't get that in equilibrium. Say you could. So let's compare what we just saw to what the efficient information structure would be. And then the question is, is the first best structure profitable for the broker and is it even optimal? So this is a picture that has to do with Gaussian distributions where we have two parameters that are new which are alpha and beta. Alpha is the correlation coefficient between fundamentals. Beta is the correlation coefficient between error terms. The two polar cases that we've talked about today are the edges where either the fundamentals are correlated and the errors are independent or vice versa. And what you will see is that the blue area is where the efficient sharing is more profitable than the equilibrium intermediation. This point up here is the case where you could not get profitable intermediation despite it being helpful because the consumer signals were effectively compliments. In that case, if the platform had commitment power they could commit to the first best and make money from it. However, if you're in this case which is the one where we all have the same type but we have independent errors, it doesn't really matter whether you give commitment power to the firm and you restrict them to doing the efficient thing because what you just saw in the equilibrium where you monetize on the producer side is nonetheless more profitable. Why is it more profitable? Because you can basically get the signals for free even a large N because the types are actually correlated. So this is a wrap up to say we focus on platforms that are sort of financed by advertising in some sense and that's a restriction in some cases of the model but it's not like giving them full flexibility to commit to these types of information structure would then remove the problem that inefficient intermediation will be profitable in equilibrium. So just a couple of concluding thoughts. The base, the starting point from this project was that consumers all had their signals and they can sell them. And if anything, the major conclusion is that giving them property rights over their data is insufficient for efficient data allocation. Why? Well, because you're not earning the social value of your input. And then the last thought is the third one on the slide. It's whatever we've said here with one interaction consumers intermediary producer in our minds is really multiplied by a thousand because for one data collection event that there is there are numerous data sales events that occur. So in some sense there's a multiplier effect on anything that you've seen here. I apologize for my anonymous talking because you can't see me. Thank you, Jay for the discussion and thank you all for your attention. I'm done.


So I'm very glad to welcome you in Göttingen. I'm very glad to welcome you in our historical library building. This is one of two main library buildings that we have in Göttingen, apart from a number of branch libraries. So this is a historical library building where we house all historic collections that are older than 1900. And we also use this as you can see and you should walk around, not now, but in the breaks. We have an ongoing exhibition about Thomas Meyer, who was a very famous cartograph and mathematician in the 18th century. So it's extensively used for very, very good exhibitions as well. I'm very glad, I have to say, that the sun has come through today because yesterday when we started a number of meetings it was quite grey. It actually was good because it was a full working day for us, but I think it's nicer if you come to a conference and you see some sunshine. So before I start, before I keep on chatting, I would like to introduce now to you Professor Ulrike Beisigl, who is the president of Göttingen University, to give a welcome to the community here, to the open-air project, and to all guests. Thank you very much, Elosa, and welcome to all participants of this open-air congress. The minister and I were just chatting and saying, we come from a real open-air event on a construction site, and so even though the sun is out, it's rather cold, so we are glad. Your open-air event is inside. And certainly my special welcome goes to you, Professor Wanker, the minister of science and culture here in Lower Saxony. As a mathematician, I think you might be even closer to the subject myself, but I'm sure you are open to the topic. I'm glad that you are here, director of excellence of the European community, Jerry van der Pül. We just said hello and I'm welcoming you in particular. So let me start, definitely with a thank to you, Norbert Lossow, who has not only organized the program of the whole open-air concept and the conference here now, but also introduced me into the world of open access, and that is, I'm very grateful for that. And the free access to scientific information is certainly that what we need today, and it's a clear aim of this concept of this open-air project here. And let me just make a couple of remarks to what our university did in terms of open access in the last years. And there I have to start, actually with my predecessor, because I only work here as president since two years. So that means in already 2005 there was a letter of the university president, at that time Professor von Figuera, he encouraged to public in open access. In 2007 the Foundation Council statement came out to continue and to step up the implementation of open access. And I think that was rather early, if I think about my university, where I had been before in Hamburg, I think we were not in the same way encouraged and we didn't process it that fast. In 2009 the deans of some faculties did a statement for open access. So there was a step-by-step process for this university, the university which is 275 years old. We have an anniversary this year, our 275th anniversary. So what do you need? You need certainly infrastructure and that is mainly provided by the State and University Library. The director you all know is Norbert Lossow. And so there it was important that the publication fund was given to publish in open access journals. There was Goh Scholar at the university's institutional repository and also the university press was open to publish in open access books. And national and international activities which were important for us, which we are looking at in a way, are the National Information Platform Open Access Net which is hosted in Göttingen used by universities, by the Max Planck Society and all other non-university scientific institutions in Germany including the Helmholtz Foundation, the Helmholtz Society, not Foundation. And initially it was funded by the DFG, the German Research Council and there was a collaboration effort with the universities in Berlin, Bielefeld, Konstanz and Göttingen. So the whole area of information infrastructure has been recognized by German Bord so to say that is the German Council of Science and Humanities. On one side there was a recommendation for the development of scientific infrastructure and information infrastructure and as a member of the German Council of Science and Humanities I had a chance to get my first lectures before Norbert Losers could teach me further on. The DFG has a position paper on digital transformation and so I think the bodies in the science bodies in Germany are certainly up to the topic. And since I learned so much when I came here and I realized how important it is to not only have the open access but to also have the suitable information infrastructure with the help of Norbert Loser and some other colleagues we developed a concept of e-research, enhanced research and we also developed a campus concept because what I need to tell you is that we have a very special situation here in Göttingen and that is that we have the research, Göttingen Research Campus that means that the university is in a very close collaboration with five Max Planck institutions, one Leibniz Institute one Hamilton Institute and the Academy of Sciences and this research campus has a council, a government body and with that we decided to go for really a big step in research and information infrastructure to have a common structure with all of those institutions, a campus structure and I hope very much that we will get money for that from the government. I know that the state government is supporting us heavily in that activities but we need more money and we need some money from the federal government and I think if we are successful with that we will be even more able to go on with what we need in information infrastructure and so I thank you again and also it's very important for us and I wish you all here a very interesting open discussion an open-air discussion, I hope that you see some air outside that you can see the sun and I have to announce one thing and that is tomorrow I was planned to be in the panel discussion and I have a very good excuse not to be there and that is Norbert Losser just last week was elected to be my vice president vice president for infrastructures and so I asked him whether he would be ready to start his office with representing me tomorrow in the discussion and that is certainly good for you because I am absolutely convinced that I couldn't have any better person to replace me tomorrow in that discussion because I am a scholar I mean I learned a lot from you but I think you are still better in discussing it so I hope you excuse me tomorrow and I wish you a very nice stay here in Göttingen


Hi there, this is Juan Zarate, Senior Advisor at CSIS. We were just fortunate to host Mike Leiter, the Director of the National Counterterrorism Center for discussion here this morning. Michael discussed the changing nature of the threat from al-Qaeda, focusing very clearly on the complex nature of the threat, noting that this is the most intense period of threat since 9-11 that the United States has faced from al-Qaeda. Could you talk about the pace in the last 13 months with the disparate attacks, attempted attacks on the United States? The pace has been relatively frenetic since 2001, and I can tell you that the past 13 months have been as intense, if not more intense, because of the variety of threats than any time since 2001. So to begin with the changing face and frankly the increasing complexity of the terror threat that we face today, I'll break that down into three semi-distinct faces. First al-Qaeda is an organization, and that really runs from about 1998 or so until roughly 2006. Second, the rise of al-Qaeda affiliates, 2006 to 2009. And then what I would describe as our current phase, self-sustaining affiliates and more of a movement of al-Qaeda, 2009 to the present. I've described three phases, but with the emergence of each of these phases, the board was not erased. This was not a whiteboard where one group was written up and we erased it and put up the new phase. Instead, each of these phases was in fact additive of the other. None of the successive phases has eliminated the prior threat. And although the pieces are connected, as I've said, they are in many ways less reliant on one another than they once were. So while I respect my friend Juan Zarate tremendously, he is often referred to this as the hydra that you can cut off heads, but you really have to go for the body. What I would suggest is at least to some extent, there is less of a body here to go after, and it is simply a multitude of heads, which again, although related, are not reliant on one another. So I'll close with saying we do not, again, have the luxury in the counterterrorism community of focusing on simply one of these threats. It is now a multitude of threats that we face. And again, they pose very different threats. And I think understanding those different threats are important in crafting our policy responses. As I said, now Kaida Corps, a level of complexity and potentially catastrophic events, which I think certainly modify my work and make me focus on that every day. Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, a lower level of complexity, a desire to launch more attacks more often, I believe, than Al-Qaeda's senior leadership, which can certainly have catastrophic effects. If Umar Farouk Abnaul-Biltaub had successfully exploded his bomb over Detroit, more than 200 people could have been killed, but then lower scale attacks, like their planned attack against two cargo planes. And on the homeland front, again, a diversity of threats which, in most cases, do not pose the same catastrophic results, but certainly can have an enormous effect on the United States, in particular events like the shooting at Fort Hood last year. The point I'm trying to get across is, of course, luck does play a part in some of these things. But in many cases, and this is what many in the public do not see, the counterterrorism community helps make its own luck. Now, again, I want to copy out all of this with the fact we haven't always performed in the counterterrorism community as well as we would have liked or as well as we should. That was certainly the case on 1225. But the system has helped us make our own luck in a way that we have again reduced the likelihood of some attacks being successful. No single tool, intelligence, law enforcement, defensive measures, offensive measures will stop all the attacks. But as a whole, they create a system that reduces the likelihood of terrorist success. And that is the luck that we are helping to make. We have to illustrate, ultimately, the futility of terrorism through quiet, confident resilience. We helped define the success of an attack by our reaction to that attack. And one of the ways that we illustrate to terrorists that their methods are fruitless and that their goals will not be achieved through terrorism is to respond with resilience. To respond with the resilience that we will move on. We will address the causes of the attack. We will hold those accountable. We will be ready to respond to those attacks. But ultimately, we as a nation, as I think we have proved ourselves time and time again, will be resilient.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaskiescasewrakes.com coming at you with 21-22 Panini Contenders basketball six-box half case pick your team to no vet commonship but everything else does big thing and there's a wax party giveaway at the end too we'll randomize everybody's names here at the end big thanks everybody here for getting in on the action if you have a little rooftop next your name like Rob and Adam up there that means you won those teams in the filler that we had basically took the remaining teams out and turned into a random team break pick your team three is from a fresh case I would love to do another I would love to another do another whole case tonight that'd be awesome last night marked that number two so you know it's from the same that's a single nice you know it's from the same case that trade Turner that Freddie Freeman going first the third on a shallow single think going back I don't necessarily like the going back to last season stat but I think that's 25 games in a row for trade Turner Dodgers home opener in the background right now they just got started bottom of the first yeah I agree Brandon I like I think even Joe Davis just mentioned it too a lot of aggressive base running a lot of first to third happening here but I dig it all right box number one couple autographs of box good luck rookie of the year bones Highland Denver Nuggets so obviously these season tickets are going to be the vet commons that don't ship think LeBron still ships though there's a few guys that still do ship and obviously all the rookies are like inserts so those those will obviously all shit it's Jalen Suggs lottery tickets yeah that that is true Terry does seem like he forgets to forgets how to hit in the postseason but we need him in the regular season to get to the postseason that's how I'll justify first round ticket drew holiday to 149 and there's Josh Cremo Pascal Siak into 249 Siak I'm going to Kevin and the and the Raptors and Zaire Williams is our first autograph for the Grizz that's going to go to Jeff and the Memphis Grizzlies won that spot no Harry this is our first autograph of the break you're not on the board yet so Michael Bush gonna play every day I well I think so oh yeah you're in Tulsa that's right and he I think he's supposed to be and there's our second autograph another Grizzly for Jeff Santy Aldama I think he's supposed to play be future Justin Turner Justin Turner is not getting any not getting any younger although DH might stretch his career out a little bit and I like the superstar die cuts there's Trey young all right so first box in the books second box yeah Justin Turner is I I would you know depending on how Michael Bush continues to continues to develop you know what's gonna happen with Trey Turner is he gonna be resign or extended there he is scoring right now you know how does Gavin Lux look the rest of the how does Gavin look Lux look the rest of the season there's a lot of question marks but I think ultimately they'll probably start shifting Justin Turner into that DH role and maybe get the younger Michael Bush to maybe play how's his glove Terry Michael Bush's glove maybe they'll put him at third yeah here you I'm watching the game right now red dirty have someone warm it up in the bullpen gotcha Michael Bush's gloves good shortstop normally handle third yeah so doctors do like do like good like defensive players good defensive players and guys gonna play multiple positions so that that'll definitely help them and we got Draymond green 36 out of 99 semifinal ticket for to moya and the Warriors Jalen Green lottery ticket card yeah it's way too early to be jumping on or off any bandwagon Terry there's a rookie of the year contender Scotty Barnes that's for Kevin the Raptors pulled him a Scotty Barnes on card autograph last night that Zion why don't what happens if if the Pelicans get win their game tomorrow and they move on to a proper playoff series are they gonna really sit that guy not would like see him a column changing the scope of that team error here is Duncan Robinson to 75 conference finals ticket for the heat Dave Rob that's Kyle Farmer former Dodger ball with eyes and we got legendary contenders Mark Eaton 2 out of 25 that is for Jeff and the jazz isn't Mark Eaton not with us anymore no he's not was it that bicycling accident or was it something was that someone else no a bicycle accident RIP Mark Eaton Jeff Lydell with the jazz and a rookie ticket cracked ice autograph bones Highland 23 out of 25 seen bones Highland play on TV a few times looks pretty good Adam Koperman with the nuggets it's got a good shot is Scotty Barnes the hottest rookie right now yeah he's up there I think him Cade Cunningham Evan Mobley I think are are still are still right up there and two of those three rookies are gonna be in the playoffs too right calves are in the playoffs you will be we'll see I think are they in the next playing game Scotty Barnes definitely in the playoffs so so yeah that that if he has some good playoff performances you know that that could really increase his stock as well yeah I'll bet he went to Oklahoma State right Cade Cunningham I think Vegas has Evan Mobley as your rookie of the year he's the favorite and then the next favorite I think is the next favorite I think is Scotty Barnes and then then Cade Cunningham third box remember the next six box break the next half-case break is from a fresh case so pick your teams and we can run up another case back tonight we've got Kyle Kuzma to 249 for the Wizards and a superstar die-cut Luka Dodgich yeah big dogs got an Evan Mobley one of one hope he's the rookie of the year yeah that'll definitely raise raise the stock there's Jonathan Kaminga had a pretty good season two and a Kwai Leonard superstar die-cut speaking of Scotty Barnes there he is Christian Wood 22 out of 49 finals ticket card for Heather and the Rockets and we've got a legendary contenders autograph Wang ZZ 55 out of 199 that is for Rob and Dallas we got a Miles McBride rookie ticket on card autograph for the Knicks that's gonna be Brian and the Knicks won that spot I love these cards here I don't know what the value of these are on the secondary market but there's Josh Giddy he's pretty popular too permit to dominate rookie card die-cut Brian Croft with a permit to dominate I've Brian I feel like you just take this around town right carry this around town and when you're dominating around town you'll be like it's okay I've got a permit to dominate you like it's all right Colin Sexton to 249 James Bonite and rookie ticket autograph Jalen Johnson for Atlanta Jesse with the Hawks that's last spot mojo 70% of the time last spot mojo hits 100% of the time according to legend we'll do a quick autograph recap at the end of this break too and we've got Greg Brown the third for the trailblazers rookie ticket autograph for Dave and the trailblazers there you go Dave on the board this Duarte for the Pacers got first round ticket Kyle Kuzma another kuz for Brian and the wizard you're a wizard Brian you got a wizard you fantastic beast movie out I think ladies and gentlemen here into that sort of thing you got Zach Levine season ticket and that contenders optic design that's for EA in Chicago Kate Cunningham lottery ticket car for Adam and the Pistons and that is a Jason Tatum for Rob and the Celtic superstar die cut I want to say in previous years at these could these some of these superstar die cuts be autographed now maybe not autographed but I think you can see one of ones of those unless they change the checklist this year but I feel like in previous years there was just the regular superstars and then you could find a one-of-one but I don't think there are any other parallels in between don't quote me on it look it up cardboard action dot com fact check me come on Walker Bueller let's let's help out Harry's Fancy team there's a yeah to an ode a cow farmer through you know to cow farmer and a cracked ice Bradley Beal 5 out of 25 season ticket cracked eyes no ink but a cool looking card for Brian and the Wizards was he scared of cow farmer I guess the broadcast Joe Davis was just saying that cow farm actually hits Bueller decently there's Kawhi Leonard superstar die cut and we got a Glen Rice 69 out of 199 legendary contenders autograph K. Sean Lakers edition I think there's a there's a nice rookie auto coming up there's a Scotty Barnes lottery tickets card yeah that's Jonathan Kaminga coming up so Kevin gets the Scotty Barnes lottery ticket card for these even those do okay on the secondary market here's it Donner's well a contenders optic design here rookie ticket auto JK just kidding Jonathan Kaminga that's for Tamoya and the Warriors not numbered but cool card here and here's Clay Thompson another card for the Warriors that's 249 there's an Anthony Davis Lakers have to do a lot of work in the offseason a lot of work to do got a Moses Moody and a die cut a Luka Donchich superstar die cut out of the inning all right last box sixth and final box this is pick your team to brand new contenders basketball just came out yesterday now there are a few new releases yesterday we had a hockey release and a football release and a lot of the attention seemed to be on the NFL yesterday on your release day so maybe today could be a basketball day go to Jasper's case breaks calm the next picture team will be from a fresh case half case from a fresh case we're where anything is possible as KG one said anything is possible I have not Tara I would love to but seems like everyone is a little little bearish on the hockey right now I feel like if we just popped open one case of that new hockey that'll get that'll get some more people on board or maybe everyone's just waiting for Jason tomorrow he's like we love you Joe but you want someone who knows hockey to break the hockey for us and what do we got here we've got Jimmy Butler Miami Heat might have been the auto for a second bones Highland again there's the auto and it's Evan Mobley nice pretty solid case remember we had the Scotty Barnes in the first half of the case some nice autos in here and now in Evan Mobley 92 out of 99 for Mark Cleveland this is for you got a TJ Warren to 149 for the Pacers and we've got a Mitch Cupcheck 99 or check that that is 009 out of 199 Mitch Cupcheck Lakers player edition NBA executive now is he still with where is he now he was with Charlotte for a second but to Wikipedia yeah I think he's with the Hornets I'd still be with the Hornets yeah current president of basketball operation general manager of the Charlotte Hornets drafting guys like this there is Tim Hardaway Jr 34 out of 249 goes to Adam and Dallas and there's Jeremy Grant season ticket parallel not numbered but parallel right there all right and there you go gang pick your team to end the books we got a wax party spot we got to give away so let's do that randomizer so let's flip back to the list right over here let's grab everybody's names from Jesse down to Brian and everyone in between let's use new dice new list and name on top after four and a one five times will be in the wax party great promo there so just one wax party spot being given away four and a one five times name on top after five one two three four and a one fifth and final time good luck everybody now sad times for a lot of people especially Adam very close man not no cigar though but appreciate you getting in happy times though for the top name you're in the wax party after five it's Brian Croft congrats Brian with the spot that you want to so there you go congrats you'll be in the wax party here's a quick little recap nice Evan Mobley Jonathan Kaminga there as well so some nice stuff here thanks everybody for watching and for breaking with us he's cracked ice and I hear Williams to start things off there you have it boys and girls I'm Joe for jashby's casebreaks.com thanks for watching thanks for breaking with us and I'll see you next time for the next break bye bye


My name is Jesse Galadiman. I'm a student of Anna University in Nigeria. My reason for telling the Financial Modern Academy was to gain mastery and proficiency of financial modeling, also to understand the metrics and mechanics of financial modeling and modeling in its entirety. Also, be at the top of my career of finance and accounting, ultimately to be a world-class solution provider to businesses and economies around the world. My experience in the Financial Modern Academy was often, principally, having seasoned coaches of the Financial Modern Academy. With the rigorous training I was taking through modeling, multinational companies, the coaches, the standards of training and techniques of the Financial Modern Academy is of course world-class and is second to normal. My expectations in the Financial Modern Academy were sufficiently met as I got even more valuable money with no regret at all. They still said I acquired radio from Texas, fast, tender and several other concepts. A good cook always dashed the vegetables rapidly. I'm sure a couple of you may not really get it, but come to the Financial Modern Academy to get more exposure and understanding of that. Financial Modern Academy is of course a most attainable for any aspiring financial expert and modeler. Thank you.


I am sure you can imagine the amount of pressure there are on the systems here in Karbala' as it caters for millions of pilgrims. Inshallah we will be okay for the rest of the show and the remainder of the nights. But for now I would like you to take this opportunity to look at the Azat. The Azat from people from different cultures, different backgrounds commemorating this holy night, the seventh night of Muharram. That in the Iraqi culture they commemorate it to be the night of Abu Fadl al-Abbas. In the Iranian culture they commemorate it as the night of Ali al-Akbar. And I believe if I'm not mistaken the Pakistani culture it is the night of Ali Azgar. And as you can see as well I'm sure on your screen the moon is commemorating the way they went back home to show the world you know wherever we are from. We are here to mourn Aba Abdullah al-Hussain. We are here to raise our voices and shout, Labbaika ya Hussain and shed a tear for Aba Abdullah al-Hussain. Beat our chest for Aba Abdullah al-Hussain. It is the seventh night which means in only three more nights it is the day of Wadaa. So again the viewers before we get into more depth of the show inshallah. Pay attention to the contact details and the ways you can message us inshallah. And the ways you can call in free on WhatsApp and the number inshallah. If you pay attention for this next clip and segment I can get your service straight after. The viewers we begin our show as always and inshallah we will always be having the opportunity to begin the show in this way. And that is the Ziyarah of Aba Abdullah al-Hussain peace and blessings be upon him. So we recite together inshallah. Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Raheem. Allahumma salli ala Muhammadin wa alim Muhammad. As-salamu alaika ya Aba Abdullah al-Hussain. Wa ala al-arwaha al-lati halat bifinaik alaikum minni. Jameehan salam Allahi abdan ma baqit. Wa baqi al-laylu wa al-nahar. Wa la jaaluh Allah akhra al-ahd minni li ziyaratikum. As-salamu ala al-Hussain. Wa ala aliyy ibn al-Hussain. Wa ala ulad al-Hussain. Wa ala ashab al-Hussain. Wa ala hamili liwa al-Hussain ab al-fazl al-abbas. Wa ala al-hawrai zainab. This is the salutation we sent to Aba Abdullah al-Hussain.   Peace be upon your companions. Peace be upon your son. Peace be upon your brother and sister. The heroes of Karbala. It is their sacrifice that allows us to be here today. It is their sacrifice that allows me to be standing here in fact, to serve them. And Alhamdulillah, I am here. And I thank Aba Abdullah. So allow me this opportunity to be standing here, to serve him and serve his lovers and the lovers of the Ahlul Bayt. So again, the view is, I am taking in your calls on WhatsApp for free. Again, free of charge. And I am also taking in your messages. Any name that is written on the Facebook, insha'Allah, will be put in the shrine of Imam Ali. Hussain, peace and blessings be upon him. The first name to have come in is Brother Ali Hasnain.  Please convey our humblest salams and deepest condolences to the holy shrines and offer ziyarat on behalf of my parents, entire family and also remember me in all of your du'at. JazakAllah to Ali Hasnain, insha'Allah. We will not forget you in our du'at. And insha'Allah, he will grant you the ziyarat of Imam Hussain very soon. You have any rizasas salam from Pakistan. Salam to Maulah Hussain and Maulah Abbas, alayhi salam. And also, salam from Zafar Riza and family. That's sister Ani Riza from Pakistan. You have sister Anam Zahra. She sends the ziyarat of Imam Hussain and she says straight after the ziyarat. Please pray that I visit Karbala very soon with my family. Sister, yes, insha'Allah, you will grant the ziyarat of Imam Hussain very soon in the dunya and the intercession and Shafa'ah with Imam Hussain in the Akhira. Message from sister Barak Hussain says, as-salamu alaykum, As-salamu alaykum Ya'aba Abdullahi Ya'aba Al-Fadda Al-Abbas. This is your night, Ya'asaq Al-Atasha sending our love and salams from Ottawa, Canada. Shows the banner of Imam Hussain is raised in every corner of the world, even Ottawa, Canada. They are commemorating these holy nights. Message from sister Zihra Rizvi. As-salamu alaykum. Please convey salutations from Sayyid Afsar, Hussain and family or how much I yearn to be in Karbala at this very moment alongside Mahmusta. Abba Abdullah Al-Hussain, please pray that you are granted the ziyarat of Imam Hussain every year. Insha'Allah, yes, you are granted the ziyarat of Imam Hussain every year. I say this to all people that tell me they wish to come to Karbala. I say it is your duty to make that initial step. Make the niyah. Make the intention to come to Karbala and all will be made easy for you. Anyone that comes to Karbala, don't think you've come on your own two feet. Don't think it's your own will that has brought you to the land of Karbala. You are hand-picked. You are chosen to be by the choice of Abba Abdullah Al-Hussain. Of course, as you remember the night of Abba Al-Fanl Al-Abbas, we have to remember his father, Amir al-Mu'mineen because he was the embodiment of his father, Amir al-Mu'mineen. As you can see on your screen, the holy shrine of Amir al-Mu'mineen, the zwar are not as much as you think because they are all here in Karbala, the millions are here in Karbala. Remembering these holiest of nights, these greatest of nights. Insha'Allah, we are all granted the ziyarah of Amir al-Mu'mineen soon too, insha'Allah. I would like to leave you for a few moments with these two, with these two screens, footage from the shrine of Amir al-Mu'mineen and footage from the Muakib and the Azaaq from Karbala. Before we do go to leaving you with those images, I'd like to take this phone call from sister Ruqayyah. As-salamu alaikum. Wa alaikum as-salam brother. How are you, sister? I hope you are doing well. Alhamdulillah. Allahumma, Allah will reward you, insha'Allah. Insha'Allah, sister, as we ask all our viewers to use this platform and opportunity to send their salutations to Aba'Abdillah al-Hussain, and to Abul Fadr al-Abbas, so the floor is yours, sister. We ask Allah to give us patience and we give truth to Imam al-Hadja and cure all the sick with Karbala. We thank you for allowing us to have this opportunity to convey our salams to the Holy Innos. Thank you, sister.  Insha'Allah, sister, you are granted the ziyarah of Imam al-Hussain very, very soon in the dunya, insha'Allah, especially on nights like this. Thank you. Thank you very much, sister. May Allah bless you. Thank you very much. So as you heard, brother and sister, the sister has called in, simply sending her ziyarah and her condolences to Imam Sahib al-Zaman, may Allah hasten his reappearance. Yes, how patient must he be to deal with the calamities of Ashura to deal with such a tragedy and seeing all these millions of mourners in his grandfather's city, raising their swords, pulling out Mawla Hussain, Mawla Abbas. What an honour it is to be here. Scenes, you know, it gives me, now I have goosebumps just seeing those muwaqib, that jelous, hearing their drums, seeing them raise their swords in the air, seeing the sacrifice that they are willing to make for Aba'ab Abdullah al-Hussain. It truly gives me the shivers. May Allah bless those mourners of Aba'ab Abdullah al-Hussain. May Allah bless the tears that fall on Aba'ab Abdullah al-Hussain. What is that tear regarding to intercession on the Day of Judgement? It is that tear that will bear witness for you on the Day of Judgement. It will say that I was shed for the sake of Aba'ab Abdullah al-Hussain. And Fatima al-Zahra will not turn someone back for her son, Aba'ab Abdullah al-Hussain. The message on WhatsApp from Muhammad Bashir says, I send my salutations to say to the shohedah As-salamu ala al-Hussain wa ala Ali ibn al-Hussain wa ala ulada al-Hussain wa ala as-shaab al-Hussain wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh As-Salamu Alaikum Muhammad Bashir I have a message from Zeeshan Ali-Khawaja He says, As-Salamu Alaikum, please convey my salam to Aba'ab Abdullah As-Salamu Alaikum, in behalf of my father Ali Muhammad please pray for us to visit Karbala Inshallah he will grant this Yareb Muhammad Hussain very, very soon to your brother, you and your family and you are able to visit these great scenes that you are seeing on your screen right now the shrine of Amir al-Mumineen and also the streets of Karbala alongside the lovers of the Ahlul Bayt Muhammad Rasul says the sound is magical may Allah reward you thank you brother for allowing us to be here through your support and allowing us to host you here in Karbala truly the sound is magical the atmosphere is magical truly unbelievable and the fact that Muharram the ten nights of Ashura I remember when we started working on what we call a takya so the moqibs base or the hub as soon as we first put the foundation one of the elders looked at me and said now that we put the foundation, Muharram is finished and now I see that yes it feels like yesterday we set the foundation and now the tenth is nearly here we wait year in day in day out for this one day in the year and now it's nearly upon us and we'll have to wait another year again for it to return I wish for it to never go we have a message on Facebook from Rashida, Monihab Salam alaikum and all Shahadaa of Karbala praise for all Muminin including my family myself and dua that we get the chance to visit Karbala and do as-salamu alaikum ya Hussein that's from the screen merchant says as-salamu alaikum ya Hussein and the children of Hussein and the companions of Hussein especially ya Abbas alayhi salam we have Zahraa Sadjad says labbaika ya Hussein simply labbaika ya Hussein all we wish to call out to the dome and to the shrine of Muminin Hussein labbaika ya Hussein ya alaitanakunna ma'akum I wish with everyone in my body that I was with you that I can sacrifice myself for you Abba Abdullah al-Hussein you have Khurshid Roshan simply says masha'Allah may Allah bless you thank you may Allah bless you too insha'Allah you have granted the visit of Muminin Hussein sister Nahia says as-salamu alaykum Ya Mawla Hussein she has a message in Urdu unfortunately I cannot read Urdu pray for me insha'Allah soon I can learn this great language so sister insha'Allah As-salamu alaykum Abdullah reaches Mirza Musadab says labbaika Hussein labbaika Abbas labbaika ya Zaynab as-salamu alaykum Diwal Futa says salam ya Imam insha'Allah you have granted the visit of Karbala very soon so you can send your salam in person here in the whole land of Karbala this is the night of Abba Abdullah al-Abbas mainly remembered in the Arabic of the Iraqi culture for all the market that came out today all had poetry about Abbas earlier today we had our own re-enactment of Abbas going into battle before Maghrib we set out we arrived at the door of Abbas prayed that Maghrib as soon as the city went dark that was it, that was the night of Abba Abdullah al-Abbas so we entered the shrine with our drums with our re-enactment who played the role of Abbal Abbas on a horse dressed for battle prepared with the lines of Abbas Abu Fadil peace and blessings be upon him what a sight it was I wish that you were over to see the heartbreaking moment where he asks Abba Abdullah al-Hussain in front of the shrine after you hear in the background the screams of Sakina the screams of the children calling out, Uncle Abbas would you bring us some water Uncle Abbas would you bring us some water, we are dying from thirst and you hear the reply of Abbal Fadil Abbas to Imam al-Hussain he says to him, I know you will not allow me to go fight but allow me to go get the water and allow me to be the quanchor of thirst he swears by Allah if they cut off his right and they cut off his left he will not leave his duties and he did not leave his duties he did not leave after the cutting of his arms after an arrow in his eye after an arrow in the water the water patch he still did not leave he still strived to bring the water back to the tents the sacrifices of Abbal Fadil Abbas on your screens now you can see the lovers of the Ahlul Babes they are Azeri Turks they do this traditionally with swords and they will in sha Allah change the wooden sticks they have now to sword over the coming nights but for now they have wooden sticks and they swing them up and down and they represent themselves going into battle while the reciter the Nooh Haqoon who is out poaching Abbal Fadil Abbas and Imam Hussein so the coming nights in sha Allah they will change the wooden sticks to swords and use those swords to shed their blood and sacrifice to Imam Hussein and they have Ashgurat in sha Allah you can see the the way they have arranged their azah in such a beautiful way I wish I was between them now in sha Allah I will join them off the show and I pray that you are all granted the opportunity to come to Karbala on nights like this so you are granted a chance to mourn alongside these brothers and the others in sha Allah but for now I would like to leave you with footage of Karbala on the sites of the domes of Abbal Abbas and Abbal Fadil Abbas I hope that during these moments these atmospheric scenes they allowed you to shed a tear perhaps one tear for Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein knowing the tragedy of Karbala and keeping in your mind that this night is dedicated to commemorate Imam Hussein's death and keeping in your mind that this night is dedicated to commemorate Abbal Fadil Abbas's sacrifice of course it's too hard for us during one day to commemorate all the martyrs and all those who died in Karbala so it became a tradition to mourn over the month and more specifically the first 10 days where we dedicate a day for each figure and tonight in the Arab culture it is Abbal Fadil Abbas as I mentioned so this night as a night where we mend our our issues our sensitivities with our brothers in the community and our sisters in the community for the sake of the brotherhood that Abbal Fadil Abbas showed on the day of Ashwara to show to show Abbal Fadil Abbas that I was with you me wishing I was there with him doesn't just mean I wish I was there and not pay attention to what you did or not learn from your actions no it means that even today I learned from your sacrifices I learned from the lessons you taught me the lessons of brotherhood the lessons of sacrifice the lessons of honor and dignity the honor of chivalry these are the lessons that we take from Abbal Fadil Abbas and I am blessed that I am standing now next to the dome of Abbal Fadil Abbas only a few meters away from me what an honor it is to be here speaking on his sacrifices speaking on what he had done and inshallah I hope I wish I can make such sacrifices I wish that from the lessons that he taught us during the day of Ashwara I can also make such sacrifices I can also protect the dignity of the woman in our society in our community I wish I can mend all broken relationships in my brothers fix all the broken friendships I will try to honor Abbal Fadil Abbas for those who have siblings, sisters or brothers look at how Abbal Fadil Abbas took care of his sister Zainab look how he would not let her out of his sight their whole lives until Karbala and the moon of the Hashemites fell look at his relationship with Imam Al-Hasan the rage the anger that overcame him when he saw the arrows showering on the coffin of Imam Al-Hasan look at how he wished to sacrifice everything for Abba Abdullah Al-Hasan his brother on the day of Ashwara these are the lessons we need to take as I mentioned on the first show of the lessons of Ashwara what happened in Ashwara is not just a tear it's a tear and a lesson so as much as we try to learn the lessons of Abbal Fadil Abbas and Imam Al-Hasan and the sacrifices made as much as we try to hold on to those teachings at the same time we must mourn and shed a tear we must beat our chest in one of that chest that was crushed by the hooves of the horses we must strike our back with chains in honor of the backs that were struck with the whips how can Sayyidna Zaynab be whipped by the whips of the enemy how can the children how can they be whipped by the enemies of Allah and I not put my chest in honor of those chests or put my back in honor of those backs that were whipped how can I not shed blood for Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein and Sayyid Al-Rakiyya died on the head of Hafadah and he told me these red lines there is no red lines when it comes to Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein may my not just my blood may my life be a sacrifice for Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein the same way Sayyid Al-Rakiyya died on the head of Hafadah the same way how can I not shed blood for Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein I shall cry for you blood instead of tears I wish I could be in that position I can sacrifice everything for Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein my master the one who gave me the honor and the privilege to be here to serve in his city the one who allowed me to be the son of Karbala Alhamdulillah I am the son of the city and I am raised in the service of Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein I'd like to again leave you with footage from the streets of Karbala as the monas begin to enter the shrine of Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein we'd like to catch a glimpse of the last of the monas of Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein truly unbelievable scenes we see here in Karbala I can't take looking at these scenes while I am here I can see the pilgrims mourning I can see the black not just in their clothes but in their acting the way they hold themselves they are all in grief I can't imagine what you day viewers must be feeling from your homes please call in you can call in free of charge on the number on the screen the number on the link the whatsapp number call in free of charge I know you wish to be here in Karbala send your salams to Imam Al-Hussein there is a platform for you day viewers and I am here to be at your service inshallah so please day viewers use this platform to send your salutations to the Imam Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein and to Abba Abdul Abbas be upon him message from Abbas Yassin from Abbas Yassin family Joyce Hussein says Salam Ya Hussein Salam Ya Abbas peace and blessings be upon them Zina Ma'eel says Salam Ya Hussein I love you my mullah this love that you have for Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein channel it into action channel it into service into khidmah serve Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein serve the love of Imam Al-Hussein there is one Fatima Hussein says Salam all Ya Abba Abdullah Al-Hussein An Ya Qamar Bani Hashem Abba Al-Fadil Abbas I am eagerly waiting for your visit call me so I can come soon inshallah sister you make the intention of coming to Karbala and Abba Abdullah will not let you down he will accommodate inshallah just make the pure intention of coming and he will accommodate inshallah and we can also be at your service here from the whole land of Karbala have an Arabic message from Arsaita Salim who was a refugee in a so called jungle in France and he made it to the UK and when I met this dear brother in the camp he was telling me how he used to recite back in Nasaria in Iraq and there is no way for him to recite anymore he feels like if he comes to UK he will lose that platform so a few brothers may Allah bless them from South London they went to Calais after hearing this they went to Calais they bought a huge tent turned into Husaynia in the refugee camp and the brothers started to recite they started holding Majlis of Ashwara Majlis of Fatamiya in the refugee camp until they were allowed the passage of travelling across into the UK so this brother is asking me to pray for Abba Abdullah to grant him the blessings before allowing him to recite on his pulpits we are reaching the end of our show and our brothers and sisters I'd hate to leave you like this but what I'm going to do is I'm going to leave you the footage from the streets of Karbala from the shrine of Abbas Imam Hussein inshallah you can tune in every night same time where I can be at your service service here from Karbala so until next time Assalamu Alaikum


Hey guys we're here at P&E in Vancouver you can see the roller coasters in background and a big drop over there all sorts of fun stuff so roller coasters most people think the word fear right so in this video we want to talk about fear and how to deal with your fear how to overcome your fear especially specifically in your business or in your career so stay tuned. Hey we're back we're at the Will Fan and I'm David Wong on the Will and David show and today we're going to talk about fear so one of the hardest things to do from a lot of people when they start in business is networking and if you're talking about networking you have the king of networking here both fan I don't know how many people he's a network with probably thousands and thousands of thousands okay and at first how did you feel about networking were you scared of an everything you know my first time when I network I realized that it there was certain urgency there was also certain courage I got to develop and what that really is is to confront it right we have to confront why why do we need network you know some people need network because they need connections they need to find clients you know they need to find some resources right so wherever it may be it really depends on your why and I really think that a lot of people are afraid to network is because yeah like people are afraid to talk to other people because they don't know each other like who are you you're like a stranger you have nothing right how did you overcome your fear you know what how to do was I put on a suit so it started with a suit you know I made sure that I had a business card even at the time you know I business now very established or it's very small right so what you have to do was I had to go in there being a profession right I'm going in there and my only role is a marketer right I go in there as a marketing director or thinker whatever it is you know creative designer so I go in there with a certain profession back then if people network and people ask you like okay what do you do say what do you do well if they don't know you know there's a big problem right I think that the most important thing is start by developing credibility your communication skill and then that will also lead to sales skills as well right so you have all these three when you go into a networking event to be well prepared because people ask you extremely difficult questions and also meet the right guys or the wrong people they can go in and try to oppose what you're trying to do and then they make things literally make fun of you from there right so I think based on what will said like some tips you can get is number one is dress well dress your best so you know spend some money on a nice suit okay don't go to the bay and just buy any suit that doesn't fit okay fit and then a cut is more important than the suit itself okay if you have limited amount of money to spend make sure that you get it tell you well tailored well so that it fits your body well okay that's very key if you have the money to invest in a really good suit then take a look at garrison okay go to garrison visible and this name thank you for Vancouver okay and they can make you like a Superman suit basically yeah number two is to have a script like will said people are going to ask you questions about your business about what you do first one a very common question hey so what do you do what business are you in right so if you don't have a short answer for that like right let's say you can say that in 10 seconds and then that would that would you know encapsulate exactly what you do then you're screwed right if you like I don't know what you do right and then you're stumbling then you know I'm gonna write you out right away so make sure you have a good script you have at least a 10 second script and then you have a 30 seconds great so you have a short version 10 second script what do you do you say I do blah blah blah blah and in this industry and my specialty is blah blah blah there's your 10 second script right there okay well you can do a 30 second script is what they if they show more interest and they're like oh that's very interesting tell me more about that then you say your 30 second script and then you want to ask the other person about their business you want to show interest right when the first book I had read was how to win friends and influence people like they'll turn it okay so if you want to influence people be generally interested in other people and ask them questions and find out about them right so that's that's how I do it personally yeah that's right you have to find what you like for the person and what they agree on right and once you have that you establish communication you establish what's real with each other right so you don't necessarily talk about your business first I always say make that the person who is being introduced into you make that person more important than you so back to the topic about fear when you go to a place where everybody's higher level than you they're like superstars or they're billionaires right how do you network with them like you just nobody you're just starting out like what gives you the the right or the good spot to welcome to them and say hello and well so the advantage is someone let's let's start with a billion this go all the way to the top right and kind of start from there so the probably the most easiest thing that I've I've done personally myself when I meet these people at this caliber is that they genuinely want real friends right and that's what they want like they have they made or all their money they don't need you to tell them what to do they don't need you to sell them or tell them what's possible they already are extremely rich right some of them might be more driven in the out than others right some of them say yeah I want to make more money then great you have the greatest collaboration you never find somebody that actually will work with you and it's billionaire but for most people they're very sensitive they don't know who you are or whatever right so the best thing to do is one be a friend right stop sell them shit right you know stop trying to remind them like all these things that you're trying to do and blah blah blah right they they are kind of at this point wanting to kind of slow down a bit meaning like they already were so hard they don't need you to tell them to work harder and and push it on upon them right so the most important thing I think how to get over that next barrier is actually they don't have much time they're very successful people like that they always travel they can probably you're gonna be lucky if they can have at least one day with you okay if you have one day with them you're in the door you better know what to you like what to do and utilize those time as efficiently as possible because whatever you say or do will make an impact in that impression so so how do you get over the fear of talking to people I think first you need to practice right I know this cheesy but practice in front of mirror imagine you're meeting yourself in front of the mirror practice your script practice your lines practice your smile your smile is very important right start to start to network with people friends or friends okay before you go to someone completely cold find some warm places that you can practice so I think the most important thing is like what David said is the practicing you're just gonna have to go in there and meet as many people as you can and literally just collect the cards the business card just collect business cards just go in there meet people and collect their business cards and then you'll figure out what industry what this person is doing and by the time you start to develop that you start to understand well this person actually doesn't have anything right actually you're maybe even more more valuable right and so it's interesting when I went to a networking event where it's all like you know flashy glamour and and everybody has a business card and and when you go in there and you know them long enough and you kind of seen them around the block and you realize they're they're not anyone particularly special because I'll tell you this why most successful people aren't in those events yeah they're not there okay so if you want to you know a very guy trying to look for this you know maybe a multi-million billionaire then then find those keynote speakers those events where specifically say this person will be here great you know and there's a networking function the ticket might be expensive but it's worth it you know I paid $1,000 worth ticket to see somebody important right and make sure I can make that initial contact right but really it's about like I say practicing right that's that's the way you can do it okay so let's recap three things to overcome fear and be networking tips right so number one is to dress well dress your best number two is to be prepared okay have a script or practice your approach body language to your smile your what you say how you say it practice some questions you have in front of ahead of time the questions you're gonna ask to find out more about the person and number three is to go to the proper go to the right event don't just go to any event so that you actually network with the people you need the network with not just like people that are going to waste time yeah I think the most important thing about networking is your time your value don't waste every second of it because if you are gonna go to an event that you know that there's not enough quality people there just don't go right yeah unless it was referred by friend that some someone or so so will be there go for it right and don't overcome your fears just do it practice it repeat it and desensitize yourself from the fear or get a coach or get a mentor to help you and to guide you to do something you haven't learned before alright so that's it thanks for watching make sure you subscribe to this channel comment you have questions about business about your career and your you need the life coaching then make sure you give us a comment give us a shout and we're gonna answer more questions that you have in the following videos so see you soon see you to see you soon next time see ya


The prevalence of chronic kidney disease, CKD, in the Republic of Guinea is high, with many patients suffering from end-stage renal disease, ESRD. Access to dialysis treatment is limited, with only 140 out of 385 ESRD patients having access to hemodialysis. This lack of access to dialysis treatment is associated with higher mortality rates among these patients. To address this issue, more dialysis machines are needed in conicry, as well as additional nephrology slash hemodialysis centers throughout the country. This article was authored by Alpha Omerba, C. Salamine, Mamadou Cellobald, and others.


So what was your accomplishment just now? I just hit a mile. Way to go! Good job! I'm married with two kids, this is the fourth best day of my life.